cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuroectodermal (CHIME) syndrome : an additional case with long term follow up of all reported cases

A new neuroectodermal syndrome (designated CHIME syndrome) was described in 1983 with a total of four patients reported, it is presumed to be an autosomal recessive disorder because of recurrence in sibs. The main features include ocular colobomas, congenital heart disease, early onset migratory ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation, conductive hearing loss, seizures, and typical facial features. We report a fifth child with the condition, confirming the unique nature of the condition. Long term follow up information on this patient, as well as the previously described cases, provides information regarding the outcome for these patients, which includes general good health, severe mental retardation, seizures that worsen after puberty, conductive hearing loss, and chronic migratory ichthyosiform skin rash without scarring.
Regulation of thrombospondin-1 expression in alternatively activated macrophages and adipocytes: role of cellular cross talk and omega-3 fatty acids

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression in human adipose positively correlates with body mass index and may contribute to adipose dysfunction by activating transforming growth factor-β and/or inhibiting angiogenesis. Our objective was to determine how TSP-1 is regulated in adipocytes and polarized macrophages using a coculture system and to determine whether fatty acids, including the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), regulate TSP-1 expression. Coculture of M1, M2a or M2c macrophages with adipocytes induced TSP-1 gene expression in adipocytes (from 2.4- to 4.2-fold, P 10-fold, P<.05). DHA treatment during the coculture of adipocytes and M2c macrophages potently inhibited the M2c macrophage TSP-1 mRNA level (97% inhibition, P<.05). Adipocyte coculture induced interleukin (IL)-10 expression in M2c macrophages (10.1-fold, P<.05), and this increase in IL-10 mRNA expression was almost completely blocked with DHA treatment (96% inhibition, P<.05); thus, IL-10 expression closely paralleled TSP-1 expression. Since IL-10 has been shown to regulate TSP-1 in other cell types, we reduced IL-10 expression with siRNA in the M2c cells and found that this caused TSP-1 to be reduced in response to adipocyte coculture by 60% (P<.05), suggesting that IL-10 regulates TSP-1 expression in M2c macrophages. These results suggest that supplementation with dietary ω-3 fatty acids could potentially be beneficial to adipose tissue in obesity by reducing TSP-1 and fibrosis.
Hormonal factors influencing calorigenesis.

IT IS well established that the thyroid is the gland controlling respiratory metabolism; that the thyroid in turn is controlled by a specific hormone of the anterior pituitary is equally well accepted. However, several reports have appeared which suggest that increase in metabolic rate can be obtained by pituitary extracts without thyroid mediation. Lactogenic hormone was reported to increase heat production in thyroidectomized as well as hypophysectomized birds (1). Growth hormone preparations were reported to increase the metabolic rate of thyroidectomized mammals (2, 3, 4). Evidence has been presented by Collip and his associates for a specific metabolic factor in anterior pituitary extracts other than thyrotrophic hormone (5, 6, 7). A calorigenic action from adrenocorticotrophic fractions has been reported by Astwood and others (8–14). Erythropoietically active pituitary fractions have been reported to restore the low metabolic rate of hypophysectomized and of thyroidectomized rats (15). A reexaminati...
Using tabu search to schedule activities of stochastic resource-constrained projects

Abstract In this paper, a higher level heuristic procedure “tabu search” is proposed to provide good solutions to resource-constrained, randomized activity duration project scheduling problems. Our adaptation of tabu search uses multiple tabu lists, randomized short-term memory, and multiple starting schedules as a means of search diversification. The proposed method proves to be an efficient way to find good solutions to both deterministic and stochastic problems. For the deterministic problems, most of the optimal schedules of the test projects investigated are found. Computational results are presented which establish the superiority of tabu search over the existing heuristic algorithms.
Glucuronosyl transferase from the dimorphic fungusMucor rouxii

Abstract Membrane fractions from yeast and mycelial forms ofMucor rouxii catalyzed the transfer of glucuronosyl residues from UDP-glucuronic acid to high-molecular-weight acceptors present endogenously in the fractions. The transfer proceeded without the involvement of a lipid intermediate. Addition of the exogenous acceptors mucoran or mucoric acid did not stimulate transferase activity. Enzymes from yeast and mycelial membranes had slightly different pH optima and were activated to different extents by divalent metal ions. Enzymes from mycelial and yeast fractions showed different stabilities at 28°C but had similarKm′s for UDP-glucuronic acid.
An array of no-slip tensile cracks at a bimaterial interface

Abstract The tensile strength of interdigitated bimaterial interfaces is strongly affected by the formation of multiple interfacial microcracks. Such is the case with cemented total-joint replacements where loosening and breakdown of the cancellous bone-PMMA cement interface occur by “damage” and formation of interfacial cracks. The problem of an array of interfacial cracks is addressed in this paper within the context of fracture mechanics. An analytical solution is presented for the plane-strain problem of a periodic array of no-slip interfacial cracks under uniaxial tension. A closed-form solution is readily available when the cracks are opened by constant pressure; the corresponding Mode I stress intensity factor is found to be identical to that obtained for an array of collinear Griffith cracks in a homogeneous medium. A more realistic situation involves cohesive stresses over the crack faces. Cohesive zone effects have been incorporated in the present model that allows for quantifying the reduction of the strength singularity at the crack tip, due to the pull-out resistance of cement pedicles to being forced out of mechanical interlocks at the interdigitated, bimaterial interface.
Defects in Hemopoietic Stem Cell Activity in Ikaros Mutant Mice

