cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual tree and stand-level carbon and nutrient contents across one rotation of loblolly pine plantations on a reclaimed surface mine

While reclaimed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in east Texas, USA have demonstrated similar aboveground productivity levels relative to unmined forests, there is interest in assessing carbon (C) and nutrients in aboveground components of reclaimed trees. Numerous studies have previously documented aboveground biomass, C, and nutrient contents in loblolly pine plantations; however, similar data have not been collected on mined lands. We investigated C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg aboveground contents for first-rotation loblolly pine growing on reclaimed mined lands in the Gulf Coastal Plain over a 32-year chronosequence and correlated elemental rates to stand age, stem growth, and similar data for unmined lands. At the individual tree level, we evaluated elemental contents in aboveground biomass components using tree size, age, and site index as predictor variables. At the stand-level, we then scaled individual tree C and nutrients and fit a model to determine the sensitivity of aboveground elemental contents to stand age and site index. Our data suggest that aboveground C and nutrients in loblolly pine on mined lands exceed or follow similar trends to data for unmined pine plantations derived from the literature. Diameter and height were the best predictors of individual tree stem C and nutrient contents (R ≥ 0.9473 and 0.9280, respectively) followed by stand age (R ≥ 0.8660). Foliage produced weaker relationships across all predictor variables compared to stem, though still significant (P ≤ 0.05). The model for estimating stand-level C and nutrients using stand age provided a good fit, indicating that contents aggrade over time predictably. Results of this study show successful modelling of reclaimed loblolly pine aboveground C and nutrients, and suggest elemental cycling is comparable to unmined lands, thus providing applicability of our model to related systems.
Cross-Sectional Studies Investigating the Impacts of Background Sounds on Cognitive Task Performance

This chapter synthesizes findings from a series of five studies examining the impacts of different background sounds on cognitive task performance. Four out of the five studies compared background sounds of silence, white noise (rain), calm music without lyrics (Rachmaninoff’s “Vocalize, Op. 34”), and fast, energetic music without lyrics (Benny Goodman’s “Sing, Sing, Sing”). The other study examined task performance under different musical tempos (fast, slow) and pitches (high, low). Cognitive load and academic domain (arithmetic, language, spatial) varied between studies. Findings indicated that, in general, the participants performed better on lower cognitive load tasks while listening to fast music. Performance on tasks with higher cognitive loads did not vary significantly by different listening backgrounds. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Should Scientists Talk About GMOs Nicely? Exploring the Effects of Communication Styles, Source Expertise, and Preexisting Attitude:

The present study investigated the effects of communication styles, source expertise, and audiences’ preexisting attitudes in the contexts of the debate regarding genetically modified organisms. A ...
THE IMPACT OF LUMBOPELVIC CONTROL ON OVERHEAD PERFORMANCE AND SHOULDER INJURY IN OVERHEAD ATHLETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Background The lumbopelvic region is utilized in almost all functional tasks and has been proposed to provide dynamic stability to distal extremities. Purpose To systematically evaluate the current literature that examined the effect of lumbopelvic control on overhead performance and shoulder injury in overhead athletes. Study design Systematic Review. Methods A comprehensive systematic electronic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. Articles were considered for inclusion if they included a measure of lumbopelvic control and assessed shoulder pain, disability, injury, or overhead performance outcome. Cohen's d effect size was calculated when necessary statistical data were available to determine the impact of lumbopelvic control. Results The search revealed 3,312 total articles and 2,883 articles were screened after duplicates were removed. After titles and abstracts were screened, 45 full text articles were reviewed. Fifteen full-text articles ultimately met inclusion criteria. Effect sizes ranged from trivial (0.10) to large (0.86), indicating a varying degree of positive effects on performance and shoulder injuries. The majority of included articles concluded individuals with greater lumbopelvic control demonstrated improved performance and decreased occurrence of injury. Conclusion Results suggest that improved lumbopelvic control relates to improved athletic performance and decreased shoulder injury. Additional higher quality research is needed to further support these findings, establish a standard measure for lumbopelvic control, and determine preventative factors for injury, pain, and disability. Level of evidence 2a.
Highway infrastructure and safety implications of AV technology in the motor carrier industry

Abstract This study explores the infrastructure investments needed to support the adoption of autonomous vehicles and provides potential safety benefits from AV technologies as a possible motivation for such investments. We assume that the motor carrier industry will be (one of) the first adopter(s) of such technologies, and therefore is the focus of this study. Using large truck crash data from 2013 through 2015 obtained from the Missouri State Highway Patrol, Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection decision trees are estimated to examine the effect of AV technologies on motor carrier crash severity. Results suggest that the greatest contributory predictors of crash severity outcomes are driving too fast for conditions, distracted/inattentive driving, overcorrecting and driving under the influence of alcohol. If these circumstances are altered by AV technologies, it is suggested that between 117 and 193 severe crashes involving large trucks could be prevented annually in Missouri alone. To render such safety benefits, key vehicle needs include autonomously controlling acceleration and steering, monitoring of the environment, and responding to dynamic driving environments without the need for human intervention. Importantly, the safe operations of a system that can perform such AV tasks require readable lane markings to capitalize on potential safety benefits.
Exploring the Relationship Between MyPlate Knowledge, Perceived Diet Quality, and Healthy Eating Behaviors Among Adolescents:

