cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Detection and Measurement of Colour Change in Paintings by Digital Image Processing

A system has been developed by which colour changes may be detected and measured over the whole surface of a painting. The equipment, which comprises a solid state camera, frame store and computer has been used to acquire, correct and compare colour separation images of paintings.
Circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide a non-invasive, repeatable snapshot of an individual patient’s tumor. In prostate cancer, CTC enumeration has been extensively studied and validated as a prognostic tool and has received FDA clearance for use in monitoring advanced disease. More recently, CTC analysis has been shifting from enumeration to more sophisticated molecular characterization of captured cells, which serve as a “liquid biopsy” of the tumor, reflecting molecular changes in an individual’s malignancy over time. Here we will review the main CTC studies in advanced and localized prostate cancer, highlighting the important gains as well as the challenges posed by various approaches, and their implications for advancing prostate cancer management.
Mild method for bulk enrichment of high-aspect ratio SWNTs

This manuscript presents an effective method for the removal of amorphous carbon, metal catalyst particles and bundled SWNTs, while leaving long/undamaged SWNTs in aqueous suspension. This involves multiple centrifuge cycles at low rotational centrifugal force (RCF), facilitating the formation of suspensions of pristine SWNTs with lengths up to 5 μm. Electrical characterization of deposits formed from these suspensions demonstrates the efficacy of this purification technique for creation of thin-film semiconductive materials. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Validating vehicle routing zone construction using Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract The primary purpose of this paper is to validate a clustering procedure used to construct contiguous vehicle routing zones (VRZs) in metropolitan regions. Given a set of customers with random demand for pickups and deliveries over the day, the goal of the design problem is to cluster the customers into zones that can be serviced by a single vehicle. Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the feasibility of the zones with respect to package count and tour time. For each replication, a separate probabilistic traveling salesman problem (TSP) is solved for each zone. For the case where deliveries must precede pickups, a heuristic approach to the TSP is developed and evaluated, also using Monte Carlo simulation. In the testing, performance is measured by overall travel costs and the probability of constraint violations. Gaps in tour length, tour time and tour cost are the measure used when comparing exact and heuristic TSP solutions. To test the methodology, a series of experiments were conducted using data provided by a leading shipping carrier for the Pittsburgh area. Currently, the region is divided into 73 VRZs, compared to 64 indicated by the clustering procedure. The simulation results showed that a redesign would yield approximately $334,360 in annual savings without any noticeable deterioration in service. In addition, when the heuristic TSP model was solved in place of the exact model, the average gap in tour duration increased by only 0.16 hours and 0.2 hours for the cases of 73 clusters and 64 clusters, respectively, indicating a small upward bias. However, runtimes decreased by almost 70%.
Torsades de pointes induced by erythromycin and terfenadine.

Torsades de pointes is a form of ventricular tachycardia characterized by QRS complexes of changing amplitude that seem to twist around the isoelectric line.’ First described by Dessertenne,’ torsades de pointes has been classified into two categories. Torsades associated with prolongation of the QTc interval and torsades associated with a normal QTc interval.3 Morphologically similar torsades de pointes occurring in patients without QTc prolongation is considered a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and not torsades de pointes.4 Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with QTc prolongation can be caused by electrolyte imbalance, such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia, can be related to sinus bradycardia, and can be drug induced. Type Ia antiarrhythmic agents such as quinidine, procainamide, and disopyramide are commonly responsible for lengthening the QTc interval and provoking episodes of torsades that may be manifested by syncope.s-9 Some other medications that have been implicated are: neuroleptic agents,“.” tricyclic antidepressants,” erythromycin,13 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,‘4 astemizole.‘5 and terfenadine. K”
“Profile” analysis of the personality characteristics of child molesters using the MMPI‐2

Identification of child sexual molesters has been attempted for at least half a century without success. This is due, in part, to the heterogeneity of child molesters. Child sexual molesters were studied in three ways. First, a discriminant function analysis was conducted to evaluate how well the MMPI-2 would distinguish child molesters from controls. Hit rates of 81% and 88% were found for clinical scales alone and the clinical and supplemental scales, respectively. Second, a cluster analysis of MMPI-2 data identified four groups that resembled clusters found previously with the MMPI. Third, when followed in treatment, all subgroups achieved significant progress ratings and no significant difference in treatment progress was found between clusters.
Time-resolved XRD study on the thermal decomposition of nickel-based layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Abstract Structural changes for a series of nickel based layer structured cathode materials during heating from 25 to 450 °C in the presence of electrolyte were studied using time-resolved X-ray diffraction (XRD). These samples were electrochemically delithiated to Li 0.33 NiO 2 , Li 0.27 Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 , and Li 0.2 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 . The structural changes of all these three samples follow a same trend, first convert from a layered structure to a disordered spinel structure, then the disordered spinel phase transforms to the NiO-like phase as the temperature increases. However, the onset temperature of the thermal decomposition reactions strongly depends on the nickel content of the material. The lower the nickel content, the higher the decomposition temperature. At the end of heating at 450 °C, the metallic nickel structure was observed only for Li 0.33 NiO 2 sample.
Relation of pantothenic acid to white blood cell response of rats following stress.

