cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TNF-α Blockade Improves Early Post-Resuscitation Survival and Hemodynamics in a Swine Model of Ischemic Ventricular Fibrillation

Aim of the study Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of post cardiac arrest syndrome, including myocardial dysfunction and hypotension, often leading to multi-organ system dysfunction and death. We hypothesized that administration of infliximab after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) would ameliorate hypotension and myocardial dysfunction and prolong survival.
Mechanistic analysis of the immunomodulatory effects of a catalytic antioxidant on antigen-presenting cells: implication for their use in targeting oxidation-reduction reactions in innate immunity.

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have an indispensable role in controlling the growth of pathogens. Recent evidence also suggests that they can function as second messengers and modulators of the immune system. The identification of many redox-sensitive signal transduction pathways that are necessary for initiating the innate proinflammatory immune response suggests that modulation of these oxidation–reduction reactions may provide a means of therapeutic benefit for controlling inflammatory-mediated diseases. In order to test this hypothesis we employed two catalytic antioxidants (AEOL 10113 and 10150) for the determination of the role of oxidation–reduction reactions in innate immune system activation. Catalytic antioxidants prevented the initiation of the innate immune response in LPS-stimulated macrophages as evidenced by the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and ROS (NO2− and O2−). The suppression of proinflammatory cytokine and ROS production correlated with the inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding, without any effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Catalytic antioxidants prevented NF-κB from binding DNA by an oxidation mechanism that was reversible with the addition of DTT. Although the primary use of these agents was to reduce and scavenge ROS, surprisingly, we also observed the ability of these compounds to exhibit oxidoreductase activity and oxidize redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-κB. Catalytic antioxidants exhibit antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities and our data further demonstrate the importance of redox balance for the initiation of proinflammation. The coupling of the innate with the adaptive immune response is dependent on TNF-α, IL-1β, NO2−, and O2− generation; therefore, agents like catalytic antioxidants that decrease proinflammatory cytokines and ROS may provide protective effects in diseases in which chronic inflammation plays a pathogenic role.
Hormonal and nutritional requirements for limb regeneration and survival of adult newts.

Newts which were fed daily for two weeks prior to hypophysectomy survived significantly longer and regenerated limbs better than newts fasted for two weeks prior to hypophysectomy. Since limbs were amputated five days after hypophysectomy, regeneration was initiated in the complete absence of pituitary hormones. Newts which were hypophysectomized 14 days after limb amputation were found to possess blastemas significantly smaller at eight and also at 16 days after the operation than the blastemas of sham-operated newts. Thus, hypophysectomy, performed after limb regeneration had progressed through the wound healing and dedifferentiation phases, resulted in a significant retardation in the growth of the blastema. To determine which hormones are essential to normal limb regeneration and survival, newts were hypophysectomized and treated with various combinations of hormones, or grafted with pituitaries from newts or from axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum). A prolactin-thyroxine combination, growth hormone, and ectopic pituitary grafts from newts or axolotls, significantly prolonged the life of hypophysectomized newts. These newts also regenerated limbs in a normal fashion. Thyroxine alone, prolactin alone, thyroxine + ACTH, ACTH, or saline were not effective in restoring the health of hypophysectomized newts and were not effective in restoring normal limb regeneration ability.
Dipolar double-quantum filtered rotational-echo double resonance.

The homonuclear dipolar coupling of a directly bonded 13C13C pair has been used to create a dipolar double-quantum filter (D-DQF) to remove the natural-abundance 13C background in 13C{2H} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) experiments. The most efficient version of this experiment has the D-DQF excitation and reconversion preceding the REDOR evolution period. Calculated and observed 13C{2H}D-DQF-REDOR dephasings were in agreement for a test sample of mixed recrystallized labeled alanines. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endosomes from kidney collecting tubule cells contain the vasopressin-sensitive water channel

The mechanism by which vasopressin rapidly and dramatically increases the water permeability of target epithelial cell membranes is thought to involve a cycle of exo- and endocytosis during which vesicles carrying 'water channels' are successively inserted into, and removed from the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Clusters of intramembranous particles, visible by freeze-fracture electron microscopy and presumed to represent water channels, appear on apical membranes in parallel with increased transepithelial water flow. In the collecting duct, these clusters are located in clathrin-coated pits which are subsequently internalized. There has been no direct evidence, however, that subcellular membranes in vasopressin-sensitive epithelia contain functional water channels. In this report, we have used fluorophores that are sensitive to volume and do not pass through membranes to label and to measure directly the osmotic water permeability of endocytosed vesicles isolated from renal papilla. We present direct evidence that vasopressin induces the appearance of a population of endocytic vesicles whose limiting membranes contain water channels.
¿Sacrificar al héroe para fundar nacionalismo? Clemencia, de Ignacio Manuel Altamirano

