cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What does she expect when she dresses like that? Teacher interpretation of emerging adolescent female sexuality

When examining the experiences of adolescent girls, a study into the presumptions teachers have regarding female adolescent sexuality is a very important aspect to explore. This article presents the findings from a study we conducted with eleven middle- and high school teachers in a southeastern state from both rural and urban districts. In-depth interviews were conducted to determine how their experiences and perceptions impact their understanding of the emerging sexuality of students in their classrooms. Several findings emerged, including that girls continue to be placed in contradictory positions concerning sexuality, that adverse sexual labels continue to serve as a means of sexual harassment that many teachers do not recognize, and that perceptions of sexuality and acceptable behavior remain deeply embedded in race and class issues.
Valence effective Hamiltonian method for molecular fragments

Abstract The valence effective Hamiltonian method has been applied to the calculation of the electronic structures of molecular fragments. With increasing fragment size, charge densities and isolated orbital energies rapidly converge to those determined from a full molecule calculation.
Efficient image processing algorithms for enhanced desired gray-scale images

In this paper, we shall present a new method for generating enhanced images with a desired gray value distribution at real-time speeds. Unlike most conventional methods of image enhancement, the proposed approach allows the user to specify the gray value distribution of the enhanced image. We shall first discuss a generic model of signal transformation, and implement it in an off-the-shelf hardware for analog to digital conversion of image signals. Nonidealities of this hardware will also be considered. Simplifications of this general model are presented to gain computational speeds under 10 ms. The method also provides a range of permissible gray values that can be selected by the user. If the selections are outside the permissible range, the method provides guidelines to reconfigure the imaging conditions to generate the desired enhanced image. An analysis of measurement and quantization errors with constant and gaussian distributions of errors is also considered. Extensive experiments on a set of industrial parts for character recognition are conducted.
The determination of specific forms of aluminum in natural water

Abstract A procedure for analysis and pretreatment of natural-water samples to determine very low concentrations of Al is described which distinguishes the rapidly reacting equilibrium species from the metastable or slowly reacting macro ions and colloidal suspended material. Aluminum is complexed with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine), pH is adjusted to 8.3 to minimize interferences, and the aluminum oxinate is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) prior to analysis by atomic absorption. To determine equilibrium species only, the contact time between sample and 8-hydroxyquinoline is minimized. The Al may be extracted at the sample site with a minimum of equipment and the MIBK extract stored for several weeks prior to atomic absorption analysis. Data obtained from analyses of 39 natural groundwater samples indicate that filtration through a 0.1-μm pore size filter is not an adequate means of removing all insoluble and metastable Al species present, and extraction of Al immediately after collection is necessary if only dissolved and readily reactive species are to be determined. An average of 63% of the Al present in natural waters that had been filtered through 0.1-μm pore size filters was in the form of monomeric ions. The total Al concentration, which includes all forms that passed through a 0.1-μm pore size filter, ranged 2–70 μg/l. The concentration of Al in the form of monomeric ions ranged from below detection to 57 μg/l. Most of the natural water samples used in this study were collected from thermal springs and oil wells.
Solvent abuse associated pulmonary abnormalities.

Organic solvent inhalation leading to intoxication has become an important medical problem. Pulmonary function studies were performed on 42 young (ages 11-31) solvent inhalers and on 20 controls (ages 10-26). Ventilatory studies were normal in the majority, but residual volumes of inhalers were significantly higher (136.26% +/- 32.64% S.C.) than in controls (104% +/- 27.78% S.C.)--p less than 0.001. Lung tissue obtained at autopsy, from three known solvent inhalers was found to contain microscopic abnormalities similar to those seen in experimental panlobular emphysema and it is assumed these changes are consistent with increased residual volumes.
Separation and quantitation of phospholipids and lysophospholipids by high-performance liquid chromatography.

We describe a comprehensive approach to the separation, quantitation, and characterization of phospholipids and lysophospholipids present in complex biological samples. The central feature is a normal-phase HPLC separation of individual phospholipid and lysophospholipid classes. In this single chromatographic step, phospholipids and lysophospholipids are separated and recovered for quantitation by organic phosphate assay and characterization by acyl-group composition. Recovery of phospholipids and lysophospholipids from HPLC averages 80-90%. Isolated phospholipid and lysophospholipid fractions are available for separation of individual molecular species by second-dimension reverse-phase HPLC and characterization of individual molecular species by mass spectrometry.
The Impact of Vocabulary Instruction on Passage-Level Comprehension of School-Age Children: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract A meta-analysis of vocabulary interventions in grades pre-K to 12 was conducted with 37 studies to better understand the impact of vocabulary on comprehension. Vocabulary instruction was found to be effective at increasing students' ability to comprehend text with custom measures (d = 0.50), but was less effective for standardized measures (d = 0.10). When considering only custom measures, and controlling for method variables, students with reading difficulties (d = 1.23) benefited more than three times as much as students without reading problems (d = 0.39) on comprehension measures. Gains on vocabulary measures, however, were comparable across reading ability. In addition, the correlation of vocabulary and comprehension effects from studies reporting both outcomes was modest (r = .43).
Third Phase Formation Revisited: The U(VI), HNO3–TBP, n‐Dodecane System

