cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport of riboflavin-binding protein to the hen oocyte: Bound vitamin is not required for protein deposition

Abstract The effect of riboflavin deficiency on the deposition of riboflavin-binding protein in chicken egg yolk and albumen was studied. Laying hens were fed either a riboflavin-deficient (.44 μg/g) or supplemented (9.5 μg/mg) diet and their plasma, egg yolk and albumen were assayed for the concentrations of riboflavin-binding protein and riboflavin by radioligand binding and isotope dilution. Riboflavin deficiency did not affect riboflavin-binding protein concentrations, but did decrease the proportion of protein that contained bound riboflavin in yolk and albumen. Thus, bound riboflavin is not required for deposition of riboflavin-binding protein into the developing oocyte, nor does riboflavin modulate synthesis or secretion of riboflavin-binding protein. In a second experiment, daily yolk deposition was monitored by force-feeding hens lipid- soluble dyes which were deposited in the developing oocyte and served as markers. The individual yolk rings were assayed for riboflavin-binding protein and riboflavin. These experiments showed that riboflavin-binding protein deposition is continuous throughout oocyte development, whereas the ratio of riboflavin to riboflavin-binding protein decreases gradually to near zero after transfer of the hen to a riboflavin-deficient diet. If oocyte deposition of riboflavin-binding protein is receptor-mediated, bound riboflavin is not required for the recognition and transport processes.
IMPROVING GERIATRIC HEALTH CARE: THE ROLE OF EDUCATION

A look to the past shows how education shaped the contemporary system of health care. The consequences of the structure of this system on health care of the elderly are discussed. We also describe an image of health care in the future based on the needs of the elderly. There are two courses of action that can be followed as the United States moves toward the first half of the 21st century. One course accepts the structure and direction of the contemporary system. The other suggests a reorganization of the health care system based on current and future needs of the population and the nature of resources available. Both of these courses of action are discussed and examples of existing programs cited. We believe medical educators must make the necessary changes toward one or both of these courses of action now to ensure improved geriatric health care in the future.
Dynamic resonant peak locking scheme for diode laser modulation spectroscopy

We describe a diode laser frequency control scheme that dynamically locks the laser to an absorption resonance line while simultaneously allowing the quantitative measure of absorption strengths as weak as a few parts in 10 6 . The method exploits a novel modulation scheme, and is capable of locking the laser to both stable and transient species in an electrically noisy environment such as that found in plasma etching reactors. We present an experimental demonstration using a lead salt diode laser operating near an rt plasma etching diode reactor and in an industrial-type triode reactor.
THEOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND THE HUMAN MIND: HOW MUCH CAN BIOLOGY EXPLAIN?

. Evolutionary biology contributes much to our present understanding of life, and it promises also to deepen our understanding of human intelligence, ethics, and even religion. For some scientific thinkers, however, Darwin's science seems so impressive that it now supplants theology altogether by providing the ultimate explanation of all manifestations of life, not only biologically but also metaphysically. By focusing on human intelligence as an emergent aspect of nature this essay examines the question of whether theology can still have an explanatory role to play alongside biology in attempts to understand mind.
Psychiatric nurses' expertise, interest in end-of-life care, and requests for continuing education on end of life.

Background: The time before dying can be extremely challenging and stressful. Gaps in end-of-life care include inadequate communication, education about end-of-life options, symptom control, and ma...
Multipurpose Test Structures and Process Characterization using 0.13 μm CMOS: The CHAMP ASIC

Abstract The University of Hawaii (UH) in collaboration with the University of Chicago (UC) submitted a test Application Speciﬁc Integrated Circuit (ASIC), the Chicago-Hawaii ASIC MultiPurpose (CHAMP), composed of a number of discrete test elements in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. This paper describes the structures submitted by UH and UC. Hawaii designs include high speed ﬂip-ﬂops, voltage controlled ring oscillators and delay lines, an Low Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) receiver, a set of four 64-cell waveform samplers with shared input, an analog storage and comparator structure, as well as a 12-bit Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). The Chicago designs include voltage controlled delay lines, delay locked loops, voltage controlled ring oscillators, transmission lines, and resistors. Each of the structures will be described, with simulation and test results presented.
Progress and problems of security in millennial society: An essay for the 25th volume of Security Journal

With the support of the ASIS Foundation, this journal began in an auspicious year: 1989. Over the past 25 volumes, the journal has reflected research in situational crime prevention, post-9/11 developments and internationalization in security thinking and practices.
Instructional Design and the Importance of Instructional Alignment

This paper highlights the instructional design process followed by the Maricopa Community College faculty in the creation of instructional modules in Digital Visual Literacy. The paper categorizes 10 tasks that an instructional designer, a teacher, or a trainer performs during the design phase of the instructional design process. The importance of alignment between each of these 10 instructional elements is stressed in the paper. Also described are two different design models (top-down model and the matrix model) that were used by the faculty in the design of instructional materials. The matrix model has been found to be more effective in aligning the 10 instructional elements. Also included are survey results on the importance of the instructional design elements and if instructors include these elements in their lesson design in a community college setting.
Neutron capture in 238U

