cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
pTCP: an end-to-end transport layer protocol for striped connections

The TCP transport layer protocol is designed for connections that traverse a single path between the sender and receiver. However there are several environments in which multiple paths can be used by a connection simultaneously. We consider the problem of supporting striped connections that operate over multiple paths. We propose an end-to-end transport layer protocol called pTCP (parallel TCP) that allows connections to enjoy the aggregate bandwidths offered by the multiple paths, irrespective of the individual characteristics of the paths. We show that pTCP can have a varied range of applications through instantiations in three different environments: (a) bandwidth aggregation on multi-homed mobile hosts; (b) service differentiation using purely end-to-end mechanisms; (c) end-systems based network striping. In each of the applications, we demonstrate the applicability of pTCP and how its efficacy compares with existing approaches through simulation results.
The Use of Drinking and Sexual Assault Protective Behavioral Strategies: Associations With Sexual Victimization and Revictimization Among College Women.

Despite consistent high rates of campus sexual assault, little research has examined effective strategies to decrease sexual assault victimization. Sexual assault and drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may be important means of reducing sexual assault victimization risk on college campuses but need further examination. The current study examined the relationship among sexual assault in childhood, before college, and since college to evaluate the mitigating roles of both sexual assault PBS and drinking PBS on sexual assault victimization. Participants (n = 620) were undergraduate women, 18 to 20 years old. The current study was a cross-sectional online survey assessing participants’ sexual assault PBS and sexual assault history. Sexual assault history was positively associated with future sexual assault experiences. Pre-college sexual assault was associated with increased since-college sexual assault and increased drinks per week. Since-college adolescent/adult sexual assault was associated wi...
Lack of complex I activity in human cells carrying a mutation in MtDNA-encoded ND4 subunit is corrected by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDI1) gene

The gene for the single subunit, rotenone-insensitive, and flavone-sensitive internal NADH-quinone oxidoreductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDI1) can completely restore the NADH dehydrogenase activity in mutant human cells that lack the essential mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunit ND4. In particular, the NDI1 gene was introduced into the nuclear genome of the human 143B.TK cell line derivative C4T, which carries a homoplasmic frameshift mutation in the ND4 gene. Two transformants with a low or high level of expression of the exogenous gene were chosen for a detailed analysis. In these cells the corresponding protein is localized in mitochondria, its NADH-binding site faces the matrix compartment as in yeast mitochondria, and in perfect correlation with its abundance restores partially or fully NADH-dependent respiration that is rotenone-insensitive, flavone-sensitive, and antimycin A-sensitive. Thus the yeast enzyme has become coupled to the downstream portion of the human respiratory chain. Furthermore, the P:O ratio with malate/glutamate-dependent respiration in the transformants is approximately two-thirds of that of the wild-type 143B.TK cells, as expected from the lack of proton pumping activity in the yeast enzyme. Finally, whereas the original mutant cell line C4T fails to grow in medium containing galactose instead of glucose, the high NDI1-expressing transformant has a fully restored capacity to grow in galactose medium. The present observations substantially expand the potential of the yeast NDI1 gene for the therapy of mitochondrial diseases involving complex I deficiency.
The ILSE experimental program

The Heavy-Ion Fusion Accelerator Research Program at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has proposed building a 10 MeV induction linac systems experiment, ILSE, to investigate accelerator physics and beam manipulations which are needed or desirable for an induction linac driver. This paper describes the experiments proposed for ILSE: transverse beam combining, drift compression, bending of space-charge-dominated beams, final focus, recirculation, and some studies of beam propagation in the environment of the reactor chamber.
Biochemical Considerations of the Enzymology Associated with Quinone and Tetrol Formation During Benzo(A)Pyrene Metabolism

While considerable effort has been directed toward understanding the molecular events involved in chemical carcinogenesis, a detailed description of the enzymatic machinery involved and the precursor-product relationships which exist have only begun during the last five years. The efforts of our research groups have focused on the enzymatic formation of benzo(a)pyrene quinones and on the spatial relationship between the requisite enzymes sequestered in the microsomal membrane. The mechanism of quinone formation has been studied using 18O-incorporation experiments coupled with high performance liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. The results indicate that in vitro a significant proportion of the quinones appears to be formed as a result of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase process. However, a measurable amount of the quinone product contains oxygen incorporated from water suggesting at least two mechanisms of quinone formation.
Strong unique continuation and finite jet determination for Cauchy-Riemann mappings

