cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reevaluating Structures for Mixed Crystals of Simple Isomorphous Salts, BaxPb1-x(NO3)2

Abstract Structures for mixed crystals of simple isomorphous salts, Ba(NO 3 ) 2 and Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , were reinvestigated by X-ray diffraction. Contrary to previous reports, Ba x Pb 1- x (NO 3 ) 2 is not cubic. Uniaxial crystallites are aligned along axes normal to each {111} face. The crystals suffer from a hierarchy of twinnings. Within each of these growth sectors, an obverse/reverse twinning of the parent cell is directed by the growing faces making one body diagonal unique. The selective expression of degenerate twinnings leads to symmetry reduction. Preferential exclusion of Pb 2+ from special positions also contributes to the symmetry reduction. The best structure conformed to space group R 3. We address forgotten anomalies, first observed almost 150 years ago, which could have been a sufficient basis for earlier structural reinvestigations. The structures speak to the general nonapplicability of the Law of Isomorphism to solid solutions, and the limitations of Vegard's Rule as a predictor of mixed crystal structure.
Specific binding by EcoRV endonuclease to its DNA recognition site GATATC.

Abstract Restriction endonuclease EcoRV has been reported to be unable to distinguish its specific DNA site, GATATC, from non-specific DNA sites in the absence of the catalytic cofactor Mg2+, and thus to exercise sequence specificity solely in the catalytic step. In contrast, we show here that under appropriate conditions of pH and salt concentration, specific complexes with oligonucleotides containing the GATATC site can be detected by either filter-binding or gel-retardation. Equilibrium binding constants (KA) are easily measured by both direct equilibrium and equilibrium-competition methods. The preference for “specific” over “non-specific” binding at pH 7 in the absence of divalent cations is about 1000-fold (per mole of oligonucleotide) or 12,000-fold (per mole of binding sites). Ethylation-interference footprinting shows that the “specific” complex includes strong contacts to the phosphate groups GpApTpApTC. Specific DNA binding is strongly pH-dependent, decreasing about 15-fold for each increase of one pH unit above pH 6, but non-specific binding is not; thus, binding specificity decreases with increasing pH. Gel retardation and filter-binding at pH ⩽ 7 yield essentially identical values of KA for specific-site binding, but at pH > 7 gel retardation significantly underestimates KA. Specific-site binding is stimulated about 700-fold by Ca2+ (not a cofactor for cleavage), but with non-cleavable 3′-phosphorothiolate and 4′-thiodeoxyribose derivatives whose response to Ca2+ is similar to that of the parent oligonucleotide, Mg2+ stimulates binding only fourfold and twofold, respectively. Thus, binding specificity is not dramatically enhanced by Mg2+. Taking into account discrimination in binding and in the first-order rate constant for phosphodiester bond scission, the overall discrimination exercised against the incorrect site GTTATC is about 107-fold. EcoRV endonuclease is thus not a “new paradigm” for site-specific interaction without binding specificity, but like other type II restriction endonucleases achieves sequence specificity by discriminating both in DNA binding and in catalysis.
Supporting planning to co-locate public facilities: A case study from Loudoun County, Virginia

Abstract Co-locating public facilities is an example of a local government policy with perceived benefits in terms of resource savings, increased efficiency and synergy of services, and enhanced sense of community. Such benefits may be especially critical for local governments that are experiencing rapid population growth. This research is designed to support planning to co-locate public facilities in Loudoun County, Virginia; a rapidly-growing county in the northern Virginia suburbs of the Washington, DC metropolitan area. The goal of the research is to undertake a retrospective cost-benefit analysis for a co-located elementary school and library. Results highlight the dramatic savings in land acquisition costs that co-locating public facilities can provide. Further research to more accurately estimate the social costs and benefits of co-locating public facilities is needed to make its widespread adoption more feasible.
Nitric oxide release from a single cell measured in situ by a porphyrinic-based microsensor

NITRIC oxide is an important bioregulatory molecule, being responsible, for example, for activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)1–4. Acute hypertension5, diabetes6, ischaemia7and atherosclerosis8 are associated with abnormalities of EDRF. Nitric oxide is thought to be a retrograde messenger in the central nervous system9. The technology is not yet available for rapid detection of NO released by a single cell in the presence of oxygen and/or nitrite, so the release, distribution and reactivity of endogenous NO in biological systems cannot be analysed. Here we describe a porphyrinic microsensor that we have developed and applied to monitoring NO release in a microsystem. We selectively measured in situ the NO released from a single cell with a response time of less than 10 ms. The microsensor consists of p-type semiconducting polymeric porphyrin and a cationic exchanger (Nation) deposited on a thermally sharpened carbon fibre with a tip diameter of ∼0.5 (μm. The microsensor, which can be operated in either the amperometric or voltammetric mode, is characterized by a linear response up to 300 μM and a detection limit of 10 nM. Nitric oxide at the level of 10−20 mols can be detected in a single cell.
Capillary electrophoretic separation of weak base enantiomers using the single-isomer heptakis-(2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-β-cyclodextrin as resolving agent and methanol as background electrolyte solvent

