cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal Biopsy in Pregnancy: Risks, Benefits, Pathologic Findings, and Illustrative Examples

The use of renal biopsy during pregnancy remains controversial. While it is considered safe by some authors, a risk/benefit ratio must still be considered whenever the procedure is contemplated, weighing the risks to maternal health and ultimate pregnancy outcome. One must keep in mind potentiation of bleeding risk in a woman who is preeclamptic or who has uncontrolled hypertension. If the performance of a kidney biopsy is thought to result in a potential change in therapeutic management, it may be reasonable to perform this procedure. Preeclampsia is an important clinical concern but does not usually require biopsy for diagnosis. However, in some situations it may be important to distinguish preeclampsia from other clinicopathologic entities that can mimic or be superimposed upon it. The pathologic features of preeclampsia are well established, but they are not specific to preeclampsia and may even be seen during normal pregnancy.
Masse und Energie

Die grundlegende Beziehung \(E(v=0)=E_0=mc^2\) wird hergeleitet. Der Beweis stutzt sich auf den Vergleich von Messungen des Energieinhalts eines bewegten Korpers, die von verschiedenen Beobachtern durchgefuhrt werden. Wir diskutieren den Unterschied zwischen der Energie eines Korpers und der Masse \(m=E_0/c^2\), die durch die Energie im Ruhesystem eines Korpers bestimmt wird. Wir sprechen uns strikt gegen die Auffassung aus, \(E(v)/c^2\) als eine geschwindigkeitsabhangige Masse anzusehen und fugen auch Kommentare von Einstein und anderen zu diesem Thema bei.
A hands-on approach to teaching the financial concept of diversification

In this article we apply R, a free software, and recent stock-price data to illustrate the portfolio diversification concept, a corner stone of modern finance theory. Currently, recent stock-price ...
Temporo-Corporeal Politics in Shakespeare’s Henry V and Other Monster Texts

This article offers new perspective on Henry V by surfacing a string of overlooked monster references in the play. In Henry V, the intertwining corporeal and temporal uncertainties that monsters em...
Clinical characteristics and management differences for grade II and III spinal meningiomas

The majority of spinal meningiomas are grade I tumors, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO) classification making atypical (grade II) or anaplastic (grade III) tumors extremely rare lesions to encounter in clinical practice. Here, we present our institutional experience of management of grade II and III spinal meningiomas. Following IRB approval, we queried all available institutional electronic medical records for patients undergoing surgical resection of pathology-proven spinal meningiomas, with further review of patients with grade II and III. Variables of interest included age, sex, histological type, tumor size, symptoms at baseline, treatment characteristics, symptom resolution at the last follow-up, recurrence, NF-2 status, concurrent intracranial meningioma, and mortality. Kaplan Meier curves were constructed to study time to progression/recurrence. A total of 188 patients undergoing surgical resection of spinal meningioma between 1988 and 2018 were identified. Among those, 172 (91.5%) patients had grade I meningioma and 16 (8.5%) patients had high grade meningiomas [grade II (15) and III (1)]. Over a median (IQR) follow-up of 8.0 years (5.1–13.0), mortality and recurrence rates were 18.8% (n = 3) and 47.1% (n = 8), respectively. In univariate analysis, adjuvant radiotherapy and thoracic segment involvement were associated with lower rates of recurrence while male sex was associated with a higher rate of recurrence. Results showed variations in clinical outcomes for patients with high grade spinal meningiomas, especially the recurrence. Adjuvant radiotherapy and thoracic segment involvement was associated with lower rates of recurrence while recurrence ocurred at a higher rate in males.
Dilemmas of Double Consciousness — On Being Black in Medicine

Dilemmas of Double Consciousness How does one honor and protect the sanctity of one’s own Blackness while also giving so much of oneself to a health care system that in many ways continues to dismi...
Information transfer with a twist

Holographic duals for CFTs compactified on a Riemann surface $\Sigma$ with a twist are cast in the language of wedge holography. $\Sigma$ starts as part of the field theory geometry in the UV and becomes part of the internal space in the IR. This allows to associate entanglement entropies with splits of the internal space in the IR geometry. Decomposing the internal space in the IR and geometrizing the corresponding subsystems separately leads to two interacting gravitational systems, similar to the intermediate holographic description in braneworld models. For $\Sigma=T^2$ the setups are used to model information transfer from a black hole to a gravitating bath. This leads to Page curves with a phase structure which precisely mirrors that in braneworld models. The transition from geometric to non-geometric entropies is also discussed for $\Sigma=S^2$ as a model for more general internal spaces in AdS/CFT.
Meaningful Change and Responsiveness in Common Physical Performance Measures in Older Adults

