cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure-activity relationships and kinetic analyses of polyribonucleotide inhibition of human cellular deoxynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes.

Abstract Fifteen polyribonucleotides were tested as inhibitors of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TDT) and DNA polymerase α, β, and γ activities. Seven were inhibitory and of these five contained purine residues and two contained pyrimidine residues. Poly (2′-O- methyladenylic acid ) selectively inhibited TDT, poly (1,N 6 - ethenoadenylic acid ) selectively inhibited TDT and DNA polymerase γ, and the other inhibitors (poly(G), poly(I), poly(X), poly(U), and poly(4-thiouridylic acid)) were not selective except for poly(U) which did not inhibit TDT. Of the eight non-inhibitory polymers, three contained purine residues and five contained pyrimidine residues. The structure-activity relationships of these results indicate that polyribonucleotides containing purine residues generally are more inhibitory than those containing pyrimidine residues and that the type of substituent at the 6 position of the purine ring plays an important role in inhibition. In general, inhibitory polyribonucleotides were competitive inhibitors of TDT and DNA polymerase α and β activities with respect to template/initiator and non-competitive inhibitors with respect to substrate (deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates). In contrast, inhibition analysis of DNA polymerase γ activity with respect to template was not linear and thus complex. Inhibition of TDT and DNA polymerase α and β activities was linear with time and reversed by both simple dilution and extra template/initiator, but not reversed by extra enzyme except for inhibition by poly(4-thiouridylic acid). Inhibition of DNA polymerase γ activity was reversed by extra template (poly(A) · poly(dT)12–18) but not by extra substrate (dTTP). Two inhibitions of DNA polymerase γ activity were progressive with time and reversed by extra enzyme (poly(G) and poly(I)); two other inhibitions were linear with time and not reversed by extra enzyme (poly(U) and poly (1,N 6 - ethenoadenylic acid ) ); and two additional inhibitions were linear with time and reversed by extra enzyme (poly(X) and poly(4-thiouridylic acid)). Preincubation of inhibitory polyribonucleotides with either TDT or DNA polymerases α or β or their respective template/initiators yielded the same results as non-preincubated reactions except for the preincubation of poly(4-thiouridylic acid) with DNA polymerase β which was more inhibitory than preincubation with template or non-preincubated reactions. Preincubation of inhibitory polyribonucleotides with DNA polymerase γ resulted in greater inhibition than preincubation with template or non-preincubated reactions. These results suggest that inhibitory polyribonucleotides generally are classical competitive inhibitors of TDT and DNA polymerase α and β activities with respect to template/initiator but that inhibition of DNA polymerase γ is more complex.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed [2+2], [2+2+2], and [2+2+2+2] Cycloadditions of Dienes or Alkynes with a Bis-ene

A novel metal-catalyzed, all-alkene [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction involving a strained and conformationally restricted bis-ene and a diene is reported. Modification of the catalyst leads to competition with a diene-ene [2+2] reaction, and when an alkyne was used in place of the diene, [2+2+2] and [2+2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions occurred involving the bis-ene and 1 or 2 equiv of the alkyne.
COMPOSITE / ELEMENTARY EXTENDED TECHNICOLOR

Abstract We propose an extended technicolor model in which some of the fermions and technifermions are composite, while others are elementary. Isospin symmetry is broken in a new way: ( U L , D L ), U R are composite while D R is elementary. This leads to compositeness effects in the charge 2 3 quark mass matrix not present in the charge −1 3 quark mass matrix. The low-energy theory contains three generations of quarks and leptons plus a family of technifermions in the 7 rep of SO(7). The technicolor theory has a slowly running coupling constant, allowing ETC scales to be raised, and FCNC's to be suppressed. The model predicts the imminent observation of the following unobserved processes: D 0  D 0 mixing, K + → π + μ ± e ∓ , K s μ ± e ∓ .
Trigonometric series and theories of integration

