cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use and interpretation of microbiological assaysin periodontal diseases

This report summarizes the rationale and illustrates the use of microbiological assays for specific microorganisms such as Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal diseases. Data on the prevalence and monitoring of A. actinomycetemcomitans in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) are presented. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found in 57 of 60 LJP patients for a prevalence of 95%. Two of the three patients not demonstrating the organism had serum antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans suggesting that they were once infected. Large numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans were found in two-thirds or more of the periodontally involved sites in the LJP patients. Microbiologic and clinical data illustrates the critical need for complete eradication of this organism in order to ensure successful therapy. The general use of microbiological tests for specific microorganisms in individual periodontitis patients can be applied to: (a) determine the causative agent, (b) assess disease activity for treatment planning, (c) monitor the effects of treatment, and (d) decide on recall intervals. Bacterial culture of the subgingival flora and determination of antibiotic susceptibility is likely to be useful in patients in whom therapy has not been successful. Rapid assays are also useful in examining subjects in epidemiologic studies to determine the prevalence of pathogens in various populations, in longitudinal studies to assess the importance of various microorganisms in the etiology of periodontal disease, and to identify persons at-risk for either the initial episode of periodontal disease or for recurrent disease. The data presented here and the review of the relevant literature strongly support the use of microbiological assays for specific microorganisms as adjuncts in the diagnosis and management of periodontal disease. It is clear that meticulous, long-term supragingival plaque control and root planing to achieve smooth surfaces of the roots is very important for the management of most forms of periodontal disease, however, identification and monitoring of specific microorganisms represents a new approach to the management of periodontal disease and provides a rationale for treatment of the specific infections of the periodontium. Although all of the specific periodontal pathogens have not been defined, a sufficient number of important pathogens are known and testing for these organisms is, therefore, indicated. Furthermore, technologies have developed to the point where rapid microbiological tests are feasible and practical. Future developments will likely provide more efficient and improved tests. In conclusion, the rationale for assessment of several important periodontal pathogens and the present level of technology making such assessment feasible, strongly support the use of microbiologic assays as adjuncts in the clinical management of various forms of periodontal disease.
Metabolic rates of caribbean crinoids (Echinodermata), with special reference to deep-water stalked and stalkless taxa

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen consumption rates for six crinoid species are reported including the first such data for three orders: Isocrinida (Cenocrinus asterius), Bourgueticrinida (Democrinus conifer), and Cyrtocrinida (Holopus rangii), as well as rates for one species of deep-water comatulid (Comactinia echinoptera) and two shallow-water comatulids (Nemaster rubiginosa and Nemaster discoidea). 2. 2. The oxygen consumption rates for these taxa are similar to those previously reported for other crinoids and, in general, are lower than those reported for other poikilotherms of comparable size.
Requirements, problems, and strategies: A theory of persuasion for social movements

(1970). Requirements, problems, and strategies: A theory of persuasion for social movements. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 1-11.
An economical large scale procedure to purifyE. coli amplifiable plasmids for DNA sequencing, in vitro transcription and in vitro mutagenesis

A reproducible and economical procedure for obtaining a large and quantitative yield of highly purified covalently closed circular plasmid DNA is described. The procedure departs in several ways from more commonly used methods. These are a) avoidance of the use of CsCl, ethidium bromide and ultracentrifuge, b) enrichment of the plasmid DNA by selective denaturation of chromosomal DNA with an alkaline-SDS solution, c) enrichment of covalently closed circular plasmid DNA by extraction with acid-phenol, and d) removal of small degraded RNA fragements by molecular sieve chromatography after digestion with RNase A. The plasmid DNA prepared by this new procedure is free of contaminants and has been used for DNA sequencing, in vitro transcription, transformation and in vitro mutagenesis.
Identification of the individual polychlorinated biphenyls in a mixture of gas—liquid chromatography

Abstract Retention indices were computed for all of the 210 possible chlorinated biphenyls on 13 gas chromatographic liquid phases. All possible pairwise comparisons of retention indices were made for each liquid phase, each pair of liquid phases and each set of three liquid phases. On the basis of a closeness criterion of 10 (Δ RI = Ri a — RI b = 10), those combinations of three or fewer phases which could distinguish between nearly all possible pairs of chlorinated biphenyls were selected. Further considerations such as column efficiencies, analysis time required, resolution achievable and availability led to the selection of several common liquid phases for the qualitative and, in some cases, quantitative analysis of the individual components of mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls. A few specific applications are discussed.
Examining extended and scientific metadata for scalable index designs

While file system metadata is well characterized by a variety of workload studies, scientific metadata is much less well understood. We characterize scientific metadata, in order to better understand the implications for index design. Based on our findings, existing solutions for either file system or scientific search will not suffice for indexing a large scientific file system. We describe the problems with existing solutions, and suggest column stores as an alternative approach.
A Nanoscale Metal Alkoxide/Oxide Adhesion Layer Enables Spatially Controlled Metallization of Polymer Surfaces

