cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative systems biology of the sporulation initiation network in prokaryotes

Many years of experimental and computational molecular biology of model organisms such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae has elucidated the gene regulatory network in these organisms. Relatively little is known about gene regulation in species other than the model organisms, whether gene regulatory networks are conserved, and to what degree our knowledge based on model organisms reflects biological networks occurring in nature as a whole. In this paper, we describe a first attempt to understand the gene regulatory network in lesser-known organisms, using our knowledge of gene regulation in a well-understood model organism. Such an extrapolation is particularly valuable in the study of disease-causing infectious agents, as well as other organisms that are difficult to grow or handle in a laboratory environment. In addition, comparative systems biology can identify which parts of biological networks are poorly understood and are therefore promising venues for further experimental research. We analyze the gene regulatory network responsible for the initiation of sporulation in fourteen target organisms, using Bacillus subtilis as the model organism. Instead of focusing on individual transcription factor binding sites, we devise a scoring function that takes into account the effect of multiple transcription factors binding to the regulatory region. Whereas the core gene regulatory network appears to be conserved, the degree of conservation decreases rapidly for more remote organisms, as well as for regulatory relations in the periphery of the network. Our work shows that gene regulation is still poorly understood in species other than the model organisms.
Effects of Improvements in Interval Timing on the Mathematics Achievement of Elementary School Students

This article examines the effect of improvements in timing/rhythmicity on mathematics achievement. A total of 86 participants attending 1st through 4th grades completed pre- and posttest measures of mathematics achievement from the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement. Students in the experimental group participated in a 4-week intervention designed to improve their timing/rhythmicity by reducing latency response to a synchronized metronome beat. The intervention required, on average, 18 daily sessions of approximately 50 minutes each. The results from this nonacademic intervention indicate the experimental group’s posttest scores on the measures of mathematics were significantly higher than the nontreatment control group’s scores. This article proposes an integration of psychometric theory and contemporary information processing theory to provide a context from which to develop preliminary hypotheses to explain how a nonacademic intervention designed to improve timing/rhythmicity can demonstrate a s...
Delegating Mathematical Authority as a Means to Strive Toward Equity

In this article, the author provides insight into the pedagogical processes for delegating mathematical authority to students, through the use of specific classroom structures, as a means to strive toward equity. Employing qualitative methods, the author analyzes transcripts of classroom video, along with field notes and teacher and student interviews, collected during one semester of the participating teacher's Algebra I course. The author addresses how the teacher's practice was striving toward equity through the use of classroom structures that delegated mathematical authority to students. Analyses revealed that the teacher delegated mathematical authority through the use of student presentations, Shuffle Quizzes, and Participation Quizzes. Each instance featured was chosen to highlight a different facet of the ways in which delegating authority repositioned students as competent sense-makers.
Bridging the Gap: Taking Practical Steps Toward Managing Born-Digital Collections in Manuscript Repositories

A few years ago I attended a lecture by a well-known digital libraries researcher who, when discussing the issue of digital preservation, clicked forward to a PowerPoint slide that included Pablo Picasso’s iconic ink illustration of Don Quixote, the placement of which seemed a little too conveniently symbolic to be accidental. Regardless of the presenter’s intent, it is clear that the quest for sound and simple processes to support the management and preservation of electronic records—now often referred to as “born-digital” records—has remained a Quixotic one for many manuscripts curators and archivists, even more than two decades into . . .
The Effect of Oral Care on Intracranial Pressure in Critically Ill Adults

A major goal in the care of patients with neurological problems is to prevent or minimize episodes of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Elevations in ICP in response to nursing interventions have been acknowledged since the 1960s when ICP monitoring was first introduced in the clinical setting. Until recently, few studies have specifically examined the effect of oral care on ICP, and oral care and other hygiene measures were combined or not specified, prohibiting a direct interpretation of the influence of oral care alone on ICP. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between routine oral care interventions and the changes in ICP specifically focusing on the effect of intensity and duration of this intervention. Twenty-three patients with a clinical condition requiring ICP monitoring were enrolled over a 12-month period. Oral care provided by neuroscience intensive care nurses was observed and videotaped. Characteristics of the intervention were documented including products used, patient positioning, and duration of the intervention. A 1-5 subjective scale was used to score intensity of oral care. Wrist actigraphy data were collected from the nurses to provide an objective measure of intensity. Patient physiologic data were collected at 12-second epochs 5 minutes before, during, and 5 minutes after oral care. The mixed-effect repeated measures analysis of variance model indicated that there was a statistically significant increase in ICP in response to oral care (p = .0031). There was, however, no clinically significant effect on ICP. This study provides evidence that oral care is safe to perform in patients in the absence of preexisting elevated ICP.
Last season of innocence: the teen experience in the 1960s

