cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrophobic surface treatment on freeze-thaw durability of concrete

Abstract The effect of surface treatment using silanes on the frost durability is investigated on both laboratory and field specimens in an accelerated laboratory test. Measurements include moisture uptake during the pre-saturation and F-T stages, cumulative mass loss and internal bulk cracking under frost salt/water exposure. It is found silane treatment substantially reduces surface scaling, but cannot prevent bulk moisture uptake or the occurrence of the internal frost damage when concrete is insufficiently air entrained. Salt scaling is dominated by the capillary suction process in the thin surface region under freezing which can be curtailed by the pore lining effect from silanes creating a hydrophobic barrier to the ingress of external liquid. This in turn suppresses ice growth in the surface region, evidenced by the complete elimination of sub-freezing dilation in a length-change measurement of small-scale concrete specimens with surface treatment. However, internal frost damage is controlled by the universal degree of pore saturation which in turn is dependent on the bulk moisture uptake.
Parameniscal Cyst with Associated Extensive Proximal Tibial Bone Erosion: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Meniscal cysts are common, with a reported prevalence of 1% to 22% for patients undergoing meniscectomy1-4. Parameniscal cysts can extend beyond the articular surface and can enlarge sizably, prompting confusion with soft-tissue tumors. Parameniscal cysts that cause bone erosion, however, are considered rare2,4-6. Physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and aspiration of the cyst can all aid in the diagnosis. We present the case of a patient with advanced medial and patellofemoral compartment osteoarthritis with a large parameniscal cyst that extended distal to the joint line with resultant erosion of the medial aspect of the proximal tibial metaphysis. The associated bone loss was believed to compromise the structural integrity of the medial tibial plateau. The patient underwent combined cyst excision and total knee arthroplasty with a stemmed tibial component. To our knowledge, this degree of bone loss associated with a parameniscal cyst and the treatment necessitated by such loss have not been previously discussed in the literature. The patient was informed that information concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he consented. An eighty-five-year-old man presented to the orthopaedic clinic with mild pain on the medial side of the right knee during walking. The patient also noted a small mass over the medial aspect of the knee. Physical examination revealed the mass to be soft, nontender, and mobile. Range-of-motion testing showed a 10° flexion contracture with flexion to 115°. The knee was stable to varus and valgus stress. Radiographs of the knee revealed advanced osteoarthritis of the medial and patellofemoral compartments and a normal appearance of the medial tibial metaphysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a chronic tear in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and a benign-appearing cystic structure, consistent with a parameniscal cyst, which extended from the joint line …
Universal Cyclic Polymer Templates

Two unique molecular templates for generating polymeric materials with a cyclic molecular architecture were developed by combining ring-expansion metathesis polymerization and click chemistry. These two universal cyclic polymers were used in three examples to demonstrate the wide range of potential materials enabled. They include functional cyclic polymers, cyclic polymer brushes, and cyclic gels.
Surveillance of guideline practices for duodenoscope and linear echoendoscope reprocessing in a large healthcare system

Background and Aims To assess the adequacy of currently recommended duodenoscope and linear echoendoscope (DLE) automatic endoscope reprocessing (AER) and high-level disinfection (HLD), we collected daily post-reprocessing surveillance cultures of 106 DLEs in 21 Providence and Affiliate Hospitals. Methods Daily qualitative surveillance of dried, post-HLD DLEs was conducted for a minimum of 30 days at each facility. Positivity rates for any microbial growth and growth of high-concern pathogens were reported. Potential effects of DLE manufacturer, age, and AER processor on culture-positivity rate were assessed. Results Microbial growth was recovered from 201 of 4032 specimens (5%) or 189 of 2238 encounters (8.4%), including 23 specimens (.6%) or 21 encounters (.9%) for a high-concern pathogen. Wide variations in culture-positivity rate were observed across facilities. No striking difference in culture-positivity rate was seen among 8 DLE models, 3 DLE manufacturers, DLE age, manual or bedside cleanser, or automatic flushing system use. However, there was suggestive evidence that Custom Ultrasonics AER (Warminster, Pa, USA) had a lower culture-positivity rate than Medivators AER (Cantel Medical Corp., Little Falls, NJ, USA) for high-concern pathogen growth (0/1079 vs 21/2735 specimens or 0/547 vs 20/1582 encounters). Two endoscopes grew intestinal flora on several occasions despite multiple HLD. No multidrug-resistant organism was detected. Conclusions In this multicenter DLE surveillance study, microbial growth was recovered in 5.0% of specimens (8.4% of encounters), with most being environmental microbes. Enteric bacterial flora was recovered in .6% of specimens (.9% of encounters), despite compliance with 2014 U.S. guidelines and manufacturers' recommendations for cleaning and HLD process. The observed better performance of Custom Ultrasonics AER deserves further investigation.
Small Probe Flight Testing of Thermal Protection Systems in Simulated Earth Entries

