cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperoxic stress elevates p52(PAI-1) mRNA abundance in cultured cells and adult rat pulmonary tissue.

Hyperoxic stress alters expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. To identify novel ECM-associated gene products positively regulated by hyperoxia, rat kidney cells were exposed to 95% O2, and the complement of [35S]methionine-labeled, saponin-resistant, ECM-associated proteins was compared with normoxic controls. O2-stressed cells accumulated significantly greater ECM levels (approximately 3- to 4-fold that of control cells) of a 52-kDa glycoprotein (p52), recently identified as the matrix form of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) (P.J. Higgins, P. Chaudhari, and M.P. Ryan. Biochem. J. 273: 651-658, 1991; P. J. Higgins, M. P. Ryan, R. Zeheb, T. D. Gelehrter, P. Chaudhari. J. Cell. Physiol. 143:321-329, 1990), which peaked at 48 h of exposure. Hyperoxia-associated increases in ECM p52(PAI-1) content reflected parallel elevations in p52(PAI-1) mRNA abundance. Similar results were obtained using secondary cultures of rat pulmonary fibroblasts. This 48-h period of maximal hyperoxia-induced p52(PAI-1) expression in vitro was used to design subsequent in vivo studies. Adult rats were exposed to 99% O2 for 24-50 h, and RNA was extracted from the pulmonary tissue of stressed and control animals. A 5- to 8-fold and 6- to 15-fold increase in lung p52(PAI-1) mRNA content was evident in hyperoxia-treated rats at 24 and 50 h, respectively. All of this increase occurred in the defined 3.2-kb species of rat p52(PAI-1) mRNA. Actin mRNA levels increased three- to sevenfold as a function of hyperoxic stress, whereas catalase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA abundance was unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gadamer and the Legacy of German Idealism: Normativity, critique, and reflection: The hermeneutic legacy of German Idealism

As part of his attempt to revitalize philosophical humanism – to move from an aesthetic to a political humanism – Gadamer advises that hermeneutics, if conceived in a philosophically adequate way, must move beyond a narrow, scientistic understanding of knowledge and truth. He wishes to rehabilitate, at the very core of his philosophy, the idea of truth as transformative world-disclosure, an existential appropriation of the interpreter's historicity and situatedness within tradition. Only thus, he argues, can hermeneutics overcome the idea of the past as dead and irrelevant to the interpreter's present self-understanding and future projections. Gadamer's hermeneutics presupposes that a theory of interpretation either takes the form of naive scientism or takes as its basis the self-transformative, ontological experience of Dasein 's being-in-tradition. This sixth and final chapter argues that early nineteenth-century hermeneutics points a way beyond this tertium non datur , as it lies behind and motivates Gadamer's philosophical theory of interpretation. In Schleiermacher's work, the ideals of Bildung , understanding the other, and critical self-understanding are not contrary to but, rather, issue from a validity-oriented theory of interpretation. Gadamer's model, we have seen, leaves us with no standard in light of which the interpreter can critically assess his or her work and ask whether the voices of the past, in his or her interpretation, really do emerge as more than a mere echo of the interests of the present.
Mechanisms of connecting tubule glomerular feedback enhancement by aldosterone.

Connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CTGF) is a mechanism where an increase in sodium (Na) concentration in the connecting tubule (CNT) causes the afferent arteriole (Af-Art) to dilate. We recent...
‘A Free Trade—a Free Vote—and a Free Religion …’: The Politico-Religious Landscape of Reformed England, 1832–1847

A satirical magazine, published in Nottingham on the eve of the April 1841 by-election, reported that ‘On the way home [from political meetings] the [radicals] destroyed the windows of most of the churches, and the Tories exercised similar justice on the chapels of the Dissenters.’1 A handbill from Ipswich, printed before the general election of 1847, likened the hostile proceedings of the borough’s conservative and liberal interests to the sale of two greyhounds, named Churchman and Dissent. The advertisement noted that both had been sired by ‘Bigot, out of Ignorance,’ and further observed the dogs’ respective diets: ‘Churchman will keep in good condition on Bank Notes. Dissent will thrive on Coppers.’2 To be sure, such items were meant to be comical, but nonetheless reveal telling patterns connecting denominational and political preference in the 1830s and 1840s.
Cytotoxic CD8 T Cell Immune Responses to Wilms Tumor Protein (WT-1) Characterizes Immunosuppression-Responsive Myelodysplasia (MDS).

