cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basic Building Blocks and Process Variability of a Cretaceous Delta: Internal Facies Architecture Reveals a More Dynamic Interaction of River, Wave, and Tidal Processes Than Is Indicated by External Shape

Abstract Although delta-building processes and the resultant facies and facies associations have been studied for over a century, there remains a lack of well-documented facies architectural studies of ancient deltas. In this study, architectural-element analysis is applied to determine the basic building blocks of a Cretaceous delta at the top of the upper Turonian Wall Creek Member exposed along the western flanks of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. We document the bed-scale basic building blocks of this ancient delta, and show them in the context of their facies and stratal variability, and their hierarchical spatial arrangement within a single deltaic parasequence. We also test the idea that external sand-body shape may not reflect the internal facies complexity, as has recently been suggested in studies of several modern deltas, including the Burdekin in Australia, the Brazos in the Gulf of Mexico, and the Baram–Trusan in Borneo. Five orders of bounding surfaces separate six facies architectural elements in the prodelta and delta front deposits. These elements are prodelta fines (PF), frontal splay (FS), channel (CH), storm sheet (SS), tidally modulated deposit (TM), and bar accretion (BA). Seasonal to decadal river floods are thought to represent the main building phases of the delta, producing channels, bars, and frontal splay elements. During intervening periods, the delta was reworked by waves, storms, and tides, producing tidally modulated and storm sheet elements. Due to the complex interactions of river effluents with waves, storms and tides, the delta is interpreted as mixed-influenced. Regional sandstone isolith, facies, and paleocurrent maps help to reconstruct the paleogeography and show how the various architectural elements varied across the delta front. The channels, bars, frontal splays, and tidally modulated elements are found only near the distributary mouth, whereas the storm sheets occur extensively away from the distributary mouth. The plan-view morphology of the studied delta shows a smooth-fronted, arcuate to cuspate shape, which should indicate wave dominance. In contrast, our analysis of the internal facies architecture shows that the delta was constructed rapidly during major river floods with significant tidal reworking. Additional outcrop mapping shows that storm-wave-reworked sands are attached to the flanks of the system. Previously published delta models predict incorrectly that the tidal reworking of a river-flood dominated system should result in a more bird-foot shape versus the lobate geometry that is actually mapped. Our analysis of internal facies versus external shape matches similar observations on several modern deltas and suggests that external shape is a poor indicator of internal facies complexity.
New Seismic Hazard Maps for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands

The probabilistic methodology developed by the U.S. Geological Survey is applied to a new seismic hazard assessment for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Modeled seismic sources include grid...
Encountering Social Class Differences at Work: How “Class Work” Perpetuates Inequality

Using a microsociological lens, we develop a theoretical framework that explains how social class distinctions are sustained within organizations. In particular, we introduce the concept of “class work” and explicate the cognitions and practices that members of different classes engage in when they come in contact with each other in cross-class encounters. We also elucidate how class work perpetuates inequality, as well as the consequences of class work on organizations and those at the lower end of the organizational hierarchy. By examining microlevel interactions and how they become institutionalized within organizations as prevailing rules and practices, we contribute to both institutional theory and the sociology of social class differences. We encourage future research on social class and discuss some of the challenges inherent in conducting it.
Frontiers in Queueing: Models and Applications in Science and Engineering

Progress of Classical Queueing Models A Personal View of Queueing Theory, R. Syski Retrial Queues Revisited, V.G. Kulkarni and H.M. Liang Some Results for the Mean Waiting-Time and Workload in GI/GI/k Queues, D.J. Daley Queues with State Dependent Parameters, J.H. Dshalalow Telecommunications and Computer Networks Queueing Analysis of Polling Models: Progress in 1990-1994, H. Takagi Product-Form Loss Networks, H. Kobayashi and B.L. Mark Sojourn Time Distributions in Non-Product Form Queueing Networks, H. Daduna Traffic Processes Stochastic Geometry Models of Mobile Communication Networks, F. Baccelli and S. Zuyev Fractal Queueing Models, A. Erramilli, O. Narayan, and W. Willinger Stochastic Modeling of Traffic Processes, D.L. Jagerman, B. Melamed, and W. Willinger Fluid Models for Single Buffer Systems, V.G. Kulkarni Applied Techniques and Statistical Inference in Queueing Models Computational Methods in Queueing, H.C. Tijms Statistical Analysis of Queueing Systems, U.N. Bhat, G. Miller, and S.S. Rao Perturbation Analysis for Control and Optimization of Queueing Systems: An Overview and the State of the Art, Y.-C. Ho and C.G. Cassandras Polynomial Time Algorithms for Estimation of Rare Events in Queueing Models, V. Kriman and R.Y. Rubinstein Parametric Statistical Inference for Tail Probabilities of Queues, P. Glynn and M. Torres Index
Vasodilation and Vascular Control in Contracting Muscle of the Aging Human

