cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MEKK1 phosphorylates MEK1 and MEK2 but does not cause activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Abstract A constitutively active fragment of rat MEK kinase 1 (MEKK1) consisting of only its catalytic domain (MEKK-C) expressed in bacteria quantitatively activates recombinant mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1 and MEK2) in vitro. Activation of MEK1 by MEKK-C is accompanied by phosphorylation of S218 and S222, which are also phosphorylated by the protein kinases c-Mos and Raf-1. MEKK1 has been implicated in regulation of a parallel but distinct cascade that leads to phosphorylation of N-terminal sites on c-Jun; thus, its role in the MAP kinase pathway has been questioned. However, in addition to its capacity to phosphorylate MEK1 in vitro, MEKK-C interacts with MEK1 in the two-hybrid system, and expression of mouse MEKK1 or MEKK-C in mammalian cells causes constitutive activation of both MEK1 and MEK2. Neither cotransfected nor endogenous ERK2 is highly activated by MEKK1 compared to its stimulation by epidermal growth factor in spite of significant activation of endogenous MEK. Thus, other as yet undefined mechanisms may be involved in determining information flow through the MAP kinase and related pathways.
Ion and Water Transport in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney of Necturus maculosus

The nature of the transport of ions and water in the proximal tubule of the kidney has been a subject of extraordinary interest for a long time. In the mammalian kidney, 80 per cent of the fluid filtered in the glomerulus is absorbed by the proximal tubules. It was shown many years ago by Walker, Richards, and colleagues, for the amphibian (1) and mammalian kidneys (2), that under normal conditions, the fluid absorbed by the proximal tubule was isosmotic to the plasma, and that it was essentially of the same composition as the glomerular filtrate. Two possibilities were then considered to explain the mechanism of the absorption in the proximal tubule: (a) the primary step is an absorption of solutes, with water following passively, or (b) the colloid osmotic pressure exerted by the proteins circulating in the peritubular capillaries is sufficient to produce direct water absorption, the solutes following. Wesson and Anslow (3) in experiments in dogs showed that in osmotic diuresis, Na and G1 were both absorbed against a chemical gradient and suggested the active nature of the Na transport; however, their conclusion was based on the assumption of a negligible effect of the distal tubule under their experimental conditions. That assumption has been subjected to criticism. They also did not consider electrical potential gradients. The concepts of active transport have evolved from early suggestions of dependence of transport on metabolism. This, however, is not a sufficient definition. Two generally acceptable definitions of an active transport process will be considered. Rosenberg (4) has defined as active transport any transport which takes place against an electrochemical potential gradient. Ussing (5) has defined active transport as movement of a substance that cannot be explained by simple diffusion. This definition is more general than the one given by Rosenberg, but is difficult to apply in practice for it requires a knowledge of the rate at which the substance in question crosses the membrane by simple diffusion. Equation 1 (5) describes the flux of an ion moving independently across a membrane, in the absence of temperature gradient,
Effect of neonatal thymectomy on the development of ozone tolerance in mice.

Abstract Male white Swiss mice, thymectomized at birth, were unable to develop tolerance to ozone when pre-exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.3 and 5.0 ppm of ozone for one hour. On the other hand, tolerance was readily induced in sham-operated animals. Thus the thymus appears to be necessary during maturation for the development of tolerance to ozone. No statistical difference in mortality was shown between mice pre-exposed to 0.1 ppm of ozone and those not so pre-exposed, despite the fact that a larger number of pre-exposed animals survived compared to those not pre-exposed.
The development and structure of nocturnal slope winds in a simple valley

The results of an observational and modeling study of the nocturnal slope winds in a simple valley are presented. The valley was approximately 225 m deep in the region of the measurements, and featured a uniform slope angle of approximately 23 ° on one of its sidewalls. The wind and temperature structure of the katabatic flows on the valley sidewalls were measured with tower-mounted instruments, and a Doppler sodar and instruments on a tethered balloon and a 61-m tower were used to determine the atmospheric conditions near the center of the valley. The temperature structure of the slope flows was summarized by characteristic scale parameters h and δT for the inversion depth and strength, respectively. On the sidewalls 50 m above the valley floor, the inversion depths were generally smaller and the inversion strengths were weaker than they were on the sidewalls 100 m higher. These results differ significantly from those obtained over a simple slope of an isolated mountain or ridge. The down-valley winds are shown to be important in limiting the strength of the sidewall inversions. The formation of an inversion in the valley also has a pronounced effect on the structure of the slope flows. Numerical simulations suggest that the presence of adiabatic layers in the valley atmosphere is associated with decreases in the slope-flow inversion depth with increasing downslope distance. The simulations also indicate that the length scales that characterize the momentum and inversion depths behave similarly in flows down simple slopes but not in flows down the sidewalls of a valley.
Induction of microsomal oxidases by host plants in the fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)