We give strong unique continuation and finite jet determination results for mappings between CR manifolds. Applications to the study of groups of local and global CR automorphisms are derived.
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Childhood obesity is a nationwide epidemic with an estimated 16% to 18% of children and adolescents qualifying as obese and another 21% to 24% considered overweight. Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of developing serious infections. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Kids' Inpatient Database 2009 was queried to analyze national trends in patient encounters, specifically those listing patients as comorbid obese and then identified those with urinary tract infection (UTI) as primary or secondary diagnosis. Propensity matching was used to calculate risk for UTI in the inpatient obese pediatric population. A total of 86 638 pediatric hospital admissions were enrolled in the study of which 41 819 included the diagnosis of obesity, and a UTI was diagnosed in 2445 of the cases. In a propensity-matched sample, matched for age, sex, race, and diabetes mellitus, the risk of UTI was increased by 45% in obese females. Obese males did not have a significantly increased risk for UTI.
Islamic marketing in Egypt : evolution and implications

Islamic marketing continues to gain more attention and awareness in both Islamic and non-Islamic countries. In this paper we examine the evolution of Islamic marketing and address its implications. Then we explore the evolution of Islamic marketing in five key areas: banking, food, fashion, satellite broadcasting, and Internet. They focus on Islamic marketing in Egypt and provide examples from other countries in the Islamic world such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Particulate Matter: Fine and Ultrafine — How Emerging Data on Engineered Nanomaterials May Change How We Regulate Worker Exposures to Dust

Currently in the United States, agencies responsible for regulations related to worker or public exposures to dust set rules based on a few general categories determined by gross particle size categories like PM10 (particles < 10 μm) and PM2.5 (particles < 2.5 μm) and the total mass of certain specific compounds (e.g., 3.5 mg/m3 of carbon black). Environmental health researchers however, have begun to focus on a new category of ultrafine particles (PM0.1; particles < 100 nm) as being more indicative of actual health risks in people. The emerging field of nanotoxicology meanwhile is providing new insights into how and why certain particles cause damage in the lungs by investigating the effects of exposure in animals to very well characterized engineered nanomaterials.Based on this recent research the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has issued new recommended exposure limits (RELs) for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles that are 2–3 orders of magnitude more stringent than RELs for larger particles of the same or similar substance. It remains unclear at present how stringent future regulations may be for engineered and inadvertently created nanoparticles or ultrafine dusts. Nor is it clear whether verification methods to demonstrate compliance with these rules could or should be devised to differentiate between engineered and inadvertently created nanoparticles.This study presents a review of the history of dust regulation in the United States, how emerging data on the health risks of ultrafine particles and engineered nanoparticles is changing our understanding of the risks of inhaled dust, and how future rulemaking in regards to these and similar particulate materials may unfold.This review shows the extent to which rules on dust have become more stringent over time specifically in the case of diesel emissions and silica exposure, and indicates that new rules on worker exposure to ultrafine dusts or engineered nanomaterials may be expected in the United States within 5–10 years based on past experience on the time delay in connecting research on new hazards to regulatory intervention. Current research suggests there will be several challenges to compliance with these rules depending on the structure of the final rule and the development of detection technologies. Although the research on ultrafine dust control technologies appears to indicate that once rulemaking begins there may be no serious feasibility limits to controlling these exposures. Based on ongoing exposure studies, those industries likely to be most affected by a new rule on ultrafine dusts not specific to engineered nanomaterials will include transportation, mining, paper and wood products, construction, and manufacturing.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Effects of Floral Symmetry on Pollination in Bidens aristosa

Abstract I experimentally examined in Bidens aristosa whether extent of flower symmetry affected pollination by insects. Flowers that were treated to increase asymmetry were visited by significantly fewer pollinators than control flowers. Flowers that remained symmetrical after manipulation showed no change in pollinators relative to the controls. These results suggest that insect pollinators have a preference for symmetrical flowers, and that radially symmetric flowers are better at attracting pollinators than their asymmetric counterparts.
Quantifying the economic and demographic impact of transportation infrastructure investments

