cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(Religious) Language and the Decentering Process: McNamara and De Sublimitate on the Ecstatic Effect of Language

This article outlines how the perspective of De Sublimitate concerning the effect of great literature resembles ancient and modern notions of religious experience. To demonstrate this similarity, the article draws on McNamara’s concept of the decentering process in religious experience. This concept of the decentering process serves as a framework for understanding how an encounter with writing that the author deems to be hupsos (“sublime” or “elevated”) has similar decentering effects. The article engages, but also moves slightly beyond, McNamara’s understanding of the role of language in the decentering process. The first part of the article provides an overview of McNamara’s concept of decentering. In particular, it highlights four aspects of the decentering process: (1) the loss of agency; (2) the experience of ecstasy; (3) the role of the emotions; and (4) the cognitive changes that occur during and after the process. The second part of the article demonstrates the presence of similar ideas in De Sublimitate’s discussion of the effects of encountering literature that is characterized as hupsos. The concluding section considers how this reading of De Sublimitate aids in an understanding of the relationship between religious texts and religious experience, drawing a connection with Celia Deutsch’s concept of “text work” as religious experience.
Introduction: Seeing Like a (Colonial) State

The year 1911 was a momentous one for the British Raj in India. A new viceroy with tremendous foreign policy experience, diplomatic tact, and powerful intellect was bringing his skills to bear in his first full year in turbulent India. Lord Hardinge, Viceroy of India from 1910–1916, was the perfect high official to navigate the Government of India through India’s troubled waters. With his long experience as a diplomat in some of the era’s most difficult foreign policy arenas, such as Egypt, the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and Russia, he had learned to seek solutions that satisfied opposing viewpoints while maintaining his country’s primary requirements. His special skills were needed now more than ever in an India divided by anti-colonial agitation that threatened British security in the region. Problems had been exacerbated greatly by Lord Curzon’s 1905 partition of Bengal, which communally divided the province into a Hindu west and a Muslim east. Hardinge’s appointment as viceroy hinted that India’s disastrous colonial status quo would soon undergo modification, perhaps as early as the end of the year when a significant event would occur. George V, the new king-emperor, planned to travel to India for an extremely rare royal tour that would culminate in a grand imperial durbar, a royal assemblage, held in the ancient city of Delhi. Two previous durbars — Victoria’s in 1877 and Edward’s in 1903 — had been staged in the city because it was popularly recognized as one of India’s most important historical seats of empire. But George’s would surpass them both in size and pageantry.1
Activated kinetics in a nonequilibrium thermal bath

Changing rates of activated transitions with changing temperature is at the heart of the theory of chemical reactions. It is commonly expressed by the Arrhenius law, which asserts that reactions overcoming a potential (activation) barrier slow down as temperature is lowered. The reason is that each activated event occurs by drawing, by a random fluctuation, the kinetic energy from the surrounding heat bath to overcome the barrier of the potential energy. The probability of such a fluctuation decreases with cooling, thus slowing the kinetics down. In this established paradigm, temperature is a thermodynamic equilibrium parameter, constant across the sample, something that is only controlled by adding or subtracting heat from the entire macroscopic vessel in which the experiment is performed. In PNAS, Craven and Nitzan (1) explore what happens if this standard picture is modified to allow different parts of the reacting system, the reactants and products, to possess different temperatures. How can temperature be different between reactants and products? From the macroscopic perspective, any heat flow should be associated with a temperature gradient; the two quantities are connected by the Kapitza thermal resistance (2). Therefore, any reaction with the thermal heat flow between the reactants and products will produce a temperature gradient between them. This is the configuration that Craven and Nitzan (1) put forward by considering the reactants and products at their corresponding temperatures T R and T P (Fig. 1). In contrast to the standard formulation of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, where only the chemically reacting subsystem is far from the equilibrium and the bath (which is the source or sink of thermal energy) is fully equilibrated (3), one arrives at the picture of chemical reactions occurring in a nonequilibrium thermal bath. Fig. 1. ( Upper ) Electron transfer between the donor and acceptor held at temperatures T R and T P , … [↵][1]1Email: dmitrym{at}asu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Active localization with dynamic obstacles

