cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seaside sparrow reproductive success in relation to prescribed fire

In North American tidal marshes, prescribed burning has been used to manage waterfowl, furbearers, invasive plants, and fuels, but its effects on non-target species, such as marsh birds, are relatively unknown, particularly in the mid-Atlantic region. To address this informational need, we studied seaside sparrows (Ammodramus maritimus) in Dorchester County, Maryland, where prescribed marsh burning has been conducted since at least the 1930s. We compared the effects of 4 fire treatments (<1 yr since burn, 1–2 yr since burn, 3–4 yr since burn, and ≥5 yr since burn) on seaside sparrow density and reproductive output, and examined the impact of fire treatment, nest-site characteristics, and weather on nest survival from 2007 to 2009. We found that nest and territory densities were greatest on marshes <1 year post-burn, indicating that burning did not displace seaside sparrows. Nest and territory densities also declined as time since burn increased, and were about 50% less on marshes that were ≥5 years post-burn compared to marshes <1 year post-burn. Egg density (the number of eggs produced per ha) was 50% greater on marshes burned <1 year ago than on marshes burned 3–4 years ago, but we found no difference in fledgling density, indicating that predation may have disproportionately affected recently-burned marshes. Study year and percent cover of smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) best explained nest survival, which was lowest in 2009, a year with high precipitation and tides. We recommend that prescribed burning continue to be used at 1–4 year intervals to maintain habitat quality for breeding seaside sparrows in the mid-Atlantic, but suggest that the effects of fire management may be less influential than predicted impacts of global climate change. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
The Colorimetry and Photometry of Daylight and Incandescent Illuminants by the Method of Rotatory Dispersion

Further studies, both theoretical and experimental, have been made on the method of photometry and colorimetry previously proposed by the author.In the light of this work the method is now proposed as a complete and satisfactory solution of the practical problem of the visual photometry and colorimetry of all illuminants (including the important phases of daylight) whose spectral distribution approximates the Planckian formula closely enough to give a color match. This solution is based upon the principle of the additivity of homogeneous luminosities and the assumption of a standard visibility function.The method falls in the general class of substitution “equality of brightness” methods. All brightness matches are made at a color match. This color match is obtained by modifying the color of a constant comparison source by allowing its light to pass through a train of nicol prisms and quartz plates which form, in effect, a blue or yellow filter of continuously adjustable spectral transmission.Tables and graphs have been prepared by which color temperature and intensity may be readily obtained from the instrument readings on the basis of any visibility which it is desired to assume as standard.
PROTEIN VALUE OF CANDIDA TROPICALIS ATCC 1369 AND OF CORN RESIDUE USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE YEAST

The nutritive values of corn meal, corn residue and yeast were measured by total ammo acids (chemically measured), available lysine, methionine and tryptophan (measured microbiologically), and relative nutritive value (measured with Tetruhymena W). Male rats were fed corn, C. tropicalis, corn residue and mixtures of corn and C. tropicalis and corn residue plus C. tropicalis. C. tropicalis, corn residue, and corn residue plus C tropicalis were enriched with limiting amino acids and fed. Enriched feeds produced better growth (better protein quality) than the nonenriched feeds in both rats and Tetruhymena.
Modulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism by the Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate Phosphatase Sac1p through Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Sphingolipids and phosphoinositides both play signaling roles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although previous data indicate independent functions for these two classes of lipids, recent genetic studies have suggested interactions between phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphate effectors and sphingolipid biosynthetic enzymes. The present study was undertaken to further define the effects of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) metabolism on cell sphingolipid metabolism. The data presented indicate that deletion of SAC1, a gene encoding a PtdIns(4)P phosphatase, increased levels of most sphingolipid species, including sphingoid bases, sphingoid base phosphates, and phytoceramide. In contrast, sac1Δ dramatically reduced inositol phosphosphingolipids, which result from the addition of a PtdIns-derived phosphoinositol head group to ceramides through Aur1p. Deletion of SAC1 decreased PtdIns dramatically in both steady-state and pulse labeling studies, suggesting that the observed effects on sphingolipids may result from modulation of the availability of PtdIns as a substrate for Aur1p. Supporting this hypothesis, acute attenuation of PtdIns(4)P production through Stt4p immediately increased PtdIns and subsequently reduced sphingoid bases. This reduction was overcome by the inhibition of Aur1p. Moreover, modulation of sphingoid bases through perturbation of PtdIns(4)P metabolism initiated sphingolipid-dependent biological effects, supporting the biological relevance for this route of regulating sphingolipids. These findings suggest that, in addition to potential signaling effects of PtdInsP effectors on sphingolipid metabolism, PtdIns kinases may exert substantial effects on cell sphingolipid profiles at a metabolic level through modulation of PtdIns available as a substrate for complex sphingolipid synthesis.
Alert tones are frequently inaudible among patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Background: Current management guidelines for patients with Medtronic Sprint Fidelis ICD leads (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) include prominent use of Patient Alert™, a feature in which the ICD generator emits audible beeps at two programmable frequencies. Because hearing loss is highly prevalent beyond the sixth decade of life, the utility of this feature is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a survey of patients’ ability to hear the Medtronic Patient Alert™. Methods: During visits to an outpatient device clinic, patients with Medtronic ICDs were evaluated for their ability to hear ICD tones. Results: The patient group consisted of 102 patients. Patients older than 70 years comprised 68% of the sample, with 16% between 60 and 70, and 17% younger than 60 years. Of the 102 patients, 59% (56% of males and 70% of females) were able to hear at least one tone. Ability to hear ICD tones decreased with advancing age. Among patients over 60 and 70 years, 52% and 43%, respectively (P < 0.001 vs. patients below 60 and 70 years), could hear at least one tone. Conclusions: The Patient Alert™ feature is not useful among a large proportion of ICD patients. Patients with Sprint Fidelis leads should be evaluated for their ability to hear audible ICD tones. For patients who cannot hear the Patient Alert™ feature, a wireless remote monitoring and/or daily application of a magnet by a caregiver should be considered. Device manufacturers should include nonauditory alert technologies such as wireless remote monitoring and vibratory stimulation in future devices.
Niflumic acid, prototype of a multiaction antithrombotic agent.