Abstract The γ-ray spectrum following slow neutron capture in 238U has been measured as a function of incident neutron energy at the Brookhaven HFBR fast neutron chopper. The decay scheme proposed by previous (d, p) and high resolution thermal (n, γ) measurements has been substantially verified. Partial radiation widths for s-wave resonances up to 117 eV have been deduced. By using a simple multi-level analysis, the spectra between resonances from 21 eV down to thermal have been fitted. The behavior of the strong transitions to low-lying l = 1 states is explained using a direct capture model, while the transitions to low-lying collective states can be explained by level-level interference. The distribution of El transition strengths is not consistent with a χ2 distribution of one degree of freedom.
Optimal preventive maintenance policies in an M/G/1 queue-like production system

Abstract This paper considers the maintenance of an unreliable M/G/1 queue-like production system. Using arguments from renewal theory, basic results of the maintenance policy are established. Furthermore, some inferences are drawn regarding of maintenanc policy when both the quality and quantity issues in a production system are considered. The results indicate that the optimal maintenance policy is very sensitive to the monitoring technology adopted by the production system. If the system does not have a good monitoring technology, then preventive maintenance operations are very important to the production system. On the other hand, if the system has a good monitoring technology, it may be optimal to conduct only repair (unscheduled) maintenance operations. The results also indicate if the system is too unreliable (i.e., the probability of switching from an in-control to an out-of-control state is high), then irrespective of the maintenance policy used, the system will always incur a loss. Thus, it is best not to operate the system.
Solar furnace determination of high-temperature absorption coefficients

Abstract Recent experiments have demonstrated that a solar furnace serves as an excellent tool for establishing heat absorption coefficients of materials at extremely high temperatures. An outline of the experiments with a naval brass sample (60.4% Cu, 39.6% Zn) illustrates the general method used. A sample was soaked at 1575°F and quenched in an ice bath so that the single-phase beta structure could be retained. This sample was then exposed in the furnace for 1.7 seconds and sectioned, polished, etched, and photographed. The ASM Metals Handbook gave the melting point at the exposed face, 1645°F, the temperature between the single-phase and two-phase regions near the exposed face, 1400°F, and the temperature between the two-phase region and the original structure, 675°F. The solar energy incident on the earth was calculated by calorimetry to be 1.9 calories/cm 2 /minute. The McAdams' equation is used for calculating the temperature profile of a semi-infinite solid by rapid heating for a short period. With a furnace efficiency of 30 per cent the absorption coefficient for brass is 0.17.
Differential effects of cytochrome P-450 induction on ligand binding to σ receptors

The identity of the sigma receptor as a form of cytochrome P-450 was investigated in rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene or phenobarbital. The density of [3H]N,N'-di(o-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) binding to sigma 2 receptors in hepatic subcellular fractions increased following both treatments, while [3H](+)-pentazocine binding to sigma 1 receptors was unchanged. Furthermore, proadifen and piperonyl butoxide inhibited [3H](+)-pentazocine and [3H]DTG binding with low potency. The low affinity of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors for sigma receptors, the similar degree of enhancement of [3H]DTG binding by agents with disparate cytochrome P-450 induction profiles and the lack of change in [3H](+)-pentazocine binding are inconsistent with the identity of the sigma receptor as a cytochrome P-450.
Small G proteins Rac1 and Ras regulate serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5)·extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) complexes involved in the feedback regulation of Raf1

Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5, PPP5C) is known to interact with the chaperonin heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular signaling cascades that control diverse cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, motility, and apoptosis. Here, we identify PP5 in stable complexes with extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Studies using mutant proteins reveal that the formation of PP5·ERK1 and PP5·ERK2 complexes partially depends on HSP90 binding to PP5 but does not require PP5 or ERK1/2 activity. However, PP5 and ERK activity regulates the phosphorylation state of Raf1 kinase, an upstream activator of ERK signaling. Whereas expression of constitutively active Rac1 promotes the assembly of PP5·ERK1/2 complexes, acute activation of ERK1/2 fails to influence the phosphatase-kinase interaction. Introduction of oncogenic HRas (HRasV12) has no effect on PP5-ERK1 binding but selectively decreases the interaction of PP5 with ERK2, in a manner that is independent of PP5 and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) activity, yet paradoxically requires ERK2 activity. Additional studies conducted with oncogenic variants of KRas4B reveal that KRasL61, but not KRasV12, also decreases the PP5-ERK2 interaction. The expression of wild type HRas or KRas proteins fails to reduce PP5-ERK2 binding, indicating that the effect is specific to HRasV12 and KRasL61 gain-of-function mutations. These findings reveal a novel, differential responsiveness of PP5-ERK1 and PP5-ERK2 interactions to select oncogenic Ras variants and also support a role for PP5·ERK complexes in regulating the feedback phosphorylation of PP5-associated Raf1.
Environmental risk factors for breast cancer among African-American women

