cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The kinetics of CO oxidation by adsorbed oxygen on well‐defined gold particles on TiO2(110)

Very tiny Au particles on TiO2 show excellent activity and selectivity in a number of oxidation reactions. We have studied the vapor deposition of Au onto a TiO2(110) surface using XPS, LEIS, LEED and TPD and found that we can prepare Au islands with controlled thicknesses from one to several monolayers. In order to understand at the atomic level the unusual catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of this system, we have studied oxygen adsorption on Au/TiO2(110) as a function of Au island thickness, and have measured the titration of this adsorbed oxygen with CO gas to yield CO2, as function of Au island thickness, CO pressure and temperature. A hot filament was used to dose gaseous oxygen atoms. TPD results show higher O2 desorption temperatures (741 K) from ultrathin gold particles on TiO2(110) than from thicker particles (545 K). This implies that Oa bonds much more strongly to ultrathin islands of Au. Thus from Bronsted relations, ultrathin gold particles should be able to dissociatively adsorb O2 more readily than thick gold particles. Our studies of the titration reaction of oxygen adatoms with CO (to produce CO2) show that this reaction is extremely rapid at room temperature, but its rate is slightly slower for the thinnest Au islands. Thus the association reaction (COg + Oa → CO2,g) gets faster as the oxygen adsorption strength decreases, again as expected from Bronsted relations. For islands of about two atomic layers thickness, the rate increases slowly with temperature, with an apparent activation energy of 11.4 ± 2.8 kJ/mol, and shows a first‐order rate in CO pressure and oxygen coverage, similar to bulk Au(110).
Optical display for radar sensing

Boltzmann headstone S = k B Log W turns out to be the Rosette stone for Greek physics translation optical display of the microwave sensing hieroglyphics. The LHS is the molecular entropy S measuring the degree of uniformity scattering off the sensing cross sections. The RHS is the inverse relationship (equation) predicting the Planck radiation spectral distribution parameterized by the Kelvin temperature T. Use is made of the conservation energy law of the heat capacity of Reservoir (RV) change T Δ S = -ΔE equals to the internal energy change of black box (bb) subsystem. Moreover, an irreversible thermodynamics Δ S > 0 for collision mixing toward totally larger uniformity of heat death, asserted by Boltzmann, that derived the so-called Maxwell-Boltzmann canonical probability. Given the zero boundary condition black box, Planck solved a discrete standing wave eigenstates (equation). Together with the canonical partition function (equation) an average ensemble average of all possible internal energy yielded the celebrated Planck radiation spectral (equation) where the density of states (equation). In summary, given the multispectral sensing data (equation), we applied Lagrange Constraint Neural Network (LCNN) to solve the Blind Sources Separation (BSS) for a set of equivalent bb target temperatures. From the measurements of specific value, slopes and shapes we can fit a set of Kelvin temperatures T’s for each bb targets. As a result, we could apply the analytical continuation for each entropy sources along the temperature-unique Planck spectral curves always toward the RGB color temperature display for any sensing probing frequency.
Plowshare and the Environment

Deeply buried underground nuclear explosions used in the recovery of minerals and natural gas can have a positive impact on the environment. To put this on a quantitative base, one can compute emis...
Hydro Project Formulation: Results in the Southeast

The Congress has directed that water resource development plans and projects be comprehensive in that adequate consideration be given to all uses that are of value to the public. Besides power, flood control, navigation, and irrigation, statutory support is specifically mentioned for recreation, fish and wildlife, water supply, and water quality control. The general principle applied is that each use should be developed so the difference between benefits and cost is maximized, although in applying this principle it is recognized that latitude must be exercised to allow for benefits or effects of public concern that cannot be appraised in monetary terms and for choice between conflicting uses. A major feature of the paper concerns the concepts involved in hydro power project formulation. To determine whether power facilities should be included in a water resource project, tests are applied to ascertain economic and financial feasibility. The application of these concepts or corresponding ones used earlier has resulted in the authorization of power facilities in the southeast the capacity of which totals 1,647,000 kw with an average annual output of 3,875,000,000.
Alignability equivalence of synchronous sequential circuits

Sequential verification is a well known research framework that has attracted many researchers in the aca demic and industrial worlds during the last few decades. In this framework, initialization of synchronous models is one of the fundamental and challenging research topics that is difficult to solve, especially when talking about large industrial strengths hardware models. Many researchers in this domain such as Pomeranz and Reddy (1994), Pixley and Beihl (1991), and Pixley, Jeong and Hachtel (1994), and others tried to analyze and propose solutions to this problem, however the majority of the approaches used were based on BDDs and classical reachability analysis methods, which by nature suffer from capacity and complexity limits. When talking about hardware formal equivalence verification, the Initialization issue becomes even more complex especially when trying to verify the logic equivalence of two large industrial circuits. In this note we propose a new adaptive and iterative approach that combines various symbolic simulation techniques and bounded model checking algorithms to initialize sequential circuits for the alignability equivalence verification. The novelty of our method has been employed on complex real life sequential models from Intel lead Pentium processor designs. These methods are already implemented in Intel's sequential verification engine, Insight.
Surgical treatment of valvular heart disease

