cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of social networks on parents' vaccination decisions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Parents decide whether their children are vaccinated, but they rarely reach these decisions on their own. Instead parents are influenced by their social networks, broadly defined as the people and sources they go to for information, direction, and advice. This study used social network analysis to formally examine parents’ social networks (people networks and source networks) related to their vaccination decision-making. In addition to providing descriptions of typical networks of parents who conform to the recommended vaccination schedule (conformers) and those who do not (nonconformers), this study also quantified the effect of network variables on parents’ vaccination choices. METHODS: This study took place in King County, Washington. Participation was limited to US-born, first-time parents with children aged ≤18 months. Data were collected via an online survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the resulting data. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-six conformers and 70 nonconformers completed the survey. Although people networks were reported by 95% of parents in both groups, nonconformers were significantly more likely to report source networks (100% vs 80%, P CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that social networks, and particularly parents’ people networks, play an important role in parents’ vaccination decision-making.
The rigorous computation of the molecular electric potential

A method is presented for the rigorous computation of the electric potential of molecules of arbitrary shape, under the assumption of continuous linear dielectric media. The computational technique involves finding the distribution of induced polarization charge on the molecular surface, and proceeds by an application of the method of boundary elements. The surface, which separates the molecular interior (of low dielectric constant) from the highly polar solvent, is given a piece-wise analytic representation as a collection of curvilinear elements. Given a set of internal fixed charges, the distribution of polarization-charge is found as a continuous function over the surface elements, and the electric potential (including all polarization effects) is then easily computed at any point. The method is applied to a spherical interface, and to several small molecules of biological interest, including a hexapeptide. The resulting potentials show good convergence in all cases. The future application of the method to macromolecules is discussed.
«El efectivo es bueno para comer»: autosuficiencia e intercambio en los orígenes de los Estados Unidos de América

El caracter de la economia agricola norteamericana en el periodo colonial y la primera mitad del siglo XIX es examinado en este articulo. El escrito escapa a cualquiera de los dos extremos generalizantes del debate: por tanto, no se limita a discutir si las economias eran autosubsistentes o altamente comercializadas. El autor presenta nuevas fuentes primarias, hace una lectura cuidadosa de la literatura existente y se apoya en las categorias de la economia politica y la antropologia, descartando la utilizacion de la economia neoclasica la cual considera ahistorica e incapaz de entender los cambios socioeconomicos y las diferencias culturales.
Transcriptional block caused by a negative supercoiling induced structural change in an alternating CG sequence

Abstract Using supercoiled plasmids containing a (CG) 16 sequence downstream of a promoter, it is shown that purified E. coli RNA polymerase can transcribe through the sequence when it is in the B helical form. However, the polymerase together with its nascent transcript is blocked at the boundary of the CG sequence proximal to the promoter when the template is negatively supercoiled to flip the CG sequence to the left-handed Z-form. S1 nuclease mapping of in vivo transcripts from an E. coli gyrase temperature-sensitive mutant harboring the plasmids indicates that the bulk of the transcripts at either permissive or nonpermissive temperatures can proceed through the CG sequence, suggesting that the sequence is normally in the B helical form in vivo. The almost total blockage of transcription in vitro by the (CG) 16 sequence in a highly negatively supercoiled DNA is not observed for a d(CA) 21 · d(TG) 21 insert.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 Is Associated With the Presence and Earlier Onset of Hemorrhage in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Background and Purpose Cerebral amyloid angiopathy is an important cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly. The e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene, recently established as a genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease, has also been suggested as a possible risk factor for cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We sought to determine whether this allele is specifically associated with hemorrhages related to amyloid angiopathy and whether it correlates with the age at which first amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage occurs. Methods Forty-five consecutive patients presenting with lobar hemorrhage were prospectively classified according to clinical, radiological, and when available, pathological features and evaluated for apolipoprotein E genotype. They were compared with 1899 elderly patients from a population-based sample and with 18 consecutive patients with hemorrhages in deep regions typical of a hypertensive mechanism. Results Patients with multiple hemorrhages confined to the lobar territory demonstrated ...
Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation by Lightning

Abstract The production Of nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2) by lightning flashes has been computed from a model of gaseous molecular reactions occurring as heated lightning-channel air cools by mixing with surrounding ambient air. The effect of ozone (O3) on the production of nitrogen oxides has also been investigated in this model and it has been found that the O3 oxidizes NO to NO2 mainly at the end of the cooling process. The maximum total global production rate of nitrogen oxides by lightning is estimated to be ∼6×1027 molecules per second, or 14.4×106 tonnes of NO2, per year.
Electrochemical model parameter identification of a lithium-ion battery using particle swarm optimization method