There are few unequivocably established environmental carcinogens for breast cancer in women. Nevertheless, environmental factors are believed to explain much of the international variation in breast cancer risk and possibly differences among racial/ethnic groups. Along with lifestyle, some adverse exposures may be higher in minority racial/ethnic groups and in underserved populations that experience higher ambient contamination. Associations have been found between environmental agents and breast cancer in subgroups of women who can be identified by common susceptibility traits as well as by timing of exposures at certain milestones of reproductive life. Susceptibility can be defined by social, environmental, and genetic modalities-factors that may predominate in certain racial/ethnic groups but that also transcend racial/ethnic boundaries. For example, genes involved in transcription and estrogen metabolism have rapid variants that are more prevalent among African-Americans, yet risk accompanying metabolic changes from these genes will prevail in all racial/ethnic groups. Lack of reliable exposure assessment remains a principal obstacle to elucidating the role of environmental exposures in breast cancer. Resources must be identified and consolidated that will enable scientists to improve exposure assessment and to assemble studies of sufficient size to address questions regarding exposure, susceptibility, and vulnerability factors in breast cancer. Breast cancer studies should be expanded to examine combinations of chemicals as well as competing or complementary exposures such as endogenous hormones, dietary intake, and behavioral factors.
SEX, GENDER AND VIOLENCE: ESTELA WELLDON'S CONTRIBUTION TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE

Estela Welldon's analyses of female violence show that we cannot understand any violence, including that of men, without understanding that of women. Past research has identified shame and humiliation as a necessary, but not sufficient, cause of violence. Why, then, are women not more violent than men since they are often treated as inferior to men? Because both sexes are honoured for conforming to the gender role into which they are socialized, and are shamed for behaving in ways assigned to the other sex. Men are honoured for being perpetrators and victims of violence, and hence ‘violence-objects’, and shamed for non-violence. Women, by contrast, are honoured for sexual chastity and non-violence, and shamed for having sex outside marriage, behaving violently, or in any other way behaving like a man. They thus become ‘sex-objects’ (having renounced their sexual subjectivity), and will become violent only if (like Medea), they have already been shamed so severely and irretrievably that they have nothing more to lose by resorting to violence.
Foliage Consumption and Damage Potential of Odontota horni and Baliosus nervosus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Soybean

The damage potential of two hispid leaf beetles in soybean was investigated. Larvae of Odontota horni Smith and Ba/iosus nervosus Panzer mined an averge (± SD) of 4.79 ± 1.23 and 1.44 ± 0.37 cm2 of soybean leaf tissue, respectively. Total adult foliage consumption was 15.40 ± 3.77 cm2 for O. horni and 5.80 ± 1.78 cm2 for B. nervosus . The pattern of daily adult foliage consumption is described for both species. The potential for pod damage by adults of O. horni seems slight. Economic injury level calculations indicated that B. nervosus and larval O. horni populations would rarely require control. Adult O. horni populations may cause economic losses at the time of plant emergence. The damage potential of adult populations later in the season may be of importance when considered in combination with damage caused by other soybean pests.
U.S. Inflation and Commodity Prices: Analytical and Empirical Issues

This paper reviews both theoretical and empirical issues regarding inflation and evaluates the contribution of Kyrtsou and Labys. Analytically it is very difficult to propose a general theory of inflation because as economies evolve over time both new causes of inflation emerge and the consequences of inflation become more complex. Kyrtsou and Labys perform several tests between the Primary Commodity Price component of the PPI and the CPI and construct a noisy chaotic multivariate model that describes the relationship between these two measures of inflation.
An inverse-free Newton-Jarratt-type iterative method for solving equations under the gamma condition

A local as well as a semilocal convergence analysis for Newton–Jarratt–type iterative method for solving equations in a Banach space setting is studied here using information only at a point via a gamma-type condition (Argyros in Approximate Solution of Operator Equations with Applications, [2005]; Wang in Chin. Sci. Bull. 42(7):552–555, [1997]). This method has already been examined by us in (Argyros et al. in J. Comput. Appl. Math. 51:103–106, [1994]; Argyros in Comment. Mat. XXIII:97–108, [1994]), where the order of convergence four was established using however information on the domain of the operator. In this study we also establish the same order of convergence under weaker conditions. Moreover we show that all though we use weaker conditions the results obtained here can be used to solve equations in cases where the results in (Argyros et al. in J. Comput. Appl. Math. 51:103–106, [1994]; Argyros in Comment. Mat. XXIII:97–108, [1994]) cannot apply. Our method is inverse free, and therefore cheaper at the second step in contrast with the corresponding two–step Newton methods. Numerical Examples are also provided.
Multidisciplinary Collaboration to Support Struggling Readers: Centering Culture in Concerns About Process and Outcomes

