cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topk Queries across Multiple Private Databases

Advances in distributed service-oriented computing and global communications have formed a strong technology push for large-scale data integration among organizations and enterprises. However, concerns about data privacy become increasingly important for large-scale mission-critical data integration applications. Ideally, given a database query spanning multiple private databases, the authors wished to compute the answer to the query without revealing any additional information of each individual database apart from the query result. In practice, this constraint can be relaxed to allow efficient information integration while minimizing the information disclosure. In this paper, the authors proposed an efficient decentralized peer-to-peer protocol for supporting aggregate queries over multiple private databases while respecting the privacy constraints of participants. The paper has three main contributions. First, it formalizes the notion of loss of privacy in terms of information revealed at individual participating databases. Second, it presents a novel probabilistic decentralized protocol for topk selection across multiple private databases that minimizes the loss of privacy. Third, it experimentally evaluates the protocol in terms of its correctness, efficiency and privacy characteristics
Particle swarm optimization for multi-band handset antenna designs: A hybrid real-binary implementation

The hybrid real-binary particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm is applied in this paper to design a dual-band handset patch antenna operating at 1.8 GHz and 2.4 GHz. The unique hybrid representation of candidate antenna designs using real and binary variables enables the optimizer to benefit from the advantages of both continuous and discrete optimization techniques. With the fitness function evaluated by a MoM-based full-wave simulator, the design is accomplished in a quite limited space with a dimension of 0.23 lambdagtimes0.13 lambdag at 1.8 GHz. Measurement results demonstrate that the optimal antenna has satisfactory impedance matching and radiation characteristics at desired operating frequencies.
An extended resonance spatial power combining oscillator

A new circuit topology is presented for a spatial power combining oscillator based on an extended resonance technique. This oscillator uses annular slot antennas as the radiating elements and is more compact than the extended resonance circuits previously reported. A nine device power combining oscillator has been designed, fabricated and tested at the operating frequency of 10.11 GHz. The radiation patterns in both E and H plane have been measured and compared with the theoretical patterns. An effective isotropic radiated power of 2.4 W has been obtained from the nine device combiner.
Electrocardiographic manifestations of a dual-chamber, rate-modulated (DDDR) pacemaker

Dual-chamber, rate-modulated pacing (DDDR) has only recently been made available. During exercise, the pacemaker is capable of tracking not only the patient's intrinsic P wave but also the AV sequential sensor-indicated rate response, which depends on the programmed variables of the specific sensor in the DDDR pulse generator. Programmed options that affect the operation of a rate-modulated DDDR device are slope, threshold, reaction time, and recovery time. In addition, one is required to program a base or minimum pacing rate and a maximum tracking rate, as in any DDD device, as well as a maximum sensor rate. It is essential to know and understand all these programmed options if one is to correctly interpret electrocardiograms from a DDDR pacemaker. Interpreting the electrocardiograms also requires an understanding of the sensor-indicated rate of the pacemaker at any given level of exercise, which is determined by the options previously listed and the interaction between the sensor-indicated rate and the patient's intrinsic atrial and ventricular activity. This paper presents electrocardiograms typical of a new DDDR pacemaker undergoing clinical investigation.
ON IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MARKET MODEL

Data on 4,087 securities from 1988 to 1990 are used to test the relation between market model R [superscript 2] and trading volume. Eliminating high-volume observations increases R [superscript 2] by about 10 percent, confirming results previously reported. This study indicates that this improvement is possible by eliminating a small number of observations. It also indicates that this relation between R [superscript 2] and volume is unrelated to firm size.
Mobile Network Analysis Using Probabilistic Connectivity Matrices

Researchers use random graph models to analyze complex networks that have no centralized control such as the Internet, peer-to-peer systems, and mobile ad hoc networks. These models explain phenomena like phase changes, clustering, and scaling. It is necessary to understand these phenomena when designing systems where exact node configurations cannot be known in advance. This paper presents a method for analyzing random graph models that combine discrete mathematics and probability theory. A graph connectivity matrix is constructed where each matrix element is the Bernoulli probability that an edge exists between two given nodes. We show how to construct these matrices for many graph classes, and use linear algebra to analyze the connectivity matrix. We present an application that uses this approach to analyze network cluster self-organization for sensor network security. We conclude by discussing the use of these concepts in mobile systems design.
Puritan Mysticism and the Development of Liberalism