Abstract In this paper, a gradient-free optimization technique, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, is utilized to identify specific parameters of the electrochemical model of a Lithium-Ion battery with LiCoO 2 cathode chemistry. Battery electrochemical model parameters are subject to change under severe or abusive operating conditions resulting in, for example, over-discharged battery, over-charged battery, etc. It is important for a battery management system to have these parameter changes fully captured in a bank of battery models that can be used to monitor battery conditions in real time. Here the PSO methodology has been successfully applied to identify four electrochemical model parameters that exhibit significant variations under severe operating conditions: solid phase diffusion coefficient at the positive electrode (cathode), solid phase diffusion coefficient at the negative electrode (anode), intercalation/de-intercalation reaction rate at the cathode, and intercalation/de-intercalation reaction rate at the anode. The identified model parameters were used to generate the respective battery models for both healthy and degraded batteries. These models were then validated by comparing the model output voltage with the experimental output voltage for the stated operating conditions. The identified Li-Ion battery electrochemical model parameters are within reasonable accuracy as evidenced by the experimental validation results.
Mathematical Examination of Dual Individualization Principles (I): Relationships between AUC above MIC and Area under the Inhibitory Curve for Cefmenoxime, Ciprofloxacin, and Tobramycin

Traditional antibiotic dosage adjustments target predetermined serum concentrations, whereas a host of in vitro studies and recent clinical trials establish that bacteria vary in their susceptibility. Dual individualization, which considers the variance in both antibiotic pharmacokinetics and bacterial susceptibility, has been employed to describe different rates of bacterial eradication in relation to varying serum concentrations. In patients with nosocomial pneumonia, one of the model compounds studied was cefmenoxime, where a target six-hour area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) of 140 micrograms.h/mL above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was previously associated with bacterial eradication in an average of four days. The target AUC value of 140 micrograms.h/mL above MIC is unique to cefmenoxime. Ideally, there should be a dual individualized target useful to adjust the dose of any antibiotic. Computer simulations performed to evaluate this hypothesis suggested that each antibiotic had a unique value for target AUC above MIC. These simulations indicated that an optimal AUC above MIC was about 80 percent of the total AUC above the MIC. Predictable rates of bacterial eradication would presumably result from maintaining these relationships across the range of bacterial susceptibility and the range of serum concentration profiles. Each antibiotic has a unique and different 24-hour AUC over MIC value associated with bacterial eradication in 4 days. For cefmenoxime, the target was 540 area units over MIC per 24 hours, tobramycin with 34 area units, and ciprofloxacin with 23 area units per 24 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Temporal behavior and temperatures of Yasur volcano, Vanuatu from field remote sensing observations, May 2014

Abstract We documented eruption activity at three primary vents at Yasur volcano, Tanna Island, Vanuatu using portable instrumentation in the field over a period of 5 h on 21 May 2014, and acquired aerial images of the craters and vents on 22 May 2014. Although limited in duration, our observations of eruption intervals, durations, temperatures, and speeds of ejected material illustrate the characteristics of the activity at the time at each of the primary vents, providing a useful snapshot of eruption behavior and revealing continued variability at Yasur in comparison to other observation campaigns. Hand-held, high-resolution, near-infrared observations of one of the vents gave peak temperatures of 850 °C to 930 °C for ejected clasts, with a maximum temperature of 1033 °C. These temperatures are significantly higher than previous measurements because exposed lavas could be resolved at timescales less than a second. Our aerial near-infrared images allowed us to estimate the combined area of the active vents within the crater to be ~ 150 m 2 , and comparison to MODIS radiance measurements in the same time frame yields temperatures, averaged over the combined vent area, of 530–730 °C. In the context of previous observations at Yasur, the activity in May 2014 exhibited lower overall intensity, as well as differences in the nature of the eruptions at the various vents, providing insight regarding the temporal variability of Yasur's activity.
Freezing injury in the olive leaf and effects of mefluidide treatment

SummaryFoliar application of mefluidide, a synthetic plant growth regulator, at 1000 ppm concentration on three year old potted olive plants cv. Frantoio, which is sensitive to frost, induced a hardening effect by increasing the freezing resistance without provoking phytotoxic effects. The main effects of mefluidide treatment seem to be related to induced water stress caused by a reduction in the relative water content (10.5%) and water potential (0.75 MPa) in the leaves and to an increase in the stability of biological membranes. At −18°C, K+, Na+ and Ca++ concentration were lower in the effusate from mefluidide-treated plant leaves than in controls. Electrolyte leakage studies and differential thermal analysis revealed that both the lethal freezing temperature (LT50) and the threshold supercooling temperature were significantly lower in mefluidide-treated than untreated plants. Clear water-soaked areas and permanent browning of tissues were evident in the leaves of treated and untreated olive plants at ...
The role of growth hormone and thyroxine in erythropoietic restoration in hypophysectomized monkeys.

