cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey of Quality Attributes of Beef from Farmers Market Vendors

Farmers Market steaks (n = 39 ribeyes, n = 39 top loins, and n = 38 top sirloins) were procured to establish a baseline for palatability characteristics and to compare consumer acceptance of retail steaks (n = 20 ribeyes, n = 20 top loins, and n = 20 top sirloins) to beef sold in niche markets. Palatability was evaluated using Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBS) and consumer sensory panels. No differences ( ) were identified among Farmers Market steaks for WBS values nor between cuts for sensory panel ratings for Farmers Market or retail products. Overall liking and tenderness liking sensory panel ratings were lower ( and , respectively) for steaks from Farmers Markets when compared to retail. Farmers Market ribeyes and top loins were thicker ( ) than top sirloins. These results will help niche producers understand how their products compare to beef from traditional supermarkets and allow them to identify areas for improvement.
5.24 – Immunological Aging

Immunosenescence is associated with an increased incidence and severity of infections with common pathogens, neoplastic disease and autoimmunity. In general, aging is associated with a decline in function at the cellular level, rather than cell loss, although thymic atrophy and the resulting decrease in the supply of naive T cells has a significant impact on the ability to respond to novel antigens, including vaccines. Age-related changes in physical and physiological defense mechanisms compound the effects of reduced immune function by failing to limit pathogen entry or accumulation of infectious agents, increasing the risk of infection and infection-related damage. It remains to be determined whether acute or chronic exposure to xenobiotics contributes to disease incidence in aged humans, although studies in stressed populations of older humans provide clear evidence that extrinsic factors reduce response to vaccination.
Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Federal Democracies

The democratization of a national government is only a first step in the diffusion of democracy throughout a country's territory. Even after a national government is democratized, subnational authoritarian "enclaves" often continue to deny rights to citizens of local jurisdictions. Edward L. Gibson offers new theoretical perspectives for the study of democratization in his exploration of this phenomenon. His theory of "boundary control" captures the conflict pattern between incumbents and oppositions when a national democratic government exists alongside authoritarian provinces (or "states"). He also reveals how federalism and the territorial organization of countries shape how subnational authoritarian regimes are built and how they unravel. Through a novel comparison of the late nineteenth-century American "Solid South" with contemporary experiences in Argentina and Mexico, Gibson reveals that the mechanisms of boundary control are reproduced across countries and historical periods. As long as subnational authoritarian governments coexist with national democratic governments, boundary control will be at play.
Foxa1/2 downregulates liver differentiation markers and the endoderm and liver gene regulatory network in human stem cells and in a human stable liver cell line

Foxa2 has garnered considerable interest in its pioneer functions and its role endoderm gut, and liver differentiation, and development, and initiator of gene regulatory networks (GRN) in these tissues. Although Foxa2 has been investigated in these systems, Foxa1 also compensates for its function, and thus may also have compensatory effects in studies of Foxa2 regulation. In this study, we focus on the role for both Foxa1 and Foxa2 in controlling endoderm GRN, liver activation in gut tube, and liver GRN. We first compare endoderm induction protocols, and develop a novel model of liver induction under hypoxic conditions that relies on minimal growth factors and enhanced morphology. We employ an RNAi (siRNA and shRNA) approach to demonstrate the effects of Foxa1/2 on endoderm induction, gut tube activation of the albumin gene. Our data demonstrates widespread regulation of the endoderm and mesendoderm GRN, and albumin, which is significant for activation of the liver differentiation program. We then analyze the Foxa1/2 phenotype in stable liver cell lines, and engineer stable cell lines that demonstrate potential reversibility of cell state. Finally, we perform RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis that demonstrates global GRN changes and transcription changes due to Foxa1/2 perturbation, including expansive changes in cellular differentiation and metabolism. These data suggest that Foxa1/2 phenotype has time-dependent effects on GRN and widespread effects on GRN, the liver transcriptome, and liver metabolism.
Smart Urbanism in Older Cities

In the built environment, the concepts of sustainable development and smart urbanism continue to evolve over time, refined through experience and study. The most recognizable elements of these are green-certified buildings, renewable energy, and data-driven infrastructure. New wisdom, such as resilience and active design, has emerged as social issues occur, change transpires, and technology enables innovation in building, city, and community operational performance. All these concepts are inter-related and overlapping; advancement of the sustainable and smart development concepts is occurring at the intersection of global history and disruptive advancements in technology. But what does this mean for those living in existing cities, especially as those cities begin to transform? This paper will discuss how the evolution of the city affects extant culture and poses some challenges, while helping city-dwellers maximize their potential and well-being.
Matrix Receptors of Myeloid Cells