There is accumulating evidence in humans that the control of blood flow to dynamically contracting skeletal muscle is altered with normal aging. Despite some inconsistencies in the literature, most healthy older subject groups studied to date (∼55–75 years) exhibited attenuated leg blood flow responses to moderate intensity leg exercise in comparison to younger (∼20–30 years) controls. In most cases, older subjects also have higher arterial perfusion pressures at rest and at any submaximal workload than their younger counterparts, suggesting a heightened level of vasoconstriction in the legs that could result from structural and/or functional alterations within the arterial vasculature. The influence of age on vasodilator responsiveness in the contracting limbs of humans remains an open question, with reports of blunted, similar, and augmented increases in local vascular conductance during graded exercise in older vs. younger adults. Recent results from the authors' laboratory suggest that the ability of ...
BEHAVIOR OF INTEREST RATES IN A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MULTISECTOR MODEL WITH IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT

The behavior of the real interest rate in a general equilibrium multisector model with irreversible investment is examined. It is shown that in such a model purely sectoral shocks can lead to substantial variation in the real interest rate and other aggregate time series. A source of variation in aggregate time series that is not found in one-sector models is thus examined, and the implications of this source of variation for the behavior of the interest rate are highlighted. Such a model seems to better capture the relationship among the real interest and output or investment than the standard one-sector stochastic growth model. It is also shown that, because of a desire to smooth consumption, with irreversible investment a rise in uncertainty concerning the future return to capital tends to lead to more current investment and a lower real interest rate.
Do Drug-Dependent Patients Attending Alcoholics Anonymous Rather than Narcotics Anonymous Do As Well? A Prospective, Lagged, Matching Analysis

Aims: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the most prevalent 12-step mutual-help organization (MHO), yet debate has persisted clinically regarding whether patients whose primary substance is not alcohol should be referred to AA. Narcotics Anonymous (NA) was created as a more specific fit to enhance recovery from drug addiction; however, compared with AA, NA meetings are not as ubiquitous. Little is known about the effects of a mismatch between individuals' primary substance and MHOs, and whether any incongruence might result in a lower likelihood of continuation and benefit. More research would inform clinical recommendations. Method: Young adults ( N = 279, M age 20.4, SD 1.6, 27% female; 95% White) in a treatment effectiveness study completed assessments at intake, and 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. A matching variable was created for ‘primary drug’ patients (i.e. those reporting cannabis, opiates or stimulants as primary substance; n = 198/279), reflecting the proportion of total 12-step meetings attended that were AA. Hierarchical linear models (HLMs) tested this variable's effects on future 12-step participation and percent days abstinent (PDA). Results: The majority of meetings attended by both alcohol and drug patients was AA. Drug patients attending proportionately more AA than NA meetings (i.e. mismatched) were no different than those who were better matched to NA with respect to future 12-step participation or PDA. Conclusion: Drug patients may be at no greater risk of discontinuation or diminished recovery benefit from participation in AA relative to NA. Findings may boost clinical confidence in making AA referrals for drug patients when NA is less available.
Evidence of confounding by smoking of associations between radiation and lung cancer mortality among workers at the Savannah River Site

Background This study investigates confounding by cigarette smoking of associations between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lung cancer mortality among workers at the Savannah River Site (SRS). Methods Thirteen thousand two hundred sixty-five white males hired at SRS between 1950 and 1986 were followed through 2002 to ascertain causes of death. Estimates of radiation doses from external sources and internal tritium uptakes were derived from dosimetry records. Logistic regression methods were used to derive discrete-time estimates of rate ratios. An indirect approach to control for unmeasured confounding by smoking was employed that involves joint modeling of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality. Results Prior to indirect adjustment for smoking, there was minimal evidence of association between lung cancer mortality and cumulative radiation dose under a 10-year lag assumption (RR at 100 mSv = 0.90; 90% CI: 0.80–1.01). Subsequent to indirect adjustment for smoking, the association between lung cancer mortality and cumulative radiation dose under a 10-year lag was positive (RR at 100 mSv = 1.33; 90% CI: 1.01–1.77). Conclusions In this cohort, there is evidence of negative confounding of radiation dose–lung cancer mortality associations by cigarette smoking. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:421–427, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Grangeat-type half-scan algorithm for cone-beam CT

Modern CT and micro-CT scanners are rapidly moving from fan-beam toward cone-beam geometry. Half-scan CT algorithms are advantageous in terms of temporal resolution, and widely used in fan-beam and cone-beam geometry. While existing half-scan algorithms for cone-beam CT are in the Feldkamp framework, in this paper we compensate missing data explicitly in the Grangeat framework, and formulate a half-scan algorithm in the circular scanning case. The half-scan spans 180 degrees plus two cone angles that guarantee sufficient data for reconstruction of the midplane defined by the source trajectory. The smooth half-scan weighting functions are designed for the suppression of data inconsistency. Numerical simulation results are reported for verification of our formulas and programs. This Grangeat-type half-scan algorithm produces excellent image quality, without off-mid-plane artifacts associated with Feldkamp-type half-scan algorithms. The Grangeat-type half-scan algorithm seems promising for quantitative and dynamic biomedical applications of CT and micro-CT.
Integration of a Clinical Community Pharmacist Position: Emphasis on Workflow Design

