cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of coexisting secondary users in heterogeneous cognitive radio network

In this paper, we propose an analysis framework for the performance of heterogeneous cognitive radio networks with multiple different secondary users (SU) coexisting and competing for spectrum access. In order to model the operation of different SUs in a feasible manner, we use a bank of Markov models, where each SU is modeled by a separate Markov model. The individual Markov models are connected implicitly in their transitional probabilities. Expressions for the transitional probabilities are derived by analyzing the mutual interference among the SUs. The throughput of each SU and the overall CRN can thus be calculated. In addition, to set up a comparison basis for evaluating the optimality of the CRN throughput, we optimize the SU channel access by solving a sum-of-ratios linear fractional programming. Simulations are conducted to verify the proposed techniques and to compare the throughput of the CRN under random channel access over the throughput under the optimized channel access.
Kinetics and equilibria of the reductive and oxidative half-reactions of human renalase with α-NADPH.

Renalase is a recently discovered flavoprotein that has been reported to be a hormone produced by the kidney to down-modulate blood pressure and heart rate. The consensus belief has been that renalase oxidizes circulating catecholamine neurotransmitters thereby attenuating vascular tone. However, a convincing in vitro demonstration of this activity has not been made. We have recently discovered that renalase has α-NAD(P)H oxidase/anomerase activity. Unlike most naturally occurring nucleotides, NAD(P)H can accumulate small amounts of the α-anomers that once oxidized are configurationally stable and unable to participate in cellular activity. Thus, anomerization of NAD(P)H would result in a continual loss of cellular redox currency. As such, it appears that the root purpose of renalase is to return α-anomers of nicotinamide dinucleotides to the β-anomer pool. In this article, we measure the kinetics and equilibria of renalase in turnover with α-NADPH. Renalase is selective for the α-anomer, which binds with...
Talking over a beam of light: electro-optics suitable for K-12

A kit of electro-optical components is described which, when assembled and aligned, allows one to transmit voice signals over a beam of light. The kits were developed for TOPTICS '92, an optics convention held in the city of Tucson to showcase local optical companies and education opportunities to the public-at-large. One aspect of the convention was to involve school children with the world of optics. These kits proved to be an excellent way to link educators and their students with parents, optics professionals, and even the local media. The kits consist of all the necessary electrical components to build a transmitter (using an LED) and a receiver (using a phototransistor). The circuits are assembled on an electronic breadboard which is part of the storage case for the parts themselves. Optically, the light beam is collimated and focused using inexpensive Fresnel lenses. Distances over which one's voice may be sent are variable, determined by one's ability in optical alignment. Students in the 5th grade were the first to use the kits, sending their voices about 200 feet. The educational success of these kits is described in this paper.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in insulating materials by artificial plasmon production: Application to uranium compounds

The concept of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is reviewed. The currently held position within the spectroscopic community is that the enormous SERS enhancement effect, sometimes as much as fourteen orders of magnitude, can be partially related to surface roughness but mostly to surface plasmons (polaritons). The plasmon states are absent in electrical insulators, thus precluding the applicability of the powerful SERS technique in analysing the surface conditions of these materials. This communication describes a technique for extending the SERS process to materials that have little or no intrinsic electrical conductivity.
Thoracic mural thrombi: a case series and literature review

Thoracic mural thrombi (TMT) are rare but an important source of distal emboli. Treatment options are dynamic, ranging from open, endovascular to conservative therapies. We report two cases of TMT, one successfully treated with thoracic aortic endoluminal stent placement for visceral and peripheral embolization, the second treated conservatively for digital embolization secondary to TMT in the innominate artery.
Intralesional steroid injections for peptic esophageal strictures

The majority of benign esophageal strictures are of peptic origin. t , 2 The clinical history typically includes chronic gastroesophageal reflux with progressive dysphagia. Medical management consists of reflux control measures and periodic mechanical esophageal dilations. Although some investigators have reported that the latter therapy is effective in treating benign esophageal strictures,2,3 others have demonstrated high recurrence rates with decreasing recurrence intervals after bougienage. Clearly, some patients with benign strictures do not achieve acceptable symptom relief despite an intensive dilation schedule and gastroesophageal reflux therapy. These patients are often elderly with comorbid conditions that greatly increase the risk of surgical therapy. In addition, in our experience, some patients find bougienage uncomfortable and will delay needed dilation therapy despite the presence of symptoms. Successful treatment of benign esophageal strictures using intralesional steroid injections has been reported in uncontrolled studies.s We report the results of a pilot study where two patients have demonstrated dramatic objective and subjective benefit after intralesional steroid injections of their strictures.
Postmodernism and the Marketing Organization

It seems that postmodernism is no longer a theory or a philosophical stance but a reality which impacts upon many facets of life in, specifically, Western societies. It is represented in world views which are increasingly becoming prominent, and also in the conditions, such as, hyperreality, fragmentation, decentring of the subject, reversal of production and consumption, paradoxical juxtaposition of opposites, and non‐commitment to meta‐narratives, which seem omnipresent in postmodern culture. Under the circumstances, organizations can no longer continue with business as usual. They will have to develop an understanding of their markets and employees under the conditions of postmodernity.
RhoA and DIAPH1 mediate adrenocorticotropin-stimulated cortisol biosynthesis by regulating mitochondrial trafficking.