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the magnitude of small meaningful and substantial individual change in physical performance measures and evaluate their responsiveness. DESIGN: Secondary data analyses using distribution- and anchor-based methods to determine meaningful change. SETTING: Secondary analysis of data from an observational study and clinical trials of community-dwelling older people and subacute stroke survivors. PARTICIPANTS: Older adults with mobility disabilities in a strength training trial (n=100), subacute stroke survivors in an intervention trial (n=100), and a prospective cohort of community-dwelling older people (n=492). MEASUREMENTS: Gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 6-minute-walk distance (6MWD), and self-reported mobility. RESULTS: Most small meaningful change estimates ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 m/s for gait speed, 0.27 to 0.55 points for SPPB, and 19 to 22 m for 6MWD. Most substantial change estimates ranged from 0.08 to 0.14 m/s for gait speed, 0.99 to 1.34 points for SPPB, and 47 to 49 m for 6MWD. Based on responsiveness indices, per-group sample sizes for clinical trials ranged from 13 to 42 for substantial change and 71 to 161 for small meaningful change. CONCLUSION: Best initial estimates of small meaningful change are near 0.05 m/s for gait speed, 0.5 points for SPPB, and 20 m for 6MWD and of substantial change are near 0.10 m/s for gait speed, 1.0 point for SPPB, and 50 m for 6MWD. For clinical use, substantial change in these measures and small change in gait speed and 6MWD, but not SPPB, are detectable. For research use, these measures yield feasible sample sizes for detecting meaningful change.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Nuclear Electricity Generation Systematic Review and Harmonization

A systematic review and harmonization of life cycle assessment (LCA) literature of nuclear electricity generation technologies was performed to determine causes of and, where possible, reduce variability in estimates of life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to clarify the state of knowledge and inform decision making. LCA literature indicates that life cycle GHG emissions from nuclear power are a fraction of traditional fossil sources, but the conditions and assumptions under which nuclear power are deployed can have a significant impact on the magnitude of life cycle GHG emissions relative to renewable technologies. Screening 274 references yielded 27 that reported 99 independent estimates of life cycle GHG emissions from light water reactors (LWRs). The published median, interquartile range (IQR), and range for the pool of LWR life cycle GHG emission estimates were 13, 23, and 220 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (g CO{sub 2}-eq/kWh), respectively. After harmonizing methods to use consistent gross system boundaries and values for several important system parameters, the same statistics were 12, 17, and 110 g CO{sub 2}-eq/kWh, respectively. Harmonization (especially of performance characteristics) clarifies the estimation of central tendency and variability. To explain the remaining variability, several additional, highly influential consequential factors were examinedmore » using other methods. These factors included the primary source energy mix, uranium ore grade, and the selected LCA method. For example, a scenario analysis of future global nuclear development examined the effects of a decreasing global uranium market-average ore grade on life cycle GHG emissions. Depending on conditions, median life cycle GHG emissions could be 9 to 110 g CO{sub 2}-eq/kWh by 2050.« less
Area-efficient high-throughput VLSI architecture for MAP-based turbo equalizer

We present an area-efficient MAP-based turbo equalizer VLSI architecture by proposing a symbol-based soft-input soft-output (SISO) kernel which processes one multi-bit symbol in every clock cycle. The symbol-based SISO hardware can be shared by the equalizer and decoder, thereby reducing silicon area. Further, by introducing block-interleaved computation in the add-compare-select recursions, the critical path delay is reduced, thereby improving throughput. Experimental results with QPSK modulation and K/spl sup/5 encoder demonstrate that the proposed area-efficient architecture achieves area savings of 47% with 11% throughput gain in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. It is also shown that the throughput is improved by 79% via block-interleaved computation with an area savings of 25%.
Eimeria acervulina Infection in Chicks Fed Deficient or Excess Levels of Manganese

Four experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the effect of duodenal coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina infection on Mn toxicity or deficiency. Coccidiosis depressed gain and efficiency of feed utilization. Weight gain was depressed by 3000 mg/kg Mn, but not by 1500 mg/kg. Coccidiosis exacerbated Mn toxicity as assessed by hematological parameters; it also dramatically increased bone and bile Mn concentrations in chicks fed high levels of Mn. The increase in Mn absorption caused by coccidiosis resulted in a lower dietary requirement for Mn. In fact, the coccidial infection almost doubled the rate of Mn uptake by bone.
Secondary structure maps of ribosomal RNA and DNA: I. Processing of Xenopus laevis ribosomal RNA and structure of single-stranded ribosomal DNA