ABSTRACT Objective To design and implement a scope of practice for a clinical pharmacist position and assess the clinical and economic impact of a Diabetes Medication Management Program in a community pharmacy setting. Setting Independent community pharmacy in an urban area. Practice Description Standard dispensing and consultative services and durable medical equipment supplies and services were offered in the pharmacy. Approximately 260 prescriptions were dispensed per 10-hour workday. Practice Innovation Pharmacy workflow was redesigned with workstations in which each position was occupied at all times by pharmacy technicians or pharmacists. Clinical pharmacy interventions were delivered while normal dispensing processes continued. Interventions A Clinical Community Pharmacist provided education and counseling to patients newly diagnosed with diabetes as well as services to patients with other chronic diseases. Results During the first 6 months of the project, 221 clinical interventions weremade; 16 patients with diabetes (who had received 67 of the interventions) were enrolled in a medication management program. Conclusion A Clinical Community Pharmacist in an urban setting can deliver clinical services during the normal dispensing process using an efficient workflow design.
The New Perspective on Organizational Wrongdoing

Wrongdoing in and by organizations offends public sensibilities, is costly to organizations, and is injurious to the individuals who perpetrate it and are victimized by it. The dominant perspective on organizational wrongdoing considers it to be an abnormal phenomenon; behavior that is rare, clearly aberrant, perpetrated by people who are abhorrent (who possess outsized preference structures or perverse values), and produced by a narrow range of out of whack organizational arrangements (most frequently, misaligned incentives or perverse cultures). However, new emerging theory and research on organizational wrongdoing present a fundamentally different perspective. It views wrongdoing as a normal phenomenon; behavior that is prevalent, not much different than rightdoing, perpetrated by people who are for the most part upstanding (otherwise ethical, socially responsible, and law abiding), and is a function of a plethora of structures, processes, and mechanisms that are integral to the efficient and effective functioning of organizations. This new way of approaching wrongdoing has important implications for managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Food Web Structure and Basal Resource Utilization along a Tropical Island Stream Continuum, Puerto Rico

Tropical stream food webs are thought to be based primarily on terrestrial resources (leaf litter) in small forested headwater streams and algal resources in larger, wider streams. In tropical island streams, the dominant consumers are often omnivorous freshwater shrimps that consume algae, leaf litter, insects, and other shrimps. We used stable isotope analysis to examine (1) the relative importance of terrestrial and algal-based food resources to shrimps and other consumers and determine (2) if the relative importance of these food resources changed along the stream continuum. We examined δ15N and δ13C signatures of leaves, algae, macrophytes, biofilm, insects, snails, fishes, and shrimps at three sites (300, 90, and 10 m elev.) along the Rio Espiritu Santo, which drains the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico. Isotope signatures of basal resources were distinct at all sites. Results of two-source δ13C mixing models suggest that shrimps relied more on algal-based carbon resources than terrestrially derived resources at all three sites along the continuum. This study supports other recent findings in tropical streams, demonstrating that algal-based resources are very important to stream consumers, even in small forested headwater streams. This study also demonstrates the importance of doing assimilation-based analysis (i.e., stable isotope or trophic basis of production) when studying food webs.
Glomerular adaptations with normal aging and with long-term converting enzyme inhibition in rats

Normal aging is accompanied by renal functional and structural deterioration. To examine the hemodynamic and growth-related mechanisms of age-associated nephron loss, as well as the potential beneficial effects of antihypertensive therapy, studies were performed in normal aging Munich-Wistar rats, and in rats receiving long-term antihypertensive therapy with the converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) enalapril. In protocol 1, rats were treated from the age of 3 mo. Compared with young rats, untreated old rats studied at 2.5 yr of age exhibited normal blood pressure but increased glomerular capillary pressure due to a reduction in afferent arteriolar resistance. Glomerular size increased proportionately to changes in body weight, while kidney weight increased to a lesser degree. Albuminuria rose significantly after 10 mo of age and was accompanied by development of modest, but significant, glomerular sclerosis. CEI therapy from the age of 3 mo lowered systemic and glomerular capillary pressures, did not affect glomerular size, and significantly ameliorated development of albuminuria and structural injury. In protocol 2, untreated rats were compared with a treated group in which enalapril therapy was delayed until the age of 1 yr, when albuminuria was already rising. Subsequent increases in albuminuria and development of sclerosis were significantly attenuated, although not entirely prevented. These findings suggest that hemodynamic maladaptations may contribute to age-related loss of renal function in the rat and that antihypertensive therapy may serve to delay this process.
Thermal Models/Temperature Distributions