Abstract In this work, the system U(VI), HNO3–tri‐n‐butylphosphate (TBP), n‐dodecane has been revisited with the objective of gaining information on the coordination chemistry and structural evolution of the species formed in the organic phase before and after third phase formation. Chemical analyses, spectroscopic and EXAFS data indicate that U(VI) is extracted as the UO2(NO3)2·2TBP adduct, while the third phase species have the average composition UO2(NO3)2·2TBP·HNO3. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on TBP solutions loaded with only HNO3 or with increasing amounts of U(VI) have revealed the presence, before phase splitting, of ellipsoidal aggregates with the major and minor axes up to about 64 and 15 A, respectively. The formation of these aggregates, very likely of the reverse micelle‐type, is observed in all cases, that is, when only HNO3, only UO2(NO3)2, or both HNO3 and UO2(NO3)2 are extracted by the TBP solution. Upon third phase formation, the SANS data reveal the presence of sm...
A new realization theory

A realization theory that is based on the Kalman system theory and motivated by the Fuhrmann realization theory is presented. In the Fuhrmann realization theory, the realization state-space is defined by a natural polynomial module K/sub Q/, which is related to a nonsingular polynomial matrix Q. The module K/sub Q/ is formed of all f where Q/sup -1/f is strictly proper. In the realization theory proposed, the realization state-space is defined by a different module M/sub Q/, which is formed of properly truncated, strictly proper formal power series of Q/sup -1/f. The realization theory can be used to prove the dual-realization scheme induced by the Fuhrmann realization theory. >
Hyperammonemia increases sensitivity to LPS

Metabolic and cognitive alterations occur during hyperammonemia. Here, we report that chronic hyperammonemia also leads to increased sensitivity to LPS. Sparse-fur mice were challenged i.p. with LPS or saline control and then tested for motivation to investigate a novel juvenile over 24 h. Cytokine, ammonia, and urea concentration were quantified at the peak of sickness (2 h post injection). Chronic hyperammonemic Otc(spf-ash) mice displayed more pronounced and prolonged sickness behavior in response to LPS (P=0.02). LPS significantly (P 0.1) were detected for any cytokine. Adult Otc(spf-ash) mice (168+/-41 microM) had four times higher plasma ammonia compared to wild type mice (40 +/- 6 microM) (P=0.002). Two hours after LPS injection, plasma ammonia concentrations tended (P=0.08) to decrease in both wild type and Otc(spf-ash) mice. Learning and memory behaviors were assessed in mice under basal conditions to determine the impact of chronic hyperammonemia on cognition. Otc(spf-ash) mice performed significantly poorer in the two trial Y-maze (P=0.02) and the Morris water maze (P=0.001) than their littermate wild type controls. Taken together, these data indicate that chronic hyperammonemia results in impaired cognition and creates a state of LPS hypersensitivity.
Why SANEs matter: models of care for sexual violence victims in the emergency department.

This study examines models of SANE service in the ED and quality of care. Nurse managers of all 82 EDs in Virginia were surveyed (RR 76%). Five models emerged: 1) No SANE services (27.4%); 2) Victims transferred off-site for services (14.5%); 3) Partial coverage of services by ED SANEs (16.1%); 4) SANEs called in from off-site (6.5%); and 5) full-coverage of services by ED SANEs (35.5%). Models 4 and 5 consistently provided a higher quality of care.
Enhancement of high optical harmonics by excess-photon ionisation

The authors show that structure produced in the ionisation continuum via multiphoton ionisation by an intense laser field of frequency omega enhances the generation of optical harmonics at frequencies omega /sub /k=(k0+k) omega , with k=0, 1, 2, . . ., where ionisation requires a minimum of k0 photons.
TWO YEARS' EXPERIENCE WITH ACETOHEXAMIDE.

