cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Description of a Collaborative, Fee-for-service, Office-based, Pharmacist-directed Medical Cannabis Therapy Management Service for Patients with Chronic Pain

Abstract Background Treatment with medical cannabis (MC) in the US tends to be patient-driven in nature despite evidence that suggests patients have remarkably poor knowledge on the medical use of this treatment modality. Objective To develop and pilot a collaborative, fee-for-service (FFS), office-based, pharmacist-directed MC therapy management (MCTM) service, for patients suffering chronic pain (CP). Description A collaborative, FFS, office-based, pharmacist-directed MCTM service where patients are seen after a physician deems them suitable for treatment with MC. The pharmacist designs the initial treatment regimen by selecting a formulation, dose, route and frequency of administration then manages ongoing therapy by making regimen changes based on the patient’s response, side effects, and financial concerns. Innovation The creation of a specialized service where a registered MC pharmacist is positioned in a collaborating provider’s office, and sees patients face-to-face for the provision of MCTM services. Evaluation Methods Patient retention, revenue generated, and ability to replicate the service were evaluated. Patient satisfaction was assessed by collecting subjective feedback on the service. Results The pilot site that developed the service has seen 133 patients from 2016-2021 and has retained 89% of patients after 5 years of quarterly appointments. Patients appear willing to pay out of pocket for the service and the revenue generated covers the pharmacist’s and collaborating physician’s time as well as additional overhead. The service has been replicated at two additional sites and patient feedback has been positive. Conclusions MCTM is another useful pharmacist service that patients are willing to pay for. MCTM services decrease the collaborating provider’s workload while still allowing them to offer their patients personalized treatment with MC. In our experience, the service retains patients, generates enough revenue to cover costs, can be replicated, and is well received by patients.
Label Propagation Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions Based on Clinical Side Effects

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is an important topic for public health, and thus attracts attention from both academia and industry. Here we hypothesize that clinical side effects (SEs) provide a human phenotypic profile and can be translated into the development of computational models for predicting adverse DDIs. We propose an integrative label propagation framework to predict DDIs by integrating SEs extracted from package inserts of prescription drugs, SEs extracted from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, and chemical structures from PubChem. Experimental results based on hold-out validation demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, the new algorithm also ranked drug information sources based on their contributions to the prediction, thus not only confirming that SEs are important features for DDI prediction but also paving the way for building more reliable DDI prediction models by prioritizing multiple data sources. By applying the proposed algorithm to 1,626 small-molecule drugs which have one or more SE profiles, we obtained 145,068 predicted DDIs. The predicted DDIs will help clinicians to avoid hazardous drug interactions in their prescriptions and will aid pharmaceutical companies to design large-scale clinical trial by assessing potentially hazardous drug combinations. All data sets and predicted DDIs are available at http://astro.temple.edu/~tua87106/ddi.html.
Estimating Predictive Inference for Responses from the Generalized Rayleigh Model based on Complete Sample

In this paper, the likelihood function given a complete sample from the two-parameter generalized Rayleigh model is derived. By making use of the Bayesian framework, the posterior density function, the predictive density for a single future response, a bivariate future response, and several future responses are derived. A comparison of the predictive variability of the maximum likelihood estimates and some of its neighborhood estimates are provided. The predictive means, standard deviations, 95% highest predictive density intervals, and the shape characteristics for a single future response are determined. A real data set is utilized to illustrate the predictive results.
High-Frequency Underwater Sound

This article will focus on some applications of high-frequency sound to probe the underwater environment. We define high-frequency somewhat broadly, meaning frequencies of order 104 Hz (10 kHz) up to about 107 Hz (10 MHz). The nominal upper frequency limit is chosen from the applications point of view.
Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies

The idea of crucial choices and their legacies has long intrigued students of political change. Numerous scholars have focused on major watersheds in political life, arguing that these transitions establish certain directions of change and foreclose others in a way that may shape politics for years to come. Such transitions can be called "critical junctures." In the context of comparative research, they may be defined as periods of significant change, which typically occur in distinct ways in different countries (or other units of analysis), and which are hypothesized to produce distinct legacies. This chapters lays out a framework for studying critical junctures, which calls for the systematic analysis of: a. Antecedent conditions, i.e., the base line against which the critical juncture and its legacy are assessed. b. The cleavage (or crisis) that emerges out of the antecedent conditions and in turn triggers the critical juncture. c. Three components of the legacy: Mechanisms of production, mechanisms of reproduction, and the stability of the legacy’s core attributes. d. Rival explanations, including what Stinchcombe calls "constant causes," together with the challenge of evaluating partial explanations in comparative-historical research. e. The duration of the legacy and its eventual end, which inevitably must occur at some point.Structuring the analysis within this framework can yield a more rigorous comparative analysis of this important political phenomenon.
Effects of smokeless tobacco on the ability of secretory component to bind to the IgA/J chain complex