Purpose:MyPlate is the current dietary guidance icon meant to communicate healthy eating patterns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate knowledge of MyPlate nutrition education messages among m...
Threadsafe Dynamic Neighbor Lists for Monte Carlo Ray Tracing

Monte Carlo (MC) transport codes offer high-fidelity modeling of particle transport physics, but their high computational cost makes them impractical for many applications. For some applications su...
Prelimary Data for Suppression of Secondary Electron yield

The multipactor effect is a discharge phenomenon which may occur when secondary electron emission (SEE) is in resonance with an electric field under certain vacuum conditions [1]. Liberated electrons will oscillate between two surfaces driven by a radio frequency (RF) field; this discharge cultivates and sustains itself by SEE through reoccurring impacts with the surface. This can lead to deterioration of vacuum RF electronics' performance [2]. To suppress the multipactor effect, the secondary electron yield (SEY) must be reduced.
Forecasting carbon dioxide emissions

This study extends the literature on forecasting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by applying the reduced-form econometrics approach of Schmalensee et al. (1998) to a more recent sample period, the post-1997 period. Using the post-1997 period is motivated by the observation that the strengthening pace of global climate policy may have been accelerated since 1997. Based on our parameter estimates, we project 25% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 according to an economic and population growth scenario that is more consistent with recent global trends. Our forecasts are conservative due to that we do not have sufficient data to fully take into account recent developments in the global economy.
Thermomechanical finite element analysis to describe the engagement and wear of electromagnetic clutches

Abstract The engagement of electromagnetic clutches is modeled as transient sliding of smooth and concentric mild steel rings. The coupled thermomechanical problem is solved by finite element analysis. Calculations of transient stresses and temperatures are presented. Wear predictions, based on a local Archard model, are compared with measurements. The principal finding of the work is that smooth surface coupled thermomechanical finite element analysis fails to accurately capture thermal distortions or lack thereof as observed in tests. The asperity contacts reach high temperatures, hundreds of degrees Celsius, while the surrounding material remains much cooler and exhibits low temperature gradients. Thermal distortions are suppressed and the system operates successfully under far more severe conditions than expected. Isothermal analysis better captures the macroscopic pressure distributions in these devices than does the thermomechanical model. We also suggest a modification to local Archard model, which relates local normal pressure to wear depth. Inclusion of the macroscopic (von Mises) stress distributions, which are different on two the sliding surfaces, better captures the shapes of the observed wear tracks. Accurate modeling of such contacts will ultimately require the simultaneous analysis of microasperity contacts and the full component geometries.
Acuity of mental representations of pitch

Singing in one's mind or forming expectations about upcoming notes both require that mental images of one or more pitches will be generated. As with other musical abilities, the acuity with which such images are formed might be expected to vary across individuals and may depend on musical training. Results from several behavioral tasks involving intonation judgments indicate that multiple memory systems contribute to the formation of accurate mental images for pitch, and that the functionality of each is affected by musical training. Electrophysiological measures indicate that the ability to form accurate mental images is associated with greater engagement of auditory areas and associated error-detection circuitry when listeners imagine ascending scales and make intonation judgments about target notes. A view of auditory mental images is espoused in which unified mental image representations are distributed across multiple brain areas. Each brain area helps shape the acuity of the unified representation based on current behavioral demands and past experience.
Ion Transport Across Mammalian Small Intestine

The sections in this article are: 1 Transport of Monovalent Ions: General Considerations 2 Absorptive Processes for Sodium and Chloride 2.1 Na/H and Cl/HCO3 Exchanges 2.2 Is There NaCl Symport in Ileal Brush Border? 2.3 Role of Nutrients and Bile Salts 3 Secretion of Chloride and Bicarbonate 3.1 Cl Secretion 3.2 HCO3 Secretion
The Differential Effects of Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation on Political Intolerance

Decades of scholarship have identified several determinants of political intolerance, including authoritarianism and normative threat. Previous attempts in the literature to associate other individual difference variables (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO]) and situational variables (i.e., out-groups' gains in power and status) have been unsuccessful. Using a dual-process motivational (DPM) model framework, in Study 1 we found that SDO predicted political intolerance of groups with hierarchy-attenuating political objectives. This relationship was consistent over and above other well-known predictors of political intolerance, including right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). RWA predicted intolerance of groups with both hierarchy-attenuating and cohesion-reducing objectives. In Study 2, we manipulated whether an immigrant-rights group was described as presenting a normative threat or as gaining power and status. Consistent with extant findings, RWA moderated the effect of normative threat on political intolerance. More interestingly, SDO moderated the effect of gains in power and status on political intolerance. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Shubnikov-de Haas Measurements in Pb 1-x Sn x Te