SummaryThe responses of white blood cells and lymphocytes following swimming and following ACTH were compared in rats on a complete diet, in rats on a pantothenic acid deficient diet, and following swimming only in rats recovering from a period of pantothenic acid deficiency. A typical lymphopenia occurred 2 hours after either swimming or ACTH in rats on the complete diet. This response was partially abolished following either swimming or ACTH in the rats on the pantothenate deficient diet. In rats recovering from pantothenate deficiency, there was an increase in lymphocytes 2 hours after swimming followed by a decrease at 4 hours. These results are interpreted as a reflection of the changes in the adrenal cortex induced by pantothenic acid deficiency.
Intracaval Germ Cell Tumor Thrombus

A 24-year-old male with mixed germ cell tumor after orchiectomy received chemotherapy for abdominal and thoracic lymphadenopathy. Follow-up imaging revealed residual disease in the retroperitoneum as well as thrombus within his inferior vena cava. At surgery, the mass was palpable within the inferior vena cava. After vascular control both proximal and distal to the intraluminal mass, a cavotomy allowed extraction of the thrombus. Final pathologic evaluation of the mass revealed mature teratoma. The surgeon must remain vigilant to the possibility of caval thrombus and be prepared for surgical removal in the cases of advanced germ cell tumors.
Research and Solutions: Institutionalizing Campus-Wide Sustainability: A Programmatic Approach

Sustainability programs at universities follow surprisingly parallel development tracks, even though each institution offers its own unique set of challenges, goals, obstacles, funding sources, and...
Agoraphobia, Erwin Straus and phenomenological psychopathology

Abstract A phenomenological approach to psychopathology is illustrated through an inquiry into the meanings of agoraphobia. A classical and a contemporary phenomenological comprehension are presented. Utilizing the thought of Erwin Straus, the classical approach articulates the problem in terms of lived body and spatiality. the contemporary version suggests the necessity of combining existential and psychoanalytic understandings to be faithful to the phenomenon as disclosed in clinical praxis. General implications for a contemporary phenomenological psychopathology are discussed.
Survival of children with neuroblastoma treated with combination chemotherapy

Survival of a group of children with neuroblastoma treated with vincristine and cyclophosphamide was compared retrospectively with that of a group which received only alkylating agents. The children receiving the combination had a longer median survival. The mortality rate was not reduced for those over 2 years of age but all 5 children under age 2, including 4 with systemic tumor, are living without evidence of disease for periods of 1 to 5 years.
Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Particulate Matter–Induced Human Lung Endothelial Barrier Disruption via Combined Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Akt Activation

Exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, although the pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that particulate matter (PM) exposure triggers massive oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), resulting in the loss of EC integrity and lung vascular hyperpermeability. We investigated the protective role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gaseous molecule present in the circulation, on PM-induced human lung EC barrier disruption and pulmonary inflammation. Alterations in EC monolayer permeability, as reflected by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and murine pulmonary inflammatory responses, were studied after exposures to PM and NaSH, an H2S donor. Similar to N-acetyl cysteine (5 mM), NaSH (10 μM) significantly scavenged PM-induced EC ROS and inhibited the oxidative activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Concurrent with t...
Prestack Waveform Inversion- the Present State And the Road Ahead

Prestack waveform inversion (PWI) is one of the emerging technologies for reservoir characterization. inversion uses the full wavefield information in modeling engine allowing the models to be sub-wavelength resolutions. Consequently, PWI much more accurate inversion result compared to the conventional amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) based inversions. PWI have been successfully applied in the recent past in a variety of applications such as obtaining an accurate velocity of the water-column for predicting ocean temperatures (Padhi et al, 2010), characterization of hydrocarbon reservoirs (Mallick, 1999; Sen among others), and predicting drilling hazards (Mallick and Dutta, 2002). Prestack waveform inversion (P-wave) and multicomponent seismic data are available (Mallick, 2000).
Rare-earth iron-compound (Terfenol)-based optical phase modulator/magnetometer for use in fiber optic smart-structure sensors

