cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Land.Info: Interactive 3D Visualization for Public Space Design Ideation in Neighborhood Planning

In the contemporary practice of participatory neighborhood planning, planners leverage digital support tools with realistic, interactive 3D visualization to support perception processing and to increase engagement among diverse public stakeholders. However, capturing the aspirations of a community lacking design and planning expertise requires a more thorough evaluation and considered design of support tools. We present Land.Info, a proof-of-concept software that allows users to design open spaces with 3D visualization and see the subsequent costs and environmental consequences. To assess how the public engages in design discussion with 3D visualization, we organized three community design workshops for developing a vacant lot. We found that 3D visualization 1) promotes public ideation of user stories around objects, and 2) prohibits ideas beyond spatial design elements. Future research will investigate whether it is possible to aggregate more diverse public aspirations, whether or not visual realism sets expectations for designs, and the potential impacts of expanding the software user base for neighborhood planning cases.
Remediation of Visual Processing Impairments in Schizophrenia: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be

Visual perceptual deficits are well-established in schizophrenia and are related to poorer outcomes and functioning. Improvement in perceptual functioning with training has been reliably demonstrated in healthy populations, yet relatively few studies have examined approaches to targeting visual processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. This review summarizes recent literature investigating visual remediation in schizophrenia, identifies current limitations, and suggests directions for further research. Existing studies provide support for the remediation of visual processing impairments in schizophrenia and demonstrate that improvement occurs at low-level, mid-level, and higher-level stages of processing. These studies also suggest that improvements in visual processes may generalize to other visual perceptual and visual cognitive functions. These early findings are promising and demonstrate the effectiveness of visual remediation interventions in schizophrenia. However, more empirical research is needed to determine the effectiveness of current interventions, to develop new interventions, to isolate the relevant mechanisms of change, and to promote the generalization of gains to other functions.
Addition-spectrum oscillations in fractional quantum Hall dots

Quantum dots in the fractional quantum Hall regime are studied using a Hartree formulation of the composite fermion theory. Under appropriate conditions the chemical potential of the dots will oscillate periodically with $B$ due to the transfer of composite fermions between quasi-Landau bands. This effect is analogous to the addition spectrum oscillations that occur in quantum dots in the integer quantum Hall regime. Period ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$ oscillations are found in sharply confined dots with filling factors $\ensuremath{\nu}=2/5$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}=2/3.$ Period $3{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$ oscillations are found in a parabolically confined $\ensuremath{\nu}=2/5$ dot. More generally, we argue that the oscillation period of dots with band pinning should vary continuously with $B$ whereas the period of dots without band pinning is ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}.$ Finally, we discuss the possibility of detecting fractionally charged excitations using the observed period of addition spectrum oscillations.
Developing a new method for analyzing room acoustics based on auralization

Room modes are the resonances that result from generating a sound in a room. The sound coloration produced by these modes is often deemed problematic. Research in room acoustics continues to refine our means to control this coloration for reconciling visual and aural variables in architectural design. Alvin Lucier demonstrated the resonant frequencies of a room in his sound art piece “I am sitting in a room” by recording his speech in a space then playing the recording and re-recording it in the same room multiple times until the resonant frequencies of the room became dominant. Inspired by Lucier’s work, this research explores the possibilities that can emerge from replicating the same iterative process within a simulated framework. Accordingly, a room is modeled, an impulse response (IR) is generated and an auralization is created by convolving an anechoic recording with the IR. The output is then used as an input that is convolved again with the same IR. This method is similar to the method used in artificial reverberation to control the feedback loops of PA systems and is expected to advance room acoustic analysis. This paper discusses the benefits and limitations of the proposed method with possible applications.
“It sound like a paragraph to me”: The negotiation of writer identity in dialogic writing assessment

Abstract Though student writers work within socially-determined constraints on self-expression when writing for school purposes, they also have the power to reshape those constraints and thereby define an authorial identity. In this article we analyze data from three teacher-student conversations about student writing through the lens of figured worlds (Holland et al., 1998) to explore how these figured worlds are implicated in students’ positioning as contributing authors of their own work. In the first two cases, the teacher sustains the figured world of teacher-as-authority by failing to recognize students’ bids for authorship and resistance to teacher suggestions. The third case suggests an alternative figured world (Holland et al., 1998) of teacher-student relationships around writing: through repeated mitigated displays of authorship and resistance the student gains the teacher’s recognition for his contribution and thereby exercises control over his positioning as an author. Implications for student agency in writing instruction are discussed.
Between- and within-person contributions of simple reaction time to executive function skills in early childhood