Niflumsaure, Prototyp eines mehrfach wirkenden antithrombotischen Medikamentes, induziert Fibrinolyse in vitro und in vivo, hemmt Erythrozyten-und Thrombozytenaggregation und induziert eine starkere Fibrinolyse vorgebildeter Gerinnsel als Strepto-und Urokinase.
A 6-Year-Old With Leg Cramps

A 6-year-old girl presented with a history of leg pain and cramping that progressively worsened over a 2- to 3-week period of time. Her examination was notable for normal vital signs, limited range of motion of her left hip, and a limp. Inflammatory markers were slightly elevated, but the serum electrolytes, calcium, and magnesium, complete blood cell count and differential, and creatine kinase level were normal. She was hospitalized for further diagnostic evaluation and was noted to have abnormal muscle movements classified as myokymia (continuous involuntary quivering, rippling, or undulating movement of muscles). Electromyography confirmed the myokymia but did not reveal evidence of a myopathy or neuropathy, prompting additional evaluation for a systemic etiology.
The Corporate Spokesperson in External Organizational Communication What We Know and What We Need to Know

This article examines the role of the corporate spokesperson in three contexts of external organizational communication. The organization is characterized as a community member with certain communication needs and obligations to the community. The literature on the corporate spokesperson is examined in the contexts of normal organizational-media relations, corporate crises, and issues-management efforts. General orientations and approaches as well as specific suggestions and recommendations are outlined for each area in an effort to summarize what is known and to suggest future research areas.
Generation of acceptable actions using imitation learning, intention recognition, and cognitive control

This paper proposes an approach to enable a robot to learn social skills to interact with humans in social settings. Our approach is based on integrating a cognitive control architecture with imitation learning and human intention recognition. The originally developed cognitive control architecture was expanded to include behavior generalization, behavior generation, and human intention recognition. Our approach provides a framework for a robot to be able to estimate human intention through common features of human gestures through observation couple with past experiences stored in the long-term memory in the form of learned social knowledge, and to cognitively generate appropriate motion behaviors or modify current behavior using arm and hand. Key components of our approach are a probabilistic arm and hand gesture recognition and cognitive control modules which integrate the gesture recognition with human intention recognition and motion behavior generation. Several experiments were carried out on humanoid robots to validate the proof of concept.
Ethanol and the Local Economy: Industry Trends, Location Factors, Economic Impacts, and Risks

Ethanol has been embraced enthusiastically as a solution to many problems, including national energy security, global warming, air pollution, farm incomes, and local economic development. The industry has boomed in the United States: There were 54 ethanol plants in 2000, 134 by the end of 2007, 171 in mid-September 2008. Estimates of the industry's effects on local economies vary wildly, chiefly because of assumptions regarding the corn industry. This article presents an overview of the industry, its location, and the public policy umbrella that supports its growth. It analyzes what happens to the local economy when a county adds an ethanol plant, demonstrates what must be done to modify input–output models to capture those effects, and applies the approach to proposed plants in four counties. An ethanol plant provides the enticing benefits of a manufacturing plant with 35 to 40 jobs, but several characteristics and uncertainties of the industry merit a careful look when making local economic development ...
Dynamic Simulations of 13 TATA Variants Refine Kinetic Hypotheses of Sequence/Activity Relationships