Investment in transportation infrastructure has been widely utilized as an instrument for inducing economic growth. Such investment usually leads to job creation and an increase in per capita income that attracts population through migration to the region. This increases the utilization of the transport infrastructure over time, resulting in high levels of congestion. The congestion negatively impacts the attractiveness of the region and the gross regional product GRP. Regions cyclically invest in transport infrastructure that temporally spurs economic activity and migration, and reduces congestion. This research employs a system dynamics simulation approach to capture and mimic the behavior of these complex and cyclical relationships over time. Our approach suggests the modeling of key demographic, transportation infrastructure, travel behavior, and economic activity components to determine the impact of infrastructure investments on regional growth. Given a set of prospective investment scenarios, the model replicates and projects levels of productivity, travel demand, congestion, GRP, and net migration patterns over time. The model also provides insights into the duration of critical cyclical patterns given these prospective infrastructure investments. The simulation model presented in this paper seeks to be utilized as guidance to support decision-making processes that lead to the execution of more exhaustive transportation studies that organize the execution of such investments.
Activated T cells exhibit increased uptake of silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 and increased susceptibility to Pc 4-photodynamic therapy-mediated cell death

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment for malignant and inflammatory dermal disorders. Photoirradiation of the silicon phthalocyanine (Pc) 4 photosensitizer with red light generates singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species to induce cell death. We previously reported that Pc 4-PDT elicited cell death in lymphoid-derived (Jurkat) and epithelial-derived (A431) cell lines in vitro, and furthermore that Jurkat cells were more sensitive than A431 cells to treatment. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of Pc 4-PDT on primary human CD3(+) T cells in vitro. Fluorometric analyses of lysed T cells confirmed the dose-dependent uptake of Pc 4 in non-stimulated and stimulated T cells. Flow cytometric analyses measuring annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) demonstrated a dose-dependent increase of T cell apoptosis (6.6-59.9%) at Pc 4 doses ranging from 0-300 nM. Following T cell stimulation through the T cell receptor using a combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, activated T cells exhibited increased susceptibility to Pc 4-PDT-induced apoptosis (10.6-81.2%) as determined by Pc 4 fluorescence in each cell, in both non-stimulated and stimulated T cells, Pc 4 uptake increased with Pc 4 dose up to 300 nM as assessed by flow cytometry. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of Pc 4 uptake measured in stimulated T cells was significantly increased over the uptake of resting T cells at each dose of Pc 4 tested (50, 100, 150 and 300 nM, p < 0.001 between 50 and 150 nM, n = 8). Treg uptake was diminished relative to other T cells. Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) T cells appeared to take up somewhat more Pc 4 than normal resting T cells at 100 and 150 nm Pc 4. Confocal imaging revealed that Pc 4 localized in cytoplasmic organelles, with approximately half of the Pc 4 co-localized with mitochondria in T cells. Thus, Pc 4-PDT exerts an enhanced apoptotic effect on activated CD3(+) T cells that may be exploited in targeting T cell-mediated skin diseases, such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) or psoriasis.
Characteristics and difficulties in clinical trials of new traditional Chinese drugs

Therapeutic efficacy is the point of starting and ending for research and developing of new traditional Chinese drugs, and clinical trials could provide a good platform for its efficacy evaluation. The characteristics of Chinese patent medicine is clarified in this paper by comparing its difference from Chinese herbal decoction, and the characteristics and difficulties in clinical trials for developing Chinese new drugs were also probed in referrence to the present situation and progress of the concerning topics.
Death cause analysis on injury and poisoning from 2008 to 2012 in Rugao City

[Objective] To investigate death rates for injury and poisoning in Rugao City from 2008 to 2012,so as to provide advisable evidence for government to institute injury prevention strategy.[Methods] The mortality data on injury and poisoning from 2008 to 2012 in Rugao City was analyzed with descriptive statistics by means of population data offered by Public Security Bureau and DeathReg 2005.[Results] From 2008 to 2012,the average annual mortality rate of injury and poisoning was 50.93 per100,000 in Rugao City,and the standardized mortality was 37. 76 per 100,000,ranked fifth in all causes of death,while the potential years of life lost( PYLL) ranked second. The total mortality rate of injury and poisoning was higher in male than in female. The first four death causes in rank order of death cause for injury and poisoning were vehicle accident,accidental falling,drowning,and suicide. The mortality rate declined with age before 15 years old,then the mortality rate rose with age. The vehicle accident ranked first for PYLL,while the accidental mechanic asphyxia ranked first for average years of life lost( AYLL).[Conclusion] Health education for injury prevention must be strengthened. Powerful and effective measures must be taken to decrease the mortality for injury and poisoning according to the characteristics of injury and poisoning death.
Discussion about the Dispersion and Reformation of the Disseminator and Audience on the Current Communication Environment