Victor Brooks’ study of teen culture in the 1960s does exactly what good social historians ought to do – namely, place the reader in the time period and give them the sense of how people lived and ...
Infrared Lattice Spectra of Rare-Earth Stannate and Titanate Pyrochlores

The ir lattice spectra of six rare-earth stannates and six rare-earth pyrochlores have been recorded. A factor-group analysis has been performed on the Oh7–Fd3m space group. The analysis predicts seven F1u ir-active modes, and A1g, Eg, and 4 F2g Raman-active modes. All the 7 predicted F1u transverse optic modes have been observed. The highest-frequency band in each spectrum correlates with the unit-cell volume of the crystal; however, the stannate data appear to be anomalous with the previously reported rare-earth garnet data.
Correlates of Life Satisfaction Among Military Wives

ABSTRACT Military life includes constant change. This study explored the relationship of life satisfaction among military wives with the individual attitudinal and personality variables of perceived social support, locus of control, and temperament. Sixty wives of noncommissioned military personnel were selected as participants. Life satisfaction was found to be related to high levels of perceived social support from family and from friends, to an internal locus of control, and to low levels of emotionality–stress and emotionality–fear. The results supported the role of individual resources for mediating adjustment and enhancing life satisfaction during the changes inherent in military life. Implications for identifying and helping high-risk women emerged.
Potential distribution of citrus black spot in the United States based on climatic conditions

Citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa McAlp Van der Aa, was recently detected in southern Florida in the US. In addition to infected plant propagation materials, movement of infected citrus fruit poses a concern for potential spread of the disease out of the current quarantine zone, because lesions with pycnidia and conidia could develop after harvest. The conditions conducive for mycelial growth and development of pycnidia and conidia are not well known. Therefore, effects of temperature and relative humidity on growth and conidial production of P. citricarpa were determined and used as parameter inputs in CLIMEX to predict potential establishment of CBS in North America. Colony growth and conidial production in vitro were optimal at 27 °C, whereas there was no growth below 4 °C and above 37 °C. On fruit, lesion development and conidial production were observed at 4 °C, though at a low rate, indicating a greater versatility of the fungus on fruit. More full pycnidia were produced on the CBS lesions at 91 % RH compared to 84 %. Input parameters for CBS risk in CLIMEX obtained from literature, which reflected conditions for infection in spring/summer in Florida, predicted potential establishment in Florida but not in California. However, altering the parameter values to account for survival of the pathogen in leaf litter in winter predicted potential establishment in California as well as Florida. Thus, P. citricarpa could possibly establish beyond Florida if this organism is transported outside of the current quarantine zone to other citrus production areas.
Narrow-row seed-yield enhancement in determinate soybean.

(...) This research was conducted to determine the roles of reproductive partitioning, light interception duration (LID), and total dry matter duration (TDMD) between emergence to R5 (E-R5) and R5 to R8 on narrow-row seed-yield enhancement. Field studies were conducted using normal and late planting dates, two commercial soybean cultivars, and 100- (wide) and 50-cm (narrow) row spacings during 1987 and 1988 at Baton Rouge, LA on a Mhoon silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Fluvaquent) soil (...)
A Hybrid-FPGA System for On-Board Data Processing Targeting the MATMOS FTIR Instrument

The MATMOS Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer is one of three scientific instruments on the previously proposed MARVEL mission. MATMOS requires computationally intensive floating-point signal processing to reduce the amount of data prior to downlink. With the goal of reducing design time and the size and weight of instrument electronics, this paper presents an FTIR spectrometry implementation targeting the Xilinx Virtex-4FX hybrid-FPGA and its embedded PowerPC 405 processor. We explore different hardware and software optimizations and architectural configurations of the hybrid-FPGA system to demonstrate optimal performance in onboard data processing. By including a dedicated floating point unit and dot-product co-processor in the hardware as well as utilizing optimized single-precision math library functions and a modified IBM PowerPC performance library in the software, we demonstrate a more than 8x reduction in execution time compared to the non-optimized software only implementation. A dual-processor design concept as an enhancement that would further reduce the execution time is also presented.
Squamous cell carcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas originating from the thyroid gland.

Three cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 3 cases of mixed squamous and glandular carcinoma were reported. Pathologic differential diagnosis of these rare primary tumors of the thyroid gland were discussed. All except 1 case occurred in elderly patients; their clinical behavior was more aggressive than that of differentiated papillary or follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland and more like that of undifferentiated carcinoma. It is suggested that the tumor be treated more vigorously at its initial stage.
A strategy to enhance the binding affinity of fluorophore-aptamer pairs for RNA tagging with neomycin conjugation.