Abstract Clinical trials were conducted with acetohexamide in 100 selected patients with diabetes for periods up to more than 2 years (average duration of treatment, 7 months). Satisfactory (good and fair) results were obtained in 66 patients. Secondary failure occurred in 1 case during the period of observation. Side effects were minimal and confined to gastrointestinal distress in 1 patient. Liver function tests were carried out in 35 patients. In 3 patients abnormal results were found; in 2 of these, the abnormalities had been present in control tests prior to acetohexamide treatment. In our selected patients, acetohexamide thus far appears to be a safe and effective oral hypoglycemic agent.
Case-wise policy analysis: Another look at the burden of high energy costs

Variable-wise analysis operates on columns of a typical data matrix, while case-wise analysis operates on rows. In the latter, each observation is construed in the context of all other observations on the same case, and the analysis is biased toward the definition of ideal types. This article explores the potential of case-wise policy analysis using survey data on the burden of high energy costs at the household level. The case-wise and variable-wise alternatives are associated with different policy goals and result in quite different priorities for allocating public assistance to households most in need. The article concludes with a discussion of reasons for institutionalizing the case-wise alternative through periodic data collection and reporting systems.
Pathological linear spaces and submeasures

Let K be a compact Hausdorff space and let )~ be a probability measure on K. We denote by Lo(K,2) the space of all Borel functions f:K--*N with the topology of convergence in measure. Lo(K, 2) is an F-space (complete metric topological vector space) if, as usual, we identify functions equal almost everywhere. Spaces of the type Lo(K,2 ) are probably the most studied examples of non-locally convex topological vector spaces. In spite of their bad reputation there is some evidence that they are in fact rather well-behaved spaces. Thus for a general topological vector space X it is often very useful to be able to produce nontrivial linear operators T:X--*Lo(K,2 ), in the same way as linear functionals facilitate the theory of locally convex spaces. We shall say that a point xeX is pathological it wherever T:X-*Lo(K, 2) is a continuous linear operator then Tx=O. X is pathological if every xsX is pathological. Note that if X is separable then it suffices in the definition to take K =(0, 1) with Lebesgue measure. The first example of a pathological F-space was given in 1973 by Christensen and Herer [3]. A more natural example is the space Lp/Hp where 0 < p < 1 (see [1, 5]). However the Christensen-Herer example also showed the connection with pathological submeasures. We recall that if d is an algebra of subsets of some abstract set L then a submeasure 4~:d--,lR is a map satisfying ~b(A)<_~b(AwB)<d~(A)+O(B) and th(O) = 0. 4~ is said to be pathological (see [3, 11]) if whenever 2 : d ~ N is a (finitelyadditive) measure with 0 <)~(A) < th(A) (At d ) then )~0. Now if S(~) denotes the space of all simple d-measurable functions f:L~IR, then S(~) can be topologized by the topology of convergence in @measure (functions differing only on a set of @measure zero are identified). The completion of S(~) in this topology may be denoted by A(~b). Then A(q~) is pathological
A large data base for music research: a progress report

This paper describes what is probably the largest data base developed to date for music research, specifically a file of the opening melodies (known as incipits) of Renaissance Italian polyphonic pieces, each assigned a discrete serial number along with information on composer, title, genre, source, and the researcher's initials. The file is open to all musicologists and is structured to permit additions, changes or deletions of incipts or whole compositions, from all repertories of Western music, past and present. The music representation (DARMS) used for encoding and entering melodies onto the data file is briefly described as well as the special music typography for the line printer unique to this project, which has been developed to print melodies in different arrangements and formats. With this data base and its I/O capabilities, it is possible to print camera-ready copy for book publications as well as maintain a computer file at Binghamton which is accessible to researchers. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of areas needing further research, including the use of interactive display terminals, a network for use by scholars, and mathematical studies of melody as wave form.
Gregory King's analysis of clerical livings for John Chamberlayne and the governors of Queen Anne's Bounty

This paper places before the reader a document by Gregory King. The document is an analysis of the value of clerical livings in England and Wales and is dated I 5 November I 7 I 0. King prepared the document for the secretary to the governors of the bounty of Queen Anne for the augmentation of the maintenance of the poor clergy. The document is of considerable value for the light that it throws upon the affairs of the bounty in i 71O. The document is also of value as a late example of King's political arithmetic. For these reasons the document deserves to be more widely known by historians. King's work on clerical livings is a piece of political arithmetic. The phrase 'political arithmetic' was in general use in Britain by the early eighteenth century.' The phrase was of seventeenth-century origin, but the idea that statesmen should make wise use of arithmetic was a very old commonplace. The seventeenth-century phrase 'political arithmetic' denoted a conduct of policy by statesmen who took care to know the numbers of people and of wealth.2 The phrase meant the policy itself, the work of statesmen, and not the collection of data. That last was the work of lesser hands. The distinction between policy, on the one hand, and the collection of data, on the other, was important to Gregory King and was reflected in his remark in the present document that policy is not his province, but the distinction is seldom made by later writers. Twentieth-century writers do not usually retain the distinction between policy and discourse. 'Political arithmetic' names now the writing or discourse produced by those who collected data on wealth and population. In this later sense, Gregory King was one of the most important British practitioners of political arithmetic. King was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, in i648 and died in London in I 7I 2. He was a herald and government servant. He assisted Robert Harley in a number of capacities in the early I 6gos, and in I 696 King produced for Harley the now famous Natural and political observations on the state and condition of England. This document was an attempt at a comprehensive estimate of the numbers of people and of wealth in England in i 688. King did not publish his work. Some of King's data were
Propagation and guiding of intense laser pulses in plasmas