The rise of the liberal spirit in seventeenth-century England is generally equated with the development of Locke's philosophy and the rationalism of English churchmen such as Tillotson, Stillingfleet, and Sharpe. In tracing the emergence of this movement historians of thought have given adequate attention to such factors as the Cambridge Platonists, the earlier Latitudinarians, the impact of Newtonian science, and the general social, political, and economic conditions of the day. One factor has been overlooked. There were certain emphases or characteristics in the mystical element of Puritanism which also appeared later in the rise of the liberal spirit on the English scene. The usual treatment of this phase of the Puritan movement is to grant its fruitfulness in the economic and political spheres, but to consider it a peculiar aberration which is insignificant for subsequent developments in religious thought except for its issue in Quakerism.
Labor adjustment, productivity and output volatility: An evaluation of Japan’s Employment Adjustment Subsidy

Abstract This paper provides a quantitative examination of the impact of Japan’s Employment Adjustment Subsidy, a major employment insurance policy since 1975, on labor adjustment, productivity and output fluctuation in the iron and steel sector. A partial equilibrium industry model with heterogeneous establishments and aggregate uncertainty shows that the EAS reduces steady-state labor productivity by encouraging labor hoarding, and in some cases, preventing the exit of least efficient establishments. The EAS also reduces job flows and increases average establishment-level employment. Although the impact on productivity is roughly proportional to the size of subsidized workers in most cases, the effects of the subsidy on output and employment volatility are more than proportional. First, the subsidy can lead to a sizable increase in output fluctuations over business cycles by symmetrically increasing the output response to shocks. This result is achieved through lower output via a subsidy during unfavorable times and higher output via less time and money spent on hiring during favorable times. Second, the subsidy meets its primary objective of reduced employment volatility. The reduction can be considerable when firing costs are high.
2-(Isopropylsulfinyl)-Benzothiazole as a Delayed Action Thiazole Accelerator

Abstract At vulcanization temperatures, 2-(isopropylsulfinyl)-benzothiazole(ISB) generates 2-benzothiazole sulfenic acid as a reactive intermediate. In this respect (i.e., formation of a sulfenyl species), ISB is analogous to a benzothiazole sulfenamide, but without the built-in amine activation. Thus, ISB alone is slow, but responds to a variety of activators. The potential to independently select the activator can offer a wider latitude in meeting today's compounding challenges. For example, ISB activated by tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide represents a system devoid of precursors of volatile introsamines ISB with thiophosphoryl sulfides can provide effective, amine-free cure packages. Where nitrosamines are not a factor, tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) remains the best general purpose activator. Examples of the effects of ISB/activator systems on cure characteristics and physical properties in a variety of recipes are presented. A unique, practical synthesis of ISB in two steps from MBT, propylene an...
The “Mentalities” of Negro and White Workers: an “Experimental School” Interpretation of Negro Trade Unionism

cepts, and public concepts presuppose a common felt-world. It is difficult for this interracial faculty to talk together, and it is almost impossible for them to relax and laugh together. Laughter demands an almost mystic degree of communication. The result is that when people really want to enjoy themselves, they do it in a segregated social life, in this haven of interracial concord. We feel that, until a different type of white professor or a different type of Negro professor goes to such a college to teach, these sources of tension will exist.
Book Review: Reporting Disasters: Famine, Aid, Politics and the Media, by Suzanne Franks

Reporting Disasters: Famine, Aid, Politics and the Media. Suzanne Franks. London: Hurst and Company, 2013. 248 pp. $27.95 pbk.Author Suzanne Franks, a professor at City University of London, does not pull any punches in this book-based on her doctoral dissertation-which reports on the Ethiopian famine and an aid effort widely believed to be a success thanks to the agenda-setting efforts of the worldwide mass media. The famine, she says, was "a textbook case study." Her book serves that purpose.Initially, she spends a great deal of time putting the famine in a context that is unfamiliar to today's readers, who accept instantaneous tweets of breaking news, continuous coverage online, and twenty-four-hour television news on multiple channels as the norm. "This was still a period when television news was restricted to three bulletins a day and nothing else. There were no news channels or 24-hour coverage, let alone online news or social media."However, the overwhelming coverage of the famine and the worldwide efforts, including the creation of United Support of Artists for Africa and the "We Are the World" campaign of 1985, was not because media outlets were not aware of the famine that resulted in the death of 1 million people. A famine is not a sudden disaster such as an earthquake. It takes place over many months and years. As a result, her focus turns into what made the famine a huge worldwide news event despite the unpopularity of the Ethiopian government. An early example of the repetitive, almost incessant "CNN effect," media coverage leads to changes in policy. In this case, it was one specific broadcast that instigated the change, an overnight change in world perception and aid."To this day, it is unfathomable to me why, on that particular date, that particular film created a worldwide sensation," says Dawit Wolde Giorgis, chief of Ethiopia's Relief and Rehabilitation Commission, in his own memoir. Still, it was a slow news day and a day, October 23, 1984, when the BBC decided to take a chance on an exclusive, longer (seven-minute) documentary piece by Michael Buerk that led a traditionally twenty-minute-long standard bulletin containing national and world news. After the broadcast, according to John Simpson, the BBC's World Affairs editor, "the famine in Ethiopia was probably the biggest news story BBC Television News broadcast in the 1980s until the fall of the Berlin Wall."There was a tenfold increase in coverage by professional media outlets such as The Times of London. Coverage of the famine in tabloid newspapers went from 50 column inches in the first three weeks of October to nearly 1,200 column inches in the last ten days of the month. The television pictures sold the story. …
Delayed repolarization in smooth muscles.