Abstract Precursor and mature ribosomal RNA molecules from Xenopus laevis were examined by electron microscopy. A reproducible arrangement of hairpin loops was observed in these molecules. Maps based on this secondary structure were used to determine the arrangement of sequences in precursor RNA molecules and to identify the position of mature rRNAs within the precursors. A processing scheme was derived in which the 40 S rRNA is cleaved to 38 S RNA, which then yields 34 S plus 18 S RNA. The 34 S RNA is processed to 30 S, and finally to 28 S rRNA. The pathway is analogous to that of L-cell rRNA but differs from HeLa rRNA in that no 20 S rRNA intermediate was found. X. laevis 40 S rRNA ( M r = 2.7 × 10 6 ) is much smaller than HeLa or L-cell 45 8 rRNA ( M r = 4.7 × 10 6 ), but the arrangement of mature rRNA sequences in all precursors is very similar. Experiments with ascites cell 3′-exonuclease show that the 28 S region is located at or close to the 5′-end of the 40 S rRNA. Secondary structure maps were obtained also for single-stranded molecules of ribosomal DNA. The region in the DNA coding for the 40 S rRNA could be identified by its regular structure, which closely resembles that of the RNA. Regions corresponding to the 40 S RNA gene alternate with non-transcribed spacer regions along strands of rDNA. The latter have a large amount of irregular secondary structure and vary in length between different repeating units. A detailed map of the rDNA repeating unit was derived from these experiments. Optical melting studies are presented, showing that rRNAs with a high (G + C) content exhibit significant hypochromicity in the formamide/urea-containing solution that was used for spreading.
WHAT CAN WE LEARN? EXAMINING INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE SERVICE PROVISION IN THE DEAF COMMUNITY

Recent community-based research indicates that the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the Deaf community exceeds known rates among hearing individuals, yet little is known about services available to Deaf IPV victims. Given the inaccessibility of IPV services, providers (doctors, psychologists, and lawyers) who know American Sign Language become IPV providers while addressing myriad comorbid issues that affect Deaf clients. This article presents data drawn from transcripts of semistructured interviews with 12 interdisciplinary providers who serve the Deaf population. We sought to understand the etiology of abuse involving Deaf victims and what, if any, services are available. We explore similarities and differences between service provision for hearing and Deaf IPV victims. FINDINGS suggest providers working with Deaf IPV victims typically (a) work with victims and perpetrators alike, (b) provide services to couples and families, (c) serve larger geographical areas, and (d) address stigmatization. Perhaps the most important finding is that standard terminology in IPV measures, without linguistic and cultural modifications, may be invalid for use with Deaf individuals. Policy implications are discussed. Language: en
Fatigue and recovery in 12-hour dayshift hospital nurses.

Aim The study investigated the status of acute fatigue, chronic fatigue and inter-shift recovery among 12-hour shift nurses and how they differed by organisational and individual factors. Background While the 12-hour shift has been a widely accepted staffing solution in hospitals, the fatigue-recovery process in nurses working 12-hour shifts remains unclear. Methods A cross-sectional survey was completed by 130 full-time nurses working 12-hour dayshifts in three hospitals to assess the perceived levels of acute fatigue, chronic fatigue and inter-shift recovery, as well as their associations with selected organisational and individual factors. Results Nurses experienced a moderate to high level of acute fatigue and moderate levels of chronic fatigue and inter-shift recovery. Fatigue and recovery levels differed by the interaction between hospital and unit after controlling for individual factors. Lack of regular exercise and older age were associated with higher acute fatigue. Conclusions An unhealthy fatigue-recovery process was found for nurses working a 12-hour shift during the day. Implications for nursing management There appears to be a need to establish fatigue intervention programmes for 12-hour shift nurses in hospitals. Hospital administration, unit managers and staff nurses need to collaborate to achieve a healthy fatigue-recovery balance when implementing 12-hour shifts.
The Dean's Disease: How the Darker Side of Power Manifests Itself in the Office of Dean

The article discusses how the darker side of power manifests itself in the specific office of dean. Commentators since the time of Greek dramatist Sophocles have noted that the exercise of power of...
Stress, Family Social Support, Distress, and Well‐Being in High School Seniors

The role offamily social support in the relationship between stressful life events and distress and well-beingfor high school seniors was explored. Ensel and Lin's independent, deterioration, and counteractive models were examined through the use of structural equation modeling. Both stress-deterring and stress-coping models were supported. The implicationsfor understanding the relationships proposed in these models enables adolescents and their families to use their resources of support to their greatest potential.
Algorithm for locating narrow resonances in coupled-channel quantal scattering calculations

We present a definition for the absolute eigenphase sum for multichannel quantum-mechanical scattering problems. The absolute eigenphase sum is useful for finding resonance, especially very narrow and hard-to-locate ones, for which the savings in computer time can be very large. We have demonstrated the practicality of the method by implementing it to locate a resonance in the diabatic representation with the Numerov method and in the adiabatic representation with R-matrix propagation.
The half-life and abundances of the gamma-rays of bismuth-207

The half-life of207Bi has been redetermined as 32.7±0.8 years. A new set of gamma-ray abundances are aslo calculated.
Stochastic dynamic network interdiction games

Network interdiction problems consist of games between an attacker and an intelligent network, where the attacker seeks to degrade network operations while the network adapts its operations to counteract the effects of the attacker. This problem has received significant attention in recent years due to its relevance to military problems and network security. When the attacker's actions achieve uncertain effects, the resulting problems become stochastic network interdiction problems, and allow the players to adapt to new information collected during the game. In this paper, we study stochastic network interdiction games where the attacker has one or two stages to attack the network, and can collect information on the outcomes of previous attacks. For the single stage problem, we develop a new solution algorithm, based on parsimonious integration of branch and bound techniques with increasingly accurate lower bounds, that obtains solutions significantly faster than previous approaches in the literature. We extend the single stage formulation to a two stage formulation, and develop a new set of performance bounds for this problem. We integrate these bounds into a modified branch and bound procedure that extends the single stage approach to two stages. The efficacy of the new algorithms is shown using simulated experiments with networks studied in previous papers.
Electronically Dissymmetric DIPHOS Derivatives Give Higher n:i Regioselectivity in Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation Than Either of Their Symmetric Counterparts