Oscillatory-magnetoresistance measurements have been carried out on various samples of ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{x}\mathrm{Te}$. Compositions ranged from $x=0.16$ to $x=0.32$, carrier concentrations from 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{16}$ to 1.8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$, and most of the samples were $p$ type. The Fermi surface was found to consist of prolate ellipsoids oriented along the [111] axis at the $L$ points. The ellipsoid-anisotropy ratio $K$ has values between 10.5 and 11.2, and within an accuracy of about 10% is independent of carrier concentration and of $x$ within the above range. Effective masses and $g$ factors were also determined. For example, a sample with $x=0.216$ and with a hole density of 8.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ was found to have a transverse mass ${m}_{111}^{*}=0.0225m$, where $m$ is the free electron mass. The mass was observed to decrease with decreasing carrier density. Clear spin splitting was observed in the [110] and [100] directions in this sample with ${g}_{110}=52$ and ${g}_{100}=37$. The ratio of spin splitting to Landau-level spacing was found to be approximately 0.68 for both directions. The carrier density as determined by Hall measurements agrees with the number of states calculated from the measured Fermi-surface dimensions. Extra frequency branches such as those observed by Burke et al. in SnTe and in ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.87}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{0.13}$Te were not found.
Antitrust Enforcement Regimes: Fundamental Differences

Since China has modeled its antitrust regime on that of the EU, there are essentially two antitrust regime types: the U.S. and the EU. This chapter is a brief comparative study of the two regimes. I focus on three categories in which fundamental differences are observed: enforcement, legal standards, and procedure. Within each of the three categories, I narrow the focus to a specific illustrative feature. With respect to enforcement, the EU imposes gain-based penalties while the U.S. imposes harm-based penalties. In predation law, the U.S. has a marginal cost standard and the EU has an average cost standard. With respect to procedure, the U.S. is a common law system, while the EU’s procedure is closer to the civil law system in its allocation of power between the courts and the enforcement agency. These differences have profound implications for the welfare consequences of global antitrust enforcement.
Comparison of microsuspension laryngoscopy positions: a randomized, prospective study.

Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate muscle fatigue and participant pain in the upper back, cervical, and arm muscles associated with microlaryngeal surgery (MLS) in standardized favorable and unfavorable ergonomic positions. Study Design Individual randomized counterbalanced design. Methods Electromyographic sensors were placed on targeted muscles involved with performing MLS on 18 otolaryngology residents/fellows. Subjects were randomly counterbalanced in both favorable and unfavorable positions while completing simulated laryngeal microsurgical tasks. Participants reported their extent of muscle discomfort in targeted muscle regions on a standardized survey. Results Muscle fatigue and self-reported pain were reduced, and productivity was improved in the favorable position. In the lower trapezius, significantly less muscle activation (P = 0.025) and less pain (P < 0.05) were found while in the favorable position compared to the unfavorable position. Conclusion This is the first study to demonstrate electromyographic evidence of decreased muscle activation and fatigue, in addition to self-reported pain with a more favorable microsurgical ergonomic position, which may help surgeons avoid musculoskeletal injuries. Level of Evidence 1b. Laryngoscope, 125:649–654, 2015
Novel neutron sources at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility

Since the 1960s, the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) has been providing researchers in biology, chemistry and physics with advanced irradiation techniques, using charged particles, photons and neutrons.We are currently developing a unique facility at RARAF, to simulate neutron spectra from an improvised nuclear device (IND), based on calculations of the neutron spectrum at 1.5 km from the epicenter of the Hiroshima atom bomb. This is significantly different from a standard fission spectrum, because the spectrum changes as the neutrons are transported through air, and is dominated by neutron energies between 0.05 and 8 MeV. This facility will be based on a mixed proton/deuteron beam impinging on a thick beryllium target.A second, novel facility under development is our new neutron microbeam. The neutron microbeam will, for the first time, provide a kinematically collimated neutron beam, 10-20 micron in diameter. This facility is based on a Proton Microbeam, impinging on a thin lithium target near the threshold of the (7)Li(p,n)(7)Be reaction. This novel neutron microbeam will enable studies of neutron damage to small targets, such as single cells, individual organs within small animals or microelectronic components.
A Pharmacognostical Study of Roots of Different Species of Veratrum

Studies made on roots of botanically authenticated plants of Veratrum viride, Veratrum album, Veratrum Woodii, Veratrum californicum, Veratrum Eschscholtzii, Veratrum fimbriatum, and a Veratrum from Montana are reported. Descriptions are given of the epidermal cells, the aerenchyma, the starch grains, and the endodermis. The radial, polyarch fibrovascular bundle in each of these roots varied in the number of phloem and xylem patches, and ranges are given for the different species. Thirty-two somatic chromosomes were observed in stained smears of root tips of both Veratrum viride and V. album.
8-methoxypsoralen inhibits lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in the absence of ultraviolet radiation