Here we provide evidence that the Ikaros family of DNA binding factors is critical for the activity of hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the mouse. Mice homozygous for an Ikaros null mutation display a >30-fold reduction in long-term repopulation units, whereas mice homozygous for an Ikaros dominant negative mutation have no measurable activity. The defect in HSC activity is also illustrated by the ability of wild-type marrow to repopulate unconditioned Ikaros mutants. A progressive reduction in multipotent CFU-S(14) (colony-forming unit-spleen) progenitors and the earliest erythroid-restricted precursors (BFU-E [burst-forming unit-erythroid]) is also detected in the Ikaros mutant strains consistent with the reduction in HSCs. Nonetheless, the more mature clonogenic erythroid and myeloid precursors are less affected, indicating either the action of a compensatory mechanism to provide more progeny or a negative role of Ikaros at later stages of erythromyeloid differentiation. In Ikaros mutant mice, a decrease in expression of the tyrosine kinase receptors flk-2 and c-kit is observed in the lineage-depleted c-kit(+)Sca-1(+) population that is normally enriched for HSCs and may in part contribute to the early hemopoietic phenotypes manifested in the absence of Ikaros.
PITCH MEASUREMENT BY TRACEABLE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE

A Traceable Atomic Force Microscope (TAFM) to calibrate the pitch standards is presented. The TAFM consists of an atomic force microscope, a three-axis active compensation flexure stage, two laser interferometers, an L-shape mirror, a vibration isolator, and a super-Invar metrology frame. A test specimen is laid on the same plane of laser interferometers to eliminate the Abbe-offset. The displacements of X and Y axes are taken by the laser interferometers, the Z movement is controlled by AFM cantilever and the displacement is taken by a capacitance sensor while the flexure stage moves the specimen in X and Y axes motions. A water circulator is used to control the TAFM at 20°C. Measuring results of a standard pitch sample show that this TAFM can be used for measuring of pitch standards. A pitch standard with nominal value of 292 nm was served as a test sample. The combined standard uncertainty was 1.2 nm.
The Reconstruction of Constitutional Privacy Rights and the New American State

Scholars have accorded the late nineteenth and early twentieth century a uniquely important place in the annals of American political development. During this period, the nation underwent transformations from a rural and agricultural to an urban and industrial society. Underlying these transformations was a revolution in the nature of the country's political economy, which shifted rapidly from a longstanding proprietary-competitive order to an unwonted corporate-administrative one.Martin Sklar, The Corporate Reconstruction of American Capitalism (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 3. Specifically Sklar defines “proprietary-competitive” as capitalist property and market relations in which the dominant type of enterprise was headed by an owner-manager (or owner-managers), or a direct agent thereof, and in which such enterprise was a price-taker, rather than a price-maker, price being determined by conditions of supply and demand beyond the control of the enterprise short of anticompetitive inter-firm collusion. By the new “corporate-administrative” order, he means a political economy characterized by the capitalization of . . . property in the form of negotiable securities relatively widely dispersed in ownership, a corresponding separation of ownership title and management function, and management of the enterprise by bureaucratic-administrative methods involving a division, or a specialization of managerial function, and an integration, or at least a centralization, of financial control. It is meant to designate “a process occurring not merely in a few notable firms, or in a sector of the economy . . . but pervasively, and hence involving the change in the broader economy from price-competitive to administered, or ‘oligopolistic,' markets” (Sklar, Corporate Reconstruction, 4 n.1). This transformation fundamentally altered traditional forms of work and management in the private sector, leading to the preeminence of a wage-labor system, the separation of corporate ownership from control, and the rise of bureaucratized and professionalized business management.See Robert H. Wiebe, The Search for Order, 1877–1920 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1967); Samuel P. Hays, The Response to Industrialism: 1885–1914 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957); Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1977). At the same time, a “new American state” was formed with its own analogous cadres of governing professionals, professionals who in the new administrative agencies asserted increasingly centralized control over the nation's economy and civil society.Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877–1920 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982).
Solid-State Nanopore Analysis of Small DNA Molecules as a Function of pH

In this work, we investigate the effects of pH on short (61 bp) duplex DNA translocation through solid-state nanopores. We measure dwell time and conductance blockage while varying the pH systematically over a range from 4 to 10. Our measurements indicate that the transport process is largely governed by electrophoresis (EP) and pore-analyte interactions. We find a trend in which the mean dwell times of these small DNA duplexes increase as the electrolyte pH is decreased. The relative contributions of EP and DNA interactions with the pore wall change at different rates with pH to produce the observed net effects. Our results indicate that pH conditions can be used to alter the translocation dynamics of small DNAs and may offer a route towards distinguishing small nucleic acids while retaining high signal-to-noise ratio.
Analyzing M/M/1 Queues with Perturbations in the Arrival Process