Abstract Clinical observations and experimental evidence link bone marrow failure in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a T cell-dominated immunologically-mediated pathophysiology in some patients. Indeed, among 129 patients treated with immunosuppression at NIH, trisomy 8 was associated with hematologic response to immunosuppression. We have demonstrated that trisomy 8 patients have oligoclonal CD8 T cell expansion, as determined by increased proportions of one or more T cell receptor (TCR) V beta subfamilies (Sloand et al. Blood 106:841; 2005) which had cytotoxic activity toward trisomy 8 cell progenitors. Here we examine the response of cytotoxic T cells to cyclin D1 and Wilms tumor protein (WT-1); these candidate autoantigens had earlier been observed to be over-expressed in trisomy 8 CD34 cell in our microarray analysis (Chen et al. Blood 104:4210, 2004 ). Bone marrow mononuclear cells from 19 trisomy 8 patients (defined by cytogenetics and FISH) had significantly increased levels of WT-1 mRNA and protein expression compared to normal CD34 cells by real time PCR and immunoblot, respectively (p Download : Download high-res image (81KB) Download : Download full-size image
Transformative change to ‘a new me’: a qualitative study of clients’ lived experience with integrative health coaching*

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of adult clients who sought Integrative Health Coaching (IHC) to address a chronic health condition. Moustakas’ phenomenological approach was applied to engage nine participants in recorded in-depth interviews and photo-elicitation interviews. Analysis revealed the essence of participants’ IHC experience as engagement in transformative change. Participants described the integrative medicine framework and most notably mindfulness as supporting their engagement in the coaching process. They noted that mindfulness contributed to the coaching relationship as well as promoted their engagement, competence, and autonomy in self-determined goal attainment. Specifically, mindfulness helped participants cultivate self-awareness, insight, and self-acceptance and apply it to goal-directed action. The conceptualization of participants’ lived experiences with IHC described the phenomenon of IHC as whole-person engagement in a mindfulness-based coac...
Co-localization of the cannabinoid type 1 receptor with corticotropin-releasing factor-containing afferents in the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus: implications for the cognitive limb of the stress response.

The noradrenergic system has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of stress responses, arousal, mood, and emotional states. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a primary mediator of stress-induced activation of noradrenergic neurons in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). The endocannabinoid (eCB) system also plays a key role in modulating stress responses, acting as an “anti-stress” neuro-mediator. In the present study, we investigated the cellular sites for interactions between the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r) and CRF in the LC. Immunofluorescence and high-resolution immunoelectron microscopy showed co-localization of CB1r and CRF in both the core and peri-LC areas. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that 44% (208/468) of CRF-containing axon terminals in the core and 35% (104/294) in the peri-LC expressed CB1r, while 18% (85/468) of CRF-containing axon terminals in the core and 6.5% (19/294) in the peri-LC were presynaptic to CB1r-containing dendrites. In the LC core, CB1r + CRF axon terminals were more frequently of the symmetric (inhibitory) type; while in the peri-LC, a majority were of the asymmetric (excitatory) type. Triple label immunofluorescence results supported the ultrastructural analysis indicating that CB1r + CRF axon terminals contained either gamma amino butyric acid or glutamate. Finally, anterograde transport from the central nucleus of the amygdala revealed that CRF-amygdalar afferents projecting to the LC contain CB1r. Taken together, these results indicate that the eCB system is poised to directly modulate stress-integrative heterogeneous CRF afferents in the LC, some of which arise from limbic sources.
Virtual reality application for interactive and informative learning

Virtual Reality technology is spreading rapidly, and already existing in many fields nowadays. Education is one of the most important fields in life, therefore it should be in line with new technologies and lifestyles. In fact, applying technology in education, is facilitating the way of teaching and learning techniques. In this paper, a virtual reality application was developed for educational purposes such as practical learning and performing live experiments in the field of engineering and science. This application has a virtual environment which represents an educational society that will be seen through a Virtual Reality headset, and it will be controlled through a leap motion controller. By having this application, students will be able to perform experiments, attend online live 360D lectures, watch pre-recorded lectures, have a campus tour, and visit informative labs virtually. As a result, many educational problems will be solved including dangerous experiments, lack of equipment, and disables movement struggles.
Multilayer split-protocol

OSI reference model illustrates a layered architecture, at every layer specific actions, functions, and services take place. In this model, layers 5–7 are considered as the upper layers, and they deal with application-level of data, and lower layers 1–4 mostly with moving data around. The networks function on one elementary norm: "pass it on." Each layer is responsible for a particular task and then pushes the data into the subsequent layer. There are many methods frequently used to upsurge server availability or for distributing the load among a group of servers. To improve web server performance, we propose a high performance and secure technique of multilayer Split-protocol (MLSP) for a web application. This work continues improvement of our previous work. In this paper, we demonstrate new contribution as a multilayer splitting concept in an Internet setting and offer performance outcomes that highlight several exciting features of MLSP.
Standard Iris Storage Formats

Iris recognition standards are open specifications for iris cameras, iris image properties, and iris image records. Biometric data standards are a necessity for applications in which a consumer of a data record must process biometric input from an arbitrary producer. The archetype for standard iris storage formats has been the flight of standards already developed for the storage of biometric data on electronic passports.
Evaluation criteria for information systems development methodologies