Steroid hormones are formed by the successive action of enzymes that are localized in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Compartmentalization of these enzymes in different subcellular organelles dictates the need for efficient transfer of intermediary metabolites between the mitochondrion and ER; however, the molecular determinants that regulate interorganelle substrate exchange are unknown. The objective of this study was to define the molecular mechanism by which adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) signaling regulates communication between mitochondria and the ER during steroidogenesis. Using live cell video confocal microscopy, we found that ACTH and dibutyryl cAMP rapidly increased the rate of mitochondrial movement. Inhibiting tubulin polymerization prevented both basal and ACTH/cAMP-stimulated mitochondrial trafficking and decreased cortisol secretion. This decrease in cortisol secretion evoked by microtubule inhibition was paralleled by an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone production. In cont...
Enhancing information management through data mining analytics to increase product sales in an e-commerce platform

This paper addresses the utilisation of complementary technologies to more effectively identify and accommodate the market demand for product documents available via an e-commerce platform. More specifically, it investigates the utilisation of data mining methodologies to enhance the information management of e-commerce data to better identify consumer purchasing patterns and preferences for engineering-based documents. By enhancing the knowledge of consumer behaviour through the effective transformation of data into actionable information, organisations can enhance the e-commerce functionality to more effectively direct consumers to the existing products that are available within a document repository. The result is a higher volume of sales for existing customer visits and increased customer satisfaction.
Investigation of photoluminescent effect in opal glasses used as diffuse reflectance standards

Pearlescents as a transfer standard for the calibration of goniospectrocolorimeters and Japanese opal has been used for manyyears as a transfer standard in paper colorimetry. The accurate characterization of photoluminescence in these opal glasses isimportant in determining their suitability for these applications. These measurements were performed on the NRC ReferenceSpectrofluorimeter over the wavelength range 250-800 nm. It was found that the photoluminescent effect was weakest in theRussian opal glass MS 14 and strongest in the Japanese opal. Both types of Russian opal glass exhibit a single broad emissionband from 320-450 nm (max=370 nm) which is excited by UV radiation from <250-320 nm (max=280 nm). The Japaneseopal glass exhibits two emission bands: from 340-550 nm (max=440 nm) and from 340-480 nm (max=400 nm), excited byUv radiation in the ranges <250-280 nm (max<250 nm) and 250-340 nm (max=3 10 nm), respectively. The former emission
Neural network metamodeling for cycle time-throughput profiles in manufacturing

Abstract This paper proposed a neural network (NN) metamodeling method to generate the cycle time (CT)–throughput (TH) profiles for single/multi-product manufacturing environments. Such CT–TH profiles illustrate the trade-off relationship between CT and TH, the two critical performance measures, and hence provide a comprehensive performance evaluation of a manufacturing system. The proposed methods distinct from the existing NN metamodeling work in three major aspects: First, instead of treating an NN as a black box, the geometry of NN is examined and utilized; second, a progressive model-fitting strategy is developed to obtain the simplest-structured NN that is adequate to capture the CT–TH relationship; third, an experiment design method, particularly suitable to NN modeling, is developed to sequentially collect simulation data for the efficient estimation of the NN models.
High Performance 2G-HTS Wire Using a Novel MOCVD System

We present the development of a novel Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) system aimed at producing high performance 2G-HTS wire in the ARPA-E GRIDS program on Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage. A susceptor-free MOCVD system with non contact optical temperature monitoring and highly laminar parallel flow in a confined volume has been developed to address the issues of a-axis grain formation and low precursor conversion efficiency in conventional MOCVD designs. For the first time, near-1000 A/12 mm critical current tapes have been achieved by MOCVD in single pass deposition of 1.8-μm REBCO (RE = rare earth) on IBAD-MgO/LMO substrates. In addition, completely a-axis free films have been grown to thickness up to 4 μm, while the precursor conversion efficiency has been increased by 40%. The system and REBCO film characteristics, as well as further development aims will be presented.
Destruction of halogenated methanes by non-electron capture processes within an electron capture detector