Electronic effects on rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-hexene with electronically dissymmetric DIPHOS derivatives [3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]2PCH2CH2PPh2 = [DIPHOS−(3,5-CF3,H)] (1), [2-(CF3)C6H4]2PCH2CH2PPh2 = [DIPHOS−(2-CF3,H)] (2), [3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]2PCH2CH2P[2-(CH3)C6H4]2 = [DIPHOS−(3,5-CF3,2-CH3)] (3), and [2-(CF3)C6H4]2PCH2CH2P[2-(CH3)C6H4]2 = [DIPHOS−(2-CF3,2-CH3)] (4) were investigated. Two apical−equatorial chelate isomers were observed for model (diphosphine)Ir(CO)2H complexes of dissymmetric diphosphines 1−4. In each case, the equatorial phosphine of the major isomer (96−60%) had electron-withdrawing aryl substituents. These dissymmetric DIPHOS derivatives were used to test the hypothesis that an electron-withdrawing substituent on an equatorial phosphine increases the hydroformylation n:i ratio while an electron-withdrawing substituent on an apical phosphine decreases the n:i ratio. In agreement with the predictions of this hypothesis, hydroformylation with the dissymmetric diphosphine ligand DIPHOS−...
A two-by-two photonic switch for computer interconnects

Packet switching of single words is desirable for large scale, tightly coupled computer interconnects. The cost of access protocols when using a shared medium does not scale well with network size. Multistage networks with multipath characteristics provide efficient use of optical bandwidth as the number of nodes increases beyond several hundred. In this paper we demonstrate a self-routing switch with contention resolution amenable to these types of network.
Cyclic stress response, strain resistance and fracture behavior of modified 1070 steel

A combined experimental and finite element study of fatigue crack closure in modified 1070 steel has been conducted. In this paper, the material property evaluations required for this study are presented. The monotonic and cyclic stress-strain properties, cyclic stress response, cyclic strain resistance, low cycle fatigue life and fracture behavior are examined. The low cycle fatigue tests were conducted using tension-compression cycling, under total strain amplitude control, over a wide range of strain levels. The material was found to possess medium strength and high ductility; while displaying a strain level dependent combination of cyclic strain softening and hardening behavior. The observed softening behavior is attributed to the rearrangement of dislocations produced by processing, formation of slip bands on the specimen surface and the formation of microcracks. The observed hardening behavior is ascribed to contributions from synergistic influences of dislocation multiplication, dislocation-dislocation interactions and dislocation-microstructural feature interactions. The material followed the strain-life relationships attributed to Basquin and Coffin-Manson. The fracture surfaces of the fatigue specimens showed distinct regions of crack initiation, microscopic-macroscopic crack growth and sudden fracture. The low-cycle fatigue characteristics and fracture behavior are discussed in the light of competing and mutually interactive influences of cyclic strain amplitude, concomitant response stress, intrinsic microstructural effects and dislocation-microstructure interactions during cyclic straining.
An $\epsilon$-Relaxation Method for Separable Convex Cost Network Flow Problems

We propose a new method for the solution of the single commodity, separable convex cost network flow problem. The method generalizes the $\epsilon$-relaxation method developed for linear cost problems and reduces to that method when applied to linear cost problems. We show that the method terminates with a near optimal solution, and we provide an associated complexity analysis. We also present computational results showing that the method is much faster than earlier relaxation methods, particularly for ill-conditioned problems.
Influence of Biotin on Protein Formation in 2 Lactobacilli

SummaryThe data obtained do not indicate that biotin concentration of the medium in excess of that required for optimum growth of organism exerts any positive effect on protein formation in either L. casei or L. arabinosus. On the contrary, a slight negative effect was noted, particularly when L. casei was used as test organism. The results appear to support the observations that lipide formation is preferentially affected by biotin concentration.
Affect and sport in South Asian American advertising

In this article I consider how sport and celebrity athletes are strategically used in advertising tailored toward South Asians in the diaspora, what I refer to as ‘South Asian American advertising’. I discuss how ad executives construct and deploy affect in advertisements to resignify meanings linked to particular sports and analyze the significance of celebrity athletes in creating new diasporic affiliations and identities. Although sport and affect are not generally considered together, in advertising, they can converge to create particular types of brand identities and messaging that appeal to South Asian Americans. Through analysis of affect in ethnographic data collected in Asian American ad agencies in New York City, and in advertisements, I discuss how these ads not only nurture a sense of diasporic collectivity, but also contribute to the construction of South Asian Americans as what I call ‘model consumers’ in a neoliberal era of consumption, and thus contribute to the reformulation of race for A...
Mechanism of Action and Emerging Role of Immune Response Modifier Therapy in Dermatologic Conditions