This essay was written in response to my experience in teaching the definite integral of a function of one variable. In covering the topic first in freshman calculus, then in advanced calculus, and finally in a course on real variables, these questions would occur to me repeatedly: What is the need for more general theories of integration? To what mathematical use can these theories be put? Is there a way that we can justify the time spent on developing the theories of Riemann and Lebesgue integration, a context in which their development seems natural and answers previously unanswered questions? The usual justification for the development of these theories is the desire for generality, the tendency to see how far concepts can be pushed in an effort to get at their essence. If this motivating principle is acceptable to both students and instructor then the above questions are perhaps less urgent. But my classroom experiences have suggested to me that something more would be helpful, namely an idea of the necessity for the new concepts within a mathematical framework. As an example, consider the transition from the Riemann to the Lebesgue integral. The usual view of the inadequacy of the Riemann integral is that the theory is incomplete because one can have a sequence of functions, each of which is Riemann integrable, but whose pointwise limit function is not. From an advanced viewpoint, say, that of function space theory, that is indeed a drawback, but should it be considered as one by a student of advanced calculus? After all, limit functions do not always share the properties of their defining sequences-continuity is an example of this. A related problem is that of reversing the order of integration and summation, and of convergence theorems in general: Why all the concern over the weakest conditions that assure that lim I = fj blim O fn? Of what use are these theorems? (Some answers will be given later in this paper.) In doing some background preparation for a seminar in Fourier series, I learned about their history, and I believe that the connection with trigonometric series can be useful in putting these integration issues into a context. The three main integration theories that we teach can roughly be attributed to Cauchy, Riemann, and Lebesgue, and each of these men was very interested in trigonometric series. Cauchy devoted a paper to the subject [7], Riemann introduced his integral in a classic on the series, [19], and Lebesgue devoted several papers and a short book to them [15], [16]. (Books [3], [12], and [14] are excellent general references for this material.) This paper is an attempt to show how we may pedagogically relate integration theories and trigonometric series. Let us begin with a simple question seemingly unrelated to integration: Is there a closed-form analytic representation for an arbitrary real-valued function defined on [-w, 7]? That is, can every function defined on this
Synthesis of (±)-CP-99994: A highly potent substance P antagonist

Abstract The synthesis of racemic CP-99,994, a highly potent substance P antagonist is reported. The synthesis outlined here is suitable for developing structure activity relationships for this important class of compounds.
Solitary wave solutions for modified forms of Degasperis Procesi and Camassa Holm equations

Abstract Solitary wave solutions for modified forms of Degasperis–Procesi and Camassa–Holm equations are developed. Unlike the standard Degasperis–Procesi and Camassa–Holm equations, where multi-peakon solutions arise, the modification caused a change in the characteristic of these peakon solutions and changed it to bell-shaped solitons. The tanh method and the sine–cosine method are used to achieve this goal.
Reactions of the metal-metal triple bond in Cp2Mo2(CO)4 and related complexes

Abstract The reactions of the MM triple bonds in compounds of type Cp 2 M 2 (CO) 4 (M = Cr, Mo or W) are reviewed. These reactions are grouped under the headings of synthesis and structures of Cp 2 M 2 (CO) 4 -type compounds, nucleophilic additions to the MM bonds, reactions with 1,3-dipoles, oxidative reactions with nonmetals, and cluster-building reactions. Literature coverage is until the end of 1985 with 102 references.
The Balmer Series of Hydrogen, and the Quantum Theory of Line Spectra

Balmer Series of Hydrogen.---(1) A rigid comparison of experimental with theoretical results is the main purpose of the paper. It is concluded that Merton's measurements of the separation, half-width and relative intensity of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ and ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ doublets check with values derived from the recent Bohr-Kramers developments of the quantum theory, if a general field of 100 volts per cm. is assumed. After the fine structure has been analyzed and the "circle" line computed, determining the position of the components from the Sommerfeld theory and the relative intensities from the Bohr-Kramers theory, the frequencies of all lines are fitted into the Bohr relativity formula. (2) The Rydberg constant for H is then calculated to be 109,677.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2. (3) A discussion of observations in mixtures of hydrogen and helium made by Merton and Nicholson at relatively high pressures concludes the paper.Rydberg spectral series constant for a nucleus of infinite mass is computed to be 109,736,9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2.
Spatial domains in the developing forebrain: Developmental regulation of a restricted cell surface protein

We have isolated a monoclonal antibody, mAb 52G9, that recognizes a 55-kDa cell surface protein restricted to the early embryonic rat forebrain and to placode-derived structures. In the central nervous system (CNS), 52G9 immunoreactivity appears at Embryonic Day 11 (E11) in the rostral-most area of the telencephalon. It then spreads to the neuroepithelium of the telencephalon and basal diencephalon. Most strikingly, it appears at E14 in a distinct zone at the caudal end of the ventral diencephalic neuroepithelium. This area is sharply defined by strong 52G9 immunoreactivity bounded by unlabeled neuroepithelium. The pattern revealed by 52G9 is the first biochemical demonstration of spatial domains in the forebrain at a time prior to neuronal differentiation. By E18, 52G9 immunoreactivity has progressively disappeared from the forebrain; the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb is the only 52G9-positive area in the CNS. The olfactory, otic, and hypophyseal placodes, which can be identified as early as E10, are also 52G9 positive as are their derivatives, the sensory epithelia of the nasal passage and inner ear, and also Rathke's pouch. The distribution and regulation of the 52G9 protein suggests that this novel cell surface molecule may be involved in the formation of spatial domains in the developing forebrain.
Diffusion and correlation effects in iron-doped CoO