Clemencia (1869) presents a tragic resolution with the death ofFernando Valle, the novel’s hero, depicted as patriotic, military, and moreno. The ending is problematic when considering the novel in terms of a narrativethat constructs the nation-state (Doris Sommer) because there is no explanationfor tragic demise of its exemplary citizen. A possible interpretation arises when Valle is considered a sacrifcial victim (Rene Girard). The historical setting forthe novel is a moment of crisis in Mexican history, a moment in which the distinctionsbetween traitor and hero become unclear. Valle’s death, analyzed fromthe perspective of Girardian sacrifce, is an act that reestablishes order in thecommunity and contains the previously uncontained violence.
The determinants and political consequences of Latinos' perceived intra-group competition

Tensions between Latinos may undermine support for collective group interests. In this paper, we, first, examine the determinants of Latinos' perceived intra-group competition. We expected perceive...
Increased vulnerability to alcohol-related birth defects in the offspring of mothers over 30

The risk of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is known to increase with increased maternal age and parity. This study investigated the hypothesis that the deficits in growth and intellectual function seen in non-FAS infants exposed to alcohol at moderate-to-heavy levels are also found disproportionately in the offspring of older mothers. Mothers of 480 African-American, inner-city infants were interviewed at each prenatal clinic visit regarding their use of alcohol during pregnancy. Infants were assessed for physical growth and cognitive development repeatedly through age 13 months. In analyses run separately for the infants of younger and older mothers, alcohol-related deficits were seen most strongly in the offspring of women over 30 years of age. This pattern was not caused by lower levels of drinking by the younger mothers. Age-related increases in maternal body fat-to-water ratio and a faster rate of alcohol metabolism in chronic drinking women may account for the greater vulnerability of the offspring of the older mothers. These data suggest that physiological changes associated with aging and/or chronic drinking may play an important role in the alcohol-related birth defects seen in infants exposed at moderate-to-heavy levels.
Hypernatremia: Correction Rate and Hemodialysis

Severe hypernatremia is defined as serum sodium levels above 152 mEq/L, with a mortality rate ≥60%. 85-year-old gentleman was brought to the emergency room with altered level of consciousness after refusing to eat for a week at a skilled nursing facility. On admission patient was nonverbal with stable vital signs and was responsive only to painful stimuli. Laboratory evaluation was significant for serum sodium of 188 mmol/L and water deficit of 12.0 L. Patient was admitted to medicine intensive care unit and after inadequate response to suboptimal fluid repletion, hemodialysis was used to correct hypernatremia. Within the first fourteen hours, sodium concentration only changed 1 mEq/L with a fluid repletion; however, the concentration dropped greater than 20 mEq/L within two hours during hemodialysis. Despite such a drastic drop in sodium concentration, patient did not develop any neurological sequela and was at baseline mental status at the time of discharge.
Reconstructing the δ18O of atmospheric water vapour via the CAM epiphyte Tillandsia usneoides: seasonal controls on δ18O in the field and large‐scale reconstruction of δ18Oa

Using both oxygen isotope ratios of leaf water (δ18OL) and cellulose (δ18OC) of Tillandsia usneoides in situ, this paper examined how short- and long-term responses to environmental variation and model parameterization affected the reconstruction of the atmospheric water vapour (δ18Oa). During sample-intensive field campaigns, predictions of δ18OL matched observations well using a non-steady-state model, but the model required data-rich parameterization. Predictions from the more easily parameterized maximum enrichment model (δ18OL–M) matched observed δ18OL and observed δ18Oa when leaf water turnover was less than 3.5 d. Using the δ18OL–M model and weekly samples of δ18OL across two growing seasons in Florida, USA, reconstructed δ18Oa was −12.6 ± 0.3‰. This is compared with δ18Oa of −12.4 ± 0.2‰ resolved from the growing-season-weighted δ18OC. Both of these values were similar to δ18Oa in equilibrium with precipitation, −12.9‰. δ18Oa was also reconstructed through a large-scale transect with δ18OL and the growing-season-integrated δ18OC across the southeastern United States. There was considerable large-scale variation, but there was regional, weather-induced coherence in δ18Oa when using δ18OL. The reconstruction of δ18Oa with δ18OC generally supported the assumption of δ18Oa being in equilibrium with precipitation δ18O (δ18Oppt), but the pool of δ18Oppt with which δ18Oa was in equilibrium – growing season versus annual δ18Oppt – changed with latitude.
Summer internal phosphorus supplies in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota

Phosphorus budget calculations for Shagawa Lake show that significant increases in lake P during July and August 1971-1975 originated from within the lake basin. Mass increases of 2,000-2,900 kg (3550 pgeliter-‘) were measured, corresponding to internal supply rates of 240-680 kg* wk-’ over a 3-9-week interval. After anaerobi : conditions developed in late June, release from the profundal zone sediments contributed :ignificant amounts of P to lake water. Sediment chemical properties were determined to estimate: the size of the P reservoir in the profundal zone (at water depths > 6.5 m). The P content of the surficial profundal zone sediments was 0.2-0.5% (dry wt) and a significant fraction \fas potentially mobile (NaOH extractable). We calculate that the upper 10 cm of these sediments contain 50,000 kg of potentially mobile P, of which a small fraction is released each summer. Although external sources of phosphorus have been reduced by about 80%, the feedback ofP from the sediments is supporting the productivity of Shagawa Lake and may continue to do so for many years.
Survival from localized breast cancer. Variability across trials and registries.

Age-specific (< 50, 50-69 years) 10-year survival proportions in four European trials for node-negative, Stage I and II breast cancer patients differ significantly. These patients, identified as having the same stage as localized-breast cancer patients in the End Results Registry of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, had pooled survival proportions for the two age groups (0.713, 0.579) close to those of the registry (0.713, 0.607).
Chromosome Interactions in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. II. Total Fitness

In a large experiment, using nearly 200 population cages, we have measured the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster homozygous (1) for the second chromosome, (2) for the third chromosome, and (3) for both chromosomes. Twentyfour second chromosomes and 24 third chromosomes sampled from a natural population were tested. The mean fitness of the homozygous flies is 0.081 ± 0.014 for the second chromosome, 0.080 ± 0.017 for the third chromosome, and 0.079 ± 0.024 for both chromosomes simultaneously. Assuming that fitnesses are multiplicative (the additive fitness model makes no sense in the present case because of the large selection coefficients involved), the expected mean fitness of the homozygotes for both chromosomes is 0.0066; their observed fitness is more than ten times greater. Thus, it appears that synergistic interactions between loci are considerable; and that, consequently, the fitness function substantially departs from linearity. Two models are tentatively suggested for the fitness function: a "threshold" model and a "synergistic" model.—The experiments reported here confirm previous results showing that the concealed genetic load present in natural populations of Drosophila is sufficient to account for the selective maintenance of numerous polymorphisms (of the order of 1000).
Advancing deep brain stimulation for obsessive–compulsive disorder

Evaluation of: Denys D, Mantione M, Figee M et al. Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 67(10), 1061–1068 (2010).Herein we review a prospective trial of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of severely debilitating, medication-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) recently published in Archives of General Psychiatry by Denys et al. This prospective 16-subject study, while having some technical limitations, is an excellent addition to the existing literature supporting the use of DBS in the region of the nucleus accumbens for severe OCD. It provides further evidence of efficacy and safety, sham versus active stimulation evidence that this efficacy is real, and several key observations on how DBS interacts with the brain that can shed light on the neuropathophysiology of OCD itself.
Hyperactivated motility induced in mouse sperm by calcium ionophore A23187 is reversible

The reversibility of hyperactivated motility was tested in caudal epididymal mouse sperm by treating them with 1 microM calcium ionophore A23187 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), followed 2 min later by the addition of medium containing high levels of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (final concentrations: 0.5 microM A23187, 22 mg/ml BSA). Controls received DMSO alone, followed by BSA. Immediately following treatment with A23187, motility was weak and vibratory. Two minutes after the addition of high levels of BSA, motility was hyperactivated, as determined by videotape analysis of linearity of trajectory and acuteness of flagellar bending. Ten minutes after the addition, the movement pattern returned to that of fresh, uncapacitated epididymal sperm. Control sperm retained the linear swimming pattern of fresh caudal epididymal sperm during the 10 min of observation. Ninety minutes later, however, both control and treated sperm became hyperactivated. The percentage of motile sperm was not affected by treatment or time. Thus, ionophore-induced hyperactivation is reversible and does not interfere with the normal development of hyperactivation during incubation under capacitating conditions in vitro.
AVIAN COMPANIONSHIP IN ALLEVIATION OF DEPRESSION, LONELINESS, AND LOW MORALE OF OLDER ADULTS IN SKILLED REHABILITATION UNITS '

To assess effects of a companion bird on the depression, morale, and loneliness of 40 older adults in a skilled rehabilitation unit, self-reported measures of depression, loneliness, and morale were completed on admission and 10 days later. With the presence of a companion bird the experimental group (n = 20) showed a significant decrease in depression but none in morale or loneliness from the control group (n = 20) who were without a bird. Use of a companion bird may lessen negative effects of change of residence for older adults.
Domain effects in the thin film head

