cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Origins and suppression of oscillations in a computational model of Parkinson's disease

Efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD) depends in part on post-operative programming of stimulus parameters. There is a need for a systematic approach to tuning parameters based on patient physiology. We used a physiologically realistic computational model of the basal ganglia network to investigate the emergence of a 34 Hz oscillation in the PD state and its optimal suppression with DBS. Discrete time transfer functions were fit to post-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) collected in open-loop, by simulating the pharmacological block of synaptic connections, to describe the behavior of the basal ganglia nuclei. These functions were then connected to create a mean-field model of the closed-loop system, which was analyzed to determine the origin of the emergent 34 Hz pathological oscillation. This analysis determined that the oscillation could emerge from the coupling between the globus pallidus external (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN). When coupled, the two resonate with each other in the PD state but not in the healthy state. By characterizing how this oscillation is affected by subthreshold DBS pulses, we hypothesize that it is possible to predict stimulus frequencies capable of suppressing this oscillation. To characterize the response to the stimulus, we developed a new method for estimating phase response curves (PRCs) from population data. Using the population PRC we were able to predict frequencies that enhance and suppress the 34 Hz pathological oscillation. This provides a systematic approach to tuning DBS frequencies and could enable closed-loop tuning of stimulation parameters.
Hydrogen Ingress in High-Strength Alloys Exposed to Different Electrolytes

Abstract A diffusion/trapping model for hydrogen ingress was applied to three high-strength alloys, 4340 (UNS G43400) steel, Monel K-500 (UNS N05500), and MP35N (UNS R30035), in electrolytes ranging in pH from 2.9 to 9.0. Hydrogen ingress was found to occur under interface control, although in some cases, the data were affected by corrosion or by a change in the surface film on the alloy. The apparent rate constants for hydrogen trapping (ka were self-consistent for the steel in an acetate buffer, but anomalies were observed with other electrolytes due to significant metal dissolution or film formation. In contrast, the interface control model was applicable to alloy K-500 in various electrolytes. The value of ka for alloy K-500 was independent of the electrolyte, indicating that the model adequately represents hydrogen ingress in this alloy over a range of test conditions. The interface control model can be fitted also to the data for alloy MP35N in different electrolytes, and ka was determined in each c...
Recirculation of purged flow in an adiabatic counterflow rotary dehumidifier

The average process stream outlet humidity ratio of an adiabatic counterflow dehumidifier can be lowered if a portion of the process outlet stream is purged from the bulk flow. The purged stream can be recirculated and introduced at the inlet of the regenerating period. In this paper, the performance of such a purged counterflow dehumidifier is studied. Two purge geometries that result in a spatially nonuniform inlet condition in the regenerating period are considered. Wave diagram solutions for the limiting case of infinite heat and mass transfer coefficients are used to qualitatively predict the behavior of the purged dehumidifier. A finite difference solution is used to verify the general trends of the approximate wave diagram solutions. The effect of the recirculated purge on the process stream outlet states of high performance silica gel dehumidifiers with low and high thermal capacitance matrices operated at nearly optimal rotational speeds is evaluated.
Novel Synthesis Method and NIR Fluorescence Properties of Bi-Al-Si-O Glass Layers on Si-substrates

Synthesis and spectroscopic measurements have been performed on Bi-doped glass layers on Si-substrates suitable for planar waveguide applications
Electrostriction enhancement mechanism for ferroelectric polymers

In this paper, we discuss the electrostriction enhancement mechanisms for ferroelectric polymers, including field enhancement mechanism in ferroelectric-dielectric composites, polarization enhancement mechanism and exchange coupling in ferroelectric nanocomposites, and percolation mechanism in ferroelectric-conductor composites.
Generation of high-frequency broadband electrostatic noise: The role of cold electrons

Broadband electrostatic noise (BEN) is commonly observed in the plasma sheet boundary layer in association with ion beams. The generation of these waves in a plasma consisting of an ion beam and a background of hot ions, hot electrons, and cold electrons is investigated. The cold electrons are of ionospheric origin. A complete, systematic study of electrostatic ion beam instabilities, including cold electrons, has been done, and it is shown that for the plasma configuration described, four instabilities can be excited: (1) ion acoustic, (2) Buneman, (3) beam resonant, and (4) electron acoustic instabilities. A low and high beam temperature division is shown to exist that separates when different instabilities can be excited. For typically observed parameters in the plasma sheet boundary layer, the ion beams lie in the high-temperature regime. In this regime, the beam resonant and electron acoustic instabilities are excited, and these instabilities can account for the high-frequency (higher than 500 Hz), low-power portion of the BEN spectrum. In the absence of cold electrons, no such wave growth occurs.
Computer-assisted autoradiographic localization of subtypes of serotonin1 receptors in rat brain

In vitro light microscopic receptor autoradiography was carried out to localize two subtypes of 5-HT1 receptors in certain regions of the rat central nervous system (CNS). The data were analyzed by computerized digital image processing to reveal subfields of high receptor densities within the septal area, the prefrontal and frontal cortex, and the hippocampus. The septum and hippocampus showed interesting localization of serotonin binding which can be subtyped into 5--HT1−A and 5-HT1−B sites. The differential localization of these sites may be helpful in shedding some light as to the functional significance of multiple serotonin receptors.
Radar imaging of sand waves on the continental shelf east of Cape Hatteras, NC, U.S.A.