A two-dimensional, axisymmetric, relativistic fluid model describing the propagation of intense laser pulses in plasmas is formulated and numerically evaluated. Relativistic guiding is ineffective in preventing the diffractive spreading of short laser pulses and long pulses become modulated due to relativistic and wake-field effects. Laser pulses can be propagated over many Rayleigh lengths by use of a performed plasma density channel or by tailoring the pulse profile. Ultrahigh axial electric fields can be generated behind the laser pulse.
Differential expression of low molecular weight form of Gs-α in neostriatum and cerebellum: correlation with expression of calmodulin-independent adenylyl cyclase

Abstract Adenylyl cyclase of neostriatal plasma membranes is far less responsive to stimulation by Ca2+/calmodulin than is the enzyme from cerebellum. When these tissues were investigated with antibodies against known G-proteins, no difference could be detected in any G-protein species, other than Gs. Whereas the cerebellum expressed predominantly the large form of Gs-α, the neostriatum expressed mainly lower molecular weight forms. The possibility is considered that there is selective association between lower molecular weight forms of Gs and calmodulin-independent forms of adenylyl cyclase.
Anomalous isotopic concentrations in the sea off Southern California

Measurements are reported of the 10Be concentrations in 15 sediments from the sea off southern California. The sedimentation patterns are modelled with a two component system, one component having the high 10Be concentration of pelagic sediment and the other the low concentration of continental runoff. The pelagic component, brought to the region by the California Current with the Pacific Ocean as reservoir, is very likely the source not only of anomalously high 10Be deposition but also of similar effects with 2101Pb, 239,240pu and 241Pu.
Factor analysis of persistent postconcussive symptoms within a military sample with blast exposure

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the factor structure of persistent postconcussive syndrome symptoms in a blast-exposed military sample and validate factors against objective and symptom measures. SETTING:: Veterans Affairs medical center and military bases. PARTICIPANTS:: One hundred eighty-one service members and veterans with at least 1 significant exposure to blast during deployment within the 2 years prior to study enrollment. DESIGN:: Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses of the Rivermead Postconcussion Questionnaire. MAIN MEASURES:: Rivermead Postconcussion Questionnaire, PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) Symptom Checklist-Civilian, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, Sensory Organization Test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, California Verbal Learning Test, and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System subtests. RESULTS:: The 3-factor structure of persistent postconcussive syndrome was not confirmed. A 4-factor structure was extracted, and factors were interpreted as reflecting emotional, cognitive, visual, and vestibular functions. All factors were associated with scores on psychological symptom inventories; visual and vestibular factors were also associated with balance performance. There was no significant association between the cognitive factor and neuropsychological performance or between a history of mild traumatic brain injury and factor scores. CONCLUSION:: Persistent postconcussive symptoms observed months after blast exposure seem to be related to 4 distinct forms of distress, but not to mild traumatic brain injury per se, with vestibular and visual factors possibly related to injury of sensory organs by blast. Language: en
FACTIONS, COALITIONS, AND POWER IN THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

This paper examines the relationship between ideological factions operating on the House floor and the ideological makeup of the three most important House committees between 1931 and 1994. The data show that the strength of the conservative coalition and party-unity voting on the House floor are related to the size and influence of the ideological factions that make up the Appropriations, Rules, and Ways and Means Committees. This paper makes two important contributions to the congress literature: 1) it shifts the emphasis from parties and individual lawmakers to ideological factions and factional coalitions as the units of analysis, and 2) it suggests that we need to examine the House floor and prestige committees together, rather than as separate entities, in order to understand legislative outcomes in the House.
Developments in structural analysis by direct energy minimization.

The equivalence of problems in structural analysis to certain variational statements has traditionally been used as a means of formulating field equations and natural boundary conditions. In recent years developments in computers and minimization algorithms have made it possible to determine the displacement state that satisfies the variational principle without direct recourse to the solution of a system of equations. In this paper an unconstrained minimization approach is applied to a problem in finite-element structural analysis and is shown numerically to be competitive with conventional methods. Adopting an energyminimization viewpoint, important storage advantages of the conjugate-gradient method are extended by eliminating the need for an assembled stiffness matrix. The convergence of conjugate direction methods in quadratic problems is shown to be greatly influenced by scale effects. This problem is studied using the eigenvalues of the stiffness matrix and a practical solution is proposed which by a special scaling transformation can improve the ratio of the maximum to the minimum eigenvalue by several orders of magnitude. This transformation is applied with considerable success to a plate-bending problem.
Crystallization of PLA/Thermoplastic Starch Blends