This paper addresses the problem of robot global localization in a known environment, in the presence of many dynamic obstacles. Deploying a robot in crowded spaces such as museums, shopping malls, department stores, or university campuses is especially challenging because the moving people occlude the static parts of the environment, such as walls and doorways, making the robot essentially blind. A new weighting function is proposed for a particle filter state estimation algorithm that accounts for the presence of dynamic obstacles and avoids population depletion. An active localization strategy is employed which guides the robot to locations that resolve ambiguities and eliminate hypotheses in a systematic manner. Experimental results from multiple simulations and from real robot deployments validate the localization improvements achieved by the proposed method.
Beyond bronchitis: a review of the congenital and acquired abnormalities of the bronchus

Anomalies of the bronchus can be both congenital and acquired. Several different congenital aberrations of the bronchial anatomy are commonly encountered including tracheal bronchus, accessory cardiac bronchus, and bronchial agenesis/aplasia/hypoplasia. In addition, Williams-Campbell syndrome and cystic fibrosis are two other congenital conditions that result in bronchial pathology. Acquired pathology affecting the bronchi can typically be divided into three broad categories of bronchial disease: bronchial wall thickening, dilatation/bronchiectasis, and obstruction/stenosis. Bronchial wall thickening is the common final response of the airways to irritants, which cause the bronchi to become swollen and inflamed. Bronchiectasis/bronchial dilatation can develop in response to many aetiologies, including acquired conditions such as infection, pulmonary fibrosis, recurrent or chronic aspiration, as well as because of congenital conditions such as cystic fibrosis. The causes of obstruction and stenosis are varied and include foreign body aspiration, acute aspiration, tracheobronchomalacia, excessive dynamic airway collapse, neoplasm, granulomatous disease, broncholithiasis, and asthma. Knowledge of normal bronchial anatomy and its congenital variants is essential for any practicing radiologist. It is the role of the radiologist to identify common imaging patterns associated with the various categories of bronchial disease and provide the ordering clinician a useful differential diagnosis tailored to the patient’s clinical history and imaging findings. Teaching Points • Bronchial disorders are both congenital and acquired in aetiology. • Bronchial disease can be divided by imaging appearance: wall thickening, dilatation, or obstruction. • Bronchial wall thickening is the common final response of the airways to irritants. • Imaging patterns must be recognised and the differential diagnosis tailored for patient management.
Healthcare-Associated Infections in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Prolonged Intensive Care Unit Stay.

Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are responsible for many deaths of hospitalized patients each year. Patients with prolonged hospitalization are at high risk for HAIs. Increased efforts have been made to decrease these infections, but a recent report from the Centers for Disease Control suggests that some HAIs may be increasing. We hypothesized that HAIs would remain frequent among cardiac surgery patients with prolonged intensive care unit stay and would be associated with increased mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult cardiac surgery patients with prolonged intensive care unit stay (more than 7 days) over a 3-year period. Mortality differences were calculated based on whether particular HAIs occurred. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine risk factors associated with the development of HAI. The relationship between HAI and mortality was estimated using propensity score adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results Of 2,595 patients, 388 (15.0%) had a prolonged intensive care unit stay. Of these patients, 48.5% had at least one HAI. Unadjusted inhospital mortality for patients with HAI was 28.7%, versus 13.0% for patients without. Red blood cell transfusion was associated with increased HAI risk. After propensity score adjustment, surgical site infection and central line associated blood stream infection were associated with increased mortality. The HAIs caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus sp, methicillin-resistant Stapholococcus aureus , and multidrug-resistant organisms appeared to be associated with disproportionally high mortality. Conclusions Healthcare-associated infections remain frequent among cardiac surgery patients with prolonged intensive care unit stay and are associated with increased mortality. Evidence-based strategies are needed to reduce these infections.
Synergistic efficacy of ultrasound, sonosensitizers and chemotherapy: a review

Chemotherapeutic agents, either in the form of systemically injected free drug or encapsulated in nanoparticles transport vehicles, must overcome three main obstacles prior to reaching and interacting with their intended target inside tumor cells. Drugs must leave the circulation, overcome the tissue–tumor barrier and penetrate the cell's plasma membrane. Since, many agents enter the cell by endocytosis, they must avoid entrapment and degradation by the intracellular endolysosome complex. Ultrasound has demonstrated potential to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by reducing these barriers. The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential of ultrasound in combination with sonosensitizers to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by optimizing the anticancer agent's intracellular ability to engage and interact with its target.
Prospects for Rational Control of Nanocrystal Shape Through Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) and Related Approaches