An analysis is presented showing that delays in the response of thin film heads can lead to distortions in the shape of isolated pulses including decreases in the peak amplitude, increases in the isolated pulse half width, and, in extreme, the disappearance of the negative amplitude trailing edge of the pulse characteristic of the thin film head. Examples of thin film heads have been found exhibiting isolated pulse forms corresponding to variable delay times after near saturation of the head in writing. These examples suggest that variable domain structures in the head are associated with these delays. One specific model for domain wall motion in the head is considered in detail showing a relationship between the equations of motion of domain walls and the delay times associated with the portions of the head blocked by closure domains.
Interactive Visual Synthesis of Analytic Knowledge

A visual investigation involves both the examination of existing information and the synthesis of new analytic knowledge. This is a progressive process in which newly synthesized knowledge becomes the foundation for future discovery. In this paper, we present a novel system supporting interactive, progressive synthesis of analytic knowledge. Here we use the term "analytic knowledge" to refer to concepts that a user derives from existing data along with the evidence supporting such concepts. Unlike existing visual analytic tools, which typically support only exploration of existing information, our system offers two unique features. First, we support user-system cooperative visual synthesis of analytic knowledge from existing data. Specifically, users can visually define new concepts by annotating existing information, and refine partially formed concepts by linking additional evidence or manipulating related concepts. In response to user actions, our system can automatically manage the evolving corpus of synthesized knowledge and its corresponding evidence. Second, we support progressive visual analysis of synthesized knowledge. This feature allows analysts to visually explore both existing knowledge and synthesized knowledge, dynamically incorporating earlier analytic conclusions into the ensuing discovery process. We have applied our system to two complex but very different analytic applications. Our preliminary evaluation shows the promise of our work.
Infertility as a risk factor of ovarian and breast cancer

For over a decade, questions regarding the possible link between infertility and ovarian and breast cancer have been raised. According to the WHO, infertility affects 15–20% of couples in developed countries and this rate keeps growing. Infertile couples want to seek reliable information regarding the cancer risk associated with their infertility and the safety of infertility treatments. Because ovarian and breast cancer share the same risk predictors with infertility, the possible links between infertility and these two female cancers have been most widely investigated. Nevertheless, the results have been conflicting. In this article, we will review the potential association between infertility and breast/ovarian cancer in both cohort and case–control studies based on the possible mechanisms of how infertility can affect both cancers.
Design of a High‐Temperature Resistance Furnace

An electric resistance furnace is described that is capable of operating at temperatures up to 3770 °F. (2075°C.) in vucuo or in hydrogen or noble-gas atmospheres. Problems of outgassing and atmosphere contamination by furnace materials are largely circumvented by eliminating insulation.
Hybrid drive design: an economics - workload based approach

Broader availability of solid state storage devices (SSD) enables an opportunity to improve the performance of the storage architectures. However, it not clear how exactly this development should proceed in terms of achieving greater cost-performance balance. Designers will bene t from a data-driven approach to understand how much SSD they should invest in to realize the most cost e ective system. This paper presents an analysis of actual workloads to deduce and derive guidance for an optimal investment strategy to balance the solid state and hard disk drive (HDD) to achieve the best cost and performance trade-o s. We show that while it is possible to determine this balance, it is heavily application dependent. For the workloads we studied, under certain assumptions, the preferred proportion of SSD varies from 8% to 60% for an 80% improvement in I/O performance (measured in terms of hits in SSD) compared to totally magnetic disks. Further, we also propose three replacement strategies to keep the most accessed data in SSD. This replacement is determined using the past usage data. The goal is to make the best use of the available SSD, while minimizing the number of replacements. Our Simulation results shows that the best of our strategies provide 60% to 90% performance improvement compared to totally HDD across di erent workloads.
High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with long operation lifetime (Presentation Recording)

Perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention for their outstanding energy conversion efficiency in the past few years. Due to the development of active materials, device architectures and processing methods, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells is now growing up to 20%. Beyond the efficiency, to get rid of Lead, the widely-used toxic element in the perovskite layers, as well as to improve the device/module operation lifetime are the other two major challenges that need to be solved before their commercialization. Here, we apply a layer of ZnO nanoparticles onto to a planar perovskite solar cell, which can not only improve the electron transport/extraction in the devices but highly improve the device operation lifetime. The devices were fabricated by spin-coating a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythuiphene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer onto a glass/ITO substrate, followed by the deposition of a perovskite layer from a lead chloride (PbCl2) and methyl ammonium iodine (MAI) blend precursor solution. After that, a layer of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and a layer of ZnO nanoparticles were successively deposited as the electron transport layers, and the device was finished by thermally evaporation Al as the cathode. Such planar perovskite solar cell with ZnO NPs exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 14.1%, which is about 35% higher than that without the ZnO layer. Moreover, the device remains 80% of its initial PCE after 2500 hours under 1 sum illumination, majorly due to the protection of ZnO layer that prevent the diffusion of oxygen and moisture molecules into the perovskite layers as revealed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies.
Medicine’s Crises