The fundamental relationship between DNA sequence/deformability and biological function has attracted numerous experimental and theoretical studies. A classic prototype system used for such studies in eukaryotes is the complex between the TATA element transcriptional regulator and the TATA-box binding protein (TBP). The recent crystallographic study by Burley and co-workers demonstrated the remarkable structural similarity contrasted to different transcriptional activity of 11 TBP/DNA complexes in which the DNAs differed by single base-pairs. By simulating these TATA variants and two other single base-pair variants that were not crystallizable, we uncover sequence-dependent structural, energetic, and flexibility properties that tailor TATA elements to TBP interactions, complementing many previous studies by refining kinetic hypotheses on sequence/activity correlations. The factors that combine to produce favorable elements for TBP activity include overall flexibility; minor groove widening, as well as roll, rise, and shift increases at the ends of the TATA element; untwisting within the TATA element accompanied by large roll at the TATA element ends; and relatively low maximal water densities around the DNA. These features accompany the severe deformation induced by the minor-groove binding protein, which kinks the TATA element at the ends and displaces local water molecules to form stabilizing hydrophobic contacts. Interestingly, the preferred bending direction itself is not a significant predictor of activity disposition, although certain variants (such as wild-type AdMLP, 5 0 -TATA4G-3 0 , and inactive A29, 5 0 -TA6G-3 0 ) exhibit large preferred bends in directions consistent with their activity or inactivity (major groove and minor groove bends, respectively). These structural, flexibility, and hydration preferences, identified here and connected to a new crystallographic study of a larger group of DNA variants than reported to date, highlight the profound influence of single base-pair DNA variations on DNA motion. Our refined kinetic hypothesis suggests the functional implications of these motions in a kinetic model of TATA/TBP recognition, inviting further theoretical and experimental research. # 2001 Academic Press
Catering to the healthy-living vacationer:

An essential function that is recommended for destinations and tourism and hospitality organizations to undertake is to learn about developments in the external environment that may have a substant...
Specific Phosphorylated Forms of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Associate with Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 and Inhibit Viral Transcription In Vitro

We previously reported specific interaction of cellular glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the key glycolytic enzyme, and La protein, the RNA polymerase III transcription factor, with the cis-acting RNAs of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) and packaging of these proteins within purified virions (B. P. De, S. Gupta, H. Zhao, J. Z. Drazba, and A. K. Banerjee, J. Biol. Chem. 271:24728-24735, 1996). To gain further insight into these molecular interactions, we analyzed the virion-associated GAPDH and La protein using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The GAPDH was resolved into two major and one minor molecular species migrating in the pI range of 7.6 to 8.3, while the La protein was resolved into five molecular species in the pI range of 6.8 to 7.5. The GAPDH isoforms present in the virions were also detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of CV-1 cell extract, albeit as minor species. On the other hand, the multiple molecular forms of La protein as seen within the virions were readily detected in the total CV-1 cell extract. Further analysis of virion-associated GAPDH by in vivo labeling with [(32)P]orthophosphate revealed the presence of multiple phosphorylated species. The phosphorylated species were able to bind specifically to the viral cis-acting 3' genome sense RNA but failed to bind to the leader sense RNA, as determined by gel mobility shift assay. In contrast, the La protein isoforms present within the virions were not phosphorylated and bound to the viral cis-acting RNAs in a phosphorylation-independent manner. The GAPDH isoforms purified from the CV-1 cell cytoplasmic fraction inhibited viral transcription in vitro. Consistent with this, flag-tagged recombinant GAPDH synthesized by using the vaccinia virus expression system also inhibited viral transcription. Together, these data indicate that specific phosphorylated forms of GAPDH associate with HPIV3 and are involved in the regulation of virus gene expression.
CSF amino acids in childhood epilepsy

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain and alterations in GABAergic function have been postulated to underlie seizure pathogenesis [1,2]. Studies of the GABA content of surgically removed epileptogenic foci have produced varying results with both elevated and low concentrations reported [3–5]. However, there is substantial evidence from experimental and clinical studies that CSF GABA concentrations may reflect central GABAergic activity [6,7]. Although the synthesis, metabolism and distribution of GABA in brain compartments is complex the CSF may provide an accessible means with which to study and follow changes in CNS neurotransmitters. Information on other CSF amino acids in epilepsy [8,9] is limited but it may be the balance between the excitatory amino acids, aspartic and glutamic acids, and inhibitory mechanisms that is important in seizure propensity. We are studying the concentration of GABA and other amino acids in the CSF of children with a variety of seizure disorders and febrile convulsions.
An empirical model and an inversion technique for radar scattering from bare soil surfaces