Previously, we reported that smokeless tobacco users have significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin A and J chain in whole saliva than non-tobacco users. Because there was no difference in levels of secretory component between the two groups, the proportion of secretory component/immunoglobulin A was significantly lower in users than non-users. There was no significant difference in antibody function. In the present study, we examined immunoglobulin A from whole saliva of users and non-users to determine the effect of smokeless tobacco on the ability of secretory component to bind to immunoglobulin A containing J chain. Whole saliva was passed over an affinity chromatography filter unit coupled with anti-alpha heavy chain-specific antibody followed by passage over a molecular sieve high-performance liquid chromatography column. Peaks were collected and examined for immunoglobulin A, J chain and secretory component by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Saliva from users had three significantly larger peaks (3-4 fold) at 280 nm than non-users, confirming the presence of a higher concentration of immunoglobulin A in users. The secretory component/J chain and secretory component/immunoglobulin A ratios for the largest peak were significantly less in users. This indicates that smokeless tobacco has an effect on the ability of secretory component to bind to immunoglobulin A without a loss in antibody function. This may occur either prior to immunoglobulin A/J chain binding to secretory component receptors on secretory epithelial cells or internal to the epithelial cells. These studies provide further evidence for the role of secretory component in mucosal immunity.
Bacterial amyloids promote type I interferon production and accelerate autoimmunity (BA3P.206)

Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Curli is a bacterial amyloid that serves as a component of enteric bacterial biofilms. Patients are exposed to curli during urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and sepsis. Here we studied the immune response to curli amyloids in the context of murine SLE. We found that curli amyloids from bacterial cultures contain abundant nucleic acids and that exogenous DNA enhances amyloid fibrillization. Bone marrow-derived myeloid DCs strongly respond to curli-DNA composites, producing large quantities of IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10. Curli potently induces expression of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated genes. Using both natural and synthetic curli, we found that curli and nucleic acids synergize to activate DCs. Young, pre-disease lupus-prone NZBW-F1 mice injected i.p. with nucleic acid-containing curli produce high titers of anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin autoantibodies within 2 weeks of the first injection, much earlier than mice treated with PBS. In conclusion, the bacterial amyloid curli contains nucleic acids which are integral to the immune response to bacterial biofilms. Curli is a potent activator of dendritic cells and can rapidly accelerate autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice. This work suggests that nucleic acid-containing bacterial amyloids are an important environmental trigger for lupus and that curli injection may be a novel method to accelerate murine lupus.
Why Did Non-Dividend Paying Firms Benefit More from the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut? Evidence from SEOs

This paper shows that for a sample of firms offering SEOs non dividend paying firms experienced larger valuation gains from the 2003 dividend tax cut as compared to dividend paying firms. Using a growth option valuation framework, our findings indicate that the growth option revaluation benefited the non dividend paying firms more. In particular, the book leverage exhibited a significant increase in the valuation of the option for non dividend paying firms, but not for dividend paying firms. The finding is consistent with theories of optimal leverage which contend debt reduces costs of overinvestment.
Notoph Gauge Theory as Hodge Theory

In the framework of an extended BRST formalism, it is shown that the four $(3 + 1)$-dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form (notoph) gauge theory presents an example of a tractable field theoretical model for the Hodge theory.
Biochemical Responses and Altered Genetic Expression Patterns in Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug ex P. Laws) Grown Under Elevated CO2

Biochemical and gene expression changes in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 were investigated in five maternal half-sibling breeding families of Ponderosa pine. Seedlings were grown in a common garden located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in open-topped chambers (OTC) for two years. Chamber atmospheres were maintained at ambient, ambient + 175 μL L−1 CO2, or ambient + 350 μL L−1CO2. Growth measurements showed significant increases in stem volumes and volume enhancement ratios in three of the five families studied when grown under elevated CO2. Biochemical and gene expression studies were undertaken to gain a mechanistic understanding of these phenotypic responses. Biochemical studies focused on sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) specific activities at increased CO2 levels. Kinetic evaluations of SPS showed an increase in VMax. Specific SPS probes revealed increases in the transcriptional levels of one SPS gene with exposure to increasing CO2. RT-PCR differential gene displays showed that overall only a small fraction of visualized gene transcripts responded to elevated CO2 (8–10%). There were also significant differences between the gene expression patterns of the different families, some of which correlated with alterations in growth at elevated CO2 levels.
Semantic Expansion of Service Descriptions