Immune response modifiers (IRMs) are agents that target the body’s immune system (i.e., cytokines, receptors, and inflammatory cells) to combat disease. Topical IRM therapies, which encompass both proinflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics, have been used to successfully treat a number of dermatologic conditions. Proinflammatory treatments include Toll-like receptor agonists (e.g., imiquimod 5% cream) and interferon (e.g., interferon-α) therapies, which have been used in the treatment of external genital warts, basal cell carcinoma, and other dermatologic diseases. Immunosuppressive therapies include topical and intralesional corticosteroids, anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (e.g., infliximab and etanercept), and anti-CD4+ T-cell agents, including calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate. These agents have been used to treat a number of conditions, including atopic and seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis. This article reviews the mechanism of action of IRMs and the application of IRMs in several dermatologic diseases.
Design principles for packet parsers

All network devices must parse packet headers to decide how packets should be processed. A 64 × 10Gb/s Ethernet switch must parse one billion packets per second to extract fields used in forwarding decisions. Although a necessary part of all switch hardware, very little has been written on parser design and the trade-offs between different designs. Is it better to design one fast parser, or several slow parsers? What is the cost of making the parser reconfigurable in the field? What design decisions most impact power and area? In this paper, we describe trade-offs in parser design, identify design principles for switch and router designers, and describe a parser generator that outputs synthesizable Verilog that is available for download. We show that i) packet parsers today occupy about 1-2% of the chip, and ii) while future packet parsers will need to be programmable, this only doubles the (already small) area needed.
Development of a new airlift-driven raceway reactor for algal cultivation

Abstract This paper presents the development and analysis of a new airlift-driven raceway reactor configuration for energy-efficient algal cultivation. A theoretical analysis of the energy requirements for traditional paddlewheel-driven raceway reactors and the proposed airlift-driven raceway reactors is presented. A hydrodynamic model was developed to predict the liquid circulation velocity in the reactor system based on theoretical energy balance. The predicted liquid velocity agreed well with experimentally measured liquid velocity with r 2 = 0.89. Based on the results of this analysis, the energy required for maintaining typical raceway velocity of 14 cm/s for mixing and keeping the cultures in suspension in a paddlewheel-driven raceway could be reduced by as much as 80% with the proposed configuration. Growth of Scenedesmus sp. was evaluated in a laboratory scale, 20 L version of the proposed reactor configuration using artificial lighting under ambient temperatures without any supplementary carbon dioxide sparging. The volumetric algal biomass productivity achieved in the proposed configuration (0.16 ± 0.03 dry g/L day) is comparable or better than that reported in the literature for paddlewheel-driven raceways.
Interpretation of chromatographic retentions of simple solutes with an amylose-based sorbent using infrared spectroscopy and DFT modeling

The interactions of amylose tris(3,5-dime- thylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC, commercially “Chiralpak AD”) with 10 simple solutes—1-propanol, heptane, heptanol, benzene, propylbenzene, benzyl alcohol, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, diethylamine, and aniline—are studied using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) of thin polymer films, DFT modeling, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ATR-IR is used to determine the changes in the hydrogen bonding states of the C=O and NH groups of the polymer amide I and II bands upon absorption of each of the solutes at 25∘C. DFT modeling with B3LYP/6-311+g(d,p) level of theory is used to predict the IR wavenumbers, the H-bonding interaction energies, and the hydrogen bonding distances of the polymer side-chains with certain solute molecules. The capacity factors of these solutes with ADMPC have been measured at 25∘C in hexane/isopropanol (95/5, v/v) solvent. From IR data and DFT modeling, we conclude that the C=O and NH are key binding sites of the polymer and interact with the functional groups of various solutes. The capacity factors are understood on the basis of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, and dipole-dipole interactions of the C=O, NH, and phenyl groups of the sorbent with OH, NH, NH2, O, phenyl, and N functional groups of the solutes.
A New Effect Observed in Connexion with Electrically ‘Exploded’ Wires

IF a heavy current is discharged through a very thin wire, the wire disintegrates or ‘explodes’ with a brilliant flash of light. Considerable noise accompanies the flash, a shock wave is emitted, and an expanding cloud of disintegration products is formed. It has been shown that exploding wires may be used for coating glass, etc.1. They may also serve as convenient sources of light of high intensity and short duration2. It was found, by means of photographic photometric reduction in four regions of the spectrum, that a copper wire of 2.5 cm. length and 0.0080 cm. diameter, exploded with 17.5 kV. peak voltage and 1.9 µfd. capacitance, gives a total emission of 6.5 × 108 watts/cm.2. This amount can be increased with increasing voltage and capacitance.
A competitive protein binding radioassay for deoxycorticosterone in human plasma.