This paper investigates when the M/M/1 model can be used to predict accurately the operating characteristics of queues with arrival processes that are slightly different from the Poisson process assumed in the model. The arrival processes considered here are perturbed Poisson processes. The perturbations are deviations from the exponential distribution of the inter-arrival times or from the assumption of independence between successive inter-arrival times. An estimate is derived for the difference between the expected numbers in perturbed and M/M/1 queueing systems with the same traffic intensity. The results, for example, indicate that the M/M/1 model can predict the performance of the queue when the arrival process is perturbed by inserting a few short inter-arrival times, an occasional batch arrival or small dependencies between successive inter-arrival times. In contrast, the M/M/1 is not a good model when the arrival process is perturbed by inserting a few long inter-arrival times.
Structure of the parent taenite of the Gibeon meteorite

Abstract Study of the structure of a section of the meteorite Gibeon containing five former taenite grains and four annealing twins indicates that plastic deformation of the taenite was followed by recrystallization and grain growth.
Fallopian Tube Occlusion with Use of a Small Intestine Submucosa Device: Evaluation in a Rabbit Model

PURPOSE The present study evaluates the shortand midterm efficacy of a small intestinal submucosa (SIS) device for fallopian tube occlusion in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a pilot study, several SIS device designs were tested for positional stability (absence of migration). The design selected for further testing consisted of a center of spongy SIS surrounded by an SIS sheet and held together by a 0.006-inch wire helix with two barbs. It was delivered on the tip of a short coaxial 3-F/5-F catheter set. Using this design, bilateral transuterine fallopian tube occlusion was performed in eight New Zealand White rabbits. Follow-up consisted of plain radiography at 2 weeks and hysterosalpingography at 6 weeks ( n = 4 animals; eight tubes), 12 weeks ( n = 2 animals; four tubes), or 24 weeks ( n = 2 animals; four tubes). Thereafter, the animals were killed and the fallopian tubes were harvested for histologic evaluation. RESULTS A single device was placed successfully in each fallopian tube. Fifteen of 16 devices (94%) remained in place throughout follow-up. One device migrated into the vagina at 2-week follow-up. Hysterosalpingography of the 15 tubes with occluders in place showed occlusion in seven of seven (100%) at 6 weeks, three of four (75%) at 12 weeks, and two of four (50%) at 24 weeks. Histologic evaluation revealed luminal occlusion by reorganized SIS containing macrophages, fibrocytes, and scant foreign-body giant cells. Only a mild inflammatory reaction was observed around the tube. In the animals with recanalization at 12 and 24 weeks, new channels were found alongside the original still-occluded fallopian tube lumen. CONCLUSIONS The original lumen of the fallopian tube was effectively occluded by the SIS occluder, which was remodeled within the fallopian tubes of rabbits. Partial peripheral recanalization was observed over time.
Femoral supracondylar malunions with varus medial condyle and shortening.

Femoral supracondylar malunions associated with varus deformity of the medial femoral condyle and shortening are rare, and all techniques for treatment of this complication reported to date have limitations. A one-stage antegrade locked intramedullary nailing technique to concomitantly treat these combined disorders was performed in 19 consecutive patients. The following procedures were performed : removal of previous implants, supracondylar corrective osteotomy, one-stage lengthening on a fracture table, antegrade static locked intramedullary nail stabilization, and corticocancellous bone grafting. Seventeen patients with malunions received regular followup for a median of 2.4 years (range, 1.1-5.2 years). Sixteen malunions healed with a union rate of 94.1 % (16 patients) and a median union period of 4.5 months (range, 3-7 months). Only one nonunion associated with nail breakage occurred (5.9%; one patient) and one deep infection recurred (5.9%; one patient). Both patients recovered after appropriate treatment. All patients had improved knee alignment and function. Antegrade locked intramedullary nailing is an effective technique for one-stage treatment of combined disorders in patients with femoral supracondylar malunions. Complications can be avoided if patients and surgeons are careful during the treatment course. Protected weightbearing until fracture healing is crucial to successful treatment.
A molecular interpretation of Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars processes

Abstract Broadband Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy was used to molecularly interpret Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) relaxation processes, termed a ζ process, in a heterogeneous laminate configuration with different insulators. The ζ process is due to associated non-covalently bound dipoles that assist in charge migration where the role of the insulator is to allow subsequent discharge away from the material of interest in order for relaxation to occur. The temperature dependent dynamics were characterized in terms of the relaxation time, effective dipole moment and relative molecular associations which were extrapolated from fits of the Havriliak–Negami (HN) equation. The dynamics of the anomalous relaxation process showed a dependence on the properties of the insulator. The ζ process was activated at non phonon timescales. The effective dipole moment of the ζ process phenomenologically had an exponential dependence on temperature and a frictional resistance parameter was introduced. The relative molecular associations through inter and intra cluster interactions depended on characteristics of the insulator and material.
The Ideal Romantic Partner Personality