The evaluation of information systems development methodologies is becoming increasingly important. The lack of a commonly acceptable set of criteria for evaluation, however, hinders aggregating knowledge from field studies. Our study attempts to fill the gap. To reduce the effects of subjectivity, we surveyed the opinions of a group (28) of experienced IS researchers. Fifty-one criteria were generated from the research participants. A systematic content analysis technique will be applied for grouping the unique criteria into general categories. Upon completion, our study can make both academic and practical contributions in evaluating ISD methodologies.
A Thorny Finding: Unexpected Acanthocytosis in an Elderly Patient

A 74-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease, atherosclerotic cardiomyopathy, and hypertension presented with general functional decline. His medications included glipizide, memantine, pimavanserin, atorvastatin, lisinopril, spironolactone, and aspirin. Laboratory results and chart review revealed progressive macrocytic anemia (hemoglobin 9.7 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume 106.0 fL), and the peripheral smear …
Boll injury caused by leaffooted bug in late-season cotton

Abstract Leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), has been observed on late-season cotton in south Texas and elsewhere in USA. Field-collected leaffooted bugs were caged on cotton in 2013 and 2014 to characterize symptoms and distribution of boll injury within the cotton plant and within the context of the insect's late-season occurrence (about 5 nodes above white flower). Boll injury and symptoms of cotton boll rot on cotton plants infested with leaffooted bug were similar to those caused by stink bugs and plant bugs. In 2013, there was more boll injury to younger bolls (on average) in reproductive middle branches 6 to 10 (1.28 ± 0.25 boll injury, based on a 0 to 4 scale) than on the relatively older bolls in lower branches 1 to 5 (0.50 ± 0.13), when infesting cotton with one leaffooted bug per plant. Cotton boll rot generally followed the same pattern: higher frequency of boll rot symptoms on bolls in the middle branches (29.4% ± 8.0) than in lower branches (9.2% ± 2.1). In 2014 under severe water-stress conditions, the amount of boll injury and cotton boll rot was marginally lower, and significant differences were not detected between middle and lower branches. When yield was measured in 2013, there were no differences detected between infested and uninfested plants despite substantial boll injury and cotton boll rot. Overall, boll injury and cotton boll rot data supported leaffooted bug as a damaging cotton insect, although yield loss was not detected experimentally late-season which coincided when leaffooted bug has been observed in production fields. We propose that risk to yield is low when leaffooted bug movement to cotton is detected late-season, while risk to yield may increase if leaffooted bugs move to cotton earlier when bolls are younger. Further study is warranted to evaluate degree of risk across cotton boll age, development, and water stress.
Ad libitum Weekend Recovery Sleep Fails to Prevent Metabolic Dysregulation during a Repeating Pattern of Insufficient Sleep and Weekend Recovery Sleep.

Summary People commonly increase sleep duration on the weekend to recover from sleep loss incurred during the workweek. Whether ad libitum weekend recovery sleep prevents metabolic dysregulation caused by recurrent insufficient sleep is unknown. Here, we assessed sleep, circadian timing, energy intake, weight gain, and insulin sensitivity during sustained insufficient sleep (9 nights) and during recurrent insufficient sleep following ad libitum weekend recovery sleep. Healthy, young adults were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) control (CON; 9-h sleep opportunities, n = 8), (2) sleep restriction without weekend recovery sleep (SR; 5-h sleep opportunities, n = 14), and (3) sleep restriction with weekend recovery sleep (WR; insufficient sleep for 5-day workweek, then 2 days of weekend recovery, then 2 nights of insufficient sleep, n = 14). For SR and WR groups, insufficient sleep increased after-dinner energy intake and body weight versus baseline. During ad libitum weekend recovery sleep, participants cumulatively slept ∼1.1 h more than baseline, and after-dinner energy intake decreased versus insufficient sleep. However, during recurrent insufficient sleep following the weekend, the circadian phase was delayed, and after-dinner energy intake and body weight increased versus baseline. In SR, whole-body insulin sensitivity decreased ∼13% during insufficient sleep versus baseline, and in WR, whole-body, hepatic, and muscle insulin sensitivity decreased ∼9%–27% during recurrent insufficient sleep versus baseline. Furthermore, during the weekend, total sleep duration was lower in women versus men, and energy intake decreased to baseline levels in women but not in men. Our findings suggest that weekend recovery sleep is not an effective strategy to prevent metabolic dysregulation associated with recurrent insufficient sleep.
Alcohol Rehabilitation Within 30 Days of Hospital Discharge Is Associated With Reduced Readmission, Relapse, and Death in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis

Background & Aims Patients admitted to the hospital for alcoholic hepatitis (AH) are at increased risk of readmission and death. We aimed to identify factors associated with readmission, alcohol relapse, and mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted with AH to a tertiary care hospital from 1999 through 2016 (test cohort, n = 135). We validated our findings in a prospective analysis of patients in a multi-center AH research consortium from 2013 through 2017 (validation cohort, n = 159). Alcohol relapse was defined as any amount of alcohol consumption within 30 days after hospital discharge. Early alcohol rehabilitation was defined as residential or outpatient addiction treatment or mutual support group participation within 30 days after hospital discharge. Results Thirty-day readmission rates were 30% in both cohorts. Alcohol relapse rates were 37% in the test and 34% in the validation cohort. Following hospital discharge, 27 patients (20%) in the test cohort and 19 patients (16%) in the validation cohort attended early alcohol rehabilitation. There were 53 deaths (39%) in a median follow-up time of 2.8 years and 42 deaths (26%) in a median follow-up time of 1.3 years, respectively. In the test cohort, early alcohol rehabilitation reduced odds for 30-day readmission (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04–0.65; P = .01), 30-day alcohol relapse (AOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.53; P Conclusions In an analysis from two cohorts of patients admitted with AH, early alcohol rehabilitation can reduce risk of hospital readmission, alcohol relapse, and death and should be considered as a quality indicator in AH hospitalization treatment.
Skepticism and American Faith: from the revolution to the civil war

Recent historiography has proposed a variety of explanations for the growth and strength of Christianity in the years from the American Revolution to the Civil War. We have had religion as the crad...
Assessment of Self-reported Prognostic Expectations of People Undergoing Dialysis: United States Renal Data System Study of Treatment Preferences (USTATE).

Importance Prognostic understanding can shape patients' treatment goals and preferences. Patients undergoing dialysis in the United States have limited life expectancy and may receive end-of-life care directed at life extension. Little is known about their prognostic expectations. Objective To understand the prognostic expectations of patients undergoing dialysis and how these relate to care planning, goals, and preferences. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional survey study of 996 eligible patients treated with regular dialysis at 31 nonprofit dialysis facilities in 2 metropolitan areas (Seattle, Washington, and Nashville, Tennessee) between April 2015 and October 2018. After a pilot phase, 1434 eligible patients were invited to participate (response rate, 69.5%). To provide a context for interpreting survey participants' prognostic estimates, United States Renal Data System standard analysis files were used to construct a comparison cohort of 307 602 patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis on January 1, 2006, and followed for death through July 31, 2017. Final analyses for this study were conducted between November 2018 and March 2019. Exposures Responses to the question "How long would you guess people your age with similar health conditions usually live?" ( 10 years, or not sure). Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported (1) documentation of a surrogate decision-maker, (2) documentation of treatment preferences, (3) values around life prolongation, (4) preferences for receipt of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mechanical ventilation, and (5) desired place of death. Results Of the 996 survey respondents, the mean (SD) age was 62.7 (13.9) years, and 438 (44.0%) were women. Overall, 112 (11.2%) survey respondents selected a prognosis of fewer than 5 years, 150 (15.1%) respondents selected 5 to 10 years, 330 (33.1%) respondents selected more than 10 years, and 404 (40.6%) were not sure. By comparison, 185 427 (60.3%) prevalent US in-center patients undergoing hemodialysis died within 5 years, 58 437 (19.0%) died within 5 to 10 years, and 63 738 (20.7%) lived more than 10 years. In analyses adjusted for participant characteristics, survey respondents with a prognostic expectation of more than 10 years (vs <5 years) were less likely to report documentation of a surrogate decision-maker (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9) and treatment preferences (aOR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6) and to value comfort over life extension (aOR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.04-0.3), and were more likely to want cardiopulmonary resuscitation (aOR, 5.3; 95% CI, 3.2-8.7) and mechanical ventilation (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-3.7). The respondents who reported that they were not sure about prognosis had similar associations. Conclusions and Relevance Uncertain and overly optimistic prognostic expectations may limit the benefit of advance care planning and contribute to high-intensity end-of-life care in patients undergoing dialysis.
Methyl-bromide and asthma emergency department visits in California, USA from 2005 to 2011

Objective: Urban monitors of Methyl bromide (MBr), not typically near application sites, are used to investigate the impact of ambient concentrations on asthma Emergency Department (ED) visits.Meth...
Demographic Differences Among Patients Undergoing Blepharoplasty Based on Surgeon Training in New York State.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether patient demographics and surgical metrics varied among differently trained surgeons performing blepharoplasty. METHODS The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was used to identify patients who underwent blepharoplasty in New York State. Surgeons were grouped based on residency training as listed in the New York State Physician Profile. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine predictors of patient characteristics based on surgeon training. RESULTS There were 361 surgeons who performed 39,932 cases of blepharoplasty in New York State from 2008 to 2016. When aggregated by surgeon training, there were significant differences among procedure times and total charges for blepharoplasty. On average, cases performed by ophthalmologists took 66.7 minutes and patients were charged $6,860; cases performed by otolaryngologists took 158.2 minutes and patients were charged $9,084; and cases performed by plastic surgeons took 131.8 minutes and patients were charged $11,028. Unlike plastic surgeons or otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists tended to have older patients and more male patients. Ophthalmologists were more likely to operate on patients with comorbidities as well as non-white patients (p < 0.0001). They were also significantly more likely to have patients with insurance coverage than self-pay (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Demographic and surgical metrics of blepharoplasty cases performed by surgeons trained in otolaryngology and plastic surgery are similar. Ophthalmology-trained surgeons performed blepharoplasty on patients that were more likely to be older, male, non-white, and had insurance coverage. Ophthalmologist procedure time for blepharoplasty was also less than half of the procedure time of otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons.Blepharoplasty is a surgical procedure commonly performed by ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, and plastic surgeons to address cosmetic concerns or visual impairment related to the eyelids.
Global prediction of chromatin accessibility using small-cell-number and single-cell RNA-seq