Recently, the market of information technologies has witnessed the explosive interest in Web services (WS), which provide several critical characteristics for development of enterprise information systems. The WS discovery, aiming in finding services meeting user's request, is an open problem yet since most of the current works both centered in syntactic (like UDDI) and semantic service descriptions, focus on finding a service with an exact match, which is not always possible. This paper presents two algorithms inspired in the query expansion of Web search engines, which expand client service descriptions (specified in OWL-S) to similar service descriptions, extending the matching types to exact, leftover and missing information. These algorithms are further used for dynamic service composition. The proposed model works with the current syntactic UDDI systems. Described algorithms are illustrated by example. The characteristics of the algorithms are studied grounded in analysis of WS and ontologies to calculate the number of service descriptions generated by the algorithm, according to a user request.
A fault coverage-driven partial scan chain selection technique

Scan based design is a very popular approach to sequential circuit testing. Full scan designs often involve significant hardware and performance overheads. Partial scan design, with it's low overhead, offers an alternative to the full scan design. The main problem in partial scan design is minimizing the magnitude of the set of flip-flops to be included in the scan chain. In the past, many solutions to this problem have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a fault coverage driven solution to this problem. Unlike existing techniques, our solution is targeted towards achieving 100% fault coverage while minimizing the set of flip-flops to be included in the scan chain. >
Frequent Participation in Service Learning: Examining Institutional Differences and Individual Benefits

This chapter examines the differences between institutions with high and low levels of involvement in service learning as well as the differences between students with high and low levels of involvement. The study shows a correlation between institutional organization and service-learning emphasis and describes, at the student level, correlations between service-learning involvement and both deep approaches to learning and self-reported gains.
Use of objective testing in the diagnosis of work-related asthma by physician specialty.

Background Although early and accurate diagnosis of work-related asthma is critical to avoid unnecessary medical, legal, social, and economic consequences, little is currently known about the diagnostic practices of physicians treating workers with work-related asthma. Objective To characterize the use of objective diagnostic testing for work-related asthma by physician specialty. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative evaluation was conducted of 301 workers' compensation claimants with work-related asthma. Results A few claimants (36.9%) were treated by specialists in work-related asthma (allergists, pulmonologists, or occupational medicine physicians) either initially or through the course of their claim. Workers with occupational asthma were more likely to have seen a specialist than those with work-aggravated asthma (47.9% vs 23.0%; P P Conclusions The results of this study point to the lack of appropriate diagnostic care received by workers with work-related asthma. Physicians who may have questions about diagnostic procedures should consider referral to a specialist. The development of referral networks for work-related asthma may be warranted and should be explored.
On phase transitions with bulk, interfacial, and boundary Energy

Consider a fluid which has free energy1 ψ(u) a prescribed function of density u, and which occupies a fixed container Ω, with Ω a bounded, open region in ℝ N .
GROWTH OF TISSUE CULTURE ON CROSS-LINKED GELATIN.

Abstract Selected primary and secondary cell cultures were initiated and propagated on a cross-linked gelatin. Cell counts, cytology, and day-to-day experience suggested that this method is valuable to laboratories depending on plasma clot, reconstituted collagen or gelfoam technics. A variety of solutes can be incorporated into the gel, which is sterilized by steam after it has been set. The method permits simple, rapid manufacture of a versatile, reproducible substrate.
Epiluminescence videomicroscopy: Black dots and brown globules revisited by stripping the stratum corneum

Background: The pattern and distribution of several elementary structures, such as black dots and brown globules, observed by epiluminescence microscopy (ELM) are valuable to the diagnosis of pigmented lesions. Black dots are considered to be focal accumulations of melanin in the stratum corneum, and brown globules are thought to be clusters of nevocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. Because of their distinct locations within the layers of the skin, black dots might be removed by stripping of the stratum corneum whereas brown globules should not. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of ELM features to identify brown globules and black dots and to analyze the relation of these structures within the pigmented network. Method: The distribution and number of black dots and brown globules from 27 benign melanocytic lesions were analyzed by videomicroscopy before and after a stripping procedure. Several lesions were observed for months to see whether the pattern before stripping is reconstituted. Results: Before stripping, 549 black dots and 214 brown globules were identified by means of three criteria: color, contour, and size. Ninety-eight percent of black dots were superimposed on the gridlines of the pigmented network. Stripping removed 56% of black dots and only 10% of brown globules. Eighty-two percent of the black dots that could be stripped were superimposed on the gridlines of the pigmented network. On follow-up, both black dots and brown globule-like structures previously removed by stripping were restored at their initial locations within a few months after stripping. Conclusion: The close association of black dots with the gridlines of pigmented network should be taken as one criterion to identify black dots. Half the structures identified as black dots by ELM are not localized in the stratum corneum but rather correspond to vertical stacking of pigment within the epidermis. Accumulation of melanosomes in the stratum comeum may take the appearance of brown globules.
Glucocorticoid receptor-promoter interactions: energetic dissection suggests a framework for the specificity of steroid receptor-mediated gene regulation.

