cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dermal Regeneration and Induction of Wound Closure in Diabetic Wounds

This chapter reviews the biological and mechanical role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cutaneous wound healing. The multiplicity of viewpoints expressed in the literature, the lack of standards in evaluating research and surgical outcomes, and poor data quality have made our analysis challenging. We attempt to deliver a clear, objective analysis given these constraints. We highlight how chronic wounds impair the architecture of the ECM leading to a loss of structural and biochemical cues and halt healing. We also discuss how ECM scaffolds can be used therapeutically to repair or temporarily replace lost ECM, triggering healing, tissue regeneration, and ultimately effective wound closure. We further analyze biological characteristics, design principles, scientific evidence, and future challenges in the use of ECM scaffolds to treat chronic (diabetic) wounds. In particular, we debate the difference between bioactive ECM scaffolds that possess a regenerative capacity as stand-alone product and do not require pre-application (or simultaneous applications) of cells, and biological matrices designed as delivery methods of cells and growth factors. We discuss the elements of an “induced regeneration” theory that is organ nonspecific. Finally, we review the process behind the conception and development of a specific example of successful ECM scaffolds currently used for the treatment of diabetic chronic wounds.
Real-Time Human Motion Behavior Detection via CNN Using mmWave Radar

A real-time behavior detection system using millimeter wave radar is presented in this article. Radar is used to sense the micro-Doppler information of targets. A convolution neural network (CNN) is further implemented in the detection and classification of the human motion behaviors using this information. Both the convolution layers and architecture of CNNs are presented. The analysis on loss and accuracy of training results is also shown. The experimental result indicates a precise determination of human motion behavior detection using the proposed system.
Appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing among privately insured US patients: ICD-10-CM based cross sectional study

Abstract Objective To assess the appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing for privately insured children and non-elderly adults in the US using a comprehensive classification scheme of diagnosis codes in ICD-10-CM (international classification of diseases-clinical modification, 10th revision), which replaced ICD-9-CM in the US on 1 October 2015. Design Cross sectional study. Setting MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, 2016. Participants 19.2 million enrollees aged 0-64 years. Main outcome measures A classification scheme was developed that determined whether each of the 91 738 ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes “always,” “sometimes,” or “never” justified antibiotics. For each antibiotic prescription fill, this scheme was used to classify all diagnosis codes in claims during a look back period that began three days before antibiotic prescription fills and ended on the day fills occurred. The main outcome was the proportion of fills in each of four mutually exclusive categories: “appropriate” (associated with at least one “always” code during the look back period, “potentially appropriate” (associated with at least one “sometimes” but no “always” codes), “inappropriate” (associated only with “never” codes), and “not associated with a recent diagnosis code” (no codes during the look back period). Results The cohort (n=19 203 264) comprised 14 571 944 (75.9%) adult and 9 935 791 (51.7%) female enrollees. Among 15 455 834 outpatient antibiotic prescription fills by the cohort, the most common antibiotics were azithromycin (2 931 242, 19.0%), amoxicillin (2 818 939, 18.2%), and amoxicillin-clavulanate (1 784 921, 11.6%). Among these 15 455 834 fills, 1 973 873 (12.8%) were appropriate, 5 487 003 (35.5%) were potentially appropriate, 3 592 183 (23.2%) were inappropriate, and 4 402 775 (28.5%) were not associated with a recent diagnosis code. Among the 3 592 183 inappropriate fills, 2 541 125 (70.7%) were written in office based settings, 222 804 (6.2%) in urgent care centers, and 168 396 (4.7%) in emergency departments. In 2016, 2 697 918 (14.1%) of the 19 203 264 enrollees filled at least one inappropriate antibiotic prescription, including 490 475 out of 4 631 320 children (10.6%) and 2 207 173 out of 14 571 944 adults (15.2%). Conclusions Among all outpatient antibiotic prescription fills by 19 203 264 privately insured US children and non-elderly adults in 2016, 23.2% were inappropriate, 35.5% were potentially appropriate, and 28.5% were not associated with a recent diagnosis code. Approximately 1 in 7 enrollees filled at least one inappropriate antibiotic prescription in 2016. The classification scheme could facilitate future efforts to comprehensively measure outpatient antibiotic appropriateness in the US, and it could be adapted for use in other countries that use ICD-10 codes.
A multi-objective approach to water and nutrient efficiency for sustainable agricultural intensification

Abstract Sustainable intensification entails increasing the yield of existing agricultural lands while reducing the impact on the environment. Therefore, we sought to optimize irrigation and fertilizer scheduling on the farm level with respects to crop yield and environmental impact. Unlike traditional optimization, multi-objective optimization techniques provide a set of optimal solutions that collectively represent the tradeoffs between the conflicting objectives. As a result, decision makers can then prioritize and select their optimal trade-off from the global set of optimal solutions. To implement such an optimization platform, this study integrates the Unified Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-III (U-NSGA-III) based multi-objective optimization platform with the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer crop model. The U-NSGA-III algorithm optimizes a farm level agricultural production system against a myriad of soil, crop, and climate objectives. With this platform, we were able to find irrigation and nitrogen schemes that reduced water usage by 48%, nitrogen usage by 26%, and nitrogen leaching by 51%.
Capitalizing on the Craze of Fortnite: Toward a Conceptual Framework for Understanding How Gamers Construct Communities of Practice.