Abstract The diffusion of 59 Fe and 60 Co has been measured in pure CoO and dilute iron-doped CoO, (Co 1− c Fe c O, as a function of temperature (1000–1400°C) and oxygen partial pressure P o 2) , (10 −7 ≦ P o 2 ≦ 0 21 atm) The enhancement factors for the diffusivities of iron and cobalt are nearly identical, which suggests that the primary cause of the enhancement is the increased concentration of charge-compensating cation vacancies with the addition of iron. The Fe ions dissolved in CoO appear to exist as a mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions, the fraction of iron ions in the three-plus state decreases with decreasing P o 2 The simultaneous diffusion of 52 Fe and 59 Fe has been measured as a function of (itpo; at 1200°C The correlation factor for Fe impurity diffusion determined from the isotope-effect measurements is about the same as that for self-diffusion in CoO at high (itP o 2 (2 × 10 −3 ≦ p o 2 ≦ 0 21 atm), but increases slightly with decreasing p O 2 Both the enhancement-effect and isotope-effect experiments suggest that the nearestneighbor interactions between Fe ions and vacancies is small, and that the dissolved Fe ions do not have strongly bound electron holes.
The Institutional Dimensions of Fisheries Stock Assessments

Coastal states were granted ample authority to conserve and manage resources within their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) as a result of the codification of 200-mile exclusive economic zones at the Third Law of the Sea Convention. With this authority came the responsibility to acquire a scientific understanding of these resources sufficient to inform sustainable policies. Two decades later, it would appear that the transmission of scientifically sound advice into long-term sustainable policies has proved more difficult than anticipated. This paper examines the linkage between fisheries stock assessments and fisheries policy and argues that institutional structure affects perceptions of salience, credibility and legitimacy and, as a result, the influence of fisheries stock assessments on fisheries policy. More specifically, I argue here that fisheries stock assessment processes that are embedded within policymaking organizations are more influential within those organizations than outside of them. Conversely, autonomous assessments are more influential than embedded assessments with a broad range of stakeholders affected by fisheries policies but less influential within the policymaking organizations themselves. The empirical illustrations of these points include an examination of fisheries stock assessments in Canada, the United States and Australia.
The moral foundation of international intervention and the limits of national self‐determination

Where international intervention cannot be justified by international law, nor by UN action, it is often justified by absolute moral principle. But popular moral discourse does not differentiate among legal rights, humanitarian rights and political rights. Rights are claimed indiscriminately on individual grounds, cultural grounds, collective social grounds, state sovereignty grounds, and political grounds. Often enough, these appeals derive from different and incompatible philosophical positions. Although the moral significance of the material and the cultural interests of the victims of injustice may be invoked in imposing obligations on some or all states, the interests of obligated states are rarely legitimated as an integral part of their own moralpolitik.
The performance of the Cuban sugar industry, 1981–1985

Abstract During the period of Cuba's Second Five-Year Plan (1981–1985), the sugar industry continued to perform well. Both production and yields per hectare rose, the material conditions for workers improved, labor productivity increased, the mechanization of the harvest proceeded rapidly, large investments were made in modernization, and there were substantial savings in fuel use. There were also, however, problems. The output of the sugar industry was well below expectations, the new cooperatives fared poorly, free market sales of Cuban sugar dropped along with prices, and there were considerable difficulties from an agricultural point of view. Cuba also initiated a number of important organizational changes during this period. Huge agro-industrial complexes were established, there was some decentralization of authority down to the brigade level, and large cooperatives were formed from private farms.
Instrumentation and sampling strategies for cooperative concurrency bug isolation

Fixing concurrency bugs (or "crugs") is critical in modern software systems. Static analyses to find crugs such as data races and atomicity violations scale poorly, while dynamic approaches incur high run-time overheads. Crugs manifest only under specific execution interleavings that may not arise during in-house testing, thereby demanding a lightweight program monitoring technique that can be used post-deployment.We present Cooperative Crug Isolation (CCI), a low-overhead instrumentation framework to diagnose production-run failures caused by crugs. CCI tracks specific thread interleavings at run-time, and uses statistical models to identify strong failure predictors among these. We offer a varied suite of predicates that represent different trade-offs between complexity and fault isolation capability. We also develop variant random sampling strategies that suit different types of predicates and help keep the run-time overhead low. Experiments with 9 real-world bugs in 6 non-trivial C applications show that these schemes span a wide spectrum of performance and diagnosis capabilities, each suitable for different usage scenarios.
Tracking phototactic responses and modeling motility of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803 exhibits phototaxis by moving along a surface towards a light source. This process requires Type IV pili and a phytochrome-like photoreceptor coupled to a complex signal transduction pathway. Cells progress through different phases of interaction before the development of finger-like projections moving in the direction of the light that are characteristic of phototaxis. To probe the interaction between individual cells during the initial phase of phototaxis we tracked and analyzed a large number of cells. We observed that individual cells have limited motility, but when cells divide and/or aggregate to attain a certain minimal group size, enhanced motility and phototaxis is observed. At the later stages of motility, there is noticeable phototactic behavior which results in the appearance of the finger-like projections. Our results indicate that cells prefer to move over areas previously traversed by other cells and confine themselves to these areas and that cells alter local surface characteristics allowing for enhanced motility. Based on cell tracking data we present a preliminary random walk model showing the forces that might interact to create the typical phases of phototaxis and motility. In this model, we can simulate the formation of finger-like projections that are characteristic of phototaxis.
The emergence of simian virus 40 variants in a persistent infection of rhesus monkey kidney cells and their interaction with standard simian virus 40.