A new fiber optic magnetostrictive phase modulator/magnetometer utilizing the highly magnetostrictive rare-earth iron compound TbxDy1-xFe2 is demonstrated to have a high sensitivity, dynamic range, minimum field detectability, and a better structural suitability than metallic glasses. The experimental linear phase shifting coefficient was 1.102 rad/Vp-m with the corresponding phase shift normalized to the magnetic field of 0.306 rad/G- m. A minimum detectable phase shift of better than 1 (mu) rad was obtained, which corresponds to 2 (mu) G/m for a 4 Hz bandwidth and 1 (mu) G/Hz1/2 per meter of fiber interaction length. The projected minimum detectable magnetic field for 30 meters is thus seen to be 3 pT/Hz1/2.
Large field visualization with demand-driven calculation

Presents a system designed for the interactive definition and visualization of fields derived from large data sets: the Demand-Driven Visualizer (DDV). The system allows the user to write arbitrary expressions to define new fields, and then apply a variety of visualization techniques to the result. Expressions can include differential operators and numerous other built-in functions. Determination of field values, both in space and in time, is directed automatically by the demands of the visualization techniques. The payoff of following a demand-driven design philosophy throughout the visualization system becomes particularly evident when working with large time-series data, where the costs of eager evaluation alternatives can be prohibitive.
One-dimensional Ising model with long-range interaction☆

Abstract We have solved exactly a one-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising chain with a nearest-neighbour interaction together with a very-long-range weak interaction. The solution obtained by the self-consistent field method is found to be the same as that by the combinatorial method.
Impact of Road Conditions and Disruption Uncertainties on Network Vulnerability

Researchers have studied the vulnerability of roadway systems to disasters, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters. However, the literature has not explicitly addressed other factors, such as infrastructure condition, that can significantly affect the vulnerability of roadway systems. In this study, the authors developed an algorithmic framework to address how the condition of a roadway network affects its vulnerability to disruptions. The vulnerability of the network was computed with respect to two measures: network efficiency and vehicle miles of travel. The results show that the average condition of the roadways in the network, the difference between the conditions of the roads, the uncertainties associated with road disruption probabilities, and link topological positions affect the roadway vulnerability.
Transnasal Removal of a Biliary Endoprosthesis with Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Catheter Replacement

The authors describe a novel fluoroscopically guided transnasal technique for removal of an endoscopically placed endobiliary prosthesis (EBP). A case in which the approach was applied is used to demonstrate its indications, clinical utility and possible benefits. The procedure entails simultaneous percutaneous replacement of the EBP with an internal/external biliary catheter over a through-and-through transhepatic/transnasal access wire. A comparison of the technique's limitations with those of traditional approaches for endoscopic or percutaneous EBP removal and replacement is presented.
A new method for the determination of the mixing ratio hydrogen to helium in the giant planets.

By using a numerical iterative method, it is demonstrated that the mixing ratio H2/He on the giant planets can be inferred from spectral measurements of the intensity emitted by these planets in the far infrared range. The method is successfully applied to synthetic spectra of Saturn computed from atmospheric thermal models. The effect of random and systematic measurement errors on the determination of the mixing ratio is also studied.
Objective determinants of perceived social support

Objective characteristics of people's social networks were examined as determinants of the perceived availability of social support in two populations: elderly adults (n = 50) and mothers of 1-year-olds (n = 71). Number of network members and frequency of contact with network members, computed separately for kin and nonkin were examined as predictors of loneliness, overall social support, and the six components of social support proposed by Weiss (1974). Kin were found to be more effective providers than nonkin of some aspects of social support. Network characteristics were better predictors of perceived social support for the elderly than for the mothers, but a maximum of 30% of the variance in perceived social support was attributable to the objective network characteristics in either sample. It is recommended that future research on the determinants of perceived social support consider actual interpersonal behaviors, their contexts, and personality characteristics that affect the facilitation an interpretation of supportive behaviors.
Solution structure of the V3 loop of a Thailand HIV isolate.