8-Methoxypsoralen was assessed for its effects on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in the absence of ultraviolet radiation. 8-Methoxypsoralen inhibited both the phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A-induced proliferation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a time and dose-dependent manner. This inhibition did not require the photoactivation of 8-methoxypsoralen in these cells. Suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen could not be overcome by addition of exogenous interleukin-2. The observed decrease in lymphocyte proliferation hyporesponsiveness to interleukin-2 correlated with the ability of 8-methoxypsoralen to induce a dose-dependent decrease in interleukin-2 receptor expression on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Since interleukin-2 receptors play a central role in lymphocyte proliferation and immune reactivity, their decrease may explain the mechanism by which 8-methoxypsoralen impairs lymphocyte function.
Formulation of an Explicit-Multiple-Time-Step Time Integration Method for Use in a Global Primitive Equation Grid Model

With appropriate modifications, a recently proposed explicit-multiple-time-step scheme (EMTSS) is incorporated into the UCLA model. In this scheme, the linearized terms in the governing equations that generate the gravity waves are split into different vertical modes. Each mode is integrated with an optimal time step, and at periodic intervals these modes are recombined. The other terms are integrated with a time step dictated by the CFL condition for low-frequency waves. This large time step requires a special modification of the advective terms in the polar region to maintain stability. Test runs for 72 h show that EMTSS is a stable, efficient and accurate scheme.
Carotid-cavernous fistula in a child after minimal orbital trauma

We present a case of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula in a seven-year-old child with an unclear history of relatively mild orbital trauma. The child was initially diagnosed with a cranial nerve VI palsy, then admitted with a presumed diagnosis of orbital cellulitis. Further examination, including formal angiography, revealed a direct carotid-cavernous fistula with significant cortical venous drainage requiring prompt intervention. Treatment of the fistula by coil occlusion was successful. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing and understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of this rare but potentially fatal entity. CASE REPORT A seven-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with an edemetous, ecchymotic right eye and a right cranial nerve VI palsy one week after sustaining reportedly blunt trauma to his right medial orbit from colliding into a fence post. The diagnosis of “possible orbital fracture” was made. Noncontrast computed tomography of the head and orbits was ordered. He was given oral and topical antibiotics and instructed to return to the eye clinic in two days. On follow-up examination by an ophthalmology resident, the patient reported a different history, stating that he had been “poked” in the eye by a fence wire. His uncorrected visual acuity was 20/50 in his right eye and 20/40 in his left. Pupillary examination was normal. Intraocular pressure in his right eye was 26 mm Hg. His right eye was proptotic though nonpulsatile. Hertel measurements were not documented. A right esotropia and hypotropia, lateral gaze restriction, chemosis, and conjunctival hyperemia with torturous vessels were noted (Figure 1).
The quest for the Mythical Phoenix: Attendee narratives at an engineering education faculty workshop

This work-in-progress paper utilizes a graphic narrative format to depict findings from the first year of a multi-year project on conceptual change in faculty development. Faculty development workshops are often designed to share best practices that participants can implement at their home institutions. However, the influence of these workshops on participants is rarely studied beyond the use of short exit surveys, often with highly targeted and quantitative questions that leave little room for responses on faculty experiences that may fall outside the workshop's explicit learning objectives. This paper depicts an exploratory qualitative study focused on participant experiences at a week-long faculty workshop on innovation in engineering education. We present our findings in the form of a fable/analogy. Attendees enter the workshop identifying as good teachers on a quest to find the "Mythical Phoenix," a legendary way of educating engineers with a reputation for being "new" and "innovative," even if they are not entirely clear on what that may look like. Participants enter with expectations of harnessing the "Mythical Phoenix" to take home, but must adjust their thinking when they come to see the "Mythical Phoenix" is actually an adapted collection of local practices built over time by faculty much like themselves. Alternating between the perspective of a student (in the workshop) and a teacher (at their home institution) contributes to the changes faculty articulate in their thinking throughout the workshop experience. They eventually realize their job is not to take home someone else's approach, but rather to focus on adapting general attitudes and frameworks to use in their existing home environment.
Superoxide Production during Reduction of Molecular Oxygen by Assimilatory Nitrate Reductase