Abstract In a persistent infection of rhesus monkey kidney cells with SV40, a heterogenous population of variant particles emerges to replace the large plaque standard SV40 used to initiate the infection. The variants include defective interfering (DI) particles which reach detectable levels at week 6 and which are in excess of plaque forming units (PFU) by week 9. Stocks which contain an excess of DI particle activity contain an excess of particles able to produce T antigen, but not V antigen. Homotypic interference by SV40 DI particles results from a competitive interaction with standard SV40 during replication. Between weeks 7 and 10 of persistent infection, the large-plaque standard SV40 is replaced by infectious small-plaque particles. Between weeks 14 and 28 the uncloned carrier culture stocks became temperature-sensitive for replication. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed some changes in carrier culture viral DNA with the first changes evident by week2. Nevertheless, as late as week 57, most of the viral DNA from the carrier system yielded restriction endonuclease fragments indistinguishable from standard virus fragments.
Differential expression of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase transcripts in human brain tumors: evidence for the expression of a multitranscript family.

Abstract In addition to the important role of leukotrienes as mediators in allergy and inflammation, these compounds are also linked to pathophysiological events in the brain including cerebral ischemia, brain edema, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier in brain tumors. Although brain tumors have been shown to secrete leukotrienes, no studies to date have provided evidence for the tumor expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in leukotriene production. Therefore, the present study determined the abundance of the mRNA for arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO; arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.34), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in leukotriene synthesis, in a series of human brain tumors. Macrophage/monocyte infiltration of the tumor was estimated by measuring the abundance of the transcript for the 91-kDa glycoprotein phagocyte-specific oxidase (gp91-phox), which is the phagocyte-specific cytochrome b heavy chain. The present study shows that (i) the 5-LO transcript is expressed in normal bovine brain and in human brain tumors; (ii) the 5-LO gene in human brain tumors and in the dimethyl sulfoxide-induced promyelocytic human leukemic HL-60 cells is expressed as a multitranscript family (2.7, 3.1, 4.8, 6.4, 8.6 kilobases); and (iii) the abundance of 5-LO transcripts, the expression of the larger transcripts, and the 5-LO/gp91-phox ratio correlate with the tumor malignancy. Overall, the present study supports the hypothesis that the 5-LO gene product may play a role in human tumor-induced brain edemas and provides evidence for tumor-associated expression of high molecular weight 5-LO transcripts in human brain tumors.
Sensory Processing, Problem Behavior, Adaptive Behavior, and Cognition in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

OBJECTIVE. This retrospective study explored sensory processing characteristics in preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); the relationships between sensory processing and problem behavior, adaptive behavior, and cognitive function; and the differences in sensory processing between two subgroups (autism and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified). METHOD. Study measures included the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, and Mullen Scales of Early Learning. RESULTS. Most of the children with ASD had sensory processing challenges, and a significant relationship was found between SSP total scores and problem behavior scores; however, no significant relationships were found between SSP total scores and adaptive behavior and cognitive functioning. Although all the children had low Vineland scores, approximately one-quarter of the children had typical SSP scores. No significant differences in SSP scores were found between the subgroups. CONCLUSION. The findings highlight the importance of comprehensive evaluations for children with ASD.
Depolarization-Mediated Regulation of Alternative Splicing

Alternative splicing in eukaryotes plays an important role in regulating gene expression by selectively including alternative exons. A wealth of information has been accumulated that explains how alternative exons are selected in a developmental stage- or tissue-specific fashion. However, our knowledge of how cells respond to environmental changes to alter alternative splicing is very limited. For example, although a number of alternative exons have been shown to be regulated by calcium level alterations, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. As calcium signaling in neurons plays a crucial role in essential neuronal functions such as learning and memory formation, it is important to understand how this process is regulated at every level in gene expression. The significance of the dynamic control of alternative splicing in response to changes of calcium levels has been largely unappreciated. In this communication, we will summarize the recent advances in calcium signaling-mediated alternative splicing that have provided some insights into the important regulatory mechanisms. In addition to describing the cis-acting RNA elements on the pre-mRNA molecules that respond to changes of intracellular calcium levels, we will summarize how splicing regulators change and affect alternative splicing in this process. We will also discuss a novel mode of calcium-mediated splicing regulation at the level of chromatin structure and transcription.
An Auroral Enhancement of O2λ1.27-μm Emission