Conventional high-throughput genomic technologies for mapping regulatory element activities in bulk samples such as ChIP-seq, DNase-seq and FAIRE-seq cannot analyze samples with small numbers of cells. The recently developed low-input and single-cell regulome mapping technologies such as ATAC-seq and single-cell ATAC-seq (scATAC-seq) allow analyses of small-cell-number and single-cell samples, but their signals remain highly discrete or noisy. Compared to these regulome mapping technologies, transcriptome profiling by RNA-seq is more widely used. Transcriptome data in single-cell and small-cell-number samples are more continuous and often less noisy. Here, we show that one can globally predict chromatin accessibility and infer regulatory element activities using RNA-seq. Genome-wide chromatin accessibility predicted by RNA-seq from 30 cells can offer better accuracy than ATAC-seq from 500 cells. Predictions based on single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) can more accurately reconstruct bulk chromatin accessibility than using scATAC-seq. Integrating ATAC-seq with predictions from RNA-seq increases the power and value of both methods. Thus, transcriptome-based prediction provides a new tool for decoding gene regulatory circuitry in samples with limited cell numbers.
Effects of Temperature on Seed Germination of Plantago lanceolata and Management in Carya illinoinensis Production

Plantago lanceolata L. (buckhorn plantain) is an encroaching winter weed described as one of the most successful noncultivated colonizing species around the world. Control of P. lanceolata in southeastern USA Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch production has not been studied, nor has the role of temperature on germination using a thermal gradient table. Seed of P. lanceolata collected from a Georgia C. illinoinensis grove were tested for the effects of temperature over time to establish differences in effects on germination using a thermal gradient table. Temperatures ranged from 13.5 to 30.5 °C for 288 h. Cumulative P. lanceolata seed germination was 66% occurring at 17.8 °C at 242 h. Over the 288 h experiment, maximum P. lanceolata germination was 27% occurring at 17.0 °C, 187 h after initiation. Control of P. lanceolata with residual herbicides, or in combination with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was evaluated in the interrow of C. illinoinensis groves containing Trifolium repens L., and in greenhouse experiments. Pre- and post-emergent herbicides included indaziflam, halosulfuron-methyl, and simazine applied alone, or in combination with 2,4-D in late autumn after P. lanceolata emergence in a C. illinoinensis grove. Indaziflam in combination with 2,4-D controlled P. lanceolata greater than 90% when applied in C. illinoinensis groves and greenhouse experiments. Halosulfuron-methyl and simazine applied alone, or in combination with 2,4-D, provided 67% or less P. lanceolata control in the grove experiments, and 83% or less in greenhouse experiments. Results suggested that herbicide applications should be made during the time when diurnal temperatures are between 15 and 30 °C, while abiding pre-harvest interval restrictions. Post- and pre-emergent herbicides may aid in controlling emerged weeds and reducing further weed emergence during the autumn of that year.
Tracheostomy manipulations: Impact on tracheostomy safety.

Importance: Tracheotomy is one of the riskiest procedures for composite morbidity within pediatric otolaryngology. During the postoperative period, each time the tracheostomy tube is manipulated, there is opportunity for morbidity (e.g. a patient is vulnerable to accidental decannulation and airway loss). Objective: To identify areas of improvement in caring for "fresh tracheostomy" patients by determining the number of times a tracheostomy tube is manipulated from placement until discharge. The hypothesis is that the more a tracheostomy is manipulated, the higher probability of morbidity. Methods: A quality improvement initiative was conducted to map the care of patients who underwent tracheostomy placement over 12 months. Tracheostomy care and manipulation by all providers were reviewed. Complications, wound care, and respiratory treatments were also evaluated. Results: Patients were hospitalized for an average of 39 days (7–140) following tracheostomy. The first tracheostomy tube change occurred on average 6 days (5–10) following placement. Tracheostomy tubes were manipulated an average of 6 (2.5–11.9) times a day to amount to 216 (51–1091) times between placement and discharge. Bedside nurses and respiratory therapists were responsible for 95% of these actions; physicians accounted for 4%. There were 6 tracheostomy related complications. Three were accidental decannulations resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest. One of these caused long term patient morbidity. Patients with more than 4 manipulations per day during the 2 weeks following tracheostomy tube placement, were more likely to have a tracheostomy related complication than those with less than 4 (OR: 12.5; 95% CI: 1.2–130.6; P = 0.0349). Interpretation: While uncommon, complications related to tracheostomy can have serious long term effects and at best prolongs length of stay for patients. Reducing the number of tracheostomy manipulations may provide safer postoperative care ultimately reducing morbidity and potentially mortality; children on average have 6 tracheotomy manipulations/day with only 2% being by the physician. Key words: Complications; Management; Pediatric tracheostomy; Safety
Structural alignment in dialogue and monologue (and what attention may have to do with it)

