cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Structural Guide to Proteins of the NF-κB Signaling Module

NF-κB is a master transcription factor that responds to diverse cell stimuli by activating the expression of stress response genes. Multiple signals, including cytokines, growth factors, engagement of the T-cell receptor, and bacterial and viral products, induce NF-κB transcriptional activity (Hayden and Ghosh 2008). A point of convergence for the myriad of NF-κB inducing signals is the IκB kinase complex (IKK). Active IKK in turn controls transcription factor NF-κB by regulating proteolysis of the IκB inhibitor protein (Fig. 1). This nexus of three factors, IKK, IκB, and NF-κB, forms the NF-κB signaling module—a molecular relay switch mechanism that is conserved across diverse species (Ghosh et al. 1998; Hoffmann et al. 2006). In this article, we introduce the human NF-κB, IκB, and IKK proteins, and discuss how they function from the perspective of their three-dimensional structures. Figure 1. The NF-κB signaling module. NF-κB exists in the cytoplasm of resting cells by virtue of its noncovalent association with an IκB inhibitor protein. The IκB kinase (IKK) responds to diverse stimuli by catalyzing the phosphorylation-dependent ...
Sharing FPGA SRAM tables among NPN equivalent LUTs

The analysis results of several LUT-level benchmarks indicate that a large percentage of the LUTs in a LUT-level circuit are NPN-equivalent. In this paper, we design a new logic block that allows sharing of SRAM tables and modify a packing algorithm to efficiently map equivalent functions into the same SRAM tables. By allowing only a certain percentage of the CLBs to share their SRAM tables, we could obtain similar routing results as with the original CLBs. When using NPN equivalence, one out of eight CLBs can allow their SRAM tables to be shared by equivalent LUTs without increasing channel width or FPGA dimensions
Effects of acid-base variables and the role of carbonic anhydrase on oxalate secretion by the mouse intestine in vitro

Hyperoxaluria is a major risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney stones and the intestine is recognized as an important extra-renal pathway for eliminating oxalate. The membrane-bound chloride/bicarbonate (Cl−/) exchangers are involved in the transcellular movement of oxalate, but little is understood about how they might be regulated. , CO2, and pH are established modulators of intestinal NaCl cotransport, involving Na+/H+ and Cl−/ exchange, but their influence on oxalate transport is unknown. Measuring 14C-oxalate and 36Cl fluxes across isolated, short-circuited segments of the mouse distal ileum and distal colon we examined the role of these acid-base variables and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in oxalate and Cl− transport. In standard buffer both segments performed net oxalate secretion (and Cl− absorption), but only the colon, and the secretory pathway were responsive to and CO2. Ethoxzolamide abolished net oxalate secretion by the distal colon, and when used in tandem with an impermeant CA inhibitor, signaled an intracellular CA isozyme was required for secretion. There was a clear dependence on as their removal eliminated secretion, while at 42 mmol/L was also decreased and eradicated. Independent of pH, raising Pco2 from 28 to 64 mmHg acutely stimulated net oxalate secretion 41%. In summary, oxalate secretion by the distal colon was dependent on , CA and specifically modulated by CO2, whereas the ileum was remarkably unresponsive. These findings highlight the distinct segmental heterogeneity along the intestine, providing new insights into the oxalate transport mechanism and how it might be regulated.
Multiple origins of endosymbiosis within the Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria): convergence of complex phylogenetic approaches.

Background The bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae gave rise to a variety of symbiotic forms, from the loosely associated commensals, often designated as secondary (S) symbionts, to obligate mutualists, called primary (P) symbionts. Determination of the evolutionary processes behind this phenomenon has long been hampered by the unreliability of phylogenetic reconstructions within this group of bacteria. The main reasons have been the absence of sufficient data, the highly derived nature of the symbiont genomes and lack of appropriate phylogenetic methods. Due to the extremely aberrant nature of their DNA, the symbiotic lineages within Enterobacteriaceae form long branches and tend to cluster as a monophyletic group. This state of phylogenetic uncertainty is now improving with an increasing number of complete bacterial genomes and development of new methods. In this study, we address the monophyly versus polyphyly of enterobacterial symbionts by exploring a multigene matrix within a complex phylogenetic framework.
Positive Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity Effect in Undoped, Atmospherically Reduced Barium Titanate

A sharp positive temperature coefficient of resistivity effect for undoped, fluorinated BaTiO3−x samples was observed. The qualitative agreement between the behavior of BaTiO3−x and La-doped BaTiO3, with respect to the trap density at the boundaries, suggests that in the absence of counterdopants such as Mn, the main origin of surface acceptor states is chemisorbed gases. Impedance analysis indicates that, under the conditions of the present work, fluorine seems not to diffuse in significant amounts into the lattice. The treatment of the fluorinated samples in inert/reducing atmospheres did not markedly decrease the resistivity jump, suggesting that fluorine might be chemisorbed more strongly than oxygen. The composition of two different liquid phases, produced by excess titania and silica additions, did not have an important effect on the resulting properties.
Spin coupling by the conduction electrons