Abstract This study tested whether the bivariate association between simple reaction time (SRT) and executive function (EF) performance that has been observed in early childhood represented a between- and/or within-person association. Up to three repeated assessments (i.e., fall, winter, and spring assessments from September to May) were available for 282 preschool-aged children (Mage = 4.2 years; 54% female) who participated in the Kids Activity and Learning Study. A series of three-level hierarchical linear models (repeated measures nested in child; child nested in classroom) was used to disaggregate the observed variation in EF and SRT into between-classroom, between-person, and within-person components. EF composite scores were regressed on two indicators of SRT, which reflected between- and within-child sources of variation, along with demographic covariates (child age, gender, and parental education). Both between-person (b = −21.2, p
The elephant and imperial continuities in North India, 1200–1600CE:

This paper builds on my earlier study of the relationship between the elephant and imperial sovereignty in north India, extending the argument from 1200 to 1600ce. The ritual and military use of th...
Apixaban versus No Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis with Incident Atrial Fibrillation

Background and objectives The relative efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with no anticoagulation have not been studied in patients on maintenance dialysis with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to determine whether apixaban is associated with better clinical outcomes compared with no anticoagulation in this population. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This retrospective cohort study used 2012–2015 US Renal Data System data. Patients on maintenance dialysis with incident, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with apixaban (521 patients) were matched for relevant baseline characteristics with patients not treated with any anticoagulant agent (1561 patients) using a propensity score. The primary outcome was hospital admission for a new stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), transient ischemic attack, or systemic thromboembolism. The secondary outcome was fatal or intracranial bleeding. Competing risk survival models were used. Results Compared with no anticoagulation, apixaban was not associated with lower incidence of the primary outcome: hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 2.23; P=0.47. A significantly higher incidence of fatal or intracranial bleeding was observed with apixaban compared with no treatment: hazard ratio, 2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.47; P=0.004. A trend toward fewer ischemic but more hemorrhagic strokes was seen with apixaban compared with no treatment. No significant difference in the composite outcome of myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke was seen with apixaban compared with no treatment. Compared with no anticoagulation, a significantly higher rate of the primary outcome and a significantly higher incidence of fatal or intracranial bleeding and of hemorrhagic stroke were seen in the subgroup of patients treated with the standard apixaban dose (5 mg twice daily) but not in patients who received the reduced apixaban dose (2.5 mg twice daily). Conclusions In patients with kidney failure and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, treatment with apixaban was not associated with a lower incidence of new stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic thromboembolism but was associated with a higher incidence of fatal or intracranial bleeding.
The anatomy of exhumed river‐channel belts: Bedform to belt-scale river kinematics of the Ruby Ranch Member, Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA

Many published interpretations of ancient fluvial systems have relied on observations of extensive outcrops of thick successions. This paper, in contrast, demonstrates that a regional understanding of paleoriver kinematics, depositional setting, and sedimentation rates can be interpreted from local sedimentological measurements of bedform and barform strata. Dune and bar strata, channel planform geometry, and bed topography are measured within exhumed fluvial strata exposed as ridges in the Ruby Ranch Member of the Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA. The ridges are composed of lithified stacked channel belts, representing at least 5 or 6 reoccupations of a single-strand channel. Lateral sections reveal well-preserved barforms constructed of subaqueous dune cross sets. The topography of paleobarforms is preserved along the top surface of the outcrops. Comparisons of the channel-belt centerline to local paleotransport directions indicate channel planform geometry was preserved through the re-occupations, rather than being obscured by lateral migration. Rapid avulsions preserved the state of the active channel bed and its individual bars at the time of abandonment. Inferred minimum sedimentation durations for the preserved elements, inferred from cross-set thickness distributions and assumed bedform migration rates, vary within a belt from one to ten days. Using only these local sedimentological measurements, the depositional setting is interpreted as a fluvial megafan, given the similarity in river kinematics. This paper provides a systematic methodology for the future synthesis of vertical and planview data, including the drone-equipped 2020 Mars Rover mission to exhumed fluvial and deltaic strata.
Compressible Large Eddy Simulation Using Unstructured Grid: Supersonic Boundary Layer

A Mach 3 adiabatic turbulent boundary layer is studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The filtered compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved on a three-dimensional unstructured grid of tetrahedral cells. A compressible extension of the method of Lund is developed to generate the inflow conditions. Different tests on subgrid scale model and grid refinements are studied. The friction velocity predicted is accurate within a few percent; profiles of Reynolds shear and normal stresses are in good agreement with experimental data as well. The objective of this preliminary study is to assess the capability of the unstructured compressible LES method.
Congenital Cervical Tethered Spinal Cord in Adults: Recognition, Surgical Technique, and Literature Review.