Abstract Imaging radars, under certain environmental conditions, can provide an extensive description of shallow submarine topography. In this investigation, sand waves were observed in shallow water and under light winds, weak flow, and highly stratified conditions with an L band synthetic aperture radar and X band real aperture radar. An analysis of the radar data reveals that regularly spaced modulations seen in the imagery are a result of bathymetric forcing. These modulations appear as a group of bright linear east-west trending features approximately 5 km in length and spaced 230 m apart with observed peak modulations exceeding predicted modulations by 7 dB. Bathymetric measurements extracted from shipboard ADCP data confirm the existence of sand waves in this region. Results from the ADCP data reveal an east-west orientation of the sand wave crest with lee slopes facing north. Mean wavelengths are 230 m and the heights are roughly 2.5 m. The radar modulations lead the sand wave crest, by approximately 135 m suggesting a possible upstream hydrodynamic effect, which is consistent with an observed Froude number less than one. This study shows that bathymetric effects are observed in radar imagery at low current speed, light winds, and strong stratification, demonstrating the critical nature that topographic and stratified hydrodynamic effects have on radar image interpretation in the littoral environment.
Water use efficiency of narrow row cotton

A field experiment was conducted on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley in California to determine water use, crop growth, yield and water use efficiency of Acala (SJ-2) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown in 0.5 m spaced rows on a Panoche clay loam soil (Typic Torriorthents). Evapotranspiration was determined by water balance techniques utilizing neutron soil moisture measurements. All neutron measurements were made within a 3 m soil profile in 0.20 m increments. The measured evapotranspiration was compared to climatic estimates of potential evapotranspiration, and to calculations using a one-dimensional soil water balance model that separately computed soil water evaporation and plant transpiration. Crop growth was determined by weekly destructive plant sampling. Leaf area was determined along with dry matter components of leaves, stems, fruiting parts (flowers and squares) and bolls. Final yield was determined by machine harvesting (brush stripper) 720 m2 from each plot. Lint yields and fiber quality were determined by sample ginning and fiber analysis at the U.S. Cotton Research Station at Shafter, California. Three irrigation regimes were established that resulted in an evapotranspiration range from a high deficit condition to full irrigation at the calculated atmospheric demand.
Shallow Mesozoic layered gabbros of the Shadow Mountains, San Bernardino County, California

Abstract Jurassic hornblende gabbros intrude as a conspicuous 9 km2 arcuate complex within Paleozoic metasedimentary pendants of the Shadow Mountains, San Bernardino County, California. This complex is significant because it: (1) displays evidence of processes active in magma chambers which are crystallizing cumulus phases; (2) resembles many mid-Mesozoic plutons described in the western and central Sierra Nevada and western Mojave desert which may all be petrologically related; and (3) may be used as a diagnostic tectonic marker for Mesozoic tectonic reconstructions of the Mojave Desert and western Cordillera. The gabbroic body is unusual for its compact, near-circular plan, conspicuous banding and layering and reverse geochemical zonation. The mafic complex was intruded as a hydrous magma and was emplaced as a concentric epizonal pluton. Oxygen isotopic data indicate the melt was mantle derived but has been contaminated by assimilation of metasediments. The gabbro was likely generated by reaction of olivine with fractionated melt from the melting of a low MgO basalt under water-saturated conditions. The banding and layering is ascribed to the cyclic ascent of felsic rejected solute along the walls of the chamber and its accumulation near the roof of the complex. Cooling was facilitated by conduction and the presence of pendant rocks at uppermost levels. The Shadow Mountains gabbros resemble other gabbroic bodies of similar Jurassic age throughout the Sierra Nevada, Mojave Desert and Transverse Ranges, California (Lahren and Schweickert, 1994; Miller and Glazner, 1995). These intrusions are useful as markers of subsequent large-scale tectonic crustal displacements affecting the western Mojave Desert and Sierra Nevada. In particular, the Shadow Mountains gabbros show age, mineralogie and textural affinities with correlative gabbroic complexes in the central Sierra Nevada 400 km to the north. All these plutonic bodies may represent subvolcanic sources of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Independence dike swarm in the western Mojave Desert and eastern Sierra Nevada.
Forces Due to a Magnetic Dipole Near a Sliding Conductor: Applications to Magnetic Levitation and Bearings