Fluorogenic sulforhodamine–neomycin conjugates have been designed and synthesized for RNA tagging. Conjugates were fluorescently activated by binding to RNA aptamers and exhibited greater than 250–400 fold enhancement in binding affinity relative to corresponding unconjugated fluorophores.
Insurance, Employee Benefits, Financial Planning: The Journal Literature

(1983). Insurance, Employee Benefits, Financial Planning: The Journal Literature. Serials Review: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 33-36.
Analysis of clustered firing patterns in synaptically coupled networks of oscillators.

Oscillators in networks may display a variety of activity patterns. This paper presents a geometric singular perturbation analysis of clustering, or alternate firing of synchronized subgroups, among synaptically coupled oscillators. We consider oscillators in two types of networks: mutually coupled, with all-to-all inhibitory connections, and globally inhibitory, with one excitatory and one inhibitory population of oscillators, each of arbitrary size. Our analysis yields existence and stability conditions for clustered states, along with formulas for the periods of such firing patterns. By using two different approaches, we derive complementary conditions, the first set stated in terms of time lengths determined by intrinsic and synaptic properties of the oscillators and their coupling and the second set stated in terms of model parameters and phase space structures directly linked to parameters. These results suggest how biological components may interact to produce the spindle sleep rhythm in thalamocortical networks.
Status-appropriate singing behavior, testosterone and androgen receptor immunolabeling in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)

Vocalizations convey information about an individual's motivational, internal, and social status. As circumstances change, individuals respond by adjusting vocal behavior accordingly. In European starlings, a male that acquires a nest site socially dominates other males and dramatically increases courtship song. Although circulating testosterone is associated with social status and vocal production it is possible that steroid receptors fine-tune status-appropriate changes in behavior. Here we explored a possible role for androgen receptors. Male starlings that acquired nest sites produced high rates of courtship song. For a subset of males this occurred even in the absence of elevated circulating testosterone. Immunolabeling for androgen receptors (ARir) was highest in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) in males with both a nest site and elevated testosterone. For HVC, ARir was higher in dominant males with high testosterone (males that sang longer songs) than dominant males with low testosterone (males that sang shorter songs). ARir in the dorsal medial portion of the nucleus intercollicularis (DM) was elevated in males with high testosterone irrespective of dominance status. Song bout length related positively to ARir in POM, HVC and DM, and testosterone concentrations related positively to ARir in POM and DM. Results suggest that the role of testosterone in vocal behavior differs across brain regions and support the hypothesis that testosterone in POM underlies motivation, testosterone in HVC relates to song quality, and testosterone in DM stimulates vocalizations. Our data also suggest that singing may influence AR independent of testosterone and that alternative androgen-independent pathways regulate status-appropriate singing behavior.
The AAR Teaching Series

The first seven volumes of the American Academy of Religion's “Teaching Religious Studies” series provide informative glimpses of how teachers in very different contexts understand the intellectual decisions, strategies, and actions that constitute their craft. Although individual volumes have different formats, the dominant image of good teaching that emerges is that it is founded on deep and sophisticated knowledge of the particular subject matter. Beyond that, many essays provide instructive anatomies of particular syllabi, moments in the classroom, or other aspects of teaching. Much of the material in the essays comes from reflective practitioners and there is relatively little sustained engagement with the contemporary literature on teaching and learning. Nonetheless, virtually any teacher can find in these volumes stimulating reflections on the intersections of substantive research and pedagogy in a variety of classroom contexts.
The lipids of the common house cricket,Acheta domesticus L. II. Hydrocarbons.

The hydrocarbons of the common house cricketAcheta domesticus L. consist ofn-alkanes (4%), 2-methylalkanes (20%), x-methylalkanes (59%), an unidentified series of alkanes (trace), and olefins (16–185). The major n-alkane isn-nonacosane (3.5%). The major 2-methylalkanes are 2-methyloctacosane (8%) and 2-methyltriacontane (11%). The members of the homologous x-methylalkane series consist of mixtures of methylalkanes in which the methyl side-chain is located on the 13th, 15th, and 17th carbon atom in the chain. The major x-methylalkanes are the homologues containing 31 (3%), 33 (6.5%), 35 (12.5%), 37 (27%), and 39 (2.5%) carbon atoms. The olefins are a mixture of straight-chain and 2-methyl-alkenes and alkadienes. The major olefins contain 31 (3%) and 37 (7.5%) carbon atoms.
Successful endoscopic management of bronchobiliary fistula due to radiofrequency ablation.