SummaryStudies in three hypophysectomized monkeys revealed markedly reduced red cell volume, plasma volume, percentage of nucleated erythron in the bone marrow, and plasma erythropoietin activity. Corticosteroids and thyroxine, given alone or in combination, had no significant effect on these abnormalities; the combined growth hormone and thyroxine therapy, however, restored all the abnormalities to normal.
Single Crystal Epitaxial Growth of β-SiC for Device and Integrated Circuit Applications

Beta SiC is an important semiconductor whose development has been slowed by synthesis difficulties. The physical and electronic properties which make β-SiC desirable for high speed and high power electronics are discussed, with special emphasis on field effect transistor (FET) applications. A history of synthesis efforts is presented to illuminate the obstacles encountered in the growth of semiconductor device quality P-SiC. A new approach to single crystal epitaxy of β-SiC, using TiC as a substrate, is described. The properties of TiC which make it a uniquely suitable substrate for β-SiC epitaxial growth are discussed, and procedures used to prepare TiC surfaces for β-SiC epitaxy are described. The growth process employed at our laboratory, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is described, and experimental observations of the effects of the CVD growth environment on β-SiC epitaxial growth are presented. Based on these observations, we propose to synthesize β-SiC in a singlesource reaction, using molecules which decompose directly to SiC units. This contrasts with current approaches, which introduce Si and C separately, in molecules which must decompose and subsequently react to form SiC.
The CAD for The Accuracy of Involute Cylindrical Gears

The design for the accuracy of gears involves many factors.It is stipulated 25 indexes altogether about the accuracy of involute cylindrical gears in GB/T10095-1988 standard,which makes the precision design miscellaneous and trouble.This paper introduces an applied software developed with Visual Basic to fulfill this task,which makes the design work easy and convenient.Man-machine dialogue adopt interactive window,it makes design convenient and rapid.This system is proved effective and accurate for gear accuracy design by reality.
Determination of p-chloro-m-xylenol in disinfectant by gas chromatography

Objective To establish the gas chromatography assay for determination of parachlormetaxylenol( PCMX) in disinfectant and hygiene care products. Methods The samples were ultrasonically extracted by ethanol for 20 min,then filtrated through 0. 20 μm filter membrane for injection after 30 min,then separated on CP-Sil 8 CB capillary column( 30 m × 0. 32 mm × 0. 25 μm,VARIAN company of the United States of America),finally detected by FID. Results Parachlormetaxylenol had good linearity with the chromatographic peak area from 0. 05 mg / ml to 0. 60 mg / ml( r = 0. 9998). The minimum detectable concentration was 0. 5 μg / ml,the relative standard deviation was 1. 96%,and the sample standard addition recovery rate was from 90. 2% to 98. 3%. Conclusion The experiment proves that this method is simple,highly sensitive,accurate,and suitable for the determination of parachlormetaxylenol in disinfectant and hygiene care products.
Discovering alignments in ontologies of linked data

Recently, large amounts of data are being published using Semantic Web standards. Simultaneously, there has been a steady rise in links between objects from multiple sources. However, the ontologies behind these sources have remained largely disconnected, thereby challenging the interoperability goal of the Semantic Web. We address this problem by automatically finding alignments between concepts from multiple linked data sources. Instead of only considering the existing concepts in each ontology, we hypothesize new composite concepts, defined using conjunctions and disjunctions of (RDF) types and value restrictions, and generate alignments between them. In addition, our techniques provide a novel method for curating the linked data web by pointing to likely incorrect or missing assertions. Our approach provides a deeper understanding of the relationships between linked data sources and increases the interoperability among previously disconnected ontologies.
How to approach “Poetry as a mode of attention”? | Como abordar a poesia enquanto um modo da atenção? (Trad. Sueli Cavendish)

"As part of a book that brings together texts analyzing the phenomenon of “attention” from different angles, my contribution has a specific prehistory, which needs to be explained in order to make its publication possible. When my friend and eminent colleague Katalin Kallay first invited me to participate in a colloquium on 'attention' to be organized at Budapest, I enthusiastically accepted – for two main reasons. One was my consistently positive experience with the quality of intellectual events taking place at Budapest. But I also assured Katalin that there was hardly a topic that a had greater attraction for my own thinking than 'attention', seen from the angle of poetry as 'a specific mode of attention'.[...]” "Como parte de um livro que reune textos analisando o fenomeno da 'atencao' de diferentes ângulos, minha contribuicao tem uma pre-historia especifica, que precisa ser explicada, a fim de tornar sua publicacao possivel. Quando minha amiga e eminente colega Katalin Kallay primeiro convidou-me a participar de um coloquio sobre a 'atencao', a ter lugar em Budapeste, aceitei com entusiasmo por dois motivos. Um era minha experiencia consistentemente positiva com a qualidade de eventos intelectuais acontecendo em Budapeste. Mas tambem assegurei a Katalin que quase nenhum outro topico exercia maior atracao sobre o meu pensamento que a 'atencao', vista do ângulo da poesia como 'um modo especifico da atencao. [...]' ”
The Indian pouch as an orthotopic reservoir