Abstract Extensive experience has been gained with prosthetic replacement of the mitral valve since it was first introduced by Starr in 1961. Operative mortality following prosthetic replacement has decreased to about 10 per cent, but 10 to 15 per cent of patients subsequently die in the first two years following operation, either from complications related to the prosthesis or from their underlying cardiac disease. Hence, at present, operation should be recommended only for patients with progressive disability from valvular disease. Following mitral replacement, about 65 per cent of patients become asymptomatic, 25 per cent have mild symptoms, and for unknown reasons about 10 per cent remain with significant disability. A potentially very significant advance has been made in the past year with the introduction of cloth-covered prostheses, which from presently available data indicate that the incidence of thromboembolism may be decreased from the range of 20 to 25 per cent to as low as 2 to 4 per cent. This advance, if confirmed, may greatly liberalize future indications for mitral valve replacement. Only preliminary experiences are yet available with homograft and heterograft prostheses.
Distribution and Diversity of Dissimilatory NO2− Reductases in Denitrifying Bacteria

Denitrification is the biological reduction of nitrogenous oxides to gaseous products during anaerobic bacterial growth. Some organisms, Thiosphaera pantotropha in particular, appear to denitrify in aerobic conditions (Robertson and Kuenen, 1984). However, denitrification can usually be delimited by these criterion (Tiedje, 1988): (1) It is sensitive to oxygen inhibition; (2) Growth yield will be proportional to the amount of nitrogenous oxide present; (3) Eighty percent or more of the available NO 3 − or NO 2 − will accumulate as N2O or N2; (4) NO 3 − or NO 2 − will be rapidly dissimilated without NH 4 + accumulation; (5) A dissimilatory NO 2 − reductase (dNir) will be present.
Immobilized polyphosphate kinase: preparation, properties, and potential for use in adenosine 5'-triphosphate regeneration.

Polyphosphate kinase partially purified from Escherichia coli, has been immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated aminoethyl cellulose with a 10% retention of enzymatic activity. The immobilized enzyme can carry out the synthesis of ATP from ADP, using long-chain inorganic polyphosphate as a phosphoryl donor. Chromatographic analyses of the product mixture produced from ADP and (/sup 32/P)polyphosphate demonstrated that 98% of the /sup 32/P was incorporated into ATP, indicating that the immobilized polyphosphate kinase is substantially free from contaminating polyphosphate phosphohydrolase, adenosine triphosphatase, and adenylate kinase. Immobilized polyphosphate kinase loses no activity when stored in an aqueous suspension for 2 months at 5 degrees C or for 1-2 weeks at 25 degrees C. It may be stored indefinitely as a lyophilized powder at -10 degrees C. Michaelis constants for ADP and polyphosphate were determined to be 160 and 120 microM, respectively, for the immobilized enzyme. A small-batch reactor was found to produce ATP linearly with time up to 65% conversion of polyphosphate into ATP and to attain greater than 85% conversion to ATP at equilibrium. The ease of purification and immobilization of E. coli polyphosphate kinase, its storage stability, the purity and yield of its ATP product, and the low values of the Michaelismore » constants for its substrates make it a highly promising enzyme for ATP regeneration.« less
Innate Direct Anticancer Effector Function of Human Immature Dendritic Cells. II. Role of TNF, Lymphotoxin-α1β2, Fas Ligand, and TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Our recent studies have demonstrated that human immature dendritic cells (DCs) are able to directly and effectively mediate apoptotic killing against a wide array of cultured and freshly-isolated cancer cells without harming normal cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that this tumoricidal activity is mediated by multiple cytotoxic TNF family ligands. We determine that human immature DCs express on their cell surface four different cytotoxic TNF family ligands: TNF, lymphotoxin-α 1 β 2 , Fas ligand, and TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand; while cancer cells express the corresponding death receptors. Disruptions of interactions between the four ligands expressed on DCs and corresponding death-signaling receptors expressed on cancer cells using specific Abs or R:Fc fusion proteins block the cytotoxic activity of DCs directed against cancer cells. The novel findings suggest that DC killing of cancer cells is mediated by the concerted engagement of four TNF family ligands of DCs with corresponding death receptors of cancer cells. Overall, our data demonstrate that DCs are fully equipped for an efficient direct apoptotic killing of cancer cells and suggest that this mechanism may play a critical role in both afferent and efferent anti-tumor immunity.
Heuristic Model Checking for Java Programs