Abstract Larvae of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)) were maintained on a semidefined artificial diet until the end of the fifth instar and the newly molted sixth-instar larvae were then fed fresh leaves of various host plants for 2 days prior to microsomal oxidase assays. The order of the midgut aldrin epoxidase activity of larvae after feeding on these plants was: corn > Bermuda grass > cotton > cowpeas > cabbage > peanuts > sorghum > alfalfa > millet > soybean. The ratios of aldrin epoxidase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, and p-chloro-N-methylaniline N-demethylase activities for soybean- and corn-fed larvae were 4.5, 6.3, and 2.7-fold, respectively. The induction was affected by the age and developmental stage of the corn plant with mature leaves from old plants being more active. Higher epoxidase activities were also observed in mature larvae reared on corn plants since egg stage as compared with those on soybean plants. Monoterpenes such as α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, menthol, and peppermint oil were found to induce the midgut epoxidase activity. Corn-fed larvae were more tolerant of the insecticides methomyl, acephate, methamidophos, diazinon, trichlorfon, monocrotophos, permethrin, and cypermethrin than soybean-fed larvae.
Mu and IS1 Transpositions Exhibit Strong Orientation Bias at the Escherichia coli bgl Locus

The region upstream of the Escherichia coli bgl operon is an insertion hot spot for several transposons. Elements as distantly related as Tn1, Tn5, and phage Mu home in on this location. To see what characteristics result in a high-affinity site for transposition, we compared in vivo and in vitro Mu transposition patterns near the bgl promoter. In vivo, Mu insertions were focused in two narrow zones of DNA near bgl, and both zones exhibited a striking orientation bias. Five hot spots upstream of the bgl cyclic AMP binding protein (CAP) binding site had Mu insertions exclusively with the phage oriented left to right relative to the direction of bgl transcription. One hot spot within the CAP binding domain had the opposite (right-to-left) orientation of phage insertion. The DNA segment lying between these two Mu hot-spot clusters is extremely A/T rich (80%) and is an efficient target for insertion sequences during stationary phase. IS1 insertions that activate the bgl operon resulted in a decrease in Mu insertions near the CAP binding site. Mu transposition in vitro differed significantly from the in vivo transposition pattern, having a new hot-spot cluster at the border of the A/T-rich segment. Transposon hot-spot behavior and orientation bias may relate to an asymmetry of transposon DNA-protein complexes and to interactions with proteins that produce transcriptionally silenced chromatin.
Structure and organization of the genes encoding mouse small proline-rich proteins, mSPRR1A and 1B

Two genomic clones comprising the entire coding sequence of mouse SPRR1A and 1B genes were isolated and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the 1A and 1B genomic clones indicated that both genes contain two exons separated by an intron slightly larger than 1.1kb in size (1147 and 1152nt, respectively). This type of genomic structure is identical to the counterpart of human SPRR1 gene and other genes encoding for cornified envelope proteins. Primer extension analysis using 1A and 1B gene-specific primers indicates that 1A gene is expressed in squamous tissues such as skin and esophagus, whereas 1B gene is expressed in papilloma tumors but not in squamous tissues. The first 300nt of 5'-flanking region of the mouse SPRR 1A and 1B genes reveal an overall approximately 50% identity to the human counterpart. However, there is a high degree of identity (?75%) at the promoter region containing a TATA box and TRE/TRE-like motifs. Both TATA and TRE/TRE-like motifs are almost identical in sequence and positions to those found in the counterpart of human promoter. Using transient transfection for the analysis of promoter activity, we observed that both 1A and 1B 5'-flanking regions contain the promoter activity to direct the expression of the reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, in airway epithelial cells in a fashion similar to that observed in the human counterpart. These results indicate a conserved nature of genetic structure and regulation of SPRR1 gene expression between human and mouse.
Information and gravitation

An information-theoretic approach is shown to derive both the classical weak-field equations and the quantum phenomenon of metric fluctuation within the Planck length. A key result is that the weak-field metric $$\bar h_{\mu \nu } $$ is proportional to a probability amplitude φuv, on quantum fluctuations in four-position. Also derived is the correct form for the Planck quantum length, and the prediction that the cosmological constant is zero. The overall approach utilizes the concept of the Fisher information I acquired in a measurement of the weak-field metric. An associated physical information K is defined as K=I−J, where J is the information that is intrinsic to the physics (stress-energy tensor Tμv) of the measurement scenario. A posited conservation of information change δI=ΔJ implies a variational principle δK=0. The solution is the weak-field equations in the metric $$\bar h_{\mu \nu } $$ and associated equations in the probability amplitudes φuv. The gauge condition φ v uv =0 (Lorentz condition) and conservation of energy and momentum Tv μv=0 are used. A well-known “bootstrapping” argument allows the weak-field assumption to be lifted, resulting in the usual Einstein field equations. A special solution of these is well known to be the geodesic equations of motion of a particle. Thus, the information approach derives the classical field equations and equations of motion, as well as the quantum nature of the probability amplitudes φuv.
In vitro evaluation of the Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 for Hepatoblastoma