Abstract In the Interactive Alignment Theory, alignment is promoted by dialogic features on a dialogue-monologue continuum. More alignment in prototypical dialogue (a chat among friends) than in prototypical monologue (a lecture) seems plausible, but the role of other dialogic features for alignment is less clear. The current study tests the joint influence of two such features: communicative intent and a live interlocutor. Four structural priming experiments contrasted the magnitude of structural alignment between a dialogue situation that involved a joint task and an otherwise identical monologue situation that lacked a communicative component. None of the four experiments showed any statistical differences in alignment between dialogue and monologue. Post-hoc analyses on the pooled data of Experiments 2–4 further suggested that individual differences in attention (operationalized through reaction time variability in the picture verification component of the task we used to elicit alignment) might modulate overall structural alignment, and that dialogue (presumably through sustaining attention) might be able to sustain alignment over time to a greater extent than monologue. These results suggest a role for attention in supporting structural alignment, but the lack of clear differences between alignment magnitudes in monologue and dialogue (absent in individual experiments and weak even in the pooled analyses) suggests that communicative intent and a physically-present interlocutor have at best a minor role in promoting alignment.
Engaging Online Students: Using a Multisensory Exercise for Deeper, Active Learning.

With asynchronous scheduling and the semi-anonymous nature of online courses, engaging students can be challenging. The authors created an innovative MBA class assignment designed to teach brand ma...
A Sense of Presence

Indexical awareness involves a sense of the object’s presence, and that sense of presence is a defining trait of acquaintance.
Comparação clínica entre peróxido de benzoília tópico 2,5% e diclofenaco gel 1% versus peróxido de benzoília 2,5% e placebo no tratamento da acne vulgar facial leve à moderada

The inflammation may play a critical role in the development of facial acne. Pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotriene, have been implicated in the initiation of acne. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 1% diclofenac gel compare with a placebo gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne patients in 12 weeks. Methods: A 12 weeks, randomizing, double-blind, individual and split-face comparative trial was conducted in 24 volunteers. Patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris, aged 18 to 30 years were enrolled. They received 2.5% benzoyl peroxide with 1% diclofenac gel and 2.5% benzoyl peroxide with placebo gel apply regularly at each side of the face. Results: 24 participants with mean (SD) age of 25.92 years were enrolled in the study. Statistically significant decrease in mean of comedone lesions was observed in 1% diclofenac gel group by acne lesion count at week 12 (P <0.05) superior than placebo gel. Moreover, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation also had statistically significant decrease superior to placebo group at week 4. Conclusions: The 1% diclofenac gel topical treatment has shown good clinical efficacy and safety in decreasing facial comedones at week 12 and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in 4 weeks
Productivity, richness, and diversity of light verb constructions in the history of American English

Abstract This study provides an empirical analysis of productivity in Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) in the history of American English. LVCs contain a semantically light verb like make or take that may be paired with an abstract nominal object, as in make an assumption or take charge. Using a 406-million word corpus of texts written between 1810 and 2009, we track the frequency of LVCs and analyze the range of light verb + nominal object pairings. Using statistical measurements of biodiversity from the field of ecology, we evaluate the hypothesis that “the rich get richer” among light verbs: the most frequent verbs become more frequent and more diverse, occurring with an ever-growing variety of different NP complements. The results contribute to ongoing discussions in cross-linguistic, diachronic research on reasons for the growth of LVCs, the gradient nature of linguistic productivity, and the role of exemplars in the interaction between type and token frequencies during periods of linguistic change.
Geriatric Patients and COVID-19

The burden of illness in illness in pediatrics is much lower than what has been reported for adults, with <1% of pediatric patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Respiratory symptoms are the most common presentation of COVID-19. A minority of patients who are critically ill have presented with a hyperinflammatory shock that has been described as the pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. Research suggests that differential expression of ACE2 receptors, difference in the immune response, and exposure to other viruses may be etiologies for why most children have milder forms of COVID-19 than adults. Precautions taken while caring for COVID-19-positive adults should also be applied to the pediatric patient. Strong consideration should be given to premedicating the child with COVID-19 preoperative to reduce crying and screaming (which may increase spread of the virus). At the time of writing, the World Health Organization and United States Centers for Disease Control do not recommend any specific treatment strategies in children because novel therapies have not been shown clear benefit.
Femtosecond MeV Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy

Pump-probe electron energy-loss spectroscopy is a promising method for studying electron dynamics and photoexcited chemistry in real time. Existing instruments using low-energy electrons cannot achieve adequate temporal resolution, and while bright high-energy electron beams could, their energy resolution is orders of magnitude worse. The authors propose a reference-beam concept, supported by comprehensive system design and numerical modeling, that can completely bypass these challenges. Their work points the way to mapping the atomic world on fundamental time, length, and energy scales.
Rewriting the HR Playbook for the Future