Patients undergoing this procedure should be strongly motivated and should have normal or near-normal bowel function. A reservoir is made using an 18-20 cm segment of terminal ileum, caecum and ascending colon. The ureters are implanted along the taenia of the ascending colon. The result is a neo-bladder that is close to the ideal ellipsoid shape. The stapling technique used decreases operating time and the detubularisation maintains low pressure in the neo-bladder. Although the operation has so far been performed on only 10 patients results have been very favourable and it has proved to be a useful alternative form of diversion.
An examination of the concept of psychodynamics.

(1954). An Examination of the Concept of Psychodynamics. Psychiatry: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 325-330.
The Challenges of Developing a Project-Based Self-Directed Learning Component for Undergraduate Medical Education

The successful implementation of a separate and dedicated self-directed learning (SDL) component within undergraduate medical education (UGME) curricula, especially those programs that do not use problem-based learning (PBL), has been an ongoing challenge for most institutions [1]. Project-based components have been implemented sparingly in the UKwith some success, as these curricular approaches have been suggested to reduce student self-confidence but concomitantly provide students with a realistic vision for the challenges of lifelong learning [2]. At Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), we have implemented Explorations, a project-based SDL component of our UGME curriculum (please see Keator et al. [3]). This novel UGME approach is designed to help students think critically and use deductive reasoning, traits required for a lifetime of learning. There are limited models to follow when designing novel approaches for SDL, and as such, there was no template to follow when we launched the project-based Explorations. To our knowledge, we are the first medical school in the USA to use a project-based SDL approach for UGME. Due to the lack of widespread use, implementing this project-based learning approach into the first 2 years of our UGME curriculum has resulted in both anticipated and unanticipated consequences. Thus, to help other institutions consider the feasibility of adopting this relatively novel method of SDL, the sections below highlight a few of the major administrative challenges we experienced during the first 2 years of the Explorations program at WMed.
An algebraic model of constitutional chemistry as a basis for chemical computer programs

The presently available chemical computer programs are discussed, as well as the fact that a mathematical theory of constitutional chemistry is needed as a basis for substantial progress in computer assisted solutions to chemical problems. The representation of EM 1) and their interconversions by be-matrices 1) and reaction matrices leads to the logical structure of the FIEM 1) and is representative for constitutional chemistry. A mathematical theory of the FIEM is stated, which can serve as the foundation of a new type of matrix-fitting computer programs for establishing constitutional relations such as synthetic design, the elucidation of reaction mechanisms, and bio-synthetic pathways, as well as the analysis of mass spectra.
Real-World Drug Costs of Treating Hepatitis C Genotypes 1-4 with Direct-Acting Antivirals: Initiating Treatment at Fibrosis 0-2 and 3-4

BACKGROUND: Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have drastically improved outcomes but are also very costly. For this reason, priority for treatment is often given to patients with a higher fibrosis score at baseline by payers and providers rather than treating all eligible patients. Simulation studies have suggested that waiting to treat patients until fibrosis 3-4 may be more costly and result in worse outcomes; however, real-world implications are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine drug costs and outcomes for treating hepatitis C in patients with fibrosis scores of 0-2 and 3-4 at baseline in a real-world ambulatory care setting. METHODS: A total of 322 patients at 36 clinical sites in Massachusetts with HCV genotype 1-4 and a prescription for at least 1 DAA medication between May 2011 and October 2015 were included. Retrospective and prospective chart reviews were completed by the primary investigator. Data were collected through April 2016. The primary outcome for...
Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach with intraoperative nerve monitoring.

Background Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy by a vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel technique for thyroid gland excision. Compared to the transaxillary endoscopic and bilateral axillo-breast approaches, which require substantial dissection to reach the thyroid gland, TOETVA provides the most direct access to the target organ.
Nanoscale Nucleation and Growth of Electrodeposited Lithium Metal

Lithium metal has re-emerged as an exciting anode for high energy lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity of 3860 mAh g–1 and lowest electrochemical potential of all known materials. However, lithium has been plagued by the issues of dendrite formation, high chemical reactivity with electrolyte, and infinite relative volume expansion during plating and stripping, which present safety hazards and low cycling efficiency in batteries with lithium metal electrodes. There have been a lot of recent studies on Li metal although little work has focused on the initial nucleation and growth behavior of Li metal, neglecting a critical fundamental scientific foundation of Li plating. Here, we study experimentally the morphology of lithium in the early stages of nucleation and growth on planar copper electrodes in liquid organic electrolyte. We elucidate the dependence of lithium nuclei size, shape, and areal density on current rate, consistent with classical nucleation and growth theory. We found that...
Which U.S. House Members Present Their Legislative Records? Models of Electoral Accountability and the Content of Press Releases