Objective Recognition of congenital tethered cervical cord in adults and literature review. Methods Retrospective review of adult onset tethered cervical cord patients (age >20 years). Results Three adults were identified; 2 women and 1 man, average age 47 years. The presenting symptoms were neck pain with restricted movement (3), quadriparesis (2), and sensory changes (2). Hyperreflexia was present in all three. Bony abnormalities were mainly bifid cervical spinous processes (3), with Klippel-Feil abnormalities in 1. The neurocutaneous stigmata was seen in 2. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed “limited dorsal myeloschisis” in all 3 patients. The dorsal aspect of the cervical cord extruded into the tract leading to the surface. Conclusions Neurocutaneous stigmata should not be considered benign. A missed clinical diagnosis was apparent in all 3 patients; 2 of whom underwent surgery with excellent results. Magnetic resonance imaging can identify the abnormal cervical cord protruding towards the “sinus tract” and allow planning to avert injury to the spinal cord during release.
Nanobodies in cancer.

Abstract For treatment and diagnosis of cancer, antibodies have proven their value and now serve as a first line of therapy for certain cancers. A unique class of antibody fragments called nanobodies, derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, are gaining increasing acceptance as diagnostic tools and are considered also as building blocks for chimeric antigen receptors as well as for targeted drug delivery. The small size of nanobodies (∼15 kDa), their stability, ease of manufacture and modification for diverse formats, short circulatory half-life, and high tissue penetration, coupled with excellent specificity and affinity, account for their attractiveness. Here we review applications of nanobodies in the sphere of tumor biology.
Pathways to Well-being among LGBT adults: Sociopolitical Involvement, Family Support, Outness, and Community Connectedness with Race/Ethnicity as a Moderator

People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender (LGBT) experience disparate levels of psychological distress due to marginalization, yet there are also opportunities for community connectedness and sociopolitical involvement in identify-specific issues and organizations, which may improve psychological well-being. This study contributes to intersectional research on LGBT psychological well-being by locating LGBT community connectedness as a mediator of the associations between well-being and (a) LGBT sociopolitical involvement and (b) being out as LGBT among a sample of predominately LGBT-identified adults in the United States and Puerto Rico (n = 4940) across four racial/ethnic identity groups: non-Hispanic Black, Latinx/Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and other races/ethnicities. Analyses revealed that separate models were operating across racial/ethnic identity groups. Path analysis further showed that LGBT community connectedness mediated (either partially or fully) the effects of both LGBT sociopolitical involvement and outness on well-being. Direct effects on well-being were also found for family support across all groups and for outness only among the non-Hispanic White and other races/ethnicities groups. Community leaders and practitioners should seek to create opportunities for LGBT sociopolitical involvement and other activities that may facilitate feeling connected to LGBT community as part of efforts to promote LGBT well-being.
Is PROTAC technology really a game changer for central nervous system drug discovery

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases affect a large portion of the population, however, few therapeutic options are available. Furthermore, to date, clinical trials have been largely unsuccessful due to difficulty in targeting the undruggable, toxic proteins that underly many CNS disorders. PROteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) are a rapidly emerging technology that has been proposed as a potential treatment option for various CNS diseases by hijacking the endogenous protein degradation process.Areas Covered: Herein, the authors discuss how the application of PROTACs may be beneficial in the treatment of major CNS diseases. They further discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of using PROTACs in the CNS, focusing on potential limitations such as their transient nature, localization, blood-brain barrier permeability and proteasome dysfunction.Expert opinion: It is evident that PROTACs have significant potential as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of CNS diseases and there is preliminary evidence suggesting that PROTACs could be successful in a clinical setting. Nevertheless, numerous limitations exist that must be overcome before this technology can be applied as a successful therapeutic for CNS disorders. Importantly, more in vivo studies are needed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using PROTACs in the brain.
Synthesis and characterization of an iridium–bismuth metallaheterocycle

Abstract Heavy atom metallaheterocycles are an emerging family of new complexes that exhibit new structures and interesting chemical properties. In this work, the iridium–bismuth heterocyclic complex, [Ir4(CO)10(μ-BiPh2)(μ-H)]2, 1 has been obtained from the reaction of [PPN][HIr4(CO)11] with Ph2BiCl. Compound 1 was structurally characterized and was found to contain two centrosymmetrically-related Ir4(CO)10(μ-H) clusters linked by two bridging BiPh2 ligands positioned on opposite sides of a planar six-membered Ir4Bi2 ring.
Bloodborne pathogens: Occupational risk and infection control in radiology