In the new media communication represented by web2.0 and 3G mobile phones;private no-professional communication is growing beyond the influence effect of Professional communicators in many ways.The traditional concepts of communicators and audiences are getting blurred.This trend is sure to bring a series of new problems.Traditional disseminators have to understand the characteristics of the network communication environment,combining the Traditional strengths with Network characteristics to rebuild our discourse Dominance in the network communication era.
Effect of Prostacyclin on Gastric Emptying and Secretion in Rhesus Monkeys

The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on gastrie emptying and secretion were studied in five unanesthetized chair-adapted rhesus monkeys. A dye dilution technique was used to determine simultaneously gastric fractional emptying, hydrogen ion (H+) output, fluid output, and H+ concentration of the gastric juice. A continuous intravenous infusion of either sodium carbonate buffer (control) or PGI2 (125, 175, or 250 ng/kg/min) was given during a 40-min basal period and following the intragastric administration of an 80-ml water load. During the basal period, 175 and 250 ng/kg/min significantly decreased H+ output compared to control. Only 250 ng/kg/min, however, significantly reduced basal fluid output compared to control. As a result, the H+ concentration of the gastric juice was lowered by both 175 and 250 ng/kg/min. The effects of PGI2 on H+ output, fluid output, and H+ concentration of the secreted juice after the water load were similar to those observed during the basal period. In addition to its antisecretory action, PGI2 inhibited significantly post-load, but not basal, gastric fractional emptying. Because a fall in intragastric H+ concentration is known to enhance fractional emptying, it appears that the retarding effect of PGI2 on fractional emptying is not mediated by its ability to suppress H+ output.
Multi-index time series monitoring of drought and fire effects on desert grasslands

Abstract The Western United States is expected to undergo both extended periods of drought and longer wildfire seasons under forecasted global climate change and it is important to understand how these disturbances will interact and affect recovery and composition of plant communities in the future. In this research paper we describe the temporal response of grassland communities to drought and fire in southern Arizona, where land managers are using repeated, prescribed fire as a habitat restoration tool. Using a 25-year atlas of fire locations, we paired sites with multiple fires to unburned control areas and compare satellite and field-based estimates of vegetation cover over time. Two hundred and fifty Landsat TM images, dating from 1985–2011, were used to derive estimates of Total Vegetation Fractional Cover (TVFC) of live and senescent grass using the Soil-Adjusted Total Vegetation Index (SATVI) and post-fire vegetation greenness using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We also implemented a Greenness to Cover Index that is the difference of time-standardized SATVI-TVFC and NDVI values at a given time and location to identify post-fire shifts in native, non-native, and annual plant cover. The results highlight anomalous greening and browning during drought periods related to amounts of annual and non-native plant cover present. Results suggest that aggressive application of prescribed fire may encourage spread of non-native perennial grasses and annual plants, particularly during droughts.
High-Throughput Screening of HCV RNA Replication Inhibitors by Means of a Reporter Replicon System

Efforts to find effective treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been hampered by the lack of a robust in vitro infectious tissue-culture system for this virus. A subgenomic replicon system was first developed in 1999 and has since been extensively optimized to accommodate the need for conveniently measuring HCV replication in vitro and widely adopted in HCV drug-discovery efforts. Here we describe the adaptation of a modified replicon system for a high-throughput screening (HTS) in anti-HCV drug discovery. In this system, the antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of any experimental compound are measured from a single well. This duplex measurement greatly increases the efficiency of the HTS while lowering the cost. The usefulness of this approach has been supported by the recent discovery of many new lead compounds from our HTS efforts in the past two years.
Obstetrical Events and Adult Schizophrenia

In June, 1939, the dissertation of Barney Katz, “The etiology of the deteriorating psychoses of adolescence and early adult life” was approved by the Faculty of the University of Southern California. Barney Katz’ study was the first empirical test of the hypothesis that obstetrical factors are important in the etiology of schizophrenia. Thirty-one years later, based upon data collected from the Danish high-risk study (Mednick & Schulsinger, 1965), Mednick (1970) hypothesized that genetic predisposition and perinatal complications interact to produce damage to the hippocampus which in turn may elevate risk for schizophrenia (1970). Since that time, many studies have been published examining links between genetic predisposition, obstetrical complications, and schizophrenia. This chapter examines three etiological models which include obstetrical complications as a factor.
Thinking the Flesh with Paul Ricoeur