Abstract The ground-level zenith radiance of the atmospheric emission at λ 1.27 μm was radiometrically observed to increase by a factor of approximately two with the onset of an IBC III + auroral breakup above Chatanika, Alaska, on 10 March 1975. Time-resolved optical spectra clearly show that the slow component of the enhancement is associated with the (0,0) band of the infrared atmospheric system of O 2 . Photometric and incoherent scatter radar data are used to define the energy-deposition profile and the absolute energy flux for the event. The magnitude of the O 2 λ 1.27- μm enhancement compares favourably with the predictions of an auroral excitation model which includes only secondary-electron excitation of molecular oxygen in the O 2 ( a 1 Δ g ) source term.
Response to “Aerosol Iron Deposition to the Surface Ocean — Modes of Iron Supply and Biological Responses” by P.W. Boyd, D.S. Mackie, and K.A. Hunter

Boyd et al. (in press) propose a relatively simple tool that observationalists can use to constrain the extent to which biological events, such as observed episodic phytoplankton blooms, are driven by dust supply to the ocean environment. In their paper, they use this tool to examine four case studies from the literature, one of whichwas authored by Lenes et al. (2001). Boyd et al. (in press) definitively conclude that the 100-fold Trichodesmium biomass increase on the West Florida shelf (WFS) that occurred by July 1999 could not be attributed to the alleviation of iron (Fe) limitation by deposition of Saharan dust. Their calculations of iron deposition incorporate multiple assumptions related to atmospheric dust concentration, solubility, wet deposition, and air column height. In all iron deposition studies, large uncertainties are associatedwith each of these variables. For example, as acknowledged in their work, iron solubility can range over 5 orders of magnitude with changes in medium, pH, and particle size. While dissolution rates for soil dust are low (b1–2%; Jickells and Spokes, 2001), solubility can be substantially increased by organic complexation, and the proximity of the WFS region to industrial centers can greatly enhance the acidity of mineral aerosols due to mixing with SO2 and NOx (Jickells et al., 2005). Boyd et al. (in press) calculated that 600 μmol Fe m−2 was available for wet deposition in one day during the 27 June–4 July dust event. Given a 5-m surface mixed layer (SML) and a 2% dissolution rate, a net concentration increase of 2.4 nmol L−1 would result in the SML. This is similar to the ~3 nmol L−1 mean offshore iron concentration reported on 5–7 July (Lenes et al., 2001). In addition, this estimate does not account for increased SML iron concentrations from a prior dust event on 15–17 June. Similarly, Boyd et al. (in press) misunderstand the properties of the Saharan Air Layer (SAL). The SAL is an elevated layer of hot, dry, dust-laden air that originates over the Sahara (Prospero and Carlson, 1972). Over the Caribbean and southern Florida the layer is typically 2 km thick and extends to an altitude of 3–4 km, sometimes higher (Gatz and Prospero, 1996; Reid et al., 2003). Furthermore, Boyd et al. (in press) assume that the measured surface dust concentration is applicable to the SAL; in reality, dust concentrations in the layer are on average about three times higher than concentrations at the surface (Prospero and Carlson, 1972; Reid et al., 2003). Considering these
Minimum distance and pseudodistance lower bounds for generalised LDPC codes

Two different ways of obtaining generalised low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are considered. Lower bounds on the minimum distance, stopping distance and pseudodistance are derived for these codes using graph-based analysis. These bounds are generalisations of Tanner's bit- and parity-oriented bound for simple (LDPC) codes. The new bounds are useful in predicting the performance of generalised LDPC codes under maximum-likelihood decoding, graph-based iterative decoding and linear programming decoding, and rely on the connectivity of the Tanner graph.
The role of the supraglottic airway in general anaesthesia for Caesarean section

Summary The role of supraglottic airway devices in general anaesthesia for Caesarean section has been controversial, although there is increasing evidence for their use in the difficult obstetric airway. With the introduction of airway devices (LMA classic) especially those with oesophageal drains (LMA Proseal, LMA Supreme), their role for use in low-risk elective Caesarean sections have been investigated in cohort trials. The supraglottic airway devices form an integral part of the difficult obstetric airway algorithm during the ‘cannot intubate, cannot ventilate' scenario. The safety of these devices needs to be further defined including the risk of aspiration and regurgitation with larger clinical trials.
MR Molecular Imaging of Aortic Angiogenesis

Objectives The objectives of this study were to use magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging to 1) characterize the aortic neovascular development in a rat model of atherosclerosis and 2) monitor the effects of an appetite suppressant on vascular angiogenesis progression. Background The James C. Russell:LA corpulent rat strain (JCR:LA-cp) is a model of metabolic syndrome characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and vasculopathy, although plaque neovascularity has not been reported in this strain. MR molecular imaging with ανβ3-targeted nanoparticles can serially map angiogenesis in the aortic wall and monitor the progression of atherosclerosis. Methods Six-week old JCR:LA-cp (+/?; lean, n = 5) and JCR:LA-cp (cp/cp; obese, n = 5) rats received standard chow, and 6 obese rats were fed the appetite suppressant benfluorex over 16 weeks. Body weight and food consumption were recorded at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. MR molecular imaging with ανβ3-targeted paramagnetic nanoparticles was performed at weeks 0, 8, and 16. Fasted plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose were measured immediately before MR scans. Plasma insulin and leptin levels were assayed at weeks 8 and 16. Results Benfluorex reduced food consumption (p 0.05) was observed in the benfluorex-treated or lean rat groups. MR differences paralleled adventitial microvessel counts, which increased (p 0.05). Body weight, insulin, and leptin were decreased (p Conclusions Neovascular expansion is a prominent feature of the JCR:LA-cp model. MR imaging with ανβ3-targeted nanoparticles provided a noninvasive assessment of angiogenesis in untreated obese rats, which was suppressed by benfluorex.
Two new species and a new combination in Manfreda (Agavaceae)