Infection control regulations are designed to minimize the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the healthcare setting. Vaccinations, use of personal protective gear, proper handling and disposal of sharp instruments, education and training, and appropriate waste disposal are all important components of current regulations. If exposure to a bloodborne pathogen occurs or is suspected, an assessment of risk should be performed after appropriate first aid measures have been taken. Serologic testing, postexposure prophylaxis, and counseling are recommended in addition. Adherence to current regulations should increase the safety of medical procedures for patients and healthcare workers alike.
Iron supplementation of breastfed infants

Reported here are three studies performed with the objective of finding ways to improve the iron status of breastfed infants and to prevent iron deficiency (ID). Participating infants were exclusively breastfed until 4 months of age; thereafter, they could receive complementary foods and, in some studies, supplemental formula. In the first study, infants were given medicinal iron between the ages of 1 and 5.5 months. During this period, iron status improved and ID was prevented; however, these benefits did not continue after the intervention ceased. In the second study, infants received medicinal iron or an equivalent amount of iron from an iron-fortified cereal between the ages of 4 and 9 months. Again, iron supplementation largely prevented ID from occurring, while non-anemic ID and ID anemia occurred in the control group as well as in the intervention groups before the intervention began. In the third study, infants received dry cereals fortified with electrolytic iron or with ferrous fumarate between the ages of 4 and 9 months. The cereals were equally effective in providing relative protection from ID. The results of these three studies indicate it is possible to protect breastfed infants from ID and IDA.
np-->dγ for big-bang nucleosynthesis

The cross section for $n\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}d\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is calculated at energies relevant to big-bang nucleosynthesis using the recently developed effective field theory that describes the two-nucleon sector. The $E1$ amplitude is computed up to ${\mathrm{N}}^{3}\mathrm{LO}$ and depends only upon nucleon-nucleon phase shift data. In contrast, the $M1$ contribution is computed up to next-to-leading order, and the four-nucleon-one-magnetic-photon counterterm that enters is determined by the cross section for cold neutron capture. The uncertainty in the calculation for nucleon energies up to $E\ensuremath{\sim}1\mathrm{MeV}$ is estimated to be $\ensuremath{\lesssim}4%.$
Basal and Histamine-Induced Gastric Acid and Pepsin Secretion in the Conscious Miniature Pig

Basal (interdigestive) and histamine-induced gastric secretion was studied in 6 young miniature swine prepared with gastric fistulas and chronic intravenous catheters. The pigs secreted acid and pepsin in the basal state; the pattern of secretion was spontaneously variable. Intravenously administered histamine stimulated both acid and pepsin secretion. One to two micrograms of histamine (base) per kg of body weight per min produced a maximal acid output of 1.3 to 1.4 mEq per kg per hr, which had a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.86, P
Geriatric fracture centers—improved patient care and economic benefits

The world's population is aging resulting in changes in the way we manage geriatric care. Furthermore, this population has a considerable risk of fragility fractures, most notably hip fractures. Hip fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and have large economic consequences. It is due to these factors that the concept of an elderly trauma center was developed. These trauma centers utilize the expertise in orthopedic and geriatric disciplines to provide coordinated care to the elderly hip fracture patient. As a result, studies have demonstrated improvements in clinical outcomes within the hospital stay, a reduction in iatrogenic complications, and improvements in 1-year mortality rates compared to the usual care given at a similar facility. Furthermore, economic models have demonstrated that there is a role for regionalized hip fracture centers that can be both profitable and provide more efficient care to these patients.
Onychomycosis: Health-related quality of life considerations

The symptoms of onychomycosis and their impact on personal appearance are important determinants of patients' perceptions of their own health. The effect of onychomycosis is greater on psychosocial than physical functioning and is directly related to the extent of nail involvement. This review identified a number of disease-targeted questionnaires that have been developed to assess the impact of onychomycosis and its treatment on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). The instruments differ considerably in the extent to which they have been psychometrically tested. Most have been shown to provide both valid and reliable measurement of HR-QOL in patients with onychomycosis of the toes. However, not all have been tested in patients with fingernail disease. The generic and disease-targeted scales of most of the available questionnaires exhibit poor variability, which may limit their responsiveness to clinically important change. Only one instrument, the Onychomycosis Disease-Specific Questionnaire, has been incorporated into a clinical trial. Thus, information relating to the impact of onychomycosis treatment on HR-QOL is limited. Future efforts should focus on the systematic evaluation of existing questionnaires in all populations for which they were developed. In addition, it is important that disease-targeted measures be included in future clinical trials so that a better understanding of the impact of onychomycosis treatment on patient HR-QOL may be gained.
Polyglutamine Repeat Length-Dependent Proteolysis of Huntingtin