Two recent areas of interest in software model checking are checking programs written in standard programming languages [1],[5] and using heuristics to guide the exploration of an explicit-state model checker [3]. Model checking real programs has the drawback that programs often contain a larger degree of detail than designs and hence are more dificult to check (due to the more acute stateexplosion problem); however the large amount of detail in a program allows more precise heuristics for narrowing down the search space when using a model checker for error-detection. This paper describes the addition of support for heuristic (or directed) search strategies to Java PathFinder (JPF), an explicit state model checker for Java bytecode that uses a custom-made Java Virtual Machine (JVM) [5].
Frequent itemsets mining on weighted uncertain data

Mining frequent itemsets from datasets is a well studied problem. Several variations of this problem have also been investigated in the literature. Two such variations deal with datasets with weights and datasets with uncertainty. There are many applications where the data are both weighted and uncertain. Mining from such datasets has not been studied before. In this paper we initiate the study of frequent itemsets mining from weighted uncertain data. In particular, we propose two algorithms called HWUAPRIORI and VWUFIM for mining frequent itemsets from weighted uncertain data. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms on various datasets.
Synthesis, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of FeCo-VC Composites

Fe-Co-V-C quaternary alloys were drop cast and directionally solidified to obtain an in situ composite. It is found that the fully eutectic structure occurs at a composition of Fe - 40.5Co -10.4V- 8.6C (at. %) in a drop-cast alloy. Directional solidification of this composition in a high-temperature optical floating zone furnace produces a well-aligned microstructure, consisting of sub-micron VC fibers ({approx}19% by volume) embedded in a FeCo-5V solid solution matrix containing {approx}1% C. The temperature dependencies of mechanical properties of this composite were examined by tensile tests and the composite was found to have higher yield strength and lower ductility than the matrix.
132 EFFECT OF CHEST SHIELDING DURING PHOTOTHERAPY ON THE INCIDENCE OF PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA) IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PDA is common among premature neonates, especially those 4.0uW/cm2/nn in all cases. The significant reduction of PDA with shielding (p< 0.035) suggests that phototherapy is a factor that may play a role in the occurrence of PDA in prematures. Shielding may be a practical method to decrease this common complication should this initial observation be confirmed.
Full Nash implementation of neutral social functions

This paper characterizes neutral social functions that are fully implementable. A neutral social function must be monotonic and simple to be fully implementable under either the Nash equilibrium concept or the strong Nash equilibrium concept. If a neutral social function is monotonic and simple, then the social function is fully implementable by a set of Nash equilibria. For finite alternative sets a neutral social function will be fully implementable by a set of strong Nash equilibria if and only if it is monotonic, simple and dictatorial.
Redox-triggered C-C coupling of alcohols and vinyl epoxides: diastereo- and enantioselective formation of all-carbon quaternary centers via tert-(hydroxy)-prenylation.

Iridium catalyzed primary alcohol oxidation triggers reductive C–O bond cleavage of isoprene oxide to form aldehyde-allyliridium pairs that combine to form products of tert-(hydroxy)-prenylation, a motif found in >2000 terpenoid natural products. Curtin–Hammett effects are exploited to enforce high levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity in the formation of an all-carbon quaternary center. The present redox-triggered carbonyl additions occur in the absence of stoichiometric byproducts, premetalated reagents, and discrete alcohol-to-aldehyde redox manipulations.
Steady-state creep of fiber-reinforced composites: constitutive equations and computational issues

Abstract The general form of the constitutive equations that describe steady-state creep of fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites with transversely isotropic overall symmetry is developed. The physical meaning of the constitutive functions involved is discussed in detail. A method for the numerical integration of the constitutive equations is developed. The “linearization moduli” associated with the integration algorithm are computed, and the constitutive model is implemented in a general purpose finite element program. A constitutive model for steady-state creep of fiber-reinforced composite that has been developed recently by deBotton and Ponte Castaneda (1993) is also considered. A number of “unit cell” problems with periodic boundary conditions, consistent with the requirements of homogenization theory, are solved by using the finite element method, and the results are compared with the predictions of the analytical model of deBotton and Ponte Castaneda.
Between Geist and Zeitgeist: Martin Heidegger as Ideologue of ‘Metapolitical Fascism’

Abstract The following article is a response to an ongoing debate over the significance of Martin Heidegger's political affiliation with National Socialism, an association still fiercely contested due the continuing influence of his work on fields as diverse as feminism, ecology and deconstruction. This article attempts to refocus the Heidegger controversy upon ideological grounds by suggesting that his brief identification with, and later movement away from, the reality of the Third Reich was intrinsic to his post‐1930 philosophy. This world view, firmly located within the ideals of ‘Conservative Revolutionary’ thinkers also spurning the practice of Nazism, can be most usefully understood when viewed from an emerging consensus within ‘fascist studies’. When seen from this conceptual framework, Heidegger's project reveals itself to be far more political than previously assumed, illustrating the reasons for its central place within post‐war and contemporary fascist metapolitics.
On the instability of natural convection flow on inclined plates