Thermal models of hyperthermia treatments can be used for four distinct applications: comparative analysis of heating methods on generic patients and tumors, individualized patient treatment planning, feedback control during treatments, and retrospective analysis of patient treatments. These four applications--labeled comparative, prospective, concurrent, and retroospective thermal dosimetry (l,2-all have slightly differing needs and goals, but all rely on some model of the thermal processes in tissues. To date, all such applications (the majority of which have been essentially comparative thermal dosimetry studies) have almost all relied on the bioheat transfer equation which was originally developed by Pennes (3), $$ - \nabla \text{K}\nabla \text{T} + \text{Wc}_b (\text{T} - \text{T}_a ) + \rho \text{c}_p \frac{{\partial \text{T}}} {{\partial \text{t}}} = \text{Qm} + \text{Qp} $$ (1) Here K (W/M-°C) is the tissue thermal conductivity; T (°C) is the local tissue temperature; W (Kg/M3-S) is the local tissue blood perfusion; cb (J/Kg -°C) is the blood specific heat; Ta (°C) is the arterial blood temperature ; ρ (Kg/M) is the tissue density; c p (J/Kg-°C) is the tissue specific heat; t (S) is time; Qm (W/M3) is the local metabolism, and Qp (W/M3) is the local power deposition rate (note that Qp = ρ SAR). This equation has the standard conduction, storage, and power deposition terms one would utilize in simulating a static phantom heating, plus the additional metabolic term and the linear blood perfusion term introduced by Pennes to account for blood flow effects.
The City as the Nexus Model: Bridging the State, Market, Societal, and Geospatial Contexts

Abstract Cities serve as nexus, they connect and are shaped by politico-governmental (State), market-economic (Market), civil-societal (Societal), and geographic-natural (Geo-spatial) activities and/or events occurring at all spatial tiers. As a result, a thorough understanding of urban development outcomes requires a trans-disciplinary, integrated approach that draws upon multiple, even sometimes competing, scholarly paradigms. In the spirit of this, this article introduces The City as the Nexus Model, a new perspective for analyzing urban and regional development trajectories, which incorporates the ideas of Agglomeration, Urban Regime, World/Global City, and Nested City Theories, among others. By drawing upon the central themes of these sometimes competing perspectives, this new model shows how a combination of State, Market, Societal, and Geospatial factors uniquely shape economic and spatial outcomes in the world's city-regions. Most importantly, the article/new model provides scholars, practitioners, and students with a new trans-disciplinary framework to utilize in their own empirically-based studies of city-regions.
Militarism, Environment and Women’s Health

Militarism contributes to intergenerational injustice. It destroys the environment, depletes our natural resources and destroys human kind. Militarism, through environmental destruction, contributes to the violation of some basic rights including the right to healthcare. This paper goes from the assumption that whenever human health is affected, women suffer more. This is because they are biologically more vulnerable than men and also because of their household and child bearing responsibilities.
WIDIT in TREC 2008 Blog Track: Leveraging Multiple Sources of Opinion Evidence.

Indiana University‟s WIDIT Lab 1 participated in the Blog track‟s opinion task and the polarity subtask, where we combined multiple opinion detection methods to leverage a variety of complementary evidences rather than trying to optimize the utilization of a single source of evidence. To address the weakness of our past topical retrieval strategy, which generated mediocre baseline results with short queries (i.e., title only queries), we explored Web-based query expansion (WebX) methods to increase the initial retrieval performance for the short query. Our WebX methods consisted of the Google module, which harvests expansion terms from Google search results using various term selection methods, and Wikipedia module, which extracts noun phrases and related terms from Wikipedia articles and Wikipedia thesaurus. Web-expanded queries were combined using ad-hoc heuristics based on observation, trial and error, and some basic assumptions regarding quality of individual WebX methods. For opinion detection, we leveraged the complementary opinion evidences of Opinion Lexicon (e.g., suck, cool), Opinion Collocation (e.g., I believe, to me), and Opinion Morphology (e.g., sooooo, metacool) in the form of semi-automatically constructed opinion lexicons. In creating the opinion lexicons, we extracted terms from external sources (e.g., IMDb movie reviews and plot summaries) as well as the blog collection. Opinion lexicons were utilized by opinion scoring modules to compute opinion scores of documents, and the combined opinion score in conjunction with the on-topic retrieval score was used to boost the ranks of opinionated documents. To optimize the fusion formula for combining opinion and polarity scores, WIDIT used the “Dynamic Tuning Interface”, an interactive system optimization mechanism that displays the effects of tuning parameter changes in real time so as to guide its user towards the discovery of a system optimization state.
Yeast-based high-throughput screen identifies Plasmodium falciparum equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 inhibitors that kill malaria parasites.