Abstract The rates of destruction of 8 halogenated methanes by processes other than dissociative electron capture (EC) reactions have been measured within an ionization cell for which conditions are identical to those existing within an electron capture detector (ECD) for gas chromatography (GC). It is shown that additional destructive processes are distinctly operative for CCl4 and CBrCl3, but not for CH2Br2, CH3I, CHBr3, CHFBr2, CF2Br2, and CHCl3. In these measurements, CFCl3 as a reference compound for which no extra-EC destruction with an ECDE is assumed. This assumption is based on previous uses uses of CFCl3 as reference compound in related studies and on additional measurements provided in the present study. It is shown that the most likely mechanism for the extra-EC destruction of CCl4 is a reaction of this compound on the walls of the ion source which have been chemically activated by the deposition of gas phase free radicals. The rate of this wall-assisted destruction of CCl4 is increased with use of lower temperatures and approaches unit efficiency upon wall collisions at room temperature. The implications of these results for the quantitative analysis of halogenated compounds by the ECD are discussed.
In-situ testing at the U.S. Department of energy's waste isolation pilot plant

Abstract The in-situ Testing Program at the U.S. Department of Energy's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is providing answers to questions about the efficacy of storing radioactive wastes in the geologic medium of natural salt deposits. Specific issues, such as the capability of disposal rooms to adequately confine the waste and the ability of salt beds to isolate radiation from the environment, are integral to the safety of long-term waste storage. The in-situ Testing Program is aimed at the total repository system, emphasizing the concepts of waste confinement and isolation. The three technical areas—Thermal/Structural Interactions (TSI), Waste Package Performance (WPP), and Plugging and Sealing (P&S)—together respond to the many issues associated with these concepts. Some of the in-situ tests closely simulate the two-dimensional geometry of earlier laboratory tests and, therefore, afford a direct comparison between the models and the field. Other tests simulate the proposed repository configuration, so that any effects created by this configuration can be identified. The challenge faced by the in-situ Testing Program is to investigate the issue of radioactive waste storage in a salt repository environment well enough to provide dependable predictions of the long-term effects of waste disposal. The program, which is expected to be active into the 1990s, will continue to gather important information for improving the repository designs.
The microwave spectrum and rotational structure of the 1Δ and 3Σ electronic states of sulfur monoxide

Abstract The spectrum of 1Δ and 3Σ SO has been studied in the millimeter and submillimeter region of the microwave spectrum. This expanded spectral coverage has made possible the measurement of twenty-two previously unobserved transitions, several of which are necessary for an accurate calculation of the energy levels. As a result, it is now possible to calculate the rotational transitions between energy levels for which J ≤ 10 in both the ground 3Σ electronic state and the excited 1Δ electronic state to an accuracy comparable to that of the microwave measurements themselves (≲ 1 MHz). Among the molecular constants calculated are; for the 1Δ state: B0 = 21 295.405 MHz, D0 = 0.0350 MHz, ωe = 1108 cm−1, and r 0 = 1.4920 A ; and for the 3Σ state: B0 = 21 523.561 MHz, D0 = 0.03399 MHz, λ0 = 158 254.387 MHz, γ0 = −168.342 MHz, ϱ0 = 0.305 MHz, r 0 = 1.4840 A , Be = 21 609.552 MHz, λe = 157 779.2 MHz, and r e = 1.4811 A .
Aggregating music recommendation Web APIs by artist

Through user accounts, music recommendations are refined by user-supplied genres and artists preferences. Music recommendation is further complicated by multiple genre artists, artist collaborations and artist similarity identification. We focus primarily on artist similarity in which we propose a rank fusion solution. We aggregate the most similar artist ranking from Idiomag, Last.fm and Echo Nest. Through an experimental evaluation of 300 artist queries, we compare five rank fusion algorithms and how each fusion method could impact the retrieval of established, new or cross-genre music artists.
The management of acute bone loss in severe catabolism due to burn injury

Reduced bone formation has been documented in both children and adults following burn injury of > or = 40% total body surface area. In children, reduced bone formation and hypercalciuria may be the underlying causes of acute and sustained reduction in bone mineral density. The possible consequences of this reduction are an increase in extrapolated annual fracture incidence and reduced peak bone mass. Excessive endogenous glucocorticoid production, immobilization, bone marrow suppression, and magnesium depletion are all postulated as underlying causes. The most promising potential management agent is recombinant human growth hormone, which can stimulate bone formation via production of insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) and its associated binding protein, IGFBP-3, which correlates with bone mineral density in adults. Long-term treatment may be necessary to see a positive effect on bone formation and bone density. Correcting any detected magnesium depletion, and exercise as tolerated, are two other management strategies that might improve bone formation in this population.
The role of plasmapheresis in childhood Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Plasmapheresis has been advocated in the treatment of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome under the assumption that the results of adult series can be extrapolated to children. To test this assumption, we retrospectively evaluated the medical charts of all children who were admitted to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between January 1984 and March 1989, with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Of the 30 patients identified, 7 were excluded because they had mild disease. Of the remaining 23, 9 underwent plasmapheresis and 14 served as historic control subjects. The two groups were similar with respect to age, presenting symptoms, findings on initial physical examination, and antecedent illnesses at the time of diagnosis. The mean time to recover to Grade 2 (independent ambulation) was significantly shorter in the plasmapheresis-treated group, 24.0 +/- 25.4 days, compared to 60.2 +/- 43.6 days in control subjects (mean +/- 1 SD). Our results indicate that plasmapheresis diminishes morbidity in childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome by shortening the interval until recovery of independent ambulation.
A petri net reduction algorithm for protocol analysis