The sodium salt of the single-isomer, heptakis-(2,3-dimethyl-6-sulfato)-beta-cyclodextrin (HDMS-betaCD) was used as resolving agent in the capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation of weak base enantiomers in pure methanol background electrolytes (BEs). According to the requirements of the charged resolving agent migration model of CE enantiomer separations (CHARM model), a high buffer-capacity, low pH methanolic BE was created from 25 mM phosphoric acid and 12.5 mM NaOH. In this BE, the solubility of HDMS-betaCD was as high as 50 mM, permitting the realization of very high separation selectivities and short separation times for the fully protonated weak base enantiomers.
Group vs individual equity judgments: Is there a polarization effect?

Abstract Two-hundred male undergraduates, individually and in groups of five, divided a fixed reward between two performers with unequal inputs under conditions in which they either expected or did not expect future interaction with recipients. Individuals who anticipated future interaction with recipients divided the reward equally, while groups divided the reward equitably. When interaction was not expected, individuals divided the reward equitably by discriminating between recipients, while groups made more extreme discriminations (the group polarization effect). Experiencing group discussions made individuals more confident in the fairness of their subsequent allocations. The results are discussed in terms of the social and informational influences of groups on allocation decisions.
Seismoelectric Experimental Data And Modeling In Porous Layer Models At Ultrasonic Frequencies

When seismic waves propagate through a fluid saturated sedimentary rock, the motion of the pore fluid relative to the solid matrix causes relative flow. A fluid electrolyte in contact with a solid forms an electric double layer. The diffuse distribution of mobile cations can move when the fluid moves. The seismic wave motion which generates the relative flow also induces a ‘streaming’ electrical current due to the cation motion. This induced streaming current acts as a current source in Maxwell’s equations. Therefore, when seismic waves travel through fluid saturated sedimentary materials, current systems are set up in the material inducing non-radiating fields. But when the seismic waves hit a contrast in electrical and or mechanical properties the current systems on both sides form a complex dynamic current system across the interface generating electromagnetic waves. In this paper we model this conversion behavior and compare the modeled results against laboratory measurements. Conversions generated by both S and P wave transducers are measured and compared against theoretical results.
‘Coordinative definition’ and Reichenbach's semantic framework: A reassessment

L'A. etudie l'approche semantique des theories scientifiques dans la «Philosophie des Raum-Zeit Lehre» de H. Reichenbach. La conception semantique des mathematiques consiste en un projet de modelisation logique du monde reel qui comprend trois moments. La notion de definition coordinatrice des concepts et des choses reelles, developpee par H. Reichenbach, represente la specification du premier moment, c'est-a-dire l'assignation de la reference physique aux elements d'une structure mathematique
Abstract LB-145: Astrocytes directly influence tumor cell invasion and metastasis in vivo

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Brain metastasis is a defining component of tumor pathophysiology, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not well understood. Current dogma is that tumor cells stimulate and activate astrocytes, and this mutual relationship is critical for tumor cell sustenance in the brain. Here, we provide evidence that primary rat neonatal and adult astrocytes secrete factors that proactively induced human lung and breast tumor cell invasion and metastasis capabilities. Among which, tumor invasion factors namely matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were partly responsible for the astrocyte media-induced tumor cell invasion. Inhibiting MMPs reduced the ability of tumor cell to migrate and invade in vitro. Further, injection of astrocyte media-conditioned breast cancer cells in mice showed increased invasive activity to the brain and other distant sites. More importantly, blocking the preconditioned tumor cells with broad spectrum MMP inhibitor decreased the invasion and metastasis of the tumor cells, in particular to the brain in vivo. Collectively, our data implicate astrocyte-derived MMP-2 and MMP-9 as critical players that facilitate tumor cell migration and invasion leading to brain metastasis. Citation Format: Ling Wang, Stephanie Cossette, Kevin Rarick, Jill Gershan, Michael Michael, David Harder, Ramani Ramchandran. Astrocytes directly influence tumor cell invasion and metastasis in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-145
Distributed supercomputing using ACTS

One of NASA's research and development satellite communications projects is the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) program. Applications utilizing high speed networks will be developed using satellite links. One such application is a distributed coupled global climate model. Climate models to study phenomena such as El Nino have been extremely useful in developing predictions and understanding global climate change. The high cost of running extended simulations necessary to substantiate theories can be reduced by using a network of supercomputers. A coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been implemented on a network of three Cray supercomputers.
High strength kiloampere Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox cables for high-field magnet applications