A conducting body moving with respect to a magnet experiences lift and drag forces from the eddy currents induced in the conductor. The force on the conductor is dependent on the relative velocity between the conductor and the magnet. In this study, we investigate the force dependence on magnetic Reynolds number, a dimensionless indicator of velocity. The Lorentz equation is used to predict the force on the conductor, given the spatial dependence of the eddy currents and magnetic induction vector inside the conductor. Maxwell’s equations, which govern the electromagnetic quantities, are reduced to a single convection-diffusion equation for the magnetic induction vector inside the conducting body. An integral solution which satisfies the governing equation and boundary conditions is used to obtain the eddy currents and magnetic field. For our model, both lift and drag forces increase sharply with Reynolds number, reach a maximum, and decrease with increasing Reynolds number to an asymptotic limit. We also find that skin depth, the depth to which the eddy currents decay inside the conductor, decreases with increasing Reynolds number. The relevance to magnetically supported high-speed vehicles and magnetic bearings is discussed.
Fluorescence Imaging of the Heterogeneous Reduction of Oxygen

The reduction of oxygen at a variety of solid electrodes was spatially imaged using fluorescence microscopy. Hydroxide produced during electrolysis of oxygen converted the acid−base indicator, fluorescein, into its fluorescent form. Fluorescence intensity was collected as a function of potential at platinum, silver, and glassy carbon disk electrodes and tracked the faradaic current due to oxygen reduction at platinum electrodes. The ability to observe spatial variations in electron-transfer kinetics was demonstrated at a bimetallic electrode prepared from silver and platinum. Fluorescence imaging of oxygen reduction on silver electrodeposited on glassy carbon revealed the location and size of the silver deposits. Imaging of oxygen reduction at a ruthenium−graphite composite electrode demonstrated the ability to identify electrochemically active sites on a spatially complex surface.
Chemical modifications of riboflavin-binding protein: Effects on function and antigenicity

Abstract Modification of ϵ-amino groups of holo- and apo-flavoproteins was achieved by succinylation, dinitrophenylation, citraconylation and acetamidination. The lysine derivatives with altered charges exhibited significant decreases in native antigenicity and riboflavin binding. Removal of the citraconyl groups resulted in an 80% recovery of antigenicity as well as riboflavin binding. Acetamidination of lysines with the retention of net positive charge indicated that about 4 lysino residues may be involved in native antigenicity but not in riboflavin binding. Apo-flavoprotein treated with 2-nitrophenyl sulfenyl chloride (specific for tryptophan residues) was antigenically analogous to the unmodified protein but completely lost the capacity to bind riboflavin. Additional evidence for the independence of the antigenic site(s) from the riboflavin-binding site came from the fact that the apo-flavoprotein immune complex bound riboflavin and that the holo-protein was antigenic.
Teleology, function, design and the evolution of animal behaviour.

Abstract Concerns about teleological language in evolutionary biology focus on the notions of function, design and adaptation. Accounts that naturalize these ideas are currently popular. In keeping with recent developments in evolutionary theory and philosophy of biology, three naturalistic analyses of function — current utility, historical function, and functions as capacities — should be differentiated. All have roles to play in biology, although the historical conception seems the most central to evolutionary theory. While rarely distinguished from function, design should be regarded as an extension of historical function. We consider the utility of this distinction for the study of behaviour.
Creationism, Evolution and the Courts.

gress from making laws respecting the establishment of religion or restricting the free exercise of religious beliefs. The language employed is enigmatic, reflecting the delicate balance that the Constitution seeks to strike among the individual, the state and religion. The mosaic of religious groups in colonial America and the concern by the Founders to protect their religious freedom was "one of the forces that ultimately led to the adoption of a secular Constitution that included specific mention of free exercise and disestablishment" (Pfeffer, 1977: 13). As the branch of government whose responsibility it is to decide the constitutionality of federal and state laws that challenge the relationship between religion and the state, the judiciary is faced with the unenviable task of adjudicating disputes that fall within the language of the First Amendment. Since the 1940s, when it first began applying the religion clauses to the states, the Court has ruled on the constitutionality of prayer and Bible reading in public schools, government assistance to parochial schools as well as general issues of what the state may legitimately demand from an individual without impinging on the free exercise of his or her religious beliefs. The aim of the Court has been to strike a balance between respect for the role of religion in American public life while prohibiting state preference for any religious faith. It is hardly surprising, then, that the fruits of its labors have been greeted with less than unanimous satisfaction from the competing interests of religious and non-religious groups. To expect anything more would be to discount the complex question of what limits the Constitution places on religion as a moral and educational component in our public and social order. Public school systems have often been the battleground for the most controversial cases involving religion and state. While these cases now most often involve prayer or government assistance to parochial schools, the first great debate involving religious instruction in the public schools-the teaching of creationism or evolution as the basis for the origins of man-has returned to the courts albeit in a more sophisticated form. This essay addresses the impact that the new wave of "creationism-evolution" cases recently decided in the federal courts have had on the place of religion in the public schools. Specifically, we look
The Cold War and American Domestic Problems