In this chapter, I examine the quality-of-care and professionalism crises and conventional attempts, especially in terms of evidence-based and patient-centered medicine, to resolve them. In contrast to these attempts, I introduce the notion of virtuous physician and briefly explore its potential for addressing these crises.
Seroepidemiology of the Virus

The detection of an apparently new virus in a specimen from a patient with a particular disease has to be followed by a series of immunologic and seroepidemiologic studies to determine (1) whether the virus is truly new or whether it can be identified with the aid of specific immune sera to known viruses; (2) whether the patient has or develops antibodies to the virus in the course of the disease; (3) whether other patients with the same disease also have antibodies to the new virus; (4) whether antibodies to the new virus are limited to patients with the given disease or whether they are also found in the general population which, in turn, would indicate whether infections by the new virus are invariably accompanied by signs of the disease or whether the disease is an unusual result of infection by the virus; and (5) if antibodies are found in healthy individuals, whether or not patients with the disease show higher titers and a broader spectrum of antibodies to virus-related antigens than individuals without clinical evidence of the disease. The value of these immunologic and seroepidemiologic approaches is well illustrated by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
A massively flipped class: Designing and implementing active learning information literacy instruction for a large enrollment course

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how one-shot library instruction sessions for large lecture classes can effectively be “flipped”, and can incorporate active learning activities as part of both online and face-to-face classroom. Design/methodology/approach – This case study discusses the challenges of using flipped classroom methods with large enrollment courses and investigates the use of technology to facilitate the active learning components. Situated in flipped classroom pedagogy literature for both information literacy instruction and large lecture classes, the paper synthesizes practical information through the analysis of design and implementation. Findings – Lecture classes present unique challenges for utilizing flipped classroom methods, but the obstacles can be overcome with a bit of preparation and faculty buy-in, balanced with the proper utilization of technology. Originality/value – The paper offers other librarians practical design and implementation informatio...
Mobile Panoramic Vision for Assisting the Blind via Indexing and Localization

In this paper, we propose a first-person localization and navigation system for helping blind and visually-impaired people navigate in indoor environments. The system consists of a mobile vision front end with a portable panoramic lens mounted on a smart phone, and a remote GPU-enabled server. Compact and effective omnidirectional video features are extracted and represented in the smart phone front end, and then transmitted to the server, where the features of an input image or a short video clip are used to search a database of an indoor environment via image-based indexing to find both the location and the orientation of the current view. To deal with the high computational cost in searching a large database for a realistic navigation application, data parallelism and task parallelism properties are identified in database indexing, and computation is accelerated by using multi-core CPUs and GPUs. Experiments on synthetic data and real data are carried out to demonstrate the capacity of the proposed system, with respect to real-time response and robustness.
Attempted Fractionation of Purified Bovine Growth Hormone.

SummaryPurified bovine growth hormone, extracted fractionally with a wide variety of organic solvent mixtures, does not yield more active constituents than the protein starting material, nor do the products differ from it in other properties.
Relation of Diagenetic Alteration and Soil-Forming Processes to the Uranium Deposits of the Southeast Texas Coastal Plain1

The Upper Eocene Jackson Group is the chief host rock of the uranium deposits in the Kames area of the southeast Texas Coastal Plain. It is highly tufiaceous and the uranium deposits are “within approximately 100 ft of the unconformity with the overlying Catahoula Tuff (Miocene?). Glass shards, fragments of sanidine and plagioclase, grains of finegrained volcanic rocks, and biotite and other minerals in these sediments were highly reactive chemically, causing complex diagenetic alteration and the development of alkaline carbonate pore water. Extensive caliche development and silica induration associated with a recent hotter, drier climate favored the concentration of uranium. The origin of these shallow uranium deposits is believed to have been controlled by the complex diagenesis of the highly reactive volcanic detritus, by development of a “builtin” solvent for uranium (the alkaline carbonate pore water), and by climatic, structural, and permeability conditions that allowed concentration and deposition of uranium rather than dilution and dispersal. The tufiaceous rocks are considered to have been the source of the uranium and associated molybdenum, phosphorus, and arsenic.
A Role Set Analysis of Gender Differences in Performance, Affective Relationships, and Career Success of Industrial Middle Managers