Seeding polymer substrates for the attachment and growth of metallic contacts is an important problem in modern microcircuit fabrication. A new method to effect such polymer metallization is described in which the polymer is first treated with vapor of zirconium or titanium tetra-tert-butoxide and then thermalyzed to give several monolayers of zirconium or titanium oxides that are attached to the polymer surfaces. The thickness of this layer can be controlled by the vapor exposure time. The thin oxide layers withstand removal by strenuous flexing of the polymers, and they absorb copper sulfate from an aqueous solution. Upon simple treatment with dialkylaminoborane or sodium borohydride, the polymer is metallized with copper. The tetra-tert-butoxides can be deposited through a mask, and patterned metallization of the polymers is easily accomplished.
Coherence resonance in coupled chaotic oscillators.

Existing works on coherence resonance, i.e., the phenomenon of noise-enhanced temporal regularity, focus on excitable dynamical systems such as those described by the FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. We extend the scope of coherence resonance to an important class of dynamical systems: coupled chaotic oscillators. In particular, we show that, when a system of coupled chaotic oscillators is under the influence of noise, the degree of temporal regularity of dynamical variables characterizing the difference among the oscillators can increase and reach a maximum value at some optimal noise level. We present numerical results illustrating the phenomenon and give a physical theory to explain it.
Playing Well with Others: Increasing your Library-Campus Partnerships

Collaboration between academic librarians and teaching faculty is the key to a successful library instruction program. However, the great variety in campuses and institutional cultures means that no one strategy will be successful in all libraries, and what works well on one campus may not be successful elsewhere. This paper presents real life strategies for enhancing faculty/librarian collaborations in the context of library instruction from the authors' own experiences as well as experiences shared by colleagues at the ACRL 10th National Conference.
Quadrature spectral interferometric detection and pulse shaping.

We introduce a new variant of spectral interferometry, using spectrally dispersed ultrafast laser pulses and quadrature detection to measure optical thickness variations related to surface structure. We can resolve surface features with depths of 3 mm to 25 nm, using a lateral resolution of ∼100 μm. Quadrature detection gives a larger dynamic range and solves the sign ambiguity problem. This method has potential applications in device manufacture, optical communications, and error compensation in pulse shaping.
Reduction of hippocampal hyperactivity improves cognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Elevated hippocampal activation is observed in conditions that confer risk for Alzheimer's disease, including amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Studies in relevant animal models have indicated that overactivity in selective hippocampal circuits contributes to cognitive impairment. Here, we tested the effect of reducing hippocampal activation in aMCI. Under placebo treatment, hippocampal activation in the dentate gyrus/CA3 was elevated in aMCI patients compared to a healthy control group. By using a low dose of the antiepileptic levetiracetam hippocampal activation in aMCI was reduced to a level that did not differ from the control group. Compared to aMCI memory performance under placebo, performance in the scanning task was significantly improved under drug treatment. Contrary to the view that greater hippocampal activation might serve a beneficial function, these results support the view that increased hippocampal activation in aMCI is a dysfunctional condition and that targeting excess hippocampal activity has therapeutic potential.
Stable isotope investigations of an active geothermal system in Valles Caldera, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico

^(16)O/^(16)O, ^(13)C/^(12)C and D/H measurements have been made on rocks and minerals from drill cuttings (0 to 1700 m depth) from Valles Caldera, New Mexico, a post-Pliocene collapsed volcano containing an active hydrothermal system. δ^(18)O values of calcite reflect isotopic equilibrium with large amounts of a meteoric-hydrothermal fluid δ^(18)O = - 12‰ at temperatures between 60 and 280°C. Calcites appear to have retained their original ^(13)C/^(12)C ratios, typical of either marine or fresh-water origin. The mineralogical changes which have accompanied the hydrothermal activity resulted in decreases in whole-rock δ^(18)O values of as much as 7%0 as compared to the original δ^(18)O of the volcanically-derived rocks. The isotopic composition of hydrothermal quartz in altered rocks is entirely unrelated to the most recent episode of alteration. D/H ratios of kaolinite formed in equilibrium with the meteoric-hydrothermal fluid have allowed the determination of approximate kaolinite-water hydrogen isotope fractionation factors between 60 and 280°C. These data are compatible with previous determinations at 400 and 300°C. The In α^D (kao-H,O) relationship with 1/T^2 is not linear over the temperature range 400 to 25°C.
Hierarchical brain mapping via a generalized Dirichlet solution for mapping brain manifolds