Experiments are carried out to establish the relationship between the nature of the flow instability and the inclination angle of the plate. The angular dependence of the Rayleigh number characterizing the onset of instability is also determined. An electrochemical flow visualization technique is utilized to expose the patterns of fluid motion. It is found that for inclination angles of less than 14° (relative to the vertical), waves are the mode of instability. On the other hand, for inclination angles in excess of 17°, the instability is characterized by longitudinal vortices. The range between 14° and 17° is a zone of continuous transition, with the two modes of instability co-existing.
An Evidence-Based Catheter Bundle Alters Central Venous Catheter Strategy in Newborn Infants

Objective To assess whether introduction of an evidence-based percutaneously inserted central catheter (PICC) care bundle reduced the risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), thus altering the comparative risk of CLABSI in infants. Study design This retrospective cohort study included all infants for whom an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) was placed as part of routine care between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2009, a period during which standardized PICC insertion and care bundles were introduced. Duration of UVC use was divided in ≤7 days and >7 days. Results Infants in the ≤7 days UVC group had 1.0 CLABSI/1000 catheter days, and infants in the >7 days UVC group had 4.0 CLABSI/1000 catheter days ( P 7 days UVC group had a greater risk of CLABSI (OR, 5.48) than the ≤7 days UVC group. CLABSI rate increased more rapidly in UVC than PICC with increasing duration of catheter rose. Conclusions Replacement of a UVC with a PICC when central venous access is needed after 7 days of age may reduce CLABSI.
Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World's Fairs, 1851–1939

(2013). Inventing the Modern World: Decorative Arts at the World's Fairs, 1851–1939. Design and Culture: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 255-260.
THE DEVELOPMENT, INVESTIGATION, AND EVALUATION OF NEW ITEM TYPES FOR THE GRE ANALYTICAL MEASURE

The aim of this research was to identify, develop, and evaluate empirically new reasoning item types that might be used to broaden the analytical measure of the GRE General Test and to strengthen its construct validity. Item types were identified that varied in the aspects of reasoning they measure. Six item types were selected for empirical evaluation, including the two currently used in the GRE analytical measure. All of the experimental item types were developed in a 3-option multiple-choice format, and four of them also were developed in a multiple-yes/no format. Two experimental batteries were assembled, one using the 3-option format and the other using the multiple-yes/no format. Two samples of approximately 370 examinees each, all of whom had recently taken the GRE General Test, were administered one or the other experimental battery. Item analyses and analyses of sex differences, criterion-related validity, and relationships of the experimental item types to the current GRE measures were conducted. All but one of the experimental item types exhibited promise for strengthening the GRE analytical measure, and even the one exception appeared to be a possible item type for the GRE verbal measure. Evidence for interactions between item type and item format suggested that varying the format may result in the assessment of a different aspect of reasoning for some but not all reasoning item types. Different combinations of the experimental item types were evaluated in a series of confirmatory factor analyses, supplemented by correlational analyses and an exploratory factor analysis. Findings indicated that the convergent validity of the GRE analytical measure probably can be strengthened by selectively adding or substituting some of the experimental item types. However, such alterations of the GRE analytical measure probably would not improve the measure's discriminant validity. The study also provided evidence suggesting that the reasoning domain consists of two major subdomains: informal reasoning and formal-deductive reasoning. This outcome has implications both for understanding the structure of the reasoning domain and for predicting the impact of different combinations of reasoning item types on the construct validity of the GRE analytical measure.
Characterizing pulmonary nodule shape using a boundary-region approach

Using computer-calculated features to characterize the shape of suspicious lesions aims to assist the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules; moreover, these computerized features have to be in agreement with radiologists' ratings measuring their human perception of the nodules' shape. In the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC), there exists strong disagreement among the radiologists on the ratings of the shape diagnostic characteristics as well as on their drawn outlines of the extent of the nodules. Since shape is often considered a property of the object boundary and the manual boundaries are not consistent among radiologists, new methods are necessary to, first, define regionbased boundaries that use radiologists' outlines as guides and, second, adapt computer-based shape measurements to use regions rather than the traditional nodule segmentation outlines. This paper introduces a method for defining a boundary region of interest by combining radiologist-drawn outlines (the pixel-set difference between the union and intersection of all radiologist-drawn outlines for a specific nodule), then adapts a radial gradient indexing method for use within image regions, and lastly predicts several composite ratings of sets of radiologists for shape-based characteristics: spiculation, lobulation, and sphericity. The prediction of the majority (mode) rating significantly outperforms earlier work on predicting the ratings of individual radiologists. The prediction of spiculation improves to 53% from 41%, lobulation increases to 44% from 38%, and sphericity improves to 58% from 43%. A binary version of the rating has high accuracy but poor Kappa agreement for all three shape characteristics.
Switzerland's nation branding initiative to foster science and technology, higher education and innovation: A case study