Abstract In this paper, the crystallization of PLA in PLA/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends was investigated. The TPS was used as the minor component at a concentration varying between 0 and 42 %. ...
Efficient ethos in Shane, with a proposal for discriminating among kinds of ethos

Though rhetoric is not often used as a means of thinking about other things, rhetorical canons and relationships can, for example, provide a way of describing the nature of the hero. A description of the hero so devised can, in turn, provide a starting place in the exploration of different kinds of ethos. The hero in Shane makes a perfect economy; fully utilizing his inventive world, he is capable of all the structures and styles it makes possible, though he cannot go into a new world. He is an efficient ethos, as distinct from other tentatively‐identified types, the gratifying ethos, the functional ethos, and the generative ethos.
Pairing phase transitions in nuclear wave functions

The exact solution of the nuclear shell model is used for studying the phase transition from superfluid to normal Fermi-liquid as a function of the pairing strength, excitation energy (or temperature), nuclear spin and the presence of other types of residual interactions. The phase transition in a finite system is seen through the change of properties of individual wave functions.
The thermodynamics of several elements at high pressure

Abstract We have used the CALPHAD-compatible equation of state (EOS) based on the explicit Gibbs free energy concept for the solid state of ten important elements: V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W (groups VB and VIB), Pd, Pt (group VIIIB) and Cu, Ag and Au (group IB). The new formulation uses SGTE data for ambient pressure and converges to the quasi-harmonic model at the limit of extreme pressure to calculate the Gibbs free energy as a function of pressure and temperature. The model is based on the available pressure–volume–temperature ( P V T ) data on the elements and can be usefully extrapolated to extreme pressures. When compared to shock wave data, the modeled EOS holds well, but the fit is not totally satisfactory in the ultrahigh-pressure range. A great advantage of this formulation is that it can be used to calculate thermodynamic properties such as the heat capacity and entropy at very high temperatures and pressures.
Fermat's theorem as a corollary to the multinomial theorem

The multinomial theorem and a basic property of multinomial coefficients yield a way of counting the number of chains of coloured beads of a fixed length where each colour can be used repeatedly. This coupled with a simple counting argument forms a concise proof of Fermat's theorem.
CHANGING PATTERNS IN COMPETING CAUSES OF DEATH IN MEN WITH PROSTATE CANCER: A POPULATION BASED STUDY

ABSTRACTPurpose:: We examined trends in hospitalization and death in men with prostate cancer to determine whether outcomes have changed with time in men diagnosed and treated for this disorder.Materials and Methods:: A population based cohort study of 180,973 patients with prostate cancer in the 1979 to 1996 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry and 450,448 admissions in the 1987 to 1996 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked database were analyzed. ORs derived from logistic regression were used to assess time trends in mortality and hospitalization. Multinominal logistic regression was used to obtain the adjusted proportions of deaths due to various causes in different years.Results:: In men with prostate cancer the risk of death from cancer was 39.7% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.66), which was lower in 1995 to 1996 than in 1979 to 1980. Decreases in prostate cancer death were greater than those in cardiovascular disorders (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.92) and...
In vitro Corrosion and in vivo Marginal Fracture of Dental Amalgams

The relationship between in vitro corrosion and in vivo marginal fracture of dental amalgams has been studied. The potentiodynamic cyclic polarization technique has been used to determine the in vitro corrosion index. The marginal fracture data have been obtained from previous clinical studies reported by three independent research groups. A linear regression analysis has been employed to determine the degree of correlation between in vitro and in vivo data. Depending on the method of corrosion index measurement and the source of clinical data, correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 (p < 01) have been obtained.
Intrauterine gastric perforation

We describe a case of intrauterine gastric perforation in a 31-week gestational age baby girl. The patient presented at birth with abdominal distension, respiratory distress, and massive pneumoperitoneum on radiography. The perforation was managed by resuscitation, celiotomy, and gastrostomy tube placement through the site of perforation. This is the second report of an intrauterine gastric perforation in the literature.
Near-wall LES closure based on one-dimensional turbulence modeling

A novel near-wall LES closure model is developed based on a revised form of the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model of Kerstein and is tested by performing LES calculations of turbulent channel flow at Reynolds numbers based on friction velocity ranging from 395 to 10,000. In contrast to previous models, which invoke Reynolds averaging, near-wall velocity fluctuations and turbulent transport are simulated down to the smallest scales, and can be compared directly to DNS data. Thus, the approach provides more than just a boundary condition. Rather, it is itself a complete (although simplified) model for the wall-normal profiles of velocity within the near-wall region. LES/ODT coupling is bi-directional and occurs both through the direct calculation of the subgrid turbulent stress by temporally and spatially filtering the ODT-resolved momentum fluxes (up-scale coupling), and through the LES-resolved pressure and velocities impacting the ODT behavior (down-scale coupling). The formulation involves finely resolved ODT lines that are embedded within each wall-adjacent LES cell - denoted the inner region. LES cells that are within approximately one LES filter width of the inner region belong to an overlap region where both ODT and LES modeling is active. All other cells are treated using a standard LES approach. Although more expensive than simpler models, the cost of the model relative to the LES portion of the simulation scales favorably with problem size, leading to computationally affordable simulations even at relatively high Reynolds numbers.
Ultrastructural features of mitosis inLeishmania adleri