Multifilamentary Ag-sheathed Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) wire can carry sufficient critical current density Jc for the development of powerful superconducting magnets. However, the range of its applications is limited by the low mechanical strength of the Ag/Bi-2212 strand. A potential solution is to cable Ag/Bi-2212 wire with high-strength materials that are compatible with the Bi-2212 heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere. Past attempts have not always been successful, because the high-strength materials reacted with Bi-2212 wires, significantly reducing their Jc. We examined the nature of reactions occurring when Ag/Bi-2212 wires are heat-treated in direct contact with several commonly used high-strength alloys and a new Fe-Cr-Al alloy. INCONEL X750 and INCONEL 600 resulted in significant Jc loss, whereas Ni80-Cr caused little or no Jc loss; however, all of them formed chromium oxide that subsequently reacted with silver, creating cracks in the silver sheath. We found that Fe-Cr-Al did not show significant reactions with Ag/Bi-2212 strands. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDS) examinations revealed that the Fe-Cr-Al alloy benefits from the formation of a uniform, crack-free, continuous alumina layer on its surface that does not react with Ag and that helps minimize the Cu loss found with INCONEL X750 and INCONEL 600. We fabricated prototype 6-around-1 cables with six Bi-2212 strands twisted and transposed around an Fe-Cr-Al alloy core coated with TiO2. After standard 1 bar melt processing, the cable retained 100% of the total current-carrying capability of its strands, and, after a 10 bar overpressure processing, the cable reached a total current of 1025 A at 4.2 K and 10 T. Tensile tests showed that Fe-Cr-Al becomes brittle after being cooled to 4.2 K, whereas INCONEL X750 remains ductile and retains a modulus of 183 GPa. We proposed new cable designs that take advantage of the chemical compatibility of Fe-Cr-Al and high strength of INCONEL X750 for various high-field magnet applications.
Computer control of eye position and velocity

A laboratory computer system is described that permits direct control of eye position and velocity in rhesus monkeys. Using this system, we are able to measure the activity of single neurons while the eye is fixated at specific positions and while the eye is moving, at selected velocities, from one position to another. Illustrative eye movement and spike data are presented, and a brief description of the software used in this system is given.
Contribution of electron capture to 2p-vacancy production in p-Mg collisions

Experimental values for the ratio between 2p-capture and total 2p-vacancy production cross sections for 30--80-keV protons on Mg has been measured. The fraction is found to vary between 50% and 35% over this energy range and to be in near agreement with theoretical calculations. Separate cross sections for 2p capture and ionization are also derived, but are found to deviate substantially from the theoretical values.
Transition metal-based chiroptical switches for nanoscale electronics and sensors

Efficient metal-based chiroptical switches have been designed that are capable of achieving multiple stable and reversible states. Studies in this field have yielded a variety of complex molecular devices whose conformations are controllable by many triggering mechanisms including pressure, solvent, counter ion, redox state, and photoinduction. Many of the systems are monitored with precision using circular dichroism spectroscopy. This review aims to provide a brief background of the development of these systems and a comprehensive overview of recently developed metal-based chiroptical switches. Potential applications in electronics and sensor technologies are discussed.
Computer Upgrade in the IUCF Control System

After 15 years of service and nine years of beam operation, the second generation Xerox Data Systems Sigma-2 computer has been replaced by a fourth generation Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-11/44 computer. Since all readout and control functions are performed via computer in the IUCF control system, this replacement affects all aspects of cyclotron operation. Whereas both hardware and software development may start from scratch because the old and new computers are of completely different architectures, the long history of cyclotron operation imposes some very strong constraints, particularly in the man-machine interface. Major design considerations and implementation features are outlined, along with operational experience to date.
Planar curve analysis of three-channel auditory brain stem response: a preliminary report

Recording of auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were made in guinea pigs by means of far-field computer averaging from three orthogonal electrode pairs. The 'Y' locations were mouth and nuchal ridge, 'X' locations left and right mastoids, and 'Z' locations vertex and throat. Three-dimensional models were constructed to plot simultaneous points from the three averages in a voltage-voltage-voltage space. In all five animals tested, at least three subsets of sequential data points lie in separate planes. The data points in each plane roughly correspond to waves I to III in the guinea pig ABR as recorded from the vertex-throat electrode pair. The planarity of data points is a new observation and is not predicted from the single-channel recordings. Three-dimensional planes are also found by means of vectorcardiography, which suggests some underlying principle, such as synchrony and homogeneity of anatomical position of the generators. Planar analysis of ABRs may be useful in analyzing and utilizing the additional information obtainable from 'non-standard' electrode pairs.
Comparison of resonance ionization mass spectrometry systems for the determination of 135Cs/137Cs isotope ratios