Paul Ricoeur developed a phenomenology of flesh inspired by Husserl in the 1950s. But while this early phenomenology was developing strongly in the direction of a diagnostics of carnal signification—in tandem with Merleau-Ponty—once Ricoeur took the so-called “linguistic turn” in the 1960s he departed from this seminal phenomenology in order to concentrate more exclusively on a hermeneutics of the text. There are, however, some fascinating reflections in Ricoeur’s final writings which attempt to reanimate a dialogue between his initial phenomenology of the flesh and later hermeneutics of language. I will take a look at these by way of suggesting new directions for a carnal hermeneutics—directions which might bring together the rich insights of a philosophy of embodiment (developed with Husserl and Merleau-Ponty) and a philosophy of interpretation (deriving from Heidegger and Gadamer).
Measuring pain interference

Chronic pain often has significant negative effects on a patient’s overall quality of life, and effective pain treatments can and should result in a decrease in these negative effects. Clinicians can measure a number of quality of life domains that can be negatively influenced by pain such as sleep quality, depression, and general physical functioning (see Chapters 7, 8, and 9, respectively). However, as important as it is to monitor these quality of life domains, many factors in addition to pain intensity can influence them. For example, a patient may have difficulty sleeping because of anxiety or depression in additional to pain. When the clinician wants to assess the specific effects of pain on quality of life, it is best to use a measure of pain interference. The Pain Interference Subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is among the most commonly used measures of this construct [20].
Is enteral administration of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) a palatable alternative to IV injection?: Pre-clinical evaluation in normal rodents

To establish effective methods of enteral 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) administration, the efficiency of FDG absorption in the gastrointestinal tracts following enteral administrations was evaluated using the FDG biodistribution in normal rodents, in combination with various fasting conditions and FDG diluents. The blood FDG curve using hypotonic solution showed a rapid increase, while that in iso- and hypertonic groups showed slow rises. Brain FDG uptake had a close positive correlation with blood AUC (area under curve) and an inverse relationship with the stomach contents.
Agency, accountability and affect: Kindergarten children's orchestration of reading with a friend

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate children's orchestration of their own learning activities. Using a combined framework of participation and situated learning, I focus upon children's embodied directives that are launched in response to a peer's inattention to the reading. The analysis demonstrates: a) that reading together is achieved through children's use of complex, embodied resources (e.g., bald directive forms and touch) that close off activities competing for a peer's attention and which are calibrated in response to the child's non-compliance, and b) that the social force of directives is dependent on the way children overlay verbal directives with affective displays. Attention is also given to the way the teacher emphasizes how children organize their bodies for peer reading. By considering the instructional context along with children's own practices for maintaining order, this paper argues that children creatively adapt aspects of the adult culture to fit the goals of the peer social group, effectively imbuing learning to read with the pleasures of human sociality.
The Elements of Industrial Relations

(1985). The Elements of Industrial Relations. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 592-593.
Computer-aided instruction in dendrology: Preparation for distance learning

Many state legislatures are increasing public access to higher education by establishing more two-year institutions with lower tuition and fees than four-year institutions. This will likely increase the number of students enrolling in two-year institutions and later transferring to four-year institutions. Transfer students presently comprise more than 30% of the University of Arkansas at Monticello’s (UAM) undergraduate forestry majors. These students arrive commonly deficient in six required freshman and sophomore forestry courses and facing four years at UAM to complete their baccalaureate degree. Prospective transfer students need access to freshmanand sophomore-level forestry courses. Forestry majors need tutorials aiding the development of skills and knowledge in plant morphology, identification, nomenclature and silvics. At UAM, dendrology is taught using a combination of computer-based and traditional classroom methods, thereby extending educational experiences to a broader range of learning styles than traditional instruction alone. When combined with distance learning technologies, this approach can potentially reach prospective transfer students. Resolution of course deficiencies reduces problems for transfer students and academic advisors, and homogenizes levels of preparedness leading to higher quality instruction, student understanding and academic success. This paper introduces a series of PC-based tutorials and a format for electronic discussion groups in dendrology intended as part of a package for both resident and distant students. The userfriendly tutorials provide easy access to approximately 120 species of native and exotic woody trees, shrubs and vines of the upper Coastal Plain of the Western Gulf Region. The self examination segment of the software allows students to pretest their skill and knowledge in the morphology, identification, and nomenclature of forest species as part of their preparation for actual examinations. The electronic discussion groups helps students learn from each other while catering to diverse learning styles and study schedules. This approach to dendrology is nontraditional and appeals to students either literate or illiterate in computer usage without reduced participation in traditional classroom experiences.
Effects of Asphalt-Mixture Characteristics and Vehicle Speed on Fuel-Consumption Excess Using Finite-Element Modeling