The interphase nucleus ofLeishmania adleri has clumps of chromatin associated with the nuclear envelope and a large centrally located nucleolus. Prior to mitosis the basal bodies replicate at the cell anterior. Subsequently, dense plaques appear in the equatorial region of the nucleus at the time of spindle development. Microtubules appear in the nucleus adjacent to the nuclear envelope and embedded in the matrix of the plaques. A central spindle composed of a single bundle of microtubules develops and spans the nucleus. Plaques and nucleolar components laterally associate with the spindle and migrate towards the poles. The central spindle elongates to three to four times its original length separating the forming daughter nuclei and producing an interzonal spindle. A remnant of the interzonal spindle remains attached to each of the daughter nuclei until late into cytokinesis. The kinetoplast does not divide until after the completion of mitosis.
Laterality for stereognostic accuracy of children for words, shapes, and bigrams: a sex difference for bigrams

Children identified nonsense shapes by touch better with their left hand and words better with their right hand. Bigrams were processed by boys as shapes and by girls as words, which suggests a sexual dimorphism of brain functioning for bigrams. A relative specialization of the hemisphere for stereognostic processing is also suggested, since the accuracy of identification by both hands was greater than chance for all three types of stimuli.
A statistical evaluation of the ecology of yeasts in polluted water.

The ecological relationships between yeasts and factors in three freshwater environments with different types of pollution were investigated using a computerized stepwise regression analysis. Fifteen different pollution parameters were correlated with the total yeast population, six genera, and the species of yeasts from the three locations.
Kinetics of Drug Action in Disease States XI: Effect of Nicotine on the Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Phenobarbital and Ethanol in Rats

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the reported prolongation of barbiturate–and ethanol-induced sleeping times by nicotine in rodents are pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic interactions. Adult female rats were pretreated with nicotine, either 0.5 or 1.5 mg/kg ip acutely or 0.5 mg/kg ip daily for 6 d, whereas control animals received saline solution. Phenobarbital or ethanol was infused intravenously at a slow rate until the rats lost their righting reflex. Acute pretreatment with nicotine reduced significantly the serum, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of phenobarbital and ethanol, respectively, at the onset of the loss of the righting reflex. Chronic pretreatment with nicotine had no such potentiating effects, indicative of rapid development of tolerance to nicotine. Neither acute nor chronic pretreatment with nicotine had any apparent effect on the elimination kinetics of phenobarbital or ethanol, on biochemical indices of hepatic integrity and renal function, or on the permeability of the blood–CSF barrier to protein. Nicotine, unlike morphine, did not increase the nociceptive threshold (tail squeeze) of rats under the experimental conditions. It is concluded that acute, but not chronic, pretreatment with nicotine increases the sensitivity of rats to the hypnotic effects of phenobarbital and ethanol, respectively. These interactions are entirely pharmacodynamic and have no apparent pharmacokinetic component.
The new cholesterol and blood pressure guidelines: perspective on the path forward.

After much delay, deliberation, and drama, the long-awaited updates of the cholesterol and blood pressure guidelines were released during the last 6 months.1,2 These guidelines were intended to distill the wisdom that emerged since the last versions of these authoritative documents were released more than a decade ago. In 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) appointed some of the nation’s top experts to these respective committees and provided guidance throughout almost the entirety of their 5-year development. These documents were designed to provide instructions to the nation and the world about how to manage these common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The decision by the NIH not to oversee the final release of the documents only intensified the interest in them.
Pairwise Proximity-Based Features for Test Escape Screening

Test escapes are chips that pass the chip-level test program but fail system-level test or in the field. It is known that statistical analysis based on chip production test data could identify abnormalities for screening test escapes. It has also been shown that from the chip test data, we can generate revealing features for statistical analysis by comparing the measurement data to different references such as the measurement mean of a wafer, the spatial pattern of a wafer, and the measurements of neighboring chips. Given these existing features as the base features, this paper proposes a new class of transformations which could generate additional informative features based on pairwise proximities between chips on the same wafer. Specifically, we apply multiple distance functions in a feature space composed of the base features and calculate the corresponding pairwise proximities between each pair of chips. Each of the resulting proximities could potentially embed some unique information that reveals the abnormalities of some test escapes. Then we convert the proximities into Euclidean vector spaces using constant shift embedding (CSE), which preserves the cluster structure through the conversion, so that traditional outlier analysis algorithms such as local outlier factor (LOF) can be applied. The LOF value and the first dimension in each embedded space are used as additional features for each sample. These new features, jointly analyzed with the base features, provide more revealing information about test escapes and thus further improve the test escape detection rate in our experiment based on production test data.
'The Hole in the Wall': Sacred Space and 'Third Space' in The Family of Love