In the past several years, there has been a considerable increase in information about the mechanisms involved in cell adhesions, both to other cells and to the extracellular matrix in which these cells exist. The increase in understanding has evolved largely from a more detailed knowledge of the structure of many of the receptors for extracellular matrix components and of their ligands. These advances have been summarized in several recent reviews (Ruoslahti, 1991; Albelda and Buck, 1990; Burridge et al., 1990). This information has led, in turn, to a deeper appreciation of the impact of cell—cell adhesion and cell—matrix adhesion on cell phenotype during development, normal homeostasis, metastasis, tissue repair, and inflammation. Myeloid cells present a particularly interesting set of problems in this regard. During the normal maturation of myeloid cells, they reside in the bone marrow, in an environment containing many extracellular matrix molecules and crowded with neighboring cells, in which adhesive phenomena play an important part in cell development. With maturation, these cells then move into the bloodstream, where significant contact with other cells is minimal and in which, under normal circumstances, there is no exposure to extracellular matrix. However, a key role for human monocytes is to replenish the supply of tissue macrophages. Thus, these cells move back into an area rich in extracellular matrix ligands. Another essential function of both neutrophils and monocytes is to move to areas of infection or inflammation to provide essential host defense and tissue repair functions. In these processes of emigration from the bloodstream to extravascular tissues, recognition of both endothelium and extracellular matrix has a critical role. Thus, leukocytes must possess mechanisms for precise modulation of expression and function of their adhesion receptors during development, while in the circulation, and during emigration into solid tissues. These mechanisms have been the subject of investigation in many laboratories and are the focus of this chapter.
Trends in neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery-first in stage I HER2-positive breast cancer patients in the National Cancer DataBase (NCDB)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard of care for locally advanced HER2 + breast cancer (BC). Optimal sequencing of treatment (NAC vs. surgery first) is less clear cut in stage I (T1N0) HER2 + BC, where information from surgical pathology could impact adjuvant treatment decisions. Utilizing the NCDB, we evaluated the trend of NAC use compared to upfront surgery in patients with small HER2 + BC. We identified NCDB female patients diagnosed with T1 N0 HER2 + BC from 2010 through 2015. Prevalence ratios (PR) using multivariable robust Poisson regression models were calculated to measure the association between baseline characteristics and the receipt of NAC. Analysis of trends over time was denoted by annual percent change (APC) of NAC versus surgery upfront. Of the 14,949 that received chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy during the study period, overall 1281 (8.6%) received NAC and 13,668 (91.4%) received adjuvant treatment. Patients receiving NAC increased annually from 4.2% in 2010 to 17.3% in 2015, with the most rapid increase occurring between years 2013 (8.5%) and 2014 (14.2%). The greatest increase was seen in patients with cT1c tumors with an APC of 37.8% over the study period (95% CI 29.0, 47.3%, p < 0.01), although a significant trend was likewise seen in patients with cT1a (APC = 26.1%,95% CI 1.59, 56.6%), and cT1b (APC = 27.4%, 95% CI 18.0, 37.7%) tumors. Predictors of neoadjuvant therapy receipt were age younger than 50 (PR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.52, 1.89), Mountain/Pacific area (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05, 1.46), and estrogen receptor negativity (ER− PR + : PR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.51, 2.68; ER− PR− : PR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.32, 1.69). Neoadjuvant therapy for T1 N0 HER2 + BC increased over the study period and was mostly due increased use in clinical T1c tumors. This may be consistent with secular change in Pertuzumab treatment following FDA approval in 2013.
Trends, benefits, risks, and challenges of IoT implementation in residential and commercial buildings

Abstract Residential and commercial buildings are undergoing a dramatic change, and the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are shaping the future of these buildings. Researchers have recently utilized IoT in a variety of applications and settings to transfer conventional buildings into smart, efficient, and secure buildings. While functional IoT approaches have been developed, there is still a need for improvement in IoT applications and operations to understand the full potential of this technology. This improvement can properly be done by bridging the gaps of the current literature to provide a building block for future studies. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of research work on the existing technologies and applications of IoT in residential and commercial buildings. For residential buildings, studies are divided to three major categories of home automation, intelligent energy management systems, and healthcare facilities. For commercial buildings, the current literature is divided to four categories of office buildings, healthcare facilities, educational buildings, and restaurants and retail facilities. Based on the review of each category, the trends, current benefits and risks, and future challenges of the IoT implementation in the built environments are identified and discussed. In particular, integration of various IoT technologies with different capabilities, data storage and processing, and privacy and security risks are identified as the main challenges for IoT implementation. In addition, our results show that the commercial building sector has received more attention compared to the residential building sector. By providing the directions for future research opportunities, this paper benefits IoT developers and researchers to properly identify their work boundaries and define their contributions.
Unlocking large compressive strains in thin active elastocaloric layers