Abstract The principal neutralizing determinant (PND) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is located inside the third variable loop (designated the V3 loop) of the envelope glycoprotein gpl20. The V3 loop is typically 35 amino-acids long, and the 1st and the 35th residues in the loop are invariant cystines involved in a disulfide-bridge. Although PNDs from different HIV isolates contain a conserved GPG-sequence, the amino acids flanking the conserved sequence show hypervariability among HIV isolates; the GPG and the two flanking regions are collectively referred to as the GPG-crest or the PND. The amino acid sequence variability in the GPG-crest gives rise to different antigenic specificities for different PNDs from different HIV isolates. By combining two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) and molecular modeling techniques, we have developed a method to study (1) the global tertiary fold of the V3 loops of HIV and (2) the local structure of the PND at the tip of the V3 loop. In this articl...
Structural and optical properties of ZrB2 and HfxZr1−xB2 films grown by vicinal surface epitaxy on Si(1 1 1) substrates

Abstract ZrB2 and HfxZr1−xB2 films were grown on 4° miscut Si(1 1 1) substrates by chemical vapor deposition of gaseous Hf(BH4)4 and Zr(BH4)4. The films display superior structural and optical properties when compared with ZrB2 films grown on on-axis Si(1 1 1). The observed improvements include an optically featureless surface with rms roughness of ∼2.5–3.5 nm, a ∼50% reduction in the amount of residual strain, and a ∼50% lower resistivity. These properties should promote the use of diboride films as buffer layers for nitride semiconductor epitaxy on large-area Si substrates.
Using social marketing to increase breast cancer screening among African American women: perspectives from African American breast cancer survivors

Despite progressive preventative techniques, intervention programs, and guidelines to help reduce breast cancer mortality, African American women (AAW) remain affected by breast cancer in greater numbers compared to Caucasians. As rates of breast cancer mortality continue to increase among AAW, a greater need for change emerges, which should include crafting culturally specific social marketing programs that promote breast cancer awareness among AAW. This exploratory study focuses on social marketing strategies to promote this awareness. The research underscores several social marketing strategies from the perspective of AAW (N = 130) breast cancer survivors. Qualitative data were collected from focus groups regarding social marketing strategies needed to promote breast cancer awareness. The discussions revealed social marketing campaigns that are culturally sensitive and unswerving are more likely to increase behavior modification. Furthermore, messages from other AAW tailored toward a specific market are more beneficial for promoting breast cancer screening. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System integrators and implementers: the tools of choice have expanded since the Gilbreths and Taylor

Abstract The old tools of choice as popularized by the Gilbreths, Taylor and other pioneers of management are still applicable to the implementation of improvements in the production process. The academic training in quantitative techniques of those who will be systems integrators and implementers appears up to date. It is argued, however, that additional practical training is needed in the area of systems integration in order for them to make the desired impact. This additional training - an expanded set of tools - deals mainly with methods of working with and through people.
Use of suture‐mediated vascular closure devices for the management of femoral vein access after transcatheter procedures

Groin complications remain the most common complication of cardiac catheterization procedures. While the use of closure devices is increasing for arterial sheaths, venous sheaths tend to be removed and hemostasis achieved with manual compression. We report our experience using Perclose suture-mediated vascular closure device to achieve hemostasis and early mobility in patients who have had venous access as part of their procedure. There were a total of 42 patients (21 males; average age, 63.5 years) studied. The majority of the patients had 7 Fr sheaths (24), with access sites of sheaths up to 14 Fr being closed with this technique. Two patients developed complications at the access site: one patient requiring rehospitalization for intravenous antibiotics because of late access site infection, and one patient with deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. We conclude that the use of the Perclose suture-mediated closure device for closure of femoral venous access sites is feasible and should be considered especially in patients with larger venous sheaths and those at increased risk of groin complications.
The Perceptual Span and Peripheral Cues in Reading.

Abstract Skilled readers read passages that were displayed on a Cathode Ray Tube controlled by a computer. The readers' eye movements were monitored and certain critical words were changed by the computer as the eye was in motion. The experimental technique utilized in the study provided data on how wide the area is from which a reader acquires information during a fixation in silent reading. The results also delineate different types of visual information that are acquired from various areas within the perceptual span. It was found that a reader was able to make a semantic interpretation of a word that began 1–6 character spaces from his fixation point. When he fixated 7–12 character spaces prior to a word, he was able to pick up such gross visual characteristics as word shape and initial and final letters. It was concluded that the skilled reader is able to take advantage of information in the periphery. However, the size of the area from which he does is rather small.
Potential energy savings in comminution by two-stage classification

Abstract Comminution normally consumes a very large amount of energy in any mineral processing plant. One of the areas that appears to enable an appreciable saving of energy is the classification step in a closed ball mill circuit. Hydrocyclones are the major method for closing comminution circuits but employ only a single stage of classification. Thus in each pass through the hydrocyclones only 70–78% of the extreme fines are sent to product. A computer program developed at the University of Utah's Metallurgical Engineering Department named MODSIM permitted determination of results for the ball mill and hydrocyclone circuit as they influence each other. Energy consumption in kilowatthours/ton of product was plotted against the product grind with parameters of circulating load. Grind utilized was percent + 100 mesh. The flow sheet employed for two-stage classification was repulping of first-stage underflow with second-stage underflow returned as ball mill feed. Product was taken from both cyclone overflows. The feed was an ore similar to Kennecott's Utah operation for copper production and with a rod mill discharge size distribution as feed to the circuit. All cyclone feeds were at 54% solids with hydrocyclone underflow maintained at 75 wt.% solids. As the grind increased in fines, the energy savings increased. As the circulating load increased, energy savings decreased. Energy savings ranged from a low of 6% to high values over 30%.
Method For Recording Electrical Activity of the Isolated Heart