Two new species ofManfreda are named,M. longibracteata from Michoacan, Mexico, andM. sileri, a succulent-leaved species from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas and Mexico.Agave hauniensis is transferred toManfreda.
A survey of spectral morphology and rotational velocities among the helium-rich stars

A spectroscopically homogeneous listing of all known members of the helium-rich B star category is presented together with uniform estimates of their rotational velocities. Equivalent widths of hydrogen, helium, and metal lines in the spectra of the helium-rich and comparison stars are given. The distribution of rotational velocities is found to be indistinguishable from that of normal early B dwarfs, except for a possible excess of rapid rotators. The existence of metal abundance anomalies in the helium-rich spectra is critically discussed, as is the identification of helium-rich stars as massive Population I objects with normal main sequence cores and surface helium enhancements, or as low mass highly evolved objects with processed cores.
7.34-μs continuously tunable parametric delay

A wavelength-transparent, continuously-tunable 7.34-μs all-optical delay is demonstrated for 10-Gb/s NRZ signal by cascading discrete and continuous stages. 3.7- to 4.3-dB penalty is reported for the entire system that includes four successive silicon-based parametric processes.
Characteristic zonal winds and long-lived vortices in the atmospheres of the outer planets.

The cameras on board the NASA Voyager spacecraft provided a survey of cloud systems within the atmospheres of the giant planets and allowed determination of zonal wind patterns, which constrain long‐lived cloud systems. The basic atmospheric circulations are compared and long‐lived cloud features are reviewed. The basic structure of the Great Red Spot is reviewed and the tendency of the spot to drift at −4 m s−1 or −2 m s−1 is presented.
A Note on the Asymptotic Behavior of the Depth of Tries

We analyze the depth distribution of digital trees called tries. Assuming that the trie is constructed from n statistically independent binary strings, we compute the probability that the depth is equal to k . We study this probability asymptotically, for n and / or k large. We obtain detailed results for $ n \to \infty $ and various ranges of k . This supplements previous work, which mostly involves computing the limiting distribution as $ n \to \infty $ . Our analysis also gives an accurate description of the tails of the probability distribution. If the symbols in the string are zeros and ones, we assume they occur independently with respective probabilities q and p=1-q . We study the symmetric model (p=q= $\frac12$ ), the nonsymmetric model $ (p \ne q) $ , and the ``nearly symmetric'' model. In the latter we have $ n \to \infty $ and simultaneously p-q $ \to $ 0. Here we obtain a new limiting probability distribution, that interpolates the well-known extreme value (p=q) and normal $(p \ne q)$ distributions.
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Ginger roots have been used to treat inflammation and have been reported to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX). Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to screen a chloroform partition of a methanol extract of ginger roots for COX-2 ligands, and 10-gingerol, 12-gingerol, 8-shogaol, 10-shogaol, 6-gingerdione, 8-gingerdione, 10-gingerdione, 6-dehydro-10-gingerol, 6-paradol, and 8-paradol bound to the enzyme active site. Purified 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol inhibited COX-2 with IC(50) values of 32 μM, 17.5 μM and 7.5 μM, respectively. No inhibition of COX-1 was detected. Therefore, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol inhibit COX-2 but not COX-1, which can explain, in part, the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger.
Distilling Wisdom from Practice: Finding Meaning in PDS Stories.

Abstract Much of what has been written about the Professional Development School (PDS) experience consists of recounting personal experiences. However, these accounts often offer little to readers since they are neither good research nor good storytelling. In this article I draw on mythology, folklore, psychology and literature to suggest that effective storytelling can serve the same function in nurturing PDS culture as it does in the maintenance of culture in general. After identifying potential story elements in the PDS experience, I propose ways in which to borrow from various literary genres to create PDS stories that are more engaging and meaningful.
Exploiting the structure of the constraint graph for efficient points-to analysis