Abstract Elastocaloric cooling attracts broad interest and rapidly growing attention due to its potential for high efficiency and low environmental impact. While it is common knowledge that triggering reversible entropy and temperature changes with stress applied in compression prevents rapid failures of materials, realizing this regime in elastocaloric systems is highly challenging because nearly all geometries suited for efficient heat transfer are prone to buckling even under modest loads. This work describes a concept of a novel composite, where an active NiTi layer is embedded into a polymer support structure such that the elastocaloric material is entirely in compression when the assembly is subjected to bending. The active layer achieves 8.1 K temperature change at 2.5% compressive strain without buckling. After 10,000 cycles at 2% compressive strain, the composite maintains mechanical integrity without degradation of the elastocaloric effect. The results show that NiTi and, potentially, other elastocalorically active materials in geometries previously thought impossible can be successfully implemented in regenerative cooling systems operating in compression.
Fortress Russia: Conspiracy Theories in Post-Soviet Russia: by Ilya Yablokov, New York, Polity, 2018, 288 pp., $69.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-1509522651; $24.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1509522668

Reports about malevolent plots underlying current events are gaining traction in recent years. The new book by Ilya Yablokov investigates the techniques of contemporary Russian political elites, in...
A Compressive Deconvolution Approach for Microwave Single-Pixel Imaging

This work presents a retrieval algorithm intended for space-borne passive microwave single pixel imaging (MSPI). While prior work has focused on conventional sparse- regularization algorithms for retrieving brightness temperature scenes compressively sensed by MSPI [1], here we seek to expand the approach to mitigate resolution corruption introduced by the sensing patterns of the proposed aperture. We conduct a study of the approach using a compressive total-variation (TV) algorithm applied to model brightness temperature data and antenna patterns generated by a computational electromagnetic (EM) model. Early results indicate improvement in reconstruction quality.
The History of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in Texas

The first branch of the NAACP in Texas was established in El Paso in 1915 and by 1918 four branches called Texas home. But Texas did not provide a welcome to the new Texas branches that were met with bitter racial animus often fostered by white supremacy organizations like the Ku Klux Klan. These organizations were known for their campaigns of intimidation that often kept African Americans from participating in constitutionally guaranteed rights like voting. While other branches of the NAACP emerged in Texas, many disbanded under threat by the government bolstered by the lawlessness of the Ku Klux Klan. By 1923, only five branches existed in Texas and a resurgence of the organization did not begin until World War II and immediately thereafter. By 1945, the Texas state conference of the NAACP was the second largest in the country boasting more than one hundred branches and almost 30,000 members. From that time to this, the NAACP branches in Texas have grown and continue to flourish. The African American Experience in Texas chronicles the creation, development and history of the Texas branches. From Jim Crow to Barack Obama, the NAACP Texas stands as a symbol of freedom, equality and justice in Texas for all.
Surface-Mining Legislation and Regulation

This paper highlights the relevant provisions of \IThe Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977\N (PL 95-87) and provides an overview of the surface mining reclamation and enforcement provisions issued by the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement. In particular, Part 715 (General Performance Standards) and Part 716 (Special Performance Standards) are discussed with regard to design guidelines specified for surface mining and reclamation operations. Topics to be addressed include: topsoiling, hydrologic balance, use of explosives, disposal of excess spoil and coal-processing wastes, backfilling and grading, roads, mountaintop removal, and steep-slope operations.
Analysis of content copyright infringement in mobile application markets

As mobile devices increasingly become bigger in terms of display and reliable in delivering paid entertainment and video content, we also see a rise in the presence of mobile applications that attempt to profit by streaming pirated content to unsuspected end-users. These applications are both paid and free and in the case of free applications, the source of funding appears to be advertisements that are displayed while the content is streamed to the device. In this paper, we assess the extent of content copyright infringement for mobile markets that span multiple platforms (iOS, Android, and Windows Mobile) and cover both official and unofficial mobile markets located across the world. Using a set of search keywords that point to titles of paid streaming content, we discovered 8,592 Android, 5,550 iOS, and 3,910 Windows mobile applications that matched our search criteria. Out of those applications, hundreds had links to either locally or remotely stored pirated content and were not developed, endorsed, or, in many cases, known to the owners of the copyrighted contents. We also revealed the network locations of 856,717 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) pointing to back-end servers and cyber-lockers used to communicate the pirated content to the mobile application.
The Validity of Void Divorces

It is old learning that a decree of divorce, like any other judicial action, must have been rendered by a court which had jurisdiction of the person and of the subject matter. After some competition in the common law as to the proper doctrine in determining requisites for jurisdiction of subject matter,' it turned out that domicile was adopted as the point of reference for such questions. This, of course, caused no end of difficulty as soon as the law developed the capacitv of spouses to have separate domiciles.2 These difficulties are being reasonably well ironed out, in theory at least, so that the rules for jurisdiction in divorce matters can be predicted with some degree of accuracy. Briefly stated, it appears that: (i) the domicile of both parties can divorce them;' (2) a state where neither party is domiciled cannot divorce them ; 4 (3) the domicile of one party 5 has jurisdiction to divorce where the absent spouse appears, or consents to or affords cause for the separate domicile; 6 (4) possibly, in New York at least, the place
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type I is caused by defects at multiple loci, one of which is near ALPP on chromosome 2: first report of the WS consortium.