Polarimetric radar measurements were conducted for bare soil surfaces under a variety of roughness and moisture conditions at L-, C-, and X-band frequencies at incidence angles ranging from 10 degrees to 70 degrees . Using a laser profiler and dielectric probes, a complete and accurate set of ground truth data was collected for each surface condition, from which accurate measurements were made of the rms height, correlation length, and dielectric constant. Based on knowledge of the scattering behavior in limiting cases and the experimental observations, an empirical model was developed for sigma degrees /sub hh/, sigma degrees /sub vv/, and sigma degrees /sub hv/ in terms of ks (where k=2 pi / lambda is the wave number and s is the rms height) and the relative dielectric constant of the soil surface. The model, which was found to yield very good agreement with the backscattering measurements of the present study as well as with measurements reported in other investigations, was used to develop an inversion technique for predicting the rms height of the surface and its moisture content from multipolarized radar observations. >
Validation of plaster endocast morphology through 3D CT image analysis

A crucial component of research on brain evolution has been the comparison of fossil endocranial surfaces with modern human and primate endocrania. The latter have generally been obtained by creating endo- casts out of rubber latex shells filled with plaster. The extent to which the method of production introduces errors in endocast replicas is unknown. We demonstrate a powerful method of comparing complex shapes in 3- dimensions (3D) that is broadly applicable to a wide range of paleoanthropological questions. Pairs of virtual endocasts (VEs) created from high-resolution CT scans of corresponding latex/plaster endocasts and their associated crania were rigidly registered (aligned) in 3D space for two Homo sapiens and two Pan troglodytes specimens. Distances between each cranial VE and its corresponding latex/plaster VE were then mapped on a voxel-by-voxel basis. The results show that between 79.7% and 91.0% of the voxels in the four latex/plaster VEs are within 2 mm of their corresponding cranial VEs surfaces. The average error is relatively small, and variation in the pattern of error across the surfaces appears to be generally random overall. However, inferior areas around the cranial base and the temporal poles were somewhat overestimated in both human and chimpanzee specimens, and the area over- laying Broca's area in humans was somewhat underesti- mated. This study gives an idea of the size of possible error inherent in latex/plaster endocasts, indicating the level of confidence we can have with studies relying on compari- sons between them and, e.g., hominid fossil endocasts. Am J Phys Anthropol 132:183-192, 2007. V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using agent based simulation and model predictive control to study energy consumption behavior under dynamic pricing

In the interest of increasing energy efficiency and avoiding higher generation costs during peak periods, utility companies adopt various demand response (DR) methods to achieve load leveling or peak reduction. DR techniques influence consumer behavior via incentives and cause them to shift peak loads to off-peak periods. In this paper we study the energy consumption behavior of residents in response to a variable real-time pricing function. We consider thermostatic loads, specifically air conditioning, as the primary load and apply the model predictive control (MPC) method to study the behavior of consumers who make consumption decisions based on a trade-off between energy cost and thermal comfort. An agent-based simulation is used to model a population where each household is an agent embedded with the MPC algorithm. Each household is associated with a multi-attribute utility function, and is uniquely defined via the use of stochastic parameters in the utility function.
Adoptive Parents, Adaptive Parents: Evaluating the Importance of Biological Ties for Parental Investment

Contemporary legal and scholarly debates emphasize the importance of biological parents for children's well-being. Scholarship in this vein often relies on stepparent families even though adoptive families provide an ideal opportunity to explore the role of biology in family life. In this study, we compare two-adoptive-parent families with other families on one key characteristic—parental investment. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten-First Grade Waves (ECLS-K), basic group comparisons reveal an adoptive advantage over all family types. This advantage is due in part to the socioeconomic differences between adoptive and other families. Once we control for these factors, two-adoptive-parent families invest at similar levels as two-biological-parent families but still at significantly higher levels in most resources than other types of families. These findings are inconsistent with the expectations of sociological family structure explanations, which highlight barriers to pa...
Simplified flow calculations for tubes and parallel plates

The effective correlations of turbulent velocities and friction losses for tubes and parallel plates recently published have been analyzed further in order to simplify their use and to extend the range of Reynolds number. Working diagrams have been developed from which turbulent friction losses and local velocities for tubes and parallel plates can be calculated without interpolation or trial-and-error procedures. Tentative values of parallel-plate friction factors and average-to-maximum velocity ratios in the transition region are also included, and new experimental values of the velocity ratio in smooth tubes are reported. The working diagrams permit more rapid, accurate, and consistent calculations of fluid behavior to be made over a wider range of operating conditions than was previously possible.
Chorioangioma: An Atypical Ultrasonic Presentation