Points-to analysis is a key compiler analysis. Several memory related optimizations use points-to information to improve their effectiveness. Points-to analysis is performed by building a constraint graph of pointer variables and dynamically updating it to propagate more and more points-to information across its subset edges. So far, the structure of the constraint graph has been only trivially exploited for efficient propagation of information, e.g., in identifying cyclic components or to propagate information in topological order. We perform a careful study of its structure and propose a new inclusion-based flow-insensitive context-sensitive points-to analysis algorithm based on the notion of dominant pointers. We also propose a new kind of pointer-equivalence based on dominant pointers which provides significantly more opportunities for reducing the number of pointers tracked during the analysis. Based on this hitherto unexplored form of pointer-equivalence, we develop a new context-sensitive flow insensitive points-to analysis algorithm which uses incremental dominator update to efficiently compute points-to information. Using a large suite of programs consisting of SPEC 2000 benchmarks and five large open source programs we show that our points-to analysis is 88% faster than BDD-based Lazy Cycle Detection and 2× faster than Deep Propagation. We argue that our approach of detecting dominator-based pointer-equivalence is a key to improve points-to analysis efficiency.
Suppression of X-ray induced transformation by vitamin E in mouse C3H/10T12 cells

Abstract Vitamin E ( d -α-tocopherol) was shown to decrease X-ray induced transformation in mouse C3H/10T 1 2 cells. The d -α-tocopherol was active in the form of succinate diluted in ethanol, but was inactive at the highest nontoxic concentration of the pure substance dissolved in oil and diluted in acetone. Vitamin E succinate was effective when present throughout the entire assay period or when treatments began after confluence was reached at day 12 post-irradiation. It was ineffective if present only for the early portion of the radiation transformation assay period, indicating that its effect may be reversible. Vitamin E did not suppress the growth and expresion of transformed C3H/10T 1 2 cells as foci when the transformed cells were surrounded by a monolayer of normal cells.
Structure and Dimensions of PAMAM/PEG Dendrimer−Star Polymers

Dendrimer−star polymers are prepared by grafting monofunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains of low polydispersity onto the terminal groups of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. A novel gel permeation chromatography technique is used to calculate the average number of PEG branches (“arms”) per star. The maximum number of PEG arms (of Mn = 5000 g mol-1) ranges from about 30 arms for a generation 3 dendrimer−star to about 750 arms for a generation 10 dendrimer−star. Radii of gyration of the stars are measured in dilute solution in a good solvent (methanol-d4) by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The stars have measured radii of gyration of about 6−14 nm. Theoretical dimensions of the stars in dilute solution in a good solvent are calculated by treating the stars as a shell of linear chains tethered to a spherical core. The radii of gyration computed from the core−shell model are consistent with the dilute solution values from SANS.
Chemisorption of isobutane and neopentane on Ir(110)

Abstract Molecular beam techniques have been employed to investigate the chemisorption of isobutane and neopentane on Ir(110) at surface temperatures, T s , from 85 to 1000 K. The beam translational energies, E i , varied from 3.1 to 31 kcal/mol for isobutane, and 1.8 to 48 kcal/mol for neopentane. For T s T s P a , remained nearly independent of surface temperature between 100 and 300 K for isobutane, and 110 and 350 K for neopentane for different beam impact energies. For T s =100 K, isobutane adsorbs molecularly with an intrinsic trapping probability, ξ , equal to 0.96 at E i =3.1 kcal/mol while neopentane adsorbs molecularly with ξ =0.94 at E i =1.8 kcal/mol and T s =110 K. In contrast, for isobutane with T s between 300 and 1000 K, and for neopentane with T s between 350 and 1000 K, the initial adsorption probabilities decrease with increasing T s . For both molecules, the adsorption probabilities show characteristics of both trapping-mediated and direct dissociative chemisorption which dominate the kinetics for low and high impact energies, respectively. A kinetic model is proposed, which includes CH bond cleavage reaction pathways.
Enhanced wireless channel authentication using time-synched link signature

Wireless link signature is a physical layer authentication mechanism, which uses the unique wireless channel characteristics between a transmitter and a receiver to provide authentication of wireless channels. A vulnerability of existing link signature schemes has been identified by introducing a new attack, called mimicry attack. To defend against the mimicry attack, we propose a novel construction for wireless link signature, called time-synched link signature, by integrating cryptographic protection and time factor into traditional wireless link signatures. We also evaluate the mimicry attacks and the time-synched link signature scheme on the USRP2 platform running GNURadio. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of time-synched link signature.
Measurement of deformation fields in polycrystalline OFHC copper

Abstract Validation of continuum crystal plasticity models for polycrystalline materials requires experiments with sub-grain scale resolution, performed on materials with realistically small grain sizes. To date only limited experiments have been performed to investigate displacement fields with resolution well below the grain scale over a wide field for polycrystals with realistic grain sizes. This paper explores high-resolution in-plane material stretch and rotation fields measured at the sub-grain scale for ensembles of 10–20 grains in 70 μm grain-size OFHC Cu. Using a novel photolithographic technique, a series of micron-scale grids were deposited onto the surface specimens that were subsequently subjected to compression or torsion to effective strains up to unity. The resulting grid patterns for compression exhibit a tendency toward localization of stretch and rotation fields, with larger grains less highly deformed. For the case of shear, there is a reduced tendency towards microstructural scale localization of the in-plane stretch and rotation fields.
Sex differences on elementary cognitive tasks despite no differences on the Wonderlic Personnel Test