AbstractThe effects of pavement type on fuel consumption have received considerable attention in recent years, yet the influence of asphalt mixes characteristics and vehicle speed on fuel consumpti...
Potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation by inorganic salts.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of non-toxic dyes excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can destroy all classes of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Selectivity of killing microbes over host mammalian cells allows this approach (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, aPDT) to be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic approach for localized infections especially those that are drug-resistant.Areas covered: We have discovered that aPDI can be potentiated (up to 6 logs of extra killing) by the addition of simple inorganic salts. The most powerful and versatile salt is potassium iodide, but potassium bromide, sodium thiocyanate, sodium azide and sodium nitrite also show potentiation. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. Another mechanism involves two-electron oxidation of...
El continuo dar en otra cosa de Eduardo Milán: símbolo, alegoría y fragmento

Eduardo Milan’s oeuvre is characterized by constant recourse to symbolic and allegorical strategies –as charged with a specifically metonymical function– to the detriment of other traditional rhetorical devices, such as those related to metaphor. These strategies, which the author considers as especially relevant for their scope and creative possibilities, clearly show his authorial stance towards language. Therefore, it is the instability of language, which does not allow the univocal determination of meanings and referents, which can be devised as a crucial aspect in the analysis of Milan’s poetry. Consequently, this paper focuses on an early stage of his poetry (1990-1994), in which the author uses the fragment as the basic unit for his creative processes.
What can Thomas Jefferson’s accounting records tell us about plantation management, slavery, and Enlightenment philosophy in colonial America?:

Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States of America and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence of the American Colonies from Great Britain. Less well known is ...
Human rights as a new development paradigm: A think piece on implications for monitoring and evaluation

In the 1960s, development paradigms considered only economic growth. In the 1980s and the 1990s, development paradigms added social development and then human development. This set the tone for the types of goals later embodied in the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals. A third change is now taking place. Human Rights Instruments have generally recognised that a modern developed society also needs political processes that are transparent and participatory, good governance, a belief that justice will be served, and requires that all forms of discrimination should be recognised and eliminated. International Human Rights Instruments, such as the Convention for the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child require regular reporting on progress to independent monitoring bodies in Geneva. Currently, there is low awareness, and low participation, of evaluators in these reporting processes. This article flags some of the conceptual and operational differences between the human rights approach and a ‘development goals’ approach. In each area of difference, it identifies some of the subjects of analysis that will require evaluators to develop new methods, new allies and even new conceptual frameworks to operate in this new paradigm.
Reeling In Outsourcing: Evaluating Supply Chain Risk And Reward Under Economic Uncertainty

In todays climate of economic uncertainty, companies that have relied on outsourcing in the past to curtail costs are increasingly reeling in their outsourcing decision to more appropriately balance supply chain risk and reward. This paper provides a review of the literature on reversing supply chain outsourcing and frames the sourcing decision in terms of multiple options, including multi- sourcing, near sourcing, and in-sourcing. A decision tree model is presented to aid the decision maker in evaluating the expected value of various sourcing decisions when risks and returns are explicitly considered. Trends and conditions that influence the outsourcing decision are also discussed.
Response Properties of Turtle Auditory Afferent Nerve Fibers: Evidence for a High Order Tuning Mechanism

An early selective advantage of acoustic senses clearly was remote detection of predators (or other dangers) and prey. Therefore, one would expect evolution to have sculpted acoustic receptors for maximum sensitivity. The ultimate limitation on sensitivity is noise, and acoustic receptors must deal with both internal noise (arising from thermal energy within the ear) and external noise (arising from environmental sources, such as the wind). If the spectrum of a signal is different from that of noise, then the signal can be extracted by means of high-resolution spectral filtering; and if the spatial distribution of a signal source is different from that of the environmental noise, then the signal can be extracted by spatial filtering. Given its parallel processing capability and the presence of two ears, the vertebrate CNS is especially well adapted for spatial filtering. Available evidence indicates that this is achieved in large part by temporal correlation (Knudsen,’ 82). Therefore, for maximum sensitivity we expect acoustic sensors to have evolved with peripheral filters that combine high spectral resolution with high temporal resolution. The best way to achieve this combination of properties is to employ a filter with high-order dynamics that produce a relatively broad pass band with sustained, steep high-frequency rolloff and nearly linear phase-vs-frequency. Acting alone, a filter with second-order dynamics, such as those derivable from a simple resonance, cannot do this; indeed it cannot provide high temporal resolution and high spectral resolution at the same time (Lewis’ 87). Therefore, a second-order resonance, acting alone as the peripheral tuning element, appears to be inappropriate for acoustic sensors.
Further Applications of Hypercontractivity

This chapter gives a number of further applications of hypercontractivity to prove superconcentration, including an application to the largest eigenvalue in the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble of random matrices.
Phototherapy and Seizures: Should We Change Practice?