Purpose Hepatoblastoma (HB) has a poor prognosis in advanced stages. The aim of this study was to enhance effectiveness of chemotherapy with antineoplastic kinase inhibitors.
Congenital diffuse necrotizing herpetic retinitis

NeonatalHerpes simplex infections are usually contracted from the birth canal, and the systemic lesions develop several days to weeks after delivery. We present the clinicopathologic findings in a newborn with a prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus who died at 1 day of age. Severe liquefaction necrosis and foci of calcification were present in the brain, adrenal glands, and retina. Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions were present in the adrenal glands and retina. There was no clinical evidence of genital herpes in either parent. This is the first documented case of in utero transmission ofHerpes simplex infection, confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction, and causing fulminant necrotizing retinitis and encephalitis.
High tolerance to tributyltin in embryos and larvae of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus

The effects of acute and chronic exposure to tributyltin (TBT) were examined in bioassays using horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) embryos and “trilobite” larvae. Larvae had>95% survival after 24-h exposure to nominal concentrations of 1–500 μg l−1 TBT. Survival was also high following 48-h and 72-h exposure to ≤100 μg l−1 TBT; >50% mortality was seen only after 48-h and 72-h exposure to 500 μg l−1 TBT. Estimated median lethal concentrations (LC50) were >1000 μg l−1, 742 μg l−1, and 594 μg l−1 for 24-h, 48-h, and 72-h exposure, respectively. Much higher toxicity LC50=42 μg l−1) was seen following chronic exposure of larvae to TBT. Acute exposure to TBT significantly increased the time required by larvae to molt into the first-tailed stage. LC50 for horseshoe crab embryos exposed to TBT were 44 μg l−1, 20 μg l−1, and 14 μg l−1 for 24, 48, and 72 h acute exposure, indicating that this earlier developmental stage was about 30–40 fold more susceptible to TBT than larvae. Horseshoe crabs are highly tolerant of TBT in comparison to early developmental stages of other marine arthropods. The ability of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae to survive in the presence of organotin pollution suggests the possibility of bioaccumulation and movement into the estuarine food chain via shorebirds, gulls, and fish.
Gastric cyst of the mediastinum: A distinct clinicopathological entity

Gastric cysts of the mediastinum produce a distinct clinicopathological picture. The functional activity of the lining gastric mucosa causes numerous complications, which may suggest the diagnosis during the first year of life. The complications, which may be fatal, include draining sinuses in the chest wall and neck, erosion of upper thoracic vertebral bodies, and perforation and communication with the esophagus, tracheobronchial tree, or pulmonary parenchyma. Prompt surgical treatment is curative. Two cases, one of which was fatal, are reported here. The embryogenesis of the gastric cyst and its place in the group of cystic lesions derived from the foregut are defined.
Estimator design for a subsonic rocket car (soft landing) based on state-dependent delay measurement

We design an estimator for the position of a rocket car. The scheme is based on a novel idea of delay measurements in a realistic scenario. Ultrasonic sensors are used to give the measurement of the delay. The delay depends implicitly on the state of the system. This gives rise to a time delay system with a state-dependent delay which is a challenging research avenue. The central theme is to use inversion of the delay model and to extract the state vector given the delay. The overall system is nonlinear because of the state-dependent delay. We design an asymptotic observer for estimating the position of the system using delay information. We call or refer to this new technique as Delay Injection. We show that the error dynamics involve a time-varying delay instead of a state-dependent delay and this makes the problem tractable. A brief outline of the nonlinear observation for the autonomous system is also given. Though rocket car is a particular motivating example, the approach presented in this article can be used for the on-line estimation of states of generic systems from state-dependent delays affecting the system dynamics. Simulation results are given at the end which demonstrate the effectiveness, validity and usefulness of the proposed scheme.
β-Catenin stimulates pituitary stem cells to form aggressive tumors

Pituitary adenomas are common in older people, representing approximately 10% of intracranial neoplasias (1). They tend to be slow-growing, and are usually benign, but they can compress the brain and optic chiasm and cause abnormalities in pituitary hormone production. A fraction of pituitary adenomas become invasive and are resistant to treatment with surgery, radiation, and pharmacotherapy. Progress is being made in identification of genes that enhance the risk of pituitary adenoma formation, but the etiology of many adenomas remains unexplained (1, 2). Common adenomas are sporadic and clonal in origin. Craniopharyngiomas differ from most sporadic pituitary adenomas in that they occur in children, tend to be resistant to treatment, and cause significant morbidity. Histopathology analyses suggested that craniopharyngiomas arise from embryonic pituitary tissue and implicated β-catenin as a marker. In PNAS, Gaston-Massuet and colleagues provide proof that craniopharyngiomas arise from activation of β-catenin in pituitary progenitors during embryogenesis (3). Their elegant studies in patient tumor samples and genetically engineered mice lend support to the cancer stem cell hypothesis. They also provide insight into the basic nature of pituitary progenitors, the stem cell niche, and normal regulation of the transition from self-renewal to differentiation. Now the pituitary gland joins a collection of other tissues in which β-catenin signaling can affect this critical decision point (4).
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TITRATIONS OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN AND REDUCED CARBOXYMETHYLATED ALBUMIN.