possible to prevent honest disagreement among social scientists reflecting differences in interpretations and emphasis, it is nonetheless important to minimize the possibility of the presentation of conflicting testimony by equally competent scientists concerning the available facts. Professional organizations among social scientists now have the obligation to set up some kind of machinery which will prevent social scientists from being haunted by the same spectacle which has long bedeviled the field of psychiatry-two or more psychiatrists offering with equal certainty contradictory testimony concerning the sanity of a given defendent. If social scientists assume the
Rapid Segmental and Subdomain Motions of DNA Polymerase β

Abstract DNA polymerase (pol) β is a two-domain DNA repair enzyme that undergoes structural transitions upon binding substrates. Crystallographic structures indicate that these transitions include movement of the amino-terminal 8-kDa lyase domain relative to the 31-kDa polymerase domain. Additionally, a polymerase subdomain moves toward the nucleotide-binding pocket after nucleotide binding, resulting in critical contacts between α-helix N and the nascent base pair. Kinetic and structural characterization of pol β has suggested that these conformational changes participate in stabilizing the ternary enzyme-substrate complex facilitating chemistry. To probe the microenvironment and dynamics of both the lyase domain and α-helix N in the polymerase domain, the single native tryptophan (Trp-325) of wild-type enzyme was replaced with alanine, and tryptophan was strategically substituted for residues in the lyase domain (F25W/W325A) or near the end of α-helix N (L287W/W325A). Influences of substrate on the fluorescence anisotropy decay of these single tryptophan forms of pol β were determined. The results revealed that the segmental motion of α-helix N was rapid (∼1 ns) and far more rapid than the step that limits chemistry. Binding of Mg2+ and/or gapped DNA did not cause a noticeable change in the rotational correlation time or angular amplitude of tryptophan in α-helix N. More important, binding of a correct nucleotide significantly limited the angular range of the nanosecond motion within α-helix N. In contrast, the segmental motion of the 8-kDa domain was “frozen” upon DNA binding alone, and this restriction did not increase further upon nucleotide binding. The dynamics of α-helix N are discussed from the perspective of the “open” to “closed” conformational change of pol β deduced from crystallography, and the results are more generally discussed in the context of reaction cycle-regulated flexibility for proteins acting as molecular motors.
Sr2Bi2O5: A structure containing only 3-coordinated bismuth

Abstract The bismuth(III) strontium oxide Sr 2 Bi 2 O 5 has been synthesized in the low-temperature form, and studied using both single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffractometry. All bismuth atoms are in an unusual threefold coordination with oxygen. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma with Z = 4 and X-ray cell parameters a = 14.261(3), b = 6.160(2), c = 7.642(3)A. A superlattice, visible in long exposure precession photographs, exists along c (2 × 3.8A). This is due to the ordering of oxygen and vacancies along the c -axial direction, and to resulting displacements of the Bi atoms along c . The structure consists of an ordered intergrowth, along the a -axial direction, of slabs of inverse NiAs-type, with composition Sr 2 O 4 and strings of Bi O Bi···□···Bi O Bi···, where □ represents an oxygen vacancy.
Robust obstacle segmentation based on topological persistence in outdoor traffic scenes

In this paper, a new methodology for robust segmentation of obstacles from stereo disparity maps in an on-road environment is presented. We first construct a probability of the occupancy map using the UV-disparity methodology. Traditionally, a simple threshold has been applied to segment obstacles from the occupancy map based on the connectivity of the resulting regions; however, this outcome is sensitive to the choice of parameter value. In our proposed method, instead of simple thresholding, we perform a topological persistence analysis on the constructed occupancy map. The topological framework hierarchically encodes all possible segmentation results as a function of the threshold, thus we can identify the regions that are most persistent. This leads to a more robust segmentation. The approach is analyzed using real stereo image pairs from standard datasets.
Cognitive therapy with battered women

Violence toward women by their male partners occurs so frequently that it must be considered seriously by every psychotherapist treating women clients. The paper addresses cognitive therapy with women when there has been a history of domestic violence toward them regardless of whether the danger is imminent and regardless of whether they initially identify battering as the presenting problem. Some cognitions which a woman may hold prior to the onset of abuse may contribute to an increased vulnerability once the violence occurs. A second category of cognitions develops through the battering experience itself, including perceptions of severity of abuse, attributions about the cause of the violence, and attributions about the solution to the problem. Working effectively with battered women requires not only an understanding of the dysfunctional cognitions that they may hold, but also a recognition of the dysfunctional cognitions to which therapists ascribe. It is important for a battered woman to accept responsibility for control of a solution to her victimization, not because the responsibility of the cause is hers, but because it represents empowerment over her own life. A third category of cognitions includes the negative psychological effects of violence. It is imperative to keep as the primary goal of intervention that of safety. Although dysfunctional cognitions may be important to alter, it is necessary never to lose sight of the real dangers the battered woman faces.
Monte Carlo simulations of the extinction rate of dense media with randomly distributed dielectric spheres based on solution of Maxwell's equations.