Bronchobiliary fistula is an extremely rare condition defined as a passageway between the biliary and the bronchial tracts. The pathognomonic sign is the presence of bile in the sputum (bilioptysis). The most common causes are trauma, bile duct obstruction, and liver infections [1]. Treatment is traditionally surgical repair. However, endoscopic intervention has been increasingly used, with variable success. This case is the first report of bronchobiliary fistula as a complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) that was successfully managed endoscopically.
Automation of some operations of a wind tunnel using artificial neural networks

Artificial neural networks were used successfully to sequence operations in a small, recently modernized, supersonic wind tunnel at NASA-Lewis Research Center. The neural nets generated correct estimates of shadowgraph patterns, pressure sensor readings and mach numbers for conditions occurring shortly after startup and extending to fully developed flow. Artificial neural networks were trained and tested for estimating: sensor readings from shadowgraph patterns, shadowgraph patterns from shadowgraph patterns and sensor readings from sensor readings. The 3.81 by 10 in. (0.0968 by 0.254 m) tunnel was operated with its mach 2.0 nozzle, and shadowgraph was recorded near the nozzle exit. These results support the thesis that artificial neural networks can be combined with current workstation technology to automate wind tunnel operations.
Changes in quality of life after intensive care: comparison with normal data

The Short Form 36 was used to compare critically ill patients' premorbid quality of life with normal values and investigate any changes following 6 months convalescence. One hundred and sixty-six survivors completed the Short Form 36 at discharge from intensive care. The answers given by survivors were significantly lower than normal for all dimensions. However, 21 patients who suffered from acute life-threatening conditions were identified and their overall scores were similar to normal values. After 6 months, 95 questionnaires were returned. Patients who had suffered acute pathologies reported significant decreases in quality of litre whilst other patients with pre-existing ill health reported significant improvement with reduced pain and better mental health, vitality and social function. This study suggests that quality of life of most patients admitted to intensive care is not as good as in the normal population but does not deteriorate except for those patients admitted after acute life-threatening events.
Causal modeling and dichotomous variables

In this research three conceptions of causation-probabilistic, INUS and sufficiency causation- have been explicated for dichotomous variables. We have determined that the measures of causal influence advanced by the path-analysis and structural-equation methods can, in certain situations, provide qualitative measures, but that they cannot provide quantitative measures of one variable's direct causal influence upon another.
Osteoblastoma of the temporal bone presenting as facial paralysis.

Summary Osteoblastomas of the head region are rare lesions. This paper describes a case of a 4-year-old child with an osteoblastoma of the temporal bone presenting as a facial paralysis. Only 6 previous cases have been reported and none with nerve involvement. A review of the tumor, its differential diagnosis, clinical course and management is presented.
Adsorption of Pepsin by Aluminum Hydroxide II: Pepsin Inactivation

Pepsin adsorbed on gibbsite or boehmite, non-acid-reactive forms of aluminum hydroxide, had a significantly lower activity than pepsin in solution. IR and desorbed pepsin activity studies showed that the reduced activity of adsorbed pepsin was not due to denaturation of pepsin on adsorption. Steric occlusion of the active site, following pepsin adsorption, was responsible for the lower activity of pepsin adsorbed on gibbsite. The porous morphology of boehmite caused diffusional resistance and steric exclusion, contributing to the decreased activity of adsorbed pepsin. The specific inactivation of pepsin by adsorption on aluminum hydroxide may be important in ulcer therapy.
Aspartame consumption in rats selectively bred for high versus low saccharin intake

Whereas humans use aspartame as a sugar substitute, evidence to date from rats suggests that aspartame does not taste sweet or, more generally, hedonically positive to them. The present study provided a strong test of the appetitive properties of aspartame in rats by examining consumption of aspartame and, for comparison, several sugars by two lines of rats selectively bred for high (HiS) versus low (LoS) saccharin consumption. The HiS and LoS lines differed in consumption of fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and saccharin solutions. Overall, the rats showed a weak but significant preference for aspartame. However, no line differences in aspartame consumption were observed. Thus, even among rats specifically bred on the basis of their responsiveness to sweet tastes, aspartame tastes minimally sweet or good.
Parent Perspectives on Nutrition and Physical Activity During Out-of-School Time

Abstract Objective Out-of-school time (OST) programs serve a large, diverse population of children, including those at increased obesity risk. In this study, parents' perspectives about nutrition and physical activity (PA) during OST were assessed. Design Survey. Setting Online. Participants Six hundred parents with a school-aged child participating in programs from selected OST organizations. Main Outcome Measures Parent perspectives about the importance and availability of different foods, beverages, and PA opportunities during OST, and OST program and parent involvement in promoting healthful environments. Analysis Frequencies were used to describe parents' perspectives. Wilcoxon tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for significant differences. Results Most parents reported that it was important that their children have water (96.2%), fresh fruits and vegetables (79.0%), and PA (97.2%) during OST; fewer parents reported that these were regularly available. About two thirds of parents agreed that OST programs should promote healthy environments for children, whereas one third agreed that parents alone should be responsible for children's nutrition and PA. Conclusions and Implications Results suggest that many parents would support efforts to improve OST nutrition and PA. Yet, there is a need to further understand the perceptions and motivations of different subgroups to enact successful obesity prevention efforts during OST.
Gross gods and icky atheism: Disgust responses to rejected religious beliefs☆