This chapter describes the use of colloidal successive ionic layer addition as an additive growth method to form inorganic colloidal nanocrystals with controlled shapes. Rational design of nanocrystal dimensions and layer thicknesses in nanocrystal heterostructures is important to many current and anticipated uses of nanocrystals in optoelectronics, energy conversion, and fluorescence imaging. One approach to shape control is the use of a series of self-limiting surface reactions to build up crystals one atomic layer at a time. This approach is especially applicable to nanocrystals made of binary ionic or polar-covalent crystalline compounds, as are found in colloidal quantum dots (QDs). The intrinsic symmetry present in colloidal nanocrystal nuclei can be suppressed to enforce conformal layer growth or harnessed to promote regioselective growth. We specifically discuss two families of methods that are colloidal analogues of vapor-source atomic layer deposition. In colloidal successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (colloidal SILAR) , reagents are introduced to a nanocrystal solution in metered doses corresponding to the total surface area. In colloidal atomic layer deposition (colloidal ALD), reagents are added in excess, and unreacted reagent is subsequently separated and removed. An extensive literature exists on the use of colloidal SILAR to form nominally isotropic core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with high photoluminescence quantum yield. Colloidal ALD has been introduced more recently. There is increasing interest in applying both methods to the formation of anisotropic nanocrystal heterostructures, both through deposition of conformal layers on anisotropic substrates and through controlled anisotropic growth. We review the historical development of these methods, common precursors, and recent developments in monitoring of reaction progress and mechanisms. We also present contemporary examples of isotropic and anisotropic growth, and prospects for future development in the context of several representative applications including cell membrane voltage measurements and fluorescence anisotropy.
Turbulent mixing and fluid transport within Florida Bay seagrass meadows

Abstract Seagrasses serve an important function in the ecology of Florida Bay, providing critical nursery habitat and a food source for a variety of organisms. They also create significant benthic structure that induces drag, altering local hydrodynamics that can influence mixing and nutrient dynamics. Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadows were investigated to determine how shoot density and morphometrics alter local wave conditions, the generation of turbulence, and fluid exchange above and within the canopy. Sparsely vegetated and densely vegetated meadows were monitored, with shoot densities of 259 ± 26 and 484 ± 78 shoots m−2, respectively. The temporal and spatial structure of velocity and turbulence were measured using acoustic Doppler velocimeters and an in situ particle image velocimetry (PIV) system positioned both above and within the seagrass canopy. The retention of fluid within the canopy was determined by examining e-folding times calculated from the concentration curves of dye plumes released within the seagrass canopy. Results show that a shear layer with an inflection point develops at the top of the seagrass canopy, which generates instabilities that impart turbulence into the seagrass meadow. Compared to the overlying water column, turbulence was enhanced within the sparse canopy due to flow interaction with the seagrass blades, but reduced within the dense canopy. Wave generated oscillatory motion penetrated deeper into the canopy than unidirectional currents, enhancing fluid exchange. Both shoot density and the relative magnitude of wave- versus current-driven flow conditions were found to be important controls on turbulent exchange of water masses across the canopy-water interface.
Education: The Hidden Injuries of Class Begin in Earnest

In this chapter, I start to delve deeply into the hidden injuries of class. Sennett and Cobb argue that members of the working class experience hidden injuries of class—frustration, anger, and bitterness—during their search for dignity in a capitalist society, because in such an economic system the working class are denied their fair share of self-worth (badges of ability based on educational credentials and occupational prestige). We will explore in this chapter my experiences with the educational system and its effects on my developing self-confidence (a central indicator of the overall effects of the injuries that research suggests can cause anger). We will also see how my parents’ and peers’ attitudes toward education—their “cultural capital”—are crucial for understanding how working-class kids get working-class jobs (Willis. Learning to Labor: How Working-Class Kids Get Working-Class Jobs. Aldershot: Gower, 1981). My early years attending a Catholic elementary school, and then a vocationally oriented high school, will be explored for their benefits and drawbacks. Finally, two important concepts will be brought into the discussion: “tracking” and the “hidden curriculum.” Clearly, I was on track to reproduce my parents’ social class position until a major turning point in my life, the divorce from my first wife (the “I” being important for this kind of research; see Ellis. Final Negotiations: A Story of Love, Loss, and Chronic Illness. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995 and Ellis. The Ethnographic I: A Methodological Novel About Auto-Ethnography. Walnut Creek: Alta Mira Press, 2004), which set me onto a new career path.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy — assessment and management of toxicities