We present Monte Carlo simulations of the extinction rate of dense media with randomly distributed dielectric spheres that occupy up to 25% by volume and size parameter ka = 0.2. Maxwell’s equations in multiple-scattering form are solved iteratively for each realization. Convergence is demonstrated numerically by varying the number of iterations, the number of spheres up to 4000, and the number of realizations. Results are compared with that of the independent-scattering approximation, Foldy’s approximation, the quasi-crystalline approximation, and the quasi-crystalline approximation with coherent potential. The simulations are in good agreement with the last two approximations.
Mitochondrial genome maintenance in health and disease

Human mitochondria harbor an essential, high copy number, 16,569 base pair, circular DNA genome that encodes 13 gene products required for electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Mutation of this genome can compromise cellular respiration, ultimately resulting in a variety of progressive metabolic diseases collectively known as ‘mitochondrial diseases’. Mutagenesis of mtDNA and the persistence of mtDNA mutations in cells and tissues is a complex topic, involving the interplay of DNA replication, DNA damage and repair, purifying selection, organelle dynamics, mitophagy, and aging. We briefly review these general elements that affect maintenance of mtDNA, and we focus on nuclear genes encoding the mtDNA replication machinery that can perturb the genetic integrity of the mitochondrial genome.
The rational design of nitric oxide selectivity in single-walled carbon nanotube near-infrared fluorescence sensors for biological detection

A major challenge in the synthesis of nanotube or nanowire sensors is to impart selective analyte binding through means other than covalent linkages, which compromise electronic and optical properties. We synthesized a 3,4-diaminophenyl-functionalized dextran (DAP-dex) wrapping for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) that imparts rapid and selective fluorescence detection of nitric oxide (NO), a messenger for biological signalling. The near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence of SWNT(DAP-dex) is immediately and directly bleached by NO, but not by other reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. This bleaching is reversible and shown to be caused by electron transfer from the top of the valence band of the SWNT to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of NO. The resulting optical sensor is capable of real-time and spatially resolved detection of NO produced by stimulating NO synthase in macrophage cells. We also demonstrate the potential of the optical sensor for in vivo detection of NO in a mouse model.
Assigning hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen isotope values for phytoplankton and terrestrial detritus in aquatic food web studies

Studies designed to assess the resources supporting aquatic consumers using stable isotope analysis require measurements of the potential end members (basal resources). While some basal resources are easily measured, it is often difficult to physically separate phytoplankton (one potential end member) from other components in seston. Further, terrestrial materials entering aquatic ecosystems undergo diagenetic change, potentially altering isotope composition and making it difficult to assign end member values. We tested techniques for determining the isotopic hydrogen (δ 2 H), carbon (δ 13 C), and nitrogen (δ 15 N) values of terrestrial and phytoplankton end members in seston. Long term in situ leaf decomposition experiments were performed. No appreciable change was found in the isotope values of degraded material (mean change 3.6‰ for δ 2 H, 0.0‰ for δ 13 C, and −0.1‰ for δ 15 N). We conclude that the isotope values of terrestrial plant material can be used to assign end members for terrestrial detritus. Using samples collected from 10 lakes with phytoplankton-dominated seston, we compared 3 published methods for estimating the δ 13 C and δ 15 N of phytoplankton. One method, which corrected bulk particulate organic matter (POM) isotope values based on a δ 2 H mixing model, accurately predicted measured phytoplankton δ 13 C. Another method, which used a C:N mixing model to correct bulk POM, also performed well. A new method, proposed here, modified seston isotope values using the difference in C:N of phytoplankton and terrestrial material in a δ 2 H mixing model and correctly predicted measured phytoplankton δ 15 N. We recommend estimating phytoplankton δ 13 C and δ 15 N by correcting bulk POM using a δ 2 H mixing model, with the C:N modification proposed here for δ 15 N.
LRET-Based HTS of a Small-Compound Library for Inhibitors of Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Resistance mechanisms against whole classes of antibiotics are currently developing faster than research generates new structurally different biologically active agents. The demand for new antimicrobial drugs has not been matched by the speed of discovery. The interface between σ and core of bacterial RNA polymerase offers an attractive target for drug discovery, and we have previously described the development of a very robust high-throughput assay for this target based on luminescence resonance energy transfer. Here we describe a semiautomated screen of a commercially available library (Chembridge, San Diego, CA) that led to the identification of four small molecules, two of which have activity in preventing in vitro transcription and growth of Escherichia coli.
Abstract 2133: MCPH1 interacts with the anaphase-promoting complex subunit Cdc27