In this paper we present a coarse-to-fine approach for the transformation of digital anatomical textbooks from the ideal to the individual that unifies the work on landmark deformations and volume based transformation. The Hierarchical approach is linked to the Biological problem itself, coming out of the various kinds of information which is provided by the anatomists. This information is in the form of points, lines, surfaces and sub-volumes corresponding to 0, 1, 2, and 3 dimensional sub-manifolds respectively. The algorithm is driven by these sub- manifolds. We follow the approach that the highest dimensional transformation is a result from the solution of a sequence of lower dimensional problems driven by successive refinements or partitions of the images into various Biologically meaningful sub-structures.
Microperimetry and OCT findings in female carriers of choroideremia

Purpose: To evaluate structural retinal changes and macular function by a combined spectral domain optical coherence tomography/ scanning laser ophthalmoscope (OCT/ SLO) microperimetry device in choroideremia carriers.Methods and Materials: Ten choroideremia carriers were included in the study. All subjects had a complete ophthalmic examination in addition to Goldmann kinetic visual fields, OCT and microperimetry testing on a commercially available Spectral Domain (SD) OCT/SLO combination system.Results: Microperimetry results demonstrated focal areas of threshold abnormalities in 50% of the subjects. OCT findings show subtle retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) irregularities with attenuation more pronounced outside the macular region.Conclusions: Long term follow up with microperimetric testing could be useful in monitoring any progressive loss of retinal function in choroideremia carriers.
Annotated check-list of New England marine fungi

The forty-nine species of higher marine fungi found so far in New England on wood and algae in marine habitats are listed. Original collections consist of 117 specimens, each usually harbouring several species. New information is supplemented by some data from literature. Asteromyces cruciatus F. & Mme Moreau, Carbosphaerella leptosphaerioides I. Schmidt, Chaetosphaeriachaetosa Kohlm. and Dendryphiella salina (Suth.) Pugh & Nicot are new records for the American continent. Eleven additional species are new for the United States east coast ( Amylocarpus encephaloides Currey, Ceriosporopsis calyptrata Kohlm., Corollospora cristata (Kohlm.) Kohlm., Haligena elaterophora Kohlm., Hahnectria milfordensis Jones, Halosphaeria torquata Kohlm., H. tubulifera Kohlm., Leptosphaeria contecta Kohlm., Remispora pilleata Kohlm., R. quadriremis (Hohnk) Kohlm., and R. trullifera Kohlm.). Taxonomy, nomenclature and morphology are discussed. Origin and structure of ascospore appendages of Halosphaeria appendiculata Linder and H. tubulifira Kohlm. are re-examined and illustrated. Apical ascospore tubes of H. tubulifera contain mucilage, forming viscous threads. Remispora ornata Johnson & Cavaliere is reduced to synonymy with H. appendiculata . The new name, Microthelia linderi Kohlm. nom.nov. (basionym Amphisphaeria maritima Linder) is proposed.
Applying Neural Networks to the Solution of the Inverse Heat Conduction Problem in a Gun Barrel

The primary cause of gun barrel erosion is the heat generated by the shell as its travels along the barrel. Therefore, calculating the heat flux input to the gun bore is very important when investigating wear problems in the gun barrel and examining its thermomechanical properties. This paper employs the continuous-time analog Hopfield neural network (CHNN) to compute the temperature distribution in various forward heat conduction problems. An efficient technique is then proposed for the solution of inverse heat conduction problems using a three-layered backpropagation neural network (BPN). The weak generalization capacity of BPN networks when applied to the solution of nonlinear function approximations is improved by employing the Bayesian regularization algorithm. The CHNN scheme is used to calculate the temperature in a 155 mm gun barrel and the trained BPN is then used to estimate the heat flux of the inner surface of the barrel. The results show that the proposed neural network analysis method successfully solves forward heat conduction problems and is capable of predicting the unknown parameters in inverse problems with an acceptable error.
Radiotelemetry of Phasic Right Ventricular Blood Velocity in Man

Abstract Right ventricular flow velocity in the outflow tract of the right ventricle in 11 normal subjects and in 45 patients with heart disease was studied by radiotelemetry using a Doppler ultrasonic catheter flowmeter telemetry system. The influence of respiration, Valsalva maneuver and cardiac arrhythmias was examined. The right ventricular blood velocity in normal subjects was characterized by a major high frequency systolic wave representing acceleration of blood due to right ventricular ejection. The ejection pattern indicated that the rate of blood velocity was fast and of short duration. Inspiration resulted in an immediate increase in the peak right ventricular blood velocity; expiration caused an immediate decrease. The Valsalva maneuver in normal subjects resulted in an immediate decrease in velocity persisting throughout the maneuver with slight overshoot upon release of the maneuver. The influence of extrasystoles on the blood velocity was dependent on the time of occurrence of these extrasystoles. The shorter the interval between the extrasystoles and the preceding beat, the less the peak blood velocity of the extrasystolic beat and the greater the increase in postextrasystolic augmentation. Variation in beat to beat blood velocity occurred with regularity in patients with atrial fibrillation, thus emphasizing the importance of cycle length. Ventricular tachycardia was accompanied by a rapid and marked decrease of the right ventricular blood velocity which persisted for several seconds during this arrhythmia. This technique is useful in the study of (1) instantaneous phasic right ventricular blood velocity in conscious, unanesthetized man and (2) abnormalities of right heart dynamics in health and disease states.
The proximal part of the giant submarine Wailau landslide, Molokai, Hawaii