This article presents a case study about Switzerland's initiative to promote its science and technology, higher education and innovation environment. This is accomplished through a worldwide network of science and technology outposts run by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research in cooperation with the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. In this article, we specifically discuss the outpost located in Boston. swissnex Boston acts as a physical and virtual environment to foster closer ties between Switzerland and the Boston region in various fields of interest to academia, industry, business and society. We present the history and mission of swissnex Boston, its role and organizational structure, and a benchmarking analysis of other nations’ initiatives. We further discuss the required leadership and performance measurement of swissnex Boston and the main challenges it has surmounted in its 10 years of operation.
Applications of Rutherford ion backscattering to surface crystallography

Abstract Rutherford backscattering of energetic ions from solid surfaces is a powerful tool for the study of crystal surfaces. The scattering cross-sections and ion trajectories in the solid are well understood for ions with energies above 0.1 MeV. The scattering process is easily described in terms of simple geometrical models using classical mechanics. Theoretical simulations of the experiments use Monte Carlo methods. The experimental apparatus is simple and the availability of standards makes absolute measurements straightforward. Rutherford backscattering provides the most accurate method currently available to measure small surface relaxations. It has been used to determine adsorbate locations, to characterize surface reconstructions and phase transformations, and to study the initial stages of epitaxial growth and thermal oxidation. The method is also being used to study surface lattice dynamics including enhanced surface vibrations and correlated motions. Applications of Rutherford ion backscattering are expanding rapidly and many important problems in surface and interface science are being attacked.
In situ localization of agouti signal protein in murine skin using immunohistochemistry with an ASP-specific antibody.

Abstract Switching between production of eumelanin or pheomelanin in follicular melanocytes is responsible for hair color in mammals; in mice, this switch is controlled by the agouti locus, which encodes agouti signal protein (ASP) through the action of melanocortin receptor 1. To study expression and processing patterns of ASP in the skin and its regulation of pigment production in hair follicles, we have generated a rabbit antibody (termed αPEP16) against a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the carboxyl terminus of ASP. The specificity of that antibody was measured by ELISA and was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Using immunohistochemistry, we characterized the expression of ASP in the skin of newborn mice at 3, 6, and 9 days postnatally. Expression in nonagouti (a/a) black mouse skin was negative at all times examined, as expected, and high expression of ASP was observed in 6 day newborn agouti (A/+) and in 6 and 9 day newborn lethal yellow (Ay/a) mouse skin. In lethal yellow (pheomelanogenic) mice, ASP expression increased day by day as the hair color became more yellow. These expression patterns suggest that ASP is delivered quickly and efficiently to melanocytes and to hair matrix cells in the hair bulbs where it regulates melanin production.
Identifying Web browsing trends and patterns

Since it entered the popular culture in 1994, the World Wide Web has grown from approximately two million servers to more than 110 million in 2001, according to the Internet Software Consortium. Jupiter Media Metrix, an Internet research company, estimates that during this same period, the number of US home Web users has likewise increased from 3 million to more than 89 million. Has this phenomenal growth resulted in fundamental changes in the way users browse the Web? To address this question, we analyzed a sample of more than 20,000 Internet users who accessed the Web from July 1997 through December 1999. This nationally representative data set collected by Jupiter Media Metrix is unique because it was gathered from users' computers, not servers, thus it is immune to caching problems present in other Web usage studies.
Electronic properties of clean cleaved {110} GaAs surfaces☆

Abstract Photoelectric emission, contact potentials and surface photovoltages have been measured on clean, cleaved {110} surfaces of n-and p-type GaAs between 77°K and 350°K. Room-temperature work-function values depend on bulk doping and range from 4.70 eV to 5.53 eV. Ionization energy is in agreement with values reported by Gobeli and Allen. P-type samples show no band bending, no surface photovoltage and small temperature-dependence of the work function. N-type samples show large band bending (0.8 eV at room temperature in the dark) that depends strongly on illumination and temperature. Surface photovoltage is due to interband transitions in the bulk. Results are interpreted in terms of a band of surface acceptors with a density of at least 2 × 10 13 cm −2 eV −1 at a lower band-edge which lies 0.85 eV below the conduction band edge.
Bias Influence on Corrosion of Plastic Encapsulated Device Metal Systems

Because of apparent anomalies noted on data recorded in tests conducted on PEDs (plastic encapsulated device) a re-examination of the influence of voltage biasing in temperature-humidity-bias testing has been conducted. Applied bias can have an important influence on the reliability of plastic encapsulated transistors, depending on how it is applied. The analysis presented in this paper on the role of bias influence on PED failure rate explains some of the discrepancies that have been noted in the past by the author and other investigators.
Kinetics of thermal decomposition of a synthetic K–H3O jarosite analog