This article conceptualizes a framework for understanding the discourse and literacy practices generated by players of the video game, Fortnite. As a teacher educator interested in studying how mul...
Fast-Tracking Justice: An Examination of the Role of Gender in the Application of Federal Early Disposition Decisions and Other Departure Outcomes for Immigration Offenses

In light of allegations that the federal use of early disposition (§5K3) departures circumvents efforts at equality and transparency, this study examines the role of gender in the application of §5...
Testing the theory of resilience and relational load in dual career families: relationship maintenance as stress management

ABSTRACTThis study examined whether relationship maintenance buffers the stress of balancing work and family. Sixty-two dual-earning couples and their adolescents completed surveys at the beginning...
Democracy in the Age of Mass Incarceration

The country that served as Tocqueville’s model for democracy and freedom is now the world’s largest captor. The US incarcerates its population at the highest rate in the world: 830 people per 100,000 of US adult residents (Kaeble and Cowhig, Correctional Populations in the United States, 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics April, doi: https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpus16.pdf, 2018: 4). How does mass incarceration affect US democracy? This chapter argues that mass incarceration undermines American democracy by eroding the associational life of those incarcerated. Former prisoners have reduced engagement in civil and political associations due to the increased costs of participating in associational life. As a result, a large, growing portion of the US population is increasingly disengaged from political life. A smaller segment of the population forms, maintains, and enforces the laws in the US, fostering the despotism of which Tocqueville warned.
Pre-Training Audio Representations With Self-Supervision

We explore self-supervision as a way to learn general purpose audio representations. Specifically, we propose two self-supervised tasks: Audio2Vec , which aims at reconstructing a spectrogram slice from past and future slices and TemporalGap , which estimates the distance between two short audio segments extracted at random from the same audio clip. We evaluate how the representations learned via self-supervision transfer to different downstream tasks, either training a task-specific linear classifier on top of the pretrained embeddings, or fine-tuning a model end-to-end for each downstream task. Our results show that the representations learned with Audio2Vec transfer better than those learned by fully-supervised training on Audioset. In addition, by fine-tuning Audio2Vec representations it is possible to outperform fully-supervised models trained from scratch on each task, when limited data is available, thus improving label efficiency.
Case management: an introduction to concepts and skills

Social workers and other health professionals use case management skills across a wide range of populations and problems. Case management services have long been a staple of social work at both the...
T-cell clones of uncertain significance are highly prevalent and show close resemblance to T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia. Implications for laboratory diagnostics.

Benign clonal T-cell expansions in reactive immune responses often complicate the laboratory diagnosis T-cell neoplasia. We recently introduced a novel flow cytometry assay to detect T-cell clones in blood and bone marrow, based on the identification of a monophasic T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain constant region-1 (TRBC1) expression pattern within a phenotypically distinct TCRαβ T-cell subset. In routine laboratory practice, T-cell clones of uncertain significance (T-CUS) were detected in 42 of 159 (26%) patients without T-cell malignancy, and in 3 of 24 (13%) healthy donors. Their phenotype (CD8+/CD4−: 78%, CD4−/CD8−: 12%, CD4+/CD8+: 9%, or CD4+/CD8−: 2%) closely resembled that of 26 cases of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL) studied similarly, except for a much smaller clone size (p < 0.0001), slightly brighter CD2 and CD7, and slightly dimmer CD3 expression (p < 0.05). T-CUS was not associated with age, gender, comorbidities, or peripheral blood counts. TCR-Vβ repertoire analysis confirmed the clonality of T-CUS, and identified additional clonotypic CD8-positive subsets when combined with TRBC1 analysis. We hereby report the phenotypic features and incidence of clonal T-cell subsets in patients with no demonstrable T-cell neoplasia, providing a framework for the differential interpretation of T-cell clones based on their size and phenotypic properties.
A Filon-like integration strategy for calculating exact exchange in periodic boundary conditions: a plane-wave DFT implementation