Abstract The main break-in-slope on the northern submarine flank of Molokai at −1500 to −1250 m is a shoreline feature that has been only modestly modified by the Wailau landslide. Submarine canyons above the break-in-slope, including one meandering stream, were subaerially carved. Where such canyons cross the break-in-slope, plunge pools may form by erosion from bedload sediment carried down the canyons. West Molokai Volcano continued infrequent volcanic activity that formed a series of small coastal sea cliffs, now submerged, as the island subsided. Lavas exposed at the break-in-slope are subaerially erupted and emplaced tholeiitic shield lavas. Submarine rejuvenated-stage volcanic cones formed after the landslide took place and following at least 400–500 m of subsidence after the main break-in-slope had formed. The sea cliff on east Molokai is not the headwall of the landslide, nor did it form entirely by erosion. It may mark the location of a listric fault similar to the Hilina faults on present-day Kilauea Volcano. The Wailau landslide occurred about 1.5 Ma and the Kalaupapa Peninsula most likely formed 330±5 ka. Molokai is presently stable relative to sea level and has subsided no more than 30 m in the last 330 ka. At their peak, West and East Molokai stood 1.6 and 3 km above sea level. High rainfall causes high surface runoff and formation of canyons, and increases groundwater pressure that during dike intrusions may lead to flank failure. Active shield or postshield volcanism (with dikes injected along rift zones) and high rainfall appear to be two components needed to trigger the deep-seated giant Hawaiian landslides.
Jetting in Oblique, Asymmetric Impacts

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the composition of jets emitted in asymmetric oblique impacts. The jets were sampled indirectly using witness plates, which were quantitatively analyzed by SEM. The results indicate that decreasing the thickness of the inclined target plate increases the relative abundance of projectile in the jet. Increasing the impact angle has the same effect. No systematic dependence of jet composition on impact velocity was observed. Thin plate theory, variations of which have been applied to several problems in planetary geophysics, gives the jet composition as a function of plate thickness and impact angle. This theory gives compositional dependencies on plate thickness and impact angle that are opposite to the experimentally observed trends and predicts compositional abundances that differ in magnitude from experimental values by over 40 wt% in all cases. A critical review of the theory, which is extended to explicitly include shock entropy production, and a comparison of the theory with hydrocode simulations, reveals several assumptions that are not valid in the present application. The revised thermodynamic model predicts peak jet temperatures that are significantly lower than calculated using earlier models. If the experimentally observed compositional trends apply to the collisions of meteoroids with planets, then the relative abundance of meteoroid in the jet will be greater in oblique impacts than in normal-incidence ones.
Simple ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for the determination of serum guanase activity.

We describe a simple, kinetic method for the determination of serum guanase activity that involves enzymatic coupling to xanthine oxidase and measurement of the rate of uric acid formation by spectrophotometric monitoring of the absorption at 300 nm. At this wavelength, the absorption of uric acid is about 80% of its maximal absorption at 293 nm, but the difference in molar extinction coefficient between guanine and uric acid is similar (9,000 at 293 nm vs 8,400 at 300 nm). There are three advantages to the use of the higher wavelength: first, the absorption of serum proteins is only one third of the absorption at 293 nm resulting in a significant reduction in noise level. Second, the lower absorption of serum proteins allows increasing sensitivity of the assay by increasing the amount of serum in the reaction mixture. Third, the higher wavelength allows the use of automated centrifugal analyzers that are generally not designed for measurements below 300 nm. The between-day coefficient of variation was 5.8% (n = 27) at an activity of 17 U/L and 8.2% at an activity of 2 U/L. The reference range for 50 sera from males and females was 0.4 to 1.8 U/L (n = 50; mean ± 2SD). The method is linear to 40 U/L.
Hydrate formation from high water content-crude oil emulsions

Methane hydrate formation and dissociation studies from high water content (>60vol% water) – crude oil emulsions were performed. The hydrate and emulsion system was characterized using two particle size analyzers and conductivity measurements. It was observed that hydrate formation and dissociation from water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions destabilized the emulsion, with the final emulsion formulation favoring a water continuous state following re-emulsification. Hence, following dissociation, the W/O emulsion formed a multiple o/W/O emulsion (60 vol% water) or inverted at even higher water cuts, forming an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion (68 vol% water). In contrast, hydrate formation and dissociation from O/W emulsions (⩾71vol% water) stabilized the O/W emulsion.
Evidence of biologic epistasis between BDNF and SLC6A4 and implications for depression.