Abstract Whether males and females differ in general mental ability (GMA) remains an open question. Complicating the issue is that standardized IQ tests are constructed to minimize sex differences. We propose a potential solution whereby GMA is measured via performance on elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs). ECTs assess basic information-processing ability, yet correlate moderately highly with GMA. Toward this end, we had male (n = 218) and female (n = 226) undergraduates complete the Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT), and two ECTs: inspection time (IT) and reaction time (RT). The sex difference on the WPT was non-significant (d = .17), but small differences favoring males existed for IT (d = .34), RT (d = .26), the standard deviation of RT (d = .30), and an ECT factor score (d = .38). Unlike standardized IQ tests, ECTs may be a viable research tool to help clarify and illuminate the nature of sex differences on GMA.
Poverty and Public Policy

The problem of poverty is particularly acute in India. With 14% of the world’s population, we have the misfortune of having almost twice as large a share of the world’s poor. Indeed, as I shall presently underline, the question of poverty and its amelioration has been at the center of our concerns from the beginning of our planning efforts almost four decades ago. Little therefore can be said on it that some distinguished Indian economist has not already said. In some ways, therefore, to talk on the design of public policy for poverty to an Indian audience is to carry coal to Newcastle or. as the old saying goes, to teach your grandmother how to suck eggs. Nonetheless, I hope to provide a fresh perspective by putting the problem into an explicit analytical framework that permits alternative policy designs to be sharply defined and contrasted. I also intend to draw on international experience to put our efforts and problems into both historical and comparative perspectives.
It's Complicated: Latinos, President Obama, and the 2012 Election*

Objective Assess Latino support past, present, and future for President Obama and his policies, and the role of the Latino vote in the 2012 election. Methods Examine Latino voting patterns, administrative decisions and legislation enacted by President Obama affecting Latinos, and Latino public opinion polls to evaluate potential support for Obama by Latinos. Results Despite disappointment and anger over immigration policy by President Obama, Latinos still indicate high levels of support for him and willingness to vote for him in the 2012 elections. Obama has demonstrated his commitment to issues salient to the Latino community in addition to appointing a large number of Latinos to top-ranking government positions. The influence of the Latino vote in 2012 is dependent on voter mobilization in competitive places. Conclusion Latinos in the 2012 election could play a significant role in the presidential race but also in congressional races if they turn out in high numbers in competitive places to ensure their numbers result in influence.
Monoclonal Antibody Detection of CD46 Clustering beneath Neisseria gonorrhoeae Microcolonies

CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), a complement-regulatory protein that participates in innate and acquired immunity, also serves as a receptor for viral and bacterial pathogens. CD46 isoforms terminate in one of two cytoplasmic tails, Cyt1 or Cyt2, which differ in signaling and trafficking properties. Dissecting the functions of the two cytoplasmic tails in these cellular processes has been hampered by the absence of specific reagents. Here we report the construction of Cyt1- and Cyt2-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These MAbs recognize unique epitopes within the tails and can be used for immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation. Studies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae-infected cells with the CD46 tail MAbs demonstrate the differential recruitment of Cyt1 and Cyt2 to the cortical plaque.
Flexible and transparent microplasma devices for ultraviolet medical treatment

Summary form only given. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of dermato-oncologic conditions is an area of great interest to the scientific and medical community. Also, low dose exposure of UV light to the infected area has shown remission in several skin diseases with few side effects. To deal with these medical conditions, low-cost and hand-held incoherent lamps can be a promising solution because of their convenient accessibility to the affected tissue. Lightweight and UV-A transparent microcavity plasma devices have been fabricated on plastic substrates by replica molding techniques. Polymer-based replica molding processing enables precisely controlled fabrication of complex arrays in an inexpensive, transparent, and flexible substrate that is both disposable and recyclable. The depth of each microcavity was ~80 microns, and aluminum foil and mesh were used as electrodes. The device was designed to emit UV light in a single direction. Plastic based arrays have been demonstrated that generate uniform glow discharges confined to microcavities over a broad range of gas mixtures and pressure. To control device performance, gas pressures, electrode geometry and configuration have been changed. Details concerning the performance of these microplasma sources will be presented.
Demographic and organizational variables that affect southeastern college and university student health promotion.

Abstract This study examined the relationship between demographic and organizational variables and college student health promotion efforts. Two hundred and forty-one college administrators from 14 southern states were surveyed to determine factors that may affect college student health promotion programming. Enrollment, tuition, affiliation, and highest degree offered were the demographic variables that were examined. The organizational variables were goals, control, motivation, interaction, and decision making. The methods of gathering information regarding student health problems, the kinds of health promotion programs offered, the methods of publicizing the programs, and the extent of student participation in health promotion programs were the dependent variables. The statistical tests for the effects of the demographic and organizational variables on student health promotion efforts indicate that a relationship does exist. Combined multiple regression analysis equations that include all of the organi...