Abstract Assimilatory NADH:nitrate reductase catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from NADH to molecular oxygen. Initial rate studies performed under conditions of optimum pH (8.0) and constant ionic strength (μ = 0.2) revealed that the maximal rate of activity with molecular oxygen was 0.5% (0.044 μmol NADH consumed/min/nmol heme) that of the activity using[formula]as the terminal electron acceptor (9.0 μmol NADH consumed/min/nmol heme) with a K m for O 2 of 586 μ M . NADH:molecular oxygen reductase activity exhibited a pH optimum of 9.2, was inhibited by cyanide, and was unaffected by changes in ionic strength or the presence of phosphate ions. Spectroscopic studies indicated NADH:molecular oxygen reductase activity resulted in the production of the superoxide radical, detected as the formation of adrenochrome from epinephrine and by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, both of which could be inhibited by the addition of superoxide dismutase and were unaffected by the addition of catalase. Direct observation of superoxide production using spin-trapping in combination with EPR spectroscopy resulted in the detection of the spin adduct 5,5-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (DMPO-OH). The formation of this spin adduct was abolished either in the absence of nitrate reductase, NADH, or DMPO or by the addition of superoxide dismutase or nitrate and was greatly reduced by the presence of cyanide. Inclusion of catalase or ethanol had no effect on the formation of the spin adduct. These results indicate that nitrate reductase can utilize molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor and that the product,[formula]is primarily generated via the Mo-pterin center.
The Use of Versatile Distribution Families in Some Stochastic Inventory Calculations

Previous works on stochastic inventory problems have often assumed that an item's lead time demand follows a "convenient" distribution such as the normal, the γ or the Weibull. First, this paper argues that these convenient distributions may be overly restrictive and unrealistic, and points out the versatility and realism of using four-parameter distributions of the Pearson's and the Schmeiser-Deutsch's systems. Second, using these four-parameter distributions, this paper presents practical `manual" methods for computing the stock-out probability, reorder level and expected lost sales of an inventory item and for solving the lot-size reorder-point model. Some of these methods are actually simpler than the ones developed previously for the more restrictive distributions.
Coping With Daily Stressors: Modeling Intraethnic Variation in Mexican American Adolescents

Using daily diary methodology, 67 Mexican American adolescents completed measures assessing daily stressors experienced, specific coping strategies employed with reference to these stressors, and indices of psychological health over 5 consecutive days. With respect to coping usage, adolescents reported they most often used planning and least often used humor to cope with stress. Significant intraindividual and interindividual variability was found for each coping strategy and psychological health. When this variability was modeled, adolescents who reported using more direct problem solving, positive thinking, acceptance, and humor reported more positive affect. Adolescents who reported using more religious coping, distancing, and acceptance reported more negative affect. These findings indicate that intraethnic variability exists at the daily stressor level in Mexican American adolescents and that this variability in coping is predictive of daily psychological health. Discussion focuses on the development...
Hypoxemia in a patient with end-stage liver disease

Abstract:A number of pulmonary conditions producing hypoxemia may affect patients with chronic liver disease. Among these conditions, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is common, with the estimated prevalence of HPS among patients with end-stage liver disease ranging from 4% to 29%.HPS is considered pr
Intercellular connective tissue fibrils in the notochordal epithelium of the early chick embryo.

Chick embryos of the White Leghorn strain were incubated from one-half to four days and sacrificed by immersion in toto. in Karnovsky's fixative. The cervical region of each embryo was excised and prepared for electron microscopy. Intercellular materials, which appear indistinguishable from the early connective tissue components of the embryonic tissue space, appear within dilated interstices of the notochordal epithelium beginning at approximately Hamburger-Hamilton stage 14. At progressively older stages this intercellular material appears to organize and aggregate to form fibrils. By stage 22 widely expanded intercellular spaces contain boundary (basement) membrane material, amorphous substance and microfibrils of various sizes. Moreover, larger, more mature fibrils that exhibit collagen-like periodic striations are present. The existence of connective tissue materials in cellular interstices deep within the central portion of the notochord strongly suggests that these substances are derived from notochordal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the similarity of the intercellular connective tissue components to those deposited on the notochordal surface suggests that these latter materials are likewise a secretory product of the notochord. The significance of the perinotochordal connective tissue (notochord sheath) with respect to the recent emphasis on the role of surface-associated substances to cytodifferentiation is discussed.
PALM CHROMOSOME STUDIES FACILITATED BY POLLEN CULTURE ON A COLCHICINE-LACTOSE MEDIUM.