This article tests competing theories of legislators' understanding of electoral accountability by examining which members of the House of Representatives convey their legislative records to the public most frequently. Using data derived from lawmakers' descriptions of their floor votes and other legislative activity in more than 50,000 press releases issued during 2010 and 2012, I detect some behavior consistent with representatives' beliefs that voters assess their policy positions without a party frame. Members whose record is incongruous with their constituents' policy preferences tend to avoid mentions of their personal legislative behavior, for example. For the most part, however, the article provides strong evidence that members subscribe to a partisan model and particularly a version in which voters care appreciably more about the actions of the majority than the minority.
High gravity enzymatic hydrolysis of hydrothermal and ultrasonic pretreated big bluestem with recycling prehydrolysate water

Abstract Enhancing sugar concentration and minimizing water consumption are key objectives for future cellulosic biofuel economics. To achieve those objectives, high-solids loading pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (up to 20%, w/v) were studied. Big bluestem was selected and combined hydrothermal and ultrasonic treatment without chemicals addition was carried out in this study. Optimal high-solids loading pretreatment (16%, w/v) was identified in the ultrasonic reactor at 200 °C for 30 min. High-solids enzymatic hydrolysis (12%, w/v) was inefficient in the laboratory rotary shaker. However, using a horizontal reactor with good mixing is effective for high solids loading (20%, w/v), yielding 75 g/L of glucose. Minimum water to detoxify pretreated biomass while maintaining high sugar yields was 10 mL/g, which reduced by 50% as compared to the conventional washing process for steam-treated wheat straw. Recycling pretreatment liquor to treat the next batch of biomass was proved to be feasible without affecting the sugar yields.
Reactive Alloy Melt Infiltration for SiC Composite Matrices: Mechanistic Insights

A comparative study of reactive melt infiltration using Si and Si-Y alloys is presented to provide insight into the governing processes that control the effectiveness of the melt interaction with a carbonaceous preform and the temperature capability of the SiC matrix for ceramic matrix composites. Through experiments on two substantially different scales of capillaries in porous graphite tubes using Si and Si-Y alloys, the current study has characterized the phenomena that play a role in the infiltration of the melt and its reaction with the preform. It is shown that (i) the interface reaction controls wetting in both large and small capillaries and the climb rate is enhanced by the presence of Y; (ii) reaction choking occurs at critical throats within the pore network, usually behind the infiltration front; and (iii) different residual silicides can form during reaction and upon cooling. A potential mechanism for SiC growth is described, and the implications for the interplay between SiC growth and infiltration are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Properties and Catalytic Activity of Titanium Silicalite— A New Pentasil Zeolite

Abstract Titanium silicalite had been synthesized using colloidal silica and tetraethylorthotitanate with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) as temlpate. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that its structure was similar to that of zeolite ZSM-5. The only difference between their IR spectra was an extra adsorption band appearing at 9 50 cm −1 . The results of adsorption of water vapor n-hexane and cyclohexane revealed that titanium silicalite are more hydrophobic than ZSM-5, and it had larger pore opening than that of ZSM-5. The reactivity and acid strength of titanium silicalite were determined by n-hexane cracking, Hammett indicators measurement and NH3-TPD method. In the alkylation of toluene with methanol, titanium silicalite showed higher para- selectivity than ZSM-5 zeolite.
Towards Displacement-Based Design in Seismic Design Codes

(2013). Towards Displacement-Based Design in Seismic Design Codes. Structural Engineering International: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 111-111.
Dual Energy: CTA Runoff

A unique function of the SOMATOM Definition Dual Source CT system is its capacity to operate each x-ray tube at different kV and mA settings. While dual-energy CT was originally developed and evaluated 20 years ago, technical limitations of the CT scanners and post processing software at that time prevented the development of routine clinical applications.1
Duplex Ultrasound of the Mesenteric Vessels

Angiography has been considered the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia. Due to its invasive nature and improvements in noninvasive diagnostic studies, angiography is currently reserved for patients with classic signs and symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia who have planned endovascular or open reconstruction. Among patients with atypical symptoms, it is not unusual to have significant delay in diagnosis. Since the first published evaluation of the splanchnic human vasculature by duplex scanning in 1984, the technique brought up intense interest in the medical community, mainly due to its noninvasive characteristic but also because it provides hemodynamic and anatomic information. In the last decades, duplex ultrasound has proved to be an accurate method to detect stenosis and is typically the first imaging study obtained in the evaluation of patients with suspected mesenteric artery occlusive disease.
MCNP6 Unstructured Mesh Initial Validation and Performance Results