Flight testing of thermal protection system materials, once common during the early era of spaceflight, is used infrequently in modern materials development. Testing and qualification of these materials primarily occurs in ground-based facilities which can produce a limited range of discrete test conditions. A small probe platform to test thermal protection system materials in flight can produce environmental conditions that more closely approximate the transient nature of actual entry. A methodology for designing such a test is presented. Test vehicles are designed to be recoverable and are based on the highly stable 45 degree sphere-cone geometry of Mars Microprobe. The current investigation determines the feasibility of simulating low and high energy Earth entries with such a test vehicle launched suborbitally aboard a Black Brant X rocket. Vehicle parameters (mass and maximum diameter) as well as launch and flight trajectories are varied to achieve a range of heat rates and stagnation pressures. An envelope of achievable environmental conditions is generated and compared to those of the reference trajectories. The current design is able to generate peak heat rates on the order of 10 W/cm and peak stagnation pressures of 10 10 kPa. Average flow enthalpies of around 4 MJ/kg to 16 MJ/kg can be sustained for anywhere from 10 seconds to 2 minutes.
Targeted Therapy for Cytokine-Refractory Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, and Treatment in the Community

This report of a case of cytokine-refractory metastatic, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presents some current issues related to use of targeted therapy in the community. Due to the different mechanisms of cytostatic vs cytotoxic agents, traditional response assessments may not always apply in deciding when to either continue or stop treatment. While community physicians may increasingly focus more on duration of response, symptom relief, and how well patients tolerate treatment, there is a clear need for validated surrogate markers of biologic activity and response, as well as randomized trials that directly compare some of the targeted therapies being applied in advanced RCC.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Potential for Cure?

In their article in this issue of ONCOLOGY, authors Bartlett and Chu discuss a very provocative suggestion that the possibility exists to cure patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Effects of picrotoxin, naloxone, and vagotomy on chlordiazepoxide-induced respiratory depression.

Intravenous administration of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) caused respiratory depression in both rats and cats. The maximally tolerated dose of CDP was found to be 165 +/- 15 mg/kg, i.v., in rats. Pretreatment with picrotoxin (1.5 mg/kg) or naloxone (20 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly increased the maximally tolerated dose of CDP to 330 +/- 40 mg/kg, i.v., and 270 +/- 35 mg/kg, i.v., respectively. The protective effects of both naloxone and picrotoxin were absent in bilaterally vagotomized rats. Naloxone pretreatment (25 mg/kg, i.v.) was also found to block the respiratory depressant effects of CDP in anesthetized cats, but had no effect on the cardiovascular actions of CDP. It is possible that the respiratory effects of CDP are due to its actions on GABA receptors, and that peripheral GABA receptors may mediate the protective actions of picrotoxin and naloxone.
Foster Innovation and Research

That innovation is the most powerful catalyst of economic growth is widely accepted. Joseph Schumpeter not only explained that long-run growth is driven by innovation but, as we noted in the last chapter, stressed innovation as essential to ‘getting things done’. What is not widely accepted is that local leaders — government officials, business people, and citizens — can be the drivers of that innovation.
Early Warning Systems (EWSs)

Prediction of natural and human-assisted or intensified hazards is the basis for EWSs. We will give a general assessment of EWSs here and discuss their status in some detail later in the text when treating specific hazards. At present, for natural hazards, there are EWSs that can be put in place for flood hazards that are accurate in terms of where and when they will occur, the level above stream/river banks flood waters will rise, how long before a location will be flooded and how long flood stage will last. EWSs for volcanoes that are coming into an eruption stage can be established that are generally accurate as to when there will be an eruption, whether a volcano will launch tephra or emit lava and where it will flow, but can not accurately predict the force of an eruption nor how long it will last. There are EWSs signs of landslides that are related to topography, observations of slow earth movement, and amount of rainfall an area has received but these are often missed.
H-NS, Its Family Members and Their Regulation of Virulence Genes in Shigella Species.

The histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) has played a key role in shaping the evolution of Shigella spp., and provides the backdrop to the regulatory cascade that controls virulence by silencing many genes found on the large virulence plasmid. H-NS and its paralogue StpA are present in all four Shigella spp., but a second H-NS paralogue, Sfh, is found in the Shigella flexneri type strain 2457T, which is routinely used in studies of Shigella pathogenesis. While StpA and Sfh have been proposed to serve as “molecular backups” for H-NS, the apparent redundancy of these proteins is questioned by in vitro studies and work done in Escherichia coli. In this review, we describe the current understanding of the regulatory activities of the H-NS family members, the challenges associated with studying these proteins and their role in the regulation of virulence genes in Shigella.
Appraisals of and Coping with Acquired Brain Injury: Resources for Functional Recovery

This chapter presents a model of meaning and coping that highlights the centrality of meaning appraisal and coping in adjusting to adverse events. This model is then applied to adaptation to acquired brain injury (ABI) by drawing on relevant theories and empirical findings. The important roles of appraised meanings, violations, coping, and meanings made in promoting functional recovery are detailed. This chapter concludes with ideas drawn from this model to promote innovative treatment strategies for brain injury recovery.
Progress toward an Engineering Discipline of Software

Is "software engineering" really engineering? The term was coined in 1968 to call attention to problems with software production. Both theory and practice for software have evolved since then, but do we yet have a true engineering discipline? This keynote sketches the evolution of software engineering, drawing on civil engineering and software architecture for examples that show the progressive codification of informal knowledge toward rigorous models and tools. This provides the basis for assessing the maturity of the field and identifying our next challenges.
Effect of the Flow Field on the Wax Deposition and Performance of Wax Inhibitors: Cold Finger and Flow Loop Testing

Chemical inhibition is one of the methods to mitigate deposition of wax in pipelines; however, the efficiency of the inhibitors needs to be validated in the laboratory prior to field applications. Cold finger, as the most commonly used experimental setup in the field, has quite a different shear regime and temperature field compared to the flow loop and field production pipeline. This paper investigates the flow field (cold finger and flow loop) effect on the wax deposition and the performance of wax inhibitors under the same initial temperature difference and comparable shear stress conditions. The normalized deposit mass, wax content, carbon number distribution, and wax mass flux were investigated in these two different flow fields, and the performance of wax inhibitors was also investigated. Moreover, the results from this study are expected to serve as a basis for selecting proper inhibitors for field applications based on laboratory testing.
The NFL Salary Cap and Veteran Players’ Salaries

The salary structure and process of wage determination in the American National Football League (NFL) is perhaps unique among professional sports: contracts are not guaranteed, careers tend to be very short, and the league operates under a salary cap that limits teams’ payrolls. Thus, while a fairly well-defined set of performance metrics exists for most professional football players, the usual relationship between measured performance and compensation—i.e. higher productivity translates into higher pay—may be blurred, empirically observable, or even nonexistent. This paper investigates this issue using a four-year panel of veteran professional football players. Our analysis suggests that although performance plays a role in determining salaries in the NFL, experience, durability, and mobility are the most important factors veteran player compensation.
Schwab’s Challenge and the Unfulfilled Promise of Action Research

Action research began as an ambitious epistemological and social intervention. As the concept has become reified, packaged for methodology textbooks and professional development workshops, it has degenerated into a cure that may be worse than the disease. The point is not the trivial one that action research, like any practice, sometimes shows up in cheap or corrupt forms. The very idea that action research already exists as a live option is mystifying, distracting us from the deep challenge that action research ultimately represents. Though Joseph Schwab is sometimes credited as a forerunner of action research, it is likely that he would see the new talk of ‘the teacher as researcher’ as indicative of the very epitomization of which he warned. Dewey’s new conception of knowledge, action, and communication—and the vision of the teacher as learner it entails—requires nothing short of a radical rethinking of teaching and inquiry, schooling and teacher education. This essay recalls the promise of action research, exploring its pitfalls, and attempts to get clear on the ongoing challenge it represents.
Spectral narrowing and stabilization of 10-W broad-area laser with fiber pump delivery system (Conference Presentation)

The emission spectrum of a 10-W commercial broad-area laser was narrowed and stabilized by coupling a portion of its far-field emission to a single-mode fiber Bragg grating. The feedback produced in this external cavity configuration stabilized the peak wavelength of the laser with respect to temperature and produced a narrow spectrum compatible with pumping ytterbium-doped fiber lasers. The spectral narrowing was achieved at multiple far field locations and stabilized over a wide temperature band, indicating a robust and manufacturable design. This proof-of-concept experiment can be translated into a pump delivery fiber configuration that integrates the diode feedback into a pump system package for spectrally bright pumping.
Reflections on the Name of IAMG and of the Journal

This note is to highlight the transformation of the names of International Association for Mathematical Geologists and its flagship journal Mathematical Geology respectively into International Association for Mathematical Geoscientists and Mathematical Geosciences.
EFFECT ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF MIND-ALTERING DRUGS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CANNABIS

SUMMARY Clinical data derived from controlled studies of cannabis effects in adults are applied to the known cognitive, emotional, and social processes of childhood and adolescent development. Disruptive effects are described in relation to Freudian neo-Freudian, Eriksonian, and Piagetian developmental schemata. Ancedotal material is used to illustrate the known and predicted consequences of drug use including loss of academic momentum, problems of identity, impaired social relationships, depression, apathy, alienation, and psychosis. The role of premorbid personality adjustment is unclear, as is dosage, duration, and admixture of other drugs. Factors governing reversibility or chronicity of damaging effects are largely unknown. In the absence of controlled clinical studies of children and adolescents. the present state of knowledge could be enhanced by more systematic and informed observations and by sophisticated epidemiological studies.
Anomalous Operating Performance During Economic Slowdowns