Amino-terminal fragments of huntingtin, which contain the expanded polyglutamine repeat, have been proposed to contribute to the pathology of Huntington's disease (HD). Data supporting this claim have been generated from patients with HD in which truncated amino-terminal fragments forming intranuclear inclusions have been observed, and from animal and cell-based models of HD where it has been demonstrated that truncated polyglutamine-containing fragments of htt are more toxic than full-length huntingtin. We report here the identification of a region within huntingtin, spanning from amino acids 63 to 111, that is cleaved in cultured cells to generate a fragment of similar size to those observed in patients with HD. Importantly, proteolytic cleavage within this region appears dependent upon the length of the polyglutamine repeat within huntingtin, with pathological polyglutamine repeat-containing huntingtin being more efficiently cleaved than huntingtin containing polyglutamine repeats of nonpathological size.
Geometric mean computer and its use with transition radiation experiments

Abstract An analog device to compute a geometric mean value of independent signals from a large number of multiwire proportional chambers has been designed and operated. This device is useful in reducing the “Landau” tail in the ionization energy loss distribution of a charged particle and in separating different particles at very high energies.
Long-Term Outcomes of Post-Thrombolytic Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an infrequent complication of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for the treatment of acute stroke. However, such ICH is an important reason for withdrawal of care because of lack of adequate data regarding long-term patient outcomes.
Using geographic information systems and spatial and space-time scan statistics for a population-based risk analysis of the 2002 equine West Nile epidemic in six contiguous regions of Texas

Background In 2002, West Nile virus (WNV) first appeared in Texas. Surveillance data were retrospectively examined to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of the Texas equine WNV epidemic in 2002. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Spatial and Space-Time Scan (SaTScan) statistics, we analyzed 1421 of the reported equine WNV cases from six contiguous state Health Service Regions (HSRs), comprising 158 counties, in western, northern, central and eastern Texas.
Language attitudes in the employment interview

This research examined effects upon employment decisions of an interviewee's speech characteristics, as displayed in job interviews. The hypothesis behind this study was that an applicant's speech characteristics affect hiring decisions in ways which could be separated from influences due to the applicant's ethnicity.
Rapid alignment of schlieren and interference optics in the analytical ultracentrifuge.

Abstract A systematic procedure is described for the complete alignment of the refractometric optical system of the Beckman analytical ultracentrifuge.
Treatment of supraventricular tachycardias in the new millennium--drugs or radiofrequency catheter ablation?

Supraventricular tachycardias are a cause of significant morbidity in children. Newer anti-arrhythmic drugs and the invention of radiofrequency catheter ablation have revolutionised anti-arrhythmic therapy in children.
Mechanisms Underlying Food-Drug Interactions: Inhibition of Intestinal Metabolism and Transport

Food–drug interaction studies are critical to evaluate appropriate dosing, timing, and formulation of new drug candidates. These interactions often reflect prandial-associated changes in the extent and/or rate of systemic drug exposure. Physiologic and physicochemical mechanisms underlying food effects on drug disposition are well-characterized. However, biochemical mechanisms involving drug metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins remain underexplored. Several plant-derived beverages have been shown to modulate enzymes and transporters in the intestine, leading to altered pharmacokinetic (PK) and potentially negative pharmacodynamic (PD) outcomes. Commonly consumed fruit juices, teas, and alcoholic drinks contain phytochemicals that inhibit intestinal cytochrome P450 and phase II conjugation enzymes, as well as uptake and efflux transport proteins. Whereas myriad phytochemicals have been shown to inhibit these processes in vitro, translation to the clinic has been deemed insignificant or undetermined. An overlooked prerequisite for elucidating food effects on drug PK is thorough knowledge of causative bioactive ingredients. Substantial variability in bioactive ingredient composition and activity of a given dietary substance poses a challenge in conducting robust food–drug interaction studies. This confounding factor can be addressed by identifying and characterizing specific components, which could be used as marker compounds to improve clinical trial design and quantitatively predict food effects. Interpretation and integration of data from in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies require collaborative expertise from multiple disciplines, from botany to clinical pharmacology (i.e., plant to patient). Development of more systematic methods and guidelines is needed to address the general lack of information on examining drug–dietary substance interactions prospectively.
Do readers obtain preview benefit from word N + 2? A test of serial attention shift versus distributed lexical processing models of eye movement control in reading.