SummarySucrose gap records from strips of cat circular intestinal muscle show under influence of barium a reversible transformation of spikes to plateaus lasting many seconds and topped by oscillations. Acetylcholine on cat longitudinal intestinal muscle may induce either rhythmic plateaus topped by spikes or a maintained depolarization, depending on concentration.
Toward the Development of an Integrated Crisis Warning System

Research directed toward the development of user-oriented integrated crisis warning systems should incorporate quantitative military, political, and economic indicators for crisis warning; indicators of U.S. military, political and economic interests abroad; and a unified multi-method forecasting capability into an interactive computer base. Initial movement toward this goal has occurred in the development and testing of a first-stage prototype crisis warning system. Tests indicate that the prototype would have contributed to predictions of the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and the Indo-Pakistani war, and would enable analysts to track crisis and noncrisis events and conditions and to interact productively with a computer-based system. The second-stage prototype will continue to integrate, test, modify, and apply existing and ongoing research to the overall warning and management problem.
Navigation System Design Based on Digital Television Network

User demands of traffic navigation system based on DTV network are introduced.The key technologies of system implementation are analyzed.The hardware components and network structure are given.The system software can be divided into three layers: the data processing layer,the business engine layer and the business application layer.The system can be implemented easily without any changes on TV terminal and cable TV network.
Why Is Neuromechanical Modeling of Balance and Locomotion So Hard

A goal and challenge in neuromechanical modeling is to develop validated simulations to predict the effects of neuromotor deficits and therapies on movements. This has been particularly challenging in balance and locomotion because they are inherently unstable, making it difficult to explore model parameters in a way that still coordinates the body in a functional way. Integrating realistic and validated musculoskeletal models with neural control mechanisms is critical to our ability to predict how human robustly move in the environment. Here we briefly review both human locomotion models, which generally focus on modeling the physical dynamics of movement with simplified models of neural control, as well as balance models, which model sensorimotor dynamics and processing with simplified biomechanical models. Combining complex neural and musculoskeletal models increases the redundancy in a model and allows us to study how motor variability and robustness are exploited to produce movements in both healthy and impaired individuals. To advance, the integration of neuromechanical modeling and experimental approaches will be critical in testing specific hypotheses concerning how and why neuromechanical flexibility is both exploited and constrained under various movement contexts. We give a few examples of how the close interplay between models and experiments can reveal neuromechanical principles of movement.
Mapping of force fields in a capacitively driven radiofrequency plasma discharge

In this paper a method is described that allows mapping of the forces acting on dust particles in a GEC reference cell. Monodisperse particles are dropped into the plasma environment and their trajectories are tracked using a high-speed camera system to determine local accelerations and respective forces. Collecting data from a large number of particle drops allows the identification of three-dimensional vector fields for the acting forces. The procedure is described and multiple examples in which the method has been applied are given. These examples include a simple plasma sheath, plasmas perturbed by a horizontal and vertical dipole magnet, an array of multiple magnets mimicking the fields found at a lunar swirl, and the fields inside a glass box used for particle confinement. Further applicability in other plasma environments will be discussed shortly.
Measurement of the Luminescence Quantum Efficiency of Na3Ga2Li3F12:Cr3+ by Laser Calorimetry

Laser pumped laser experiments1 on Na3Ga2Li3F12:Cr3+ indicated levels of gain 3 to 4 times lower than theoretical prediction. The value of the emission cross section used in the prediction was based on the assumption of unity quantum efficiency at room temperature. The reduced gain could then be indicative of a high nonradiative relaxation rate (i.e., nonunity quantum efficiency) and/or the presence of excited state absorption. The present study yielded a value of nf = .92±.06 indicating that the discrepancy between the theoretical and measured gain cannot be explained by a low quantum efficiency.
Perceived Risk and Voting Behavior

The purpose of this pilot study is to conceptualize the application of perceived risk to voting behavior, to measure the perceived risks voters associated with specific candidates, and determine if there is any relationship between the voters’ risk perception and their actual voting pattern.
Cooperation diversity using differential distributed space-time codes