The tyrosyl groups of reduced and carboxymethylated human serum albumin, in which all disulfide bonds are broken, ionize at lower pH than those of native albumin, in spite of the greater negative charge on the protein produced by the S-carboxy-methyl groups. The heat and entropy of ionization of these groups in the reduced albumin are also "normal," in contrast to native albumin. Spectro-photometric titrations at 244 and 295 mµ give equivalent results. The more open structure of the reduced albumin, as compared with the native protein, presumably allows the tyrosine groups to come freely into contact with solvent. In acid solutions the heights of the two peaks at 236 and 287 mµ in the difference spectrum (albumin at pH 7 against albumin at a lower pH) are strictly proportional over the whole course of the titration. Both peaks apparently arise from changes in the environment of tyrosyl residues, rather than from more general conformational changes.
Kinetics of liquid phase photocatalyzed reactions: An illuminating approach.

Analysis of photocatalyst kinetics to date have relied largely on Langmuir−Hinshelwood rate forms, which assume equilibrated adsorption of reactants and, correspondingly, a slow, rate-controlling s...
Free Energy Difference Calculations on Thermodynamic Model of Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor Activation

We have developed a thermodynamic model that describes the full agonist activation of the β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. The activation mechanism of Rhodopsin is well understood, for other class A GPCRs the process is not as well resolved. Rhodopsin combines conformational change with proton uptake by two internal proton switches to achieve a stable active conformation. There is evidence to suggest that the β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors use a similar process. It has been demonstrated that the β2 adrenergic receptor activity increases at acidic pH, the result of Asp134 protonation. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that deprotonation of Asp79 results in disruption of the ionic lock. Our hypothesis is that a proton transfer from Asp79 to an unknown proton acceptor facilitates the transition from inactive to the intermediate state in our model. This is followed by a conformational change that results in the protonation of Asp134, a transition that stabilizes active state. We tested our hypothesis by performing free energy difference (ΔΔG) calculations from a set of Molecular Dynamics simulations of the β1 and β2 receptors with these Aspartic acid residues occupying different ionization states. These calculations test whether transitions in ionization states of these residues provide favorable energy for activation.
Imaging the Pituitary and Parasellar Region

Magnetic resonance imaging is the fundamental imaging tool for the evaluation of tumors and other lesions of the pituitary gland and infundibulum. Abnormalities may arise within the pituitary itself, from vestigial embryologic remnants, or from surrounding tissues. Correct diagnosis rests on accurate assessment of lesion location, imaging appearance, and clinical presentation. This article reviews the radiologic evaluation of lesions within the sella and suprasellar cistern, focusing on common masses and pseudomasses of the pituitary and sellar region that neurosurgeons are most likely to encounter in clinical practice.
Annealing of lead zirconate titanate (65/35) thin films for ultra large scale integration storage dielectric applications: phase transformation and electrical characteristics

Thin film capacitors of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT, 400 nm) of Zr/Ti ratio 65/35, deposited by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering, with low leakage current and high charge storge density(’Qc) for use as capacitor dielectrics in ultra-large scale integration dynamic random access memory (ULSI DRAM) cells have been fabricated and studied. The equivalent SiO2 thickness for the optimized film is 5.3a for the fresh film and 9.1a after 1010 unipolar stress cycles (0 to -3 V). The leakage current density is 1.32 × 10-7A/cm2 for 3 V operation which is equivalent to an effective SiO2 field of 55 MV/ cm. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that as-deposited films (Tdep. = 200‡ C) contain no detectable perovskite phase. Post-deposition annealing is therefore essential, and critical to the fabrication of high quality capacitors for memory applications. The pyrochlore-to-perovskite phase transformation, the evolution of the microstructure, composition and the presence of different phases in the film have been studied as a function of annealing conditions. There is a purely outward radial growth of the interphase boundary, resulting in the increase in the curved surface area of the cylindrical perovskite aggregates throughout the film thickness with increasing thermal budget. The increase in perovskite phase content with annealing time at a constant annealing temperature indicates that a diffusional phase transformation from the pyrochlore to cubic perovskite phase above the Curie temperature occurs as a first step in the formation of the ferroelectric perovskite phase. The variation of two important dielectric properties, charge storage density and leakage current density is reported as a function of the annealing time and temperature. Furthermore, the variation of the charge storage density due to unipolar dynamic electrical stress is studied. The total area under the large-frequency C-V curve (which is the total reversible polarization) increases under unipolar dynamic stress (0 to -3 V) after 1010 stress cycles. The degradation in charge storage density is found to be primarily due to an increase in remanent polarization caused by the shift in the hysteresis loop as a result of the reduction in the internal bias field under the influence of the unipolar dynamic stress.
Power and sample size calculations for evaluating mediation effects in longitudinal studies