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Microcephalin (MCPH1), the first gene identified as causative for primary recessive autosomal microcephaly, is aberrantly expressed in autism-like disorders and human malignancy of breast and ovarian origin. MCPH1, the encoded protein product, has been implicated in various cellular processes including the DNA damage checkpoint, DNA repair and transcription. While our understanding of the cellular context in which MCPH1 operates continues to develop, a structural understanding of the C-terminal tandem BRCT domains of MCPH1 remains unexplored. Here, we identify Cdc27, a component of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C), as a novel interacting partner of MCPH1. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that the C-terminal tandem BRCT domains of MCPH1 (C-BRCTs) bind Cdc27 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. To further characterize this interaction, we determined the structure of MCPH1 C-BRCTs in complex with a phosphorylated Cdc27 peptide (pCdc27) using X-ray crystallography. Based on this structure, we identified single amino acid mutations targeted at the binding interface that disrupted the MCPH1-pCdc27 interaction. Collectively, our data defines the biochemical, structural and cellular determinants of the novel interaction between MCPH1 and Cdc27 and suggests that this interaction may occur within the larger context of MCPH1-APC/C. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2133. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2133
Normal macrophage function in infants receiving intralipid by low-dose intermittent administration

The effect of soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid) therapy on serum complement levels was determined in infants who received Intralipid therapeutically (1 gm/kg over 12 hours, every other day). The effect of Intralipid on macrophage priming for increased superoxide anion production was studied in a mouse model. Intralipid administration did not affect either macrophage function. Serum levels of C2 and C4, complement components synthesized and secreted exclusively in macrophages, were not decreased either during the week the infants received Intralipid or in the week following administration. Macrophages from mice that had received Intralipid produced similar amounts of superoxide anion, as did macrophages from mice that had received saline solution. Our data suggest that macrophages in infants receiving Intralipid in this regimen will function normally.
Aggregation, heterogeneity, and the Coase invariance theorem

Abstract It is possible to view the Coase Theorem as an aggregation- invariance result in which average demand depends solely on average endowments so that redistribution of initial endowments across individuals has no effect on the equilibrium of the economy. Hurwicz shows that the conditions on preferences required for this aggregation to hold are extremely stringent. On the other hand, it follows from the work of Marris and Becker that average demand will depend only on average endowments when individual demands are uniformly distributed over budget sets. We speculate that the Coase theorem will hold in an approximate sense if individual demand types are sufficiently diverse, a result consistent with the “statistical” approach to aggregation of Wald, Hicks, Hildenbrand, and in particular Grandmont.
Preparation of Isomerically Pure Alkylaminfs via the Reaction of Dimethylalkylboranes with Chloramine

Abstract Dimethylborane was used to hydroborate alkenes regiospecifically. The resultant dimethylalkylboranes react with ammonium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite to yield isomerically pure alkylamines.
Resistivity of boron-doped diamond microcrystals

We describe measurements of the electrical resistivity of micron-size crystallites of boron-doped diamond. Electron-beam lithography was employed for writing sample-specific contacts on small, well-faceted diamond crystals grown by chemical-vapor deposition on silicon substrates. After generating a three-dimensional computer model of the crystallite, a finite-element analysis was used to calculate the internal electrostatic potential distribution. Multiterminal resistance measurements, in conjunction with a computed geometrical factor, enabled the absolute resistivity to be determined. We find that the resistivities obtained from two different crystallites agree to better than 10%. The results are compared with transport measurements on a large-area homoepitaxial diamond film grown simultaneously with the crystallites. This method can be generalized to obtain electrical transport properties of other small, irregularly shaped samples.
Hydrogen Release From 800-MeV Proton-Irradiated Tungsten Rods