Our commentary responds to the five articles of the special issue on multidisciplinary collaboration to support struggling readers. From our perspectives informed by experiences working with diverse student and family populations in urban settings, preparing pre- and in-service educators and specialists to do the same, and working in federally funded technical assistance and dissemination centers focused on equity issues in general and special education, we highlight themes and raise issues across the articles. Accordingly, we discuss learning to read in the broader context of literacy acquisition, and examine issues of effectiveness, power, and privilege within consultative and collaborative professional relationships aimed at addressing diverse learners' reading capacities and outcomes.
Thermodynamics and diffusion behavior of interstitial solute atoms in non-perfect solvent crystals

Abstract The effect upon the thermodynamic functions and diffusion behavior of the interaction of interstitial solute atoms with lattice discontinuities has been calculated. The calculations are based on first-neighbor first-order statistics and the absolute rate reaction theory. It is shown that the calculations are consistent with the observed behavior of hydrogen in b.c.c. iron if it is assumed that the iron contains a density of ‘trapping’ sites in the range 10 −6 –10 −3 such sites per Fe atom and the depth of the sites is ~ −27 kJ/mole. The form of the distribution function relating the ratio of the number of solute atoms in ‘normal’ lattice sites to these located in ‘trapping’ sites to temperature is a modified Fermi-Dirac function.
Crossed products over prime rings

In this paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the crossed productR *G to be prime or semiprime under the assumption thatR is prime. The main techniques used are the Δ-methods which reduce these questions to the finite normal subgroups ofG and a study of theX-inner automorphisms ofR which enables us to handle these finite groups. In particular we show thatR *G is semiprime ifR has characteristic 0. Furthermore, ifR has characteristicp>0, thenR *G is semiprime if and only ifR *P is semiprime for all elementary abelianp-subgroupsP of Δ+(G) ∩G inn.
Rapid metabolism of Moloney leukemia virus precursor polypeptides in virus infected swiss mouse embryo cells

Viral protein synthesis in Moloney murine leukemia virus infected high passage mouse embryo cells was studied utilizing monospecific antisera to the viral core protein p30 and envelope protein gp71. Pulse-chase analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides in combination with the demonstration of the presence of either gp71 or p30-specific antigenic determinants in them indicated a 84,000-dalton polypeptide as the precursor of viral glycoproteins and four metabolically unstable polypeptides of approximate molecular weights 88,000, 72,000, 62,000, and 39,000 as the precursors of viral core protein, p30. The p30-containing 88,000 and 72,000-dalton polypeptides were distinctly seen in this system under normal growth conditions. Further, the processing of p30 precursors was very rapid and was complete during a 40 min chase while only partial processing of glycoprotein precursor was observed during the same period.
Mechanisms of Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase by Nitroxyl, the Active Metabolite of the Alcohol Deterrent Agent Cyanamide

Nitroxyl, produced in the bioactivation of the alcohol deterrent agent cyanamide, is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (AIDH); however, the mechanism of inhibition of AlDH by nitroxyl has not been described previously. Nitroxyl is also generated from Angeli's salt (Na2N2O3) at physiological pH, and, indeed, Angeli's salt inhibited yeast AlDH in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values under anaerobic conditions with and without NAD+ of 1.3 and 1.8 microM, respectively. Benzaldehyde, a substrate for AlDH, competitively blocked the inhibition of this enzyme by nitroxyl in the presence of NAD+, but not in its absence, in accord with the ordered mechanism of this reaction. The sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol (5 mM) and reduced glutathione (10 mM) completely blocked the inhibition of AlDH by Angeli's salt. These thiols were also able to partially restore activity to the nitroxyl-inhibited enzyme, the extent of reactivation being dependent on the pH at which the inactivation occurred. This pH dependency indicates the formation of two inhibited forms of the enzyme, with an irreversible form predominant at pH 7.5 and below, and a reversible form predominant at pH 8.5 and above. The reversible form of the inhibited enzyme is postulated to be an intra-subunit disulfide, while the irreversible form is postulated to be a sulfinamide. Both forms of the inhibited enzyme are derived via a common N-hydroxysulfenamide intermediate produced by the addition of nitroxyl to active site cysteine thiol(s).
Evaluation of 5′-nucleotidase as an enzyme marker in ovarian carcinoma