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the steroid receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. A number of studies have shown that steroid receptors regulate distinct but overlapping sets of genes; however, the molecular basis for such specificity remains unclear. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that under identical solution conditions, three other steroid receptors [the progesterone receptor A isoform (PR-A), the progesterone receptor B isoform (PR-B), and estrogen receptor α (ER-α)] differentially partition their self-association and promoter binding energetics. For example, PR-A and PR-B generate similar dimerization free energies but differ significantly in their extents of intersite cooperativity. Conversely, ER-α maintains an intersite cooperativity most comparable to that of PR-A yet dimerizes with an affinity orders of magnitude greater than that of either of the PR isoforms. We have speculated that these differences serve to generate receptor-specific pr...
Current understanding of phase separation mechanisms in branching conduits

Abstract This paper presents a summary of the state-of-the-art in our understanding of phase separation in branching conduits. The currently existing data base and analytical models are reviewed, and the “lessons learned” are summarized. It is shown that no completely satisfactory model exists for the prediction of phase separation in conduits of untested geometry and/or operating conditions. Nevertheless, based on our current understanding, an interim model is proposed.
Comments considered harmful

Many beginning computer science students are reluctant to comment their work. They see comments as a waste of time at best. This paper examines how this attitude arises and presents some strategies to change this attitude before it's too late.
Sensitivity of flow rate prediction through low aspect ratio RC shear walls due to variable mesh selection

Abstract In this paper, the sensitivity of numerical flow rate estimations through low aspect ratio reinforced concrete shear walls is presented. Flow rate is calculated based on the method proposed in an earlier paper by the authors. Four model walls with aspect ratios of 0.5, 0.67, 1.0 and 1.5 are constructed, with meshes ranging from 1 in. × 1 in. to 12 in. × 12 in. in size. It is found that the estimated flow rate is sensitive to the mesh size adopted in the finite element model and the crack spacing assumption. Among these two factors, the crack spacing plays the most significant role. An interpolation technique is introduced to improve the estimation. Results using this technique indicate that a consistent flow rate can be obtained when the mesh size equals several times that of the maximum aggregate size.
Response of Plants to Air Pollutants. III. A Relation between Ascorbic Acid Levels and Ozone Susceptibility of Light-Preconditioned Tobacco Plants

The effects of prefumigation light regimes on plants indicate that light modifies the response of plants to ozone. Taylor et al. (11) reported that ozone injury to Pinto bean was reduced when plants were grown at the higher level of 2 light intensities. Menser et al. (7) found that ozone damage to tobacco plants was diminished by an extended 22-hour photoperiod immediately before fumigation. Ascorbic acid is known to protect plants from ozone and other oxidizing agents. Freebairn (3) increased the tolerance of Pinto bean plants to ozone either by supplying ascorbic acid to the roots or by foliar applications. Freebairn and Taylor (4) made tissue analysis of smog-sensitive plants sprayed with ascorbic acid. They found that concentrations of ascorbic acid in the leaves increased and resulted in partial to complete protection from air-pollution injury. This paper presents results of a study to determine the effects of light preconditioning on ascorbic acid levels in tobacco plants; and the relation of ascorbic acid levels to ozone injury of 2 tobacco varieties, one resistant and the other sensitive to ozone. Ascorbic acid concentrations reported represent the excess formed in synthesis over that utilized in metabolism. The results show that light preconditioning caused notable differences in ascorbic acid levels. These differences were associated with changes in the degree of ozone injury.
A Comparison of Bacterial Growth in Milk and in Milk-Water Combinations

Summary Bacterial development in milk and in four milk-water combinations was studied by inoculating autoclaved samples with raw milk or pure cultures and making plate counts after incubation at 32° C. In the raw milk inoculum experiments, the counts recorded after 6 hr. of incubation were variable. However, there was a trend toward higher counts in certain milk-water combinations than in undiluted milk. With six pure cultures, after 6 hr. of incubation, counts tended to be higher in certain milk-water combinations than in undiluted milk, except for one culture. The increases always followed some type of a curvilinear trend and were statistically significant compared to zero dilution with two cultures, of near significance with a third, and nonsignificant with two others. With the remaining culture (Streptococcus lactis), counts decreased significantly with each succeeding increment of water dilution. After 24 hr. of incubation, none of the counts from milk-water combinations was significantly higher than in undiluted milk. In all cases after 6 hr. of incubation, and in all but one after 24 hr. of incubation, counts on samples containing 98% water were markedly lower than on undiluted milk. Presumably, the addition of certain amounts of water to milk created more suitable conditions for initial development of some bacterial species than was provided in undiluted milk.
Incidence of hip osteonecrosis among renal transplantation recipients: a prospective study.