The simultaneous recording of electrical activity from two sites on an isolated mammalian heart by a simple and effective method is described. The use of agarfilled polyethylene tubing containing cotton wick electrodes offers distinct advantages compared to the usual platinum hook electrodes.
The impact of multiple computing and digital arts degrees on undergraduate recruitment

In this paper, we describe a two-year study of the factors influencing freshman and first-year transfer student enrollment at the College of Computing and Digital Media (CDM) at DePaul University. Our results show that the reputation of the institution, the particular degree programs at DePaul CDM, and to a lesser degree the diversity of degree programs available, were all positive factors for application and enrollment at DePaul. Factors that were not of primary importance included parental influence, the fact that DePaul is a liberal arts institution, and recommendations from relatives and friends.
Predicted Performance of a Thrust-Enhanced SR-71 Aircraft with an External Payload

NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has completed a preliminary performance analysis of the SR-71 aircraft for use as a launch platform for high-speed research vehicles and for carrying captive experimental packages to high altitude and Mach number conditions. Externally mounted research platforms can significantly increase drag, limiting test time and, in extreme cases, prohibiting penetration through the high-drag, transonic flight regime.To provide supplemental SR-71 acceleration, methods have been developed that could increase the thrust of the J58 turbojet engines. These methods include temperature and speed increases and augmentor nitrous oxide injection. The thrust-enhanced engines would allow the SR-71 aircraft to carry higher drag research platforms than it could without enhancement.This paper presents predicted SR-71 performance with and without enhanced engines. A modified climb-dive technique is shown to reduce fuel consumption when flying through the transonic flight regime with a large external pay load. Estimates are included of the maximum platform drag profiles with which the aircraft could still complete a high-speed research mission. In this case, enhancement was found to increase the SR-71 payload drag capability by 25 percent. The thrust enhancement techniques and performance prediction methodology are described.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
Genetics of human heterotaxias

The past decade has seen remarkable advances in defining the molecular mechanisms underlying formation of the embryonic left right (LR) axis. This information is slowly transforming our understanding of human birth defects that are caused by disturbed LR axis patterning. Reversals, isomerisms, or segmental discordances of thoraco-abdominal organ position, that is, classic heterotaxy, clearly indicate embryonic disruption of normal LR patterning. Other isolated birth defects, particularly cardiovascular malformations, may be caused by deficiencies in the same pathways. Here, we review the distinctive clinical features of human heterotaxias and try to summarize the known connections between them and the corresponding developmental pathways.
The influence of the accuracy of individuating information on the use of base rate information in probability judgment

Abstract The experiment reported investigates contrasting hypotheses of how characteristics of individuating and base rate information influence the use of this information in probabilistic judgments. Undergraduate students were provided a series of probabilistic inference problems that systematically varied the accuracy of the source of the individuating information and the causal relevance of the base rate information. Results indicate that the accuracy of the source had a strong effect on probability estimates, while the causal nature of the base rate only affected the latter judgments in the series. Confidence in these probability judgments declined significantly as the source became less accurate. Detailed examination of the distribution of subjects' responses indicated that the neglect of the base rate information was restricted mainly to situations where the accuracy of the source was relatively high. An anchoring and adjustment model was discussed that provided a summary of many of the processes identified in these subjects' judgments, as well as integrating many notions from the three contrasting positions.
Methyl t-butyl ether mineralization in surface-water sediment microcosms under denitrifying conditions.