Operating performance is an important and widely used measure for evaluating firms. This paper documents that, contrary to the common belief, firms experiencing sales declines during economic slowd...
México 1960-1994: identidad nacional y literatura

En esta nota se hace un recuento del concepto de identidad en la politica y en la literatura de Mexico durante la ultima mitad del siglo XX. Se analiza aqui como el Estado mexicano construye un concepto de identidad que se vera modificado por los acontecimientos politicos, sociales e intelectuales. Ademas, se repasan algunos de los principales paradigmas que motivaron la politica sobre la identidad asi como los debates que se dan en torno a ese concepto en los diferentes medios intelectuales como revistas y obras literarias. Fenomenos como la globalizacion, la pugna por la autonomia de los pueblos indigenas, las manifestaciones de la comunidad gay etc. son yuxtapuestos con obras relevantes al tema tanto literarias como antropologicas, historicas y sociales que se publicaron en las decadas estudiadas.
Can (and Should) Judges Be Shamed? Evidence from the 'Six-Month List'

Recent court reform efforts in the United States have focused on speeding up what is perceived to be a slow and burdensome federal civil justice system. But how is speed best achieved, and at what cost to other goals of the civil justice system? I study a Congressionally-enacted reform known as the "six-month list," which uses social pressure to incentivize federal judges to decide cases more quickly. After constructing an original dataset of nearly 500,000 federal district court motions -- representing the approximate universe of summary judgment motions in federal civil cases for the period 2004-2014 -- I exploit quasi-random variation in exposure to the six-month list in order to answer two related questions. First, does the six-month list accomplish its ostensible goal of promoting speedier adjudications? And second, how does the six-month list affect the quality of civil adjudications? Preliminary results indicate that the six-month list does indeed improve speed; the summary judgment motions that are most exposed to the six-month list are resolved almost a full month (15%) faster than those that are least exposed, and overall case durations are similarly impacted. I also find considerable heterogeneity across judges, with judges who are young, non-white, or female being among the most responsive to the incentives created by the six-month list. Speedier adjudications notwithstanding, I find only mixed evidence of effects on the quality of adjudications. My results suggest that -- at least among federal judges -- social pressure can be an effective substitute for monetary incentives. I interpret these results as consistent with a model of judicial behavior that combines elements of career concerns, procrastination, and multitasking.
Halo-gravity traction for the treatment of pediatric cervical spine disorders.

Objective Halo-gravity traction (HGT) is an effective and safe method for gradual correction of severe cervical deformities in adults. However, the literature is limited on the use of HGT for cervical spine deformities that develop in children. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HGT for pediatric cervical spine deformities. Methods Twenty-eight patients (18 females) whose mean age was 11.3 ± 5.58 years (range 2-24.9 years) underwent HGT. Common indications included kyphosis (n = 12), rotatory subluxation (n = 7), and basilar invagination (n = 6). Three children (11%) received traction to treat severe occipitocervical instability. For these 3 patients, traction combined with a halo vest, with bars attached rigidly to the vest, but with the ability to slide through the connections to the halo crown, was used to guide the corrective forces and moments in a specific and controlled manner. Patients ambulated with a wheelchair or halo walker under constant traction. Imaging was done before and during traction to evaluate traction efficacy. The modified Clavien-Dindo-Sink classification was used to categorize complications. Results The mean duration of HGT was 25 days (IQR 13-29 days), and the mean traction was 29% ± 13.0% of body weight (IQR 19%-40% of body weight). The mean kyphosis improved from 91° ± 20.7° (range 64°-122°) to 56° ± 17.6° (range 32°-96°) during traction and corresponded to a mean percentage kyphosis correction of 38% ± 13.8% (range 21%-57%). Twenty-five patients (89%) underwent surgical stabilization, and 3 patients (11%) had rotatory subluxation that was adequately reduced by traction and were treated with a halo vest as their definitive treatment. The mean hospital stay was 35 days (IQR 17-43 days).Nine complications (32%) occurred: 8 grade I complications (28%), including 4 cases of superficial pin-site infection (14%) and 4 cases of transient paresthesia (14%). One grade II complication (4%) was seen in a child with Down syndrome and a preexisting neurological deficit; this patient developed flaccid paralysis that rapidly resolved with weight removal. Six cases (21%) of temporary neck discomfort occurred as a sequela of a preexisting condition and resolved without treatment within 24-48 hours. Conclusions HGT in children is safe and effective for the gradual correction of cervical kyphosis, atlantoaxial subluxation, basilar invagination, and os odontoideum. Cervical traction is an additional tool for the pediatric spine surgeon if uncertainties exist that the spinal alignment required for internal fixation and deformity correction can be safely achieved surgically. Common complications included grade I complications such as superficial pin-site infections and transient paresthesias. Halo vest gravity traction may be warranted in patients with baseline neurological deficits and severe occipitocervical instability to reduce the chance of catastrophic movement.
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement: A Retrospective Analysis.