Abstract Disgust is an emotional response that helps to maintain and protect physical and spiritual purity by signaling contamination and motivating the restoration of personal cleanliness. In the present research we predicted that disgust may be elicited by contact with outgroup religious beliefs, as these beliefs pose a threat to spiritual purity. Two experiments tested this prediction using a repeated taste-test paradigm in which participants tasted and rated a drink before and after copying a passage from an outgroup religion. In Experiment 1, Christian participants showed increased disgust after writing a passage from the Qur'an or Richard Dawkins' The God Delusion, but not a control text. Experiment 2 replicated this effect, and also showed that contact with an ingroup religious belief (Christians copying from the Bible) did not elicit disgust. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that disgust to rejected beliefs was eliminated when participants were allowed to wash their hands after copying the passage, symbolically restoring spiritual cleanliness. Together, these results provide evidence that contact with rejected religious beliefs elicits disgust by symbolically violating spiritual purity. Implications for intergroup relations between religious groups is discussed, and the role of disgust in the protection of beliefs that hold moral value.
Optimizing Document Delivery at Simmons College Beatley Library

After receiving numerous communications from libraries dropping the Ariel document delivery system during 2010 and early 2011, the Technology & Access Services staff at Beatley Library at Simmons College decided to assess our document delivery workflows and systems environment. During the summer of 2011, the library surveyed 139 libraries on document delivery processes and performed an internal analysis of local document delivery statistics to assess external trends as well as to understand internal demands. After assessing our findings we recommended to Library Administration to prioritize document delivery systems and phase out the Ariel system at Beatley Library. This article describes the analysis, findings, and outcomes of retiring Ariel and streamlining the document delivery workflows at Beatley Library.
Analysis of correctable errors in the IBM 3380 disk file

A method of analyzing the correctable errors in disk files is presented. It allows one to infer the most probable error in the encoded-data stream given only the unencoded readback and error-correction information. This method is applied to the errors observed in seven months of operation of four IBM 3380 head-disk assemblies. It is shown that nearly all the observed errors can be explained as single-bit errors at the input to the channel decoder. About 90 percent of the errors were related to imperfections in the disk surfaces. The remaining 10 percent were mostly due to heads which were unusually susceptible to random noise-induced errors.
Managing Supply Disruptions when Sourcing from Reliable and Unreliable Suppliers

We study a manufacturer's optimal multiple-sourcing strategies when some but not all suppliers face risks of complete supply disruptions. Using an approximate model, we show that the optimal unreliable orders are ranked by a simple and intuitive criterion, and are invariant of minor market size changes. Furthermore, when ordering from one reliable and one unreliable supplier, we show that the total order quantity and its allocation between the two suppliers are independent decisions. We then test and confirm the robustness of the insights without the approximation, as well as when we relax various assumptions.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Provokes a Hypertrophic Growth Response in Adult Cardiac Myocytes

Background Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a broad range of concentration-dependent effects. The recent observation that TNF-α is expressed by the cardiac myocyte after certain forms of stress suggests that TNF-α might contribute to the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis after environmental injury. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TNF-α on protein synthesis in cultured adult cardiac myocytes. Methods and Results Cultured adult feline cardiac myocytes were stimulated with 10 to 1000 U/mL TNF-α to examine the effects of this cytokine on the rate of protein synthesis and degradation. Stimulation with TNF-α led to an accelerated rate of general protein synthesis and a time-dependent decrease in protein degradation in adult cardiac myocytes. The specificity of these findings was demonstrated by studies in which the effects of TNF-α on protein synthesis were blocked by a neutralizing anti–TNF-α antibody as well as studies in which TNF-α–co...
Effect of Bondline Thickness on Mixed-Mode Debonding of Adhesive Joints to Electroprimed Steel Surfaces

Abstract Structural applications of adhesive bonding have been increasing in recent years due to improvements in the types of adhesives available and in improved knowledge of bonding procedures. Consequently, there exists a demand for techniques to assess adhesive joint strength, particularly along bondline interfaces where compliant adhesives contact more rigid metallic surfaces. The present study investigates the mixed-mode response of cracked-lap-shear (CLS) joints bonded with unprimed and electroprimed steel adherend surfaces. Three bondline thicknesses, representative of structural automotive joints, were evaluated for unprimed and primed bondlines. Experimental results for static load versus debond extension were input to finite element analyses for computing debond parameters (strain energy release rates). The debonds always initiated at a through-the-thickness location that had the greatest peel component of strain energy release rate. The total strain energy release rate values correlated well wi...
Effects of quasiperiodic (Penrose tile) symmetry on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the wave equation