* Abbreviations: HR — : hazard ratio TSB — : total serum bilirubin It is axiomatic that for every treatment there are associated adverse events. For many medical conditions, the risk/benefit assessment of treatment is trivial, with an example being antibiotics for patients with bacterial meningitis. Even the risk of therapies leading to serious adverse events may be outweighed by the potential benefit, such as chemotherapy for a child with leukemia. However, the calculus becomes more difficult when the likelihood of an adverse outcome without treatment is small and/or the patients receiving the treatment are not sick but healthy. Such is the case with phototherapy. In this issue of Pediatrics , Newman et al1 analyzed data from a large and rich database and found an increased risk of subsequent seizures in newborns treated with phototherapy. Although the increased risk was small, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22, and only truly apparent in boys, the results are troubling. Phototherapy is a common therapy for newborns; in the data evaluated by Newman et al,1 ∼8% of ∼500 000 newborns received this treatment for hyperbilirubinemia. Most of the infants who … Address correspondence to James A. Taylor, MD, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Box 354920, Seattle, WA 98195. E-mail: uncjat{at}uw.edu
Assessment of Marital Discord (Psychology Revivals) : An Integration for Research and Clinical Practice

Originally published in 1987 this book was designed to present the most recent research data on assessment of various aspects of marriage. Noted authorities on specific assessment areas provide information on conceptual and practical issues in marital assessment. The chapters include assessment of: behavior; affect; social cognition; communication; sexual dysfunction; child and marital problems; family assessment. All the chapters include reference to specific assessment measures of the areas covered. In addition, for clinical use, one has been selected by each of the authors to represent a state of the art measure that can be used by clinicians. Reliability, validity, and normative data are presented on these measures, which appear in full in the appendix of the text. O'Leary provides a context for this book in the first chapter of the book, and in the final chapter, discusses with his co-author how they begin their assessments, from the initial phone contact, the assessment battery, the interviews with the clients and the couple, to the evaluation of the therapy sessions by the clients.
Quantum transport in zigzag graphene nanoribbons in the presence of vacancies

The effect of vacancies on electronic properties of a zigzag graphene nanoribbon is studied. Vacancies are created by removing carbon atoms on the edge and in the bulk. A tight-binding Huckel model and Green's function methodology are employed to calculate conductance, total density of states, and local density of states (LDOS). The results show interesting behaviors that are notably different from the perfect ribbon, including transmission zeros and modulation in conductance, and changes in the LDOS of neighboring atoms, indicating the formation of localized states. A drop in the highest conductance step by a unit of 2 e2/h is observed for all cases, suggesting the loss of a transmission mode with creation of a vacancy. Interestingly, large increases in LDOS of individual atoms are found at the same energy as transmission zeros or dips in conductance near the Fermi energy. These changes can be shown to be localized near the vacancy, suggesting the formation of localized states that may be causing the conductance dips because of destructive interference between channels.
Population Genetics of Human Space Settlement

Just as we must see to the health of individual people when we venture permanently beyond Earth, we will have to see to the health of our populations—the gene pool, which in practical terms is composed of groups of families. In popular culture this often immediately brings up the spectre of ‘genetic screening’ for space settlement, as depicted in the 1990 film ‘Gatacca’. In that film a draconian genetic-screening programme sought to establish a ‘super race’ of spacefarers. While the film had useful messages about genetic screening generally, it was entirely wrong about what will make for successful populations of people beyond Earth; it is genetic diversity, not uniformity, that is most likely to make for success beyond Earth, as new selective environments and pressures are encountered, and in fact themselves change through time in ways that we will only learn when we experience them. How to maintain genetic health, diversity, then, in the project of space settlement? This chapter tackles this fascinating question by evaluating the well-known drivers of population genetic change, namely mutation, migration, selection and drift. We will also explore important questions of humanity’s Minimum Viable Population, a figure often of interest to space planners but one I suggest is a useful guide only for early populations which I recommend to grow rapidly as insurance against catastrophe, to which small populations are most vulnerable. I also present several formulae useful to estimation of populations of space settlers in various circumstances and mention other current models. Finally, I discuss genetic screening and testing in relation to the issue of the genetic constitution of space-settling populations, and make recommendations regarding extraterrestrial human population sizes based on a broad review of human and other population phenomena and the lessons of several billion years of Earth life evolution; these supply important lessons in the fossil and genetic records. This chapter updates and expands upon work I first published in Acta Astronautica, in 2014, regarding viable populations for interstellar voyaging. While that paper was interesting and useful, the fuller expression of its theory and application are found in this chapter.
Feasibility, reproducibility and accuracy of electrical velocimetry for cardiac output assessment in congenital heart disease.