A plasma membrane ectoenzyme in mammalian cells, 5'-nucleotidase, was evaluated as a marker for ovarian carcinoma. Activities of this enzyme were determined in homogenates from normal (N = 17) and malignant ovaries (N = 17), as well as in the sera from control women (N = 35), ovarian cancer patients with active disease (N = 24), and those in clinical remission (N = 9). A significant reduction of the activity of 5'-nucleotidase was observed in tumor homogenates compared with homogenates from normal ovaries. Levels of this enzyme in the sera of ovarian cancer patients were higher than in control women, suggesting the possibility of shedding of this enzyme from the tumor cell surface to the systemic circulation of the host. The diagnostic value of serum 5'-necleotidase levels was compared with another enzyme marker for ovarian carcinoma, viz. serum glycoprotein:galactosyltransferase. The upper limit of normal was set at 2 SD higher than the normal mean. Elevation of serum 5'-nucleotidase was observed in 12/24 (50%) patients with active disease, and 1/9 (11%) patients with clinical remission. In contrast, serum glycoprotein:galactosyltransferase was elevated in all the serum samples from patients with active disease and in none of those with clinical remission. There was some correlation between the serum levels of 5'-nucleotidase and those of glycoprotein:galactosyltransferase (0.01 less than P less than 0.05). Elevation of 5'-nucleotidase in the serum of these patients was not due to liver metastasis. Serum 5'-nucleotidase levels seem to correlate with disease status in some ovarian carcinoma patients, but in general it is inferior to serum glycoprotein:galactosyltransferase as a tumor marker.
Does Advertising on Black Entertainment Television Portray More Positive Gender Representations Compared to Broadcast Networks

This article reports on a content analysis of television commercials (n = 434) aired during prime-time on US general networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, and FOX) and an African American niche station (Black Entertainment Television—BET) in 2002. Targeted group/nontargeted group representations are explored in relation to depictions of domestic/romantic fulfillment and agency. The findings reveal that although the majority of characters on all stations studied were male and White, the niche station did provide a venue for some positive gender representations. Specifically, characters on BET were more likely to be portrayed as respected and as sex-objects. Findings demonstrate that although the niche station BET represents a venue for minority voices, it is also a source of problematic representations of gender.
The transition from subsonic to supersonic cracks

We present the full analytical solution for steady-state in-plane crack motion in a brittle triangular lattice. This allows quick numerical evaluation of solutions for very large systems, facilitating comparisons with continuum fracture theory. Cracks that propagate faster than the Rayleigh wave speed have been thought to be forbidden in the continuum theory, but clearly exist in lattice systems. Using our analytical methods, we examine in detail the motion of atoms around a crack tip as crack speed changes from subsonic to supersonic. Subsonic cracks feature displacement fields consistent with a stress intensity factor. For supersonic cracks, the stress intensity factor disappears. Subsonic cracks are characterized by small-amplitude, high-frequency oscillations in the vertical displacement of an atom along the crack line, while supersonic cracks have large-amplitude, low-frequency oscillations. Thus, while supersonic cracks are no less physical than subsonic cracks, the connection between microscopic and macroscopic behaviour must be made in a different way. This is one reason supersonic cracks in tension had been thought not to exist.
Balm an Extendable List-Processing Language

The LISP 1.5 programming language has emerged as one of the preferred languages for writing complex programs, as well as an important theoretical tool. Among other things, the ability of LISP to treat programs as data and vice versa has made it a prime choice as a host for a number of experimental languages. However, even the most enthusiastic LISP programmers admit that the language is cumbersome in the extreme.
Impact of Moderate Functional Mitral Insufficiency in Patients Undergoing Surgical Revascularization

Background-Mild and moderate functional ischemic mitral insufficiency present at the time of surgical revascularization present clinical uncertainty. It is unclear whether the relatively poor outcomes in this cohort are dependent on valvular function or related to left ventricular dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the early and late outcomes in patients with less-than-severe functional ischemic mitral insufficiency at the time of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods and Results-From 1996 through 2004, 2242 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG were identified as having none to moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) and no valve leaflet pathology. All of the patients at this single institution routinely had an intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, prospectively quantified MR, and ejection fraction (EF). The New York State Cardiac Surgery Reporting System infrastructure was used to prospectively collect in-hospital patient variables and outcomes. Social Security Death Benefit Index was used to determine long-term survival. Odds ratio and significance (P value) are presented for each determined risk factor. There were 841 patients (37.5%) with no MR, 1137 (50.7%) with mild MR, and 264 (11.8%) with moderate MR. The patients with moderate MR were more likely to be older, female, and have more renal disease, previous MI, congestive heart failure, previous cardiac surgery, and lower EFs. Hospital mortality was independently and significantly associated with renal disease, decreasing EF, increasing age, previous cardiac operation, and cerebral vascular disease. Multivariable analysis revealed decreased survival with increasing age, previous operation, congestive heart failure, diabetes, nonelective operation, decreasing EF, and the presence of moderate MR (expβ = 1.49; P=0.007) and mild MR (exp/3 = 1.34; P=0.033). Conclusions-Independent of ventricular function, mild and moderate functional mitral insufficiency are associated with significantly decreased survival in patients undergoing CABG. Whether correction of moderate functional MR at the time of CABG improves outcome still needs to be determined.
Delayed Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Takayasu Arteritis