Los Alamos National Laboratory Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP) Version 6 (MCNP6) has been extended to include a new capability that permits tracking of neutrons and photons on an unstructured mesh that is embedded as a mesh universe within its constructive solid geometry capability. The mesh geometry is created through Abaqus/CAE using its solid modeling capabilities. MCNP transport results are calculated for mesh elements using a path length estimator while element-to-element tracking is performed on the mesh. The results from MCNP6 can be exported to Abaqus/ CAE for visualization or other physics analysis. Three geometrically simple benchmark experiments were analyzed: Godiva, Osaka nickel sphere, and fusion neutron source vanadium cube. Computer run time is proportional to the number of mesh elements, element order, and element type specified in the input. Good agreement of our MCNP6 results with the measured neutron leakage for the nickel sphere and the measured neutron and gamma spectra from the vanadium assembly was observed.
Further delineation of Aymé-Gripp syndrome and use of automated facial analysis tool.

Ayme-Gripp syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder caused by specific heterozygous variants in MAF. The resulting aberrant protein shows impaired GSK-mediated MAF phosphorylation. AGS is characterized by congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, short stature, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features with brachycephaly. Cardiac and joint phenotypes are present in nearly half of patients. We review information on 10 published individuals with MAF mutations and clinical AGS and describe five additional patients, including three with novel mutations. Joint problems, typically including radioulnar synostosis and joint limitations, were present in 9/15 patients. Hip replacement in young adulthood was needed in four patients. Pericarditis occurred in 6/15 individuals. An automated facial analysis of 2D photos was used to compare the facial phenotype of 13 individuals from the literature or reported here, with facial photos of a control cohort of unaffected individuals and a cohort of Down syndrome patients. A multiclass approach yielded an accuracy of 86.86% and 89.05%, respectively, in two independent experiments compared to a random chance of 37.74%. In binary comparisons of AGS and Down syndrome, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.994 (P < .001) and 1.0 (P < .001), respectively. Binary comparisons of AGS and unaffected controls yielded AUC of 0.994 (P < .001) and 0.989 (P = .003), respectively, suggesting that the facial phenotype of AGS could clearly be distinguished from unaffected individuals and from Down syndrome patients. Automated facial analysis may be helpful in the identification and evaluation of individuals suspected to have AGS.
Current Society of Thoracic Surgeons Model Reclassifies Mortality Risk in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) scores are used to screen patients for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The STS scores were also used to risk stratify patients in m...
Constrained Optimization Based Low-Rank Approximation of Deep Neural Networks

We present COBLA—Constrained Optimization Based Low-rank Approximation—a systematic method of finding an optimal low-rank approximation of a trained convolutional neural network, subject to constraints in the number of multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations and the memory footprint. COBLA optimally allocates the constrained computation resources into each layer of the approximated network. The singular value decomposition of the network weight is computed, then a binary masking variable is introduced to denote whether a particular singular value and the corresponding singular vectors are used in low-rank approximation. With this formulation, the number of the MAC operations and the memory footprint are represented as linear constraints in terms of the binary masking variables. The resulted 0–1 integer programming problem is approximately solved by sequential quadratic programming. COBLA does not introduce any hyperparameter. We empirically demonstrate that COBLA outperforms prior art using the SqueezeNet and VGG-16 architecture on the ImageNet dataset.
Efficient Excitation of Mid-Infrared Emission in Pr:RbPb2Cl5 by “Three-for-One” Cross-Relaxation

We observe strikingly strong 3.5-5.5-micron fluorescence from Pr:RbPb2Cl5 following 1.5-micron excitation. Its dependence on temperature and concentration indicates that ion-ion interactions excite up to three ions to the emitting state for each ion initially excited.
An Introduction to “Visualizing Russian History” The Russian Revolution Centennial: Exhibitions, Collections, Audience

ABSTRACTThe Russian Revolution Centennial has called forth many exhibitions of the vast holdings of libraries, archives, museums and other collections. This special issue reviews major exhibitions,...
Clinical Image Consent Requirements: Variability among Top Ten Medical Journals

The consent process for publication of clinical images in medical journals varies widely. The extent of this variation is not known. It is also not known whether journals follow their own stated best practices or the guidance of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). We assessed consent requirements in a sample of 10 top impact factor general medicine journals that publish clinical images, examining variability in consent requirements for clinical image publication and congruence of requirements with the recommendations of the ICMJE. Clinical image consent requirements varied widely from journal to journal. None of the studied journals, even amongst n = 4 ICMJE members or n = 8 journals who self-report adherence to ICMJE guidelines, comply with all of the recommendations of the ICMJE. Half of studied journals require a journal-specific consent form. Among top medical journals there is significant heterogeneity in consent requirements for clinical images. Variability of consent requirements is neither practical nor rational; inconsistent requirements create uncertainty for authors, present impediments to dissemination of scholarship, and undermine a shared professional understanding of how best to protect patient privacy. We propose adopting a standardized consent form and process for publication of identifiable images in medical journals, with uniform elements and explicit definitions.
Electroantennographic and behavioral responses of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta to host plant headspace volatiles.