A city comedy of disputed authorship, The Family of Love deals with the spatial constitution of the sacred. Familists convene in a seedy London inn, dubbed the 'Hole in the Wall,' and, under the direction of a female leader, dispense with traditional sacred space and its ceremonies in rituals of carnal communion. This essay examines the role of the theater in re-imagining spatial paradigms of the sacred in the aftermath of religious reformations. The stage provides what historian of religion J. Z. Smith has termed a 'third space' where hegemonic and nonconformist models of sacred space meet up and are modified in an attempt at the spatial accommodation of dissent. In its function as a 'third space', the theater opens up the marginal 'Hole in the Wall' to public view; the play concludes with a validation of the Family’s unorthodox spiritual and spatial arrangements, now under masculine leadership.
High performance NEMS resonant infrared detector based on an aluminum nitride nano-plate resonator

This paper reports on the first demonstration of an ultra-fast (thermal time constant of 1.4 ms) and low detection limit (Noise Equivalent Power, NEP of 2.4 nW/Hz1/2) Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (NEMS) resonant infrared (IR) detector based on an aluminum nitride (AlN) nano-plate resonator (NPR). A Si3N4 thin film (100 nm thick) long wavelength IR absorber (LWIR of 8-14 μm) was integrated with an ultra-thin AlN (250 nm thick) NPR working at a higher order lateral-extensional mode (resonance frequency of 196.6 MHz), resulting in a high electromechanical performance (quality factor Q = 1062 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kt2 = 1.62%), NEMS resonant structure with unique IR detection capabilities.
An eigenstructure based nonparametric algorithm to estimate the frequencies of two sinusoids in white noise

An algorithm for estimating the frequencies of two sinusoids in white noise is presented. The method uses the eigenvectors of the estimated autocorrelation matrix (ACM) to yield the signal vectors. Since the signal and the eigenvectors span the same space, one can be obtained from the other through a linear transformation. The coefficients of the linear combination are derived as the eigenvectors of a 2*2 matrix whose elements are a function of the signal power, ACM dimension, and the angle between the two signal vectors. A method for estimating the unknown angle between the signal vectors is described. Knowledge of this angle completely determines the 2*2 matrix whose eigenvectors then yield the signal vectors. A periodogram can now be used to estimate the unknown frequencies from each signal vector. The method has the attractive property of separating a two-sinusoid problem into two single-sinusoid problems. Simulation results that describe the performance of this algorithm at low signal-to-noise ratios are presented. >
Economics of Education: A Research Agenda.

Abstract The paper presents a systematic taxonomy of research areas in the economics of education and gives a number of key topics that deserve more research attention in the future. Emphasis is put on documenting the unit cost of education at different schooling levels and curriculum types, along with the learning and earning outcomes of education. Evidence on the costs and benefits, from both the private and the social point of view, can lead to efficiency and equity assessments of an educational system. Among topics where the research effort should be intensified are the screening hypothesis, measuring education externalities and the quality of schooling.
Remote ischemic preconditioning immediately before percutaneous coronary intervention does not impact myocardial necrosis, inflammatory response, and circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts: A single center randomized sham controlled trial

Aims: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is frequently accompanied by myocardial injury. The present study was performed to determine whether remote ischemic preconditioning (IP) induces cardioprotection during PCI. Methods: We enrolled 95 patients requiring nonemergency PCI for stable disease or unstable angina into this prospective clinical trial. Patients were randomized to either remote IP (induced by three 3-min cycles of blood pressure cuff inflations to 200 mm Hg around the upper arm, followed by 3-min of reperfusion n = 47) or sham control (n = 48) immediately preceding PCI. The primary outcome measure was the frequency of post-PCI myonecrosis, defined as a peak postprocedural cTnT T ≥0.03 ng/dL. Secondary outcome measures were the change in plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels following PCI and in endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) counts following IP. Results: There was no difference in the primary endpoint of the frequency of PCI related myonecrosis which occurred in 22 (47%) and 19 (40%) patients in the remote IP and control groups, respectively, P = 0.42. There was significant increase in hsCRP post-PCI in both groups (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the groups (median %change in hsCRP 46% vs. 54%, P = 0.73). There was no significant change in circulating early (CD34 −/CD133+/KDR+), intermediate (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+), or late (CD34+/CD133−/KDR+) EPC in the two groups immediately following IP. The composite rate of death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization at 1 year was 14.1% versus 13.7% (P = 0.90). Conclusions: Our study indicates that remote IP immediately before PCI does not induce cardioprotection in low to moderate risk patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Basic Needs Theory investigation of adolescents' physical self-concept and global self-esteem