As organisations deal with the evolving nature of the new normal, the role of the human resources (HR) is getting redefined to meet the ongoing needs of its workforce. Designing employee–HR experie...
Pilot study of fractional CO2 laser therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause in gynecologic cancer survivors

Abstract Purpose The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of fractional CO2 laser therapy in gynecologic cancer survivors. Methods This was a pilot, multi-institutional randomized sham-controlled trial of women with gynecologic cancers with dyspareunia and/or vaginal dryness. Participants were randomized to fractional CO2 laser treatment or sham laser treatment. The primary aim was to estimate the proportion of patients who had improvement in symptoms based on the Vaginal Assessment Scale (VAS). Secondary aims included changes in sexual function assessed using the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) and urinary symptoms assessed using the the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI-6). Results Eighteen women participated in the study, ten in the treatment arm and eight in the sham arm. The majority of participants had stage I (n = 11, 61.1 %) or II (n = 3, 16.7 %) endometrial cancer with adenocarcinoma histology (n = 9, 50 %). In total, 15 (83.3 %) of the participants completed all treatments and follow-up visit. There was no difference in the change in the median VAS score from baseline to follow-up. However, there was an improvement in change in the median total FSFI score with treatment compared with sham (Δ 6.5 vs −0.3, p = 0.02). The change in the median UDI-6 score was lower in the treatment arm (Δ −14.6 vs −2.1, p = 0.17), but this was not statistically significant. There were no reported serious adverse events. Conclusions Fractional CO2 laser therapy is feasible in gynecologic cancer survivors, with preliminary evidence of safety. In addition, there was preliminary evidence of improvement in sexual function compared with sham treatment. Clinicaltrial.gov Identifier: NCT03372720 (OSU-17261; NCI-2017-02051)
NLRP3 Inflammasome Blockade Reduces Cocaine-Induced Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation

Cocaine use disorder is a major health crisis that is associated with increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. While the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating neuroinflammation is well-recognized, whether cocaine induces this response remains unexplored. Based on the premise that cocaine induces both reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as microglial activation, we hypothesized that cocaine-mediated microglial activation involves both ROS and NLRP3 signaling pathways. We examined activation of the NLRP3 pathway in microglia exposed to cocaine, followed by validation in mice administered either cocaine or saline for 7 days, with or without pretreatment with the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, and in postmortem cortical brain tissues of chronic cocaine-dependent humans. We found that microglia exposed to cocaine exhibited significant induction of NLRP3 and mature IL-1β expression. Intriguingly, blockade of ROS (Tempol) attenuated cocaine-mediated priming of NLRP3 and microglial activation (CD11b). Blockade of NLRP3 by both pharmacological (MCC950) as well as gene silencing (siNLRP3) approaches underpinned the critical role of NLRP3 in cocaine-mediated activation of inflammasome and microglial activation. Pretreatment of mice with MCC950 followed by cocaine administration for 7 days mitigated cocaine-mediated upregulation of mature IL-1β and CD11b, in both the striatum and the cortical regions. Furthermore, cortical brain tissues of chronic cocaine-dependent humans also exhibited upregulated expression of the NLRP3 pathway mediators compared with non-cocaine dependent controls. Collectively, these findings suggest that cocaine activates microglia involving the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, thereby contributing to neuroinflammation. NLRP3 can thus be considered as a potential therapeutic target for alleviating cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation.
687 Changes in adolescent sleep habits during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents have experienced significant lifestyle changes. With an increase in technological dependency and changes in school formats, sleep behaviors may be altered. As individuals with overweight or obesity (OWOB) already report higher rates of sleep issues, they may be particularly at risk during this time. However, to date, there are no data on changes in sleep behavior in adolescents with OWOB during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants included 10 adolescents with BMI ≥85th percentile (Mage=16.30 years, SDage=1.06;60% male;70% African American). Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, participants completed sleep diaries twice per day for one week, noting caffeine intake, bedtime, naps, perceived sleep quality, and media use in bed. Participants then completed sleep diaries again during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five separate paired-samples t-tests assessed differences in sleep behaviors and quality. Results: A paired-samples t-test demonstrated significantly earlier average bedtime before (M=11:20 PM, SD=55.16 minutes) than during (M=12:29 AM, SD=71.27 minutes) COVID-19 (t(9)=-3.0, p=0.015). A second paired-samples t-test demonstrated lower average media use in bed before (M=11.67, SD=10.97 minutes) than during (M=32.13, SD=27.28 minutes) the COVID-19 pandemic (t(9)=-2.3, p=0.050). No other significant differences were found. Conclusion: Adolescents engaged in later bedtimes and increased media use in bed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This suggests adolescents' sleep schedules have shifted later during the COVID- 19 school year, due to either later wake times associated with virtual schooling or disruption in typical daily schedule as a result of the pandemic. However, no differences were found regarding caffeine intake, number of naps, and sleep quality. The significant findings regarding later adolescent bedtimes may reflect delayed sleep phase or possibly improved circadian alignment due to delayed school start times and at-home classes. The null findings regarding naps and caffeine intake may be reflective of the stability of daytime sleepiness. While we would expect daytime sleepiness to improve with increased circadian alignment, the effects may be diminished by increased media use in bed and decreased energy expenditure during the day. Given the observed relationships, current sleep hygiene interventions may require a focus on stimulus control and reducing time with media in bed.
Monitoring adherence in children with asthma