The performance of the Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been compared to a similar system at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Efficiency and selectivity measurements were performed with both systems and compared to conventional thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Determination of the 135 Cs / 137 Cs ratio was performed using single-resonance excitation 6s 2 S 1/2 (F equals 4) to 6p 2 P 3/2 (F equals 5) with an extended cavity diode laser followed by photoionization with the 488 nm line of an argon ion laser. Optical selectivity of more than 2 orders of magnitude against stable 133 Cs was attained for 135 Cs and 137 Cs for both systems with an overall selectivity of 10 9 for the PNNL system and 10 8 for the NIST system. Overall efficiencies of 2x10 -6 and 5x10 -7 were measured for the PNNL and NIST systems respectively. Measurements to determine the chronological age of a nuclear burn-up sample have been performed using both RIMS systems as well as TIMS.
Recasting maritime governance in Ghana: the neo-developmental state and the Port of Tema

In Africa, as elsewhere, ports are a telling indicator of the tenor of political power and the contests and shifting fortunes among ruling groups. Glaringly evident in the long era of imperial expansion, this is equally true in the present period of late-capitalist commercial acceleration and consolidation. With a focus on Ghana's port of Tema, a leading edge of containerised trade serving a vast swath of the West African sub-region, this essay examines the struggles between state agencies, indigenous capital, and the world's leading multinational shipping and logistics firms invested in port expansion. Rather than the predicted triumph of multinational concerns, the case of Tema reveals the persistent grip of Ghana's national port authority. Deftly capitalising on its claims over land, labour and legislation, this state body also mobilises preferential access to development assistance and financial aid. The result is a port defined by the aspirations and autonomous capacities of what may be described as a neo-developmental state. Both grounded in historical precedent and fragile in its configuration of multiplex and competing interests, Tema lays bare the complex forces at stake in the revitalisation of maritime frontiers now occurring across the African continent.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CULTURED BLADDER SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS: ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO CONTRACTILITY

Purpose:: The contractile properties of in vitro cultured bladder smooth muscle cells (SMC) are unknown. This study characterized the in vitro contractile response of human and rat bladder SMC to several pharmacological agonists known to induce in vivo contraction of intact bladder muscle.Materials and Methods:: Human and rat bladder SMC were seeded separately within attached collagen lattices. Contractility of SMC was analyzed by measuring alterations in lattice diameter after exposure and release to the following contractile agonists: carbachol (10−7 - 10−3 M), calcium-ionophore (10 μM), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) (1 μM), endothelin (0.1 μM), KCl (3.33 mM) angiotensin II (10 μM), and serotonin (100 μM). Results were recorded as a mean reduction of the lattice diameter. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis for phenotypic markers of smooth muscle cell differentiation was performed on bladder SMC cultured within collagen lattices. Human palmar fascia fibroblasts, which have been previously well chara...
Genetic divergence between morphologically and acoustically cryptic bats: novel niche partitioning or recent contact?

Molecular tools have confirmed the presence of morphologically cryptic bat species initially detected by divergent echolocation calls. Here we document the presence of two sympatric, genetically distinct populations of bats whose echolocation calls were similar in peak frequency. They differed only slightly with respect to size, skull and wing morphology, and noseleaf shape, but the individuals, all initially identified as Rhinolophus arcuatus, fell into two groups exhibiting 3–4% sequence divergence in the cytochrome b gene. The coexistence of cryptic bats with only modest echolocation and physical differences challenges our understanding of niche partitioning in rhinolophid bats and suggests the possibility that a novel mode of niche partitioning may be used. Alternatively, their distributions may have only recently intersected as a result of forest loss, especially in the lowlands.
Transient early food restriction leads to hypothalamic changes in the long-lived crowded litter female mice

Transient nutrient restriction in the 3 weeks between birth and weaning (producing “crowded litter” or CL mice) leads to a significant increase in lifespan and is associated with permanent changes in energy homeostasis, leptin, and insulin sensitivity. Here, we show this brief period of early food restriction leads to permanent modulation of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH), markedly increasing formation of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) projections to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). An additional 4 weeks of caloric restriction, after weaning, does not further intensify the formation of AgRP and POMC projections. Acute leptin stimulation of 12-month-old mice leads to a stronger increase in the levels of hypothalamic pStat3 and cFos activity in CL mice than in controls, suggesting that preweaning food restriction leads to long-lasting enhancement of leptin signaling. In contrast, FoxO1 nuclear exclusion in response to insulin is equivalent in young adult CL and control mice, suggesting that hypothalamic insulin signaling is not modulated by the crowded litter intervention. Markers of hypothalamic reactive gliosis associated with aging, such as Iba1-positive microglia and GFAP-positive astrocytes, are significantly reduced in CL mice as compared to controls at 12 and 22 months of age. Lastly, age-associated overproduction of TNF-α in microglial cells is reduced in CL mice than in age-matched controls. Together, these results suggest that transient early life nutrient deprivation leads to long-term hypothalamic changes which may contribute to the longevity of CL mice.
Once Burned, Twice Shy: How Naive Learning, Counterfactuals, and Regret Affect the Repurchase of Stocks Previously Sold