This investigation tested a Basic Needs Theory (BNT) model of physical self-concept with urban adolescents participating in high school physical education (PE). Direct relationships among autonomy support in PE, overall need satisfaction in PE, physical self-concept, and global self-esteem were tested in the model. The mediating roles of overall need satisfaction and physical self-concept were also tested. High school students (N = 1022) completed questionnaires pertaining to autonomy support, need satisfaction, physical self-concept, and global self-esteem. Results from structural equation modeling revealed a good fit of the data to the hypothesized model. In the structural model all direct associations were significant and overall need satisfaction fully mediated the relationships between autonomy support and physical self-concept and autonomy support and global self-esteem. Physical self-concept was a partial mediator in the relationship between overall need satisfaction and global self-esteem. The ove...
Magneto-optical study of shallow donors in transmutation-doped GaAs

Lineshapes and peak positions of ls→2p-1 donor transitions in epitaxial GaAs samples of relatively low compensation have been studied as functions of magnetic field by use of photoconductivity measurements. Some of these samples were produced by transmutation doping using thermal neutrons—a method which is useful for the controlled introduction of donor impurities in GaAs. Two new effects, tentatively attributed to van der Waals interactions between neutral donor atoms, are observed: (1) although both Se and Ge donors are introduced by thermal neutron transmutation, the Se line is much broader than the Ge line, and (2) deviations from isolated donor behavior occur in the magnetic field dependence of the chemical shift of the shallowest donor present. The separation of lines from two deeper donors, Ge and Si, verified the simple phenomenological theory of the magnetic field dependence of central cell corrections of isolated donors up to at least 10 T.
Biology and Genetics of Prion Diseases

Enriching fractions from Syrian hamster (SHa) brain for scrapie prion infectivity led to the discovery of the prion protein (PrP). Prion diseases include scrapie of sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) of cattle, as well as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) of humans. Discovery of mutations in the PrP genes of humans with familial CJD, GSS, and FFI established that prion diseases are both genetic and infectious. Many lines of evidence have converged to argue that infectious prions are composed largely, if not entirely, of PrPSc molecules. Mice overexpressing mutant and wild-type transgenes develop neurologic illnesses spontaneously and produce prions as demonstrated by serial transmission of disease in rodents after inoculation of brain extracts. Although these and many other findings argue that prions are devoid of nucleic acid, the molecular basis of prion strains remains enigmatic. The formation of PrPSc from PrPC is a posttranslational process involving the conversion of alpha-helices into beta-sheets. This conformational change in PrP appears to be the fundamental event that underlies prion propagation and the pathogenesis of prion diseases. The unique features of prion structure and propagation differentiate prions from all other transmissible pathogens.
Factors related to sexual behaviors and sexual education programs for Asian-American adolescents.

article i nfo Aim: To understand the influential factors related to sexual behaviors among Asian-American adolescents and to evaluate common factors across successful sexual education programs for this population. Background: Despite a rapid increase in cases of STIs/HIV among Asian-American populations, there remains a need for a comprehensive understanding of the influential factors related to risky sexual behaviors for this population. Methods:An integrative literature review was conducted.Peer-reviewed articles and government resources were analyzed. Results: Five influential factors were identified: family-centered cultural values, parental relationship, ac- culturation, gender roles, and lack of knowledge and information about sex and STIs. Only two sexual edu- cational programs met the inclusion criteria and provided evidence towards effectiveness: Safer Choices and Seattle Social Development Project. Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate an urgent need for culturally sensitive sexual education pro- grams that incorporate the identified influential factors, especially cultural values in order to reduce risky sexual behaviors among Asian-American adolescents.
Parameterized system design

Continued growth in chip capacity has led to new methodologies stressing reuse, not only of pre-designed processing components, but even of entire pre-designed architectures. To be used across a variety of applications, such architectures must be heavily parameterized, so they can adapt to those applications' differing constraints by trading off power, performance and size. We describe several parameterized system design issues, and provide results showing how a single architecture with easily configurable parameters can support a wide range of tradeoffs.
Achieving medical device EMC: the role of regulations, standards, guidelines and publications

Many organizations around the world are working to improve EMC of electrical and electronic medical devices. Anecdotal evidence indicates that medical device manufacturers and healthcare providers are becoming increasingly knowledgeable and diligent regarding medical device EMI and EMC. Existing and new wireless services and other sources of electromagnetic disturbance (EMD) continue to proliferate; however at the same time, there is continuing development of regulations, standards, guidelines and publications that are intended to help prevent EMI and promote EMC and that can be applied to the safe use of RF sources and medical devices in hospitals. This paper provides a critical overview of the impact of such regulations, standards, guidelines and publications and their role in minimizing EMI malfunctions in healthcare. It also provides a bibliography that lists many of these important works.