Abstract A simple, sensitive and reliable competitive protein binding radioassay using dog transcortin has been developed for the measurement of 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) in human plasma. A 1% plasma solution from dexamethasone treated male dogs served as the source of the binding protein. Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography was used for the separation of the steroid prior to assay. The method is sensitive enough to detect 50 pg of DOC. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 11.5% and 11.3% respectively. Water blanks and plasma blanks from adrenalectomized rats and humans gave negligible readings for DOC. Support for the identity of the steroid being assayed as DOC was obtained by subjecting a plasma pool to multiple radioassays using 4 different binding proteins including 2 anti-DOC antibodies. The values obtained in all 4 systems were in good agreement confirming the fact that DOC was the steroid being measured. Morning plasma DOC levels measured in 29 healthy subjects averaged 8.0 ± 1.2 (S.E.) ng% in 14 males, and 8.7 ± 0.9 (S.E.) ng% in 15 females (p > 0.3).
Folding of Europa's icy lithosphere: an analysis of viscous-plastic buckling and subsequent topographic relaxation

Abstract Potential contractional folds on Jupiter's icy moon Europa have been identified. The best example is at the extensional band Astypalaea Linea, where a series of subtle topographic undulations, 25 km in wavelength, possess parasitic tectonic features that support a folding origin. A scenario has been qualitatively proposed, whereby folds form via unstable contraction of the icy lithosphere, compensate for extension elsewhere on Europa, and then subsequently relax. Here, we quantitatively address this scenario, applying a model for viscous-plastic buckling of planetary lithospheres and finite element simulations of topographic relaxation. Our results suggest that the lithosphere of Europa could indeed be unstable, but the low required surface temperatures limit fold formation to higher latitudes, and the high required driving stresses (∼9–10 MPa) are difficult to achieve on the satellite. The depth to the brittle–ductile transition is well constrained, and high thermal gradients are indicated, implying heat flows near 100 mW m −2 . In addition, topographic relaxation progresses so slowly even at these heat flows that it is not a viable mechanism to eliminate such features over the age of Europa's surface. Given the paucity of identified folds, we conclude that the necessary conditions for their formation are rare and that lithospheric folding is a minor mechanism for compensating the large amounts of extension seen elsewhere on Europa.
Vitamin B12 status of east Indian vegetarian lactating women living in the United States

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the vitamin B 12 status of vegetarian, lactating women who had immigrated to the US from India. Women exclusively breast-feeding their 4–20 week old infants were studied [8 lactovegetarians (VEG group), 11 omnivorous women (CONTROL group)]. Fasting maternal blood and breast milk samples were collected and analyzed for B 12 concentrations; a random urine sample was collected from infants to determine methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentration. All subjects, except three VEG, reported taking vitamin supplements containing 2 to 25 μg of vitamin B 12 regularly during pregnancy and lactation. Vitamin B 12 intake from dietary sources and total intake (dietary plus supplement) was significantly lower in the VEG group compared to CONTROL subjects (1.35 ± 0.27 vs 2.61 ± 0.23, p 12 concentrations in VEG women were significantly lower than the CONTROL group (264 ± 52 vs 531 ± 78 pmol/L, p=0.02 and 277 ± 39 vs 544 ± 104 pmol/L, p=0.05; respectively). After controlling for diet, the mean milk vitamin B 12 concentration of mothers at 16–20 wks postpartum was significantly lower than mothers 4–8 wks postpartum (p = 0.04). Assuming that infants consumed 750 ml of milk/d, 75% of infants of VEG mothers and 27% of infants of CONTROL mothers were not consuming the RDA for vitamin B 12 . All MMA concentrations were within normal limits except for one infant whose mother consumed a VEG diet. These results suggest the importance of supplementation with vitamin B 12 during lactation among lactovegetarian women.
Kinematics of automatic guided vehicles with an inclined steering column and an offset distance: criterion for existence of inverse kinematic solution

This article presents the kinematic model of an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) with an inclined steering column and an offset distance. The vehicle configuration considered here employs the front wheel as the driving and steering wheel. From the kinematic model, a criterion is derived to test the existence of inverse kinematic solution. The criterion is a function of the geometric parameters of the AGV and the steering angle of the wheel. From the criterion defined, conditions for the existence of inverse kinematic solution for steering column configurations with and without inclination and offset distance are obtained. The criterion also presents the range of steering angles for which the inverse kinematic solution exists. The criterion signifies the presence of a unique solution for the motion parameters of the wheel, i.e., the wheel speed, steering angle, and steering rate for desired values of the motion parameters of the AGV, i.e., the linear and angular velocities of the AGV. This information is needed for the guidance control of AGVs based upon a kinematic control scheme (dead-reckoning control) without using the absolute position referencing system to follow a predefined path at prescribed linear and angular velocities. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dynamic response of a thin disk subjected to a thermal pulse

The dynamic response of a thin steel disk to a transient thermal pulse induced by a pulsed neodymium-glass laser was studied experimentally and compared with numerical results from a finite-element code. The experiment was designed to provide data for evaluation of a disk sample configuration for proposed erosion and corrosion experiments using laser deposition.
Aircraft measurements made during the spring maximum of ozone over Hawaii: Peroxides, CO, O3, NOy, condensation nuclei, selected hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and alkyl nitrates between 0.5 and 9 km altitude