The thermal decomposition kinetics of a synthetic K–H3O jarosite analog was determined from thermogravimetric analysis at various heating rates in air. A thermal decomposition mechanism was proposed based on X-ray analysis of partially decomposed material and distinct features observed during thermal decomposition analysis. The decomposition path is complex. The material was treated as a composite of K-jarosite, H3O-jarosite, and a “vacancy component”. The evolution of (OH)− and SO3 from these individual components was modeled. The decomposition is broken into subreactions according to distinct features in the thermoanalytical measurements. The subreactions are arranged sequentially and in parallel according to the evolution of the participating phases. A set of associated apparent activation energies was determined using isoconversion analysis. Kinetic triplets were assigned to each subreaction. A reasonable match with the observed decomposition was achieved by varying pre-exponential factors.
Tools for collecting volatile data: A survey study

Volatile information is a critical element when conducting a digital investigation. As a result, commercial and open source tools are becoming more varied in which options they offer to users. This paper compares six forensic tools including: FTK Imager, Pro Discover, Win32dd, Nigilant32, Memoryze, and Helix3 (dd). The evaluation of each forensic tool is based on the following capabilities: user interface, reporting, processing time, training, and leaving fingerprints or artifacts. We have observed that if time is the concern, command line forensic tools such as Win32dd and Memoryze are faster in acquiring physical memory contents than the graphical user interface tools such as FTK imager, ProDiscover, Nigilant32, and Helix3. In addition, Win32dd leaves the least fingerprints using 13.55 MB in memory when loaded. On the other hand, FKT Imager leaves the most fingerprints using 155 MB of RAM.
Main-beam efficiency measurements of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory

We report main beam efficiency measurements at 211-365 GHz of the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (OSO). These calculations are based on antenna temperature measurements of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Moon. We also present an analysis and review of the broadband millimeter and submillimeter continuum emission properties of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Moon. Through this analysis we establish a set of recommended main beam efficiencies for the facility receivers at the CSO.
Soldiers and marksmen under fire: monitoring performance with neural correlates of small arms fire localization.

Important decisions in the heat of battle occur rapidly and a key aptitude of a good combat soldier is the ability to determine whether he is under fire. This rapid decision requires the soldier to make a judgment in a fraction of a second, based on a barrage of multisensory cues coming from the auditory, tactile and visual domains. The present study uses an auditory oddball paradigm to examine listener ability to differentiate shooter locations from audio recordings of small arms fire. More importantly, we address the neural correlates involved in this rapid decision process by employing single-trial analysis of electroencephalography (EEG). In particular, we examine small arms expert listeners as they differentiate the sounds of small arms firing events recorded at different observer positions relative to a shooter. Using signal detection theory, we find clear neural signatures related to shooter firing angle by identifying the times of neural discrimination on a trial-to-trial basis. Similar to previous results in oddball experiments, we find common windows relative to the response and the stimulus when neural activity discriminates between target stimuli (forward fire: observer 0° to firing angle) vs. standards (off-axis fire: observer 90° to firing angle). We also find, using windows of maximum discrimination, that auditory target vs. standard discrimination yields neural sources in Brodmann Area 19 (BA 19), i.e., in the visual cortex. In summary, we show that single-trial analysis of EEG yields informative scalp distributions and source current localization of discriminating activity when the small arms experts discriminate between forward and off-axis fire observer positions. Furthermore, this perceptual decision implicates brain regions involved in visual processing, even though the task is purely auditory. Finally, we utilize these techniques to quantify the level of expertise in these subjects for the chosen task, having implications for human performan
Model-Driven Dashboards for Business Performance Reporting

Business performance modeling and model-driven business transformation are two research directions that are attracting much attention lately. In this study, we propose an approach for dashboard development that is model-driven and can be integrated with the business performance models. We adopt the business performance modeling framework, and we extend it in order to capture the reporting aspect of the business operation. We describe models that can effectively represent all the elements necessary for the business performance reporting process, and the interactions among them. We also demonstrate how all these models can be combined and automatically generate the final solution. Finally, we discuss our experience from the application of our technique in a real-world scenario. This case study shows that our technique can be efficiently applied to and handle changes in the underlying business models, delivering significant benefits in terms of both development time and flexibility.
Optimal control of selectivity of unimolecular reactions via an excited electronic state with designed lasers

A molecular system is steered on the ground electronic surface from the initial state to a desired target state at time T via an excited electronic state by using optimally designed coherent laser fields. A new algorithm based on the SU(2) algebra is developed to solve the time‐dependent Schrodinger equation for the systems involving two electronic states with time‐dependent Hamiltonians. For the design of optimal fields with restricted functional forms the rotating wave approximation is introduced for significantly reducing the computational effort. As a model of unimolecular reactions, a double‐well switching problem is studied. The objective is to move the system from one well to the other. It is found that the unrestricted optimal fields which successfully move the system from one well to the other at the target time T are complicated. The objective is achieved through the cooperative interaction between the system and the driving field. The optimal fields with restricted functional forms, such as a t...
Modeling diffusion in random heterogeneous media : Data-driven models, stochastic collocation and the variational multiscale method