Equilibrative transporters are potential drug targets; however, most functional assays involve radioactive substrate uptake that is unsuitable for high-throughput screens (HTS). We developed a robust yeast-based growth assay that is potentially applicable to many equilibrative transporters. As proof of principle, we applied our approach to Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfENT1). PfENT1 inhibitors might serve as novel antimalarial drugs since PfENT1-mediated purine import is essential for parasite proliferation. To identify PfENT1 inhibitors, we screened 64 560 compounds and identified 171 by their ability to rescue the growth of PfENT1-expressing fui1Δ yeast in the presence of a cytotoxic PfENT1 substrate, 5-fluorouridine (5-FUrd). In secondary assays, nine of the highest activity compounds inhibited PfENT1-dependent growth of a purine auxotrophic yeast strain with adenosine as the sole purine source (IC50 0.2–2 μM). These nine compounds completely b...
Fingolimod-associated PML in a patient with prior immunosuppression

Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, was the first oral disease-modifying drug approved for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).1 Fingolimod decreases multiple sclerosis disease activity through a presumed mechanism of sequestration of lymphocytes in lymph nodes, thereby reducing circulating lymphocytes available for entry into the CNS. Its lymphopenic effect has raised concern for predisposition to opportunistic infections.2 Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a new warning on labeling for fingolimod following reports of 2 cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with fingolimod therapy.3
Effects of Ronnel on Growth, Endocrine Function and Blood Measurements in Steers and Rats

Four feeding trials were conducted to determine (1) how the organophosphate ronnel affects thyroid and adrenal circulating hormone levels and blood profile measurements of beef steers and (2) whether the effects of ronnel observed in beef steers could be produced in growing rats. In trial 1, four groups of eight steers each were given either no ronnel or 4 mg ronnel/kg body weight daily in diets fed at either limited (1.8% of body weight) or ad libitum intake. After 7 weeks, intake levels, but not ronnel treatments, were reversed during a 1-week transition period, and feeding was continued for another 7 weeks. In trial 2, four groups of six steers each were given 0, 44, 88 or 176 ppm ronnel premixed in diets fed ad libitum for 18 weeks. Actual ronnel intakes averaged 0, 1.01, 2.12 and 4.73 mg/kg body weight daily in trial 2. In trials 3 and 4 , growth and intake were measured in 64 and 32 growing Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively, fed levels of ronnel ranging from 0 to 100 ppm in the diet. In trial 3, blood plasma was analyzed at various times for triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), cholesterol and total lipid content. In trial 1, the concentration of Plasma T4 was 1.31 times higher in steers fed ronnel that in control steers. In trial 2, plasma T4 was 1.30 times higher in steers fed 176 ppm ronnel, the level that improved growth, than in steers fed the lower ronnel levels. Circulating levels of T3, cortisol and aldosterone were similar for both control and ronnel-fed steers. Serum cholesterol concentrations were consistently higher in ronnel-fed steers. The data indicated that the growth-promoting effect of ronnel in steers may be associated with a shift in thyroid function. Effects of ronnel in steers were not observed in rats, demonstrating a species difference between steers and rats.
Pituitary Responsiveness of Mares Challenged with GnRH at Various Stages of the Transition into the Breeding Season

Four groups of mares, representing anestrus (AN; n -- 8), early transition (ET; n = 7), late transition (LT; n = 8) and estrus (EST; n -- 12) were used to examine release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after a bolus injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) during the transition from anestrus into the breeding season. Estrous mares received GnRH on d 2 or 3 of estrus in the cycle immediately preceding slaughter. Anestrous, ET and LT mares received GnRH exactly 1 wk prior to slaughter. A single injection of GnRH (Sigma LHRH, L-0507, 2.0 tzg/kg body weight in .9% saline, iv) was given to each mare. Blood sampies were collected at - 2, h, - 1 h, directly prior to GnRH, then 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360, 420 and 480 min post-injection. Maximum release of LH and FSH was observed within 30 rain after injection of GnRH. Except for the LH response in EST mares, concentrations of both hormones had returned to pre-injection baseline levels within 8 h. Group means for area under the curve (AUC) of concentrations of LH in serum, and the maximum amount (MAX) of LH quantified in serum, post-GnRH, increased (P<.05) progressively from AN to the breeding season. The AUC and MAX responses for FSH showed a reverse pattern, decreasing (P<.05) from AN to the breeding season. Coefficients of correlation for the linear regression of AUC with gonadotropin concentrations in the anterior pituitary were high for LH (r = .72) and low for FSH (r = .22). From these results it appears that, in the mare, release of LH in response to an injection of GnRH during the transition into the breeding season is a direct function of the concentration of LH present in the anterior pituitary gland. In contrast, concentrations of FSH in the anterior pituitary do not change from AN to the breeding season; however,' GnRH-induced release of FSH decreases as the breeding season approaches, suggesting that regulation of FSH secretion during this
A Morgagni hernia with an absent ductus venosus: An unusual case causing unusual consequences