We develop a protocol that permits effective use of differential space-time coding schemes for cooperative diversity systems. The consideration of system design without assuming the knowledge of channel state information (CSI) at the receiver becomes therefore more realistic. With the use of the proposed protocol, it is shown that the use of differential space-time codes in space-time cooperation is feasible with the performance degraded only by 3 dB noise enhancement compared with the coherent detection. The performance of the cooperative diversity system is analyzed for a two-user case for different channel environments in terms of the diversity gain and the diversity product. The optimization of the power allocation between source and relay terminals is considered for the maximization of the diversity product.
Biodistribution of orally administered poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles for 7 days followed by 21 day recovery in F344 rats

Abstract The aim of this research was to assess biodistribution of orally administered poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) in rats and investigate the excretion of PLGA nanoparticles after administration has ended. The experiment was divided into 2 phases. In phase I, F344 rats were orally administered fluorescently tagged PLGA nanoparticles daily (3 mg/day) for 7 days, followed by a mass balance analysis which was performed on tissues of interest to determine NP biodistribution. In phase II, after 7 days of oral exposure, rats were no longer administered PLGA NPs, and amount of NPs excreted was measured each week for 3 weeks. At day seven, the last day of the nanoparticle exposure period, over half of the daily administered PLGA NPs were excreted. Among the nanoparticles recovered from the tissues, the majority was recovered in the intestines (23.4% daily dose), followed by the liver (11.4% daily dose), kidney (5.5% daily dose), spleen (2.5% daily dose), lung (2.0% daily dose), brain (1.0% daily dose), plasma (0.7% daily dose), and heart (0.2% daily dose), respectively. During phase II, the amount of NPs in the feces declined from the maximum excretion on day 7 (58.3% daily dose) to the minimum value on day 28 (6.7% daily dose), 3 weeks after NP administration ended. Little change in nanoparticle excretion was observed between day 21 and day 28, indicating the baseline had been reached. The findings are significant for understanding biodistribution and excretion of orally administered PLGA NPs and are relevant to their application in food, agriculture, and medicine.
Pharmacogenomics of autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interactions as well as restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests. Pharmacologic interventions are often needed to manage irritability, aggressive behaviors and hyperactivity. Pharmacogenomic studies have investigated genetic associations with treatment response and side effects in an attempt to better understand drug mechanisms in hopes of optimizing the balance of symptom improvement versus side effects. The majority of pharmacogenomic studies to date have focused on antipsychotics, antidepressants and stimulants that are the most commonly utilized medication classes for ASD. This review is a comprehensive examination of the existing pharmacogenomic studies in ASD highlighting the current state of knowledge regarding genetic variation influencing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and associated clinical outcomes.
Influenza-induced lung T rm : not all memories last forever

In the light of new findings that lung tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) represent major mediators of heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus, it is of utmost importance to understand the basic biological mechanisms behind induction, formation and maintenance of this cell population. Addressing these important knowledge gaps will potentially inform development of superior, broadly protective influenza vaccines and new immunization strategies.
Incorporating Assessments of Sequence-Dependence in Developmental Studies of Combination Chemotherapy Regimens Containing New Agents and Platinum Compounds

The evaluation of combination chemotherapy regimens that incorporate new drugs has been accepted as the next rationale step in the development of new cytotoxic agents following the completion of phase I and early phase II trials. Before incorporating new agents into combination chemotherapy regimens, the new agent should have demonstrated a sufficient level of antitumor activity in relevant tumor types. In addition, adequate preclinical and clinical information about optimal scheduling should be available. New cytotoxic agents are often combined with platinum compounds, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, if the new agents possess relevant antitumor activity in ovarian, non-small and small cell lung, bladder, and germ cell carcinomas, as well as in other malignancies in which the platinum compounds are the mainstay of therapy.
The Self-Reflectivity of Silliness: Sullivan's Travels' Critique of the Classical Hollywood Film

Abstract:In this article, I argue that Preston Sturges appropriates the “silliness” of early slapstick and cartoon shorts in Sullivan's Travels to call attention to the artifice of filmmaking and challenge the cultural and economic imperatives of studios during the classical Hollywood era.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE POORER SURVIVAL OF BLACK AMERICANS DIAGNOSED WITH ORAL CANCER (UNITED STATES)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to the poorer survival of blacks in the United States diagnosed with oral cancer.
Dynamic ideal point estimation for the European Parliament, 1980–2009