Current methods of power and sample size calculations for the design of longitudinal studies to evaluate mediation effects are mostly based on simulation studies and do not provide closed-form formulae. A further challenge due to the longitudinal study design is the consideration of missing data, which almost always occur in longitudinal studies due to staggered entry or drop out. In this article, we consider the product of coefficients as a measure for the longitudinal mediation effect and evaluate three methods for testing the hypothesis on the longitudinal mediation effect: the joint significant test, the normal approximation and the test of b methods. Formulae for power and sample size calculations are provided under each method while taking into account missing data. Performance of the three methods under limited sample size are examined using simulation studies. An example from the Einstein aging study is provided to illustrate the methods.
Autonomic nerves in experimental allergic neuritis in the rat.

After experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) was induced in 16 male Lewis rats with bovine peripheral myelin and adjuvants, peripheral nerves were examined morphologically at intervals of 12–21 days post inoculation (dpi). Signs of motor involvement were present in ten rats and were first elicited 12 dpi. They ranged from tail droop to complete lower limb paralysis. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) involvement was studied by contrasting morphological findings in the cervical sympathetic nerves (CSN), which are poorly myelinated and vagal nerves (VN) which contain numerous myelinated fibers in the endoneurium. Edema, perivenular infiltrates, and demyelination appeared in the VN of seven of nine neurologically affected rats, while the CSN showed edema and infiltrates in only one rat. ELISA assays were negative for anti-galactocerebroside antibody, and electron microscopy failed to show abnormalities of Schwann cells.
TRITIUM TRANSFER DURING BIOSYNTHESIS OF CADALENE STRESS COMPOUNDS IN COTTON

Abstract Chemical degradation of 2,7-dihydroxycadalene and 2-hydroxy-7-methoxycadalene biosynthesized in cotton cotyledons from a mixture of [2- 14 C]mevalonolactone and [5- 3 H]mevalonolactone has revealed that formation of each of these cadalene sesquiterpenoids involves a hydrogen transfer to the methine carbon of the isopropyl side chain. The transfer may occur as a 1,3-hydride shift following cyclization of the farnesyl precursor to a 10-membered ring cation.
A clustering based scalable hybrid approach for web page recommendation

The distribution of the number of items liked by users plays an important role in designing recommender systems. In case of implicit feedback we rarely get some clicking events compared to large item based e-commerce sites, where preference information is not so rare. In this paper we present a novel hybrid recommendation system based on clustering of items using co-occurrence information of pages and content information of pages. These two different types of clusters are used in a parametric form to get aggregated recommendations based on the available preference information of users. Our experimental results on Yahoo! Front Page “Today Module User Click Log” dataset show that the content based clusters plays an important role for users having very less preference information and also the clustering based hybrid approach gives better overall performance compared to other approaches. More-over, clustering of items gives a scalable implementation which minimizes the computational complexity.
Antagonism of Female Sexual Behavior with Intracerebral Implants of Antiprogestin RU 38486: Correlation with Binding to Neural Progestin Receptors

The steroidal antiprogestin 17β-hydroxyl-11β-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17α-(1-propynl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one (RU 38486) was administered systemically or was implanted into the ventromedial hypothalamus and other brain regions (habenula, preoptic area, interpeduncular region, in order to determine whether the compound could antagonize progesterone (P) activation of estrous responsiveness and whether the compound would exert its behavioral effects at the presumed site of P action and/or at other neural sites implicated in the regulation of female sexual behavior. RU 38486 (5 mg) administered sc 1 h before 200 μg P inhibited P facilitation of lordosis behavior in estrogen-primed rats. Intracerebral application of RU 38486 to the ventromedial hypothalamus reduced lordosis responses in 14 of the 25 animals tested. Similar implants in the habenula also inhibited lordosis in 5 of the 14 animals tested. Antiprogestin implants in the interpeduncular region and preoptic area were virtually without effect (1 of 7 inhibi...
Gas turbine optimum arrangement for process plants

The optimum configuration for gas turbine package regarding design, reliability, safety, commercial condition, and performance is addressed. The main concern is finding the solution to obtain optimum fuel consumption, low emission, and reasonable reliability. Gas turbine degradation is outlined to offer optimum condition monitoring practice. Recommendations regarding gas turbine components, arrangement, auxiliaries, performance test, and proper maintenance are also presented to cover both mechanical drive and power generation applications in process units.
Editorial: Adding Media Reviews to Sex Roles