An efficient and accurate approach for calculating exact exchange and other two-electron integrals has been developed for periodic electronic structure methods. Traditional approaches used for integrating over the Brillouin zone in band structure calculations, e.g. trapezoidal or Monkhorst-Pack, are not accurate enough for two-electron integrals. This is because their integrands contain multiple singularities over the double integration of the Brillouin zone, which with simple integration methods lead to very inaccurate results. A common approach to this problem has been to replace the Coulomb interaction with a screened Coulomb interaction that removes singularities from the integrands in the two-electron integrals, albeit at the inelegance of having to introduce a screening factor which must precomputed or guessed. Instead of introducing screened Coulomb interactions in an ad hoc way, the method developed in this work derives an effective screened potential using a Filon-like integration approach that is based only on the lattice parameters. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditionally defined screened Coulomb interactions for calculating two-electron integrals, and makes chemistry many-body calculations tractable in periodic boundary conditions. This method has been applied to several systems for which conventional DFT methods do not work well, including the reaction pathways for the addition of H2 to phenol and Au$_{20}^{-}$ nanoparticle, and the electron transfer of a charge trapped state in the Fe(II) containing mica, annite.
University of Wisconsin Guidelines for Treatment of Facial Trauma While Minimizing the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many practices to completely change the interface between health care providers and patients. Patients presenting with facial trauma present a special risk for COVID-19 transmission, as contact with respiratory and ocular secretions is common, and so special precautions must be taken in managing them. METHODS: We created guidelines and a triage/management algorithm for patients presenting with facial trauma to decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, we present a set of guidelines and a triage algorithm we have successfully implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 while managing facial trauma. We believe that these guidelines can help other providers restructure their practices during this pandemic.
The Impact of FASTPASS: A Collaboration With Emergency Department to Improve Management of Patients With Gallbladder Disease and Acute Appendicitis

Abstract Background Efficient Emergency Department (ED) throughput depends on several factors, including collaboration and consultation with surgical services. The acute care surgery service (ACS) collaborated with ED to implement a new process termed “FASTPASS” (FP), which might improve patient-care for those with acute appendicitis and gallbladder disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 1-year outcome of FP. Methods FASTPASS is a joint collaboration between ACS and ED. ED physicians were provided with a simple check-list for diagnosing young males ( Results During our 1-year study period, for those patients who underwent GBD/AA surgery, 56 (26%) GBD and 27 (26%) AA patients met FP criteria. Compared to the non-FP patients during FP period, FP halved ED LOS for GBD (7.4 ± 3.0 versus 3.5 ± 1.7 h, P Conclusions In this study, the FP process improved ED throughput in a single, highly-trained ER leading to an overall improved patient care process. A future study involving multiple EDs and different disease processes may help decrease ED overcrowding and improve healthcare system efficiency.
One Main Crop Grown with a Supplementary Crop

In certain agricultural cropping systems, interest centers on growing a particular crop, the main crop; it may be that the yield of this crop is unaffected, or is affected to a small degree if another crop, a supplemental crop, is grown simultaneously, or previously, with the crop of main importance. In such cases, it is necessary to determine the effect of growing the supplemental crop on the main crop yields. In addition, the effects of intercropping need to be assessed over a period of five, ten, or twenty years in comparison with other cropping systems over the same period of time in order to evaluate fully a cropping system. Many responses, e.g., soil erosion, soil structure, insect control, nitrogen fixation, etc., in addition to yield may be needed to fully evaluate the system.
Large travel ultra precision x-y-/spl theta/ motion control of a magnetic-suspension stage

This paper presents an indirect adaptive-control approach and its implementation for realizing large travel ultra precision x-y-theta motion control of a magnetic-suspension stage, which is actuated by ten electromagnets and is capable of six-degrees-of-freedom motion. Feedback linearization of the nonlinear force relationship of the electromagnet in terms of the coil current and the air gap is implemented. Due to modeling errors, perfect feedback linearization is not possible, and parameter variations of the feedback-linearized system are demonstrated through closed-loop system identification. Each axis of the feedback-linearized system is then modeled as a double integrator having gain value depending on the position of the stage and subjected to a disturbance. For the purpose of large travel x-y-theta motion control, an indirect adaptive-control algorithm is designed and implemented for each axis of the feedback-linearized system. The developed control algorithm consists of three procedures: a) real-time parameter estimation; b) model cancellation; and c) nominal linear control. Experimental results demonstrate that the indirect adaptive controllers have superior tracking ability when compared to constant gain robust linear H/sup /spl infin// controllers.
Automating the Search for Elegant Proofs

The research reported in this article was spawned by a colleague’s request to find an elegant proof (of a theorem from Boolean algebra) to replace his proof consisting of 816 deduced steps. The request was met by finding a proof consisting of 100 deduced steps. The methodology used to obtain the far shorter proof is presented in detail through a sequence of experiments. Although clearly not an algorithm, the methodology is sufficiently general to enable its use for seeking elegant proofs regardless of the domain of study. In addition to (usually) being more elegant, shorter proofs often provide the needed path to constructing a more efficient circuit, a more effective algorithm, and the like. The methodology relies heavily on the assistance of McCune’s automated reasoning program OTTER. Of the aspects of proof elegance, the main focus here is on proof length, with brief attention paid to the type of term present, the number of variables required, and the complexity of deduced steps. The methodology is iterative, relying heavily on the use of three strategies: the resonance strategy, the hot list strategy, and McCune’s ratio strategy. These strategies, as well as other features on which the methodology relies, do exhibit tendencies that can be exploited in the search for shorter proofs and for other objectives. To provide some insight regarding the value of the methodology, I discuss its successful application to other problems from Boolean algebra and to problems from lattice theory. Research suggestions and challenges are also offered.
Gamma-Normal-Gamma Mixture Model for Detecting Differentially Methylated Loci in Three Breast Cancer Cell Lines