Abstract A Morgagni hernia is a rare form of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), comprising only 3–5% of all CDH cases. Agenesis of the ductus venosus with direct umbilical vein blood flow to the heart is a relatively uncommon finding that is often fatal in utero. We present a case of a 2-month-old infant with Morgagni hernia and absence of the ductus venosus. These combined defects led to neovascularization of the liver, severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. In this report, we describe a Morgagni hernia that's presentation resembled that of a Bochdalek hernia likely because of concomitant absence of the ductus venosus causing severe pulmonary hypertension.
Karma and Liberation

Our discussion of the law of karma would be incomplete without consideration of the relation of the law of karma to human liberation. Our current existence, governed by the law of karma, must be transcended into something higher. The goal of life is liberation from the misery and suffering which accompany the cycle of rebirths. This can only occur when we have exhausted our accumulated karma and have terminated that with which we are afflicted: ignorance (which takes the non-eternal, impure, painful and not-self to be eternal, pure, pleasurable and the self), egoism, attachment to pleasure, aversion to pain, and love of life.1 Termination of these occurs by removing ignorance2 (attaining knowledge of ourselves in regard to our true nature and knowledge of the causes of birth, becoming, grasping, craving, feeling, consciousness3), attaining freedom from desires, cravings, and passions, and eliminating egoism and self-concern. Karma, then, is not the final word, only the preliminary word, the word characterizing conscious existence apart from or prior to final liberation. What more can be said about the relation of the law of karma to liberation? The answer to this will occupy our attention in this chapter.
Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Treatment Failure Rates in TODAY.

OBJECTIVE The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study demonstrated that glycemic failure rates in the three treatments combined—metformin plus rosiglitazone, metformin alone, and metformin plus lifestyle—were higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHB; 52.8%) versus non-Hispanic whites (NHW; 36.6%) and Hispanics (H; 45.0%). Moreover, metformin alone was less effective in NHB versus NHW versus H youth. This study describes treatment-associated changes in adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function over time among the three racial/ethnic groups to understand potential mechanism(s) responsible for this racial/ethnic disparity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS TODAY participants underwent periodic oral glucose tolerance tests to determine insulin sensitivity, C-peptide index, and oral disposition index (oDI), with measurements of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA). RESULTS At baseline NHB had significantly lower HMWA than NHW and H and exhibited a significantly smaller increase (17.3% vs. 33.7% vs. 29.9%, respectively) during the first 6 months overall. Increases in HMWA were associated with reductions in glycemic failure in the three racial/ethnic groups combined (hazard ratio 0.61, P CONCLUSIONS HMWA is a reliable biomarker of treatment response in youth with type 2 diabetes. The diminutive treatment-associated increase in HMWA in NHB (∼50% lower) compared with NHW and H may explain the observed racial/ethnic disparity with higher therapeutic failure rates in NHB in TODAY.
Discovering Relevant Hashtags for Health Concepts: A Case Study of Twitter

Hashtags are useful in many applications, such as tweet classification, clustering, searching, indexing and social network analysis. This study seeks to recommend relevant Twitter hashtags for health-related keywords based on distributed language representations, generated by the state-of-the-art Deep Learning technology. The word embeddings are built from billions of tweet words without supervision. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of applying distributed language representations to recommending hashtags for keywords. The experiment showed that this approach outperformed the baseline approach that is based on keyword and hashtag co-occurrence in tweets.
Penile Allotransplantation for Complex Genitourinary Reconstruction

Purpose: Reconstruction of complex functional structures is increasingly being performed with vascularized composite allotransplantation. Penile transplantation is a novel vascularized composite allotransplantation treatment option for severe penile tissue loss and disfigurement. Three allogeneic human penile transplantations have been reported. We review these cases as well as penile transplant indications, preclinical models and immunosuppression therapy.Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review for the years 1970 to 2016 via MEDLINE®, PubMed® and Google with the key words “penis transplantation,” “penile rejection,” “penile replantation,” “penile tissue loss” and “penis vascularized composite allotransplantation.” Relevant articles, including original research, reviews and nonscientific press reports, were selected based on contents, and a review of this literature was generated.Results: Three human allogeneic penile transplantations have been performed to date, of which 1 w...
Trabecular cells express receptors that bind TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2: a qualitative and quantitative characterization.