In addition to the basic crystalline and amorphous structures for solids, it is possible that solids may also form with a quasiperiodic, or Penrose tile, structure. A current problem in condensed-matter physics is to determine how this structure affects the various physical properties of a material. A fundamental question involves the consequences of quasiperiodic symmetry in the eigenvalue spectrum and eigenfunctions of a wave equation. While rigorous theorems have been derived for one-dimensional systems, there is currently no known “quasi-Bloch theorem” for two and three dimensions. To gain insight into this problem, an acoustic experiment has been used to study a two-dimensional wave system with a Penrose tile symmetry. The results show an eigenvalue spectrum containing bands and gaps with widths which are in the ratio of the Golden Mean, (√5 + 1)/2.
Improved survival among ventricular assist device recipients with a concomitant implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Background Ventricular tachyarrhythmia events (VTE) are common among refractory heart failure patients requiring ventricular assist device (VAD) support. It is unknown whether implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) detection and therapy can extend survival in the VAD population. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival experience of refractory heart failure patients requiring VAD support with and without a concomitant ICD. Methods Multivariable analysis of the Cleveland Clinic registry of consecutive patients with and without an ICD who underwent VAD placement between 1991 and 2008 using traditional and propensity-matched methods. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results Among 478 VAD recipients (age 53.5 ± 12.0 years, 80% male), 90 patients (18.8%) had an ICD at the time of VAD placement. VTE occurred in 26 patients (28.9%) at a mean of 32.4 ± 47.1 days, with appropriate treatment in 24 patients (75% initial shock, 25% successful antitachycardia pacing). A concomitant ICD during VAD support was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.55 [confidence interval 0.32–0.94]; P = .028) after adjustment for age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, VAD type, year placed, diagnosis and duration, complications, dialysis-dependent renal failure, and extended survival (median survival 295 vs. 226 days; P = .024). A propensity-matched analysis of 134 patients with and without ICD also demonstrated that a concomitant ICD was associated with lower all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.42 [confidence interval 0.19–0.95]; P = .04). Conclusion A concomitant ICD among VAD recipients is associated with extended survival.
Symptomatic hypokalemic alkalosis in hyperadrenocorticism secondary to carcinoma of the prostate

A case of hyperadrenocortirism in association with prostatic cancer is described. This rare condition was complicated further by markedly increased severity of previously controlled diabetes. Hypokalemic alkalosis, secondary to these conditions, progressed to coma mimicking intracranial pathology. The severity and complexity of these relations indicates the importance of considering cancer as a process with multiple metabolic overtones.
Influence of familiarity on shoaling behaviour in Texas and blacktail shiners

The Texas shiner Notropis amabilis and the blacktail shiner Cyprinella venusta demonstrated statistically significant preferences for the side of the tank holding their familiar shoalmates, and significantly stronger shoaling behaviour with their familiar shoalmates, than with unfamiliar fish.
Active cyber defense with denial and deception: A cyber-wargame experiment

In January 2012, MITRE performed a real-time, red team/blue team cyber-wargame experiment. This presented the opportunity to blend cyber-warfare with traditional mission planning and execution, including denial and deception tradecraft. The cyber-wargame was designed to test a dynamic network defense cyber-security platform being researched in The MITRE Corporation's Innovation Program called Blackjack, and to investigate the utility of using denial and deception to enhance the defense of information in command and control systems. The Blackjack tool failed to deny the adversary access to real information on the command and control mission system. The adversary had compromised a number of credentials without the computer network defenders' knowledge, and thereby observed both the real command and control mission system and the fake command and control mission system. However, traditional denial and deception techniques were effective in denying the adversary access to real information on the real command and control mission system, and instead provided the adversary with access to false information on a fake command and control mission system.
Electrorefining process for lunar free metal - Space and terrestrial applications and implications

An electrochemical refining process is proposed for the separation and recovery of principal and trace elements from reduced metallic particles found in lunar soils. A process variation is presented for purification and recovery of chromium and manganese from electrodeposited impure iron available from lunar silicate and other minerals. The process involves anodic dissolution of impure metal and cathodic deposition in divided cells using aqueous chloride solutions. The anolyte is withdrawn and separated using ion exchange techniques.
Detection of quantized vortex lines in superfluid helium at known pinning sites

Abstract Preliminary evidence is presented for the appearance of a singly quantized vortex line between two pinning sites axially located within a rotating capillary.
Effects of GH2/LOX velocity and momentum ratios on shear coaxial injector atomization