With state-of-the-art microarray technologies now available for whole genome CpG island (CGI) methylation profiling, there is a need to develop statistical models that are specifically geared toward the analysis of such data. In this article, we propose a Gamma-Normal-Gamma (GNG) mixture model for describing three groups of CGI loci: hypomethylated, undifferentiated, and hypermethylated, from a single methylation microarray. This model was applied to study the methylation signatures of three breast cancer cell lines: MCF7, T47D, and MDAMB361. Biologically interesting and interpretable results are obtained, which highlights the heterogeneity nature of the three cell lines. This underlies the premise for the need of analyzing each of the microarray slides individually as opposed to pooling them together for a single analysis. Our comparisons with the fitted densities from the Normal-Uniform (NU) mixture model in the literature proposed for gene expression analysis show an improved goodness of fit of the GNG model over the NU model. Although the GNG model was proposed in the context of single-slide methylation analysis, it can be readily adapted to analyze multi-slide methylation data as well as other types of microarray data.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic neoplasm (BPDN) or BPDN-like lesion presenting after influenza vaccination and resolving with topical high potency steroid

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (BPDN) are exceeding rare T-cell neoplasms that carry a dismal prognosis. Today, the exact etiology of the disease is unclear, and to our knowledge, no cases of BPDN have been reported at the site of vaccination injection. Additionally, all currently described cases described have dismal prognosis, and, to our knowledge, there are no reports of such lesions responding to topical steroid treatment. Herein, we present an unusual case of BPDN occurring at an influenza vaccination site that subsequently resolved after high-potency topical steroid treatment.
IN VITRO BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CEPHALOTHIN

Chang, Te-Wen (Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.) and Louis Weinstein. In vitro biological activity of cephalothin. J. Bacteriol. 85: 1022–1027. 1963.—Cephalothin is a “broad-spectrum” antibiotic active, in low concentrations, against Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes , and Staphylococcus aureus. Shigella, Salmonella , and Proteus mirabilis were the most sensitive of the gram-negative organisms. Escherichia coli and Aerobacter aerogenes were suppressed to a lesser degree, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Herellea were highly resistant. Penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains of S. aureus were equally susceptible to cephalothin. Exposure to increasing concentrations of the drug very frequently led to the development of resistance in gram-negative organisms; this was observed less often with S. aureus . Cephalothin stimulated the production of penicillinase by staphylococci, which remained sensitive to the cephalosporanic acid derivatives despite repeated subculture in increasing concentrations of the agent. Cephalothin was not inhibited by penicillinase. This antibiotic was more toxic to cultures of human amnion and mouse embryo cells than benzyl penicillin G but was less injurious than oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and demethylchlortetracycline; tetracylcine produced about the same degree of cellular damage as cephalothin.
Variações no Comportamento de Namoro entre Estudantes Universitários Centro-americanos, Cubanos e Sul-americanos. DOI: 10.5212/Rlagg.v.4.i1.3067

To assess the influence of geographical region, generational status, and gender on the dating behaviors of Latino college students, 451 college students from Central America, Cuba, and South America answered questions regarding their geographical region descent, generational status, and dating history. Significant differences were found in dating behaviors. Participants from Central America began dating later than participants from Cuban and South American. Variations in age when parents allowed dating was accounted for by geographic region, gender of the child, and generational status. There was a gendered difference in age at first date in that males went on their first date earlier than females. Age at first date was also predicted by when parents first allowed dating. Age at first sexual encounter was impacted by geographic region, age when parents first allowed dating, and age at first date. Results demonstrate the need to examine Latino immigrants by geographical region instead of grouping immigrants from over 20 different countries under the term ‘Latino.’
Oxygen Pressures in the Interstitial Space of Skeletal Muscle and Tumors in vivo