Chorioangiomas are common, benign placental tumors that rarely result in perinatal compli- cations unless large or strategically located. A characteristic ultrasonic appearance usually permits easy diagnosis. In the current case, an atypical chorioangioma was observed in close proximity to the cord insertion, leading to diagnostic difficulties. The clinical implications of chorioangiomas and their differen- tial ultrasonic diagnosis are discussed.
Confirmation of the "disability paradox" among hospice patients: preservation of quality of life despite physical ailments and psychosocial concerns.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial and spiritual issues among patients receiving hospice care.Methods: A questionnaire addressing QOL, spirituality, optimism, loss, fears about the terminal process and death anxiety was administered to 66 adults receiving care from 14 hospices. The physical components of QOL (physical symptoms and physical well-being) were rated lower than the psychosocial and spiritual aspects (support, existential well-being, psychological symptoms).Results: Respondents had a strong spiritual connection and a strong sense of hope. Although these individuals did not express anxiety or fear about death, there were concerns about the dying process itself. Also, although most felt at ease with their current situation, respondents were concerned about how their illness was affecting their family. Financial and legal issues did not concern most of these individuals.Significance of results: There were few significant associations between patient characteristics and the QOL or other psychosocial or spiritual issues addressed. Among this older terminally ill population receiving hospice care, whose functional status was fair and for whom physical symptoms were troublesome, QOL persisted and a positive outlook prevailed.
Systemic Methotrexate Toxicity: A Pharmacological Study of Its Occurrence After Intrathecal Administration in a Patient With Renal Failure

Methotrexate pharmacokinetic studies, performed on a patient with renal impairment who had toxic effects following 20 mg/sq m of intrathecally administered methotrexate, demonstrated prolonged serum concentrations of the drug, which accounted for the condition. After the return of normal renal function, pharmacokinetic studies were repeated following the same dose and route of administration of methotrexate. On this occasion there was a rapid clearance of serum methotrexate below toxic levels. ( Arch Intern Med 136:1321-1322, 1976)
Operator Engagement Detection and Robot Behavior Adaptation in Human-Robot Interaction

It is well known that in human-robot interaction, the effectiveness of a robot varies inversely with the operator engagement in the task. Given the importance of maintaining optimal task engagement when working with a robot, it would be immensely useful to have a robotic system that can detect the level of operator engagement and modify its behavior if required. This paper presents a framework for human-robot interaction in which operator's physiological signals were analyzed to infer his/her engagement level and the robot behavior was adapted as a function of the operator affective state. Peripheral physiological signals were measured through wearable biofeedback sensors and a control architecture inspired by Riley's original information-flow model was developed to implement such human-robot interaction. The results from affect-elicitation tasks for human participants showed that it is possible to detect engagement through physiological sensing in real-time. A teleoperation-based robotic experiment was also conducted to demonstrate that the presented control architecture allowed the robot to adapt its behavior based on operator engagement level.
Garfield's demon and surprising or unexpected results in science

The relative occurrence of the words “surprising” and “unexpected” in the titles of scientific papers was 11 times more common in 2001–2005 than in 1900–1955. However, papers which had titles containing one of these words did not receive enhanced numbers of citations. Both words (and also adjectives “unusual” and “unfortunately”) are used significantly more frequently in science than in social sciences and humanities. The distribution of the statements of surprise is not random in scientific literature (chemistry journals ranked highest in the number of papers claiming “surprising” or “unexpected” results) and may reflect the level of maturity of a discipline.
Transgene-Coded Chimeric Proteins as Reporters of Intracellular Proteolysis: Starvation-Induced Catabolism of a lacZ Fusion Protein in Muscle Cells of Caenorhabditis elegans

The product of an integrated transgene provides a convenient and cell-specific reporter of intracellular protein catabolism in 103 muscle cells of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The transgene is an in-frame fusion of a 5′-region of the C. elegans unc-54 (muscle myosin heavy-chain) gene to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli [Fire and Waterston (1989): EMBO J 8:3419–3428], encoding a 146-kDa fusion polypeptide that forms active β-galactosidase tetramers. The protein is stable in vivo in well-fed animals, but upon removal of the food source it is inactivated exponentially (t1/2 = 17 h) following an initial lag of 8 h. The same rate constant (but no lag) is observed in animals starved in the presence of cycloheximide, implying that inactivation is catalyzed by pre-existing proteases. Both the 146-kDa fusion polypeptide (t1/2 = 13 h) and a major 116-kDa intermediate (t1/2 = 7 h) undergo exponential physical degradation after a lag of 8 h. Degradation is thus paradoxically faster than inactivation, and a number of characteristic immunoreactive degradation intermediates, some less than one-third the size of the parent polypeptide, are found in affinity-purified (active) protein. Some of these intermediates are conjugated to ubiquitin. We infer that the initial proteolytic cleavages occur in the cytosol, possibly by a ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway and do not necessarily inactivate the fusion protein tetramer. J. Cell. Biochem. 67:143–153, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Resource Management Principles