For the Accelerator Production of Tritium Project (APT), spallation neutrons will be moderated and then absorbed in 3He gas to produce tritium. The spallation neutrons will be generated by the interaction of high energy (~1 GeV) protons with solid tungsten rods or cylinders. A byproduct of the spallation reactions is large amounts of helium and hydrogen gas generated in the rods and other structural materials. The release kinetics of these gases during various proposed off-normal scenarios involving loss of coolant and afterheat-induced rises in temperature is of particular interest to the APT Project. In addition, however, this data is of interest for fusion reactors where tungsten used in a tokamak divertor will also be exposed to neutrons. In this case, the generated protium will be accompanied by deuterium and tritium diffusing in from the plasma-facing surface. Tungsten rods irradiated with 800 MeV protons in the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANCE) to high exposures have been sectioned to produce small specimens suitable for measurement of both hydrogen and helium. Hydrogen evolution was measured by subjecting the specimens to a simulated temperature ramp from ~200 to ~1200?C, similar to that expected due to a loss of coolant and subsequent afterheat. The release measurements were conducted using mass spectrometric techniques. Four release peaks at temperatures of approximately 550, 850, 1100 and 1200?C were observed, initially suggesting a number of trapping sites with different binding energies. Subsequent analysis, however, showed that the observed peaks were artifacts of the temperature heating profile, and that the release curve could be duplicated using a single trap energy of 1.4 eV.
Harnessing the Deep Web: a practical plan for locating free specialty databases on the web

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a practical plan for finding free specialty databases and search engines that access the Deep Web, the hidden part of the internet that offers a greater quantity and quality of information than the regular web.Design/methodology/approach – The author presents a self‐paced, adaptable worksheet of Deep Web search techniques. An explanation is provided for the utilization of general search tools to identify other, more specialized search tools. The techniques therein build upon searching methods suggested by previous authors.Findings – The techniques facilitated the process of finding specialty tools.Practical implications – The article helps librarians compile toolkits of specialty databases for use in serving their patrons. Reference librarians with collection responsibilities can expand their libraries' collections at no cost by identifying free web databases. In developing countries, librarians without access to subsidized collections of databases can use...
Magnesium deficiency and cardiogenic shock after cardiopulmonary bypass

Magnesium is an important cation that has a key role in cellular processes of energy transfer and utilization involving adenosine triphosphate, and influences cell membrane functions. Its antiarrhythmic properties are well-known and it is widely recognized as an adjunct for the treatment of arrhythmias after myocardial infarction and cardiopulmonary bypass. Magnesium may influence hemodynamic performance through its effects on vascular tone, modulation of intracellular calcium, regulation of catecholamine activity, and its essential role in adenosine triphosphate metabolism. The potential for magnesium deficiency to affect cardiovascular performance may be especially relevant in ischemic states. We report a case of cardiogenic shock developing after cardiopulmonary bypass that was initially unresponsive to therapeutic intervention, but that resolved promptly after magnesium administration. The potential role of magnesium in enhancing hemodynamic performance is discussed, with a review of its cellular metabolic properties and activities.
14.4-Mev (n, 2n) Cross Sections

Cross sections for the (n,2n) reaction were measured at an incident neutron energy of 14.4 plus or minus 0.3 Mev for 27 nuclides. These measurements were made relative to the cross section for the Cu/sup 63/(n,2n)Cu/ sup 62/ reaction. The relative cross sections were then converted to absolute cross sections by using the weighted mean of several Cu/sup 63/(n,2n)Cu/sup 62/ reaction-cross-section measurements made by other mvestigators. (auth)
A review of thrust-vectoring schemes for fighter applications

This paper presents a review of thrust vectoring schemes for advanced fighter applications. Results are presented from wind tunnel and system integration studies on thrust vectoring nozzle concepts. Vectoring data are presented from wind tunnel tests of axisymmetric C-D (convergent-divergent) and nonaxisymmetric wedge, C-D, single ramp and USB (upper-surface blowing) nozzle concepts. Results from recent airframe/nozzle integration studies on the impact of thrust vectoring on weight, cooling and performance characteristics are discussed. This review indicates that the aircraft designer has, at his disposal, a wide range of thrust vectoring schemes which offer potential for added or improved aircraft capability.
Finding Common Ground Between Europe and Asia: Understanding and Conflict During the Persian Embassy to France in 1715

Abstract In 1715, Louis XIV received Mohammad Reza Beg, an ambassador from distant Persia in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles. The aging monarch greeted the ambassador in a suit encrusted with diamonds, a costume worthy of an Oriental potentate. The Beg and his entourage were no less splendid and the similarity between the Frenchmen and the Persian must have struck some viewers. King and ambassador played roles in a common drama—the ambassadorial visit—and they had more in common than one might expect. Thanks to the memoirs in manuscript of the introducteur des ambassadeurs, Baron de Breteuil, we know that the French worked hard to cooperate with the Beg despite cultural differences. After all, Breteuil and the Beg shared the goal of projecting the grandeur of their respective monarchies. This common ambition resulted in clashes of precedence between the French and Persian representatives, similar to those that occurred between European powers. This article suggests that “Orientalism” and cultural conflict did not necessarily shape the French response to the Persians. Rather, common diplomatic interests that transcended cultural differences underlay the encounter between West and East.
A short derivation of the sperling-Burdet equations