Complex genetic disorders such as depression likely exhibit epistasis, but neural mechanisms of such gene–gene interactions are incompletely understood. 5-HTTLPR and BDNF VAL66MET, functional polymorphisms of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SLC6A4) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, impact on two distinct, but interacting signaling systems, which have been related to depression and to the modulation of neurogenesis and plasticity of circuitries of emotion processing. Recent clinical studies suggest that the BDNF MET allele, which shows abnormal intracellular trafficking and regulated secretion, has a protective effect regarding the development of depression and in mice of social defeat stress. Here we show, using anatomical neuroimaging techniques in a sample of healthy subjects (n=111), that the BDNF MET allele, which is predicted to have reduced responsivity to 5-HT signaling, protects against 5-HTTLPR S allele-induced effects on a brain circuitry encompassing the amygdala and the subgenual portion of the anterior cingulate (rAC). Our analyses revealed no effect of the 5-HTTLPR S allele on rAC volume in the presence of BDNF MET alleles, whereas a significant volume reduction (P<0.001) was seen on BDNF VAL/VAL background. Interacting genotype effects were also found in structural connectivity between amygdala and rAC (P=0.002). These data provide in vivo evidence of biologic epistasis between SLC6A4 and BDNF in the human brain by identifying a neural mechanism linking serotonergic and neurotrophic signaling on the neural systems level, and have implications for personalized treatment planning in depression.
Hα Dots: A Catalog of Faint Emission-line Objects Discovered in Narrowband Images

During a wide-field narrowband H{alpha} imaging survey, we noted the presence of numerous isolated emission-line point sources in the data. These objects could represent ultra-low-luminosity galaxies at low-redshift (detection via H{alpha}), isolated extragalactic H II regions associated with the galaxy targeted by the original observation, or background galaxies or QSOs where strong emission lines (most often [O III] {lambda}5007) redshift into our narrowband filter. We have carried out a systematic search for these 'H{alpha} dots' in over 200 15 Multiplication-Sign 15 arcmin fields. To date we have cataloged 61 candidate emission-line sources in roughly 11.7 deg{sup 2}. The sample has a median R magnitude of 19.5, and detects objects as faint as R = 22.6. Follow-up spectroscopy reveals that {approx}85% of the candidates are bona fide emission-line objects, with roughly 60% of the real sources being lower-redshift objects (detection via H{alpha}) and 40% being higher-redshift objects detected via [O III] emission or some other emission line. Here we present the results of our initial survey and follow-up spectroscopy. We use our sample to study the properties (including star-formation rates and metal abundances) of low-luminosity star-forming galaxies in the nearby universe and of low-metallicity star-forming galaxies at z Almost-Equal-To 0.33.
Predicting charmonium and bottomonium spectra with a quark harmonic oscillator.

The nonrelativistic quark model is applied to heavy (nonrelativistic) meson (two-body) systems to obtain sufficiently accurate predictions of the spin-averaged mass levels of the charmonium and bottomonium spectra as an example of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator. The present calculations do not include any spin dependence, but rather, mass values are averaged for different spins. Results for a charmed quark mass value of 1500 MeV/c-squared show that the simple harmonic oscillator model provides good agreement with experimental values for 3P states, and adequate agreement for the 3S1 states.
Test-retest reproducibility of the exercise treadmill examination in lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objective To provide further validation of the treadmill test by assessing its "test-retest" reproducibility. Patients and Methods In this prospective study, 28 patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis underwent exercise treadmill testing, first at a walking speed of 1.2 mph and then at the patient's preferred walking speed. All patients had a second treadmill examination or "retest." No treatment intervention was performed between the initial test and the retest. Time to first symptoms (TFS) and total ambulation time (TAT) were measured. Differences between the baseline examination and the retest examination were assessed by using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) as well as graphically. Results There was good reproducibility between baseline test and retest results for all 4 end points: 1.2 mph, TFS (CCC = 0.90); 1.2 mph, TAT (CCC = 0.89); preferred walking speed, TFS (CCC = 0.98); and preferred walking speed, TAT (CCC = 0.96). The median difference between trials was not significantly different from zero for any of the 4 outcomes. Conclusions Exercise treadmill testing has good testretest reproducibility. There was no learning phenomenon associated with the test procedure. The study further validates the clinical utility of exercise treadmill testing in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication.
Ketoconazole therapy for hormonally refractive metastatic prostate cancer.