Two experiments tested predictions derived from serial lexical processing and parallel distributed models of eye movement control in reading. The boundary paradigm (K. Rayner, 1975) was used, and the boundary location was set either at the end of word n - 1 (the word just to the left of the target word) or at the end of word n- 2. Serial lexical processing models predict that there should be preview benefit only when the boundary is set at word n - 1 (when the target word will be the next word fixated) and no preview benefit when the boundary is set at word n - 2. Parallel lexical models, on the other hand, predict that there should be some preview benefit in both situations. Consistent with the predictions of the serial lexical processing models, there was no preview benefit for a target word when the boundary was set at the end of word n - 2. Furthermore, there was no evidence of parafoveal-on-foveal effects.
Flight Evaluation of Flight-Path Control for the STQL Approach and Landing

Flight experiments have been conducted to assess requirements for flight-path control for glide-slope tracking and for control of the flare and landing, particularly as applied to powered-lift STOL aircraft. The research aircraft used to perform landing approaches on a 7. 5-deg glide slope to landings on a 30 X 518 m (100 X 1700 ft) STOL runway provided the capability for evaluating a wide range of flight-path control characteristics. The flight results identified flight-path overshoot, flight-path/airspeed coupling, and vertical velocity damping to be the dominant aircraft response characteristics that affect glide-slope tracking. The one prominent contribution to control of flare using pitch attitude was the short-term response. Specific design considerations for the effective thrust turning of the high-lift system, thrust response lags of the engines, and the aircraft loading and operating conditions are discussed.
Increasing distribution system model accuracy with extensive deployment of smart meters

The advent of smart metering infrastructure has paved the way to enhance the accuracy of conventional distribution system models. However, the size and complexity of the smart meter data and information systems present new issues, including the cumbersome process of extracting and analyzing data from various data sources. The focus of this paper is to create a highly accurate distribution system model using Big Data from smart meters. It presents details on how traditional modeling can be improved by smart meter data as well as practical methods to make the data functional for analysis.
Gene×Environment interactions in early externalizing behaviors: parental emotional support and socioeconomic context as moderators of genetic influences?

This study uses longitudinal population-based samples of young siblings to examine the effects of two hypothesized moderators of early externalizing behaviors: parental emotional support and family socioeconomic status. The first sample, a twin sample from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), was composed of approximately 600 twin pairs measured on externalizing at ages 4 and 5. Results indicated stronger genetic influences on externalizing at lower levels of parental emotional support but higher levels of socioeconomic status; only the latter interaction remained significant when the two moderators were simultaneously modeled. These moderation effects were not replicated in our analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Child Supplement (CNLSY) data, which contained 1939 pairs of full and half siblings measured on externalizing at ages 4–5 and ages 6–7. Our results highlight the need for replication in quantitative behavior genetics research on externalizing behaviors. Potential causes for non-replication are discussed.
Three-dimensional imaging and image analysis of hippocampal neurons: Confocal and digitally enhanced wide field microscopy

The microscopy of biological specimens has traditionally been a two-dimensional imaging method for analyzing what are in reality three-dimensional (3-D) objects. This has been a major limitation of the application of one of science's most widely used tools. Nowhere has this limitation been more acute than in neurobiology, which is dominated by the necessity of understanding both large- and small-scale 3-D anatomy. Fortunately, recent advances in optical instrumentation and computational methods have provided the means for retrieving the third dimension, making full 3-D microscopic imaging possible. Optical designs have concentrated on the confocal imaging mode while computational methods have made 3-D imaging possible with wide field microscopes using deconvolution methods. This work presents a brief review of these methods, especially as applied to neurobiology, and data using both approaches. Specimens several hundred micrometers thick can be sampled allowing essentially intact neurons to be imaged. These neurons or selected components can be contrasted with either fluorescent, absorption, or reflection stains. Image analysis in 3-D is as important as visualization in 3-D. Automated methods of cell counting and analysis by nuclear detection as well as tracing of individual neurons are presented.
Qmd-plot: a graphical utility for rapid preliminary analysis of time series of fluctuating data, developed in the context of molecular dynamics simulations.