Abstract AIM: To investigate whether a lessened glucocorticoid cumulative dose would lead to a decreased incidence of femoral head osteonecrosis. METHODS: Newly transplanted in-patients ( n =49) underwent hip radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a mean of 17.0±4.3 (range 8–29) days after renal transplantation. For the 48 patients without evidence of prevalent osteonecrosis, imaging at a mean of 5.9±0.8 (range 4.8–8.7) months after renal transplantation was graded for presence/absence of femoral head osteonecrosis by two blinded radiologists. Sociodemographic and disease characteristics of patients were compared to identify potential associations with incident osteonecrosis. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, only two patients (4%) had osteonecrosis of the femoral head (three hips). The two primary radiologists had excellent agreement between osteonecrosis diagnosis (kappa coefficient=0.78). Both cases of a definite MRI diagnosis of osteonecrosis occurred in patients who were in the highest tertile of glucocorticoid dosage. CONCLUSION: Osteonecrosis was uncommon among a prospective cohort of renal transplant recipients within 6 months after engraftment.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Bovine Aorta and its Elastin

Blood vessels are complex organs with hierarchical ultrastructures. Different kinds of structural supporting fibers, such as collagen and elastin fibers, are cross-linked in a three-dimensional manner to provide stiffness of the tissue. Elastin networks endow blood vessels critical mechanical properties, and are essential to accommodate deformations encountered during physiological functions. Many Pathological conditions involve significant changes in elastin. Therefore it is important to fully characterize and understand the mechanical properties of aorta and its elastin networks. Here we studied, both experimentally and theoretically, the mechanical responses of bovine aorta and its elastin under biaxial loading.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Total Syntheses of (+)-Lyconadin A and (−)-Lyconadin B

The enantioselective syntheses of (+)-lyconadin A and (−)-lyconadin B are described. Key bond constructions include a strategy-level intramolecular aldol/conjugate addition cascade, an olefin amino...
Modeling of Non-Monotonic Hysteresis Behavior in VO2-Coated Microactuators

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a thermally induced solid-to-solid phase transition. A VO2-coated silicon cantilever demonstrates large change in its bending curvature across its phase transition. Due to phase transition and thermal expansion effects, the curvature – temperature hysteresis in VO2 actuators comes with a non-monotonic hysteretic behavior, introducing new challenges in its modeling. Motivated by the underlying physics, in this paper we present a novel model that combines a monotonic Preisach hysteresis operator with a linear operator. A constrained least square scheme is proposed to estimate the model parameters. For comparison purposes, we also consider a Preisach operator with a signed weighting function, and a hybrid model consisting of a monotonic Preisach operator for the curvature within the transition and linear operators outside the transition. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Oxygen annealing of copper: A review

Abstract Annealing in the presence of a reduced pressure of oxygen is a useful technique for significantly decreasing the low temperature electrical resistivity of copper. The same technique is sometimes used on dilute alloys to produce dispersion hardening by the formation of oxide particles. This paper reviews the literature on the oxidation process in copper. Particular emphasis is on oxidation to decrease electrical resistivity, but brief discussions are also presented of oxide dispersion hardening and chemisorption. Decreased low temperature resistivities obtained in other metals and with other gases are also discussed.
Computer simulation of nonlinear coupling of high-power microwaves with slots

Numerical calculations are used to determine the effects of air breakdown on the coupling of intense microwave pulses passing through enclosed slot apertures. The calculations are based on Maxwell's equations and a set of electron-fluid equations. Variations in the energies of microwaves transmitted through slot apertures as a function of incident-field intensity and aperture size are addressed. Results show that air-breakdown threshold energies in apertures have a functional dependence on pressure similar to that of air-breakdown threshold energies in the atmosphere. >
Role of pseudouridine in structural rearrangements of helix 69 during bacterial ribosome assembly.

As part of the central core domain of the ribosome, helix 69 of 23S rRNA participates in an important intersubunit bridge and contacts several protein translation factors. Helix 69 is believed to play key roles in protein synthesis. Even though high-resolution crystal structures of the ribosome exist, the solution dynamics and roles of individual nucleotides in H69 are still not well-defined. To better understand the influence of modified nucleotides, specifically pseudouridine, on the multiple conformational states of helix 69 in the context of 50S subunits and 70S ribosomes, chemical probing analyses were performed on wild-type and pseudouridine-deficient bacterial ribosomes. Local structural rearrangements of helix 69 upon ribosomal subunit association and interactions with its partner, helix 44 of 16S rRNA, are observed. The helix 69 conformational states are also magnesium-dependent. The probing data presented in this study provide insight into the functional role of helix 69 dynamics and regulation ...
Another look at the invariance principle for wave operators

We give a new proof of the invariance principle for wave operators based on certain well-known properties of Calderon commutators. This method extends the invariance principle to a larger class of admissible functions. In particular, admissible functions need not be monotonic on any interval.
THE MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL AS ARBITRATOR IN POST‐DIVORCE CHILD‐ORIENTED CONFLICT