Between April 22 and May 11, 1992, ten flights of the University of Wyoming King Air were made during the maximum in tropospheric ozone over the central North Pacific Ocean in conjunction with the spring intensive of the second Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment. During the first week of flights, an episode of remarkably large total reactive nitrogen, NO y (∼2 ppbv) persisted in the 5-9 km altitude region for 3-4 days. Backtrajectory calculations combined with the trace gas and aerosol measurements confirm that its source was due primarily to export from northern latitude continental surface regions. The total amount of odd nitrogen transported over Hawaii during this event was estimated to be 1-2% of the annual emissions from subsonic aircraft or from stratospheric input. Throughout the measurement program layers of elevated O 3 , NO y , condensation nuclei (CN), and other species were frequently found between the onset of the marine boundary layer temperature inversion and 4-5 km altitude. Structure and strong gradients within these layers contribute to the daily variations seen at the 3.4 km elevation of the Mauna Loa Observatory during the nighttime downslope flow. The dryness of these low-altitude layers and the calculated air mass trajectories indicate that export from northern latitudes occurred mainly with subsidence to the Hawaii region rather than from transit just above the boundary layer inversion. There was no evidence of recent stratospheric input to the altitude region sampled below 9 km. However, the observations cannot distinguish whether O 3 input from the stratosphere occurred earlier in the air mass histories at higher latitudes. Fine vertical scale anticorrelations between CN and O 3 or NO y were also often observed particularly in the last week of the program when NO y mixing ratios were more typical of the remote troposphere. These features are attributed to new particle formation near the tops of cloud convection episodes and they illustrate the importance of such processes in contributing to the detailed layering and dilution of some chemical species in the free troposphere during this time of year. Mean and median profiles for many of the title species are given for high and low-to-moderate NO y categories.
Asian rhinos Rhinoceros unicornis on the run? Impact of tourist visits on one population

We evaluated the impact of tourist visits on Asian rhinos Rhonoceros unicornis in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, by comparing the rhino's behavior during and after elephant-borne tourist visits to their behavior before visits. During the visits, the rhinos spent more time on alert and less time feeding. Close approaches (especially those under 10 m) were more disruptive, and frequently displaced the rhinos from the meadows where they preferred to feed. Visits were short (20·7 min average) and rhinos that were not driven out re-established their pre-visit pattern of behavior within 14 min of the tourists' departure. Moreover, these rhinos' home ranges overlapped extensively and individuals ranged widely so that each individual's encounters with tourists were usually several days apart. Eliminating close approaches would make these tourist visits relatively benign. However, this finding cannot necessarily be extended to other populations that might have different social systems.
TH-C-17A-06: A Hardware Implementation and Evaluation of Robotic SPECT: Toward Molecular Imaging Onboard Radiation Therapy Machines

Purpose: To construct a robotic SPECT system and demonstrate its capability to image a thorax phantom on a radiation therapy flat-top couch. The system has potential for on-board functional and molecular imaging in radiation therapy. Methods: A robotic SPECT imaging system was developed utilizing a Digirad 2020tc detector and a KUKA KR150-L110 robot. An imaging study was performed with the PET CT Phantom, which includes 5 spheres: 10, 13, 17, 22 and 28 mm in diameter. Sphere-tobackground concentration ratio was 6:1 of Tc99m. The phantom was placed on a flat-top couch. SPECT projections were acquired with a parallel-hole collimator and a single pinhole collimator. The robotic system navigated the detector tracing the flat-top table to maintain the closest possible proximity to the phantom. For image reconstruction, detector trajectories were described by six parameters: radius-of-rotation, x and z detector shifts, and detector rotation θ, tilt ϕ and twist γ. These six parameters were obtained from the robotic system by calibrating the robot base and tool coordinates. Results: The robotic SPECT system was able to maneuver parallel-hole and pinhole collimated SPECT detectors in close proximity to the phantom, minimizing impact of the flat-top couch on detector-to-COR (center-ofrotation) distance. In acquisitions with background at 1/6th sphere activity concentration, photopeak contamination was heavy, yet the 17, 22, and 28 mm diameter spheres were readily observed with the parallel hole imaging, and the single, targeted sphere (28 mm diameter) was readily observed in the pinhole region-of-interest (ROI) imaging. Conclusion: Onboard SPECT could be achieved by a robot maneuvering a SPECT detector about patients in position for radiation therapy on a flat-top couch. The robot inherent coordinate frame could be an effective means to estimate detector pose for use in SPECT image reconstruction. PHS/NIH/NCI grant R21-CA156390-01A1
Cefotaxime Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

We studied cefotaxime in the treatment of gonococcal and nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. Cefotaxime was uniformly effective against gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. However, 4 of 11 patients with nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease had a suboptimal response.
Ritz finite elements for curvilinear particles