Petri net is a powerful model for analyzing communication protocols because they share many common properties. Currently, protocol analysis suffers the state explosion problem especially for error-recoverable protocols and multi-party protocols. Protocol synthesis relieves this problem by generating new and complicated protocols from simple subsets of the protocol models. Reduction analysis provides theoretical ground for correct synthesis or expansion. Thus, reduction is a very important research area. In this paper, we present a general Petri net reduction algorithm that reduces the number of states while preserving all desirable and undesirable properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first general Petri net reduction algorithm for protocol analysis. We first present and extend Dong's [DON 83] definition of WBMs to include more subnets as WBMs. To render the reductions automated, a new concept of simple well-behaved modules (SWBMs) is introduced. Recursively performing reductions of SWBMs, complicated WBMs can be reduced. A main program is written to implement this recursive procedure. The problem is then reduced to finding conditions for SWBMs. We do this by progressing from simpler SWBMs to more complicated ones, i.e., from single-arc ones to multi-arcs ones. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of this algorithm by applying it to the state exploration in protocol synthesis. Other applications such as error detection, performance evaluation, and software engineering will be discussed in future.
Craniovertebral abnormalities in Type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome).

INTRODUCTION: The craniovertebral abnormalities found in patients with Type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) are described, and the indications for and outcomes of surgery in this group are assessed. METHODS: The clinical histories and radiological findings in all patients with Type VI mucopolysaccharidosis treated at Royal Manchester Children's Hospital during the past 10 years were reviewed. RESULTS: The typical findings in patients with this disease are of canal stenosis at the level of the foramen magnum and upper cervical spine with or without cord compression. The stenosis is secondary to thickening of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Atlantoaxial instability is rare. Of nine patients under regular clinical review, four underwent decompressive surgery for cervical cord compression. Three of the four showed improvement in their neurological symptoms and signs postoperatively. Of the children reviewed, six had radiological evidence of cord compression, although only those with neurological signs or symptoms were treated surgically. DISCUSSION: Despite the often formidable anesthetic challenge, surgery is indicated in those patients who present with progressive neurological deficit due to cervical myelopathy. Surgery can be undertaken safely if the associated medical problems in these children are recognized and managed appropriately.
Chemical and Electrochemical Behavior of the Cr(III)/Cr(II) Half‐Cell in the Iron‐Chromium Redox Energy Storage System

The Cr(III) complexes present in the acidified chromium solutions used in the iron-chromium redox energy storage system have been isolated and identified as Cr(H2O)6(3+) and Cr(H2O)5Cl(2+) by ion-exchange chromatography and visible spectrophotometry. The cell reactions during charge-discharge cycles have been followed by means of visible spectrophotometry. The spectral bands were resolved into component peaks and concentrations of the Cr(III) species calculated using Beer's law. During the charge mode, Cr(H2O)5Cl(2+) is reduced to Cr(H2O)5Cl(+), and during the discharge mode Cr(H2O)5Cl(+) is oxidized back to Cr(H2O)5Cl(2+). Electrode potential measurements also support this interpretation. Hysteresis effects in the charge-discharge curves can be explained by the slow attainment of equilibrium between Cr(H2O)6(3+) and Cr(H2O)5Cl(2+).
Volatile carbonyl levels in tissues of transgenic mice with nerve sheath tumors.

Abstract Volatile carbonyl compounds in homogenates prepared from various tissues of tumor-bearing transgenic mice were determined. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were derivatized to thiazolidines. Malonaldehyde was derivatized to 1-methylpyrazole. The derivatives were quantified by gas chromatography with a highly sensitive and specific nitrogen—phosphorus detector. The limits of quantitation of formaldehyde and malonaldehyde were 2 μg/ml of homogenate and 27 ng/ml of homogenate, respectively. Levels of malonaldehyde in the erythrocytes and gastrocnemius of tumor-bearing transgenic mice were elevated as compared to the same tissue in control non-transgenic mice. Brain, liver, kidney, heart, and spleen tissues of the tumor-bearing mice exhibited decreased malonaldehyde levels. Similar results were obtained for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
Phenytoin crystal growth rates in the presence of phosphate and chloride ions

Abstract Phenytoin crystal growth kinetics have been measured as a function of supersaturation in pH 2.2 phosphoric acid and pH 2.2 hydrochloric acid solutions. Two different methods were used for the kinetic analysis. The first involved a zone-sensing device which provided an analysis of the distribution of crystals in a batch crystallizer. Crystal growth rates were calculated from the increase in the size of the distribution with time. In the second method, growth rates were evaluated from the change in size with time of individual crystals observed under an inverted microscope. The results from each method compare favorably. The use of both techniques provides an excellent opportunity to exploit the strengths of each: an average growth rate from a population of crystals from batch crystallization and insight into the effect of growth on the morphology of the crystals from the individual crystal measurements.
Radiation necrosis of the pons after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: diagnosis and treatment.