Abstract Poor adherence is a global health issue, affecting all chronic conditions and all age groups. Medications will only work if they are taken, and ongoing adherence to medication and treatment is difficult in chronic illness. Average adherence rates are approximately 50% in paediatric patients with asthma, and this can lead to poor disease control and an increase in morbidity. Thus, it is prudent to consider and discuss non-adherence, whether it be intentional or unintentional, to avoid unnecessary escalation of treatment. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of adherence and the importance of goal setting. We discuss the challenges in varying age-groups, and methods that can be incorporated in various settings to optimize adherence. We explore how the advent of e-health (the combination of healthcare and technology) has impacted upon our ability to monitor adherence.
Differences in Satisfaction? A Meta-Analytic Review of Interracial and Intraracial Relationships

Empirical investigations on whether there is a difference in relationship satisfaction for partners in interracial compared to intraracial relationships offer contradictory conclusions. The current...
The Human Rights Movement at U.S. Workplaces: Challenges and Changes

The concept of workers’ rights as human rights has only recently begun to influence the formation and implementation of labor policy in the United States. In the workplace, the growing human rights movement challenges long-held beliefs and practices in labor relations. The author explores this issue and its implications for U.S. labor policy and practice, focusing specifically on individual versus collective rights, exclusive representation, coverage of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), employer resistance to workers’ freedom of association, the right to strike, the statutory purposes of the NLRA, and the underpinnings of the traditional U.S. industrial relations system. These challenges also affect U.S. legal isolationism, the role of labor unions, the status and implementation of economic as well as civil and political rights, and the U.S. labor and employment relations research agenda.
WHO grade III meningioma: De novo tumors show improved progression free survival as compared to secondary progressive tumors.

Abstract Emerging evidence suggest WHO grade III meningiomas that arise de novo as opposed to dedifferentiating from a lower grade may harbor differing prognoses. To investigate this, a single institution retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired patients between 1999 and 2018 was performed. Clinical data and radiographic parameters were reviewed to calculate progression free survival and overall survival in patients undergoing microsurgical resection. Next generation targeted sequencing of meningioma associated genes was performed on 11 tumors. Eighteen patients were identified as undergoing surgical resection of WHO grade III meningioma. Nine patients (50%) had de novo arising tumors and nine patients had secondary progressive tumors. To compare outcomes, only those patients undergoing gross total resection (Simpson grade I) were included for survival analysis. There was an improvement in median progression free survival for de novo resected tumors as compared to secondary progressive tumors (p = 0.02). Median overall survival for patients with de novo tumors was not statistically improved compared to that of secondary progressive tumors (p = 0.22). Next generation sequencing of targeted genes (NF2, BAP1, TRAF7, KLF4, SMO and AKT) revealed 5/11 tumors containing mutations in the NF2 gene, 2/11 containing BAP1 mutations, and a single tumor containing mutations in both NF2 and TRAF7. More mutations in NF2 and BAP1 were seen in the secondary progressive tumors. In conclusion, patients undergoing gross total resection for de novo arising grade III meningiomas showed improved progression free survival, though similar overall survival, as compared to those patients with secondary progressive tumors. Further studies focused on tumor associated genes and other associated risk factors are needed to improve risk-stratification.
“You’re not here for the right reasons!” From The Bachelorette to Instagram Influencer

Despite vast research on reality television (RTV) and The Bachelor (2002) franchise specifically, most scholarship focuses on its appeal or negative impact on viewers. The inclusion of social media...
The Vascularized Fibular Graft in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis: Data, Dogma, and Controversies

In the debate about surgical treatment for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), no topic is more controversial than the use of the free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) as a standard treatment. Pioneered by Urbaniak in 1979, the FVFG represents a durable, biologic means of reconstructing the femoral head after removal of the osteonecrotic bone [1]. However, this technique has been criticized for its complexity and is only widely performed at several centers throughout the world. Small numbers of cases treated operatively, difficulty comparing uniform cases of ONFH, and the proclivity of many surgeons to utilize one particular operation have rendered direct comparison of FVFG to other techniques an unwieldy prospect [2]. What is agreed upon is that the goal of therapy should be to delay progression of osteonecrosis as well as repair it. This chapter will focus upon how the FVFG addresses these goals, how it performs, and how it compares – indirectly at least – with other options such as core decompression, tantalum rod instrumentation, nonvascularized bone grafting, and corrective osteotomies.