PURPOSE To quantitate the receptors for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 on trabecular cells in culture and to determine the relative affinities of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 for these receptors. METHODS We quantitated the receptors for TGF-beta 1 by Scatchard analysis of radioligand binding of 125I-TGF-beta 1 to cultured porcine trabecular cells. We established the relative affinities of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 for the receptors by competitive binding of 125I-TGF-beta 1 with increasing concentrations of the unlabeled TGF-beta 1 or TGF-beta 2. We also investigated the binding of 125I-TGF-beta 1 after pre-treatment of trabecular cells with heparinase. RESULTS Trabecular cells expressed approximately 4,000 high-affinity receptors per cell for TGF-beta 1, with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 15.8 +/- 7.6 pmol/l. By varying the concentrations of the unlabeled growth factors, we determined that the relative affinities of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 for the receptors were 16 pmol/l and 50 pmol/l, respectively. Heparinase treatment of the trabecular cells did not change the binding affinity of the receptor for 125I-TGF-beta 1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that trabecular cells express heparinase-insensitive TGF-beta receptors that have an approximately threefold greater affinity for TGF-beta 1 than for TGF-beta 2. Based on the present investigation, together with our previous data on the molecular weights of the binding sites, we conclude that trabecular cells do possess types II and III receptors but not type I receptors.
Pediatric pancreas transplantation, including total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation

Unlike other solid-organ transplants, whole pancreas transplantation in children is relatively rare, and it occurs more frequently in the context of multivisceral or composite organ transplantation. Because children only infrequently suffer severe sequelae of type 1 diabetes mellitus, pancreas transplantation is rarely indicated in the pediatric population. More commonly, pediatric pancreas transplant occurs in the setting of incapacitating acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis, specifically islet autotransplantation after total pancreatectomy. In this clinical scenario, total pancreatectomy removes the nidus of chronic pain and debilitation, while autologous islet transplantation aims to preserve endocrine function. The published experiences with pediatric total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) in children has demonstrated excellent outcomes including liberation from chronic opioid use, as well as improved mental and physical quality of life with good glycemic control. Given the complexity of the operation, risk of postoperative complication, and long-term physiologic changes, appropriate patient selection and comprehensive multidisciplinary care teams are critical to ensuring optimal outcomes.
Successful salvage chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation of an acute myeloid leukemia patient with disseminated Fusarium solani infection.

Abstract Disseminated Fusarium infection is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have an extended duration of neutropenia during intensive induction chemotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). There is no consensus regarding management of invasive disseminated Fusarium infections in the setting of prolonged neutropenia (Tortorano et al., 2014) [1]. We report a case of disseminated Fusarium in a patient with relapsed AML who underwent successful chemotherapy and haplo-identical allogeneic SCT with administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte infusions.
The Spectrum of Family Caregiving for Adults and Elders with Chronic Illness, edited by Louis D. Burgio, Joseph E. Gaugler, and Michelle M. Hilgeman

The purpose of The Spectrum of Family Caregiving for Adults and Elders with Chronic Illness is to provide an overview of research on caregiving and interventions for older adults with chronic disea...
Double gravitational wave mergers

In this paper we study the dynamical outcome in which black hole (BH) binary-single interactions lead to two successive gravitational wave (GW) mergers; a scenario we refer to as a `double GW merger'. The first GW merger happens during the three-body interaction through a two-body GW capture, where the second GW merger is between the BH formed in the first GW merger and the remaining bound single BH. We estimate the probability for observing both GW mergers, and for observing only the second merger that we refer to as a `prompt second-generation (2G) merger'. We find that the probability for observing both GW mergers is only notable for co-planar interactions with low GW kicks ($\lesssim 10^{1}-10^{2}$ kms$^{-1}$), which suggests that double GW mergers can be used to probe environments facilitating such interactions. For isotropic encounters, such as the one found in globular clusters, the probability for prompt 2G mergers to form is only at the percent level, suggesting that second-generation mergers are most likely to be between BHs which have swapped partners at least once.
Consistency and Variation in School-Level Youth Sports Traumatic Brain Injury Policy Content.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the consistency and variation in content of high school written traumatic brain injury (TBI) policies in relation to the three key tenets of youth sports TBI laws. Methods A content analysis was conducted on written TBI policies retrieved from 71 high schools currently participating in High School Reporting Information Online. Each policy was independently analyzed by two trained coders. The number and percent of the policies reflecting the three key tenets of state youth sports TBI laws were described and compared on policy enforcement (i.e., strictness of language), policy description (i.e., details and definitions of the requirements), and policy implementation steps (i.e., specific steps for implementing the requirements). Direct quotes were identified to support quantitative findings. Results All 71 high school TBI policies contained at least two of the three main TBI law tenets, where 98.6% (n = 70) included the return to play tenet, 83.1% (n = 59) included the removal from play tenet, and 59.2% (n = 42) specified the distribution of TBI information sheets to student-athletes and their parents. Nearly half of the policies (49.3%, n = 35) required parents' signature while only 39.4% (n = 28) required students' signature on the TBI information sheet. The language exhibited wide variance across the 71 TBI policies regarding policy enforcement, policy description, and policy implementation specifications. Conclusions All 71 TBI policies covered at least two of the three youth sports TBI law tenets, but with considerable variation. Future research should assess variations by schools within the same state and their impact on TBI rates in school athletics.
Monitoring Patients With Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators Using Mobile Phone Electrocardiogram: Case Study.