The introduction described the real-time requirements of multimedia systems and the huge size of audio and video data. A computer system used for continuous media processing has to be able to cope with streams with data rates of several Mbit/s and provide timely processing guarantees, for instance such that it can synchronize audio and video streams up to a granularity of about 80 ms [Steinmetz 93].
Unusual Effect of Secretin on Serum Gastrin, Serum Calcium, and Gastric acid Secretion in a Patient with Suspected Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Previous studies in normal man demonstrated that secretin inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. This report describes a patient with suspected Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (i.e., elevated serum gastrin and hypersecretion of gastric acid) in whom secretin produced significant increases in serum calcium and gastrin, and in gastric acid secretion. The mechanism of this effect is unknown.
Integrating Computing Across the Curriculum The Impact of Internal Barriers and Training Intensity on Computer Integration in the Elementary School Classroom

This study examines the relationship between internal barriers, professional development, and computer integration outcomes among a sample of fourth- and fifth-grade teachers in an urban, low-incom...
Evaluating the Cultural Fit of the New Beginnings Parent Program for Divorced Asian American Mothers: A Pilot Study

As the first phrase of a research program aimed at adapting and delivering the New Beginnings Parent Program for divorced Asian American families, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the cultural fit of the New Beginnings Parent Program (NBP) with the target group. NBP is a manualized, parentfocused, psychoeducational program that has demonstrated robust evidence of preventing and reducing mental health and substance use problems among children from divorced, predominantly European American families. Literature reviews of basic research on parental divorce in Asian American families and parenting in Asian cultures suggested that NBP has the potential of benefiting divorced Asian American families. However, research on differences in needs and values of European Americans and Asian Americans suggested that some tailoring of the program might be important for the program to be good fit for Asian American families. To evaluate the NBP’s fit with the values and needs of divorced Asian American families and its potential for engaging this population, as well as to identify aspects of NBP requiring a cultural adaptation, the authors conducted a pilot study with 10 recently divorced or separated Asian American mothers. The mothers received the 10-week NBP intervention as it was originally designed. Quantitative and qualitative data suggested that the overall themes and core components of the NBP were acceptable to divorced Asian American parents, and the program successfully engaged this group. The pilot study also identified several areas in which NBP can be modified to better engage Asian American parents and address the culturally salient needs of this population.
Coulomb pairing and photo-double-ionization in benzene and other aromatic molecules

Recently reported anomalies in the photo-double-ionization spectra of the aromatic molecules partially deuterated benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pentacene, azulene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and coronene are attributed to Coulomb-pair resonances of \ensuremath{\pi} electrons. The properties of the resonance in benzene are investigated in detail. The quasilinear behavior in the 2+/1+ ion ratio above the resonance is attributed to a transition associated with excitation from the ground state to a two-electron continuum. A similar explanation applies to the quasilinear behavior seen in the pentagonal rings pyrrole, furan, selenophene, and thiophene which do not display resonance peaks.
Damage detection on mesosurfaces using distributed sensor network and spectral diffusion maps

In this work, we develop a data-driven method for the diagnosis of damage in mesoscale mechanical structures using an array of distributed sensor networks. The proposed approach relies on comparing intrinsic geometries of data sets corresponding to the undamaged and damaged states of the system. We use a spectral diffusion map approach to identify the intrinsic geometry of the data set. In particular, time series data from distributed sensors is used for the construction of diffusion maps. The low dimensional embedding of the data set corresponding to different damage levels is obtained using a singular value decomposition of the diffusion map. We construct appropriate metrics in the diffusion space to compare the different data sets corresponding to different damage cases. The developed algorithm is applied for damage diagnosis of wind turbine blades. To achieve this goal, we developed a detailed finite element-based model of CX-100 blade in ANSYS using shell elements. Typical damage, such as crack or delamination, will lead to a loss of stiffness, is modeled by altering the stiffness of the laminate layer. One of the main challenges in the development of health monitoring algorithms is the ability to use sensor data with a relatively small signal-to-noise ratio. Our developed diffusion map-based algorithm is shown to be robust to the presence of sensor noise. The proposed diffusion map-based algorithm is advantageous by enabling the comparison of data from numerous sensors of similar or different types of data through data fusion, hereby making it attractive to exploit the distributed nature of sensor arrays. This distributed nature is further exploited for the purpose of damage localization. We perform extensive numerical simulations to demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully determine the extent of damage on the wind turbine blade and also localize the damage. We also present preliminary results for the application of the developed algorithm on the experimental data. These preliminary results obtained using experimental data are promising and is a topic of our ongoing investigation.
“A more loyal, union loving people can nowhere be found”: Squatters' Rights, Secession Anxiety, and the 1861 “Settlers’ War” in San Jose

The 1861 “Settlers' War” of San Jose illustrates how ideals central to nineteenth-century American political culture undermined Mexican claims to land rights in California. This article argues that the dispossession of Californios must be understood within a larger context of anti-land monopolism and its relationship to race, unionism, and the crisis of secession.
Time-Dependent Reliability Design of Forestry Mechanical Structure

Using random process and sequence statistical theory,a time-dependent functional equation model of forestry mechanical components is established,which allows for random loads and strength degradation.A second moment and a perturbation method are used to get reliability indexes in order to calculate the time-dependent reliability of components.The actual calculation result shows that the establishment of the functional equation model complies with the actual working conditions.
Comprehensive pharmaceutical services in the emergency room.