Qmd-plot is a utility to obtain rapid information about past or on-going simulations, or real-time data collections, in the form of graphs of recorded variables (x,y,…), as x–y plots or as a function of simulated or real time. Time series records in the data file must be named. Variable names and their locations in the data file are initially unknown to the program, but are identified in a first scan, in which header records are located on the basis of a predefined key (that can be changed interactively). The names of the time series are then presented in an interactive menu, from which the user can repeatedly specify a graph to be viewed. Qmd-plot has been developed in the context of molecular dynamics simulations. We give examples of time series and x–y plots made from output of the sigma program. Qmd-plot code is a Java application; source and class files can be obtained free from the authors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 184–188, 2002
Optimal linear combination of order statistics filters and their relationship to the Delta-operator

Linear Combination of Order Statistics (LOS) filters are a special case of the Choquet integral filters. LOS are a class of nonlinear filters parameterized by a set of n weights. Different values of the weights lead to different filters. Examples include the median and other order statistic filters, local averaging filters, and trimmed average filters. Differences of LOS filters have been used in the past as target detection filters by nonlinearly comparing a small, targets size region with the surrounding region. The delta operator, proposed by Gelenbe et. al. for land mine detection, can be represented as a special case of a difference of LOS operators. Weights of LOS operators can be determined by solving an optimization problem, represented as a quadratic program. In this paper, experiments are conducted in determining optimal differences of LOS operators using the DARPA backgrounds data. The results are that the delta-operator is the solution of the optimization problem for this data set.
Fate of pentachlorophenol in estuarine sediment

Abstract The fate pf pentachlorophenol (PCP) following a major spill in a Louisiana Gulf Coast estuary was examined. Degradation of PCP was strongly influenced by sediment pH and oxidation-reduction potential conditions. Degradation rates decreased with decreasing sediment oxidation-reduction potential. Maximum degradation occurred at pH 8·0. Adsorption/desorption studies show PCP to be more tightly bound to oxidised sediment than to reduced sediment. The measured degradation rates suggest that microbial degradation could account for the observed disappearance of residual PCP in the spill area.
Structural Characterization of the Rous Sarcoma Virus RNA Stability Element

In eukaryotic cells, an mRNA bearing a premature termination codon (PTC) or an abnormally long 3' untranslated region (UTR) is often degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. Despite the presence of a 5- to 7-kb 3' UTR, unspliced retroviral RNA escapes this degradation. We previously identified the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) stability element (RSE), an RNA element downstream of the gag natural translation termination codon that prevents degradation of the unspliced viral RNA. Insertion of this element downstream of a PTC in the RSV gag gene also inhibits NMD. Using partial RNase digestion and selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) chemistry, we determined the secondary structure of this element. Incorporating RNase and SHAPE data into structural prediction programs definitively shows that the RSE contains an AU-rich stretch of about 30 single-stranded nucleotides near the 5' end and two substantial stem-loop structures. The overall secondary structure of the RSE appears to be conserved among 20 different avian retroviruses. The structural aspects of this element will serve as a tool in the future design of cis mutants in addressing the mechanism of stabilization.
Terahertz-optical mixing in n-doped GaAs quantum wellso suppression of excitonic resonances

Nonlinear mixing of terahertz and near-infrared radiation is observed for the first time in an n-doped GaAs quantum well. The resonant structure of three-wave mixing is much simpler than in undoped quantum wells
Urban policemen: crisis mediators or crisis creators?

In rendering police services during a family crisis situation, the very actions undertaken to reduce interpersonal conflict may precipitate or intensify violent reactions. If we acknowledge the phenomenon of iatrogenesis, then psychological training in crisis intervention can assist police in the prevention of violence and contribute to community mental health.
An overview of design of experiments

An overview of the design of statistical experiments is presented, with special emphasis on response surface designs, block designs, neighbor designs. Applications are mentioned for industrial quality improvement, agricultural experiments, biometry. An outlook towards design optimality concludes the survey.
On the Number of Trees in a Random Forest

The analytic methods of Polya, as reported in [l, 61 are used to determine the asymptotic behavior of the expected number of (unlabeled) trees in a random forest of orderp. Our results can be expressed in terms of q = .338321856899208.. ., the radius of convergence of t(x) which is the ordinary generating function for trees. We have found that the expected number of trees in a random forest approaches 1 + xFz1 t(~~) = 1.755510... and the form of this result is the same for other species of trees. The problem of estimating the number of trees in a large, random labeled forest was treated in Moon’s book Counting Labeled Trees [3, p. 291. It was found that the average number of labeled trees in all labeled forests ofp points approaches 3/2 as a limit as p increases. We have investigated the same question for unlabeled trees and have found that in this case the average number of trees also approaches a constant, namely 1.755510**. This average an be expressed in terms of the ordinary generating function t(x) for trees and its radius of convergence 7. We use the notation and terminology of the book GraphicaZ Enumeration [I] and the analytic methods of Polya as reported in [ 1, 61. Let F,, be the number of forests of order
The development of social responsiveness in kittens