This article explores arbitration as a viable method of dispute resolution that is infrequently used in divorce-related conflicts. The focus is on the use of mental health professionals, who have specific training and experience, to assess issues and make binding decisions in disputes that involve children. A case example highlights some of the issues in this form of arbitration. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration compared to adjudication follows. The use of arbitration would seem particularly helpful in instances of chronic post-divorce child-related conflicts.
Effect of Housing on In Situ Postures of Gestating Gilts

Abstract Twelve cross-bred gilts were blocked by breeding dates and randomly assigned to one of four treatments, tethers (T), crates (C), loose stalls (LS) or dirtlot (DL), for each of three replications ( N = 36). Behavior was time-lapse video-recorded for 48-h observation periods commencing on Days 0, 7 and 63. Lying was the most frequent activity for all treatments over all observation periods (ranging from 65 to 90% of the observation periods). Gilts were up (includes standing and locomotion) for 10–33% of the observation periods, and spent 2% or less of the time sitting. Over all observation periods, the T and C gilts were up less, lay down more, lay for longer periods and changed their lying position more frequently. These findings may reflect the relative difficulty of getting up and lying down in these facilities. Time trends occurred from Day 0 to Day 65 which generally reflected fewer changes of position for all treatments. This reduction in position changes may be indicative of adjustment to their respective housing treatments and/or advancing pregnancies.
Intramolecular CH Insertion Reactions of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Rhenium Alkynylcarbene Complexes

Thermolysis of the alkynylcarbene complex Cp*(CO)2ReC(Ph)13C⋮13CTol (5) at 120 °C resulted in rapid equilibration (t1/2 = 33 min) to a 1:1 mixture of 5 and Cp*(CO)2Re13C(Tol)13C⋮CPh (7) via a [1,3]-rhenium shift. Extended thermolysis of this mixture provided the CH insertion products {η5:η2-[C5(CH3)4CH213CH(Tol)13C⋮CPh]}Re(CO)2 (8) and {η5:η2-[C5(CH3)4CH2CH(Ph)13C⋮13CTol]}Re(CO)2 (9). Thermolysis of the symmetrically substituted alkynylcarbene complex Cp*(CO)2ReC(Ph)C⋮CPh (6) produced the CH insertion product {η5:η2-[C5(CH3)4CH2CH(Ph)C⋮CPh]}Re(CO)2 (10). The CH insertion of Cp*(CO)2ReC(Ph)C⋮CC6D5 (6-HD) was monitored at low conversion before complete equilibration with Cp*(CO)2ReC(C6D5)C⋮CPh (6-DH) occurred. An excess of {η5:η2-[C5(CH3)4CH2CH(C6D5)C⋮CPh]}Re(CO)2 (13-HD) over {η5:η2-[C5(CH3)4CH2CH(Ph)C⋮CC6D5]}Re(CO)2 (13-DH) provides evidence for site-selective CH insertion of the remote alkyne carbon into the CH bond of a Cp* methyl group.
Goal gradient during acquisition, partial reinforcement, and extinction of a five part response chain)

Seventeen rats were trained to turn 5 wheels in sequence in order to obtain water reinforcement. During acquisition, rate of wheel turning increased as Ss approached the goal. During the partial reinforcement phase, the shape of the performance gradient remained about the same. However, a general increase was noted at every wheel except the one closest to the goal. During the extinction phase, the Ss stopped responding most quickly to the wheels closest to the goal.
Prevention of bone and joint infections

The importance of preventing infections in bone and joint surgery is clear because of the devastating clinical and economic consequences. Prophylactic antibiotics have reduced the incidence of wound infection in surgery of noncompound hip fractures. Five studies of antibiotic prophylaxis in total hip replacement have concluded that prophylaxis has reduced the frequency of deep wound infection after surgery. The use of operating rooms supplied with ultra-clean air was also associated with a reduction in infection after insertion of a prosthetic joint. These studies suggest that ultra-clean air and antibiotic prophylaxis have independent and cumulative effects in preventing joint infection following surgery. Foci of infection elsewhere in the body can seed a prosthetic joint and, therefore, must be treated vigorously. However, there are no convincing data as to the potential risk to the prosthetic joint of procedures such as dental work or gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract manipulation. Currently, antibiotic prophylaxis for all patients with prosthetic joints about to undergo such procedures cannot be recommended.
The Hi agglutinogen of chickens: basis for cell transformations.