Most contemporary social psychological studies on inter-personal attraction have independently explored the competing concepts of similarity and complementarity. Incorporating evolutionary principles associated with assortative mating, two studies were conducted that examined individual difference preferences using the five-factor model (FFM) of human personality as assessed by the NEO-FFI. The first study (N = 104) examined the degree to which individuals showed an absolute or relative preference in an ‘‘ideal romantic partner’’ when compared to self-rated personality. The second study (N = 161) extended this by incorporating personality ratings for self, ‘‘ideal’’ romantic partner, and ‘‘actual’’ romantic partner, and perceptions of mate value for each. Overall, findings supported both evolutionary and social psychological theories of inter-personal attraction and support both relative and absolute preferences in romantic partners. Individuals sought mates that were matches of themselves to some degree (a concept that we termed aspirational positive assortative mating) but also sought mates that were somewhat higher in Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Mate Value, but lower in Neuroticism than themselves. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Buckling and postbuckling behavior of spherical caps under axisymmetric load

Clamped shallow spherical cap elastic buckling and initial postbuckling behavior under uniformly distributed load over circular region centered at apex
Mapping membrane protein structure with fluorescence

Membrane proteins regulate many cellular processes including signaling cascades, ion transport, membrane fusion, and cell-to-cell communications. Understanding the architecture and conformational fluctuations of these proteins is critical to understanding their regulation and functions. Fluorescence methods including intensity mapping, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and photo-induced electron transfer, allow for targeted measurements of domains within membrane proteins. These methods can reveal how a protein is structured and how it transitions between different conformational states. Here, I will review recent work done using fluorescence to map the structures of membrane proteins, focusing on how each of these methods can be applied to understanding the dynamic nature of individual membrane proteins and protein complexes.
Scaphohippus, A New Genus of Horse (Mammalia: Equidae) from the Barstow Formation of California

A new genus of hypsodont equid, Scaphohippus, is recognized from the Green Hills Division (Ba1), Second Division (Ba1), and Barstow Faunas (Ba2) of the medial Miocene Barstow Formation, as well as from Ba1 and Ba2 faunas in the Punchbowl Formation of California, the Tesuque Formation of New Mexico, the Pawnee Creek Formation of Colorado, and the Olcott Formation of Nebraska. The genus includes two species, Scaphohippus sumani n. sp. and Scaphohippus intermontanus n. sp. Scaphohippus is a member of the “protohippine” clade, but is differentiated from its more derived sister taxon, Protohippus, by an arc-shaped incisor battery, a shorter I3-P1 diastema, and a more rounded protocone. The upper cheek teeth of S. sumani n. sp. have an unworn crown height of 40 mm. The protocone remains isolated until as much as 60% of wear, and the enamel fossettes are more complex than those of S. intermontanus n. sp. S. intermontanus n. sp. has an unworn crown height of 48–50 mm, the protocone opens by 30% of wear, and the enamel fossettes are simpler than those of S. sumani n. sp. Phyletic analysis shows S. sumani n. sp. to be the more primitive species. Similar facial and dental characteristics reveal a likely common ancestor with Merychippus insignis. The wider geographic and temporal range of S. sumani n. sp. reported here allows for useful phyletic and biogeographic interpretations. S. sumani n. sp. and M. insignis diverged during the late Hemingfordian (He2) of the Great Plains and both taxa dispersed throughout the western United States. S. intermontanus n. sp. is only recognized from the Barstow Formation, where it was likely directly descended from S. sumani n. sp.
The indignant page: techniques of neutralization in the publications of pedophile organizations.

Abstract There is considerable consensus in this and other societies that adult sexual behavior with children is exploitative and victimizing in nature. The publications of three United States pedophile organizations that advocate adult sexual behavior with children and that are politically and socially active in attempts to decriminalize that behavior—the Rene Guyon Society, the Childhood Sensuality Circle, and the North American Man/Boy Love Association—are analyzed as to how they justify, normalize, or rationalize their practices and philosophy in light of that consensus. The framework for that analysis is the sociological concept of techniques of neutralization. Children of the future age Reading this indignant page Know that in a former time Love, Sweet Love was thought a crime.
Robust image hashing

The proliferation of digital images creates problems for managing large image databases, indexing individual images, and protecting intellectual property. This paper introduces a novel image indexing technique that may be called an image hash function. The algorithm uses randomized signal processing strategies for a non-reversible compression of images into random binary strings, and is shown to be robust against image changes due to compression, geometric distortions, and other attacks. This algorithm brings to images a direct analog of message authentication codes (MACs) from cryptography, in which a main goal is to make hash values on a set of distinct inputs pairwise independent. This minimizes the probability that two hash values collide, even, when inputs are generated by an adversary.
Ethnic variation in the prevalence of echogenic intracardiac foci and the association with Down syndrome