A general finite element is presented for the representation of fields in curvilinear particles in two and three dimensions. The formulation of this element shares many similarities with usual finite element approximations, but differs in that nodal points are defined in part by contact points with other particles. Power series in the geometric coordinates are used as the starting basis functions, but are recast in terms of the field variables within the particle interior and the points of contact with other elements. There is no discretization error and the elements of the finite element matrices can all be evaluated in closed form. This approach is applicable to shapes in two and three dimensions, including discs, ellipses, spheres, spheroids, and potatoes. Examples are included for two-dimensional applications of steady-state heat transfer and elastostatics. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testosterone inhibits transforming growth factor-β signaling during myogenic differentiation and proliferation of mouse satellite cells: Potential role of follistatin in mediating testosterone action

Testosterone (T) administration is associated with increased satellite cell number and skeletal muscle hypertrophy, although there is considerable heterogeneity in the response of different skeletal muscle groups to T in vivo. We investigated the effects of T on the growth and differentiation of satellite cells isolated from levator ani (LA) and gastrocnemius (gastroc) muscles. T up regulated follistatin (Fst) expression, but down regulated the mRNA and protein expression of a number of genes in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-signaling pathway. Inhibition of Fst expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited myogenic differentiation and blocked the pro-myogenic effects of T. Treatment of satellite cells with T or Fst up regulated the expression of Pax7 and PCNA, and increased their proliferation. T and Fst blocked TGF-β induced inhibition of growth and myogenic differentiation and down regulated TGF-β-dependent transcriptome in both LA and gastroc cells. We conclude that T stimulation of satellite cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation are associated with up regulation of Fst and inhibition of TGF-β-signaling.
Part and Attribute Discovery from Relative Annotations

Part and attribute based representations are widely used to support high-level search and retrieval applications. However, learning computer vision models for automatically extracting these from images requires significant effort in the form of part and attribute labels and annotations. We propose an annotation framework based on comparisons between pairs of instances within a set, which aims to reduce the overhead in manually specifying the set of part and attribute labels. Our comparisons are based on intuitive properties such as correspondences and differences, which are applicable to a wide range of categories. Moreover, they require few category specific instructions and lead to simple annotation interfaces compared to traditional approaches. On a number of visual categories we show that our framework can use noisy annotations collected via "crowdsourcing" to discover semantic parts useful for detection and parsing, as well as attributes suitable for fine-grained recognition.
Small-molecule libraries: naturally inspired oligomers.

The design of a small-molecule library for drug discovery attempts to combine the favourable diversity of natural product structures with the modularity of peptide synthesis.
Expression of Frizzled genes in developing and postnatal hair follicles.

Embryonic hair follicle development and postnatal hair growth rely on intercellular communication within the epithelium and between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Several members of the WNT family of paracrine intercellular signaling molecules are expressed in specific subsets of cells in developing and mature mouse hair follicles, suggesting them as candidates for some of the intercellular signals that operate in these organs. As WNT ligands activate several different signaling pathways, they may play multiple and complex roles in developing and postnatal skin. To begin to investigate these functions, we have used in situ hybridization to identify cells that express Frizzled (Fz) WNT receptor genes, and so are potentially receptive to WNT ligands. We find that several Fz genes are specifically expressed at sites of known activity of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, allowing us to identify candidate receptors for canonical WNT ligands important in appendage development. The expression of additional Fz genes is specifically elevated at locations and developmental stages other than those that display WNT/β-catenin pathway activity, suggesting that signaling through alternate WNT pathways may contribute to the development and function of skin and hair.
Industrial diversity and economic performance in U.S. areas

It has often been suggested that economic diversity enhances economic performance, either by promoting higher levels of economic well-being or by improving the ability of regions to cushion the adverse effects of economic cycles. This is the conventional wisdom, but it has not been adequately tested. This study undertakes an investigation of the various aspects of economic diversity to determine whether support can be found for these assumptions by testing them with data from the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the ten-year period from 1972 to 1981. The results suggest that no strict assumptions should be made regarding a clear relationship between economic diversity and growth and stability of unemployment, and per capita incomebased measure of economic performance.
On the power of bootstrap tests for stationarity: a Monte Carlo comparison

This paper studies the behavior of recently proposed bootstrap tests for the null hypothesis of stationarity when the data are generated under the alternative hypothesis of a unit root. Using Monte Carlo experiments and empirical examples, it is shown that the power of these tests critically depends on the type of bootstrap employed. Specifically, while tests based on the stationary bootstrap have power functions that are increasing with respect to sample size, those based on the sieve bootstrap have non-monotonic power functions. We argue that this difference arises from the fact that the latter procedure does not impose the null hypothesis when generating the bootstrap samples while the former ensures that the bootstrap samples are stationary, conditional on the original data. Our results therefore suggest that while both forms of bootstrap are effective at providing improved distributional approximations under the null hypothesis, it is important to pay careful attention to the particular type of bootstrap being employed when attempting to distinguish between the unit root and stationarity hypotheses as the choice of bootstrap can have crucial implications for the power of the resulting tests.