A decentralized pharmaceutical service functioning in a hospital emergency room from 4 p.m. to midnight daily is described. Start-up costs were determined to be less than $2,200 for the system which includes a mobile medication cart stocked with a limited inventory of prepackaged medications. Approximately 94% of the prescriptions originating from the emergency room from 4 p.m. to 8 a.m. can be filled from the cart. Results of a nine-month survey indicated that an average of 20.6 prescriptions were filled on the 4 p.m. to midnight shift each day, producing an average daily profit over drug expense of $60.51, which was more than the salary expense of the pharmacists providing the service. The time required to provide traditional prescription services has not interfered with the provision of clinical services or opportunities for educating undergraduate pharmacy students who rotate through the area. Implementation of clinical pharmaceutical services with a traditional component is suggested as a cost-effective method of providing such services.
Should family physicians test for human papillomavirus infection?: An opposing view

Recent advances in the field of molecular biology have expanded the knowledge of HPV manifestations. We have attempted to separate those circumstances when HPV testing may be useful in patient management and when it may not. Routine screening for HPV has not yet been shown to be useful. One must weigh informing 10% of patients that they have a potentially oncogenic virus against the ability of a repeat Papanicolaou smear to detect the lesion. On the other hand, HPV detection in the setting of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear and an acetowhite lesion that on biopsy lacks the histologic features of CIL does predict who is at high risk for CIL. HPV typing should not affect clinical management, and we do not recommend it. HPV detection by in situ hybridization is a very useful adjunct to histological analysis in genital tract lesions that are clinically suggestive of an HPV lesion but where the histological analysis is equivocal. This ability to distinguish true HPV lesions from its mimics is often crucial to the patient, given the implications of having a sexually transmitted disease.
Thinking Outside the Box: Co-planning Scientific Presentations with Virtual Agents

Oral presentations are central to scientific communication, yet the quality of many scientific presentations is poor. To improve presentation quality, scientists need to invest greater effort in the creative design of presentation content. We present AceTalk, a presentation planning system supported by a virtual assistant. This assistant motivates and collaborates with users in a structured brainstorming process to explore engaging presentation structures and content types. Our study of AceTalk demonstrates the potential of human-agent collaboration to facilitate the design of audience-centered presentations, while highlighting the need for rich modelling of audiences, presenters and talk contexts.
A hemispherical monopole rectenna array for multi-directional, multi-polarization, and multi-band ambient RF energy harvesting

Rectennas for ambient RF energy harvesting are gathering significant interest as a source of sustainable energy. Maximizing harvested energy output is challenging due to the limitations of the bandwidth of the antenna and the impedance matching of the non-linear rectifier. In this work, we propose a hemispherical array of multiband, coupled-resonator monopoles for RF energy harvesting. We employ a multiband monopole antenna to target frequency bands with the high energy densities, particularly at GSM900, GSM1800, and WLAN (2.4 GHz) frequencies. Using a hemispherical array further enables the design to receive a diversity of angles of arrival and polarizations.
Operando Raman Micro-Spectroscopy of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Abstract : Operando Raman micro-spectroscopy of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a fully operating hydrogen/oxygen Nafion electrolyte fuel cell is described. Coarse depth profiling of the fuel cell system enabled appropriate positioning of the micro-spectroscopy laser focal point for MEA catalytic layer spectroscopy. An increase in the ionomer state-of-hydration, from oxygen reduction at the cathode, transitions ion exchange sites from the sulfonic acid to the dissociated sulfonate form. Visualization of density functional theory calculated normal mode eigenvector animations enabled assignments of Nafion side-chain vibrational bands in terms of the exchange site local symmetry: C1 and C3V modes correlate to the sulfonic acid and sulfonate forms respectively. The gradual transition of the MEA spectra from C1 to C3V modes, from the fuel cell open circuit voltage to the short circuit current respectively, demonstrate the utility of vibrational group mode assignments in terms of exchange site local symmetry.
Metabolic and Genetic Liver Diseases: Glycogen Storage Diseases

A common feature of glycogen storage disorders (GSD) is the inefficient release of glucose from glycogen stores. This can lead to hypoglycemia at the time of starvation, and severe hypoglycemia can lead to metabolic strokes, irreversible brain damage, and death. Duration of starvation, rate of glucose utilization (increased in febrile illness) and type of GSD determine the severity of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia tends to be more severe in GSD type Ia, less severe in types VI and IX, and there is generally no hypoglycemia in type V and type VII GSD. Common findings in GSD include hepatomegaly and muscle weakness. Liver adenomas can be late complications. Genetic testing is available for most conditions.
Fate of conifer terpenes in a polyphagous folivore: evidence for metabolism by gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).