Previous studies have localized the gene for Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type I to the distal portion of chromosome 2q, near the ALPP locus. We pooled linkage data obtained from 41 WS type I and 3 WS type II families which were typed for six polymorphic loci on chromosome 2q in order to refine the location of the WS locus (WS1) and evaluate the extent of genetic heterogeneity. In the course of this work, we developed diagnostic criteria for genetic and phenotypic studies. Our findings, based on two-locus and multilocus analysis using a linkage map established from reference pedigrees, suggest that there are two or more mutations causing WS, one of which (i.e., WS1) is located on chromosome 2q, between the ALPP and FN1 loci, at distances of 7.8 cM and 11.2 cM for each marker, respectively. The results also indicate that WS1 is responsible for the illness in approximately 45% of all families in this sample. However, the odds favoring this position over a location between ALPP and SAG are only 2:1 when alternate assumptions about the proportion of linked families are considered. We conclude that a more saturated map of this region of chromosome 2q, including highly polymorphic markers, will be needed to accurately distinguish linked families and, ultimately, isolate the mutant gene.
On a class of direct optimization problems 1,2

Based on an earlier publication (Ref. 1), a coordinate transformation is proposed, which allows the direct global extremization of a class of integrals without the use of comparison methods such as variational or field techniques. This direct method is shown to be applicable to a class of unconstrained optimal control problems. A motivation for the proposed method as well as applications are presented.
Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Network Coding Algorithms for Wireless Networks

A Transmission Algorithm using Opportunistic Network Coding (TAONC) searches coding opportunities that minimize the amount of radio communication energy between a sender and multiple receivers in wireless networks. It calculates the energy gain of network coding at both a sender and receivers when a TAONC reduces communication energy by encoding multiple transmission packets into one. It considers the energy overheads, which are consumed by the TAONC and a Reception Algorithm using Opportunistic Network Coding (RAONC). We show that opportunistic network coding can effectively decrease the wireless communication energy even with consideration of the overheads. We study an appropriate algorithm complexity that optimizes the benefit of network coding with its overhead.
Gastric Stasis and Vomiting: Behavioral Treatment

A patient is described in whom gastric stasis and vomiting of 28-yr duration were successfully treated with behavior therapy. Failure of conventional medical treatment in the face of continued vomiting led to consideration for surgery. The need for surgery was obviated by the successful application of exposure and response prevention, which resulted in a complete elimination of vomiting. Changes were produced, not only in the overt behavioral manifestation (vomiting) but in gastrointestinal motility as well. Although there was a lag, gastric emptying returned to normal. The improvements were maintained at over 1-yr follow-up study.
Surgical Baseball Cards: Improving Patient- and Family-Centered Care.

Objective Busy surgical services with diverse team members and frequent handoffs create barriers to patient- and family-centered care. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of cards containing team member names, roles, and photographs—“Surgical Baseball Cards” (SBCs)—would improve patient recognition of caregivers and whether this would improve patient satisfaction. Design A prospective, controlled study was performed of all adult patients admitted to 2 academic acute care general surgery services with alternating admitting days. Surgical team members on one service had SBCs to give patients at introduction, whereas the control service used no such tool. Before discharge, patients completed a survey consisting of a quiz requiring matching of caregiver photographs to names and roles (5-point maximum), questions rating select elements of patient satisfaction (5-point Likert scale), and an opportunity to provide comments. Setting Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, a university teaching hospital. Participants A total of 162 patients were included over 2 months, with at least a 24-hour admission to an acute care general surgery service. Results Overall, 60% of patients in the intervention arm received SBCs. Per-unit SBC cost was 0.16 USD. Patients who received SBCs had significantly improved identification of team members based on name (1.7 ± 1.4 vs 1.2 ± 1.5, p = 0.02) and role (1.6 ± 1.4 vs 0.9 ± 1.2, p = 0.02) than controls did. All the SBC recipients and 88% of controls felt that SBCs should be implemented hospital-wide. SBC recipients reported a trend toward increased comfort with resident involvement in care (4.6 ± 0.7 vs 4.5 ± 0.9, p = 0.14). Among themes discerned from free-response comments, 46% of SBC recipients commented on the innovative nature of SBCs and 29% noted improved team identification. Overall, 17% of SBC recipients commented positively on patient-centered care (vs 3% of controls), whereas 5% commented negatively on patient-centered care (vs 15% of controls); 8% of SBC recipients commented positively on coordination of care (vs 1% of controls), whereas 5% commented negatively on coordination of care (vs 24% of controls). Conclusions SBCs provide reasonable value by improving patient recognition of healthcare team members and understanding of team member roles, and they are associated with positive patient feedback regarding coordination of care and patient-centered care.
Instantaneous temperature field measurements using planar laser-induced fluorescence