Abstract An indirect spin-spin interaction via the intermediary of conduction electrons is investigated by the Green's functions method. The conduction electrons are considered as a gas of interacting electrons with an explicitly spin independent potential whose Fourier transform is a constant in momentum space. An asymptotic form of the spin-spin interaction for large distances is given for both a polarized and unpolarized electron gas. In the case of the polarized system the dependence on the distance has the same form as the Suhl-Nakamura spin-spin interaction via spin waves in ferromagnets. However, the behavior of the screening radius as a function of the magnetization is completely different and this interaction is more long range. In the unpolarized case our result in the limit of the non-interacting electron gas becomes the Ruderman-Kittel formula as it should be.
Endoparasites of the Dark-Sided Salamander, Eurycea longicauda melanopleura, and the Cave Salamander, Eurycea lucifuga (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Two Caves in Arkansas, U.S.A

Four new host records for endoparasites of the dark-sided salamander, Eurycea longicauda melanopleura, and 2 new host records for the cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga, from 2 cave systems in Independence County, Arkansas, U.S.A., are reported. Ten of 13 (77%) dark-sided salamanders harbored 1 or more of 4 parasite species, including 5 (38%) with Cepedietta michiganensis, 2 (15%) with Bothriocephalus rarus, 5 (38%) with Oswaldocruzia euryceae, and 1 (8%) with Cosmocercoides variabilis. All represent new host records. Two of 5 (40%) cave salamanders were infected, including 1 (20%) with C. michiganensis (new host record) and 1 (20%) with a dual infection of C. variabilis (new host record) and O. euryceae.
Causal contribution of primate auditory cortex to auditory perceptual decision-making

Auditory perceptual decisions are thought to be mediated by the ventral auditory pathway. However, the specific and causal contributions of different brain regions in this pathway, including the middle-lateral (ML) and anterolateral (AL) belt regions of the auditory cortex, to auditory decisions have not been fully identified. To identify these contributions, we recorded from and microstimulated ML and AL sites while monkeys decided whether an auditory stimulus contained more low-frequency or high-frequency tone bursts. Both ML and AL neural activity was modulated by the frequency content of the stimulus. But, only the responses of the most stimulus-sensitive AL neurons were systematically modulated by the monkeys' choices. Consistent with this observation, microstimulation of AL, but not ML, systematically biased the monkeys' behavior toward the choice associated with the preferred frequency of the stimulated site. Together, these findings suggest that AL directly and causally contributes sensory evidence to form this auditory decision.
Molecular Structure Controlled Transitions between Free-Charge Generation and Trap Formation in a Conjugated Copolymer Series

Rational design strategies for controlling the energetics of conjugated “donor–acceptor” copolymers are ubiquitous in the literature, as they allow for simple energy-level tuning strategies to be employed for photovoltaic and transistor applications. Utilizing the recently reported PTRn series of conjugated polymers closely related to the widely implemented material PTB7, we investigate the effect of local copolymer block energetics on the generation of transient excitonic and charge carrier species. It is clearly demonstrated that local copolymer block energetics play a much larger role than is apparent from simple energy-level tuning arguments, and drastically affect the ultrafast generation of free-charge carrier and trap state populations. Specifically, we observe an almost complete reversal in the efficient generation of free-charge in PTB7 to the ultrafast creation of a high percentage of trapped pseudo charge-transfer states. The implications of this secondary effect of “donor–acceptor” energy leve...
Corticosteroids in the management of laryngotracheobronchitis.

Chairman's Comments: A growing body of clinical evidence obtained in a scientific manner is supporting the efficacy of corticosteroids for initial treatment of viral croup. Donald B. Hawkins, MD, a member of the Committee on Drugs—Otolaryngology and a faculty member of the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Southern California, review the results of these studies in a scholarly manner.Dr Hawkins traces the development of the clinical experience with corticosteroids and clearly points out the differences between controls and treated patients in the respective studies. The Committee urges readers to review the articles and discuss the conclusions with their pediatric colleagues. The increased margin of safety afforded by the administration of corticosteroids to patients with laryngotracheobronchitis should be of interest to all physicians concerned with lowering the risk of airway obstruction in this common clinical disorder.
69 THE PRADER-WILLI CLINICAL SUBPHENOTYPE OF FRAGILE X SYNDROME.