Introduction S HEAR coaxial injectors are currently found in liquid propellant rocket engines that use liquid oxygen and hydrogen as the propellants, such as the Space Shuttle Main engine (SSME) and the  rst stage Ariane 5 Vulcain engine. Liquid oxygen is injected into the combustion chamber through a central tube while hydrogen in a gaseous form is fed through an outside annular passage at a high velocity relative to the liquid jet. Impelled by liquid turbulence and gas-to-liquid interfacial interactions, liquid is stripped from the jet and entrained into the surrounding shear  ow where the liquid ligaments and droplets experience further breakup and atomization. The resulting spray then vaporizes and mixes with the gaseous fuel to produce a volatile mixture for combustion. There have been several previous experimental investigations to measure droplet sizes and velocities produced by shear coaxial injectorsbymeans of phaseDoppler interferometrywhere the fuel and oxidizer simulants were evaporating or combusting. Sankar et al. analyzed a GN2/LN2 spray for both a shear coaxial and quadruplet injector. The gas pressure and liquid injection post recess were varied for the shear coaxial injector.Data were presented for the mean axialvelocityandSautermean diameter for different locationsin the spray. They found no de nite relationship between the recess and atomization.However larger gas pressures, or higher gas velocities, improved atomization. Glogowski et al. examined shear coaxial sprays with both an air/water system and a GN2/LN2 system. The injector design was based on the SSME injector. They measured droplet velocity and diameter with the phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) for both air/water and GN2/LN2 . The GN2/LN2 tests looked at the effect of mixture ratio and chamber pressure past the critical pressure of nitrogen and showed improved atomizationwith lowermixture ratios. Pal et al.3 alsomodeled their injectorafter the SSME rocket injector. The paper included a comparison of PDPA data from air/water and liquid-oxygen/gaseous-hydrogenexperiments. Both tests were run with similar  ow conditionsexcept for the Reynolds andWeber numbers and the ambient pressure. The authors found that Sauter mean diameters from the hot- re experimentswere larger than those from the cold- ow experiments. The mean droplet velocity was smaller for the GH2/LOX tests than for the air/water tests. The purpose of this study was to measure LOX droplet sizes as a function of the relative velocity between the LOX and the hydrogen under combusting conditions.
Designing fish-passable riffles as gradient controls in Canadian streams

Fish-passable rock riffles are widely used to ease fish passage at road crossings and dams and to restore pool and riffle habitats in channelized streams. Pools, runs and riffles are created by breaking the uniform hydraulic gradient of channelized streams into relatively mild, shallow and steeply sloping segments. Riffle height is governed by the stage of the upstream pool required to pass the channel design flood or to backflood a fish passage structure. Riffles are mildly v-shaped to extend the flow across the channel or constrict the width to create a central torrent that will maintain a deeper downstream pool. The riffles may be closely spaced to create stepped pool channels or spread apart to divide the spacing into runs and pools typical of meandering channels. Four cases of riffle, pool and run dimensions are discussed with illustrative projects in walleye, salmon and trout streams. These projects, undertaken in the last three decades, illustrate their long-term stability and improvement in fish h...
Genome-wide linkage analysis of age at onset of alcohol dependence: a comparison between microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms

Background Using the dataset provided for Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, we performed genome-wide linkage analysis of age at onset of alcoholism to compare the utility of microsatellites and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic linkage study.
Ligatin binds phosphohexose residues on acidic hydrolases

Ligatin, a receptor that recognizes phosphorylated sugars, was isolated from plasma membranes of mouse macrophages, rat ileum, and rat brain. Several acidic hydrolases including N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) were solubilized with this receptor. The solubilized beta-NAG bound to ligatin in vitro as demonstrated by affinity chromatography using the immobilized receptor. beta-N-Acetyl D-glucosaminidase-ligatin complexes were dissociated by low concentrations of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) and/or glucose 1-phosphate (Glc 1P). The effectiveness of these two phosphomonosaccharides varied depending on the source of the enzyme: ileal beta-NAG-ligatin complexes showed a four-fold preferential dissociation with Man6P; macrophage complexes showed a 160-fold preferential dissociation with Glc 1P. Brain complexes dissociated with nearly equal preference for Man6P and Glc 1P. Heterologous complexes displayed the specificity characteristic of the source of the enzyme regardless of the source of the ligatin. Treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with endoglucosaminidase H released phosphorous-32 label from these enzymes and prevented binding of beta-NAG to ligatin. However, treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with alkaline phosphatase reduced the binding of beta-NAG to ligatin by no more than 30%. This apparent resistance of beta-NAG to dephosphorylation was consistent with the chromatographic behavior of QAE of 3H-labeled acidic oligosaccharides isolated from the solubilized hydrolases. The oligosaccharides that contain phosphorylated hexose were less acidic than phosphomonoesters and were insensitive to alkaline phosphatase until subjected to acid hydrolysis. These results suggested the presence of a phosphodiester on beta-NAG analogous to the NAC glucosamine 1 P6 mannose present on beta-glucuronidase isolated from mouse lymphoma cells (Tabas I, Kornfield, S: J Biol Chem 255: 6633, 1980).
The Pumilio RNA-Binding Domain Is Also a Translational Regulator