A single-pulse, laser-induced-fluorescence diagnostic for the measurement of two-dimensional temperature fields in combustion flows is described. The method uses sheet illumination from a tunable laser to excite planar laser-induced fluorescence in a stable tracer molecule, seeded at constant mole fraction into the flow field. The temporal resolution of this technique is determined by the laser pulse length. Experimental results are presented for a rod-stabilized, premixed methane–air flame, using the Q1(22) line of the nitric oxide A2 ∑+(v = 0) ← X2Π1/2(v = 0) transition (λ ≃ 225.6 nm).
Network Analysis of the Plans of Some Teotihuacán Apartment Compounds

In the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Mexico most of the population was housed in large apartment compounds, often about 60 m square and containing up to about 250 rooms. These structures have no close ethnographic or archaeological parallels. Many of them are so large and complex that it is difficult to understand their organisation through simple visual examination of plans. In an attempt to describe and compare these plans, simple network statistics are derived for nine compounds that have been completely or almost completely excavated. Several other compounds are discussed qualitatively. Although the sample is small, it suffices to show several kinds of inhomogeneity in the plans of the compounds, suggesting differences in design process, purpose, and history. Among the dimensions along which compounds vary are: single-centred versus multicentred plans; dendritic versus circuited planning at various scales; relative ease of access of internal versus external spaces; overall versus smaller-scale organisa...
Fourier transform infrared study of proteins with parallel β-chains

Abstract Deconvolved and second derivative Fourier transform infrared spectra of the proteins flavodoxin and triosephosphate isomerase have been obtained in the 1600 to 1700 cm −1 (amide I) region. To our knowledge these results provide the first experimental infrared data on proteins with parallel β-chains. Characteristic absorption bands for the parallel β-segments are observed at 1626–1639 cm −1 (strong) and close to 1675 cm −1 (weak). Previous theoretical studies based on hypothetical models with large, regular β-sheets had suggested bands close to 1650 and 1666 cm −1 . Our new assignments were confirmed by band area measurements, which yield conformational information in good agreement with results from X-ray diffraction data. The spectra were compared with corresponding spectra of concanavalin A and carboxypeptidase A. The first contains only antiparallel β-segments, the second “mixed” β-segments, with some strands lying antiparallel and others parallel. None of the observed amide I band frequencies assigned to parallel β-chains occurs in the 1650 cm −1 region associated with helical segments.
Perceived Variability of Personal Characteristics in In-Groups and Out-Groups The Role of Knowledge and Evaluation

Members of four undergraduate clubs rated their own club as more heterogeneous on a series of personal characteristics than they rated the three other clubs. This tendency was unrelated to the number of in-group or out-group members known, or to the degree of preference for the in-group.
Recovery from experimentally induced problem‐solving deficits in neonatal peking ducklings as a function of environmental stimulation

Neonatal Peking ducklings were reared in 3 different environments containing varied light and sound stimulation. One group was exposed to the stimulative environment only during the last 3 prenatal days, 1 group was placed in the stimulative environment at the time of hatching, and the 3rd group was exposed to the stimulative environment both pre- and postnatally. No differences in performance in a detour learning task were noted between controls and experimentals from the 1st 2 groups (prenatal stimulation only and postnatal stimulation only); however, the group receiving both pre- and postnatal stimulation solved the detour task significantly faster than their controls. This learning improvement as a function of the stimulative environment represents a partial recovery from the deficit produced as a result of the experimental paradigm in which the shell covering the air space was replaced with clear plastic wrap, a procedure which has been shown to reduce oxygen consumption and lead to learning retardation.
Bay and shoreface benthic communities in the Lower Cretaceous