Purpose The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) subphenotype of FXS demonstrates severe hyperphagia leading to obesity in addition to more severe behavioral problems with a higher rate of autism than what is typically seen in FXS without the PWS subphenotype. Recently, the FMR1 protein (FMRP) was found to bind to additional proteins including CYFIP1 and CYFIP2 in carrying out its role as a transporter and regulator of translation of mRNAs. With the discovery that CYFIP1 is localized to the region critical for PWS at 15q, the possibility of molecular dysfunction in CYFIP1 in this subphenotype has initiated a detailed study of the clinical subphenotype and comparisons to the known phenotype of PWS. We report our clinical experience with 12 new patients with the (PWS) subphenotype of FXS. Methods All patients were clinically evaluated to exclude the presence of other disorders. The ADOS, ADI-R, and/or SCQ were completed to assess for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The cognitive and adaptive ability of each patient was determined. The CGG repeat number, FMR1 mRNA level, and the percentage of FMRP were measured. Results All of the patients demonstrate severe hyperphagia beginning between 2 and 8 years. Fifty-four percent met criteria for autism based on the ADOS and/or ADI-R. There were lowered CYFIP expression levels in a subgroup of our sample. Conclusions The PWS subphenotype is associated with a higher rate of ASD. There appears to be a dysregulation in the CYFIP gene in most of the patients evaluated. The deficit in CYFIP expression does not appear to be related to the deletion of the region. Further evaluation of the CYFIP levels in this subphenotype may reveal abnormalities in gene regulation. Expression of CYFIP may be an important gene associated with autism and the PWS subphenotype.
Rectal Invasion by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Rectal invasion by benign prostatic hyperplasia occurred subsequent to an open transrectal biopsy of the prostate gland. Frequent transrectal resections of the prostate controlled this unusual lesion initially. However, massive intrarectal regrowth of this clinically malignant but histologically proved benign prostatic enlargement required eventual pelvic exenteration.
Universality of ionic temporal bifurcation in laser-ablated plumes

Pulsed excimer laser deposition is now recognized as an important technique for making in-situ superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films. The ionic content of the laser-ablated plume plays a crucial role in the quality of these films.1 The existence of a temporal bifurcation in the ionic content of the YBCO plume into a fast and a slow component has been reported.2,3 A distinct correlation between relative enhancement of the slow ionic component and the quality of the superconducting YBCO film has been revealed.4 For a multi-component target, such as YBCO, the possibility of species dependent bifurcation, such as the attribution of the slow component to the slow moving Ba+ ions, has been proposed.3
Irradiation of Food for Public Health Protection1

Irradiation of food has a long history and has potential for improving public health protection, yet the technology is still not being used commercially. Public acceptance of the process has been hindered by fear and controversy, which involved erroneous definition of radiation as a food additive followed by some ill-conceived and ill-interpreted research. In general, all research has indicated radiation to be bactericidal with various degrees of effectiveness, depending on the specific bacteria being studied. The gram-negative psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as other Enterobacteriaceae , are quite sensitive to radiation and these bacteria are of particular interest to those persons responsible for protecting the quality of fresh red meat. Bacteria resisting less than sterilization doses in irradiation processes have been studied. Acquired increased resistance of bacteria through exposure survival, and subsequent growth of pure cultures can be obtained only through special laboratory manipulations. None of the presently available data indicate bacteria surviving irradiation are of special public health significance.
Optimizing anaerobic soil disinfestation for fresh market tomato production: Nematode and weed control, yield, and fruit quality

Abstract Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) has potential as an alternative to chemical-fumigation for controlling soilborne pathogens and pests. Previously, control of nutsedge was sub-optimal and the quantity of inputs for commercial production was an impediment to adoption. Field studies were conducted in Citra and Immokalee, Florida to assess the effects of ASD with reduced amendments and inclusion of a pre-emergent herbicide on weed and nematode populations, tomato yield, and fruit quality. Pre-plant soil treatments included ASD with 6.9 m3 ha−1 of molasses and 11 Mg ha−1 of composted poultry litter (CPL) (ASD0.5), ASD with 13.9 m3 ha−1 of molasses and 22 Mg ha−1 of CPL (ASD1.0), and chemical soil fumigation using Pic-Clor 60 (CSF). Subplot treatments were halosulfuron-methyl (Sandea®) herbicide and no herbicide application. ASD0.5 reached high and equivalent accumulation of anaerobic conditions as ASD1.0 during the three-week soil treatment in both locations. Root galling and plant-parasitic nematode population at harvest in ASD treatments were similar in nematode suppression to CSF in both locations, while ASD1.0 resulted in higher non-parasitic nematode populations in soil compared to CSF in Citra. In Citra, ASD treatments did not differ from CSF in total marketable fruit yield; however, ASD0.5 resulted in higher total yield of extra-large fruit than CSF and ASD1.0. In Immokalee, no difference was observed in total marketable yield between ASD0.5 and CSF, whereas ASD1.0 produced 26.3% and 20.4% higher total marketable yield than that of CSF and ASD0.5, respectively. ASD treatments had no impact on fruit quality attributes including color, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, and dry matter content. Herbicide application improved nutsedge control and had no negative impact on the development of anaerobicity in ASD-treated plots, while total marketable yield and fruit quality were not impacted by herbicide treatment in either location. Despite some variations between the two locations, reduced application rates of CPL and molasses produced results similar to the full rates of amendment as well as the fumigation treatment. Overall, combining ASD with an herbicide had no negative impacts on crop production and resulted in improved weed control.
Book review: LOGIC PROGRAMMING AND ITS APPLICATIONS. edited by Michel van Caneghem and David H. D. Warren. Ablex Series in Artificial Intelligence (Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1986)

The book brings together eighteen refereed papers grouped into six areas:* languages and formalisms* implementation* tools* applications* natural language* future directions
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in the Setting of Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter Syndrome).

Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a rare finding in children, but heavily represented in pediatric patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. Diagnosis is a challenge due to lack of the stereotypical symptomatic complaints and relies on examination and objective nerve conduction studies. Methods We present a case of delayed presentation of CTS in a 12-year-old boy with Hunter syndrome, followed by a review of the literature. Results Patient Z.D. presented with minimal reported CTS symptoms but advanced median nerve damage on electromyography. He underwent bilateral carpal tunnel release with median nerve neurolysis and flexor tenosynovectomies. Intraoperative examination demonstrated the presence of a "waist sign" of the median nerve and moderate flexor tenosynovial hypertrophy bilaterally. Parents reported mild subjective improvement of dexterity and fine motor skills postoperatively. Conclusion To optimize functional outcome, routine screening for CTS and intervention at an early age are emphasized in the mucopolysaccharidoses population.
Corrosion resistance of precious metals for biomedical applications

Abstract: The corrosion resistance of precious metals for biomedical applications is examined. The basic principles of thermodynamics are used to explain whether or not corrosion is energetically feasible under specific electrochemical conditions. When corrosion is energetically favorable, the rate of corrosion is governed by electrochemical reaction kinetics, which is also considered. Furthermore, test methods that are applicable to the evaluation of precious metals for biomedical applications, including various standard test methods, are described along with test methods to evaluate resistance to tarnish. Finally, specific examples of the corrosion and tarnish-related behavior of precious metals used in biomedical applications are presented.
2'-amino-modified ribonucleotides as probes for local interactions within RNA.

Abstract The 2′-hydroxyl group plays an integral role in RNA structure and catalysis. This ubiquitous component of the RNA backbone can participate in multiple interactions essential for RNA function, such as hydrogen bonding and metal ion coordination, but the multifunctional nature of the 2′-hydroxyl renders identification of these interactions a significant challenge. By virtue of their versatile physicochemical properties, such as distinct metal coordination preferences, hydrogen bonding properties, and ability to be protonated, 2′-amino-2′-deoxyribonucleotides can serve as tools for probing local interactions involving 2′-hydroxyl groups within RNA. The 2′-amino group can also serve as a chemoselective site for covalent modification, permitting the introduction of probes for investigation of RNA structure and dynamics. In this chapter, we describe the use of 2′-aminonucleotides for investigation of local interactions within RNA, focusing on interactions involving 2′-hydroxyl groups required for RNA structure, function, and catalysis.
Tissue Microarrays: Construction and Utilization for Biomarker Studies

The capacity of information generated from the Human Genome Project has significantly impacted our understanding of disease pathogenesis (Subramanian et al., 2001; Venter et al., 2001). These data, in combination with advances in molecular biology techniques, including cDNA microarrays and proteomics, have facilitated the identification of numerous molecular biomarkers that have contributed to the field of cancer biology (DeRisi et al., 1996). While cDNA microarrays produce an enormous amount of data from gene expression profiling of normal and disease samples, the technique lacks in situ identification and validation of these diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers in a wide array of human tissue specimens. The need for this type of highthroughput evaluation led to the development of the tissue microarray (TMA). The first attempt at developing a technique to examine multiple tissue samples under identical conditions was described by Battifora (1986) as the ‘sausage’ block method. This procedure consisted of wrapping one hundred 1 mm thick “rods’ of tissue in a sheet of mammalian small intestine and embedding the resultant ‘sausage’ of tissues in a paraffin block (Battifora, 1986). This method was useful for testing antibodies because of its identical staining conditions and minimal required reagent; however, the inability to identify individual tissue limited the amount of significant data that could be utilized by the ‘sausage’ technique. A little over a decade later, the current TMA was developed by Kononen et al. (1998) with similar cost-effective principles as the ‘sausage’ block while also ensuring that individual tissues were easily identifiable. The resulting tissue microarray consists of hundreds of tissue core specimens arranged on an individual slide and assayed simultaneously for immunohistochemistry, in situ DNA, or RNA hybridization (Kononen et al., 1998). TMAs have proven beneficial by providing clinical validation 17 Tissue Microarrays: Construction and Utilization for Biomarker Studies
La idolatría letrada: un análisis comparativo de textos clandestinos rituales y devocionales en comunidades nahuas y zapotecas, 1613-1654