A short derivation is given of the regularized equations of motion for the perturbed two-body problem. This method is then applied to the slightly modified time transformation dt/ds=r/ω.
A New Species of the Genus Harpacticus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) From Kodiak Island, Alaska

[Harpacticus compressus n. sp. wird aus grunen Algen aus der Chiniak Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska, beschrieben. Die neue Art gehort zu der Gruppe der funf Harpacticus-Arten, welche durch zwei Borsten auf dem zweiten Endopoditenglied des zweiten Schwimmbeines charakterisiert ist., Harpacticus compressus n. sp. wird aus grunen Algen aus der Chiniak Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska, beschrieben. Die neue Art gehort zu der Gruppe der funf Harpacticus-Arten, welche durch zwei Borsten auf dem zweiten Endopoditenglied des zweiten Schwimmbeines charakterisiert ist.]
Hemiachromatopsia of unilateral occipitotemporal infarcts

Two patients developed unilateral occipitotemporal infarcts that produced inferior quadrantic achromatopsia and an accompanying superior quadrantanopia. Magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomographic studies of both patients supported the current view that color vision is encoded in the lingual and fusiform gyri. Although the quadrantic defect in color processing was profound, neither patient was aware of it. Simple bedside testing of patients with superior quadrantanopia may disclose an unrecognized quadrantic achromatopsia.
Spontaneous arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery

A case of a nontraumatic arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery, documented on selective external carotid arteriography, is described in a 42-year-old man who was successfully treated by complete surgical excision. The clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas of the superficial temporal artery are reviewed.
Mammary-type myofibroblastoma of the liver: multi-modality imaging features with histopathologic correlation

A 46-year-old woman with an incidentally discovered hepatic mass at the time of echocardiography underwent additional imaging for characterization. Ultrasound demonstrated a 5.3 cm solid hyperechoic mass. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed intratumoral fat and nodular foci of progressive enhancement. The patient underwent surgical resection, with the mass demonstrating histopathologic and immunohistochemical features diagnostic of a hepatic mammary-type myofibroblastoma. We present herein the clinical, imaging, and pathologic features in this unique case of hepatic mammary-type myofibroblastoma. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma is a benign spindle cell tumor typically composed of groups of myofibroblasts within bands of hyalinized collagenous stroma. Some tumors also have an adipocytic component. The tumor is nearly exclusively seen in the breast and although extramammary soft tissue locations have been described, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the liver or any visceral site. Although rare, radiologists and clinicians should, therefore, be aware of the possibility of a mammary-type myofibroblastoma when a solid, non-encapsulated, fat containing tumor in the liver is encountered.
Physical environment may modify the association between depressive symptoms and change in waist circumference: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background Although the bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and adiposity has been recognized, the contribution of neighborhood factors to this relationship has not been assessed. Objective This study evaluates whether physical and social neighborhood environments modify the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and adiposity (measured by waist circumference and body mass index). Methods Using data on 5,122 men and women (ages 45 to 84 years) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) we investigated whether neighborhood physical (i.e., walking environment and availability of healthy food) and social (i.e., safety, aesthetics, and social coherence) environments modified the association between the following: (1) baseline elevated depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale score ≥ 16) and change in adiposity (as measured by waist circumference and body mass index) and (2) baseline overweight/obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm for men and >88 cm for women, or body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) and change in depressive symptoms using multilevel models. Neighborhood-level factors were obtained from the MESA Neighborhood Study. Results A greater increase in waist circumference in participants with vs without elevated depressive symptoms was observed in those living in poorly-rated physical environments but not in those living in better-rated environments (interaction p = 0.045). No associations were observed with body mass index. Baseline overweight/obesity was not associated with change in depressive symptoms and there was no modification by neighborhood-level factors. Conclusions Elevated depressive symptoms were associated with greater increase in waist circumference among individuals living in poorly-rated physical environments than in those in better-rated physical environments. No association was found between overweight/obesity and change in depressive symptoms.
Access to treatment-related and support services in methadone treatment programs

This study examines whether the mechanism through which a methadone maintenance treatment site offers seven treatment-related and support services is related to whether a patient receives such services. Mechanisms include the provision of services on-site, at another program site, or through formal or informal linkage arrangements. Analysis was conducted on a nationally representative sample of methadone treatment sites. Providing services on-site was found to be positively related to patient access to a majority of services, whereas, in general, offering services at another program site or through formal or informal linkages was not found to be effective. Not-for-profit or public ownership of treatment sites was also found to be positively related to patient access.
Submicrosecond studies in pulse radiolysis by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy☆

Abstract Instrument improvements allow the study of transient radicals in pulse radiolysis of aqueous acid and alcohols in the 200–300 ns region after the electron pulse. The radical pair mechanism of CIDEP is clearly dominant in these short times and it appears that the residual spin population from the radical precursors can be observed.