Lower Cretaceous marine rocks exposed in New Mexico, southcastcrn Colorado, Oklahoma, and Kansas contain well-preserved faunal assemblages that formed either as in-place, disturbed-neighborhood, or transported assemblages. Five faunal associations characterize lithofacies of the bay-to-shoreface depositional model and possess uniquc structures. The Nucula-Nuculana association represents a speciediverse, infaunal detritus-suspension community occupying the open-bay muddy substrate. The Corbula-Breviarca association was a species-dominant, infaunal suspension feeding community on the lower shoreface. The Texigryphaea-Lopha community formed biostromes on the shoreface. The mid-shoreface supported a species-diverse, infaunol suspension feeding community of Scabrotrigonia and Turritella. The Arenicolites trace fossil association characterizes the upper shoreface-beach habitat.
Grassroots heritage in the crisis context: a social media probes approach to studying heritage in a participatory age

Social media technologies are rapidly changing the way people create, share, and experience memories especially around crises. When collective memory is generated on a societal scale and shared across generations over time, this practice assumes social and cultural significance and becomes a heritage matter. Emerging uses of social media are generating new kinds of heritage practices from the bottom-up, what I call "grassroots heritage." This interdisciplinary design study works at the intersection of social media and cultural heritage in the crisis context using a variant method called "social media probes." I present a grassroots heritage framework with design ideas for facilitating "socially-distributed curation" to guide future HCI research in the heritage domain.
Proteomics equipped with multiplexing toward ultra high throughput.

MS-based quantitative proteomics is a powerful technology to study virtually almost all biological and clinical samples. Although it has been known to be a high-throughput method, an MS analysis of a higher number of samples remains to be challenging practically and economically. In this issue, the use of multiplexing strategy for quantitative analysis of proteomes and phosphoproteomes has been demonstrated by Paulo et al. (Proteomics 2015, 15, 462–473) to better understand in vivo effects of two small molecule inhibitors on a mouse model. Within the short period of drug treatment, it has been found that the protein alteration is minimal in three tissues tested, whereas the phosphorylation level was widely altered.
A Grassroots Cyber Security Program to Protect the Nation

As governments increasingly move to automating various government functions and as the movement to implement e-government increases, an important element that must be considered is security. Numerous communities have learned what can go wrong if security is not addressed as numerous cyber incidents have been experienced. While dependence on cyber infrastructures increase, nations have increased their efforts to prepare for a national cyber incident. Unfortunately for communities, nations are overlooking the need for local governments to be prepared for incidents. This is not only true for incidents that might impact or target only a single community, but it also includes national incidents that will have an impact on every community. Even if an incident is being addressed by organizations at the national level, cities still need to function and if they are not prepared to respond to a cyber incident they may find that they are not able to properly meet the needs of their citizens while relying on the government at the national level to address the incident. This paper addresses a model that has been developed to help communities develop a viable and sustainable cyber security program. By doing so, this paper describes a model which can help secure a nation by working from the "bottom up" in a grass-roots initiative.
SCIT and IDS architectures for reduced data ex-filtration

Today's approach to security is based on perimeter defense and relies heavily on firewalls, Intrusion detection systems (IDS) and Intrusion prevention systems. Despite years of research and investment in developing such reactive security methodologies, our critical systems remain vulnerable to cyber attacks. In our approach we assume that intrusions are inevitable and our effort is focused on minimizing losses. Towards this end we have introduced a recovery based limited exposure time system called Self Cleansing Intrusion Tolerance (SCIT). In this paper, we investigate architectures that combine SCIT architecture with existing IDS approaches. The effectiveness of SCIT and IDS security architectures in terms of minimizing data ex filtration losses is analyzed using decision trees and the results of Monte Carlo simulation is presented.
Heart rate variability in encephalopathic newborns during and after therapeutic hypothermia

Heart rate variability in encephalopathic newborns during and after therapeutic hypothermia
Geological History and Oil and Gas Potential of Central Gulf Coast: ABSTRACT

The area described includes the coastal plain and continental shelf between Texas and peninsular Florida, and includes the Mississippi embayment. The stratigraphic section includes sediments of all ages from Triassic through Holocene. The maximum composite thickness probably exceeds 80,000 ft, but only about 50,000 ft of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments is present at any locality in the deepest part of the Gulf Coast geosyncline. Oil and gas currently are produced in numerous fields in this area from both silicate clastics and carbonate rocks of Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary ages. The sedimentation history clearly indicates that the potential for future discoveries is great. The structure and stratigraphy of this richly petroliferous basin are described and the possibility of discovering more oil and gas than has been found is pointed out. Thickness, lithology, and depositional environments of each major division of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are shown on maps and sections. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1826------------
Random sequence generation by cellular automata

A 1-dimensional cellular automaton which generates random sequences is discussed. Each site in the cellular automaton has value 0 or 1, and is updated in parallel according to the rule a'"i = a"i" "-" "1 XOR (a"i OR a"i" "+" "1) (a'"i = (a"i" "-" "1 + a"i + a"i" "+" "1 + a"ia"i" "+" "1) mod 2). Despite the simplicity of this rule, the time sequences of site values that it yields seem to be completely random. These sequences are analysed by a variety of empirical, combinatorial, statistical, dynamical systems theory and computation theory methods. An efficient random sequence generator based on them is suggested.
Shear-dependent surface rheological measurements of foam stabilizers in nonaqueous liquids