![Figure][1] A 12-year-old Hispanic girl was referred for evaluation of hypertension and a heart murmur. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed long-segment coarctation of the aorta. (A) Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography confirmed long-segment narrowing of the aortic arch
Impaired lymphocyte functions in heterozygous rabbits recovering from neonatal allotype suppression

Lymphocytes from heterozygous rabbits suppressed for an allotypic determinant on kappa light chains by exposure to maternally derived antibodies specific for the paternal gene product were analyzed for their capacity to express membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin (Ig). Individual cells displaying allotypic membrane Ig (mIg) were enumerated by a rosette test, while Ig-secreting cells were assessed by means of a hemolytic plaque assay. In a group of suppressed rabbits varying in age from 3 to 19 months, the proportion of cells with mIg of the paternal type was markedly higher than that of cells secreting that type of Ig. The same high proportion of lymphocytes displaying mIg of the suppressed type was observed whether lymphocytes from blood, spleen, or lymph nodes of suppressed rabbits were examined. In contrast, similar analyses performed with cells of normal heterozygous rabbits showed no discrepancy between mIg expression and secretion of either allotype. Lymphocytes synthesizing Ig of the paternal type were also defective in responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which stimulates differentiation to Ig secretion in normal B lymphocytes. These results support the idea that B lymphocytes capable of synthesizing the suppressed type of Ig have functional impairments affecting secretion and responses to environmental stimuli.
Where the Guys Are: Males in Higher Education.

In 2006, Jennifer Delahunty Britz, dean of admissions at Kenyon College in Ohio, scandalized many readers of The New York Times by her op-ed (“To All the Girls I've Rejected,” March 23) about a rel...
Benefit From, Satisfaction With, and Cost-Effectiveness of Three Different Hearing Aid Technologies

Clinical decision-making has become more complex as newer, more costly, hearing aid (HA) technologies become available. The expanding array of more expensive HAs demands that clinical researchers continue to justify the value of these instruments relative to the substantial increase in cost to both the provider and consumer.In the present report, 25 current conventional HA users with adult onset of sensorineural hearing loss were fitted with: (a) a one-channel linear HA; (b) a two-channel, nonlinear HA; and (c) a seven-band, two-channel digital signal processing (DSP) HA. All instruments were mini behind-the-ear units with identifying information removed from the cases. Subjects wore each HA for at least a 1-month period.A set of laboratory (Speech Perception in Noise [SPIN] test; audibility index calculated from real-ear measurements) and self-report (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit; Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly/Adults; Knowles Hearing Aid Satisfaction Survey; preference ratings) outcome measures were used to evaluate the benefit from, satisfaction with, and cost-effectiveness of each test HA. As expected, there were statistically significant differences between unaided and aided conditions across HAs.Although the DSP instrument yielded significantly higher word recognition scores on the SPIN test, no differences were observed among the test HAs for the standardized self-report measures. In contrast, however, more than 75% of the subjects preferred the "higher end" instruments. Yet, 33% of the subjects changed their preference for the "higher end" instruments after being informed of costs. A cost-effectiveness model for evaluating the relationship between HA retail purchase price and improvements in performance/benefit is presented.
Identity, Monumentality, Security

Abstract One of the major undertakings of the newly established Turkish nation-state was the making of a modern bourgeois identity. A particularly important site for this project was K|z|lay Square in the new capital of Ankara, which would serve as both the political focus of the nation-state and the locus for the social activities of the emerging bourgeoisie. The means for integrating these two functions in the same space would be the Security Monument designed for the square. However, the production of the monument would illustrate the uneasy relation between the Turkish nation-state and the formation of a modern bourgeois identity.
Hopes and hazards of transculturalism

Educators of international students are frequently challenged by a clashing diversity of cultures in a global classroom. This study examines the sorts of themes and images that might resonate across nationalities and cultures, and could then be used to ease the way for students and educators in international classes. The analysis indicates that applied themes and images, including babies and children, animals, relationships, sports, life cycles, and self image, may help evoke a positive transcultural resonance that draws on a common base of shared experience. The findings are used to consider instructional applications for more effective learning in international classroom settings, and to identify the hazards of misapplying transcultural tools.
The effect of sphere–wall interactions on particle motion in a viscoelastic suspension of FENE dumbbells