Coupled gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) using antennae of adult female Manduca sexta was employed to screen for olfactory stimulants present in headspace collections from four species of larval host plants belonging to two families: Solanaceae—Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Capiscum annuum (bell pepper), and Datura wrightii; and Martyniaceae—Proboscidea parviflora. Headspace volatiles were collected from undamaged foliage of potted, living plants. GC–EAD revealed 23 EAD-active compounds, of which 15 were identified by GC-mass spectrometry. Identified compounds included aliphatic, aromatic, and terpenoid compounds bearing a range of functional groups. Nine EAD-active compounds were common to all four host plant species: (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, nonanal, decanal, phenylacetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, benzyl alcohol, geranyl acetone, (E)-nerolidol, and one unidentified compound. Behavioral responses of female moths to an eight-component synthetic blend of selected tomato headspace volatiles were tested in a laboratory wind tunnel. Females were attracted to the blend. A comparison of responses from antennae of males and females to bell pepper headspace volatiles revealed that males responded to the same suite of volatiles as females, except for (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate. EAD responses of males also were lower for (Z)- and (E)-nerolidol and one unidentified compound. Electroantennogram EAG dose–response curves for the 15 identified EAD-active volatiles were recorded. At the higher test doses (10–100 μg), female antennae yielded larger EAG responses to terpenoids and to aliphatic and aromatic esters. Male antennae did respond to the higher doses of (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, indicating that they can detect this compound. On the basis of ubiquity of the EAD-active volatiles identified to date in host plant headspace collections, we suggest that M. sexta uses a suite of volatiles to locate and identify appropriate host plants.
End-to-end machine learning for experimental physics: using simulated data to train a neural network for object detection in video microscopy

We demonstrate a method for training a convolutional neural network with simulated images for usage on real-world experimental data. Modern machine learning methods require large, robust training data sets to generate accurate predictions. Generating these large training sets requires a significant up-front time investment that is often impractical for small-scale applications. Here we demonstrate a ‘full-stack’ computational solution, where the training data set is generated on-the-fly using a noise injection process to produce simulated data characteristic of the experimental system. We demonstrate the power of this full-stack approach by applying it to the study of topological defect annihilation in systems of liquid crystal freely-suspended films. This specific experimental system requires accurate observations of both the spatial distribution of the defects and the total number of defects, making it an ideal system for testing the robustness of the trained network. The fully trained network was found to be comparable in accuracy to human hand-annotation, with four-orders of magnitude improvement in time efficiency.
Which Priorities for Health and Well-Being Stand Out After Accounting for Tangled Threats and Costs? Simulating Potential Intervention Portfolios in Large Urban Counties.

Policy Points Interventions in a regional system with intertwined threats and costs should address those threats that have the strongest, quickest, and most pervasive cross-impacts. Instead of focusing on an individual county's apparent shortcomings, a regional intervention portfolio can yield greater results when it is designed to counter those systemic threats, especially poverty and inadequate social support, that most undermine health and well-being virtually everywhere. Likewise, efforts to reduce smoking, addiction, and violent crime and to improve routine care, health insurance, and youth education are important for most counties to unlock both short- and long-term potential. CONTEXT Counties across the United States must contend with multiple, intertwined threats and costs that defy simple solutions. Decision makers face the necessary but difficult task of prioritizing those interventions with the greatest potential to produce equitable health and well-being. METHODS Using County Health Rankings data for a predefined peer group of 39 urban US counties, we performed statistical regressions to identify 37 cross-impacts among 15 threats to health and well-being. Adding appropriate time delays, we then developed a dynamic model of these cross-impacts and simulated each of the counties over 20 years to assess the likely impact of 12 potential interventions-individually and in a combined portfolio-for three outcomes: (1) years of potential life lost, (2) fraction of adults in fair or poor health, and (3) total spending on urgent services. FINDINGS The combined portfolio yielded improvements by year 20 that are considerably greater than those at year 5, indicating that the time delays have a major effect. Despite the wide variation in threat levels across counties, the list of top-ranked interventions is strikingly similar. Poverty reduction and social support were the most highly ranked interventions, even in the shorter term, for all outcomes in all counties. Interventions affecting smoking, addiction, routine care, health insurance, violent crime, and youth education also were important contributors to some outcomes. CONCLUSIONS To safeguard health and well-being in a system dominated by tangled threats and costs, the most important priorities for a county cannot be simply inferred from a profile of its relative strengths and weaknesses. Two interventions stood out as the top priorities for almost all the counties in this study, and six others also were important contributors. Interventions directed toward these priority areas are likely to yield the greatest impact, irrespective of the county's specifics. A significant concentration of resources in a regional portfolio therefore ought to go to these strongest contributors for equitable health and well-being.
Quantification of Furanylfentanyl and its Metabolites in Human and Rat Plasma Using LC-MS-MS.