Mineralization of [U-14C]methylt-butyl ether (MTBE) to 14CO2without accumulation of t-butyl alcohol (TBA) was observed in surface-water sediment microcosms under denitrifying conditions. Methanogenic activity and limited transformation of MTBE to TBA were observed in the absence of denitrification. Results indicate that bed sediment microorganisms can effectively degrade MTBE to nontoxic products under denitrifying conditions.
A corpus study of evaluative and speculative language

This paper presents a corpus study of evaluative and speculative language. Knowledge of such language would be useful in many applications, such as text categorization and summarization. Analyses of annotator agreement and of characteristics of subjective language are performed. This study yields knowledge needed to design effective machine learning systems for identifying subjective language.
Movie Review: A Beautiful Mind

A Beautiful Mind is a powerful account of the life of Nobel Prize winner and mathematician John Nash. The movie depicts Nash’s journey through life with schizophrenia. Nash displays many characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, fear of persecution, and lack of interpersonal relationships. In the beginning of the movie, Nash is an introverted, focused young man searching for the perfect original idea as a graduate student at Princeton’s competitive math department. Even then it is apparent that Nash is different from his colleagues; he does not follow social cues and therefore does not have many interpersonal relationships. His main social connection is his roommate, Charles, who becomes his best friend. He develops a “game theory,” contradicting 150 years of economic theory. This theory gains him a position at MIT. Through this position he meets and marries, Alicia, a graduate student who falls for Nash despite his social ineptness. As time progresses, Alicia watches Nash slowly distance himself from the real world as he works with Agent Parcher from the CIA who has recruited him to break codes. Eventually it becomes apparent that Nash requires psychiatric care, and Alicia discovers that her husband suffers from paranoid schizophrenia. Nash learns that not only is Agent Parcher a hallucination, but Charles and Charles’s niece, whom he has maintained a close relationship with, are also hallucinations. After his institutionalization, Nash becomes very withdrawn from society, not venturing outside his house and is cared for primarily by his wife. This movie does an excellent job in highlighting the burden a psychiatric illness can put on loved ones. Alicia feels a burden in having to care for Nash
Analytical Optimal Controls for the State Constrained Addition and Removal of Cryoprotective Agents

Cryobiology is a field with enormous scientific, financial, and even cultural impact. Successful cryopreservation of cells and tissues depends on the equilibration of these materials with high concentrations of permeating chemicals (CPAs) such as glycerol or 1,2 propylene glycol. Because cells and tissues are exposed to highly anisosmotic conditions, the resulting gradients cause large volume fluctuations that have been shown to damage cells and tissues. On the other hand, there is evidence that toxicity to these high levels of chemicals is time dependent, and therefore it is ideal to minimize exposure time as well. Because solute and solvent flux is governed by a system of ordinary differential equations, CPA addition and removal from cells is an ideal context for the application of optimal control theory. Recently, we presented a mathematical synthesis of the optimal controls for the ODE system commonly used in cryobiology in the absence of state constraints and showed that controls defined by this synthesis were optimal. Here we define the appropriate model, analytically extend the previous theory to one encompassing state constraints, and as an example apply this to the critical and clinically important cell type of human oocytes, where current methodologies are either difficult to implement or have very limited success rates. We show that an enormous increase in equilibration efficiency can be achieved under the new protocols when compared to classic protocols, potentially allowing a greatly increased survival rate for human oocytes and pointing to a direction for the cryopreservation of many other cell types.
Quasi-Biennial Fluctuations in Sea Level Pressures over the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract An investigation is made into the presence of quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) in sea-level pressure fields over the Northern Hemisphere. Using 55 years (1925–79) of seasonally averaged sea-level pressure anomalies, a series of analyses has been performed in order to systematically isolate and describe the QBOs. A standard empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the seasonal anomalies reveals significant nonrandomness at QBO periods. The data were then band-pass filtered in order to focus on the QBO, and a second EOF analysis was performed. Finally, a new complex EOF analysis technique was applied to the data. Complex EOFs have the advantage of permitting both standing and propagating modes. The QBO variance in six standard EOFs is essentially confined to four EOFs in the filtered data set and compressed into three complex EOFs. The latter account for 56% of the filtered variance. The dominant mode of the complex EOF analysis was common to all analyses and has been found in many other s...
Asymptotic behavior of the fermion and gluon exchange amplitudes in massive quantum electrodynamics in the Regge limit

We study the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ amplitude in massive quantum electrodynamics in the large-$s$ and fixed-$t$ limit. We compute the amplitude in the leading-logarithm and the next-to-the-leading-logarithm approximations, to all orders in perturbation theory, and also find the general form of the full amplitude up to any non-leading-logarithm approximation. We do not use any transverse-momentum cutoff for our calculation. We find that, up to the next-to-the-leading-logarithm approximation, the contribution to the positive-signature amplitude is given by a single Regge pole. We find the contribution to the Regge trajectory up to two-loop order. The contribution to the negative-signature channel is consistent with the exchange of a gluon and a Reggeized fermion, interacting with each other through a fourpoint Reggeon vertex. The technique we have used to calculate the fermion exchange amplitude may also be used to calculate the vector-particle exchange amplitude in massive quantum electrodynamics. We have calculated the gluon exchange amplitude in massive QED in the positive- and the negative-signature channels in the leading-logarithm approximation.
A causal model of the way emotions intervene between creative intelligence and conventional skills