I have recently appointed Maureen C. McHugh to serve asMedia Review Editor for Sex Roles. The Internet, and themedia more broadly, are a central part of our lives today. Iwas pleased that Maureen was willing to take on thisimportant task. As she explains below, the media have beenof great interest to her for many years. She has someexciting ideas about how we can use this new section.This new section begins with this issue. Under Maureen’snew editorship, the media review included in this issue is areview of the film Straightlaced: How Gender’s Got Us AllTied Up , a Debra Chasnoff documentary (DeRose andComposto 2011).As Dr. McHugh explains:Allow me to introduce myself and the section. I am a socialpsychologist with a commitment to teaching, and strongpersonal interestin popular culture.Havingtaught over 3,000womeninthePsychologyofWomen,thecourseIteachtodayis different in content, topics covered, texts and resourcesused,andinpedagogyfromthePsychologyofWomencoursethat Irene and I team-taught in 1975. When we startedteaching there were no published textbooks and very fewarticles relatingtogenderor towomen’sissues(Unger2010).This also predates the first issues of Sex Roles published in1975 (Frieze and Dittrich 2009). The articles we used inclass were mimeographed in a garage and distributed byKNOW, a division of the National Organization of Women(NOW). (This publisher no longer operates). Now it isdefinitely more difficult to keep up with the texts andresources available. Hopefully the media reviews offeredhere will help all of us keep up.One way to remain current and to engage contemporarystudents in feminist psychology is to use media and popularcultureintheclassroom.WehopethattheMediaSectionofSexRoles can contribute to teaching gender topics or courses atvarious levels, i.e. high school, college or graduate levelclasses. We are especially interested in receiving reviews ofDVDs and documentaries that are designed for use in theclassroom.Wearealsoopentoarticlesthatpresent,describe,orevaluate classroom strategies for using media. Followingtradition, the media section will include reviews of newlyreleased films. While we hope to publish timely reviews ofimportant newly released films and DVDs, we are alsointerested in reviews of TV series, televised documentaries,and commercial films. We have an expanded definition ofmedia that includes contemporary forms of social media.Reviews of blogs, websites, on line resources, and videos arealso encouraged. We hope to publish reviews of experientialexercises and educational and simulation games. We wouldalso be interested in articles detailing uses and responses tomedia such as I click, d2l, tweeting, and texting. If you areinterested in reviewing a particular film or other materials,contact us to obtain the materials from the distributor. Moreinformation about writing a media review can be found on the
Electrophoretic profiles of high density lipoprotein subclasses in primates

Abstract 1. 1. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) procedure previously reported to separate human HDL into HDL2 and HDL3 was utilized for identifying the HDL subclasses of 12 different Old and New World primates. 2. 2. The pattern of electrophoretic migration of HDL2 and HDL3 was found to be similar between human and nonhuman primates and indicated a wide inter- and intra-species variation in the predominant HDL subclasses. 3. 3. Preliminary data indicate that the relationship between HDL subclasses and risk of atherosclerosis obtained in humans may not be applicable to certain species of nonhuman primates generally considered to differ in atherosclerosis susceptibility.
Endotherms, ectotherms, and mitochondrial genome-size variation.

The patterns of mitochondrial genomesize variation were investigated in endothermic and ectothermic species to examine the role that thermal habit might play in the evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Data on mtDNA size (the modal, largest, and smallest mtDNA reported within a species), the percent variation in mtDNA size (the difference in size between the largest and smallest mtDNAs divided by the model genome size for a given species), and the frequency of heteroplasmic individuals (those carrying more than one mtDNA length variant) were tabulated from the literature. Endotherms showed significantly less variation in mtDNA size and tended to have smaller mtDNAs than ectotherms. Further comparisons between endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates revealed that the largest genome and the percent variation in genome size were significantly smaller in the former than the latter. There was no difference between endothermic and ectotherms in the frequency of heteroplasmy. These data are discussed in light of two hypotheses: (1) more intense directional and purifying selection for small genome size in the cytoplasms of species with higher metabolic rates and (2) reduced mutation pressures generating mtDNA size variants in endotherms relative to those in ectotherms. The general trends are consistent with the selection hypothesis but in certain species mtDNA size variation appears to be governed by mutational pressures. To test these competing hypotheses further, comparative studies are proposed where mitochondrial genome size is quantified in sister taxa and tissue types with very different metabolic rates.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS FOR OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Tourette syndrome (TS) has recently been recognized to be a relatively com mon neurobehavioral disorder, with a spectrum of neurologic, behavioral, and cognitive features. 52 The degree of cognitive impairment in TS patients and its effect on school or vocational performance, academic achievement, and psycho logical development has been systematically examined only recently with batteries of psychological tests. In the past two decades, the advent of extensive neuropsy chological test batteries that reliably assess brain function and underlying central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction has contributed significantly to our under standing of the clinical features of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as TS. Recent evidence has suggested that the commonly observed comorbid behavioral disorders of TS, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), clearly have an impact on cognitive, educational, and psychosocial function. 1,43,76 Moreover, these behavioral features of TS can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features (i.e., tics) of the disorder and require careful clinical assessment so that appropriate treatment interventions can be offered to patients and their families. Current opinion regarding the treatment of TS recommends targeting the most disabling feature(s), which in many cases turn out to be ADHD and/or OCD 52 .his article focuses on objective neuropsychological and behavioral assessment of OCD and ADHD, which is useful for both the clinical evaluation and treatment of OCD and ADHD associated with TS and in the research setting.
454 BREAST MILK CHOLESTEROL, PHYTOSTEROL, AND TOTAL FAT