Fentanyl analogs (novel and traditional) continue to impact the ever-growing opioid epidemic. Furanylfentanyl (FuF) is one analog equipotent to fentanyl that has documented involvement in thousands of intoxication and fatality cases around the world. Due to its prevalence, toxicologists need to improve detection and understanding of this analog. A method for the quantification of FuF and its metabolites (4-ANPP, furanyl norfentanyl (FuNorF)) in a small volume (100 μL) of human plasma by LC-MS-MS was developed and validated according to ANSI/ASB Standard. The method was cross validated in rat plasma for a future pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) study. In human plasma, calibration ranges were 0.025-25 ng/mL (FuF and 4-ANPP) and 0.5-25 ng/mL (FuNorF). Limits of detection were 0.0125 ng/mL (FuF and 4-ANPP) and 0.25 ng/mL (FuNorF). Lower limits of quantification coincided with lowest calibrator concentrations of 0.025 ng/mL (FuF and 4-ANPP) and 0.5 ng/mL (FuNorF). Precision and bias values were determined to be acceptable for all analytes. Matrix effects were acceptable for all analytes (-8.6-25.0%), except FuNorF with suppression >25%. Extraction recoveries ranged from 84.5 to 98.1%. No carryover or endogenous interferences were observed. Qualitative interferences with 4-ANPP were observed from some n-acyl substituted fentanyl analogs predicted to be low-concentration standard impurities. Analytes were stable under all conditions and dilution integrity was sustained. The method was successfully cross validated in rat plasma with acceptable bias (-7.4-8.4%), precision (within-run 25% suppression), recoveries (79.2-94.5%) and dilution integrity (1/2 and 1/10).
Comparison of tetravalent cerium and terbium ions in a conserved, homoleptic imidophosphorane ligand field.

A redox pair of Ce4+ and Ce3+ complexes has been prepared that is stabilized by the [(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))]1− ligand. Since these complexes are isostructural to the recently reported isovalent terbium analogs, a detailed structural and spectroscopic comparative analysis was pursued via Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra analysis, UV-vis-NIR, L3-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES), cyclic voltammetry, and natural transitions orbital (NTO) analysis and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The electrochemical studies confirm previous theoretical studies of the redox properties of the related complex [K][Ce3+(NP(pip)3)4] (pip = piperidinyl), 1-Ce(PN). Complex 1-Ce(PN*) presents the most negative Epc of −2.88 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in THF of any cerium complex studied electrochemically. Likewise 1-Tb(PN*) has the most negative Epc for electrochemically interrogated terbium complexes at −1.79 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in THF. Complexes 1-Ce(PN*) and 2-Ce(PN*) were also studied by L3-edge X-ray absorption near edges spectroscopy (XANES) and a comparison to previously reported spectra for 1-Tb(PN*), 2-Tb(PN*), 1-Ce(PN), and, [Ce4+(NP(pip)3)4], 2-Ce(PN), demonstrates similar nf values for all the tetravalent lanthanide complexes. According to the natural bond orbital analysis, a greater covalent character of the M–L bonds is found in 2-Ce(PN*) than in 1-Ce(PN*), in agreement with the shorter Ce–N bonds in the tetravalent counterpart. The greater contribution of Ce orbitals in the Ce–N bonding and, specifically, the higher participation of 4f electrons accounts for the stronger covalent interactions in 2-Ce(PN*) as compared to 2-Tb(PN*).
Explanatory methods in psychiatry: interview with Paul McHugh, MD

This interview with Paul McHugh, MD, delves into his Perspectives approach to psychiatry. Building on the philosophical work of forerunners such as Adolf Meyer and Karl Jaspers, the Perspectives ap...
Hadron beam evolution in microbunched electron cooling

The technique of microbunched electron cooling (MBEC) is a coherent cooling scheme with possible applications in high-energy hadron and electron-ion machines. In our previous work we analyzed the cooling of the hadron energy spread and transverse emittance using a one-dimensional (1D) technique that tracked the microscopic fluctuations in the hadron and electron beams. However, in order to obtain analytical expressions for our key quantities, we limited ourselves to calculating and optimizing only the initial values of the cooling rates. In this paper, we extend our approach so that it properly addresses the issue of the long-term, dynamic evolution of the hadron beam. In order to do so, it becomes necessary to consider the synchrotron motion of the hadron beam, in conjunction with the effects of diffusion and intrabeam scattering (IBS). With these modifications, our formalism allows us to develop a simple numerical tool that can effectively model the final state of hadron beam after many passages through the MBEC cooler.