Abstract Theoretical relations are discussed for the flow of a two-dimensional Bingham plastic in a viscous-traction canal viscometer. Furthermore, this relatively simple model has been found to correlate the observed shear dependency of the system studied over a wide range of experimental conditions and has made it possible to interpret complex effects of temperature and relative humidity in terms of their respective effects on the surface viscosity and surface yield value.
An unusual case of ANA negative systemic lupus erythematosus presented with vasculitis, long-standing serositis and full-house nephropathy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that may affect any organ of the body. We report here an unusual case of seronegative SLE presented as vasculitis with rash, lower gastrointestinal system bleeding and acute renal failure. The patient was a 13-year-old boy, with abdominal distention, pretibial edema, arthritis and petechia on bilateral ankles. He had deteriorated renal functions (creatinine 1.65 mg/dl), hypoalbuminemia (1.6 g/dl) and hypocomplementemia with nephrotic range proteinuria and hematuria. He developed pleural effusion and peritonitis. Serum ANA, anti dsDNA, p ANCA, c ANCA, anticardiolipin IgM and IgG titers were negative. A renal biopsy was performed which revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with full-house staining pattern in immunofluorescent microscopic examination suggesting Class IV Lupus Nephritis. He was administered a total of six courses of monthly intravenous pulse methyl prednisolone, dipyridamole, oral cyclophosphamide followed by azothiopirine and oral prednisolone therapy. The renal functions and serum albumin levels turned normal but peritonitis persisted and disappeared after the third pulse steroid therapy. In conclusion, we presented this patient to remind the possibility of SLE in such seronegative patients with unusual findings in order to avoid the delay in the management of this disease with high mortality and morbidity if not treated. Full-house nephropathy is an important clue especially for the diagnosis of ANA negative SLE.
Faculty Productivity Barriers and Supports at a School of Education

All programs in a midwestern university recently embarked on a path to help increase the scholarly productivity of faculty. The effort to develop a research emphasis within the School of Education required determining the needs of tenure-track faculty regarding meeting the new requirements. The purposes of our study were to investigate these needs and identify the individual, environmental, and leadership factors that affect faculty productivity. Findings revealed a need to transform the School’s service and teaching culture to a culture of research and scholarship. Recommendations for helping other schools of education to become more research-oriented are provided. While the study focuses on data from a particular School of Education, the implications may generalize to faculty productivity within other institutions, particularly within professional schools.
The aldose reductase inhibitor site

Abstract Evidence linking the enzyme aldose reductase (alditol:NADP + oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) to the pathogenesis of several diabetic complications is rapidly mounting. The results of several animal studies combined with preliminary reports of ongoing clinical trials indicate that inhibition of aldose reductase produces a beneficial effect against such diabetic complications as neuropathy, cataract, corneal epitheliopathy, retinopathy, microangiopathy, and possibly nephropathy. 1,2 The observations that aldose reductase inhibitors appear to provide a new direct mode of treatment for the control of diabetic complications—a method independent of the insulin-related control of blood glucose levels—has spurred interest in the development of more potent and selective inhibitors. That goal can be more easily realized through an understanding of how these inhibitors interact with the aldose reductase protein. This requires insight into the steric and electronic requirements of both the inhibitors and the enzyme site where they bind (inhibitor site). Through the use of computer molecular modeling, molecular orbital calculations, known structure-activity relationships (SAR), protein modification reagents, and irreversible inhibitors, specific structural, and electronic similarities among the apparently structurally diverse aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) have been observed. 3,4 In turn, these studies have led us to postulate the pharmacophor requirements of the ARI site.
Impact of Rice Tariffication on Japan and the World Rice Market

The Uruguay Round Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other trade agreements, such as NAFTA and MERCOSUR, have contributed to the increase in U.S. and world rice trade since 1994. Rice, however, continues to be one of the most highly protected agricultural commodities, with current tariff rates in several developing countries ranging from 50% to 230%. Protectionist policies for rice include tariffs, tariff rate quotas, state trading, and various domestic government programs (Amponsah, Colyer, and Jolly). Before implementation of the Uruguay Round Agreement, Japan and South Korea maintained an almost complete ban on rice imports. To begin opening these markets, the Uruguay Round provided special minimum market access (MA) rules with the goal of eventually shifting to tariffication. The grace period for tariffication was set at six years for Japan (1995 to 2000) and ten years for South Korea (1995 to 2004). South Korea received additional time for tariffication and a lower
VANET alert endorsement using multi-source filters