The European Parliament is one of most prominent substantive applications of NOMINATE to the study of roll call voting outside the U.S., yielding tremendous insights into the voting patterns of the world’s most important transnational parliament. However, this body of research cannot facilitate comparisons of ideological shifts over time, because it exclusively employs scaling models that are static. In this paper, I produce dynamic ideal point estimates for the first six European Parliaments from 1980 to 2009 that can be compared over time. These estimates show a significant amount of ideological shifting for some Members of the European Parliament. I explain the measurement strategy, and compare cross-sectional estimates to existing measures as a validity check. I also offer three applications highlighting the types projects that scholars of the European Parliament might wish to use these dynamic measures to study further.
Criterion-Referenced Objectives for a Psychiatry Residency Program

The field of educational evaluation provides a framework for developing objectives which are operational and useful for trainee evaluation and program decision making. Criterion-referenced objectives make possible a more holistic assessment of resident performance. The “mental status” objective from each of three residency programs is critiqued and a prototype criterion-referenced mental status objective is presented as an alternative. We hope this paper will stimulate the exchange of ideas on evaluating resident competence.
Fabrication of magneto-optic YIG ceramics (Conference Presentation)

Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) is an important material for high power infrared isolators as well as in microwave applications. When processed in bulk polycrystalline form, the transmission of this cubic material is greatly affected by non-stoichiometry and porosity content. This work investigates the effect of sintering additives, such as MgO, on the fabrication of YIG ceramics by way of conventional solid-state reactive (CSSR) sintering at 1380C for differing soak times. Specifically, we will be discussing the effect of these additives on the microstructure and densification kinetics and show that IR transparent bulk sized ceramics can be obtained with a grain size below 3 um.
Investigating the Correlation-Firing Rate Relationship in Heterogeneous Recurrent Networks.

The structure of spiking activity in cortical networks has important implications for how the brain ultimately codes sensory signals. However, our understanding of how network and intrinsic cellular mechanisms affect spiking is still incomplete. In particular, whether cell pairs in a neural network show a positive (or no) relationship between pairwise spike count correlation and average firing rate is generally unknown. This relationship is important because it has been observed experimentally in some sensory systems, and it can enhance information in a common population code. Here we extend our prior work in developing mathematical tools to succinctly characterize the correlation and firing rate relationship in heterogeneous coupled networks. We find that very modest changes in how heterogeneous networks occupy parameter space can dramatically alter the correlation–firing rate relationship.
Advances in technology for storing light water reactor spent fuel

By 2003, 58 U.S. commercial nuclear power plant units are expected to run out of wet storage space for light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel. This paper reports how, to alleviate this problem, utilities have implemented advanced storage methods that have increased storage capacity as well as reduced the rate of spent-fuel; generation. These methods include transshipping spent-fuel assemblies between pools within the same utility system, reracking pools to accommodate additional spent-fuel assemblies, taking credit for fuel burnup in pool storage rack designs, extending fuel burnup, rod consolidation, and dry storage.
The St. Elizabethan World

I take the following to be a platitude about knowledge: there would be no problem of knowledge if everything always had been, were, and always would be just as we believe it to be. In one way or another the problem of knowledge is motivated by of our familiarity with the gap between appearance and reality. So it is an intuition that survives our reflections on knowledge that what we might call “an incorrigible world,” any world ω where for all propositions p, if S believes that p at ω, then p at ω, is a world where one knows to be true everything one believes to be true. One might hope that our best account of the nature of knowledge might explain why this platitude is platitudinous. If not, one would at least hope for the preferred account to be compatible with it. Unfortunately, coherence accounts of knowledge do not fulfill this hope, for they imply that there are some incorrigible worlds that are epistemically inaccessible. I will consider the coherence analysis offered in The Structure of Empirical Knowledge, by Laurence Bonjour as a representative case, showing why that analysis is inconsistent with the above platitude, and suggest why this is general problem for coherence theories. I end by suggesting that a solution to the problem is to abandon the presupposition present in many coherence theories that coherence properties are world-invariant.
Simulation of the transient response of ionization chambers to bias voltage perturbations

Ionization chambers (ICs) are used in reactor protection instrument channels for monitoring neutron flux levels. These neutron sensors may degrade during the operation of the reactor through a change in their fill-gas characteristics. The comparison of the simulated and measured transient IC response to bias voltage perturbations can lead to the identification of these mechanisms. Once the mechanisms are identified, their impact on instrument channel response can be assessed by parametric studies. The charge transport model for such an identification and assessment process consists of three coupled nonlinear parabolic differential equations. The initial conditions for these equations are found by solving for the steady-state charge distribution in the IC fill gas prior to bias voltage perturbation. The space-time charge distribution in the IC is determined by a fully explicit-semi-implicit numerical scheme. The mode is implemented to determine the transient response of a N/sub 2-/ and a xenon-filled IC to a 500-V bias voltage perturbation. In this implementation, good agreement is observed between the predicted and measured responses, with substantial improvement over the previously proposed models. The comparison of the numerical scheme to the interactive continuous system modeling program technique used in the previous studies indicates a twentyfold reduction in the more » number of time steps required for the simulation of a 5-ms transient. The model is also capable of quantifying the effect of fill-gas impurities on the transient IC response. « less
Ambient Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit: Designing the Electronic Medical Record of the Future