Abstract A new method for simulating the motion of particles in viscoelastic Boger fluids is extended to problems with bounded geometries. Viscoelasticity is incorporated into the Stokesian dynamics method by modeling a viscoelastic fluid as a suspension of finite-extension nonlinear-elastic (FENE) dumbbells. Wall–particle and wall–bead interactions are included by using the image system method of Blake; particle–particle and particle–bead interactions are also modified by the presence of the wall. The method of incorporating sphere–wall interactions is verified by doing calculations for several problems involving particle–wall interactions in Newtonian fluids. The method is then used to study particle–wall interactions in viscoelastic dumbbell suspensions by examining several problems of interest: the sedimentation of a spherical particle near vertical and tilted walls; the sedimentation of a nonspherical particle between two flat plates; and the migration of a neutrally buoyant sphere in plane Poiseuille flow. We find that a single sphere falling near a wall moves toward the wall and exhibits anomalous rotation. When the wall is tilted by an amount less than a few degrees, the sphere still moves toward the wall, but tilting the wall greater than an angle of approximately 1.5° results in the sphere falling away from the wall. A nonspherical particle settling in a channel exhibits an oscillatory motion, but ultimately becomes centered in the channel with its long axis parallel to gravity. Finally, it is shown that a neutrally buoyant sphere in plane Poiseuille flow migrates to the channel center in wide channels, but migrates to the walls when the sphere is sufficiently large relative to the channel width.
Clinical and mycological effect of clotrimazole/betamethasone dipropionate cream versus ketoconazole cream in patients with tinea cruris

In treating tinea cruris, the use of corticosteroids in combination with antifungal agents to facilitate symptomatic relief is viewed by some practitioners as controversial, because the immunosuppr...
Carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for high-risk malignant lymphoma

Summary Background The combination of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) is an effective autologous transplantation preparative regimen for lymphoma and has little toxicity, but the feasibility and tolerance of BEAM as a preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation has not been established. Patients and methods Thirty adults with primary refractory or recurrent intermediate- or low-grade lymphoma were treated on a prospective phase II study with carmustine 300 mg/m2i.v. day −6, etoposide 200 mg/m2 i.v. followed by cytarabine 200 mg/m2 i.v. twice daily days −5 to −2, melphalan 140 mg/m2 i.v. day −1, and marrow or blood stem cells from an HLA-identical donor on day 0. Tacrolimus and methotrexate were used to prevent graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Results Median time from transplantation was 20 mos (range 6–32 months). Median maximal regimen-related toxicity grade was 2, and four patients (13%) had a grade 3–4 regimen-related toxicity. Two patients had idiopathic interstitial pneu-monitis. One patient had primary graft failure, and a second had autologous reconstitution documented at three months posttransplant. Grades 2–4 acute GVHD occurred in 31%, grades 3–4 in 16%, and chronic GVHD in 54%. Day-100 survival was 70%. Twenty-three patients achieved a complete response. The two-year relapse rate was 23%, survival was 48%, and disease-free survival (DFS) was 42%. Conclusions BEAM supports engraftment of allogeneic transplants and is a tolerable preparative regimen for allogeneic transplantation for lymphoma.
Rapid Method for Quantitative Determination of Propoxyphene in Serum by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Rapid, accurate, and precise gas-chromatographic methods are reported for measurement of propoxyphene ("Darvon") in serum. A sample of 5 ml of serum is required for quantitation in blood after a therapeutic dose of 130-195 mg of propoxyphene; in cases of overdose of propoxyphene, only 1 ml of serum is required in a "toxic method" variation. Neither serum from healthy controls or from hospitalized patients contains interfering substances. Several commonly used analgesic and sedative drugs, added to a serum pool, also did not interfere. Day-to-day precision of the therapeutic method, as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV), is 7%; the CV for the method as applied to overdose cases is less than 3%. Propoxyphene added to serum could be about 86% accounted for analytically.
Interplay of gene expression noise and ultrasensitive dynamics affects bacterial operon organization.

Bacterial chromosomes are organized into polycistronic cotranscribed operons, but the evolutionary pressures maintaining them are unclear. We hypothesized that operons alter gene expression noise characteristics, resulting in selection for or against maintaining operons depending on network architecture. Mathematical models for 6 functional classes of network modules showed that three classes exhibited decreased noise and 3 exhibited increased noise with same-operon cotranscription of interacting proteins. Noise reduction was often associated with a decreased chance of reaching an ultrasensitive threshold. Stochastic simulations of the lac operon demonstrated that the predicted effects of transcriptional coupling hold for a complex network module. We employed bioinformatic analysis to find overrepresentation of noiseminimizing operon organization compared with randomized controls. Among constitutively expressed physically interacting protein pairs, higher coupling frequencies appeared at lower expression levels, where noise effects are expected to be dominant. Our results thereby suggest an important role for gene expression noise, in many cases interacting with an ultrasensitive switch, in maintaining or selecting for operons in bacterial chromosomes.
AC performance of nanoelectronics: towards a ballistic THz nanotube transistor