In recent years, there has been intense interest in understanding various physical phenomena in random heterogeneous media. Any accurate description/simulation of a process in such media has to satisfactorily account for the twin issues of randomness as well as the multilength scale variations in the material properties. An accurate model of the material property variation in the system is an important prerequisite towards complete characterization of the system response. We propose a general methodology to construct a data-driven, reduced-order model to describe property variations in realistic heterogeneous media. This reduced-order model then serves as the input to the stochastic partial differential equation describing thermal diffusion through random heterogeneous media. A decoupled scheme is used to tackle the problems of stochasticity and multilength scale variations in properties. A sparse-grid collocation strategy is utilized to reduce the solution of the stochastic partial differential equation to a set of deterministic problems. A variational multiscale method with explicit subgrid modeling is used to solve these deterministic problems. An illustrative example using experimental data is provided to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Broadband, Isotropic, Photonic Electric-Field Meter For Measurements From 10 kHz To Above 1 GHz

An isotropic, photonic electric-field meter (PEFM-15) having 15 cm resistively tapered dipole elements and Pockels effect electro-optic modulators is used to measure electric fields of 10 to 100 V/m from 10 kHz to beyond 1 GHz. The probe's frequency response is flat within ±3 dB from 30 kHz to 100 MHz except for a region between 1 and 10 MHz where acoustic resonances occur in the LiNbO3 modulator crystals. For a 3 kHz detection bandwidth, the noise equivalent field is approximately 7 V/m, thereby giving a calculated linear dynamic range of 68 dB in field power density. The probe's isotropic response is flat within ±2 dB, and the response of each dipole closely follows the curve predicted by theory. An optical-beam switch that connects the individual dipoles to a laser source and optical receiver is also described.
Balancing SRPT prioritization vs opportunistic gain in wireless systems with flow dynamics

The problem of scheduling best effort flows from a dynamic population sharing a time varying wireless channel, with the objective of minimizing mean sojourn time is considered. The key tradeoff involved is between prioritizing flows with short residual sizes and maximizing opportunistic capacity gain by selecting flows that currently see good channels. This tradeoff is explicitly characterized by introducing a new queueing model that involves servers with state-dependent capacity regions. In the transient case and for (bounding) polymatroid capacity regions, the optimal scheduler is given and used to obtain sub-optimality bounds for various heuristics. Using a mix of analysis and simulation two regimes are described: one where fully exploiting opportunistic gain is sufficient and further using residual flow sizes for scheduling will result in only minimal reduction in mean sojourn time, and the other, where the use of this information can indeed offer significant reduction. A new scheduler is proposed which performs well in both regimes.
Advisory services for user composition tools

We have developed an ontology based framework that evaluates compatibility between processing modules within an end user development framework, using MIT Lincoln Laboratory's Composable Analytics environment [1] as a test case. In particular, we focus on inter-module semantic compatibility as well as compatibility between data and modules. Our framework includes a core ontology that provides an extendible vocabulary that can describe module attributes, module input and output requirements and preferences, and data characteristics that are pertinent to selecting appropriate modules in a given situation.
Oscillator strengths of ultraviolet Fe I lines from hook-method measurements on a furnace

The hook method, which makes use of anomalous dispersion, was employed to measure 107 absolute oscillator strengths of Fe I on a high-temperature furnace. The absolute scale was established before and after each run by recording the anomalous dispersion near a strong resonance line with accurately known f-value. The results cover three lines with wavelengths from 1934 to 1941 A, and 104 lines lying between 2084 and 3194 A - mostly transitions originating from the a 5 D ground state. The average error of the f-values is plus or minus 20%, and the largest and smallest errors given are plus or minus 10 and plus or minus 60%. Disagreements exceeding an order of magnitude are found with previous values in the literature.
Osmotic concentration of green beans prior to freezing

Osmotic dehydration as an intermediate step in freezing of vegetable tissue was studied. Green beans c.v. Bush Blue Lake-47 were osmotically concentrated in NaCl-water solutions at three concentrations (5, 10, and 17% NaCl by weight) and three temperatures (8, 20, and 40°C). Movement of salt and water was modeled for water loss from and salt uptake by the product. Green beans contacted with 10% NaCl-water solution at 20°C for 30 min were processed further by freezing in an air blast freezer. Evaluation of color, hardness, texture, taste and overall acceptability indicated the product was organoleptically acceptable.
Norepinephrine-epinephrine and serotonin content of nasal mucosa in relation to hemorrhage, reserpine and excitement.