A new Oxyphor (Oxyphor G3) has been used to selectively determine the oxygen pressure in interstitial (pericellular) spaces. Oxyphor G3 is a Pd-tetrabenzoporphyrin, encapsulated inside generation 2 poly-arylglycine (AG) dendrimer, and therefore is a true near infrared oxygen sensor, having a strong absorption band at 636nm and emission near 800nm. The periphery of the dendrimer is modified with oligoethylene glycol residues (Av. MW 350) to make the probe water soluble and biologically inert. Oxyphor G3 was injected along "tracks" in the tissue using a small needle (30gage or less) and remained in the pericellular space, allowing oxygen measurements for several hours with a single injection. The oxygen pressure distributions (histograms) were compared with those for Oxyphor G2 in the intravascular (blood plasma) space. In normal muscle, in the lower oxygen pressure region of the histograms (capillary bed) the oxygen pressure difference was small. At higher oxygen pressures in the histograms there were differences consistent with the presence of high flow vessels with oxygen pressures substantially above those of the surrounding interstitial space. In tumors, the oxygen pressures in the two spaces were similar but with large differences among tumors. In mice, anesthesia with ketamine plus xylazine markedly decreased oxygen pressures in the interstitial and intravascular spaces compared to awake or isoflurane anesthetized mice.
Quantum smectic and supersolid order in helium films and vortex arrays

A flux liquid can condense into a smectic crystal in a pure-layered superconductor with the magnetic field oriented nearly parallel to the layers. Similar order can arise in low-temperature $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ films with a highly anisotropic periodic substrate potential. If the smectic order is commensurate with the layering, this periodic array is stable to quenched random pointlike disorder. By tilting and adjusting the magnitude of the applied field, both incommensurate and tilted smectic and crystalline phases are found for vortex arrays. Related variations are possible by changing the chemical potential in the helium system. We discuss transport near the second-order smectic freezing transition, and show that permeation modes in superconductors lead to a small nonzero resistivity and a large but finite tilt modulus in the smectic crystal. In helium films, the theory predicts a nonzero superfluid density and propagating third sound modes, showing that the quantum smectic is always simultaneously crystalline and superfluid.
A biophysical perspective of understanding nanoparticles at large

In this article we present a biophysical perspective that describes the fate of nanoparticles in both the aqueous phase and in living systems. Specifically, we show the correlations between the physicochemistry of fullerenes and their uptake, translocation, transformation, transport, and biodistribution in mammalian and plant systems, at the molecular, cellular, and whole organism level. In addition to fullerenes and their structural derivatives, we describe the biological and environmental implications and applications of the condensed matter of carbon nanotubes and quantum dots, and the soft condensed matter of plastic and dendrimers. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the vast opportunities and unique advantages of applying experimental and simulation biophysics to the nascent research field of understanding nanoparticles at large.
Generation of a hypomorphic model of propionic acidemia amenable to gene therapy testing.

Propionic acidemia (PA) is a recessive genetic disease that results in an inability to metabolize certain amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids. Current treatment involves restricting consumption of these substrates or liver transplantation. Deletion of the Pcca gene in mice mimics the most severe forms of the human disease. Pcca− mice die within 36 hours of birth, making it difficult to test intravenous systemic therapies in them. We generated an adult hypomorphic model of PA in Pcca− mice using a transgene bearing an A138T mutant of the human PCCA protein. Pcca−/−(A138T) mice have 2% of wild-type PCC activity, survive to adulthood, and have elevations in propionyl-carnitine, methylcitrate, glycine, alanine, lysine, ammonia, and markers associated with cardiomyopathy similar to those in patients with PA. This adult model allowed gene therapy testing by intravenous injection with adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and adeno-associated virus 2/8 (AAV8) vectors. Ad5-mediated more rapid increases in PCCA protein and propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activity in the liver than AAV8 and both vectors reduced propionylcarnitine and methylcitrate levels. Phenotypic correction was transient with first generation Ad whereas AAV8-mediated long-lasting effects. These data suggest that this PA model may be a useful platform for optimizing systemic intravenous therapies for PA.
On choosing an inexpensive microcomputer for the experimental psychology laboratory

This report compares currently available. Inexpensive (minimum stand-alone disk-based con-figuration under $2,000), mass-produced microcomputers from the viewpoint of their applicability as experiment control, stimulus generation, and data collection devices for the experimental psychology laboratory.
Chicago's New Negroes: Modernity, the Great Migration and Black Urban Life by Davarian Baldwin

Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press (2007) ISBN 1397808078 365 pp., Hardbound, $59.95; Paperback, $22.50. In Chicago's New Negroes, Davarian Baldwin posits a multidimensional relati...
EUNIS: a solar EUV normal-incidence spectrometer