Abstract Investors' previous experiences with a stock affect their willingness to repurchase that stock. Using detailed trade data from two brokers, the authors document that investors are reluctant to repurchase stocks previously sold for a loss and stocks that have risen in price subsequent to a prior sale. The authors propose that this behavior reflects investors' emotional reactions to trading and their attempts to distance themselves from negative emotions (e.g., disappointment, regret). Investors are disappointed when they sell a stock for a loss and regret having ever purchased the stock; these negative emotions deter investors from later repurchasing stocks they sold for a loss. Having sold a stock, investors are disappointed if the stock continues to rise and regret having sold the stock in the first place; these negative emotions deter investors from repurchasing stocks that go up since being sold. Thus, investors engage in reinforcement learning by repurchasing stocks whose previous purchase re...
Extraction, territory and inequalities: gas in the Bolivian Chaco

Abstract Conflicts over extractive industry have emerged as one of the most visible and potentially explosive terrains forstruggles over distribution, territory, and inequality in the Andes. We explore these relationships in Bolivia, focusing on gas extraction in the Chaco region of the southeastern department of Tarija. We consider how the expansion of extractive industry intersects with territorializing projects of state, sub-national elites, and indigenous actors as well as with questions of inequality and inequity. We conclude that arguments over the territorial constitution of Bolivia are inevitably also arguments over gas and the contested concepts of equity underlying its governance.
Robust Visual Tracking and Vehicle Classification via Sparse Representation

In this paper, we propose a robust visual tracking method by casting tracking as a sparse approximation problem in a particle filter framework. In this framework, occlusion, noise, and other challenging issues are addressed seamlessly through a set of trivial templates. Specifically, to find the tracking target in a new frame, each target candidate is sparsely represented in the space spanned by target templates and trivial templates. The sparsity is achieved by solving an l1-regularized least-squares problem. Then, the candidate with the smallest projection error is taken as the tracking target. After that, tracking is continued using a Bayesian state inference framework. Two strategies are used to further improve the tracking performance. First, target templates are dynamically updated to capture appearance changes. Second, nonnegativity constraints are enforced to filter out clutter which negatively resembles tracking targets. We test the proposed approach on numerous sequences involving different types of challenges, including occlusion and variations in illumination, scale, and pose. The proposed approach demonstrates excellent performance in comparison with previously proposed trackers. We also extend the method for simultaneous tracking and recognition by introducing a static template set which stores target images from different classes. The recognition result at each frame is propagated to produce the final result for the whole video. The approach is validated on a vehicle tracking and classification task using outdoor infrared video sequences.
Integrating mental health into a general health care system.

To implement the proposed Clinton mental health benefit for the year 2001 requires a capacity to manage aflexible, comprehensive benefit, If fragmentation of services and discontinuity of care are to be reduced, mechanisms must be developed to coordinate services among domains-between acute and chronic care, and among public and private providers. Evidence exists that basic mental health services generally can be managed in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) with considerable cost sayings and without detrimental effects on health, but it is less clear whether this is true of services for persons with severe and persistent mental illness. Effective services for persons with severe disorders require a capacity to organize and manage services across broad medical and social areas, but anticipated costs encourage providers to narrow the scope of care they offer and to select low-risk patients. Much will depend on developing methodologies that allow providers to be reimbursed accurately in relation to ris...
Problems in applying the precautionary principle to public health.

Commentary on the editorial by Martuzzi (see page 569) In a short commentary it is hard to find room for the many positives about Martuzzi’s editorial supporting the use of the precautionary principle to achieve public health goals.1 The precautionary principle is part of the admirable re-evaluation by the European Union of the relation between individual, community, nation, region and globe in a modern world. We all need to pay respectful attention. Achieving the desired positive impacts of applying the precautionary principle to public health requires that advocates confront the following issues: The vagaries of defining the precautionary principle present obstacles to its application to public health. Martuzzi tries to help by distinguishing between prevention, which he relates to known causes, and precaution which “is more relevant for uncertain determinants, complex scenarios, suspected risk factors, unpredictable circumstances”. This distinction does not accord with longstanding core public health …
Histopathological Image Analysis Using Model-Based Intermediate Representations and Color Texture: Follicular Lymphoma Grading