Summary Background Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) is a disorder in which the vocal folds adduct inappropriately during inspiration resulting in episodic dyspnea and sometimes respiratory distress. Diagnosis is obtained through careful history, physical examination, flexible laryngoscopic examination with provocative maneuvers, and laryngeal electromyography. The pathogenesis and clinical findings of this disorder are not known. Objectives To determine characteristics of patients with confirmed PVFM and to evaluate efficacy of current treatments. Methods A retrospective chart review of the patients with PVFM who presented at a quaternary care laryngology office between January 1, 2007 and August 31, 2019 was performed. Comorbidities, laboratories tests, imaging, 24-hours pH impedance testing, and laryngeal EMG results were analyzed. Dyspnea Index questionnaire before and after treatment was used to evaluate the efficiency of treatments for PVFM. Results The average age of the 40 patients was 30.25 years. Forty-five percent of patients were under the age of 18, and 80% were female. Twenty-five percent of patients were serious athletes, and 40% of patients were students. Sixty-five percent had a previous diagnosis of asthma. One third of patients had concurrent psychiatric diagnosis. There was no family history of PVFM in the cohort. There were no other common findings. Treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) was used only when there was evidence of LPR; and 93% of our 40 patients received LPR treatment. Ninety percent of patients who received botulinum toxin, voice therapy (VT), and LPR treatment had subjective improvement. Patients with just VT and LPR treatment had a 43% subjective improvement rate; and the difference was statistically significant at P of 0.021. There was no statistical difference between VT and LPR treatment versus VT or LPR treatment alone. Conclusion Botulinum toxin, VT, and LPR treatment regimen is currently the most effective management for patients with paradoxical vocal fold movement disorder. More research is needed to determine the etiology of this disorder.
Coercive Diplomacy and the New Financial Levers: Evaluating the Intended and Unintended Consequences of Financial Sanctions

One of the most promising emerging levers of coercive statecraft is the ‘reputational’ financial sanction. These sanctions, recently employed by the United States against Iranian and North Korean banks, aim to chill investment into these countries by threatening the financial reputations of legitimate institutions in an interconnected world. Yet much about these sanctions remain unknown. What are the causal mechanisms by which they operate? How effective are they? Do they have blowback effects? Using interviews with senior U.S. and European officials, this research systematically addresses these issues with a view to both ground these new sanctions in the traditional debates over the efficacy of such economic statecraft and provide policymakers a better understanding of how the United States and other leading states can use these new levers of coercive statecraft. We find that these sanctions, under a more limited set of circumstances, can be more effective than either comprehensive or targeted sanctions. Yet even under these ideal circumstances this form of coercive pressure can become problematically disaggregated from diplomatic strategies.
Establishment of a highly precise multi-attribute method for the characterization and quality control of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

The multi-attribute method (MAM) has garnered attention as a new quality control method of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). MAM analysis allows multiple relative quantifications of several...
Firms as Learning Environments: Implications for Earnings Dynamics and Job Search

This paper demonstrates that heterogeneity in firms’ promotion of human capital accumulation is an important determinant of life-cycle earnings inequality. I use administrative micro data from Germany to show that different establishments offer systematically different earnings growth rates for their workers. This observation suggests that that the increase in inequality over the life cycle reflects not only inherent worker variation, but also differences in the firms that workers happen to match with over their lifetimes. To quantify this channel, I develop a life-cycle search model with heterogeneous workers and firms. In the model, a worker’s earnings can grow through both human capital accumulation and labor market competition channels. Human capital growth depends on both the worker’s ability and the firm’s learning environment. I find that heterogeneity in firm learning environments account for 40% of the increase in cross-sectional earnings variance over the life cycle, and that this mechanism is especially important for young workers. I then show that differences in labor market histories partially shape the worker-specific income profiles estimated by reduced-form statistical earnings processes. Finally, because young workers do not fully internalize the benefits of matching to high-growth firms, changes to the structure of unemployment insurance policies can incentivize these workers to search for better matches.
Deep Learning Networks for Vectorized Energy Load Forecasting