We present phenomenological predictions for the cutoff frequency of carbon nanotube transistors. We also present predictions of the effects parasitic capacitances on AC nanotube transistor performance. The influence of quantum capacitance, kinetic inductance, and ballistic transport on the high-frequency properties of nanotube transistors is analyzed. We discuss the challenges of impedance matching for ac nano-electronics in general, and show how integrated nanosystems can solve this challenge. Our calculations show that carbon nano-electronics may be faster than conventional Si, SiGe, GaAs, or InP semiconductor technologies. We predict a cutoff frequency of 80 GHz/L, where L is the gate length in microns, opening up the possibility of a ballistic THz nanotube transistor.
Magneto-optical modulator for superconducting digital output interface

We propose an ultrafast magneto-optic (MO) modulator for the SFQ-to-optical digital interface. Our MO modulator is based on the Faraday effect and consists of a microwave microstrip line (MSL) with a polarization-sensitive MO active medium and a fiber-optic cw light delivery. The light modulation occurs in parallel to the magnetic field and perpendicular to the rf signal propagation. The low characteristic impedance of MSL, together with the superconducting ground plane, ensures that the magnetic-field component of the electromagnetic signal is uniform and effectively "focused" across the length of the modulator. For several different MO devices of the above geometry, we have numerically calculated magnetic-field distributions inside the MO material and verified that the H field was uniform over the width of the top electrode. The input modulation current was assumed to be 1 mA-the realistic upper current-output value for the Nb-based SFQ circuit. Taking EuSe as the MO material at 4.2 K, we obtained H=2.51 Oe for a device with 100-/spl mu/m-wide top electrode and characteristic impedance of 4.4 /spl Omega/. The H magnitude could be further increased to as much as 60 Oe for a macroscopic device with the 5-mm-long optical interaction distance, yielding the 36/spl deg/ phase retardation and /spl sim/10% modulation depth in the single-pass-type device. The most desired configuration for the MO modulator was found to be a Mach-Zehnder design. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer increases the device sensitivity, making it very attractive for direct, SFQ-to-optical digital I/O interface.
Homogeneous radiopaque polymers with organobismuth compounds

Le triphenyl bismuth forme des melanges homogenes avec le PS, le PVC, le PE, les polyacrylates et d'autres polymeres. Ces melanges peuvent etre prepares par coulee de solution, a l'etat fondu ou par polymerisation de melanges monomere/BiPh 3 . La radioopacite est proportionnelle a la teneur en BiPh 3 et est superieure a celle des melanges a base d'aluminium. BiPh 3 est insoluble dans l'eau, resiste a l'humidite et est stable thermiquement
Efficient discovery of common substructures in macromolecules

Biological macromolecules play a fundamental role in disease; therefore, they are of great interest to fields such as pharmacology and chemical genomics. Yet due to macromolecules' complexity, development of effective techniques for elucidating structure-function macromolecular relationships has been ill explored. Previous techniques have either focused on sequence analysis, which only approximates structure-function relationships, or on small coordinate datasets, which does not scale to large datasets or handle noise. We present a novel scalable approach to efficiently discover macromolecule substructures based on three-dimensional coordinate data, without domain-specific knowledge. The approach combines structure-based frequent pattern discovery with search space reduction and coordinate noise handling. We analyze computational performance compared to traditional approaches, validate that our approach can discover meaningful substructures in noisy macromolecule data by automated discovery of primary and secondary protein structures, and show that our technique is superior to sequence-based approaches at determining structural, and thus functional, similarity between proteins.
The rollup of a vortex layer near a wall

The behavior of an inviscid vortex layer of non-zero thickness near a wall is studied, both through direct numerical simulation of the two-dimensional vorticity equation at high Reynolds numbers, and using an approximate ordinary nonlinear integro-differential equation which is satisfied in the limit of a thin layer under long-wavelength perturbations. For appropriate initial conditions the layer rolls up and breaks into compact vortices which move along the wall at constant speed. Because of the effect of the wall, they correspond to equilibrium counter-rotating vortex dipoles. This breakup can be related to the disintegration of the initial conditions of the approximate nonlinear dispersive equation into solitary waves. The study is motivated by the formation of longitudinal vortices from vortex sheets in the wall region of a turbulent channel.
Refactoring local to cloud data types for mobile apps

Mobile cloud computing can greatly enrich the capabilities of today’s pervasive mobile devices. Storing data on the cloud can enable features such as automatic backup, seamless transition between multiple devices, and multiuser support for existing apps. However, the process of converting local into cloud data types requires high expertise, is difficult, and time-consuming. Refactoring techniques can greatly simplify this process. In this paper we present a formative study where we analyzed and successfully converted four real-world touchdevelop apps into cloud-enabled apps. Based on these lessons, we designed and implemented, CLOUDIFYER, a tool that automatically refactors local data types into cloud data types on the touchdevelop platform. Our empirical evaluation on a corpus of 123 mobile apps resulting in 2722 transformations shows (i) that the refactoring is widely applicable, (ii) CLOUDIFYER saves human effort, and (iii) CLOUDIFYER is accurate.