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a cancer of lymph system and it is the second most common lymphoid malignancy in the western world. Currently, the risk stratification of FL relies on histological grading method, where pathologists evaluate hematoxilin and eosin (H&E) stained tissue sections under a microscope as recommended by the World Health Organization. This manual method requires intensive labor in nature. Due to the sampling bias, it also suffers from inter- and intra-reader variability and poor reproducibility. We are developing a computer-assisted system to provide quantitative assessment of FL images for more consistent evaluation of FL. In this study, we proposed a statistical framework to classify FL images based on their histological grades. We introduced model-based intermediate representation (MBIR) of cytological components that enables higher level semantic description of tissue characteristics. Moreover, we introduced a novel color-texture analysis approach that combines the MBIR with low level texture features, which capture tissue characteristics at pixel level. Experimental results on real follicular lymphoma images demonstrate that the combined feature space improved the accuracy of the system significantly. The implemented system can identify the most aggressive FL (grade III) with 98.9% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity and the overall classification accuracy of the system is 85.5%.
Implementation of a System Approach for Enhanced Supply Chain Continuity and Resiliency: A Longitudinal Study†

Researchers and practitioners frequently point to inventory as a necessary component of an effective supply chain strategy. However, an undisciplined or ineffective approach to inventory can have a detrimental impact on an organization and its entire supply chain. When making inventory decisions, firms must ensure that the selected approach “fits” the overall supply chain strategy. While such an assertion seems intuitive, there is a need for empirical validation. We seek to contribute to this important body of research by investigating the impact of improved strategic alignment of inventory on resiliency and continuity. More specifically, we investigate the impact of improved strategic fit by comparing two distinct approaches to inventory management within a service parts environment. We hypothesize that a well-aligned approach to inventory management can enhance continuity and resiliency. We test these hypotheses via a longitudinal field study involving 10 United States Air Force (USAF) locations and two years of data (approximately 650,000 inventory transactions). Results from nine test locations and one control location suggest that a well-aligned approach to inventory management is indeed effective in improving continuity and resiliency, thus enhancing service-based strategies—in this case, the USAF's ability to be mission-capable. While the results of the study are derived from the USAF, we believe the implications provide broader insight into the use of inventory as a means of realizing a strategic fit.
The Meaning of Daily Activity in Family Caregiving for the Elderly

Sixty ethnographic interviews with 15 family caregivers for frail older people living in the community were analyzed to understand the meaning of activity in caregiving. Schon's (1983) reflection-in-action framework was used to organize the data. Three goals of caregiving activity were derived: (a) getting things done, (b) achieving a sense of health and well-being for the care receiver, and (c) achieving a sense of health and well-being for the caregiver. The family caregiver was conceptualized as a lay practitioner involved in the clinical reasoning and ethical dilemmas integral to the provision of health care for the care receiver. The caregivers' judgments regarding the prioritization and attainment of goals determined the forms of caregiving activities. Implications for occupational therapy practice and the relationship between the caregiver and the professional are discussed.
An alternative approach for implementing periodic boundary conditions in the FDTD method using multiple unit cells

In a previous work, a conceptually simple method for incorporating periodic boundary conditions into the finite-difference time-domain method was introduced. That work was limited to two-dimensional problems that were periodic in a single dimension. In this work, the method is extended to the more general case of three-dimensional problems that are periodic in two dimensions. For scattering problems, the computational cost of the method is shown to depend on the direction of the incident plane wave. The method is demonstrated by calculating the reflection coefficient from a dielectric slab and by modeling two perfectly conducting, infinitesimally thin periodic structures that are complementary to each other. For the complementary structures, the results computed by this method are shown to be related through Babinet's principle.
Self-disclosure, anxiety, and health worry in unscheduled outpatients.

Differences in the ratings of importance on health and nonhealth self-disclosure questionnaires and correlations among anxiety, health worry, and self-disclosure were examined for 84 men with somatic complaints who repotted to a walk-in clinic for immediate treatment. In keeping with the appropriateness of the health situation, nonhealth items were rated significantly lower than health items, and health items about somatic complaints and treatment were rated significantly higher than items about lifestyle and personal problems and feelings. A significant positive correlation between the measures of health and nonhealth self-disclosure suggests a tendency to self-disclose similarly across topics, irrespective of the situation. Health worry was significantly correlated with state anxiety, but neither of these variables was significantly related to health or nonhealth self-disclosure.
Cache-at-relay: energy-efficient content placement for next-generation wireless relays