Objective To determine whether the prevalence of fetal echogenic intracardiac foci (EIF) differs according to maternal ethnicity. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all women undergoing second-trimester diagnostic ultrasound examination and amniocentesis at a prenatal diagnosis referral center from January 1 2000 to July 1 2003. Data were collected on the presence of EIF, gestational age at time of ultrasound scan, karyotype results, maternal age and ethnicity. Univariate and multivariate analyses of EIF, ethnicity and presence of aneuploidy were conducted. Results Among the 7480 women qualifying for the study, EIF were found in 309 (4.1%). When maternal ethnicity was subdivided into Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, Asian-American, Native American, Asian Indian, and Middle Eastern, the highest rates of EIF were found in fetuses of African-American (6.7%), Asian-American (6.9%), and Middle Eastern (8.1%) mothers compared to a rate of 3.3% in Caucasians (P < 0.001). In all ethnic groups except Hispanics, EIF was associated with an increased risk for Down syndrome (odds ratio range from 1.8 to 15.7). Conclusions African-American, Asian-American, and Middle Eastern patients are more likely than patients of other ethnicities to have a fetus with an EIF. Even controlling for ethnicity, fetuses with an EIF still have an increased risk for Down syndrome. As more data accumulate, the prevalence of EIF and its association with Down syndrome among different ethnic groups can be incorporated into patient counseling. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A basic/hydrophobic cleft of the T4 activator MotA interacts with the C‐terminus of E. coli σ70 to activate middle gene transcription

Transcriptional activation often employs a direct interaction between an activator and RNA polymerase. For activation of its middle genes, bacteriophage T4 appropriates Escherichia coli RNA polymerase through the action of two phage-encoded proteins, MotA and AsiA. Alone, AsiA inhibits transcription from a large class of host promoters by structurally remodelling region 4 of sigma(70), the primary specificity subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. MotA interacts both with sigma(70) region 4 and with a DNA element present in T4 middle promoters. AsiA-induced remodelling is proposed to make the far C-terminus of sigma(70) region 4 accessible for MotA binding. Here, NMR chemical shift analysis indicates that MotA uses a 'basic/hydrophobic' cleft to interact with the C-terminus of AsiA-remodelled sigma(70), but MotA does not interact with AsiA itself. Mutations within this cleft, at residues K3, K28 and Q76, both impair the interaction of MotA with sigma(70) region 4 and MotA-dependent activation. Furthermore, mutations at these residues greatly decrease phage viability. Most previously described activators that target sigma(70) directly use acidic residues to engage a basic surface of region 4. Our work supports accumulated evidence indicating that 'sigma appropriation' by MotA and AsiA uses a fundamentally different mechanism to activate transcription.
Anti-Yo Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration in a Man with Large Cell Cancer of the Lung

Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 1 (PCA-1), or anti-Yo, is the most frequently detected autoantibody in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). The vast majority of cases of anti-Yo PCD, however, occur in females over 60 years old and are associated with gynecologic tumors. Only 10 cases have been reported in males, and only 2 were associated with cancer of the lung. Here we describe the youngest known case of PCA-1 positive PCD in a male, whose lung tumor was undetectable even on FDG-PET.
Tracking the SSC Test Lattices

The dynamic aperture and its determination emerged from the SSC reference design study as the single most important accelerator physics issue pertinent to the SSC. Beside the fundamental need of a finite dynamic aperture for any accelerator, it was considered to be a useful criterion for the magnet selection. An aperture workshop organized in November 1984 at LBL served the purpose to identify the various aspects of the aperture question and to organize the aperture task force accordingly. It was recognized that numerical models had to play an important role and the qualifications of several tracking codes were investigated. None of the existing codes could meet all of the criteria for an ideal tracking code and substantial program development became unavoidable. It was therefore decided to begin tracking SSC test lattices, which were provided by the aperture task force's lattice group and are described in an other paper to this conference, with existing tracking programs. 6 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
William Guthrie, Enlightenment Historian

(1989). William Guthrie, Enlightenment Historian. The Historian: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 221-238.
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF A MIXED-HARDWOOD BOTTOMLAND FOREST IN THE WEST CROSS TIMBERS OF NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS

Abstract We analyzed composition and structure of a bottomland forest in north-central Texas that was a form of the sugarberry-cedar elm-pecan (Celtis laevigata variety laevigata-Ulmus crassifolia-Carya illinoinensis) forest, which is widespread in south-central North America. The forest had three layers: upper canopy of dominant trees, under canopy of shorter trees and shrubs, and herbaceous zone of native C3 grasses with annual and perennial forbs. Sugarberry and cedar elm were dominant trees with greatest density and regeneration in advanced successional stages, whereas pecan was established in earlier seral stages and persisted as a dominant with largest individual trees and less regeneration. Other important native species of trees included red mulberry (Morus rubra) and bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera). Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis) and broadleaf woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolium) were dominants of the herbaceous layer. The most common forbs were giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida variety texana) and...
The state of ambulatory surgery and perianesthesia nursing