We report a case of radiation necrosis in an unusual location, the pons, in a patient who had received chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) over one year prior to presentation. This patient presented with subacute onset of ataxic hemiparesis and slurred speech. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed two 1–2cm peripherally contrast-enhancing lesions in the pons with extensive surrounding edema. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) played a key role in narrowing the differential diagnosis to radiation necrosis. The patient underwent biweekly bevacizumab therapy and has remained clinically stable with radiologic improvement of his lesion. In addition to this case, we present an overview of the use of advanced neuroimaging in distinguishing radiation necrosis of the central nervous system (CNS) from other entities as well as the role of bevacizumab in treatment.
Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as primary gynecologic malignancies.

Abstract Background Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) presenting as a gynecologic malignancy is exceedingly rare. We present two cases of NHL presenting as primary ovarian and cervical cancer, respectively. Case A 66-year-old female presented with abdominal bloating and increased abdominal girth. She underwent a supracervical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy for a large pelvic mass. Immunophenotyping/flow cytometry revealed monoclonal B-cells positive for the CD 20 marker, consistent with NHL. A 47-year-old female presented with persistent vaginal discharge and an ulcerative lesion of the cervix. Cervical biopsies were non-diagnostic for carcinoma but immunophenotyping demonstrated CD 20 positive B-cells, consistent with NHL. Conclusion Although uncommon, lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies because of a favorable outcome when properly diagnosed and treated.
Experimental studies of propane oxidation through the negative temperature coefficient region at 10 and 15 atmospheres

A turbulent, high-pressure flow reactor has been used in conjunction with a novel controlled cool-down (CCD) technique, in an experimental study of the detailed product distribution from propane oxidation at 10 and 15 atm, 600 K < T < 900 K, and equivalence ratio of 0.4. The species concentration profiles show the low-temperature hydrocarbon oxidation regime extending from approximately 680 to 770 K. They indicate peak species yields, corresponding to the maximum rate of reaction, occurring at approximately 720–723 K. At higher temperatures, approximately 730–780 K, reactivity slows and practically stops. Above 780 K, increasing species concentrations indicate the onset of intermediate temperature chemistry. Fundamental transitions in the reaction path and the dominant branching agent are shown by changes in the species yield profiles. Specifically, below 690 K, CO2 is observed to be the major product. Above 690 K, CO is the major product until approximately 740 K where propylene becomes the major product. The temperatures at which these transitions occur change with pressure. The observed transitions in the major products indicate shifts in the relative importance of the four chain branching mechanisms (i.e., branching via alkylhydroperoxide decomposition, acetaldehyde decomposition, acylhydroperoxide decomposition, and alkylhydroperoxy radical oxidation) brought about by both changes in temperature and pressure. The results of these experiments present a unique challenge to modeling the chemical kinetics because of the mechanistic transitions due to range of temperatures investigated in a single experiment.
Targeted Pathologic Evaluation of Bone Marrow Donors Identifies Previously Undiagnosed Marrow Abnormalities

Abstract Potential bone marrow donors are screened to ensure the safety of both the donor and recipient. At our institution, potential donors with abnormal peripheral blood cell counts, a personal history of malignancy, or age >60 years are evaluated to ensure that they are viable candidates for donation. Evaluation of the marrow includes morphologic, flow cytometric, and cytogenetic studies. A total of 122 potential donors were screened between the years of 2001and 2011, encompassing approximately 10% of all donors. Of the screened potential donors, the mean age was 59 years and there were 59 men and 63 women. The donors were screened because of age >60 years (n = 33), anemia (n = 22), cytopenias other than anemia (n = 27), elevated peripheral blood counts without a concurrent cytopenia (n = 20), elevated peripheral blood counts with a concurrent cytopenia (n = 10), history of malignancy (n = 4), abnormal peripheral blood differential (n = 3), prior graft failure (n = 1), history of treatment with chemotherapy (n = 1), and body habitus (n = 1). Marrow abnormalities were detected in 9% (11 of 122) of donors. These donors were screened because of anemia (5 of 22, 23%), age >60 years (2 of 33, 6%), history of malignancy (2 of 4, 50%), elevated peripheral blood counts (1 of 20, 5%), and body habitus (1 of 1, 100%). Abnormalities included plasma cell dyscrasia (n = 3), abnormal marrow cellularity (n = 3), clonal cytogenetic abnormalities (n = 2), low-grade myelodysplastic syndrome (1), a mutated JAK2 V617F allele (n = 1), and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (n = 1). Our experience indicates that extended screening of potential donors identifies a significant number of donors with previously undiagnosed marrow abnormalities.
Allowed and forbidden character in the π∗ ← n band of acetaldehyde and 2-pentanone☆