This technique is very useful where pollen is readily available and when roots or microspore mother cells are difficult to obtain or to process. It provides a relatively uniform means of studying chromosomes in a great number of species. Pollen is collected from buds at anthesis or the day before and sown on a medium containing H3BO3, 100 ppm; colchicine, 0.04%; lactose, 12%; gelatin, 5%; egg albumen, 1 drop in 10 ml. The gametic chromosome complement is studied at mitosis of the generative cell in the pollen tube. In species which have sufficiently large chromosomes it is possible to construct idiograms for comparative studies. All palm species here reported have a haploid complement of n = 18, and the chromosomes range in length from 0.5-3.5 μ.
1505 LIFE THREATNING COMPLICATIONS OF BROVIAC CATHERIZATION

The use of broviac catheters (B) for parenteral alimentation of very low birth weight infants is increasing. Thrombosis (T) and sepsis (S) are life-threatening complications of B use. 57B were inserted in the last year. Echocardiogram (Echo) and if necessary venograms were done for evidence of T. Blood cultures through the B and peripheral vein were done if there was clinical suspicion of S. Of the 57B inserted there were 8(14%) T episodes and 18(31%) S episodes. Mean catheter days (MCD) before T was noted were 47.5 days. Four patients developed right atrial T one of whom had repeated episodes of severe bradycardia which resolved as T improved. Another had significant superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome related to a large T. Two patients had T limited to the SVC and were diagnosed by venograms. Symptomatic T was treated with urokinase (1500-20,000U/kg/hour for 1 hr to 10 days, n=7), heparinized (n=3) and/or removal of B(n=1). In one infant on urokinase, T embolized causing pulmonary infarction. S was treated with appropriate antibiotics and/or removal of B. As shown B are associate with significant morbidity and should be used with caution. If B are used serial Echo are recommended to monitor for T episodes. Urokinase can be used to successfully treat T episodes.
Ultrasonic removal of organic deposits and polymer induced formation damage

Experiments were conducted that evaluate the feasibility of using high intensity acoustic sources to remove near wellbore formation damage caused by organic deposits (paraffins and asphaltenes) and polymers (HEC). It is shown that mechanical agitation provided by the acoustic waves effectively re-suspends the paraffin and restores the effective permeability of the core to oil to its undamaged condition in a relatively short period of time. The depth of treatment is approximately 12 to 15 cm. This suggests that an acoustic source with or without solvents may provide an effective method of removing paraffins from the wellbore and the near wellbore region. Acoustics was not found to be as effective at restoring the permeability of cores damaged by polymers (HEC). Only small (factor of 1.5) increases in permeability were obtained for both poorly mixed and well mixed HEC. Experiments conducted over a range of frequencies and acoustic intensities allow us to specify the design requirements for a field deployable transducer. Eight such transducers have been incorporated into a through tubing tool that has recently been built and is now available for field testing. Our results demonstrate that acoustic cleaning may be a viable method for cleaning both the wellbore and near wellbore region when paraffin precipitation is a problem. The method would be particularly effective at treating long sections of pay (horizontal wells) where chemical methods may be too expensive. Acoustic cleaning is much less effective for treating polymer damage problems.
LBSN 2012 workshop report: the Fifth ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Location-Based Social Networks (Redondo Beach, California - November 6, 2012)

The ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN) had its fifth annual meeting on November 6th, 2012. Held on the opening of the ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS conference in Redondo Beach, California, the one-day LBSN'12 event brought together academic and industry researchers from US, Europe, Asia and South America. Similar to previous years, the main workshop themes were sharing location-related information via social apps running on mobile devices, and also leveraging collaborative social knowledge learned from user-generated and location-related content. It is noteworthy that this edition saw an increased focus on location-based social media, rather than just the more traditional setting of location-based social networks.
The missing link between job satisfaction and correctional staff behavior: The issue of organizational commitment

Over the past twenty years, several empirical studies have examined the consequences of job satisfaction among correctional staff. When looking at worker behavior in other disciplines, though, it is commonplace to include both job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, very few studies about correctional staff behavior include both concepts. This paper discusses job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and addresses the link between these concepts as it relates to correctional staff attitudes and behaviors. Further, a discussion of measurement issues and recommendations for future research is presented.
0-1 Programming Model-Based Method for Planning Code Review Using Bug Fix History

Code review is a powerful activity for software quality improvement, and is ideal to review all source files being developed. However, such an exhaustive review would be difficult because the available time and effort are in reality limited. Thus, practitioners prioritize the source files in terms of bug-proneness by using related data such as bug fix history, and review them in decreasing order of priority-such strategy in this paper is called the "conventional method." While the conventional method is straightforward, it focuses only on the bug-proneness and cannot consider the review cost properly, so the method does not produce a cost-effective review plan. To take into account both the bug-proneness and the review cost, this paper proposes a 0-1 programming model-based method for planning code review. The proposed method formulates a review plan as a 0-1 programming problem, and the solution is the recommendation list of source files to be reviewed. Moreover, the proposed method considers the type of file-if the file is newly-developed or not. Such difference in file type may affect on how to evaluate the bug-proneness and the review strategy: newly-developed files are notable but not appeared in the bug fix history. This paper conducts a case study using popular open source software, shows that the proposed method is up to 42% more effective than the conventional method in recommending buggy files as the review targets.
Novel chemistry of trifluoromethylenimine