Abstract While a person's inclination to be creative is usually thought of as enhancing the person's practical capabilities, creative inclinations may also undermine practical performance due to the emotional reactions which can accompany the creative personality. This study tests an hypothesized causal model in which the enabling and the emotionally distractive sides of creativity are explored together. The model was tested on a sample of 243 professionally educated women—the difficulties these women have had in putting together a career with other aspects of their lives was used as the focus of emotional problem sensitivity. The model incorporates five constructs: (1) Creative Intelligence; (2) Conventional Skills; (3) Problem Sensitivity; (4) Resilience; and (5) the emotion of life Pattern Disintegrity. Of the six hypothesized causal paths in the model, five were supported by the data. One path had to be dropped, and two other paths were added in order to make the model better fit the data. With these modifications, the chi-square testing for a difference between the model and the data was insignificant, indicating a good fitting model. In the revised model which emerged, two key paths indicate that Creative Intelligence increases both Conventional Skills and Problem Sensitivity. However, in a third path, Problem Sensitivity has the effect of undermining Conventional Skills. This incompatibility in the two consequences of Creative Intelligence suggests a natural tension in thought/ emotion patterns. The solution to this tension requires a careful balancing of the emotional reactive and the skill enhancement consequences of creativity. The model also demonstrates how the quality of Resilience relieves Problem Sensitivity and depressive outlook.
Development of a Laboratory Model of Aortic Valve Calcification

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent heart valve disease in the U.S. and is characterized by the formation of calcific lesions within the valve leaflets [1]. The emerging hemodynamic theory of CAVD pathogenesis assumes a link between gradual hemodynamic alterations caused by the growing lesions and further disease progression [2–5]. In order to test this hypothesis, it is necessary to quantify the hemodynamic changes experienced downstream of a calcifying valve.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Multimodality imaging assessment of anatomic and functional pulmonary vein stenosis.

A 68-year-old man with a history of permanent atrial fibrillation and symptoms of fatigue and palpitations underwent pulmonary vein ablation under intracardiac echocardiography and NAVX system 3D mapping guidance. He noticed improvement in his symptoms after the procedure and remained in sinus rhythm on follow-up arrhythmia monitoring. However, symptoms of shortness of breath and a nonproductive cough developed over 2 to 3 months. A computed tomography scan confirmed a significant stenosis of the left superior pulmonary vein. Multimodality imaging techniques were …
Asset pricing in an intertemporal partially-revealing rational expectations equilibrium

Abstract This paper seeks to understand the endogenous forces which govern the behavior of dividend-paying stock prices, interest rates and asset holdings in competitive financial markets with asymmetric information. We analyze the partially-revealing rational expectations equilibrium of an intertemporal economy in which a continuum of informed agents with private information about future dividends interacts with a continuum of uninformed agents. In equilibrium, the stock fails to reveal any private information: its price is fully determined by publicly observed dividends. In contrast private dividend-relevant information is partially revealed by the interest rate: the inability to fully distinguish private information from a private preference parameter of informed agents is the source of diversity in endogenous information sets. In the partially-revealing equilibrium, nonnegativity of consumption and wealth are satisfied at all times. We discuss the informational efficiency of the bond and stock markets and examine the sources of interest rate volatility. The results are extended to an economy with asymptotic persistence in the informational asymmetry.
Entwicklungstendenzen und Hauptergebnisse staatlicher Sozialpolitik

Um deutlich zu machen, welch auserordentliche politische, wirtschaftliche und soziale Wandlungen staatliche Sozialpolitik mitbewirkt hat, ist es sinnvoll, sich zu verdeutlichen, das diese Politik ursprunglich die Losung der Arbeiterfrage zum Ziele hatte. Wie im vorhergehenden Kapitel ersichtlich wurde, war die Sozialpolitik von 1839 bis 1880 personell vor allem eine auf Frauen und Kinder und sachlich eine auf den Arbeitszeitschutz, den Lohnschutz und den Gefahren- und Unfallschutz gerichtete Arbeiternehmerschutzpolitik. Wegen ihrer Begrenzung auf bestimmte Arbeitnehmergruppen war sie nur eine partielle und wegen ihrer Beschrankung auf den Schutz der Erwerbsfahigkeit nur eine indirekte Unterhaltssicherungspolitik. Mit der Einfuhrung der Kranken-, Unfall-, Invaliditats- und Altersversicherung in den 80er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts und dem Ausbau dieser Versicherungseinrichtungen sowie mit dem Ausbau des Arbeitnehmerschutzes in bezug auf die geschutzten Personen und die Art des Schutzes in den Jahren 1890 bis 1918 begann die Sozialpolitik Unterhaltssicherungspolitik in einem umfassenderen Sinn zu werden: neben die indirekte Unterhaltssicherungspolitik trat die Unterhaltssicherungspolitik durch Sozialtransfers. Andere sozialpolitische Handlungsfelder nennenswerten Umfangs gab es nicht (vgl. dazu Ubersicht 4, S. 119 f.). Diese ihrer Substanz nach staatsautoritare Politik war gleichzeitig eine mit der Bekampfung der Arbeiterbewegung verbundene, repressive Sozialpolitik.
Review of The New U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual

Stathis N. Kalyvas on The U.S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual. By the U.S. Army and Marine Corps. Forward by David H. Petraeus, James F. Amos, and John A. Nagl. Introduction by Sarah Sewall. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. 472p. $15.00.
Fat Talk: What Girls and Their Parents Say about Dieting

Fat Talk: What Girls and Their Parents Say about Dieting. Mimi Nichter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. ix. 263 pp., appendixes, notes, index.
Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of paediatric migraine

Summary Headache is a common complaint in childhood with up to 75% of children reporting a notable headache by the age of 15 years. Paediatric migraine is the most frequent recurrent headache, occurring in up to 28% of older teenagers. Migraine can have a substantial effect on the life of the child, as well as their family, leading to lost school days and withdrawal from social interactions. Early recognition can lead to successful treatment, improved outcome, and reduced disability. The treatment strategy needs to be multipronged and can include acute therapy (which can vary depending on the severity of the headache), preventive therapy (when the headaches are frequent or causing substantial disability), and biobehavioural therapy (to assist with coping with recurrent headaches). Additional factors can contribute to exacerbations of headaches, including comorbid disorders and pubertal changes, which might lead to the development of menstrual migraine. When all these factors are effectively managed, there should be an improvement in long-term outcome and prevention of disease progression.
Developing an intelligent controller for integrated manufacturing resource planning

Develops an intelligent controller for an integrated manufacturing resource planner within a manufacturing execution system. The overall goal is to construct an integrated planner and controller which first generates a master production schedule that satisfies all material and capacity requirement constraints and then defines a closed-loop control law which will implement that schedule. In addition, numerous forms of manufacturing flexibility and uncertainty will be considered. The proposed intelligent controller will rely heavily upon an object-oriented simulation methodology to provide guidance in decomposing the overall planning problem while supporting the inclusion of system-wide controllers to implement the defined plan. Finally, the technology of online simulation analysis will be employed in order to access the future performance of the system while operating under a given plan and its associated enabling control law.
Particle image pattern mutual information and uncertainty estimation for particle image velocimetry

In this work we introduce a new measure for particle image velocimetry (PIV) cross-correlation quality and establish analytically its connection to the basic PIV theory. This metric, which we term 'mutual information' (MI), can be used to estimate the number of correlated particles and connect to the PIV measurement uncertainty quantification. In PIV the number of particles in common between two consecutive frames forms the basis of the cross-correlation operation that yields the velocity measurement. Since the particle image pattern intensity distribution within each image represents the available signal, the inherent number of common particle pairs between the cross-correlated images, which can be thought of as the amount of mutual information, governs the potential accuracy of the PIV measurement. The number of common particle pairs between the images can be expressed by the product of the image density NI, and the fraction of particles that leave the frame due to in-plane and out-of-plane motion FI and FO, respectively. It has previously been shown that this parameter, NIFIFO, directly relates to the validity of a PIV measurement. However, in real experiments, NIFIFO is unknown and difficult to calculate. Here we propose to overcome this limitation by introducing a new metric (MI), which directly computes the apparent amount of common information contained in the particle patterns of two consecutive images without prior knowledge of the particle field. Both theoretical derivation and experimental results are provided to show that MI and NIFIFO represent the same characteristics of a PIV measurement. Subsequently, MI is used to develop a model for PIV uncertainty estimation. This metric and the corresponding uncertainty model presented herein are applied to both standard and a filtered phase-only (robust phase correlation) correlation methods. These advancements lead to robust uncertainty estimation models, which are tested against both synthetic benchmark data as well as real experimental measurements. For all cases considered here, and uncertainties demonstrated coverage factors approximately equal to the theoretically expected values of 68.5% and 95%, which reflect 1σ and 2σ levels in a normal distribution model respectively.