Immunotherapy using T cells genetically engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is rapidly emerging as a promising new treatment for haematological and non-haematological malignancies. CAR-T-cell therapy can induce rapid and durable clinical responses, but is associated with unique acute toxicities, which can be severe or even fatal. Cytokine-release syndrome (CRS), the most commonly observed toxicity, can range in severity from low-grade constitutional symptoms to a high-grade syndrome associated with life-threatening multiorgan dysfunction; rarely, severe CRS can evolve into fulminant haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Neurotoxicity, termed CAR-T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES), is the second most-common adverse event, and can occur concurrently with or after CRS. Intensive monitoring and prompt management of toxicities is essential to minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with this potentially curative therapeutic approach; however, algorithms for accurate and consistent grading and management of the toxicities are lacking. To address this unmet need, we formed a CAR-T-cell-therapy-associated TOXicity (CARTOX) Working Group, comprising investigators from multiple institutions and medical disciplines who have experience in treating patients with various CAR-T-cell therapy products. Herein, we describe the multidisciplinary approach adopted at our institutions, and provide recommendations for monitoring, grading, and managing the acute toxicities that can occur in patients treated with CAR-T-cell therapy.
A Comparative Analysis of Access to Education for Students with Disabilities in Brazil, Canada, and South Africa.

Abstract Access to education for children with disabilities remains a significant challenge in many countries despite international agreement of its importance. This paper describes results from a ...
How to Study Sudden Cardiac Death as an Endpoint in Congestive Heart Failure Trials

Heart failure is a common problem affecting as many as two million Americans and as many as 200,000 die annually (1). The prevalence of heart failure seems to be increasing as the prevalence of stroke and myocardial infarction decreases. Patients referred to programs specializing in heart failure have a mortality rate of about 50% in the first year of follow-up. Recently, we reviewed 13 studies of mortality in heart failure and found that 48% of 1491 patients died during a follow-up that averaged slightly over one year (2). In these studies, the fraction of deaths that are sudden, i.e., were thought to occur within one hour of terminal symptoms, was about 45%. The reports of such a large proportion of deaths that are sudden has led to the speculation that many of these deaths are caused by ventricular arrhythmias. Also, awareness that so many deaths are sudden in patients with heart failure has led to speculation that treatment that is effective in controlling arrhythmias will reduce mortality. These speculations have yet to be proven.
Mental Health and Rehabilitation Issues in the Employment of Women

Gender roles stereotyping involves expectations about how people should behave based on gender. Gender roles stereotyping begins at birth for boys and girls and often limits people’s alternatives. Parents communicate differently with their sons and daughters; both parents and teachers vary in their expectations of girls and boys (Lott, 1994). Although pre-adolescent boys tend to feel more heavily pressured by sex role stereotypes than girls do (Pogrebin, 1980), both males and females view female sex role characteristics (nurturing, supportive, emotional) as less desirable than male characteristics (powerful, courageous, strong). Research suggests that at adolescence girls tend to become more hesitant, doubtful, and afraid to trust their own perceptions (Brown & Gilligan, 1992). Gender sex role stereotyping creates disadvantages for women in several areas. Our culture gives women the message that they must be very thin, girlish, and passive. The media is full of portrayals of women as decorative objects that active men admire or act upon (Kaschak, 1992). Many women spend a great deal of time and energy worrying about their appearances, and the goal of the perfect body contributes to mental health problems such as anorexia and bulimia. Women with mental health problems may have particular difficulties
Repeat-Breeder Females in Beef Cattle: Influences and Causes1,2

Straightbred and crossbred heifers (165) and cows (241) that were nonpregnant after exposure to fertile bulls for two consecutive breeding periods of 45 to 60 d (repeat breeders) and contemporary cows (102) that had produced a calf in the previous calving season (controls) were placed with bulls and were observed for mating. Repeat-breeder and control females were slaughtered at 2 to 51 d postmating. Data were accumulated over 4 yr. From previous calving records, repeat breeders had more (P<.05) calving difficulty than controls. Percentages of females with anatomical aberrations or anovulation were 10.9 and 3.6, and 0 and 2.9, respectively, for repeatbreeder and control females. Repeat breeders had fewer (P<.01) normal embryos and higher (P<.01) nonreeovery rates of an embryo or oocyte than controls. Precentages of normal, degenerate, unfertilized, or nonrecoveries were 42.3, 8.9, 8.0 and 40.8, and 76.8, 9.1, 6.0 and 8.1 for repeat breeders and controls, respectively. Repeat breeders had fewer (P<.01) 1-to 3-ram follicles than controls (25.4 and 36.5, respectively). On d 6 postmating, controls had higher (P<.O1) serum progesterone concentrations than repeat-breeders (2.7 vs 1.8 ng/ml, respectively). Chromosome aberrations were found in lymphocytes of 19 of 133 (14.3%) repeat-breeders. Increased anatomical aberrations of the reproductive tract, increased anovulations, lower recovery rate of an oocyte or embryo, lower progesterone concentrations at d 6, fewer 1to 3~mm follicles and increased chromosomal abnormatilities are possible causes for lower fertility in repeat-breeder females. (
Ensuring the Safety of Commercial Space Transportation through Standardization: Implications of the Chicago Convention and ICAO Standards