Breast milk cholesterol (C), total phytosterols(TP), and total fat (TF) were quantitated during the first 12 months of lactation in 8 normals(N) and in a subject homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia(H-FHC), to assess temporal changes in milk sterol and fat content. The N took an ad-libitum diet, the H-FHC, a low cholesterol ( 600 mg/dl),breast milk is remarkably enriched with C. Since breast milk C is derived from PC and from cholesterolgenesis in the breast, the marked increments in breast milk C in the H-FHC appear to be related to sharp increments in PC with increased extraction of C into breast milk.
Prospective medical assessment of adults surviving childhood cancer: Study design, cohort characteristics, and feasibility of the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study†

Background To facilitate prospective medical assessment of adults surviving pediatric malignancies and advance knowledge about long-term childhood cancer survivor health, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (SJCRH) is establishing a lifetime cohort of survivors. Methods Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) study include: (1) diagnosis of childhood malignancy treated at SJCRH; (2) survival ≥ 10 years from diagnosis; and (3) current age ≥18 years. Three levels of participation are offered: (1) comprehensive evaluation on SJCRH campus; (2) limited home evaluation; or (3) completion of health surveys only. A systematic recruitment structure based upon blocks of 50 patients initially focused on leukemia and lymphoma survivors and patients eligible for pilot studies. Results As of January 1, 2010, 1,625 (42%) of 3,900 eligible ≥10-year survivors have been contacted. Among the first 1,000 potentially eligible survivors selected for recruitment, 971 were subsequently confirmed to fulfill eligibility criteria. To date, 898/971 (92.5%) have been successfully contacted of whom 825 (91.8%) have agreed to participate. Among participants, 88.6% agreed to comprehensive medical evaluation, 0.4% limited local evaluation, and 11.0% survey only. Anticipated minimum overall participation rate for medical evaluation is 75.3% (731/971). Comparison of those contacted who agreed versus declined to participate revealed a greater proportion of males who declined participation (P = 0.001). Conclusions Early results of the SJLIFE study support its feasibility to recruit aging childhood cancer survivors to research investigations evaluating late health outcomes by medical assessments. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:825–836. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Retrofit of pre‐Northridge steel moment‐resisting frames using fluid viscous dampers

SUMMARY This paper describes a study of the use of linear fluid viscous damping devices for the seismic retrofit of a threestorey, pre-Northridge steel-framed building. Four part-perimeter moment frames resisted lateral forces in the building. One of the four perimeter frames was analysed using static pushover, incremental dynamic and nonlinear dynamic analysis to calculate likely beam plastic rotations in design and maximum earthquakes. Ten 10‐50 (design) and two 2‐50 (maximum) earthquake histories were used for the nonlinear dynamic analysis. The maximum beam plastic rotations exceeded 0020 radian for some of the design-earthquake histories and 0045 radian for one of the maximum-earthquake histories. Fluid viscous dampers were added to the frame using the procedures of FEMA 273 with the goal of eliminating plastic rotations in the beams of the frame in the design earthquake. Average reductions in the displacement of the frame by a factor exceeding 2 were achieved in the design earthquake with the addition of approximately 40% equivalent viscous damping. Although plastic rotations in the beams were substantially reduced, they were not eliminated for 7 of the 10 characterizations of the design earthquake; the calculated maximum beam plastic rotations exceeded the measured plastic rotation capacity of pre-Northridge steel moment-frame connections and so some fractures of the beam connections in this frame would not be unexpected. The addition of the dampers to the building frame led to substantial increases in the maximum base shear and column axial forces, which in practice would likely lead to strengthening of the columns and the foundations. The average maximum axial forces in the dampers calculated by response-history analysis exceeded the values calculated using the first-mode procedure of FEMA 273. Higher-mode effects must be considered using either response-history analysis or the procedures of FEMA 274 to adequately size and detail fluid viscous dampers and their connections to the structural framing. Copyright  2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extended cross-country time-series analysis of the volume and quality of consumption

Abstract The approach of Finke and Theil (1985) is extended to include four countries (Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg and West Germany) for which consumption data are available at a less detailed level.
Distributed Service-Oriented Robotics