Electronic medical record (EMR) systems have a lot to live up to. They have been proclaimed as the solution to many of the ills that afflict our health care systems, offering lower costs, fewer errors, increased efficiency, as well as clinical decision support for providers and patient empowerment. While the potential benefits are encouraging, in truth these claims are largely unsubstantiated. Where evidence does exist, the results are often conflicting or compromised by methodological limitations. As EMR systems become more prevalent, their impact on the quality and safety of health care delivery — good, bad or indifferent — will be amplified. In this chapter, we outline some of the key opportunities and challenges associated with the development and testing of integrated electronic environments and present a vision for the incorporation of smart EMR systems into acute care. With rigorous attention to development and testing, we contend that such systems will yield higher quality, safer care for our patients.
Research Strategies in Clinical Psychology

The incorporation of research and the scientific method within the training of clinical psychologists is a unique aspect of this field. While most professions train their students strictly in applied clinical aspects of the respective field, the professional training of clinical psychologists emphasizes both scientific (research) and clinical (applied) aspects (Raimey, 1950). Normally, this training culminates in the award of a doctorate of philosophy (Ph.D.), which is contingent upon an original research contribution to the field. Indeed, research and clinical psychology are intimately connected. As noted by Phares (1979), experience in research provides clinical psychologists with a “professional identity that made us unique in the mental health world.... and differentiates the clinical psychologist from the rest of the pack” (p. 15).
Neural Basis of Gender

Sex differences in gonadal hormone levels during development and in adulthood cause sex differences in brain structure and neurochemistry. Differences in sex chromosomes within neuronal tissue also contribute directly. These sex differences can cause as well as prevent sex differences in behavior and other functions controlled by the brain. They may also explain sex differences in the vulnerability for, and course of, behavioral and neurological disorders.
Categorical perception of colour signals in a songbird

In many contexts, animals assess each other using signals that vary continuously across individuals and, on average, reflect variation in the quality of the signaller1,2. It is often assumed that signal receivers perceive and respond continuously to continuous variation in the signal2. Alternatively, perception and response may be discontinuous3, owing to limitations in discrimination, categorization or both. Discrimination is the ability to tell two stimuli apart (for example, whether one can tell apart colours close to each other in hue). Categorization concerns whether stimuli are grouped based on similarities (for example, identifying colours with qualitative similarities in hue as similar even if they can be distinguished)4. Categorical perception is a mechanism by which perceptual systems categorize continuously varying stimuli, making specific predictions about discrimination relative to category boundaries. Here we show that female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) categorically perceive a continuously variable assessment signal: the orange to red spectrum of male beak colour. Both predictions of categorical perception5 were supported: females (1) categorized colour stimuli that varied along a continuum and (2) showed increased discrimination between colours from opposite sides of a category boundary compared to equally different colours from within a category. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of categorical perception of signal-based colouration in a bird, with implications for understanding avian colour perception and signal evolution in general.
The effects of mechanically loaded osteocytes and inflammation on bone remodeling in a bisphosphonate-induced environment

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a disease appearing after tooth removal in patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment for metastasizing cancers and osteoporosis. The complexity of the condition requires a multicellular model to address the net effects of two key risk factors: mechanical trauma (pathologic overload) and inflammation. In this work, a system comprised of a polydimethylsiloxane chip and mechanical loading device is used to expose bisphosphonate-treated osteocytes to mechanical trauma. Specifically, osteocytes are treated with the potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid, and exposed to short-term pathologic overload via substrate stretch. During bone remodeling, osteocyte apoptosis plays a role in attracting pre-osteoclasts to sites of damage; as such, lactate dehydrogenase activity, cell death and protein expression are evaluated as functions of load. Additionally, the effects of osteocyte soluble factors on osteoclast and osteoblast functional activity are quantified. Osteoclast activity and bone resorption are quantified in the presence and absence of inflammatory components, lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. Results suggest that inflammation associated with bacterial infection may hinder bone resorption by osteoclasts. In addition, osteocytes may respond to overload by altering expression of soluble signals that act on osteoblasts to attenuate bone formation. These findings give insight into the multicellular interactions implicated in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Prognostic value of FLT3 mutations among different cytogenetic subgroups in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