GSFC is in the process of assembling a solar EUV Normal-Incidence Spectrometer called EUNIS, to be flown as a sounding rocket payload. This instrument builds on the many technical innovations pioneered by our highly successful SERTS experiment over its past ten flights. The new design has improved spatial and spectral resolutions, as well as 100 times greater sensitivity, permitting EUV spectroscopy with a temporal resolution near 1 second for the first time ever. To achieve such high time cadence, a novel Active-Pixel-Sensor detector is being developed as a key component of our design. The high sensitivity of EUNIS allows entirely new studies of transient coronal phenomena, such as the rapid loop dynamics seen by TRACE, and searches for non-thermal motions indicative of magnetic reconnection or wave heating. The increased sensitivity also permits useful EUV spectra at heights of 2-3 solar radii above the limb, where the transition between the static corona and the solar wind might occur. In addition, the new design features two independent optical systems, more than doubling the spectral bandwidth covered on each flight. Its 300-370A bandpass includes He II 304A and strong lines from Fe XI-XVI, extending the current SERTS range of 300-355A to further improve our ongoing series of calibration under-flights for SOHO/CDS and EIT. The second bandpass of 170-205A has a sequence of very strong Fe IX-XIII lines, and allows under-flight support for two more channels on SOHO/EIT, two channels on TRACE, one on Solar-B/EIS, and all four channels on the STEREO/EUVI instrument. First flight of the new EUNIS payload is presently scheduled for 2002 October.
Aphid transmission and a polypeptide are specified by a defined region of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome

Abstract Infection of young turnip leaves with an aphid-transmissible isolate. Cabb B-Jl, of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) causes synthesis of an Mr 18 000 polypeptide (p18) which co-purifies with virus inclusion bodies. This polypeptide is not detectable in leaves infected with either of two aphid non-transmissible isolates. Campbell and CM4–184. Construction in vitro, of hybrid genomes between Cabb B-Jl and Campbell isolates demonstrates that aphid transmissibility and presence of p18 is dependent on the small genome fragment from the BstEII site to the XhoI site. A deletion made in this fragment within opem reading frame (ORF) II causes loss of aphid transmissibility and also terminates production of p18. We conclude that aphid transmissibility and the presence of p18 are related to the expression of ORF II of the CaMV genome.
Equilibrium O2 distribution in the Zn2+-protoporphyrin IX deoxymyoglobin mimic: application to oxygen migration pathway analysis.

Proton spin relaxation induced by the triplet ground state of O2 in the zinc-containing diamagnetic analogue of sperm whale deoxymyoglobin has been measured as a function of oxygen concentration. A...
Effects pf riboflavin deficiency upon prostaglandin biosynthesis in rat kidney

Abstract The effects of riboflavin deficiency on the activity in vitro of prostaglandin synthetase were determined in rat kidney homogenates. For a period of two to five months, weanling rats were fed either a diet deficient in riboflavin or equal amounts of a diet identical in composition except for the addition of riboflavin at four times the RDA for this vitamin. In further experiments, each group of rats was treated for 10 days with either an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (flurbiprofen) or buffer. Following sacrifice, prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro was measured both in the absence and presence of reduced glutathione, and subsequently in the presence of reduced glutathione with and without flurbiprofen. Reaction products were extracted from supernatant solutions with diethylether, and the PGE2 and PGF2α formed were measured by radioimmunoassay. Dietary riboflavin deficiency increased biosynthesis rates in vitro of both PGE2 and PGF2α in rat renal medulla and papilla. when both control and riboflavin deficient rats were treated with flurbiprofen for a 10 day period, PGE2 biosynthesis in vitro was markedly inhibited. This inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis was partially overcome by the addition of reduced glutath one in vitro . The addition of flurbiprofen in vitro to samples containing reduced glutathione prevented the restoration of PGE2 biosynthesis by the latter. The rate of prostaglandin biosynthesis in kidney homogenates from riboflavin deficient rats remained higher than that of controls with each experimental manipulation. These data in their entirety suggest a possible role for riboflavin in the regulation of renal prostaglandin biosynthesis in the rat.
The respiratory roles of swimming and nonswimming pleopods in isopod crustaceans

1. 1. Resting oxygen consumption and ventilation rate were measured in Idotea wosnesenskii before and after appendage removal. 2. 2. Treatments consisted of removing either a pair of swimming pleopods or a pair of nonswimming pleopods; a pair of walking legs were removed from control animals. 3. 3. The nonswimming group showed a significant decrease in specific oxygen consumption after appendage removal; the other two groups showed no significant change. 4. 4. There was no significant change in ventilation rate among the groups, although the swimming group showed an increasing trend. 5. 5. Thus, the nonswimming pleopods carry out most gas exchange; the swimming pleopods have little gas exchange ability but may be important in ventilating the branchial chamber.
Fish Community Responses to the Establishment of a Piscivore, Northern Pike (Esox lucius), in a Nebraska Sandhill Lake

ABSTRACT Northern pike (Esox lucius) was first documented in West Long Lake, Nebraska, in 1998 when two pike <380 mm were collected. In 2002, a Peterson mark-recapture population estimate on northern pike revealed density and standing stock (i.e., biomass) estimates of 35.8 fish/ha (95% CI= ± 8.8) and 22.0 kg/ha (95% CI= ± 5.4), respectively. Consequently, West Long Lake was sampled in 2002 to compare relative abundance, size structure, and growth of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) prior to and after the establishment of a high-density northern pike population. Bluegill, largemouth bass, and yellow perch relative abundances were significantly lower in 2002 than 1998. Similarly, size structures of all three species were significantly different between years. Size structure declined for both bluegill and yellow perch, and increased for largemouth bass. Growth was significantly higher for bluegill, largemouth bass, and yellow perch ...
Density and viscosity of vegetable oils