Smart energy meters allow individual residential, commercial, and industrial energy load usage to be monitored continuously with high granularity. Accurate short-term energy forecasting is essential for improving energy efficiency, reducing blackouts, and enabling smart grid control and analytics. In this paper, we survey commonly used non-linear deep learning timeseries forecasting methods for this task including long short-term memory recurrent neural networks and nonlinear autoregressive models, nonlinear autoregressive exogenous networks that also include weather data, and for completeness, MATLAB's nonlinear input-output model that only uses weather. These models look at every combination of load sequence data and weather information to identify which factors and methods are most effective at predicting short-term residential load. In this paper, the traditional nonlinear autoregressive model predicted short term load values most accurately using only energy load information with a mean square error of 7.53E-5 and a correlation coefficient of 0.995.
Validation of the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Index for Use in Community-Dwelling Individuals With SCI.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spinal Cord Injury Functional Index (SCI-FI) instruments in a community-dwelling sample. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Community setting. Participants Individuals (N=269) recruited from 6 SCI Model Systems sites. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Participants completed computer adaptive test and short form versions of 4 SCI-FI/Capacity (C) banks (ie, Ambulation, Basic Mobility, Fine Motor, Self-Care) and 1 SCI-FI/Assistive Technology (AT) bank (Wheelchair Mobility) at baseline and after 2 weeks. The Self-Report Functional Measure (SRFM) and the clinician-rated motor FIM were used to evaluate evidence of convergent validity. Results Pearson correlations, intraclass correlation coefficients, minimal detectable change, and Bland-Altman plots supported the test-retest reliability of the SCI-FI instruments. Correlations were large with the SRFM (.69-.89) and moderate-to-large for the FIM instrument (.44-.64), supporting convergent validity. Known-groups validity was demonstrated by a significant main effect of injury level on all instruments and a main effect of injury completeness on the SCI-FI/C instruments. A ceiling effect was detected for individuals with incomplete paraplegia on the Fine Motor/C and Self-Care/C Short Forms. Conclusion Findings support the test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and known-groups validity of the SCI-FI/C instruments and the SCI-FI/AT Wheelchair Mobility instruments for use by community-dwelling individuals.
Abstract 17348: Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Diabetes From Machine Learning: The ACCORD Study

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk prediction in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using existing calculators is imprecise. We aimed to develop a machine-learning (ML...
Housing First Combined with Suicide Treatment Education and Prevention (HOME + STEP): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Youth experiencing homelessness are at high risk for suicide, yet few studies have evaluated risk reduction interventions targeting suicidal ideation in this vulnerable population. A comprehensive approach to risk-reduction is needed that addresses basic needs and provides targeted interventions for those at highest risk. The protocol described builds on the design of the first randomized trial of Housing First (HF) for homeless youth. The primary objective is to determine whether housing combined with supportive services that include suicide screening and targeted psychotherapy (Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention) is effective for reducing suicidal ideation and other secondary outcomes (depression and suicide attempts). Additionally, we will explore mediators of the treatment effect (housing stability and substance use) and determinants of implementation. Youth recruited to the HF trial will be randomized to HF + supportive services (n = 120), or supportive services alone (n = 120). The “Suicide Treatment Education and Prevention” (STEP) protocol will additionally screen youth in both arms at baseline and 3 months for suicidal ideation (SSI-W). Those who screen as moderate risk for suicide (SSI-W ≥ 10) will be offered CTSP, which includes up to 9 sessions over the first 6 months following enrollment. CTSP will be delivered in one-on-one sessions by a trained advocate. Research assessments will be collected to assess outcomes (including suicidal ideation) at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Qualitative interviews with subjects receiving CTSP and other stakeholders will explore implementation determinants. The study will fill an important gap in the literature about the added benefit of HF combined with supportive services including suicide screening and treatment for reducing suicidal ideation in homeless youth. With the urgent need to address both homelessness and suicide risk, evidence is needed about services that can be integrated into delivery settings for youth experiencing homelessness. NCT04135703 . Date of registration: October 23, 2019.
Mistaken Compassion: Tibetan Buddhist Perspectives on Neuroethics.

For more than 20 years, Western science education has been incorporated into Tibetan Buddhist monastics’ training. In this time, there have been a number of fruitful collaborations between Buddhist...
Autologous Vs. Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Considerations and Logistics

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia frequently responds to conventional remission induction and maintenance therapy and leads to extended leukemia-free survival for the majority of children and a fraction of adults. However, high risk groups (e.g., those with extreme leukocytosis, Ph1 positive, mature B-cell, older age) and those following a first relapse will surely develop recurrent leukemia and resultant shortened survival. Though matched sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can lead to extended disease control and prolonged survival for 30–50% of patients [1–5], those lacking a his-tocompatible related donor must seek other options.
Detailed 3-D nuclear analysis of ITER outboard blanket modules