7015 Background: Mutations of the FLT3 gene (in special internal tandem duplication -ITD) are common in normal karyotype AML (NK-AML) and are associated with shorter relapse free and overall surviv...
Photoacoustic behavior of CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 core-shell magnetoelectric nanoparticles

AbstractTargeted drug delivery has become an increasingly popular field of research over the past decade as the desire for more discriminatory methods of treatment has risen. Photoacoustic-mediated...
CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES FOLLOWING BORTEZOMIB REINITIATION AFTER CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DIAGNOSIS IN MULTIPLE MYELOMA

The incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients treated with proteasome inhibitor therapy is reported at 2% - 5%. However, the data are limited regarding safety of resuming proteasome inhibitor therapy after a diagnosis of CHF. A retrospective chart review was
Fatal distraction: implications of anthropogenic noise on the behavior and reproductive success of mason spiders

Many human activities produce sound (e.g. airborne, waterborne, and substrate-borne waves), or anthropogenic noise, that can be a novel stimulus for many animals and is widely recognized as an issue of environmental concern. Substrate-borne noise in particular, might be especially harmful to animals that can sense and communicate using substrate-borne waves. One way anthropogenic noise can be harmful is by distracting animals from important tasks, like providing parental care to offspring. We investigated if substrate-borne sound from traffic distracts mason spiders (Castianeira sp.) from the essential task of building mounds to protect their egg sacs. We conducted 60 trials across 4 treatments to examine the effects of noise and the consequences to offspring survival. Preliminary analyses indicate that noise has impacts on behavior and underlines the necessity of investigating impacts of anthropogenic activities on a variety of animals including invertebrates. Featured photo by Tom on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2gsitFz
Continuous Evolution: Perspective on the Epidemiology of Carbapenemase Resistance Among Enterobacterales and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria

The global emergence of carbapenemase-producing bacteria capable of hydrolyzing the once effective carbapenem antibiotics is considered a contemporary public health concern. Carbapenemase enzymes, once constrained to isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, are now routinely reported in different bacteria within the Enterobacterales order of bacteria, creating the acronym CRE which now defines Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales. CRE harboring different types of enzymes, including the most prevalent types KPC, VIM, IMP, NDM, and OXA-48, are now routinely reported and more importantly, are now frequently present in many infections world-wide. Defining and updating the contemporary epidemiology of both the US and global burden of carbapenem-resistant infections is now more important than ever. This review describes the global distribution and continued evolution of carbapenemases which continue to spread at alarming rates. Informed understanding of the current epidemiology of CRE, coupled with advances in antibiotic options, and the use rapid diagnostics offers the potential for rapid identification and management of carbapenem-resistant infections.
MRI-based prostate and dominant lesion segmentation using deep neural network

In this study, a learning-based method using mask R-CNN is proposed to automatically segment prostate and its dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The mask RCNN is able to perform end-to-end segmentation by locating the target region-of-interest (ROI) and then segmenting target within that ROI. The ROI locating step can improve the efficiency of the segmentation step by decreasing the image size. Dual attention networks are used as backbone in mask R-CNN to extract comprehensive features from MR images. The binary mask of targets of an arrival patient’s MR image is generated by the well-trained network. To evaluate the proposed method, we retrospectively investigate 25 MRI datasets. On each dataset, prostate and DILs were delineated by physicians and was served as ground truth and training target. The proposed method was trained and evaluated by a five-fold cross validation strategy. The average centroid distance, volume difference and DSC value for prostate/DIL among all 25 patients are 0.85±2.62mm/2.77±2.13, 0.58±0.52cc/1.72±1.74cc and 0.95±0.09/0.69±0.12, respectively. The proposed method has shown accurate segmentation performance, which is promising in improving the efficiency and mitigating the observer-dependence in prostate and DIL contouring for DIL focal boost radiation therapy.
Peripheral antinociceptive effects of a bifunctional μ and δ opioid receptor ligand in rat model of inflammatory bladder pain.