Results of a field investigation and a follow-up study suggest that pro-male bias may not prevail in middle management. Women managers seem to be promoted faster and are more satisfied in their job...
Analysis of Measure and Strategy of Maintenance for Full-Scope Simulator in Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant

The paper introduces hardware and software of Full - Scope Simulator in Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant., and points out general strategy of maintenance for Full - Scope Simulator. The paper also gives an analysis of measure of maintenance for Full - Scope Simulator in Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant in detail.
The significance of the level of Nitrite and Malondialdehyde in different brain regions of Epileptic Rats

objective To explore the relationship of epilepsy with nitric oxide Methods The models of epilepsy were made by intraperiloneal injection of Thiosmicarbazide(TSC) 15mg/kg. The Palium(PAL). Hippocampus(Hip)and Corpus Striatum(STR) of the brain were taken immediately after sacrifice of each rat , then paste of brain tissue were prepared . The level of Nitrite(NO 2 -)and Malondialdehyde(MDA)of Pal、Hip and Str were determind directly with the colormetric methods and thiobarbituric-acid reactive methods. Results The level of NO 2 - in initial and relapse seizure groups were significantly increased( P 0.01), but the level of NO 2 - in death time of seizure group dropped to normal level( P 0.05); The level of MDA in initial seizure group had no statistic difference compared with contrast group , but the level of MDA in relapse and death time of seizure were significantly increased( P 0.05, P 0.01) ; The level of NO 2 - and MDA in L—NNA interfere group were markedly decreased ( P 0.01) compared with contrast group , ( P 0.01) compared with relative time group . Conclusion The NO Pathway was definitely involved in the seizure initiation,spread and the injury process to brain.
Targeting VEGF in canine oxygen-induced retinopathy - a model for human retinopathy of prematurity

Development of the dog superficial retinal vasculature is similar to the mechanism of human retinal vasculature development; they both develop by vasculogenesis, differentiation, and assembly of vascular precursors called angioblasts. Canine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) was first developed by Arnall Patz in an effort to experimentally determine the effects of hyperoxia on the development of the retinal vasculature. The canine OIR model has many characteristics in common with human retinopathy of prematurity. Exposure of 1-day-old dogs to hyperoxia for 4 days causes a vaso-obliteration throughout the retina. Vasoproliferation, after the animals have returned to room air, is robust. The initial small preretinal neovascular formations anastomose to form large preretinal membranes that eventually cause tractional retinal folds. The end-stage pathology of the canine model is similar to stage IV human retinopathy of prematurity. Therefore, canine OIR is an excellent forum to evaluate the response to drugs targeting VEGF and its receptors. Evaluation of an antibody to VEGF-R2 and the VEGF-Trap demonstrated that doses should be titered down so that preretinal neovascularization is inhibited but retinal revascularization is able to proceed, vascularizing peripheral retina and preventing it from being a source of VEGF.
Identification with Multiple Groups in Multiethnic Middle Schools: What Predicts Social Ingroup Overlap?

Self-definition becomes a central task during early adolescence, as youth identify with multiple social groups. Focusing on ethnic identification and identification with other salient social ingroups (e.g., those based on extracurricular activities), we examined predictors of perceived ingroup membership overlap among ethnically diverse adolescents (n = 1264; M age = 12.51; 53 % female). Social ingroup overlap remained relatively stable, but decreased, across the seventh to eighth grade. The number of cross-ethnic classmates in seventh grade predicted lower overlap in the eighth grade, and cross-ethnic friendships by eighth grade mediated this association. Findings underscore the opportunities provided by multiethnic middle schools for youth to connect and befriend one another across ethnic lines, as well as to foster divergent social identities that are associated with positive intergroup attitudes.
Using tensor light shifts to measure and cancel a cell's quadrupolar frequency shift

We have developed a technique that uses the tensor light shift to measure and cancel the frequency shift produced by the quadrupolar anisotropy of a vapor cell. We demonstrate the technique on the $6{S}_{1/2},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}F=4$ level of Cs using the ${D}_{1}$ transition. The method extends our ability to study quadrupolar wall interactions beyond diamagnetic atoms. We have deduced the twist angle per wall adhesion for cesium on an alkene coating to be ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{Cs}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{alkene}}=1.4\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{mrad}$. This value is about 37 times larger than the twist angle observed in $^{131}\text{Xe}$, suggesting that it is not produced by the interaction of the nuclear quadrupole moment with a collisional electric-field gradient. Alternative mechanisms that may be responsible for the observed quadrupolar frequency shifts are discussed. By canceling the cell-induced quadrupole shift we have extended our cells' effective spin-relaxation times by as much as a factor of 2. This cancellation improves magnetometer sensitivity in highly anisotropic cells and could reduce systematic uncertainties in some precision measurements.
The Nature of Bias Crime Injuries: A Comparative Analysis of Physical and Psychological Victimization Effects