Abstract In the ITER design, the blanket modules (BM) provide thermal and nuclear shielding for the vacuum vessel (VV), magnets, and other components. We used the CAD based DAG-MCNP5 transport code to analyze detailed models inserted into a 40 degree partially homogenized ITER global model. The regions analyzed include BM09, BM16 near the heating neutral beam injection (HNB) region, BM11–13 near the upper ELM coil region, and BM18. For the BM16 HNB region, the VV nuclear heating behind the NB region exceeds the design limit by up to 80%. For the BM11–13 region, the nuclear heating of the VV exceeds the design limit by up to 45%. For BM18, the results show that He production does not meet the limit necessary for re-welding. The results presented in this work are being used by the ITER Organization Blanket and Tokamak Integration groups to modify the BM design in the cases where limits are exceeded.
Evaluation of relative permeability functions as inputs to multiphase flow models simulating supercritical CO2 behavior in deep geologic formations

Abstract Multiphase flow models that simulate flow and entrapment behavior of supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) can be used to design and evaluate CO 2 sequestration strategies in deep geologic formations. The accuracy of model predictions depends on the constitutive models that relate capillary pressure ( P c ) and relative permeability ( k r ) to phase saturations ( S w ). Any studies to evaluate various constitutive models remain a major challenge, as necessary data are not easy to obtain in field settings. As it is not feasible to create deep formation pressure conditions in the laboratory to keep CO 2 under supercritical conditions, surrogate fluids that mimic the behavior of scCO 2 and brine were used. The k r – S w relationship for the surrogate fluid system was measured independently using long-column and hydrostatic methods. The measured P c – S w data for the same surrogate fluid system was used to derive the k r – S w relationships using the van Genuchten–Mualem model. The relative permeability relationships obtained independently from experiments and derived from measured P c – S w data using the van Genuchten–Mualem constitutive model were then applied to a multiphase model to simulate an injection experiment in an intermediate scale test tank. The comparison demonstrated that the model simulation that used directly measured k r – S w relationships was able to match the experimental observations slightly better than the simulation performed using the empirically derived relative permeability functions. Even though this was a limited study using a homogeneous packing configuration, the results demonstrate the importance of using the correct relative permeability functions in multiphase models used in carbon storage studies.
Technical forum: worm storage is not enough

The fundamental purpose of record keeping is to preserve accurate details of events and establish solid proof that the events have occurred. Trustworthy records are, therefore, those that can be relied upon to provide irrefutable evidence of all the events that have been logged. Such records must be managed from an end-to-end perspective, beginning with their preservation, and including their subsequent discovery and delivery to an agent seeking proof or details of an event.
Random Variables from the Point of View of a General Theory of Variables

In his great book Sequential Analysis Wald defines (see p. 5 in [1]) a random variable as a variable x such that “for any given number c a definite probability can be ascribed to the event that x will take a value less than c ” As a first example of a random variable, Wald mentions the outcome x of the experiment of weighing an object selected at random from a lot of n known objects. He calls x a random variable “since a probability can be ascribed to the event that x will take a value less than c for any given c.” If nc is the number of objects in the lot whose weight is less than c that probability is nc/n. On page 11, Wald says that “statistical problems arise when the distribution function of a random variable is not known and we want to draw some inference concerning the unknown distribution function on the basis of a limited number of observations.” He then mentions, as an example, the random variable x assuming the value 0 if a unit selected from a completely unknown lot of products is nondefective, and the value 1 if the unit is defective.
Abstract W MP43: Fetal and Maternal Microchimeric Responses to Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose: Ischemic stroke is a sexually dimorphic disease. Events that occur during pregnancy can have lasting implications on both the mother and fetus for decades after parturition. In particular, fetomaternal microchimerism, the bidirectional exchange and persistence of cells between a pregnant female and her fetus, has been shown to play a role in various disease pathologies but has not been well studied in the brain. We hypothesized that microchimeric cells (MCs) home to sites of injury as part of the immune response to stroke and display a stem cell phenotype with potential to aid in repair. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were bred with GFP transgenic mice using specific mating paradigms to generate fetal and maternal microchimeras. Young 10-12 week old maternal-microchimeric mice and 12-14 week old parous fetal-microchimeric mice were subject to a 90 min MCAO or sham surgery and sacrificed at 72hr or 30 day post-reperfusion (n=10). Blood, bone marrow (BM), and brain tissue were analyzed by co-labeling with anti-GFP antibody using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and cytospin preparations. RNA was extracted from GFP+ cells in situ by laser capture microdissection to further characterize MCs. Results: At 72hrs after stroke, clusters of MCs were present in the ischemic area. Flow cytometry of maternal blood and BM identified a rare cell population (0.01-0.001%) of GFP+CD45+CD34+, indicative of umbilical cord stem cells. Engrafted MCs with stem-like phenotypes were also found in cytospin preparations of blood and BM. At 30 day after stroke, MCs in the brain displayed mature endothelial morphology in 60% of animals. This was validated by RT-qPCR, confirming the presence of MCs in the ischemic brain. Conclusions: We have shown that MCs display stem cell phenotypes, are actively recruited to the ischemic brain, and selectively aggregate at sites of injury. Our data show that MCs are mobilized in BM and blood early after stroke and later give rise to endothelial cells, indicating a potential angiogenic role in promoting revascularization. Further characterization of the functional contribution and mechanisms that underlie these responses may prove useful in assessing female responses to brain injury.
Analysis of the relationship between diet and exercise beliefs and actual behaviors among breast cancer survivors in northwest ohio.