We propose a security model for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) to distinguish spurious messages from legitimate messages. In this paper, we explore the information available in a VANET environment to enable vehicles to filter out malicious messages which are transmitted by a minority of misbehaving vehicles. More specifically, we introduce a message filtering model that leverages multiple complementary sources of information to construct a multi-source detection model such that drivers are only alerted after some fraction of sources agree. Our filtering model is based on two main components: a threshold curve and a Certainty of Event (CoE) curve. A threshold curve implies the importance of an event to a driver according to the relative position, and a CoE curve represents the confidence level of the received messages. An alert is triggered when the event certainty surpasses a threshold. We analyze our model and provide some initial simulation results to demonstrate the benefits.
Paul Ehrlich's Passion: The Origins of His Receptor Immunology

In 1897, Paul Ehrlich published a selection theory of antibody formation that anticipated the theories of Jerne and Burnet by some 60 years. Ehrlich introduced into immunology the concept of the interaction of physiologically active substances with specific receptors, an idea that still dominates modern immunological thought. In this paper, we point out how Ehrlich's concept matured over 20 years, while it governed his studies in histological staining, in cell physiology, in hematology, and finally in his major contributions in experimental immunology.
High dimensional reverse nearest neighbor queries

Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) queries are of particular interest in a wide range of applications such as decision support systems, profile based marketing, data streaming, document databases, and bioinformatics. The earlier approaches to solve this problem mostly deal with two dimensional data. However most of the above applications inherently involve high dimensions and high dimensional RNN problem is still unexplored. In this paper, we propose an approximate solution to answer RNN queries in high dimensions. Our approach is based on the strong correlation in practice between k-NN and RNN. It works in two phases. In the first phase the k-NN of a query point is found and in the next phase they are further analyzed using a novel type of query Boolean Range Query (BRQ). Experimental results show that BRQ is much more efficient than both NN and range queries, and can be effectively used to answer RNN queries. Performance is further improved by running multiple BRQ simultaneously. The proposed approach can also be used to answer other variants of RNN queries such as RNN of order k, bichromatic RNN, and Matching Query which has many applications of its own. Our technique can efficiently answer NN, RNN, and its variants with approximately same number of I/O as running a NN query.
A Reduced-Order Model for Transient Analysis of Bladed Disk Forced Response

A method for predicting the vibratory response of bladed disks under high engine acceleration rates is developed. The method is based on the Fundamental Mistuning Model, an existing reduced order model for predicting the steady-state vibratory response. In addition, a criterion is developed for a critical engine acceleration rate, above which transient effects play a large role in the response. It is shown that military engines operate at acceleration rates above this critical value and therefore transient effects are important in practice.
SOCIAL INTEGRATION, VICTIMIZATION, AND ANOMIA

Durkheim argues that anomie occurs as a result of some temporary or longterm crisis that disturbs the collective order. Yet, at the individual level an event or events must be perceived as affecting immediate social relationships before anomia occurs. Previous victimization research reports suggest that crimes may cause interaction problems for the victims. This passibility was analyzed using two notional samples collected by the Notional Opinion Research Center in 1973 and 1974. Using regression to analyze the impact of robbery and burglary on anomia scores no significant relations were found. Bath are usually non-recurrent experiences that either do not have long-term effects on individuls, or anomia as measured here is too far removed to serve as an adequate measure.
The effect of ionizing radiation on deoxyribonuclease activities of body fluids. II. The plasma DNases after total body irradiation

Abstract 1. 1. The activity of DNase I (pH optimum 7.5) and DNase II (pH optimum 5.6) is markedly elevated in the plasma of irradiated rats. 2. 2. The maximum activity of DNase I occurs 6 days after exposure whereas the peak activity of DNase II occurs 1 day after exposure.
Minor planets and related objects. XX - Polarimetric evidence for the albedos and compositions of 94 asteroids

Polarimetric observations are presented and analyzed for a total of 94 asteroids. The data include numerical parameters describing the polarization-plane curve, the maximum depth of the negative branch, geometric albedo, and diameter. With few exceptions, the polarizations are found to be repeatable from hour to hour, night to night, and apparition to apparition at the same solar phase angle within an observational accuracy of plus or minus 0.05%. It is shown that over a range of more than a factor of 50 in diameter or a factor of 100,000 in mass, all the asteroids seem to have microscopically very rough or particulate surface textures. In terms of their polarimetric properties, the asteroids are classified as follows: 48 in the broad S class, with compositions corresponding to stony-iron meteorites or ordinary chondrites; 34 in the C class, probably corresponding to carbonaceous chondrites; three to five M asteroids with surfaces rich in free metal; two with low-opacity surfaces (class E) attributable to pure enstatite; and five of other types.