This essay proposes a comparative analysis of the production and circulation of ritual and devotional texts in some Nahua and Zapotec communities in 1613-1654, with an emphasis on three basic topics: the rapport between oral and written trans­mission o native ritual knowledge, the clandestine appropria­tion of Christian ritual and devotional texts by indigenous authors, and the clandestine circulation of native ritual texts. These topics will be approached through three case studies: 1) The reproduction of a Nahua oral genre by ritual specialists investigated by Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon in 1613-1629; 2) The production of Nahua devotional miscellaneous texts in the mid-seventeenth century, as shown by an unpublished manuscript from the National Library of France which contains an interpretation in Nahuatl of the zodiac signs, and 3) The cir­culation of divinatory texts in San Miguel Sola (Oaxaca) among Zapotec ritual specialists and their clients, according to idolatry proceedings conducted by Balsalobre and other priests in 1629-1657.
Theory of Probability

The traditional thought that probability theory has its origins in gambling and games of chance seems well established, although many of the general ideas can already be found in the Old Testament (e.g., Sheynin, 1974). According to Todhunter (1949), one can find reference to probabilities for different throws of the dice in contemporary comments on Dante’s Divine Comedy, and Cardano apparently had calculated numerical values of probabilities in the mid-sixteenth century (e.g., Wilks, 1961). It is generally conceded, however, that Pascal originated the first systematic studies of probabilities about a century later, at the instigation of the Chevalier de Mere, a reputed gambler. Several questions were posed to Pascal, and he corresponded at some length with Fermat regarding the solutions to these and related problems (e.g., Ore, 1960). From the beginning it is clear that the theory of probability was related to pragmatic matters of some importance to those concerned.
Toward an Ethical Reflective Practice of a Theory in the Flesh: Embodied Subjectivities in a Youth Participatory Action Research Mural Project.

The focus of this paper is to demonstrate how embodied subjectivities shape research experiences. Through an autoethnography of my involvement in a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) after-school program with low-income and working-class youth of Color from predominantly Latinx communities I examined my embodied subjectivities, via an ethical reflective practice, as these surfaced in the research context. Autoethnography is presented as a tool to facilitate an ethical reflective practice that aligns with heart-centered work. Drawing from an epistemology of a theory in the flesh (Anzaldua & Moraga, 1981), embodied subjectivities are defined by the lived experiences felt and expressed through the body, identities, and positionalities of the researcher. The article concludes with implications for the development of community psychology competencies that attend to the researcher's embodied subjectivities.
The Effect of Temperature and Nutrients Upon Spore Germination of the Oak Wilt Fungus

The optimum temperature for the germination of ascospores and endoconidia of E. fagacearum is within the range of 21° to 32° C; the maximum is between 33° and 36° C; and the minimum is below 3° C. ...
Examining the links between hydration knowledge, attitudes and behavior.

This study aimed to examine the psychological factors (knowledge, barriers and facilitators) that can contribute to hydration-related behaviors (i.e., fluid intake) in the general population and how these relate to physical health. A structured survey was developed to examine the links between hydration knowledge (29 items), attitudes about hydration (80 items), and fluid intake behavior (8 items) among US adults. Survey data from Phase 1 (n =301, US adults) psychometrically evaluated the items via item analysis (knowledge and fluid behavior) and factor analysis (attitudes). Phase 2 survey data (n =389, US adults and college students) refined and validated the new 16-item hydration knowledge measure, 4-item fluid intake behavior index, and 18-item attitude measure (barriers and facilitators of hydration-related behaviors) alongside indices of physical health (BMI and exercise behaviors). Participants had a moderate level of hydration knowledge (Phase 1: 10.91 ± 3.10; Phase 2: 10.87 ± 2.47). A five-factor measure of attitudes which assessed both facilitators (social pressure and attention to monitoring) and barriers (lack of effort, physical barriers and lack of a fluid container) to hydration demonstrated strong internal consistency (αs from 0.75 to 0.90). Attitudes about hydration—most notably barriers to hydration—were associated with indicators of health and with fluid intake behaviors, whereas hydration knowledge was not. Increasing hydration knowledge may be necessary for people who hold inaccurate information about hydration, but attitudes about hydration are likely to have a larger impact on fluid intake behaviors and health-related outcomes.
Towards An Implicit, In-Situ Training Protocol for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interfaces: a Feasibility Study

Making training more seamless is one of the main challenges for BCIs in order to become a modality for common interaction. We explore the integration of BCI training for tasks in a real environment. We propose two implicit training protocols. Firstly, the Fully Implicit Synchronous Training (FIST) protocol involves a passive observation of the control actions. Secondly, the gamified Wizard-of-Oz (WOzGT) protocol simulates executing commands in such a way as to make users believe they are at the origin of the execution. We describe and present an experiment in a smart home as a proof of concept. We compare the implicit protocols to the standard BCI training baseline (EST): FIST vs. WOzGT vs. EST in experiment controlling a smart home with Conceptual Imagery. FIST and EST have similar performance ($\sim 70$% accuracy, $\sim 1230$ms time to correct classification) and usability ($\sim 70$% percentile SUS). WOzGT leads to improved performance (+5.23%, -40ms) and usability (+5) compared to EST/FIST.
Penalized for Personality: A Case Study of Asian-Origin Disadvantage at the Point of Hire:

Do employers penalize Asian-origin workers for personality-related reasons during real hiring decisions? Current theoretical approaches—the Model Minority Myth perspective and the Heterogeneity app...
Book review of educational leadership as a culturally-constructed practice: new directions and possibilities

Effective school leadership is vital for student success, and second only to classroom teaching (Leithwood, Harris, and Hopkins 2008). Researchers have devoted significant attention to examining ho...
Experiences with Streamlining Formal Methods Tools

This paper discusses the use of formal methods in the context of multi-disciplinary teams. Success stories are presented based on experiences with industry and regulatory agencies. It will be shown that a pragmatic approach based on the use of prototypes driven by executable formal models represents an effective means to present the formal analysis effort to non-experts of formal methods.
Socioeconomic barriers to prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVE The study was designed to assess the impact of socioeconomic barriers on the rate of prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). METHODS This was a retrospective review of the Medicaid analytic extract (MAX) dataset, a national Medicaid administrative claims database with linked maternal-infant claims, from 2007 to 2012. Infants with CCHD were identified by searching for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 codes and Procedural Coding System (PCS) codes for CCHD within the first 6 months after the delivery date. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of maternal and socioeconomic factors on the prenatal diagnosis rate. RESULTS There were 4702 mother-infant dyads included in the analysis. The prenatal diagnosis rate of CCHD was 27.9%. Factors independently associated with odds of prenatal diagnosis of CCHD were presence of maternal diabetes (OR, 2.055; P < .001), ZIP code level median household income (OR, 1.005; P = .015), sonographer labor quotient (OR, 1.804; P = .047), the year of the delivery (OR, 1.155; P < .001), and needing a view other than a 4 chamber or outflow tract view to obtain the diagnosis (OR, 0.383; P < .001). CONCLUSION Maternal health, diabetes, socioeconomic factors, and access to sonographers impacts prenatal diagnosis of CCHD.
A note on the maximum size of Berge-C4-free hypergraphs

Abstract In this paper, we consider maximum possible value for the sum of cardinalities of hyperedges of a hypergraph without a Berge 4-cycle. We significantly improve the previous upper bound provided by Gerbner and Palmer. Furthermore, we provide a construction that slightly improves the previous lower bound.
Adsorbate-assisted migration of the metal atom in atomically dispersed catalysts: An ab initio molecular dynamics study.

We present a phenomenological study of dynamical evolution of the active site in atomically dispersed catalysts in the presence of reaction intermediates associated with CO oxidation and low-temperature water–gas shift reaction. Using picosecond ab initio molecular dynamics, we probe the initiation of adsorbate-induced diffusion of atomically dispersed platinum on rutile TiO2(110). NVT trajectories spanning 5 ps at 500 K reveal that the dynamical stability of the metal atom is governed by its local coordination to the support and adsorbate. Adsorbates that bind the strongest to Pt typically also lead to the fastest diffusion of the metal atom, and all adsorbates weaken Pt-support interactions, resulting in higher diffusion coefficients compared to bare Pt. We note, however, the absence of quantitative correlations between adsorption characteristics (Pt Bader charge, adsorbate binding energy) and ensemble-averaged quantities (diffusion coefficients). A recurring structural motif identified in several trajectories is a near-linear coordination between support oxygen, Pt, and specific adsorbates. These geometries, on account of enhanced metal support interactions, stabilize Pt and inhibit migration over picosecond timescales. We also identify hydrogen bonding events between the adsorbate and support for OH-containing groups. In the case of OH-bound Pt, for instance, we believe that short-lived H-bonds between OH and support promote Pt migration in the beginning of the NVT trajectory, while the subsequent formation of a near-linear geometry stabilizes the Pt atom despite the continued formation of short-lived hydrogen bonds. These observations are consistent with prior studies that report stabilization of isolated metal atoms in the presence of hydroxyl groups.
Joseph Conrad’s “Strange Air of Finality”: Negative Affect and the Politics of Fear in “The Tale”

Conrad’s “The Tale” is far removed from the sublime ideals of Felski’s postcritique. The story compels readers to reflect on how different types of literature may offer different modes of affect. “The Tale” works within the negative affect register and mediates experiences that may be more pronounced in times of trauma. Conrad shares the negative affect of dread by placing his commander in a position that feels rather like our own: as a critical, even paranoid, reader of his environment. I conclude by maintaining that if scholars are going to think about literature in a postcritical way, they must view the space that Conrad opens up as one in which fear and terror are presented as serious affect and a real, concrete condition of modernity.
Sealing from Iterability

We obtain sealing by forcing over a self-iterable model. The proof is fine-structure free and uses only basic ideas from iteration theory. We believe that such fine-structure free proofs will make the subject more accessible to the general set theoretic community.
Heart Rate Adjustment of Exercise ST Segment Depression: The ST/HR Index