Abstract The reaction chemistry of CF 2 NF has been examined and a variety of novel N-fluoro compounds were found. Reaction with AsF 5 in HF yields an ammonium salt, CF 3 NFH 2 + AsF 6 − . The salt is a solid with a dissociation pressure of 7 torr at 22°C. Electrophilic reaqents(XOSO 2 F, X=Br,Cl,OSO 2 F) add across the carbon-nitroqen double bond to form the corresponding N-halo-N-fluoroamines. Reactions with metal fluorides (KF or CsF) at ambient temperature generated the perfluoromethanamine ion, CF 3 NF − . This ion undergoes nucleophilic substitution reactions with CF 2 NF, R f COF (R f = F,CF 3 , C 2 F 5 ) and it is oxidized by halogens to CF 3 NXF (X=Br,Cl). Higher molecular weight polymers of CF 2 NF can be generated by reaction with strong acids. With SbF 5 , an air-sensitive polymer film is formed in a glass reactor. With CF 3 SO 3 H, a water-resistant viscous liquid is formed. Preliminary evidence indicates a structure -(CF 2 NF) n -. Reaction of CF 3 NBrF with olefins (CF 2 CF 2 , CF 2 CFCl, CF 2 CBr 2 , CF 2 CH 2 and CH 2 CH 2 ) at elevated temperature cleaves the NBr bond and results in addition to the olefin. The reaction mechanism is believed to be free radical and only a single regioisomer is observed with the unsymmetrical olefins.
Are cognitive AIDS risk-reduction models equally applicable among high- and low-risk seekers?

Abstract Cognitively-based AIDS prevention programs using theoretical frameworks such as the AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM) may not be as effective among high-risk seekers as they are among low-risk seekers and yet, risk seekers may be engaging in more high-risk behaviors and, thus, need effective prevention programs. Latent variable structural equation models tested the ARRM’s ability to predict condom use among high- and low-risk seeking men (high risk N =330, low risk N =333). The separate models fit well. However, multiple group models contrasting high- and low-risk seekers on relationships among the constructs demonstrated a significant decrement in fit, indicating that several key relationships among the constructs differed for the two groups. Safe sex intentions predicted safer behavior in the low-risk group and Self-Efficacy predicted condom use in the high-risk group. Therefore, different ARRM constructs may be more salient and relevant for high versus low-risk seekers. Although leverage points for change may differ between high- and low-risk seekers, the explanatory power of the overall model is similar for both groups.
Minimizing the maximum network flow: models and algorithms with resource synergy considerations

In this paper, we model and solve the network interdiction problem of minimizing the maximum flow through a network from a given source node to a terminus node, while incorporating different forms of superadditive synergy effects of the resources applied to the arcs in the network. Within this context, we examine linear, concave, and convex–concave synergy relationships, illustrate their relative effect on optimal solution characteristics, and accordingly develop and test effective solution procedures for the underlying problems. For a concave synergy relationship, which yields a convex programme, we propose an inner-linearization procedure that significantly outperforms the competitive commercial solver SBB by improving the quality of solutions found by the latter by 6.2% (within a time limit of 1800 CPU s), while saving 84.5% of the required computational effort. For general non-concave synergy relationships, we develop an outer-approximation-based heuristic that achieves solutions of objective value 0.20% better than the commercial global optimization software BARON, with a 99.3% reduction in computational effort for the subset of test problems for which BARON could identify a feasible solution within the set time limit.
Cathodic Protection of Copper in a Severely Corrosive Soil

A laboratory procedure that was used in developing electrical requirements pertinent to the cathodic protection of copper for a given situation is described. The work was prompted by severe corrosion of copper tubing used underground at a housing development. The soil environment was reported as having a low resistivity (about 200 Scm) and a high concentration of sulfate ion.
Surface and subsurface manifestations of gas movement through a N-S transect of the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Large volumes of gas have vented through a north–south transect of the offshore northern Gulf of Mexico. An overview of surface and subsurface manifestations of this gas venting is presented. This gas movement has caused extensive alteration of reservoir oils to the north of the transect which are estimated to have equilibrated with, or been gas washed by, as much as 30 volumes of gas for every volume of oil. This gas washing entrains and carries upward the most volatile oil components depositing them in either shallower reservoirs or venting them to the overlying sediments and the water column. A significant amount of this gas bypasses the reservoirs and vents upward into the overlying sediments and waters. In spite of the significant amounts of the gas involved, the venting at the seafloor appears to occur primarily through highly localized faults and fractures. This gas discharge is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, making it difficult to estimate the actual hydrocarbon fluxes involved. This upward gas movement leaves characteristic signatures at the sediment water interface including carbonate pavements in older seep areas, and chemosynthetic biological communities, methane hydrates, and gas seeps in more recent long-term seep areas. In some cases where gas venting is very recent, massive disruption of surface and subsurface sediments is observed to be occasionally accompanied by mud volcanoes. Venting can be vigorous enough to produce methane gas bubbles, which appear to be injected rapidly into surface waters and which may constitute a significant source of methane, a greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, gas venting is sometimes accompanied by natural oil slicks at the sea surface, which can be tracked for many miles in non-productive areas. These gas-venting signatures are not unique to the Gulf of Mexico; similar seep features are observed in sediments worldwide. The widespread occurrence of these seep features, which may or may not be related to subsurface oil and gas deposits, may explain why use of surface seeps has often proved to be so controversial in oil exploration. Indeed, most seeps are probably not linked with economic subsurface petroleum reservoirs. The relationships between surface seep features and productive subsurface reservoirs along a N–S transect of the northern Gulf of Mexico are presented as an example of how all surface and subsurface geochemical, geological, geophysical data might be used together to better constrain interpretations regarding the nature and dynamics of subsurface oil and gas deposits and their plumbing in frontier areas.
Bilateral Pinnal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Dog with Chronic Otitis Externa.