Abstract Low resolution polarization measurements on π ∗ ← n in acetaldehyde show that the transition moment is predominantly in-plane requiring π ∗ ← n to be largely electric dipole forbidden. Somewhat weaker evidence leads to the same conclusion for 2-pentanone. The 2-pentanone π ∗ ← n band is concluded to be “formaldehyde like,” but the vibronic part of π ∗ ← n in acetaldehyde is concluded to have a substantial transition moment component parallel to CO attributed to the asymmetry of the field about the CO combined with large delocalization of both n and σ ∗ onto the aldehyde hydrogen.
The Scientific Discourse of Education: Predetermining the Lives of others — Foucault, Education, and Children

A discourse of education has emerged that legitimizes the belief that science has revealed what younger human beings are like, what we can expect from them at various ages, and how we should differentiate our treatment of them in educational settings. Recent poststructuralist, critical, and postmodern work has called to question the notion of predetermined, universal childhoods that require particular forms of educational experience determined by scientific discovery and by human beings who are older. The purpose of this article is to further problematize the discourse of education that has justified the construction of younger human beings as the ‘other’ and legitimizes the continued regulation of their lives through the institution of education. This particular problematization is based on and limited by the work of Foucault and addressed from two positions: (1) rules that govern the discourse of education; and (2) disciplinary technologies that produce docile bodies as objects that yield to the discourse.
Dynamic recompartmentalization of supported lipid bilayers using focused femtosecond laser pulses.

H ow the presence,distributions,and dynam -ics of diffusionalbarriers influence B row nian m otions of lipids andproteins, however, remains poorly understood. To systematicallystudy these processes, model systems which exhibit dynamicmembrane compartmentalization are highly desirable.In a parallel line of research, ultrafast laser pulses (e.g.,fem tosecond) are proving to be valuable in inducing highly localizedphotomodifications in many soft materials including glasses,polymers, and cells.
The Complexity of Optimal Job Co-Scheduling on Chip Multiprocessors and Heuristics-Based Solutions

In Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) architecture, it is common that multiple cores share some on-chip cache. The sharing may cause cache thrashing and contention among co-running jobs. Job co-scheduling is an approach to tackling the problem by assigning jobs to cores appropriately so that the contention and consequent performance degradations are minimized. Job co-scheduling includes two tasks: the estimation of co-run performance, and the determination of suitable co-schedules. Most existing studies in job co-scheduling have concentrated on the first task but relies on simple techniques (e.g., trying different schedules) for the second. This paper presents a systematic exploration to the second task. The paper uncovers the computational complexity of the determination of optimal job co-schedules, proving its NP-completeness. It introduces a set of algorithms, based on graph theory and Integer/Linear Programming, for computing optimal co-schedules or their lower bounds in scenarios with or without job migrations. For complex cases, it empirically demonstrates the feasibility for approximating the optimal effectively by proposing several heuristics-based algorithms. These discoveries may facilitate the assessment of job co-schedulers by providing necessary baselines, as well as shed insights to the development of co-scheduling algorithms in practical systems.
Calcification of modern foldable hydrogel intraocular lens designs

Purpose To report and compare clinical and pathological features of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) of three major designs, explanted from patients who had visual disturbances caused by opacification of the lens optic. Methods Eighty-seven hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (25 HydroviewTM, 54 SC60B-OUV, and 8 Aqua-SenseTM lenses) were explanted and sent to our center. Most patients became symptomatic during the second year after cataract surgery. A fine granularity was observed on the surface of the lens optic in the case of HydroviewTM. With the SC60B-OUV and Aqua-SenseTM lenses, the opacity resembled a nuclear cataract. Gross examination, light microscopy and staining with alizarin red and the von Kossa method (for calcium) were performed. Some lenses were submitted for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results Light microscopic and SEM analyses revealed the presence of irregular granular deposits on the external optical surfaces of HydroviewTM lenses. With the SC60B-OUV lenses, the opacity was caused by the presence of multiple fine, granular deposits within the lens optic, distributed in a line parallel to the anterior and posterior curvatures of the optic, with a clear zone just beneath its external surfaces. The Aqua-SenseTM lenses exhibited both patterns simultaneously. The deposits in all cases stained positive with alizarin red and von Kossa method. EDS also demonstrated the presence of calcium and phosphates within the deposits. Conclusion Differences in the water content of the hydrophilic acrylic materials used in the manufacture of these three lens designs may be responsible for the different patterns of calcium precipitation. Careful clinical follow up of patients implanted with these lenses is necessary to determine if this phenomenon is rare and sporadic or may be more widespread.
Architecture and system analysis of microgrids with peer-to-peer electricity sharing to create a marketplace which enables energy access