Studies performed 20 years ago in Leeds, England and in Baltonfured, Hungary indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of the exercise ECG could be improved by relating the magnitude of ST segment depression to heart rate by linear regression during peak effort (1,2). Since that time, the value and limitations of heart adjustment of ST depression during treadmill testing and the methodologic factors governing test performance have been extensively explored (3, 4, 5, 6). These methods can increase the sensitivity of the exercise ECG for the detection of coronary obstruction in clinically relevant populations. Heart rate adjustment of ST depression can improve the value of the exercise test for the identification of anatomically and functionally extensive coronary disease. In addition, these methods can increase the predictive value of the cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic men and women. Therefore, heart rate adjustment of ST depression is a clinically useful approach to analysis of the exercise ECG. These are better axercise tests, but hardly perfect tests (7). Performance of these methods can vary widely in different populations, for different exrcise test purposes, and under different methodologic conditions (8,9).
Psychosomatic Approach and Health Services in the USA: A View from 1986

This presentation focuses on the influence of the psychosomatic movement upon research and the practice of psychiatry, and its relationship with other branches of medicine in the community. It will attempt to show that the psychosomatic approach has become a unifying force in psychiatric management, rehabilitation and prevention.
Pervasive Sensing and Computing

Pervasive Sensing and Computing (PSC) will penetrate many walks of human life transforming the way we instrument and control our surroundings. This talk will review recent technology developments in the area of integrated pervasive sensing and computing, and address research challenges ahead. Progress and trends in defense and commercial applications will be presented. The talk will cover recent advances in micro-sensor technology including hardware platforms, networking and collaborative computing methods, as well as middleware and PSC applications. Key accomplishments from related DARPA programs will be presented. Challenges in transforming sensor data to knowledge supporting decision making will be covered. Potential approaches to dramatically reduce device costs and form factor through chip-scale integration of processing, communications, and micro and nano-sensors (MEMS and NEMS) will be discussed. Algorithmic and software challenges for building high-functionality context-aware systems that are also robust, reliable, and secure will be presented. Potential directions in application of cognitive information processing techniques including machine reasoning and learning to achieve rapid adaptation (of PSC systems) to changes in contexts and environments will be discussed. The talk will also present applications, near and far-term, along with associated research challenges.
Progestins' actions in the VTA to facilitate lordosis involve dopamine-like type 1 and 2 receptors.

Abstract In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one (3α,5α-THP) facilitates lordosis. Whether this involves dopamine type 1 (D 1 ) or dopamine type 2 (D 2 ) receptors is of interest. Ovariectomized (ovx) rats with guide cannulae to the VTA were estradiol (E 2 ) primed and pretested for lordosis. Rats were then infused with the D 1 (Experiment 1) or D 2 (Experiment 2) antagonists or agonists (0, 100, or 200 ng) to the VTA and were retested. After a second infusion of 3α,5α-THP (0, 100, or 200 ng) or vehicle, rats were tested 10, 60, and 120 min later. In Experiment 3, rats were administered a progestin receptor antagonist, RU38486, systemically or to the VTA 1 h prior to vehicle, SKF38393 and/or 3α,5α-THP infusions. 3α,5α-THP infusions increased lordosis over that seen with E 2 priming. The D 1 antagonist, SCH23390, attenuated 3α,5α-THP, but not E 2 -facilitated lordosis. The D 1 agonist, SKF38393, augmented 3α,5α-THP, but not E 2 -facilitated lordosis. The D 2 antagonist, sulpiride, had no significant effects on lordosis. The D 2 agonist, quinpirole, prevented 3α,5α-THP-facilitated lordosis. RU38486 (subcutaneous) inhibited lordosis, whereas infusions to the VTA decreased lordosis produced by SKF38393 and 3α,5α-THP, but not 3α,5α-THP alone. Thus, 3α,5α-THP's actions in the VTA for lordosis may involve D 1 and/or D 2 receptors.
Effects of perceived novelty on approach-avoidance behavior of young children.

Sum?narjl.-20 pre-school children were individually exposed to a piece of novel climbing apparatus on two consecutive days. The time Ss took to make physical contact with the apparatus was recorded each day. Approach time was significantly less upon second exposure. Differences between sexes or age groups did not produce significantly differenc approach times either on initial or second approaches. The present study was designed to test the first stage of a more comprehensive theory of play behavior advanced by Linford and Jeanrenaud ( 1968 ) . The theory suggests that upon first encountering a novel play simation a child experiences an approach-avoidance conflict. If the child decides to approach, he then moves into a second, exploratory stage. McDougall (1908) suggested that instincts of approach and retreat were apt to be excited in animals and young children in rapid alternation. Berlyne (1950), too, felt that novelty excited both fear and curiosity and that animals often appear to waiver between the two. Primate studies (Hebb & Reisen, 1943; Welker, 1956) have demonstrated that younger animals were slower to approach strange persons than were older ones. Cautiousness and excessive defecation and urination have been observed in rats which were placed in an unfamiliar maze (Whiting & Mowrer, 1943). Hutt (1966) noted that the latency of approach time to a piece of novel play apparatus, by young children, was very much shorter if a passive familiar adult was present in the play room, as opposed to a situation where no adult was present. This study was designed to test the directional hypothesis that when preschool children encountered a piece of novel climbing apparatus they would take longer to approach it on first encounter than they wo~~ld on a subsequent encounter one day later. METHOD
Tropical Cyclone Forecasts Made with the FSU Global Spectral Model