Uploading and downloading content have recently become one of the major reasons for the growth of Internet traffic volume. With the increasing popularity of social networking tools and their video upload/download applications, as well as the connectivity enhancements in wireless networks, it has become a second nature for mobile users to access on-demand content on-the-go. Urban hot spots, usually implemented via wireless relays, answer the bandwidth need of those users. On the other hand, the same popular contents are usually acquired by a large number of users at different times, and fetching those from the initial content source each and every time makes inefficient use of network resources. In-network caching provides a solution to this problem by bringing contents closer to the users. Although in-network caching has been previously studied from latency and transport energy minimization perspectives, energy-efficient schemes to prolong user equipment lifetime have not been considered. To address this problem, we propose the cache-at-relay CAR scheme, which utilizes wireless relays for in-network caching of popular contents with content access and caching energy minimization objectives. CAR consists of three integer linear programming models, namely, select relay, place content, and place relay, which respectively solve content access energy minimization, joint minimization of content access and caching energy, and joint minimization of content access energy and relay deployment cost problems. We have shown that place relay significantly minimizes the content access energy consumption of user equipments, while place content provides a compromise between the content access and the caching energy budgets of the network. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A frequency-selectable patch antenna of circular polarization with integrated MEMS switches

A microstrip patch antenna with integrated RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches is proposed and demonstrated to operate at dual frequencies with circular polarization. The switches are incorporated into the diagonally-fed square patch for controlling the operation frequency and a rectangular stub attached to the edge of the patch acts as the perturbation to produce the circular polarization at 6.69 GHz and 7.06 GHz.
An invisible watermarking technique for image verification

We propose a new method for invisibly watermarking high-quality color and gray-scale images. This method is intended for use in image verification applications, where one is interested in knowing whether the content of an image has been altered since some earlier time, perhaps because of the act of a malicious party. It consists of both a watermark stamping process which embeds a watermark in a source image, and a watermark extraction process which extracts a watermark from a stamped image. The extracted watermark can be used to determine whether the image has been altered. The processing used in the stamping and extraction processes is presented. We also discuss some advantages of this technique over other invisible watermarking techniques for the verification application; these include a high degree of invisibility, color preservation, ease of decoding, and a high degree of protection against retention of the watermark after unauthorized alterations.
Stickiness Potential of Individual Insect Honeydew Carbohydrates on Cotton Lint

Stickiness of cotton fiber is usually caused by honeydew deposits from phloem- feeding insects, including whiteflies and aphids. This work was conducted to determine if the specific sugars commonly...
Biorthogonal Wavelet Based Identification of Fast Linear Time-Varying Systems—Part I: System Representations12

An analytical framework is developed that permits the input-output representations of discrete-time linear time-varying (LTV) systems in terms of biorthogonal bases on compact time intervals. Using these representations, the companion paper, Part II develops computational procedures for rapid identification of fast nonsmooth LTV systems based on short data records. One of the representations proposed is also used in H. Zhao and J. Bentsman, "Block Diagram Reduction of the Interconnected Linear Time-Varying Systems in the Time Frequency Domain," " accepted for publication by Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing to form system interconnections, or wavelet networks, and develop subsystem connectibility conditions and reduction rules. Under the assumption that the inputs and the outputs of the plants considered in the present work belong to l p spaces, where p =2 or p = ∞ , their impulse responses are shown to belong to Banach spaces. Further on, by demonstrating that the set of all bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable discrete-time LTV systems is a Banach space, the system representation problem is shown to be reducible to the linear approximation problem in the Banach space setting, with the approximation errors converging to zero as the number of terms in the representation increases. Three types of LTV system representation, based on the input-side, the output-side, and the input-output transformations, are developed and the suitability of each representation for matching a particular type of the LTV system behavior is indicated.
Using tracing to direct our reasoning about distributed programs

Two principles are proposed for proving and tracing distributed programs: it is necessary to assert in proofs only what can be readily traced, and trace just what can be asserted in the proofs. A proof system and tracing strategy are described for CSP programs based on these principles, using vector time and control variables, not auxiliary variables, to represent control state, and stressing local rather than global reasoning. >
Reward abnormalities among women with full and subthreshold bulimia nervosa: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective To test the hypothesis that women with full and subthreshold bulimia nervosa show abnormal neural activation in response to food intake and anticipated food intake relative to healthy control women.
Parallelisation of hydro-environmental model for simulating marine current devices

There are many serial simulation codes in the geosciences that cannot take advantage of the computational resources commonly available today. Further, the initial design of many parallel application codes targeted relatively small-scale commodity clusters and does not take full advantage of modern cache-based, blade computing system. In this paper, we discuss the porting of a widely used hydro-environmental code, EFDC, to parallel using both the MPI and OpenMP paradigms. The objective of the research is to better elucidate the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches to further a hybrid parallelisation strategy that leverages the capabilities of both.
Positive Solutions of the Semipositone Neumann Boundary Value Problem