More than 1.3 billion people in the world lack access to electricity and this energy poverty is a major barrier to human development. This paper describes a new concept of peer-to-peer electricity sharing which creates a marketplace for electricity. In this marketplace, the people who can afford power generating sources such as solar panels can sell electricity to people who are unable to afford generating sources or who might have access to electricity but require more electricity at certain times. These ad-hoc microgrids created by sharing of resources provide affordable electricity and are enabled by a Power Management Unit (PMU) described in this paper.
The Social Networks of Opioid Abusers

Using social network analysis, the pretreatment social networks of 106 street drug abusers are examined. While no significant sociodemographic differences are found between opioid and nonopioid abusers, eight significant univariate differences in the characteristics of their social networks are reported. Four of these differences account for 32% of the variation between the two groups of abusers. The social networks of opioid abusers appear significantly less conventional than those of nonopioid abusers; however, opioid abusers appear less committed to the values and behaviors displayed by their network members. Network reconstruction is discussed as an explicit, empirically supportable rehabilitation strategy.
PEER REVIEW IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES: PREVALENCE AND EFFECTS OF REVIEWER HOSTILITY, BIAS, AND DISSENSUS

This article presents a letter from the editors which discusses the effects of peer reviews in the organizational and management sciences. Peer reviews are discussed in how they can critique a beli...
Negative sequence compensation techniques of DFIG-based wind energy systems under unbalanced grid conditions

This paper presents analysis and control techniques for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) used in wind energy systems under unbalanced grid conditions. The rotor currents and electromagnetic torque of the DFIG under unbalanced conditions are first analyzed. Negative sequence circuit models are investigated. Control strategies implementing negative sequence compensation from either the grid-side converter (GSC) or the rotor-side converter (RSC) are developed. The control objective of the GSC compensation is to provide the negative sequence currents for the grid to keep the stator currents free of negative sequence component. The control objective of the RSC compensation is to eliminate the rotor current harmonics. The main contribution of the paper is i) the analysis of the root cause of the high frequency harmonics in rotor currents and the electromagnetic torque and, ii) the comparison of the two control techniques frequently used in research. Matlab/Simulink tests for a 2MW DFIG are performed to confirm the analysis.
Experimentally Verified Optimal Serpentine Gait and Hyperredundancy of a Rigid-Link Snake Robot

In this study, we examine, for a six-link snake robot, how an optimal gait might change as a function of the snake- surface interaction model and how the overall locomotion performance changes under nonoptimal conditions such as joint failure. Simulations are evaluated for three different types of friction models, and it is shown that the gait parameters for serpentine motion are very dependant on the frictional model if minimum power expenditure is desired for a given velocity. Experimental investigations then motivate a surface interaction model not commonly used in snake locomotion studies. Using this new model, simulation results are compared to experiments for nominal and nonnominal locomotion cases including actuator faults. It is shown that this model quite accurately predicts locomotion velocities and link profiles, but that the accuracy of these predictions degrades severely at speeds where actuator dynamics become significant.
Solvable approximations of control systems

This paper is concerned with the existence of approximations to nonlinear control systems, which simultaneously approximate both the internal and external characteristics of the system. The external approximation is obtained by a truncation of the Volterra series representation of the input-output map. The internal approximation cannot be made in general in the state space of a minimal realization of the given external model. Instead the system must be first lifted to a larger state space. The present paper deals with internal approximations defined by systems having solvable Lie algebras rather than the more traditional nilpotent Lie algebra. When the linearized system is controllable the internal approximation given here is the linearization, and the external approximation is just the corresponding input-output map.
PICU's Mission to Eliminate CA-BSI by Joining a National Collaborative

Issue: In 2009 our 10 bed PICU joined The National Association of Children’s Hospitals and Related Institutions (NACHRI) Collaborative to eliminate Catheter Associated Blood Stream Infections (CABSI). The design of the Collaborative allows for targeted research that builds on high quality and ongoing data collection. The collaborative consists of 68 PICU teams across the United States to improve the safety and quality of care delivered through staff education and implementation of bundled best practices for insertion and maintenance of central lines. Our challenge was disseminating program information for acceptance of the collaborative in order to target zero CABSI.
Introduction: Man, Brain and Science