Introduction: Studies have shown that a diet high in fruit and vegetable intake, as well as a routine including daily exercise or physical activity, can independently affect relapse rates and survivorship in breast cancer patients. Fruits and vegetables contain powerful anti-oxidant molecules, capable of preventing tumor formation and proliferation. Exercise can lower circulating levels of estrogen, the female hormone responsible for tumor proliferation in the estrogen-sensitive form of the disease. The most beneficial results have been shown in women who exercise and consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. We studied the attitudes towards and behaviors related to fruit and vegetable intake and exercise in a cohort of breast cancer survivors in northwest Ohio. Materials and Methods: Data were gathered from a survey sent out by the Northwest Ohio Branch of the Susan G. Komen For the Cure Foundation. We assessed and evaluated survivors’ self-reported beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. Results: Nearly half of the survivors (46.5%) reported being unsure or in disagreement with the statement “Eating at least 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day will reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.” Only 46.8% of those in agreement with the previous statement actually report eating at least 5 fruits and/or vegetables per day. With respect to exercise, 32.9% reported being unsure or in disagreement with the statement “Engaging in regular physical activity will reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.” Only 68.5% of those in agreement with the previous statement report any physical activity in the past 30 days. Conclusions: Many breast cancer survivors do not appear to be aware of the benefits of diet and exercise. Further, a large proportion of those who are aware of the benefits do not adapt a healthy diet and exercise as part of their lifestyle. A majority of these survivors see a primary care physician, which we believe is the best venue to bridge this education gap. It is apparent by the pattern our data shows that more needs to be done to educate breast cancer survivors about the benefits of exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. Steps need to be taken to ensure that those who are educated also remain motivated to engage in a healthy lifestyle with the hopes of avoiding breast cancer recurrence.
HIGH DIMENSION DYNAMIC CORRELATIONS

This paper develops time series methods for forecasting correlations in high dimensional problems. The Dynamic Conditional Correlation model is given a new convenient estimation approach called the MacGyver method. It is compared with the FACTOR ARCH model and a new model called the FACTOR DOUBLE ARCH model. Finally the latter model is blended with the DCC to give a FACTOR DCC model. This family of models is estimated with daily returns from 18 US large cap stocks. Economic loss functions designed to form optimal portfolios and optimal hedges are used to compare the performance of the methods. The best approach invariably is the FACTOR DCC and the next best is the FACTOR DOUBLE ARCH.
Closed relations and equivalence classes of quasicontinuous functions.

This paper introduces a notion of equivalence that links closed relations and quasicontinuous functions; we examine classes of quasicontinuous functions that have the same set of continuity points. In doing so, we show that every minimal closed relation is the closure of a quasicontinuous function and vice-versa. We also show that this notion is of use in dynamical systems. Every quasicontinuous function is equivalent to one that is measurable, and under certain circumstances---in fact, under just those circumstances that appear most often in the dynamics literature---it is equivalent to a quasicontinuous function that has an invariant measure.
How scholarly nursing literature addresses health disparities for racial/ethnic minority men.

The purpose of this article is to review conceptual/theoretical and review/agenda setting nursing literature on the health care of racial/ethnic minority men [specifically African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander men] in one of the four targeted areas of health disparities. CINAHL and MEDLINE computer databases were searched from 1983 to the present using a combination of manual and computer-based methods to identifying the nursing literature that included any racial/ethnic men in the sample and addresses at least on the four areas of health disparities targeted by Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that affect adults: heart disease, malignant neoplasms (cancer), diabetes mellitus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS. This review provides an overview of health disparities experienced by racial/ethnic minority men in the targeted areas and of the types of conceptual and agenda-setting articles published in scholarly nursing literature in those targeted areas.
Student's Strategies with Learner-Controlled CALL

A degree of learner-control is implicit in most current CALL activities; however, research to-date has not investigated students' performance in such environments. This paper reports a first step toward the necessary investigation by documenting students' use of five strategies while they worked on learner-controlled CALL grammar lessons. The results indicated the need for teachers and researchers alike to observe students use of CALL.