Abstract Twenty-two patients who had progressive metastatic prostatic carcinoma (Stage D2) despite androgen-deprivation therapy (bilateral orchiectomy, 10 cases; bilateral orchiectomy followed by diethylstilbestrol, 7 cases; diethylstilbestrol, 3 cases; combined megestrol acetate and lowdose estrogen, 2 cases) were treated with ketoconazole. Of 19 evaluable patients, 2 (11 %) achieved a partial response (for 6 and 8 months) and 7 others (37%) achieved stabilization of disease (for periods of 3–8 months). Of 16 patients in whom pain was a prominent clinical feature, 13 (81 %) noted improvement in pain for periods of one to eight months (median 3 months). We conclude that ketoconazole is a useful addition to our current armory for management of patients with metastatic prostatic cancer resistant to prior hormonal therapy.
Pfeiffer effect optical activity developed in lanthanide tris(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) complexes by chiral tartrate substrates

Abstract Optical activity has been induced in the title complexes through outer-sphere complexation with L-tartaric acid, and with several carboxyl and hydroxyl esters. The optical activity was studied in the Tb(III) and Eu(III) complexes by means of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy, and the symmetry changes associated with the adduct formation were followed by examining the hypersensitive absorption of the Ho(III) complexes. Optical activity was found to be induced by each substrate, although the nature of the outer-sphere interaction was necessarily different in the various systems. It was found in every case that the presence of a (R,R)-tartrate substrate led to enrichment of the A-isomer of the lanthanide complexes.
Off-resonant absorption in bound-to-continuump-typeGaAs/AlxGa1−xAsquantum wells: Overcoming absorption saturation with doping

Optimum bound-to-continuum normal-incidence absorption in low-doped (less than 1 X 10 1 2 cm - 2 ) p-type GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells obtains for well widths for which the second light-hole (LH 2 ) level is resonant with the top of the valence band quantum well near the center of the Brillouin zone. Experimentally we found that such absorption saturates at higher doping levels. For higher doping around 4 × 10 1 2 cm - 2 , our envelopefunction approximation (EFA) model predicts that pushing LH2 deeper into the continuum avoids absorption saturation and at least doubles the photoresponse. The results are explained on the basis of an EFA calculation, which shows that saturation is due to the fact that the line of resonances in the continuum as a function of the in-plane wave vector eventually becomes a bound LH2 band in the well at some critical wave vector. By matching this critical wave vector (via well width and/or well depth adjustment) with the Fermi wave vector (determined by doping in the well) for the desired QWIP (i.e., cutoff wavelength). saturation can be avoided. This prediction is verified on a set of well-characterized samples A re-entrant band behavior, in which a band is bound over a limited portion of the Brillouin zone is also demonstrated.
Uniformity of evidence-based treatments in practice? Therapist effects in the delivery of cognitive processing therapy for PTSD.

Objective Various factors contribute to the effective implementation of evidence-based treatments (EBTs). In this study, cognitive processing therapy (CPT) was administered in a Veterans Affairs (VA) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) specialty clinic in which training and supervision were provided following VA implementation guidelines. The aim was to (a) estimate the proportion of variability in outcome attributable to therapists and (b) identify characteristics of those therapists who produced better outcomes. Method We used an archival database of veterans (n = 192) who completed 12 sessions of CPT by therapists (n = 25) who were trained by 2 nationally recognized trainers, 1 of whom also provided weekly group supervision. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate therapist effects, with therapists treated as a random factor. The supervisor was asked to retrospectively rate each therapist in terms of perceived effectiveness based on supervision interactions. Using single case study design, the supervisor was interviewed to determine what criteria she used to rate the therapists and emerging themes were coded. Results When initial level of severity on the PTSD Checklist (PCL; McDonald & Calhoun, 2010; Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane, 1993) was taken into account, approximately 12% of the variability in the PCL at the end of treatment was due to therapists. The trainer, blind to the results, identified the following characteristics and actions of effective therapists: effectively addressing patient avoidance, language used in supervision, flexible interpersonal style, and ability to develop a strong therapeutic alliance. Conclusions This study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the importance of the individual therapist as an important factor in the change process.
Preferential amplification of mitochondrial DNA fragments in somatic hybrids of the Gramineae

Somatic hybrid cell lines of Pennisetum americanum + Panicum maximum, and of Pennisetum americanum + Saccharum officinarum display unique mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction patterns suggestive of mitochondrial fusion and recombination. Apparent recombinant fragments of the hybrids were recovered, cloned, and hybridized to parental and somatic hybrid mtDNAs. In each somatic hybrid, “novel” fragments were found to be present at low copy number in one or both of the parental mtDNAs, and amplified 15–30 times in the hybrids. In pearl millet-sugarcane somatic hybrid cells, the amplification does not appear to involve enhanced recombination. The presumably amplified restriction fragment of the pearl millet-Guinea grass somatic hybrids is a junction fragment of a repeat, present in low copy number in both parents, and in high copy number in the hybrids. Thus protoplast and probable mitochondrial fusion results in a marked shift in the direction of mtDNA recombination events. We conclude that amplification of parental mtDNA fragments is a common event in somatic hybrid cells of these Gramineae.
The effects of training in comprehension of electrolaryngeal speech.