Investigations on the Hi substance, a red cell agglutinogen of chickens were continued. The objective was to understand the nature of the cyclic changes which red cells possessing the Hi substance undergo. It was postulated that in Hi birds the erythrocyte precursor cells possess the Hi agglutinogen; that binding of serum proteins to estrogen occurs in laying hens and in birds injected with estrogen and that the attachment of serum protein to the Hi sites of young cells results in non-reactive cells. Support for the hypothesis was obtained in a variety of tests. Red cells were found to be reactive with anti-chicken IgG in agglutination tests and red cells of estrogen injected birds were less reactive than non-injected birds. Young cells from a non-injected male were more reactive with Pisum arvense than the total red cell population with the converse the case with anti-IgG. It was also possible to inhibit the agglutinability of embryonic cells for Pisum arvense by coating such cells with plasma from the embryo's male parent. This coating can be inhibited by molecules that specifically inhibit the in vitro agglutination reaction with Pisum arvense, i.e., D-melezitose. The attachment of IgG therefore specific for Hi sites.
The constancy myth, the vocabulary of color perception, and the ATD04 model

Evidence is presented that colar constancy does not exist as a special phenomenon of human color vision. It is argued that results of experiments, as well as casual observations, which seem to illustrate color constancy, can be easily understood from basic facts about chromatic adaptation and simultaneous contrast. The argument is supported by (i) a critique of the famous Mondrian studies, (ii) the ATD model's predictions of the Mondrian data, and (iii) a summary of a demonstration experiment regarding Mondrian patterns. Concerning definitions of color concepts, it is noted that, in any field of science, definitions change according to theoretical advances, but the vocabulary of color vision has not. In particular, the ATD models of the past ten years or so suggest that some of the universally accepted and seemingly essential terms of color require re-examination.
In vitro mineralization by preosteoblasts in poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) inverse opal scaffolds reinforced with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.

Inverse opal scaffolds made of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) were fabricated using cubic-closed-packed (ccp) lattices of uniform gelatin microspheres as templates an...
The structure and evolution of slow mode shocks

The development and long time behavior of slow mode shocks is studied by means of computer simulation. It is shown that a well defined shock can be generated and maintained for hundreds of ion gyroperiods. The damping length of the trailing magnetic wavetrain increases with time toward the fluid limit. A population of ions with density a significant fraction of the upstream density is observed to flow back upstream from the shock along the magnetic field. The speed of these backstreaming ions relative to the upstream flow is about twice the Alfven speed, which may be sufficient to excite the right hand resonant electromagnetic ion beam instability.
Temporal and ontogenetic shifts in habitat use of juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

Abstract Habitat use of age-0 and age-1 juvenile Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) was examined in coastal regions in Kodiak Alaska over daily, seasonal and annual scales. Catch data indicated highly variable recruitment to nursery areas, but a strong separation of distribution by depth among age groups. Age-0 cod were most abundant in the shallows ( Eleginus gracilis ), another highly abundant gadid in the region, were found in shallower depths where age-0 cod often resided. Age-1 cod Pacific cod made diel lateral movements, moving into shallow regions at night where they co-occurred with age-0 cod to a greater extent. Laboratory light-gradient experiments indicated that age-0 cod tolerated intense lighting (~ 20–80 µE m − 2 s − 1 ) typical of shallow water regions whereas larger age-1 Pacific cod strongly avoid bright light given the choice. However, while diet data indicate age-1 cod of both species are moderately piscivorous (3% saffron cod; 16% Pacific cod), we found no direct evidence of predation on smaller conspecific cod, possibly due to the low densities of age-0 cod in the year of the diet study. Together, these data suggest that coastal regions continue to serve a nursery function beyond the 1st year of development for juvenile Pacific gadids, and that small-scale temporal and depth partitioning in these regions is a mechanism by which varying cod species and age classes co-occur.
Hybrid x-ray/MR system and other hybrid imaging modalities

The past few decades have seen phenomenal growth in medical imaging technologies and their impact in biomedicine. This trend will continue, and indeed expand with the development of new techniques. However, another development likely to have major importance is the development of systems offering combined modality imaging in the same platform. Such hybrids include PET/CT, PET/MRI, SPECT/CT, and x-ray/MR systems, and offer not only the convenience of access to multiple modalities in the same session, but more importantly, synergistic uses in which the combined modality is more than the simple sum of previous methods. A simple example is the use of CT data for attenuation correction in PET and SPECT imaging, which is greatly facilitated in a hybrid system. In our own work, we have developed a hybrid x-ray/MR system for image guided interventions. It brings together the high spatial and temporal resolution of x-ray fluoroscopy with the 3D imaging capabilities, soft tissue contrast, and sensitivity to physiological processes of MRI. System development required exploration of a number of interesting problems, including the effect of high magnetic fields on x-ray tubes. The system has been used for several diagnostic and minimally invasive applications, including biopsies, arthrograms, and TIPS procedures.
Secondary neutron spectrum from 250-MeV passively scattered proton therapy: measurement with an extended-range Bonner sphere system.