The continued success of the ambulatory surgery environment of care has been achieved through patient, physician, and nursing staff satisfaction. The growth in this industry has been greatly influenced by advances in technology, as well as the development and administration of newer anesthetic agents. The implications delineated in this article provide an overview of what is in store for the specialty of perianesthesia nursing. Issues of competency, professional excellence, patient expectations, continuous quality improvement, research, and ethics have become part of the daily lexicon. Never before has the professional nurse been counted on for so much, and future expectations of the nurse continue to grow. To survive, the nurse needs to expand the boundaries of nursing practice as they have been defined. Nurses are the backbone of the delivery of patient care, nurses are on the front line guiding the patient through every care decision, and nurses are positioned to influence the continued evolution of ambulatory surgery and perianesthesia nursing care. © 2001 by American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses.
A single solution to the atmospheric and solar neutrino anomalies

Abstract We reconsider νe-νμ mixing as a solution for the low energy atmospheric neutrino anomaly, with δm2 in the range (0.5−1.4)× 10−2 eV2 and sin2(2θ) near 0.8, and point out that it may provide a solution to the solar neutrino problem as well. This two-family vacuum oscillation solution is the simplest viable explanation of both phenomena. We consider the theoretical and experimental implications of this scenario, and another simple scenario involving three flavor mixing, and note that the new round of neutrino experiments will test these hypotheses.
An approach towards benchmarking of fault-tolerant commercial systems

This paper presents a benchmark for dependable systems. The benchmark consists of two metrics, number of catastrophic incidents and performance degradation, which are obtained by a tool that (1) generates synthetic workloads that produce a high level of CPU, memory, and I/O activity and (2) injects CPU, memory, and I/O faults according to an injection strategy. The benchmark has been installed on two TMR-based prototype machines: TMR Prototype A and TMR Prototype B. An implementation for a third prototype, is based on a duplex architecture, is in progress. The results demonstrate the utility of the benchmark in comparing the system-level fault tolerance of these machines and in providing insight into their design. In particular the benchmark shows that Prototype B suffers fewer catastrophic incidents than Prototype A under the same workload conditions and fault injection method. However Prototype B also suffers more performance degradation in the presence of faults, which might be an important concern for time-critical applications.
Evaluation of the ShapeTape tracker for wearable, mobile interaction

We describe two engineering experiments designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Measurand's ShapeTape for wearable, mobile interaction. Our initial results suggest that the ShapeTape is not appropriate for interactions which require a high degree of accuracy. However, ShapeTape is capable of reproducing the qualitative motion the user is performing and thus could be used to support 3D gesture-based interaction.
Using assertions to help end-user programmers create dependable web macros

Web macros give web browser users ways to "program" tedious tasks, allowing those tasks to be repeated more quickly and reliably than when performed by hand. Web macros face dependability problems of their own, however: changes in websites or failure on the part of end-user programmers to anticipate possible macro behaviors can cause macros to act incorrectly, often in ways that are difficult to detect. We would like to provide at least some of the benefits of software engineering methodologies to the creators of web macros. To do this we adapt assertions to web-macro programming scenarios. While assertions are well-known to professional software engineers, our web macro assertions are unique in their focus on website evolution, are generated automatically, and encode the expectations and assumptions of a rapidly growing group of users who often have limited formal programming expertise. We have integrated our techniques for assertion generation and evaluation into a web macro tool, and performed an empirical study investigating its use. Our results show that the assertions can help web macro users detect macro failures and correct macro faults.
Arm's-length transfer pricing and national welfare

While some countries coordinate their tax policies for multinationals with their commercial trade policies, the practice is not universal. Many countries, including the United States, formulate tax policies solely to mitigate tax avoidance practices like strategic transfer pricing. In this chapter, I consider an environment in which a host country has incomplete information about a multinational's foreign operations. I show that a policy that seeks to achieve arm's-length transfer prices is consistent with broader welfare objectives when the multinational's home country adopts a commensurate-with-income standard (ruling out repatriated losses) and when the multinational prefers pre-tax operating profit over post-tax transfer price profit. This result is based on a previously unidentified externality created by the opportunity for multinationals to engage in strategic transfer pricing.
RE- UND SI-SEITEN-SELEKTIVE NITROALDOLREAKTIONEN, KATALYSIERT DURCH EIN STARRES, CHIRALES, QUARTARES AMMONIUMSALZ HOCHSTEREOSELEKTIVE SYNTHESE DES HIV -PROTEASE-INHIBITORS AMPRENAVIR (VERTEX 478)

Wahlweise Amprenavir 1 oder sein C(2)-Diastereomer lassen sich sehr einfach herstellen, wenn die Nitroaldolreaktion in Gegenwart eines der beiden Ammonium-Ionen 2 durchgefuhrt wird. Das Strukturelement 1,3-Diamino-2-hydroxypropyl von 1 liegt in vielen Peptidmimetika und HIV-Protease-Inhibitoren vor. Die hier vorgestellte neue Strategie sollte daher auch fur die direkte und stereokontrollierte Synthese solcher Verbindungen nutzlich sein.
A classical automata approach to noninterference type problems