In this paper we consider the Neumann boundary value problem at resonance −u''(t) = f t, u(t) , 0 < t < 1, u' (0) = u' (1) = 0. We assume that the nonlinear term satisfies the inequality f(t, z) + α2z + β(t) ≥ 0, t ∈ [0, 1], z ≥ 0, where β : [0, 1] → R+, and α ≠ 0. The problem is transformed into a non-resonant positone problem and positive solutions are obtained by means of a Guo–Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem.
Sitting in Silence: Managing Aural Body Rhetoric in Public Restrooms

Proposing an enhancement to the concepts of verbal and corporeal rhetorics, this article offers the concept of aural body rhetoric, arguing that nonvocal sounds produced by the body can also provide rhetorical messages, create rhetorical challenges and prompt the conscious management of bodily sounds, particularly in panopticonic spaces (panauricons) in which the body is hidden from view. Using the urinary sounds made by transsexual men in public restrooms as an example, this article examines this space as a panauricon that creates a rhetorical challenge for these men and has prompted the dissemination of various rhetorical strategies within the community of transmen in the United States.
Concerning the subcellular distribution of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in the rat adrenal.

SummaryThe distribution of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase in the subcellular fractions of rat adrenal gland has been determined. Based on the total activity found, 55 % was in the microsomal fraction, 10% in the heavy-mitochondrial fraction, 3% in the light-mitochondrial fraction and 26% in the fraction consisting of cell-debris plus nuclei. Ninety-five percent of the total activity was recovered in the fractions. Approximately half the activity in the heavy-mitochondrial fraction could be accounted for by microsomal contamination.
National Leaders, Political Security, and the Formation of Military Coalitions

States frequently form military coalitions, and these collaborations matter a great deal for international politics, yet their origins are poorly understood. Building coalitions in international crises improves military prospects. At the same time, it requires policy concessions to compensate partners. We show that a national leader’s job security affects her willingness to make this tradeoff. First, politically insecure leaders are more willing to form coalitions than secure leaders. The former face greater incentives to accept tradeoffs in order to bolster their chances of victory and thereby improve their chances of remaining in power. Second, politically insecure leaders are also less selective in their choice of partners. Their willingness to make larger policy concessions leads them to form coalitions with states of increasingly divergent foreign policy preferences. A sample of crises from 1951-1999 provides statistical support for these arguments.
Estate Tax Complexity Illustrated by the 2010 “Voluntary” Estate Tax

Executors of 2010 estates had an unusual choice: either to file an estate tax return and possibly pay a 35% estate tax on amounts above $5 million or instead to choose to have assets pass without an estate tax but with a carryover in basis. The data are now in, and we can see that on average, executors of 2010 estates made the right decision. Thousands did choose to voluntarily file an estate tax return, but they wound up paying little or no estate tax.
Acute Kidney Injury in Premature, Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants.

The epidemiology of neonatal acute kidney injury (AKI) is not well established, partly due to lack of a consensus definition. Preterm neonates are likely especially vulnerable to AKI. We performed a retrospective review to assess the incidence of and risk factors for AKI in very low-birth-weight (VLBW), premature infants admitted to a level 4 NICU (2006–2007). AKI was classified using a standardized definition based on changes in serum creatinine (SCr). AKI incidence varied inversely with gestational age (GA): 65% (22–25 weeks), 25% (26–28 weeks), 9% (29–32 weeks) as did severity ( p
Nitric oxide participates in early events associated with NNMU-induced acute lung injury in rats.

In this study, the biochemical mechanisms by whichN-nitroso-N-methylurethane (NNMU) induces acute lung injury are examined. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration into the lungs first appears in...
Immunomagnetic Separation of Vibrio vulnificus with Antiflagellar Monoclonal Antibody

Raw oysters are primary vectors for Vibrio vulnificus infections, and a rapid detection method for V. vulnificus in raw oysters before distribution would be an indispensable tool for the seafood industry. One approach to improving the recovery and detection of V. vulnificus without sacrificing assay time is through the use of immunomagnetic separation (IMS). The aim of this study was to develop and optimize an IMS protocol using anti-H (antiflagellar) antibody for determining the level of V. vulnificus in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) suspensions and spiked oyster homogenate. Six monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice at 2-week intervals by injection of 50 μg of purified V. vulnificus ATCC 27562 flagellin. Antibodies that exhibited high anti-H titers were coated onto Cowan I Staphylococcus aureus cells and sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin G immunomagnetic beads. The two reagents were used to determine the species specificity of the selected antibodies, which positively identified and coag...