The core justification of bias crime statutes concerns whether bias-motivated crimes are qualitatively different from otherwise motivated crimes. We test the hypothesis that bias crimes are more detrimental than non-bias crimes by testing for multi-dimensional injuries to victims of bias and non-bias-motivated criminal conduct. Using National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Extract 2013 Collection Year Incident-level Extract File, we analyzed physical injuries and psychological trauma to NCVS victims during 2013. We found a range of covariates consistent with the likelihood of physical injury and psychological trauma. These included whether the incident was bias motivated, whether weapons (firearms, knives, other or unknown type of weapons) were involved, whether the incident involved multiple offenders or strangers, or whether drugs or alcohol were involved. Our findings reinforce previous studies that detected empirical evidence of multi-dimensional physical and psychological injuries to bias crime victims.
The Impact of Radiation Oncologists on the Early Adoption of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose Despite multiple randomized trials showing the efficacy of hypofractionated radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer, the United States has been slow to adopt this treatment. The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of individual radiation oncologists on the early adoption of hypofractionated radiation therapy for early-stage breast cancer. Methods We identified 22,233 Medicare beneficiaries with localized breast cancer that was diagnosed from 2004 to 2011 who underwent breast-conserving surgery with adjuvant radiation. Multilevel, multivariable logistic models clustered by radiation oncologist and geographic practice area were used to determine the impact of the provider and geographic region on the likelihood of receiving hypofractionated compared with standard fractionated radiation therapy while controlling for a patient's clinical and demographic covariates. Odds ratios (OR) describe the impact of demographic or clinical covariates, and the median OR (MOR) describes the relative impact of the individual radiation oncologist and geographic region on the likelihood of undergoing hypofractionated radiation therapy. Results Among the entire cohort, 2333 women (10.4%) were treated with hypofractionated radiation therapy, with unadjusted rates ranging from 0.0% in the bottom quintile of radiation oncologists to 30.4% in the top quintile. Multivariable analysis found that the individual radiation oncologist (MOR 3.08) had a greater impact on the use of hypofractionation than did geographic region (MOR 2.10) or clinical and demographic variables. The impact of the provider increased from the year 2004 to 2005 (MOR 2.82) to the year 2010 to 2011 (MOR 3.16) despite the publication of long-term randomized trial results in early 2010. Male physician and radiation oncologists treating the highest volume of breast cancer patients were less likely to perform hypofractionation ( P Conclusions The individual radiation oncologist strongly influenced the likelihood of a patient's receiving hypofractionated radiation therapy, and this trend increased despite the publication of long-term data showing equivalence to standard fractionation. Future research should focus on physician-related factors that influence this decision.
Humanoid manipulation planning using backward-forward search

This paper explores combining task and manipulation planning for humanoid robots. Existing methods tend to either take prohibitively long to compute for humanoids or artificially limit the physical capabilities of the humanoid platform by restricting the robot's actions to predetermined trajectories. We present a hybrid planning system which is able to scale well for complex tasks without relying on predetermined robot actions. Our system utilizes the hybrid backward-forward planning algorithm for high-level task planning combined with humanoid primitives for standing and walking motion planning. These primitives are designed to be efficiently computable during planning, despite the large amount of complexity present in humanoid robots, while still informing the task planner of the geometric constraints present in the problem. Our experiments apply our method to simulated pick-and-place problems with additional gate constraints impacting navigation using the DRC-HUBO1 robot. Our system is able to solve puzzle-like problems on a humanoid within a matter of minutes.
A Survey of Recent Efforts

Our discussions in previous chapters each focused on a specific topic in modeling in the life sciences and not all of the research reported on these involved the use of optimal control theory. In this chapter we present a survey of recent findings which do rely in a substantial way on the tools of modern control theory. While our literature search was not meant to be exhaustive, the articles mentioned below do represent the results provided by a literature search of such diverse journals as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Mathematical Biosciences, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,. Computers and Biomedical Research, International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, and Computers in Biology and Medicine, as well as a number of biological and mathematical journals, and research reports from various groups in this country and abroad. The level of commitment with respect to solution of a specific biomedical modeling problem varies in the papers we found and some, while of interest to readers with a mathematical background, do not appear to involve a serious effort from the biomedical point of view.
Opioid substitution treatment is linked to reduced risk of death in opioid use disorder