Abstract There is a need to develop a novel analgesic for pain associated with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). The use of the conventional μ-opioid receptor agonists to manage IC/PBS pain is controversial due to adverse CNS effects. These effects are attenuated in benzylideneoxymorphone (BOM), a low-efficacy μ-opioid receptor agonist/δ-opioid receptor antagonist that attenuates thermal pain and is devoid of reinforcing effects. We hypothesize that BOM will inhibit bladder pain by attenuating responses of urinary bladder distension (UBD)-sensitive afferent fibers. Therefore, the effect of BOM was tested on responses of UBD-sensitive afferent fibers in L6 dorsal root from inflamed and non-inflamed bladder of rats. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination reveals that following the induction of inflammation there were significant high expressions of μ, δ, and μ-δ heteromer receptors in DRG. BOM dose-dependently (1–10 mg/kg, i.v) attenuated mechanotransduction properties of these afferent fibers from inflamed but not from non-inflamed rats. In behavioral model of bladder pain, BOM significantly attenuated visceromotor responses (VMRs) to UBD only in inflamed group of rats when injected either systemically (10 mg/kg, i.v.) or locally into the bladder (0.1 ml of 10 mg/ml). Furthermore, oxymorphone (OXM), a high-efficacy μ-opioid receptor agonist, attenuated responses of mechanosensitive bladder afferent fibers and VMRs to UBD. Naloxone (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of BOM and OXM on responses of bladder afferent fibers and VMRs suggesting μ-opioid receptor-related analgesic effects of these compounds. The results reveal that a low-efficacy, bifunctional opioid-based compound can produce analgesia by attenuating mechanotransduction functions of afferent fibers innervating the urinary bladder.
A Basic Method for Western Blotting

It is crucial to find out what is happening inside the cells. For, this one needs to get access to the proteins and DNA inside the cells. One way to achieve this is to break open the cells and study the proteins or nucleic acids inside the cells. Western blotting is a primary method to carry such protein studies, including protein-DNA interaction, in the laboratory. Researchers use this blotting method to separate and identify proteins. They first separate a mixture of proteins according to their size or molecular weight through a gel using a procedure called gel electrophoresis. Since the gels are fragile for further analysis of the separated proteins (unless staining the proteins with a dye to visualize the proteins), researchers transfer the separated proteins from the gel to the more stable nitrocellulose or PVDF membranes. This transfer results in a replica of the protein pattern found on the gel to the membrane, producing a band for each protein. Then, particular proteins on the membrane are detected using specific antibodies. While there are several variations of the technique, the basic method has not changed. This chapter gives information regarding the necessary steps involved, starting from buffer preparation, sample preparation, gel casting, protein transfer from the gel to a membrane, blocking methods, and detecting proteins with specific antibodies. Each step in the process is vital to obtain a satisfactory result.
Robotic Kidney Transplant: The Modern Era Technical Revolution.

Since the mid 20th century, transplantation has been a fast-developing field of contemporary medicine. The technical aspects of transplant operations were developed in the 1950s, with little significant change for more than 50 years. Those techniques allowed completion of various organ transplants and successful patient outcomes, but they also carried the inherent disadvantages of open surgery, such as post-operative pain, wound complications and infections, and prolonged length of hospital stay. The introduction and adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the early 1990s to various surgical specialties including general, gynecologic and urologic surgery led to significant improvements in post-operative patient care and outcomes. Organ transplantation, with its precision demanding vascular anastomoses, initially had been considered infeasible to accomplish with conventional laparoscopic devices. The institution of robotic surgical technology in the late 1990s and its subsequent wide utilization in fields of surgery changed its accessibility and acceptance. The steady camera, three dimensional views and multidirectional wrist motions, surgical robotics opened new horizons for technically demanding surgeries such as transplantation to be completed in a minimally invasive fashion. Furthermore, the hope was this technique could find a niche to treat patients who otherwise are not deemed surgical candidates in many fields including transplantation. Here in, robotics in kidney transplantation and its ability to help provide equity through access to transplantation will be discussed. Supplemental Visual Abstract; http://links.lww.com/TP/C264.
Detailed bugs or bugging details? The influence of perceptual richness across elementary school years.

Abstract Visualizations are commonly used in educational materials; however, not all visualizations are equally effective at promoting learning. Prior research has supported the idea that both perceptually rich and bland visualizations are beneficial for learning and generalization. We investigated whether the perceptual richness of a life cycle diagram influenced children’s learning of metamorphosis, a concept that prior work suggests is difficult for people to generalize. Using identical materials, Study 1 (N = 76) examined learning and generalization of metamorphosis in first- and second-grade students, and Study 2 (N = 53) did so in fourth- and fifth-grade students. Bayesian regression analyses revealed that first and second graders learned more from the lesson with the perceptually rich diagram. In addition, fourth and fifth graders generalized more with the bland diagram, but these generalizations tended to be incorrect (i.e., generalizing metamorphosis to animals that do not undergo this type of change). These findings differ from prior research with adults, in which bland diagrams led to more correct generalizations, suggesting that the effect of perceptual richness on learning and generalization might change over development.
COVID-19 effects on the global PV supply chain

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed consumer and industry behaviors, supply chain trends in general, and the photovoltaic supply chain specifically. This paper describes current issues and offers potential solutions to proactively position the industry to weather future disruptions.