Conifers comprise a substantial portion of the host range of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. In this study, the effects and fates of the predominant conifer phytochemicals, monoterpenes and dit...
Chemoprotective and Chemosensitizing Effects of Nitric Oxide and Other Biologically Active Gases in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: Potential Implications

Abstract Since the discovery in 1987 that vascular endothelial cells are able to synthesize nitric oxide (NO) from l -arginine, the existence of this biochemical pathway in many other cell types has been thoroughly documented, and its relevance in biology has become apparent. NO, a free-radical gas, synthesized by a family of isoenzymes called NO synthases, was shown to play a key role as a cell-signaling molecule in the vascular nervous and immune systems. It also exhibited a cytostatic/cytotoxic property at higher concentrations as generated by activated macrophages and endothelial cells. The role of NO in cancer biology and more so in breast cancer, however, started to be elucidated only in 1995 by Thomsen et al. (1995). In this chapter, we will review some of the key aspects of endogenous NO as produced in breast cancer cells and breast tumors. We will allude to the early studies that described NO production in breast tumor tissues and breast cancer cells and point to some of its proposed functions in breast cancer homeostasis. We will discuss how these findings could be of therapeutic benefit and finally end with some information on how a mechanistic cross talk between endogenously produced NO and another gaseous signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), in breast cancer cells may open up new opportunities for intervention. We will also discuss one potential mechanism of infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer and its clinical significance.
Gardner tongs and cervical traction.

Treatment of cervical spine injuries dates from 4000 B.C.; however, the development of safe and effective methods of cervical traction did not appear until the 20th century. Although many devices have been introduced to stabilize the cervical spine, the invention of spring-loaded tongs by Gardner in 1973 was a significant technological advance. Gardner tongs are easily applied, have little tendency to become dislodged, and cause few complications.
Latex Particle Size Analysis by Chromatographic Methods: Porous Packed Systems and Detection of Polystyrene

Experimental results are presented for the size separation of polystyrene latexes using a porous packed system of a single large pore size. Parameters such as separation factor, ionic strength, flow rate, axial dispersion, and resolution are considered, and compared to results obtained using nonporous hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC). The porous system shows improved peak separation, however, overall resolution is decreased due to increased axial dispersion. A parallel flow-through bank model is presented to account for the ionic strength behavior of the separation factor in a porous system. Resolution in terms of optimum signal detection is discussed to account for absorption and scattering effects of polystyrene latexes. Overall improvement in HDC signal resolution resulting from optical density measurements in the absorbing region is shown to occur.
Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Moderate to Severe Congenital Heart Disease.

Objectives Determine the prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage in infants with moderate to severe congenital heart disease, investigate the impact of gestational age, cardiac diagnosis, and cardiac intervention on intraventricular hemorrhage, and compare intraventricular hemorrhage rates in preterm infants with and without congenital heart disease. Design A single-center retrospective review. Setting A tertiary care children's hospital. Patients All infants admitted to St. Louis Children's Hospital from 2007 to 2012 with moderate to severe congenital heart disease requiring cardiac intervention in the first 90 days of life and all preterm infants without congenital heart disease or congenital anomalies/known genetic diagnoses admitted during the same time period. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Cranial ultrasound data were reviewed for presence/severity of intraventricular hemorrhage. Head CT and brain MRI data were also reviewed in the congenital heart disease infants. Univariate analyses were undertaken to determine associations with intraventricular hemorrhage, and a final multivariate logistic regression model was performed. There were 339 infants with congenital heart disease who met inclusion criteria and 25.4% were born preterm. Intraventricular hemorrhage was identified on cranial ultrasound in 13.3% of infants, with the majority of intraventricular hemorrhage being low-grade (grade I/II). The incidence increased as gestational age decreased such that intraventricular hemorrhage was present in 8.7% of term infants, 19.2% of late preterm infants, 26.3% of moderately preterm infants, and 53.3% of very preterm infants. There was no difference in intraventricular hemorrhage rates between cardiac diagnoses. Additionally, the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage did not increase after cardiac intervention, with only three infants demonstrating new/worsening high-grade (grade III/IV) intraventricular hemorrhage after surgery. In a multivariate model, only gestational age at birth and African-American race were predictors of intraventricular hemorrhage. In the subset of infants with CT/MRI data, there was good sensitivity and specificity of cranial ultrasound for presence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Conclusions Infants with congenital heart disease commonly develop intraventricular hemorrhage, particularly when born preterm. However, the vast majority of intraventricular hemorrhage is low-grade and is associated with gestational age and African-American race.