A generalized method was developed to estimate the liquid density of vegetable oils and fatty acids. The correlation for vegetable oils was based on fatty acid critical properties and composition of the oil. The correlations predicted the density of vegetable oils and fatty acids with an average absolute deviation of 0.21 and 0.77%, respectively. The present method is slightly more accurate in predicting vegetable oil density and simpler than the method of Halvorsen et al. Also, a method is introduced that predicts viscosity from density data, thus relating two key properties of vegetable oils.
Submicrometre particle filtration with a dc activated plasma textile

Plasma textiles are novel fabrics incorporating the advantages of cold plasma and low-cost non-woven or woven textile fabrics. In plasma textiles, electrodes are integrated into the fabric, and a corona discharge is activated within and on the surface of the fabric by applying high voltages above 10?kV between the electrodes. When the plasma textile is activated, submicrometre particles approaching the textile are charged by the deposition of ions and electrons produced by the corona, and then collected by the textile material. A stable plasma discharge was experimentally verified on the surface of the textile that was locally smooth but not rigid. A filtration efficiency close to 100% was observed in experiments conducted on salt particles with diameters ranging from 50 to 300?nm. Unlike conventional fibrous filters, the plasma textile provided uniform filtration in this range, without exhibiting a maximum particle penetration size.
Bio-inspired design of electrocatalysts for oxalate oxidation: a combined experimental and computational study of Mn-N-C catalysts

We report a novel non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) catalyst derived from Mn and amino- antipyrine (MnAAPyr) that shows electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of oxalic acid comparable to Pt with an onset potential for oxalate oxidation measured to be 0.714 ± 0.002 V vs. SHE at pH = 4. The material has been synthesized using a templating Sacrificial Support Method with manganese nitrate and 4-aminoantipyrine as precursors. This catalyst is a nano-structured material in which Mn is atomically dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene matrix. XPS studies reveal high abundance of pyridinic, Mn–Nx, and pyrrolic nitrogen pointing towards the conclusion that pyridinic nitrogen atoms coordinated to manganese constitute the active centers. Thus, the main features of the MnAAPyr catalyst are it exhibits similarity to the active sites of naturally occurring enzymes that are capable of efficient and selective oxidation of oxalic acid. Density functional theory in plane wave formalism with Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof functional was further used to study the stability and activity of different one-metal active centers that could exist in the catalyst. The results show that the stability of the Mn–Nx sites changes in the following order: MnN4 > MnN3C > MnN2C2 > MnN3. Based on the overpotentials of 0.64 V and 0.71 V vs. SHE, calculated using the free energy diagrams for the oxalate oxidation mechanism, we could conclude that the MnN3C and MnN2C2 sites are most probable Mn–Nx sites responsible for the reported catalytic activity of the new catalyst.
Mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair through a transseptal approach for double-valve endocarditis

The transseptal approach is a useful technique for patients who have valvular disease involving both the mitral and tricuspid valves. This incision provides excellent exposure for addressing pathology on both valves and has the added advantage of extension up onto the dome of the left atrium if additional exposure required. This exposure provides the ability to perform the full range of reparative operations or valve replacement with minimal distortion of the heart.
The incompletely fractured tooth.

Abstract Signs and symptoms of the incompletely fractured tooth have been presented with emphasis on the role of occlusion in etiology and diagnosis. Early recognition and treatment are paramount.
The eye is necessary for a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the site of the pacemaker that is responsible for circadian rhythms in behavior and physiology1, and it is currently believed that all rhythms of SCN cells are endogenously driven and independent of extra-SCN tissues. The eye has also been shown to contain an independent circadian oscillator2, but the role of the ocular clock and whether it influences the SCN are unknown. Here we found that a rhythm of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in an anatomically distinct subdivision of the SCN was completely abolished by bilateral enucleation in hamsters and mice, indicating that the eye is necessary for a circadian rhythm within the SCN.
224Ra in Continental Shelf waters

Abstract Measurements of 224 Ra off the coasts of South Carolina and Georgia reveal that significant activities occur up to 70 km offshore. Although some of this activity may be transported from estuarine, salt marsh and nearshore source regions, high near-bottom activities in stratified waters suggest that additional 224 Ra is being supplied by the decay of 228 Th in mid-shelf sediments. This 228 Th is probably derived from the decay of 228 Ra in the water column. 224 Ra is potentially a powerfull tracer of water mixing on the Shelf; however, a good understanding of its input functions is required before this potential may be realized.
Zero-v Cellular Honeycomb Flexible Skins for One-Dimensional Wing Morphing