The Internet's next evolution will require the current Internet (which concentrates on information access) to combine with an Internet of Things. Consequently, Web services that operate on information will need to seamlessly interoperate with services, and perhaps robotic capabilities, which interact with physical objects. While the paradigm known as service-oriented computing has adopted standard interfaces that aggregate data-centric services, the development of similar standard interfaces for distributed robotic services (that have access to physical objects) has been a challenge for academic and industrial researchers.
Hiring bias and the disabled interviewee: Effects of manipulating work history and disability information of the disabled job applicant

Abstract Ninety MBA students were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions in a 3(levels of disability) × 2(levels of employment history) design. Levels of disability (Physical, Psychiatric, and No Disability) and levels of employment history (Good and Poor) were manipulated by giving the subjects bogus information on a job application form prior to hearing a taped job interview. Subjects then rated the quality of the interview and stated the probability that they would hire the interviewee. Evaluations of the interview and hiring probabilities were different between the experimental groups. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Laser-selective chemistry and vibrational energy redistribution in molecules☆

I present new experimental results that are relevant to how vibrational energy is redistributed in large molecules. In these experiments the molecules are cooled (by supersonic beam expansion or by low temperature (1.7 K) crystal techniques) and the vibrational states are excited selectively by optical pulses of approximately 15 ps duration. When combined with high resolution spectroscopic data, the results of these experiments tell us the energy and phase relaxation time scales. The relevance of these and other findings to laser-selective chemistry is discussed.
Bacterial endocarditis: a consideration for physician and dentist

The use of procedures to reduce the number of viable bacteria in the mouth is stressed—in conjunction with the traditional recommendation of antibiotics—to provide maximum protection for patients. Should traditional systemic antibiotic prophylaxis be supplemented with local antibacterial measures?
Simple inheritance of key traits distinguishing maize and teosinte

The segregation of key traits distinguishing maize and teosinte was analyzed in three F2 and three backcross populations derived from crosses of the modern maize inbred T232 with Zea mays ssp. parviglumis. These traits were (i) paired vs. single female spikelets; (ii) two-ranked vs. many-ranked ears; (iii) non-indurated vs. indurated glumes; (iv) inclination of the kernels toward the rachis, and (v) distichous vs. polystichous central staminate spike. All traits showed a simple mode of inheritance except for paired female spikes, which appeared to be controlled by two genes. The loci controlling these major changes were mapped with RFLP markers to four chromosomal regions. These results support the suggestion that maize became differentiated from teosinte with as few as five major gene changes.
On the Vortical-Flow Prediction Capability of an Unstructured-Grid Euler Solver

The results from a concentrated computational effort are presented with the primary objective being directed at evaluating the vortical-flow-prediction capability of an unstructured-grid Euler solver. Both viscous and inviscid solutions, obtained from an established structured-grid method, along with an experimental wind-tunnel data are used as bench-mark measures to assess the validity of the unstructured-grid Euler results. Viscous effects on vortical flows are first identified by comparing the viscous and inviscid solutions obtained form the structured-grid method. Computational data analysis are then presented which reveal excellent correlations between the inviscid structured and unstructured-grid results in terms of off-surface flow structures, surface pressure distribution and the predicted longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics. The sensitivity of the unstructured-grid inviscid solutions to grid refinement is also discussed along with an analysis of the convergence and performance characteristics for each method.
An Initial Log Analysis of Usage Patterns on a Research Networking System

Usage data for research networking systems (RNSs) are valuable but generally unavailable for understanding scientific professionals' information needs and online collaborator seeking behaviors. This study contributes a method for evaluating RNSs and initial usage knowledge of one RNS obtained from using this method. We designed a log for an institutional RNS, defined categories of users and tasks, and analyzed correlations between usage patterns and user and query types. Our results show that scientific professionals spend more time performing deep Web searching on RNSs than generic Google users and we also show that retrieving scientist profiles is faster on an RNS than on Google (3.5 seconds vs. 34.2 seconds) whereas organization-specific browsing on a RNS takes longer than on Google (117.0 seconds vs. 34.2 seconds). Usage patterns vary by user role, e.g., faculty performed more informational queries than administrators, which implies role-specific user support is needed for RNSs.
External factors associated with adopting a CMS in resident college courses

Abstract Course management systems (CMSs) have become a common resource for resident courses at colleges and universities. Researchers have analyzed which CMS features faculty members use most primarily by asking them which features are used. The study described builds on previous research by counting the number of CMS features a faculty member used and by analyzing how three external factors are related to the use of CMS features. The external factors are (a) the college in which a course was offered, (b) class size, and (c) the level of a class—such as 100 or 200. The only external factor showing a statistically significant relationship to the use of CMS features was the college in which a course was offered. Another finding was that CMSs are primarily used to transmit information to students. Implications are described for using external factors to increase effective use of more complex CMS features.