Abstract The Florida State University Global Spectral Model forecast skill is calculated for several tropical systems in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins and is compared to operational forecast skill. The series of forecasts were initialized using global analyses and supplemental satellite data. Track forecast errors were calculated for the storm series for control runs, enhanced runs, and operational forecasts made for the same time periods. Cumulative results for all modeled 1995 hurricanes are summarized.
Maximum power extraction from a small wind turbine using 4-phase interleaved boost converter

This paper describes a 4-phase interleaved boost converter in a small wind turbine application. The boost converter is placed between the wind turbine and the load and is controlled to extract the maximum power from wind turbine. The boost converter duty ratio adjusted, based on the wind speed and rotor speed values, so that the wind turbine would be operated at the optimum tip speed ratio (TSR). A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based digital control system is adopted for converter control, with discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) control strategy, so that it is not necessary to actively balance the current on each phase. The modeling of the wind turbine system as well as power converter is studied by simulating analysis in MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the corresponding hardware is designed for validation. Both results show that the proposed system design has high energy conversion efficiency, with simple but reliable control strategy.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectra of Divalent Lanthanide Ions in Calcium Fluoride

The broad-band spectra of most of the divalent lanthanide ions in calcium fluoride were studied with circularly polarized light in magnetic fields at liquid-helium temperatures. Large field- and temperature-dependent anisotropies were found in the bands of ions having an odd number of electrons, all of whose states have Kramers degeneracy. A variety of effects are seen for ions having an even number of electrons, ranging from zero as in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$:${\mathrm{Er}}^{2+}$ to the large, complex effects in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$:${\mathrm{Dy}}^{2+}$. The magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) of both ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{2+}$ were also measured. The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) effects of the photochromic ions ${\mathrm{La}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{2+}$ are similar to each other and are only briefly described. This study is primarily concerned with the nonphotochromic ions, whose spectra are due to transitions between the opposite-parity configurations $4{f}^{n}$ and $4{f}^{n\ensuremath{-}1}5d$. These ions all have the ground configuration $4{f}^{n}$. The magnetic dichroism effects are discussed in terms of the symmetry properties of the lanthanide ion. The large magneto-optic effects are the result of large spin-orbit coupling and predominantly totally symmetric vibronic coupling. Since the MCD and MLD effects are large throughout entire bands, they may be conveniently used in a variety of optical pumping experiments and may serve to detect changes in level populations.
On Efficient Utilization of Training Pilots for Linear Equalization of QAM Transmissions

Conventional approaches to linear equalization of data transmissions under frequency selective channels simply treat the problem as a system identification issue. However, practical data communication systems impose additional conditions on the channel input signals such as LDPC error correction coding and known data constellation. We study a unified framework to integrate these known constraints into the channel equalization procedure and propose a linear programming-based approach to channel equalization for QAM signals that can succeed with significantly reduced pilots. In addition to utilizing the information of QAM constellation, our method exploits the code information of LDPC forward error correction coding to improve the equalization performance and convergence properties.
Application of cycling zone separation to preparative high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract Cycling zone separation techniques are applied to standard high-pressure liquid chromatography equipment to develop a new preparative separation technique. Results are presented for the continuous removal of glycyl- l -phenylalanine and glycyl- l -tyrosine from water using dichloroacetic acid to force the separation. The effect of operating conditions, comparison with elution chromatography and preparative applications are discussed.
Comparison of blood and alveolar gas composition during rebreathing in the dog lung.

Abstract In each often dogs, one lung was connected to a rubber bag and made to rebreathe while the other lung was allowed to breathe freely. Blood samples were taken from a pulmonary vein of the rebreathing lung and from the pulmonary artery, and gas samples were taken from the rebreathing bag. pco2 and PO2 of the gas phase were higher than the corresponding partial pressures in either blood sample. pCO2 of pulmonary venous blood was higher than that of pulmonary arterial blood, but there was no significant difference between the values for PO2 of the two samples. Pulmonary venous blood had a slightly lower pH than pulmonary arterial blood. Plasma bicarbonate tended to be higher in pulmonary venous blood than in pulmonary arterial blood, but the difference was not statistically significant. Over a period of two hour plasma bicarbonate decreased slightly, and negative base excess increased by a similar magnitude. These experiments confirm but do not explain the results of other investigators in demonstrating the presence of positive gradients for CO2 between gas and blood phases during rebreathing.