Using classical automata theory the authors show how noninterference can be viewed as a relatively simple phenomenon. They also give direction for future work concerning probabilistic security problems using classical automata theory. >
One and Two Dimensional Data Analysis Using Bezier Functions

Bezier functions, which are Bezier curves constrained to behave like functions, are excellent for representing smooth and continuous function of high degree, over the entire range of the independent variable. They provide excellent solutions to systems of linear, nonlinear, ordinary and partial differential equations. In this paper we examine their usefulness for data approximation as a prelude to their use in solving the inverse problem. Bezier function and B-splines, which are related, have mostly been used in geometrical modeling. There are not many examples of their use in data analysis. In this paper, organized and unorganized data are used to illustrate the effectiveness of Bezier functions for data approximation, reduction, mining, transformation, and prediction. Two criteria are used for the overall data fitting process. A simple incremental strategy identifies the order of the function using the minimum of the sum of the absolute error over all data. For a given order of the function, the least squared error over all data identifies the Bezier function through a non iterative algebraic relation. The entire data can then be represented by the coefficients of the Bezier function. Alternately, the data can also be reduced to a polynomial based on a parameter varying between 0 and 1. The Bezier function is global over all of the data so that all data points, including interpolated data, have the same properties. Three important properties are explicit is using Bezier functions for data analysis. The mean of the original data and the approximate data are the same. Large orders of polynomials can be used without local distortion. The independent and dependent variables can be decoupled by the Bezier representation. The data fitting process can also filter noisy data to recover principal data behavior.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Exercise Treadmill Testing

A53-year-oldmanwithchestpainwas referred toundergoanexercise treadmill test (ETT). He reported substernal chest pain, lasting less than 5minutes, which sometimes occurred if he ranmore than 2miles. He had no other symptoms. The patient's medical history included hypertension (controlled with lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide), a low-density lipoprotein level of 155mg/dL, andahigh-density lipoprotein level of44mg/dL.Hedidnot smokeorhave familyhistoryofprematurecoronaryarterydisease(CAD).Thepatient’sphysicalexaminationresultswereunremarkable,bloodpressurewas 134/80mmHg, bodymass indexwas 26 (calculated asweight in kilogramsdivided byheight inmeters squared), and resting electrocardiogram (ECG) resultswere normal. The patient had no chest pain during ETT. Results are reported in the Table.
An Extended AE-Rich N-Terminal Trunk in Secreted Pineapple Cystatin Enhances Inhibition of Fruit Bromelain and Is Posttranslationally Removed during Ripening

Phytocystatins are potent inhibitors of cysteine proteases and have been shown to participate in senescence, seed and organ biogenesis, and plant defense. However, phytocystatins are generally poor inhibitors of the cysteine protease, bromelain, of pineapple (Ananas comosus). Here, we demonstrated that pineapple cystatin, AcCYS1, inhibited (>95%) stem and fruit bromelain. AcCYS1 is a unique cystatin in that it contains an extended N-terminal trunk (NTT) of 63 residues rich in alanine and glutamate. A signal peptide preceding the NTT is processed in vitro by microsomal membranes giving rise to a 27-kD species. AcCYS1 mRNA was present in roots and leaves but was most abundant in fruit. Using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with an AcCYS1-specific antiserum, AcCYS1 was found in the apoplasm. Immunoblot analysis identified a 27-kD protein in fruit, roots, and leaves and a 15-kD species in mature ripe fruit. Ripe fruit extracts proteolytically removed the NTT of 27-kD AcCYS1 in vitro to produce the 15-kD species. Mass spectrometry analysis was used to map the primary cleavage site immediately after a conserved critical glycine-94. The AE-rich NTT was required to inhibit fruit and stem bromelain (>95%), whereas its removal decreased inhibition to 20% (fruit) and 80% (stem) and increased the dissociation equilibrium constant by 1.8-fold as determined by surface plasmon resonance assays. We propose that proteolytic removal of the NTT results in the decrease of the inhibitory potency of AcCYS1 against fruit bromelain during fruit ripening to increase tissue proteolysis, softening, and degradation.
Capital Structure Shifts And Recession: An Empirical Investigation

This study investigates whether the 2007-2009 recession impacted the capital structures of U.S. corporations. Investigating all non-financial firms in the S&P 500 Index, the study finds that by boosting their book equity via dividend cuts and some debt reductions, firms kept book leverage unchanged.
Delineating a road-salt plume in lakebed sediments using electrical resistivity, piezometers, and seepage meters at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A

Electrical-resistivity surveys, seepage meter measurements, and drive-point piezometers have been used to characterize chloride-enriched groundwater in lakebed sediments of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A. A combination of bottom-cable and floating-cable electrical-resistivity surveys identified a conductive zone 100 ohm-m overlying resistive bedrock 1000 ohm-mbeneaththelake.Shallowpore-watersamples frompiezometersinlakebedsedimentshavechlorideconcentrations of 200‐1800 eq/liter, and lake water has a chloride concentrationof104 eq/liter.Theextentoftheplumewasestimated and mapped using resistivity and water-sample data. The plume2035 mwideandatleast3 mthickextendsnearlythe full length and width of a small inlet, overlying the top of a basin formed by the bedrock. It would not have been possible to map
Empowering the Russian Consumers in a Market Economy