Abstract Posterior patterning in the Drosophila embryo requires the action of Nanos (Nos) and Pumilio (Pum), which collaborate to regulate the translation of maternal hunchback ( hb ) mRNA. Previous work demonstrated that Pum recognizes sites in the 3′ UTR of hb mRNA. In this report, we first define the RNA-binding domain of Pum and then show that residues essential for translational repression are embedded within this domain. We also show that Nos and Pum can repress cap-independent translation from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in vivo, suggesting that they act downstream of the initial steps of normal, cap-dependent translation.
Effects of malachite green on leucocyte abundance in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson).

Blood counts from more than 1000 young-of-the-year rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson), were examined to determine if static exposure to malachite green at 1·35,13·5, or 21·0 mg/1 for 25–30 min or 42·0 or 72·0 mg/1 for 5 min caused chronic leucopaenia. The major changes in fish exposed for 25–30 min came during the first 24 h. After an initial lag of 3·4 h, total leucocyte-thrombocyte counts in both treated and control fish rapidly declined. Recovery was essentially complete 1·4 days after exposure, and no leucopaenia was noted after 14 or 28 days. Thrombocytosis developed during the first 24 h in fish exposed to the higher concentrations. Lymphopaenia and neutrophilia also developed, but abated after the 4th post-treatment day. Leucocyte numbers in control and exposed groups were virtually the same by the 14th day. The total leucocyte-thrombocyte counts in fish exposed for 5 min declined after 24 h, but counts were not as depressed as those in fish exposed for 30 min. Because leucocyte changes similar to those in exposed fish were evident in the controls in both experiments, we believe that the leucocyte changes in rainbow trout exposed to malachite green were a result of a nonspecific vertebrate stress syndrome, rather than of specific leucocytotoxic effect of this chemical.
Thrust faults and the global contraction of Mercury

[1] Lobate scarps on Mercury are the surface expression of thrust faults and are generally thought to be the result of global contraction. Our analysis indicates that these thrust faults are not uniformly distributed and exhibit non-random patterns on the imaged hemisphere. The greatest area normalized cumulative length of the faults occurs in the southern hemisphere, below 50°S. The thrust faults in this region dip to the north, indicating a broad zone where the crust has been displaced to the south. Widespread thrust faulting may not have initiated before the emplacement of Calorian smooth plains, well after the emplacement of pre-Tolstojan intercrater plains. Our observations suggest that regional-scale tectonic stresses on Mercury dominated over stresses resulting from global contraction.
Dithiane Additions to Vinyl Epoxides: Steric Control over the SN2 and SN2‘ Manifolds

High chemoselectivity can be achieved in the addition of lithium dithiane anions to vinyl epoxides exploiting the steric nature of the dithiane substituent. Unencumbered dithiane anions afford SN2 adducts, whereas sterically encumbered anions lead primarily to SN2‘ adducts. Furthermore, the SN2‘ addition occurs syn to the vinyl epoxide.
Tankers, the coast guard and public policy

This paper points out that tanker safety legislation has followed the traditional reactive pattern; that is, following a series of accidents, Congress passes laws in an attempt to curtail recurrences. Unfortunately, proposed laws and regulations seldom deal with the human element which contributes 85% to the causes of accidents.
A new concept in pediatric practice: the university-affiliated group practice.

A group of general pediatricians has recently concluded an agreement with a university center to provide full-time staffing on a rotating basis. The structure and benefits of this novel relationship are described. It is hoped that this will be a model for future growth in community-university affiliations.
Thriving innovation amidst manufacturing decline: the Detroit auto cluster and the resilience of local knowledge production

Analyzing the comprehensive 35-year patent data set associated with the Detroit auto cluster we confirm that innovation in clusters can increase in spite of a long-term decline in manufacturing activity. The “stickiness” of local knowledge is sustained by: (i) increasing technological specialization at the local level and (ii) growing connectedness to global centers of excellence. The very forces that bring about the decline in manufacturing in a cluster sustain their position as a global center of innovative excellence
Fostering Confidence and Risk Taking in MA in TESOL Students via Community English Teaching

In 2011, Oklahoma City University (OCU) opened its Community English School. This school implemented a project-based curriculum that was designed to accommodate English language learners from various proficiency levels and with varying amounts of time to invest in learning a new language. The school was staffed completely by students in OCU's MA in TESOL program. This study followed the students who volunteered to work at the school to discover how their participation in this new program impacted their willingness to teach English in English, teach using nontraditional methods, and apply what they had been taught during their courses via service-learning. In addition, it explored the impact of their applications of course content and new methods on shaping their identities as professional teachers of English.