Abstract The norepinephrine-epinephrine and serotonin contents of rabbit and dog nasal mucosa were determined by a fluorescent method. Norepinephrine-epinephrine levels (4 ug/gm) in the dog were reduced by hemorrhage. In rabbits, the normal level was lower (1.3 ug/gm) and was reduced by reserpine and 5–20 seconds of violent struggle. The serotonin level was reduced by treatment with reserpine. The dopamine content of nasal mucosa was below the detection limit of the method (0.2 ug/gm of wet tissue).
Phenitrone and marihuana induced hypothermia

Le phenitrone, souvent considere comme antagoniste specifique de la marihuana, n'a non seulement pas empeche la baisse de temperature corporelle cause par la tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), mais potentialise l'effet hypothermique de cette derniere. Il est possible que cette potentialisation est par suite du deplacement de la THC localisee dans les proteines plasmiques.
Towards optimal mental health of persons with Down syndrome

This paper outlines the risk of mental health disorders in adults with Down syndrome and considers the practical ways in which positive well-being can be promoted. It emphasises that prevention begins at birth and parents need to be alerted to positive child-rearing strategies from infancy.
BMP9 Crosstalk with the Hippo Pathway Regulates Endothelial Cell Matricellular and Chemokine Responses

Endoglin is a type III TGFβ auxiliary receptor that is upregulated in endothelial cells during angiogenesis and, when mutated in humans, results in the vascular disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Though endoglin has been implicated in cell adhesion, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we show endoglin expression in endothelial cells regulates subcellular localization of zyxin in focal adhesions in response to BMP9. RNA knockdown of endoglin resulted in mislocalization of zyxin and altered formation of focal adhesions. The mechanotransduction role of focal adhesions and their ability to transmit regulatory signals through binding of the extracellular matrix are altered by endoglin deficiency. BMP/TGFβ transcription factors, SMADs, and zyxin have recently been implicated in a newly emerging signaling cascade, the Hippo pathway. The Hippo transcription coactivator, YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1), has been suggested to play a crucial role in mechanotransduction and cell-cell contact. Identification of BMP9-dependent nuclear localization of YAP1 in response to endoglin expression suggests a mechanism of crosstalk between the two pathways. Suppression of endoglin and YAP1 alters BMP9-dependent expression of YAP1 target genes CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, CYR61) and CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) as well as the chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, MCP-1). These results suggest a coordinate effect of endoglin deficiency on cell matrix remodeling and local inflammatory responses. Identification of a direct link between the Hippo pathway and endoglin may reveal novel mechanisms in the etiology of HHT.
Oral metastasis of retinoblastoma.

Abstract Retinoblastoma is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor of the retina that occurs almost exclusively in young children. Extension into the cranium is the usual course in the progressive stage of this disease with occasional distant metastases. Two cases of oral metastasis are reported. The dentist should be alert for direct extension of the tumor into the maxilla as in Case 2 or for metastasis to the mandible, probably by the way of the conjunctival and eyelid lymphatics, as in Cases 1 and 2.
Functional aspects of song learning in songbirds

The oscine passerines, or 'songbirds', are one of the few animal taxa in which individuals learn their vocal signals. Recent comparative studies reveal a remarkable diversity of song-learning strategies in the songbirds. Here, we discuss recent studies that shed light on the possible functional basis of different song-learning programs. We argue that further insights into the evolution and ecology of song learning will require that comparative data and functional hypotheses be analyzed in a phylogenetic context, and we review recent studies that we feel might be the first steps in this process.
Metabolic Clearance Rates of Diiodotyrosine in Man

In order to define the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of diiodotyrosine (DIT) in normal subjects and to establish if there are alterations in clearance of DIT in patients with toxic Graves’ disease, MCR values of 125I-DIT were determined in eight normal subjects and five patients with thyrotoxicosis, utilizing a continuous infusion method. The MCR 125I-DIT in normal subjects was 77 ± 3 ml/min (± sd) and in thyrotoxic patients the MCR increased to 99.3 ± 8.7 ml/min (p < 0.05) and was not altered after thyroidal blockade with methimazole and a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI). When 500 mg of 6-propylthiouracil (6-PTU) was administered to three of the normal control subjects, a small, but not statistically significant, decrease in MCR was noted, indicating that 6-PTU does not significantly inhibit the DIT deiodinase systems. These studies suggest that previously reported estimates of metabolic clearance rates of DIT in normal patients are probably too high. In addition, there does not appear to ...
One-step conversion of alkoxytrimethylsilanes to alkyl benzenesulfonates

Abstract Direct conversion of alkoxytrimethylsilanes to alkyl benzenesulfonates was accomplished in one step by treatment with benzenesulfonyl fluoride and catalytic amounts of tetraethylammonium fluoride. The reaction proceeded best when the alkoxy group carried electron-withdrawing groups such as F or CN. Allyloxytrimethylsilane was smoothly converted to allyl benzenesulfonate. Unsubstituted alkyl groups gave lower conversions. The silyl derivative of acetone cyanohydrin gave no sulfonate, but that of 3-cyanocyclobutanone gave high conversion. An ionic chain mechanism was postulated for these reactions. The same conversions, but without a catalyst, could be accomplished by the benzenesulfonyl halides in general; however, these reactions involved prolonged heating.