Sustained engagement in treatment is vital, particularly in the first “golden month” Deaths related to the “epidemic” of opioid use disorder are inescapable realities in communities across North America, with tags like “the American Carnage” and “this generations’ AIDS crisis” in the lay press. Prescription opioids, heroin, and, more recently, fentanyl have all contributed to a precipitous rise in deaths related to opioid overdose.1 The global burden of opioid use disorder also continues to rise. Opioid substitution treatment (or the preferred term opioid agonist treatment2) with long acting opioids such as methadone or buprenorphine, the most effective evidence based approach, has emerged as the prominent tool in response to this public health challenge.3 Long term treatment of opioid use disorder with another opioid might evoke skepticism and concern among policymakers, patients, families, communities, and even physicians, potentially limiting participation in treatment and posing a challenge to public health. In a linked paper, Sordo and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.j1550) aggregated data on the mortality benefits of engagement with opioid substitution treatment and the harms associated with disengagement.4 Their well conducted systematic review includes …
A transient dopamine signal encodes subjective value and causally influences demand in an economic context

The mesolimbic dopamine system is strongly implicated in motivational processes. Currently accepted theories suggest that transient mesolimbic dopamine release events energize reward seeking and encode reward value. During the pursuit of reward, critical associations are formed between the reward and cues that predict its availability. Conditioned by these experiences, dopamine neurons begin to fire upon the earliest presentation of a cue, and again at the receipt of reward. The resulting dopamine concentration scales proportionally to the value of the reward. In this study, we used a behavioral economics approach to quantify how transient dopamine release events scale with price and causally alter price sensitivity. We presented sucrose to rats across a range of prices and modeled the resulting demand curves to estimate price sensitivity. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we determined that the concentration of accumbal dopamine time-locked to cue presentation decreased with price. These data confirm and extend the notion that dopamine release events originating in the ventral tegmental area encode subjective value. Using optogenetics to augment dopamine concentration, we found that enhancing dopamine release at cue made demand more sensitive to price and decreased dopamine concentration at reward delivery. From these observations, we infer that value is decreased because of a negative reward prediction error (i.e., the animal receives less than expected). Conversely, enhancing dopamine at reward made demand less sensitive to price. We attribute this finding to a positive reward prediction error, whereby the animal perceives they received a better value than anticipated.
Cost-Effectiveness of Aspirin Adherence for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events

Suboptimal adherence to aspirin therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events is an important public health problem. Prior studies have demonstrated non-adherent patients are at higher risk of experiencing CV events. This study aimed to estimate the clinical and economic outcomes of aspirin non-adherence in patients with a prior primary CV event. We developed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of aspirin adherence from a generic US managed care payer perspective over a 5-year time horizon. Costs, utilities and rates of aspirin adherence, CV events and adverse events were gathered from published literature to populate the model. Outcomes were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs (US$) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). We applied the model separately to a population without type II diabetes as a comorbidity (non-diabetic model) and a population with type II diabetes (type II diabetes model). A one-way sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the model uncertainty. The base case showed adherent patients lived 0.25 and 0.36 QALYs longer than non-adherent patients in the non-diabetic model and type II diabetes model, respectively. Adherence to aspirin had an ICER of US$25/QALY in the non-diabetic population, while it saved US$297 per patient over a 5-year period in the type II diabetes population. One-way sensitivity analysis showed the models were most sensitive to rates of non-fatal events in non-adherent patients. This study suggests aspirin adherence may improve QALYs for patients with a prior primary CV event. Further, it may decrease costs in patients with type II diabetes. While additional research is needed to validate these results, payers may wish to increase strategies to promote adherence in order to improve population health. Not applicable.
Integrating genomics and genetics to accelerate development of drought and salinity tolerant crops

Publisher Summary The abiotic stress conditions that most adversely affect crop yield are associated with water deficiency ion imbalance and temperature extremes. Plants respond to environmental stresses at multiple levels such as molecular, cellular, tissue, anatomical, morphological, and whole-plant physiological levels. These responses to one or more stresses also vary with species and genotype. The plant response to stress also depends on the duration and severity of the event, as well as the age and developmental stage of the plant when the stress is imposed. Among the various abiotic stress conditions, water deficiency is the most devastating factor. Salinity is a major constraint on crop plant productivity. More than 800 million hectares of land throughout the world are salt affected, which accounts for 6% of the world total land area. Effective management of the available water resources through agronomic practices plays a major role in sustainable production under drought.
Spotlight on the Dance: A Message from the Chairman of the National Section on Dance: Probationary Period Challenges Dance Educators

(1963). Spotlight on the Dance. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 67-69.