Abstract Background Noninvasive cardiac output assessment is important for prognostication in patients with heart failure. Electrical velocimetry (EV), an impedance cardiography technique, can be used for noninvasive cardiac output assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility, reproducibility and accuracy of cardiac output assessment by EV in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods Cross-sectional study of CHD patients that had simultaneous cardiac output assessment by Fick and EV (using Cardiotronic monitor, Osypka Medical). We divided the cohort into: Group 1 patients (n = 54) had hemodynamic assessment at rest only, while Group 2 patients (n = 7) had assessment both at rest and peak exercise. Results EV cardiac output assessment was feasible in 100% of the patients. There was good correlation between Fick-derived and EV-derived cardiac index (r = 0.89, p Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of EV cardiac output assessment in adults with CHD. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that EV cardiac output assessment was reproducible under different loading conditions, and that EV can be used for the assessment of cardiac output augmentation at peak exercise.
Vanderbilt Health Affiliated Network Statin Outreach Service

Quality Improvement Success Stories are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes the design and implementation of a pharmacist-led program to improve rates of statin use among appropriate patients in high-risk populations.
Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes Made Using DimethylSulfoxide (DMSO)A Green Solvent

The state-of-the-art manufacturing process of making lithium ion batteries (LIBs) uses a toxic organic and petroleum-derived solvent, N-methylprrolidone (NMP), to dissolve poly vinylidene fluoride ...
The Sciences of Reading and Writing Must Become More Fully Integrated

Science has greatly enhanced what we know about reading and writing. Drawing on this knowledge, researchers have proffered recommendations for how to teach these two literacy skills. Although such recommendations are aimed at closing the gap between research and practice, they often fail to take into account the reciprocal relation that exists between reading and writing. Writing and writing instruction improve students’ reading and vice versa. Theory and evidence that support this reciprocal relation are presented, and implications for the scientific study of reading and writing, policy, and practice are offered, including the proposal that the sciences of reading and writing need to be better integrated.
Murphy’s Mistake, and How to Fix it

In Murphy v. NCAA, the Supreme Court missed a golden opportunity to clarify the murky boundary between permissible preemption and impermissible commandeering. While the Murphy Court correctly held that Congress had commandeered states by prohibiting them from authorizing private activity (sports gambling) under state law, the Court erred in suggesting that the result would have been different had Congress simultaneously prohibited the private activity under federal law. Under a two-part test outlined by Justice Alito, the Court suggested that a federal prohibition on state authorization coupled with a federal prohibition on private activity would constitute permissible preemption rather than impermissible commandeering. This Chapter explains why the Court’s reasoning is mistaken, and it illuminates the consequences for marijuana law – a field in which, unlike sports gambling, Congress has banned many private activities. The Chapter also explains how to fix Murphy’s mistake. Namely, the true test for commandeering is not whether Congress has regulated private parties, but whether Congress has directed states to regulate private parties. This test is consistent not only with the result in Murphy and its commandeering forebears, but also avoids the pitfalls identified herein.
A conservative level set method for N-phase flows with a free-energy-based surface tension model

Abstract We introduce the N-phase Conservative Level Set Free-Energy-based Surface Tension model (NCLS-FEST) for multiphase flow ( N ≥ 3 ). The model minimizes numerical overlaps of fluids and voids between fluids that are found in the standard Conservative Level Set (CLS) method for three fluid phases. The key differences between NCLS-FEST and CLS methods are the multiphase compression-diffusion equation to ensure conservation, an interface with constant width, a physical solution with minimal overlaps and voids between phases at each time step, and a free-energy-based surface tension model. We demonstrate that the NCLS-FEST method has accurate results for N-phase fluid flows involving complicated geometrical configurations, including triple lines in the liquid lens problem for three and four fluid phases, with accurate conservation of mass. Additionally, we show that the NCLS-FEST method can be extended to N-phase fluid-solid flow, where the solid phase is modeled by a static fluid phase.