Purpose: Secondary neutrons are an unavoidable consequence of proton therapy. While the neutron dose is low compared to the primary proton dose, its presence and contribution to the patient dose is nonetheless important. The most detailed information on neutrons includes an evaluation of the neutron spectrum. However, the vast majority of the literature that has reported secondary neutron spectra in proton therapy is based on computational methods rather than measurements. This is largely due to the inherent limitations in the majority of neutron detectors, which are either not suitable for spectral measurements or have limited response at energies greater than 20 MeV. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to measure a secondary neutron spectrum from a proton therapy beam using a spectrometer that is sensitive to neutron energies over the entire neutron energy spectrum. Methods: The authors measured the secondary neutron spectrum from a 250-MeV passively scattered proton beam in air at a distance of 100 cm laterally from isocenter using an extended-range Bonner sphere (ERBS) measurement system. Ambient dose equivalent H*(10) was calculated using measured fluence and fluence-to-ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients. Results: The neutron fluence spectrum had a high-energy direct neutron peak, an evaporation peak, a thermal peak, and an intermediate energy continuum between the thermal and evaporation peaks. The H*(10) was dominated by the neutrons in the evaporation peak because of both their high abundance and the large quality conversion coefficients in that energy interval. The H*(10) 100 cm laterally from isocenter was 1.6 mSv per proton Gy (to isocenter). Approximately 35% of the dose equivalent was from neutrons with energies ≥20 MeV. Conclusions: The authors measured a neutron spectrum for external neutrons generated by a 250-MeV proton beam using an ERBS measurement system that was sensitive to neutrons over the entire energy range being measured, i.e., thermal to 250 MeV. The authors used the neutron fluence spectrum to demonstrate experimentally the contribution of neutrons with different energies to the total dose equivalent and in particular the contribution of high-energy neutrons (≥20 MeV). These are valuable reference data that can be directly compared with Monte Carlo and experimental data in the literature.
Testing software without requirements: Using development artifacts to develop test cases

SourceForge, the world’s largest development and download repository of open-source code and applications, hosts more than 114,500 projects with 1.3 million registered users at this writing. These applications are downloaded and used by millions across the globe. However, there is little evidence that any of these applications have been tested against a set of rigorous requirements and indeed, for most of these applications, it is likely that no requirements specification exists. How then, can one test this software? In this work an approach is presented to create a set of behavioral requirements to be used to develop test cases. These behavioral requirements were developed for a small number of projects derived from SourceForge using artifacts such as help files and software trails such as open and closed bug reports. These artifacts highlight implemented product features as well as expected behavior, which form the basis for what we term behavioral requirements. The behavioral requirements were then used to create test cases, which were exercised against the software. The contribution of this work is to demonstrate a viable technique for testing software when traditional requirements are unavailable or incomplete.
The Readability of Operations Research and Operations Management Textbooks

An important concern to any educator in the Decision Sciences field is the improvement of the teaching of his courses. One factor influencing the effectiveness of the learning process is the textbook chosen and its ability to convey to the student the principles of the subject. The purpose of this paper is to present a survey of the readability of Operations Research and Operations Management books currently widely used at universities throughout the country. The Flesch Reading Ease Score is employed to rank tests based on their authors' writing style. It is suggested that the readability index be considered as one factor in the textbook selection process.
Multicentric Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast in a 35-Year-Old Woman: Mammographic Appearance and the Use of Core Biopsy in Preoperative Management

: Core biopsy of the breast has been increasingly utilized as a first-line diagnostic approach for mammographic breast lesions, palpable breast lesions, or both. Core biopsy has been shown to be cost-effective in sparing a significant fraction of women an open surgical procedure and, in conjunction with radiologic imaging studies, can allow for planning of definitive therapy in women with malignant lesions (1–4). We present a case of multicentric secretory carcinoma of the breast in which the diagnosis was suggested by core biopsy. This case represents the first reported instance of core biopsy in secretory carcinoma, one of the rarest types of mammary carcinoma. We describe the mammographic appearance of the lesion, the appearance of the tissue core, and the use of core biopsy in the proper preoperative management of this rare, multicentric lesion.
Sorting of lipidated peptides in fluid bilayers: a molecular-level investigation.

Nearest-neighbor recognition (NNR) measurements have been made for two lipidated forms of GlyCys, interacting with analogues of cholesterol and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) in the liquid-ordered (lo) and liquid-disordered (ld) phases. Interaction free energies that have been determined from these measurements have been used in Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the distribution of the peptides between liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered regions. These simulations have shown that significant differences in the lipid chains have a very weak influence on the partitioning of the peptide between these two phases. They have also revealed an insensitivity of the peptide partition coefficient, Kp, to the size of the lo and ld domains that are present. In a broader context, these findings strongly suggest that the sorting of peripheral proteins in cellular membranes via differential lipidation may be more subtle than previously thought.