Morphing aircraft wings require flexible skins that can undergo large strains, have low in-plane stiffness and very high out-of-plane flexural bending stiffness. The large strain capability is especially important for gross morphing applications such as span change where the skins may be required to undergo axial strains of the order of 50% or greater. Low in-plane stiffness allows morphing to be accomplished at a reasonable energy cost while high bending stiffness ensures that skin sections between supports do not suffer from significant out-of-plane deformation under aerodynamic pressure loads. One solution proposed is to use sandwiched skins with flexible face-sheets and cellular cores. The cellular cores can be designed to be high-strain capable, have low axial stiffness and high bending stiffness. For some morphing applications (for example, wing span change or chord or camber change), the required deformation is mostly one-dimensional. In such a case, cellular cores with zero Poisson’s ratios, which do not display contraction (or bulge) perpendicular to the morphing direction are desired. Restraining the Poisson’s contraction (or bulge) of a “conventional” cellular honeycomb results in the effective axial stiffness in the morphing direction increasing by over an order of magnitude. This paper proposes “hybrid” and “accordion” cellular honeycombs, where regular cells (with positive cell angle) and auxetic cells (with negative cell angle) are combined so as to provide large strain capability in one direction (the morphing direction) together with zero Poisson’s ratio. Cellular material theory is extended to allow for the analysis of such hybrid and accordion cellular honeycombs, and the results are validated using the Finite Element code ANSYS. Thereafter, the properties and behavior of the hybrid and accordion zero Poisson’s ratio cellular honeycombs are thoroughly examined vis-a-vis conventional cellular honeycombs which have single cell-type.
Thin film growth of epitaxial gadolinium oxide, gadolinium yttrium oxide, and gadolinium cerium oxide by electrodeposition

Abstract Thin films of gadolinium oxide, gadolinium yttrium oxide, and gadolinium cerium oxide were electrodeposited from non-aqueous baths. The films were on the order of 15 nm thick, and were grown epitaxially on textured nickel–tungsten substrates. The effect of deposition rate, annealing temperature and secondary metals on crystallinity and crystal orientation was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Slower rates, higher temperatures and low concentrations of yttrium improve the crystallinity of gadolinium oxide films, whereas the introduction of cerium induced polycrystallinity.
Limited Angle 3-D Reconstructions from Continuous and Pinhole Projections

The propagation of errors incurred in 3-D reconstructions with limited angular input performed by deconvolution and matrix inversion algorithms is analyzed. The convergence rate and noise properties of an iterative scheme that utilizes the finite extent of the object to recover the missing Fourier components in deconvolution are studied. Methods are developed to stabilize the performance of the reconstruction algorithms in the presence of noise. An analysis is given for the necessary condition for complete reconstruction in imaging situations involving a number of discrete inputs confined to limited angular range.
Raman scattering and the characterisation of atmospheric aerosol particles

AIRBORNE particulates have a major role in the air pollution problem. They are responsible for acid rain, reduced visibility, and, in certain size ranges, are deposited in the lungs where they can cause various disorders. Considerable effort has been expended in the analysis of these particulates using techniques such as wet chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy and ESCA. Yet there are still great uncertainties as to the chemical form and origin of many of the particulate species. We describe here preliminary studies of the feasibility of characterising particulate pollutants by means of Raman spectroscopy. We believe that this is the first attempt to apply this spectroscopic technique in this area of research. The samples studied included diesel exhaust particles, automobile exhaust particles (unleaded fuel, no catalytic converter) and several ambient air samples. The spectra from these samples were compared with those of polycrystalline graphite and activated carbon which were used as references. Our results indicate that physical structures similar to activated carbon are at least a major species and may be the dominant species in both source-enriched and ambient samples. The implications of this observation could be quite important in terms of atmospheric chemistry, health effects, weather modifications and the effects of aerosols on the albedo.
Nuclear moment of inertia at high spin.

The moment of inertial $\mathcal{I}$ of deformed nuclei increases with increasing angular momentum $I$ in the ground-state rotational band. Recent energy measurements of rare-earth nuclei show that while the increase is smooth at low angular momenta, at about spin 14-16 in a number of nuclei there is a sudden substantial rise in the moment of inertia. In some cases $\mathcal{I}$ rises faster than $I$ so that the rotational frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}=\frac{I}{\mathcal{I}}$ actually decreases with increasing $I$ producing a characteristic backbending $\mathcal{I}$ vs $\ensuremath{\omega}$ curve. A singular behavior at about these spin values was predicted over ten years ago by Mottelson and Valatin as a Coriolis antipairing effect. The present article will discuss the experimental data and describe calculations of the nuclear moment of inertia. Calculations made both before and after the recent experiments will be considered.