— An aged dog with a chronic, bilateral, bacterial otitis externa developed bilateral squamous cell carcinomas of the pinna. The tumours were located where the pinna would cover the external auditory meatus and probably were induced by the chronic infection. Resume— Un chien age souftrant d'otite externe bacterienne chronique bilaterale presenta un epithelioma spinocellulaire bilateral des pavilions auriculaires. Les tumeurs etaient situees la ou les pavilions auraient recourvert le meat auriculaire et furent sans doute provoques par l'infection chronique. Zusammenfassung— Ein alter Hund mit einer chronischen, bilateralen, bakteriell bedingten Otitis externa entwickelte Plattenepithelkarzinome en beiden Ohrmuscheln. Diese Tumore traten an der Pinna exakt an der Mundung des auseren Gehorgangs auf, und sind moglicherweise durch die chronische Infektion induziert worden. Resumen Un perro de edad avanzada que presentaba una otitis externa bilateral bacteriana cronica desarrollo unos carcinomas de celulas escamosas bilaterales del pabellon auditivo. Los tumores estaban localizados en la entrada del meato auditivo y probablemente fueron inducidos por la infeccion cronica.
TOLERANCE TO AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND CASEIN DIGESTS GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY : GLUTAMIC ACID RESPONSIBLE FOR REACTIONS

Several synthetic mixtures of natural and racemic crystalline amino acids suitable for the daily nitrogen requirement are tested in dogs for their tolerance upon intravenous injection. Certain mixtures of the ten essential amino acids plus non-essential amino acids exclusive of glutamic acid are accepted without any obvious sign of disturbance even at rates above 10 mg. nitrogen per kilo per minute for quantities greater than 300 mg. per kilo. One such mixture consists in parts per 100 of dl-threonine 7, dl-valine 15, l(-)-leucine 10.9, dl-isoleucine 9.9, l(+)-lysine· HCl·H2O 10.9, dl-tryptophane 3, dl-phenylalanine 9.9, dl-methionine 6, l(+)-histidine·HCl·H2O 5, l(+)-arginine-HCl 5, glycine 9.9, dl-α-alanine 4, dl-serine 2, l(-)-cystine 0.5, and l(-)-tyrosine 1. In addition other well tolerated mixtures included the prolines. When glutamic acid, natural or racemic, is included in similar mixtures vomiting reactions frequently occur at nitrogen rates above 4 mg. per kilo per minute. Vomiting almost always occurs on the first daily injection containing glutamic acid and usually on any subsequent injection containing more than 100 mg. glutamic acid per kilo unless given very slowly. Upon the addition of glycine certain mixtures of the ten essential amino acids show an improved tolerance. Two casein digests tested usually produced vomiting at injection rates above 2 mg. nitrogen per kilo per minute, probably because of their glutamic acid content. No serious reaction has ever occurrred to any mixture of amino acids or casein digest tested. Elimination of minor reactions such as vomiting appears possible and desirable for greater usefulness of these solutions in parenteral feeding.
A finite basis theorem for quasivarieties

We consider varieties with the property that the intersection of any pair of principal congruences is finitely generated, and, in fact, generated by pairs of terms constructed from the generators of the principal components in a uniform way. We say that varieties with this property haveequationally definable principal meets (EDPM). There are many examples of these varieties occurring in the literature, especially in connection with metalogical investigations. The main result of this paper is that every finite, subdirectly irreducible member of a variety with EDPM generates a finitely based quasivariety. This is proved in Section 2. In the first section we prove that every variety with EDPM is congruence-distributive.
Local temperature variations of a transpiration-cooled wall due to radiant heating.

Temperature difference between solid and gas of transpiration cooled wall due to radiant heating
A study of chain addition polymerizations with temperature variations: III. Thermal runaway and instability in styrene polymerization—an experimental study

Thermal runaway arid parametric sensitivity were experimentally demonstrated in styrene polymerizations. Ignition boundaries were established for several initiator concentrations and a dimensionless boundary plotted. Runaway sensitivity was shown to disappear under specific conditions.