As Russia moved from a command to a market economy in the early 1990s, there was a need for reform in many areas of law, including consumer protection law. At the time, there was a fear that merchants in the new economy would take advantage of their new found freedom to the detriment of consumers. This paper analyzes the Russian Consumer Law and its strengths and weaknesses compared to similar laws in the United States and Europe.
The non-aqueous titration of benzotrifuroxan (BTF)

BTF can be titrated potentiometrically as an acid with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in DMF, DMSO, acetone, pyridine, or TMG. The solvent of choice is DMF which yields the steepest titration curve and the lowest standard deviation. The equivalent weight of BTF is dependent on the solvent used, indicating a strong interaction with the solvent. In DMF the equivalent weight of BTF is 151.3, corresponding to 1.67 equivalents per mole.
Modeling of CO2 Condensation in the High Pressure Flows Using the Statistical BGK Method

In this work, we study freely expanding homogeneous condensation flow of CO2 out of the nozzle exit in the stagnation pressure range of 1 5 bars. To this end, we have developed condensation model in the statistical BGK framework, which in turn is implemented on the baseline DSMC code and can handle multi-species polyatomic gas flows. The statistical BGK method was found to be twice as fast and as accurate as DSMC in the previous work of authors for expanding flow of argon through a nozzle [Kumar, R., Titov, E. V., Levin, D. A., Gimelshein, S. F., and Gimelshein, N. E., Application of Statistical-BGK Approach to Modeling of Nozzle Flows in the Near Continuum Regime, AIAA paper 2009-1318, 2009, submitted to the AIAA Journal]. The method can be expected to be much more efficient in the present work involving multi-species polyatomic gas flow than shown in the previous work for argon gas flow. The motivation for the present work comes from an earlier work of Li et al., [Li, Z., Zhong, J., and Levin, D. A., Modeling of CO2 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Condensation Plumes, AIAA paper 2009-0265, accepted by the Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2009], in which the DSMC based condensation model was used to simulate the condensation flow of CO2. The authors of former work could not simulate high pressure (more than 3 bar stagnation pressure) condensation flows because of the huge computational cost associated with the DSMC method. In the present work, we aim to develop capability to be able to simulate high pressure condensation flows. To this end, we use newly developed BGK based condensation model to simulate high pressure condensation flow of CO2 and compare our simulation results with the experimental data obtained by Ramos et al. for different stagnation pressure cases. Numerical results are found to agree well with the experimental data for all the cases studied, validating the accuracy of BGK based condensation model in capturing the physics of condensation.
Integration Issues of an Ultra-Compact Combustor to a Jet Turbine Engine

As aircraft power requirements continue to grow, whether for electrical systems or increased thrust, improved engine efficiency must be found. An Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) is a proposed apparatus for accomplishing this task by burning in the circumferential direction as a main combustor or an Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB). In order for the UCC to be viable, it is important to study the effects of feeding the core and circumferential flows from a common gas reservoir. This research effort has developed a new UCC rig that can be configured in multiple arrangements to investigate the integration issues of a circumferential combustor into an axial jet engine for the AFIT Combustion Laboratory. Coupling the combustor required the design of a variable diffuser that can split the flow emanating from a single source typical of a compressor exit into a cavity and core flow for the UCC. Three mass flow splits of 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 were generated between the core and cavity flow to understand the resultant combustion efficiencies and temperature gains. Chemical analysis software (CHEMKIN) was applied to assist in the prediction of which flow split would produce the best results and testing of this prediction was initiated. The diffuser was designed to interface with both a clean air source of compressed air as well as a vitiated air source emanating from a small jet engine. This enabled investigations into using a UCC as either a main combustor or as an ITB. A new rig has been developed that will facilitate future endeavourers into UCC and ITB research.
Simulation of a Stationary Plasma Thruster using the Space-Time Conservation Method

The one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of a stationary plasma thruster (SPT) previously described by Morozov and Savelyev [in Reviews of Plasma Physics, Vol. 21, Consultants Bureau, New York, 2000, pp. 360-369] is solved using the space-time conservation element/solution element (CE/SE) method. The hydrodynamic model consists of three equations describing the mass conservation of ions and neutral particles and the momentum of the ions. These equations are coupled nonlinearly through source terms describing the ionization of neutrals, and a non-local term describing current through the plasma. This model is one of the simplest to produce the low-frequency oscillatory behavior (on the order of 10 kHz) known as the “breathing mode” that is observed in ground testing of SPTs. Numerical solutions to the model are challenging due to the highly coupled, nonlinear nature of the equations. The simulation outlined here was successful, but displays some of the Courant number sensitivity noted in other CE/SE simulations.