Abstract This study was designed to measure the effect of various signal-to-noise ratios on the comprehension of electrolaryngeal speech by sophisticated and naive subjects, and the effect of training on naive subjects. It was hypothesized: (1) a 9 dB signal-to-noise ratio listening condition would permit the subjects in all three groups to maintain a high degree of comprehension of the electrolaryngeal speaker's message; (2) reducing signal- to-noise ratios would produce a difference between the intelligibility scores obtained by the sophisticated group and the untrained naive group; (3) naive trained subjects would maintain intelligibility scores not significantly different from those of the sophisticated subjects across the three listening conditions. Video training and task tapes were used to provide training and measure intelligibility. Scores from subject performance were analyzed statistically and the conclusions were: (1) a 4 dB signal-to-noise ratio produced a high intelligibility function; (2) below 4 dB listeners demonstrated a decrease in ability to comprehend; (3) no significant difference was found between 4 and 9 dB conditions; (4) trained naive subjects did not score significantly different from sophisticated subjects.
Optimizing flow control in multi-interface wireless cognitive radio networks

This paper solves the optimal flow management problem in cognitive radio (CR) networks with multiple self-interested CRs and multiple self interested servers with multiple radio interfaces. We formulate a novel flow management problem in which the cognitive nodes compete to minimize the total delay over all interfaces while at the same time the servers compete to maximize their individual profit. We model this problem as a leader-follower game and propose a dynamic linear pricing scheme designed to achieve optimal flow allocation. We propose an iterative algorithm to solve the game and analyze the criteria for convergence to the unique Nash Equilibrium. The messaging required to implement this algorithm is minimal thereby making it suitable for distributed implementations. Numerical simulations demonstrate significant improvement in terms of average total delay for cognitive nodes in comparison with alternative algorithms. Simulation results show that when quality of service in terms of average total delay is fixed, our algorithm improves the capacity of the network by 40% for the maximum allowable throughput demand.
Introduction to Value Theory

A reprint of the popular 1969, Prentice-Hall edition, the principal innovation of this philosophical introduction to value theory is its focus upon values as they are dealt with in everyday life situations, and have sometimes been studied by sociologists and social psychologists, rather than upon value as has been standard in the philosophical tradition.
Chapter 37F Neutron activation analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of neutron activation analysis. Neutron activation analysis offers a highly sensitive technique for the quantitative determination of the rare earths. In some applications, it may also be one of the quickest and most convenient techniques. The principles of neutron activation analysis are quite simple. A sample is irradiated in a flux of neutrons, generally in a nuclear reactor, in which isotopes of the various elements absorb neutrons. Many of these reactions form radioactive products, the activity of which is measured and related to the amount of element present. Once the sample is removed from the reactor, laboratory contamination has no effect on the results. Only contamination by the indicating radionuclide would yield errors, but it is quite easy to monitor the laboratory and to remove any source of radioactivity. This is a distinct advantage of neutron activation analysis as it allows operations, such as contamination-free mineral separations to be performed.
Building the New Berkeley Microlab

The University of California at Berkeley is proceeding with construction of a new nanofabrication laboratory - the CITRIS Nanolab. This new facility is a key component of the College of Engineering's CITRIS research center - the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society. The new lab will enable world class faculty research and stimulate creative partnerships with industry to address nanoscale CMOS electronics, nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), integration of opto and bioelectronics, and nano/micro/macro interface technologies. This laboratory will be the successor to The Berkeley Microlab and will continue and expand the Microlab tradition of a professionally managed, shared laboratory resource open to all academic researchers and supported on a recharge basis to insure the lowest possible barrier to entry. This presentation will provide an overview of the design and planning process with specific commentary on some of the challenges unique to the academic laboratory. Sample questions that will be addressed are as follows. How do you define facility and utility needs when future research requests are unknown? How do you efficiently translate the extensive industry experience of design consultants to a university situation? Is it possible to communicate directly with the architect and design team when working within the procedural confines of a large state university? Construction budget versus fit-up budget - are there strategies to take advantage of the Capital Projects process? Value engineering - does it provide either? And finally, is it possible to build a research laboratory this decade without including the word nano in the facility name?
College Access, Student Success, and the "New" Character Education.