Background: Preventable poor health outcomes associated with atrial fibrillation continue to make early detection a priority. A one-lead mobile electrocardiogram (mECG) device given to patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) allowed users to receive real-time ECG readings in 30 seconds. Objective: Three cases were selected from an institutional review board-approved clinical trial aimed at assessing mECG device usage and satisfaction, patient engagement, quality of life (QoL), and cardiac anxiety. These three specific cases were selected to examine a variety of possible patient presentations and user experiences. Methods: Three ICD patients with mobile phones who were being seen in an adult device clinic were asked to participate. The participants chosen represented individuals with varying degrees of reported education and patient engagement. Participants were instructed to use the mECG device at least once per day for 30 days. Positive ECGs for atrial fibrillation were evaluated in clinic. At follow-up, information was collected regarding their frequency of use of the mECG device and three psychological outcomes in the domains of patient engagement, QoL, and cardiac anxiety. Results: Each patient used the technology approximately daily or every other day as prescribed. At the 30-day follow-up, usage reports indicated an average of 32 readings per month per participant. At 90-day follow-up, usage reports indicated an average of 34 readings per month per participant. Two of the three participants self-reported a significant improvement in their physical QoL from baseline to completion, while simultaneously self-reporting a significant decrease in their mental QoL. All three participants reported high levels of device acceptance and technology satisfaction. Conclusions: This case study demonstrates that ICD patients with varying degrees of education and patient engagement were relatively active in their use of mECGs. All three participants using the mECG technology reported high technology satisfaction and device acceptance. High sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of mECG technology may allow routine atrial fibrillation screening at lower costs, in addition to improving patient outcomes. [JMIR Cardio 2018;2(1):e5]
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS assay for tenofovir and tenofovir alafenamide in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

Abstract A liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of tenofovir and tenofovir alafenamide concentrations in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Tenofovir and tenofovir alafenamide were extracted from matrix by solid phase extraction. The dried extraction eluents were dissolved in water for LC–MS/MS analysis. Separation was achieved with a Phenomenex Synergi 4 μm Polar-RP 80A column (50 × 2 mm) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The total run time was 5 min. Detection of analytes was achieved using electrospray ionization (positive mode) and triple quadrupole selected reaction monitoring. Standard curve concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 500 ng/mL for the plasma assay and 0.1–50 ng/mL for the cerebrospinal fluid assay. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were less than 12% in low, medium, and high quality control samples for both matrices. The validated methods were applied to the analysis of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid samples of a patient undergoing tenofovir therapy which involved the switch from Stribild® (elvitegravir 150 mg/cobicistat 150 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) to Genvoya® (elvitegravir 150 mg/cobicistat 150 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/tenofovir alafenamide 10 mg).
Erroneous Beliefs About Research Held by Staff Nurses

BACKGROUND Experiences in working with nurses conducting research in clinical settings have uncovered a number of beliefs that may create unnecessary obstacles and limit research efforts. This article discusses these beliefs and provides examples. METHOD Although this article was not conceptualized as a research study, the information was gleaned through working with nurses on a day-to-day basis as a researcher. RESULTS Eleven beliefs were identified and discussed. CONCLUSION These beliefs have implications for nurses who are attempting to conduct clinical research. The intent of the article is to educate nurses regarding the philosophy of science and research methods in this context.
Presence of hCG-like Material in the Preimplantation Rabbit Blastocyst

That the blastocyst and the uterus exchange information prior to implantation is suggested by the greater increase in secretion of progesterone in pregnant than in pseudopregnant rabbits on Days 4 to 6 and by the secondary rise of CG-LH-like material in the serum of pregnant rabbits on Days 3 and 4 postcoitum (Singh and Adams, 1978; Varma et al., 1979). The maintenance of the corpus luteum of pregnancy in the presence of blastocysts in the oviduct and after transplantation of the blastocyst under the kidney capsule in the rabbit suggests that the blastocyst may be the source of luteotropic stimuli prior to implantation (Zielmaker and Verhamme, 1978). Dickmann and Dey (1974) suggested that steroidogenesis in the rabbit blastocyst may be activated by a gonadotropic material of blastocyst origin.
Modular Verification of DNA Strand Displacement Networks via Serializability Analysis

DNA strand displacement gates can be used to emulate arbitrary chemical reactions, and a number of different schemes have been proposed to achieve this. Here we develop modular correctness proofs for strand displacement encodings of chemical reaction networks and show how they may be applied to two-domain strand displacement systems. Our notion of correctness is serializability of interleaved reaction encodings, and we infer this global property from the properties of the gates that encode the individual chemical reactions. This allows correctness to be inferred for arbitrary systems constructed using these components, and we illustrate this by applying our results to a two-domain implementation of a well-known approximate majority voting system.