All men of good will would subscribe to the concept that we must strive to foster and develop the fullest possible life for mankind, not just here and now, but indefinitely into the future, as has been so eloquently expressed by Dubos (1968). It is my belief that we will be successful only insofar as we appreciate the nature of man and plan accordingly. Man is self-reflecting in that he has the ability to objectify himself and to consider the kind of being he is and what he wants to become. Man alone is conscious of himself and is alone capable, as it were, of standing outside of himself and regarding himself as an object. As I come to consider the nature of man, I discover that I have direct access to privileged information about one—namely myself with my self-consciousness. I am not going to use this assertion in order to develop a solipsistic thesis. I shall be at pains to show that I have to recognize an equivalent self-consciousness in all other human beings. My philosophical position (cf. Eccles, 1965 a, 1965 b, 1969 a) is diametrically opposite to those who would relegate conscious experience to the meaningless role of an epiphenomenon.
Ontology guided XML security engine

In this paper we study the security impact of large scale, semantically enhanced data processing in distributed databases. We present an ontology-supported security model to detect undesired inferences via replicated XML data. Our model is able to detect inconsistent security classifications of replicated data. Wc propose the Ontology Guided XML Security Engine (Oxsegin) architecture to identify data items exposed to ontology-based inference attacks. The main technical contribution is the development of the Probabilistic Inference Engine used by Oxsegin. The inference engine operates on DTD files, corresponding to XML documents, and detects tags that are ontologically equivalent, i.e., can be abstracted to the same concept in the ontology, but may be different syntactically. Potential illegal inferences occur when two ontologically equivalent tags have contradictory security classifications. These tags are marked with a security violation pointer (SVP). Confidence level coefficients, attached to every security violation pointer, differentiate among the detected SVPs based on the system's confidence in an indicated inference.
Distributions of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon and carbohydrates in the western Arctic Ocean

Abstract Seawater samples were collected from stations along a transect across the shelf–basin interface in the western Arctic Ocean during September 2002, and analyzed for nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and total dissolved carbohydrate (TDCHO) constituents, including monosaccharides (MCHO) and polysaccharides (PCHO). Nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and dissolved silica) were depleted at the surface, especially nitrate. Their concentrations increased with increasing depth, with maxima centered at ∼125 m depth within the halocline layer, then decreased with increasing depth below the maxima. Both ammonium and phosphate concentrations were elevated in shelf bottom waters, indicating a possible nutrient source from sediments, and in a plume that extended into the upper halocline waters offshore. Concentrations of DOC ranged from 45 to 85 μM and had an inverse correlation with salinity, indicating that mixing is a control on DOC concentrations. Concentrations of TDCHO ranged from 2.5 to 19 μM-C, comprising 13–20% of the bulk DOC. Higher DOC concentrations were found in the upper water column over the shelf along with higher TDCHO concentrations. Within the TDCHO pool, the concentrations of MCHO ranged from 0.4 to 8.6 μM-C, comprising 20–50% of TDCHO, while PCHO concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 13.6 μM-C, comprising 50–80% of the TDCHO. The MCHO/TDCHO ratio was low in the upper 25 m of the water column, followed by a high MCHO/TDCHO ratio between 25 and 100 m, and a low MCHO/TDCHO ratio again below 100 m. The high MCHO/TDCHO ratio within the halocline layer likely resulted from particle decomposition and associated release of MCHO, whereas the low MCHO/TDCHO (or high PCHO/TDCHO) ratio below the halocline layer could have resulted from slow decomposition and additional particulate CHO sources.
Upper Plexus Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Optimal Therapy

Abstract Background . Previously, transaxillary first rib resection alone was not considered adequate therapy for "upper plexus" (median nerve) thoracic outlet syndrome. It was thought that the "combined" approach with upper plexus dissection through a supraclavicular incision in addition to the transaxillary approach was necessary. However, with better understanding of anatomy—that the median nerve receives fibers from C8 and T1 as well as the upper plexus and that muscles that compress the upper plexus attach to the first rib—it is now recognized that first rib removal alone will relieve upper plexus compression. Methods . Assessment of 2,210 operations for thoracic outlet syndrome revealed 250 patients (11%) had symptoms and nerve conduction velocity slowing of the median nerve only (upper plexus), whereas 452 (20%) patients had both median and ulnar nerve compression (upper and lower), and 1,508 patients exhibited compression symptoms and nerve conduction velocity slowing of the ulnar nerve alone (lower plexus). Results . Transaxillary first rib resection relieved symptoms of median nerve (upper plexus) compression as well as it did for ulnar nerve (lower plexus) compression. Treatment outcome comparisons of patients with median and ulnar compression show no significant differences. Conclusions . These data refute the need for supraclavicular or combined supraclavicular and transaxillary approaches to treat patients with upper plexus (median) thoracic outlet syndrome compression as previously recommended. The transaxillary approach alone is satisfactory. (Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:935–9)