AbstractOver the past several years, there has been a resurgence of interest in-and reconceptualizing of- character education in primary and secondary schools across the United States. An important question, then, is how this new emphasis on character development at the K-12 level impacts the work of university faculty and student affairs professionals. Are graduates of these primary and secondary schools with an intensive character focus arriving at their respective universities with heightened levels of grit and social intelligence? Are such qualities facilitating their ability to thrive at the postsecondary level? Are university faculty and staff coordinating with their K-12 counterparts to support the continued development of these qualities in newly matriculated students? The authors pose these questions in interviews with four different university stakeholders who can speak to the effects at the university level of the new character education emphasis in many American primary and secondary schools.
Linked and threaded loops in proteins.

Tertiary structure of globular proteins has traditionally been analyzed in terms of the organization of secondary structure elements. This paper presents a method for systematically identifying different topological features of the convolutions of the backbone. We define a loop as a segment of chain whose end residues are in contact. We find some loops which are threaded by another segment of chain passing through the loop or actually linked with another loop. Fifty-six loop threadings were found among the 20 proteins studied, all of them occurring in a subset of seven proteins. In our sample, threadings and linkings were generally found if and only if the protein has more than 200 residues. To account for the existence of these topological features, despite their apparent entropic unfavorability, we have proposed a number of kinetic mechanisms by which they may form without a thread actually passing through a loop. We have found that almost all loop threadings possess structural features that would make one of these mechanisms plausible.
Taxonomic utility of niche models in validating species concepts: A case study in Anthophora ( Heliophila ) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Taxonomy has far-reaching effects throughout biology, and incorrect taxonomy can be detrimental in many ways. Polymorphic species complexes, many of which exist in the bee genus Anthophora Latreille, lend themselves to such difficulties. This study employs environmental niche mapping (ENM) and traditional morphological analyses to investigate the validity of the subjective synonymy of Anthophora (Heliophila) curta Provancher with the senior synonym A. squammulosa Dours. Eleven of fifty morphological characters consistently differentiate the two putative species, with an additional five characters sometimes separating them. Additionally, based on over 1000 georeferenced museum specimens, the geographic ranges of the two taxa do not overlap. The two entities also react differently to the bioclimatic variables based on correlation analysis. We further tested the two-species hypothesis by constructing ENMs with informative bioclimatic variables associated with locality records. Their modelled distributions overlapped less than 1%, suggesting discrete environmental boundaries. The variables which contributed most to each species’ model also differed. These differences are explored in relation to their habitats. The combined morphological and biogeographic analysis indicates that A. curta and A. squammulosa are distinct species. Based on the accumulated evidence the synonymy is formally rejected and A. curta is recognized as a valid species. Five additional taxa (A. bispinosa Cockerell, A. franciscana Cockerell, A. usticauda Cockerell, A. u. cinerior Cockerell, A. zamoranella Cockerell) are newly synonymized with A. squammulosa and Anthophora curta var. melanops Cockerell is newly synonymized with A. curta. Implications outside of taxonomy are discussed.
the psyChologiCal presenCe of family improves self-Control

Three studies show that the psychological presence of family provides a temporary increase in self-control. In Study 1, participants (n = 79) subliminally primed with the names of their family members subsequently performed better at an open-ended language task relative to participants primed with neutral words. Study 2 ruled out two plausible alternative interpretations of this result. Participants in Study 2 (n = 139) who wrote a short essay about a family member with whom they had a good relationship demonstrated more self-control than those who wrote about a humorous episode or an enemy relationship, as measured by their performance on a simple but tedious math test. Study 3 was designed to demonstrate that self-control, rather than motivation, was affected by thoughts of the family. Participants (n = 66) primed with a visual cue of a family member ate fewer cookies than those not primed—when individual differences in eating restraint were controlled. The theoretical and applied implications of these ...
A Taxonomic Approach to Integrating Job Analysis with Training Front-End Analysis.

This article poses the following two questions relating to training effectiveness evaluation: (1) Are the appropriate and needed knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics being trained? and (2) Do the skill levels obtained meet the minimum requirements of the job? This article presents these questions, and seeks to address processes that need to be developed in order to collect appropriate data and supporting algorithms for analyses.
High frequency acoustic imaging in the ocean

The use of acoustical techniques in oceanography is well known. Traditional applications have concentrated on long range, low frequency propagation. Due a convergence of both technology and national interests, consideration of the possibilities for creating high frequency, real time, multi-dimensional imaging systems (2 and 3-D) has emerged. Unfortunately, due to a lack of experimental investigation, the propagation issues related to these frequencies are relatively unknown. The authors' group in underwater acoustic imaging applied to ocean exploration and oceanography has been taking high frequency acoustic pictures in the ocean for almost a decade. The first experiences were in using the traditional types of ocean going sonars such as side scans. More recently they have been developing a 3-dimensional multibeam imaging system for tracking small animals in the sea. As part of this effort they have been looking at both the spatial and temporal correlation scales for the propagation of high frequency sound.