Abstract The ontogenesis of responsiveness to threatening visual stimuli and cat urine was studied in domestic kittens, which began to show adult-type behavioural patterns to both stimuli at 6 to 8 weeks. The responses to both are qualitatively similar to responses of adults, and the inter- and intrasession habituation rates are also remarkably similar. The development of these responses is well correlated with the increased sensory capacities, independence and mobility of the animals at this age.
On the calculation of properties of gases at elevated temperatures

Abstract The role of the potential of intermolecular force in determining properties of gases at elevated temperatures is discussed, and the following points are emphasized. (a) The calculation of accurate values of such properties requires potential parameters which are valid at interaction distances which are important at the temperatures in question. (b) Extrapolation of potentials obtained from low temperature properties for calculation of high temperature properties is, in general, not justified, and leads to values of transport coefficients and second virial coefficients which differ considerably from those calculated from potentials based on the elastic scattering of high energy molecular beams. (c) The high temperature range, in which such beam potentials are useful, is not determined by the kinetic energy of the beam particles, but by the small fraction of this energy which is converted into potential energy in the scattering process. For purposes of illustration, coefficients of viscosity and self-diffusion, isotopic reduced thermal diffusion ratios, and second virial coefficients for helium, argon and nitrogen at 1000°, 5000° and 15000° K have been calculated from extrapolated potentials, Lennard-Jones (12-6) and modified Buckingham (exp-6), and from beam potentials.
Annotations for Brendan Behan's The Quare Fellow

Whenever I teach Brendan Behan's The Quare Fellow (1956), I spend a substantial—and unnecessary—deal of time explaining slang terms, expletives, historical names, and items of popular culture to my...
Near-nucleus trajectory design for Comet Penetrator-Lander data relay

A Comet Penetrator-Lander is included in the payload of the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby spacecraft; it will be deployed from an orbit about the comet nucleus and will implant itself in the nucleus at a pre-selected site. Throughout the following 9 days, the orbiting spacecraft must be in position to receive transmissions from the Penetrator-Lander at specified intervals. Using conic orbits and a simplified model of the nucleus, several types of trajectories have been identified which will allow the data relay requirements to be met. These are sensitive to the mass and rotational properties of the comet nucleus and to the latitude of the Penetrator-Lander impact site; no single orbital strategy can cover the entire range of possibilities. Frequent spacecraft maneuvers would provide more flexibility, but would result in a much more complicated mission scenario. More accurate modeling of the comet nucleus and the orbiter trajectories will refine the relay orbit options presented here.
Automatic 3D high-fidelity traffic interchange modeling using 2D road GIS data

3D road models are widely used in many computer applications such as racing games and driving simulations. However, almost all high-fidelity 3D road models were generated manually by professional artists at the expense of intensive labor. There are very few existing methods for automatically generating 3D high-fidelity road networks, especially for those existing in the real world. Real road network contains various elements such as road segments, road intersections and traffic interchanges. Among them, traffic interchanges present the most challenges to model due to their complexity and the lack of height information (vertical position) of traffic interchanges in existing road GIS data. This paper proposes a novel approach that can automatically produce 3D high-fidelity road network models, including traffic interchange models, from real 2D road GIS data that mainly contain road centerline information. The proposed method consists of several steps. The raw road GIS data are first preprocessed to extract road network topology, merge redundant links, and classify road types. Then overlapped points in the interchanges are detected and their elevations are determined based on a set of level estimation rules. Parametric representations of the road centerlines are then generated through link segmentation and fitting, and they have the advantages of arbitrary levels of detail with reduced memory usage. Finally a set of civil engineering rules for road design (e.g., cross slope, superelevation) are selected and used to generate realistic road surfaces. In addition to traffic interchange modeling, the proposed method also applies to other more general road elements. Preliminary results show that the proposed method is highly effective and useful in many applications.
The paramedian forehead flap: A dynamic anatomical vascular study verifying safety and clinical implications

Background:Nasal reconstruction with use of the forehead flap has been performed for hundreds of years. Forehead vasculature has been studied; however, anatomical relationships to the forehead flap have not been adequately examined. This anatomical study evaluated the vascular anatomy of the paramed
Aesthetic Experiences With Music Musicians Versus Children

This study, which is a replication and extension of earlier research by Paul, examines the correspondence of perceived aesthetic experiences between musicians, in the present investigation, and chi...