Abstract Commercial space transportation (CST) will occur in the foreseeable future. After the success of Virgin Galactic's first suborbital commercial human spaceflight in 2004, many believed that our generation will explore another frontier of technology. Despite technological advancements, however, the international law currently in place is not prepared to regulate and secure the safety of CST including human spaceflights. Previous legal studies mainly focused on finding ways to accommodate CST under existing international laws, air law, or space law regime. Nevertheless, more than fifty years of legal discussion have yet to yield a decisive solution. Against the odds, CST will commence its business sooner or later. While national laws would be sufficient in many CST operations, some operations (e.g., international flight) would require international rules to secure a safe CST operation akin to what the aviation community developed for international air transport. That mechanism is encompassed in the technical standards created by the International Civil Aviation Organization. In this respect, this study aims to analyze a way to generate internationally harmonized technical standards on CST activities, with or without achieving an international law for CST. First, the article analyzes past legal discussion to understand the landscape of future aerospace activities. Then, the study reviews the history of the international aviation legal regime to find the implications of creating internationally harmonized technical standards for CSTs. The study suggests to the international community first, to forge a common ground across countries and second, that qualitative (not quantitative) international technical standards should arise based on this mutual understanding.
A temperature-dependent dynamic rearrangement of cis-(R,S)-[Pd(egta)]2– (egta4–=glycine, N,N′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[N-carboxymethyl]) in aqueous solution

The cis-(R,S)-[Pd(egta)]2– complex, egta4–=glycine, N,N′-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[N-carboxymethyl]), has been examined by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. methods over the 18.0 to 95.0°C range in D2O. A dynamic process occurs above 65°C which makes the protons on the NCH2 functionalities of the egta tether become 1H-n.m.r. equivalent. The two states that interconvert coalesce at 81°C. Evidence from 13C-n.m.r. spectra obtained at 81°C show that the in-plane coordinated carboxylates are not lost, but rather a pendant carboxylate becomes attached with loss of the central imino donor. The resultant palladium(II)NO3 intermediate is able to reform cis-(R,S)-[Pd(egta)]2– or, presumably, give trans-(R,R)-[Pd(egta)]2–. The rate limiting step occurs with a rate constant of 178s–1 at 81°C and an activation energy of 20.5kJ/mol. However, competitive aquation of glycinato donors above 85°C prevents isolation of a stable trans-(R,R)-[Pd(egta)]2– isomer.
A Systematic Review on the Use of Sacubitril/Valsartan Initiated Prior to Discharge in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure.

Objective: Systematically review the evidence of sacubitril/valsartan initiated in the hospital setting prior to discharge in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF). Data Sources: A l...
Using Existing Spacecraft towards Long Baselines in VLBI

Very-long baseline interferometry (VLBI) allows for exceptionally high-resolution imaging in radio astronomy. Ultimately the angular resolution of radio interferometers and telescopes is determined by the separation between antennas in the array. Building on this fundamental concept, potential uses of existing spacecraft radio systems for VLBI are explored. Coherent observations performed between ground radio telescopes (GRT) and spacecraft require stringent drift tolerances for timing and synchronization between the GRT and spacecraft. Observed data using the spacecraft antenna is then recorded and stored on-board before downlink. Among candidate spacecraft, a promising contender and focus of this paper is New Horizons. Currently at a distance greater than 45 AU, New Horizons offers an outstanding baseline for astronomical radio observation and provides necessary, configurable instrumentation for performing an extended baseline observation in conjunction with a GRT or other spacecraft. Communications with New Horizons are synchronized with a 30 MHz clock signal using an ultra-stable oscillator (USO), providing an exceptional Allan Deviation of $3\times 10^{-13}$ per one second integration time. Of the instruments on-board New Horizons, the Radio Science Experiment (REX) is of particular interest for its potential towards VLBI application. Developed for atmospheric measurements during occultations between the 7.182 GHz uplink from the 70 meter NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) antenna and Pluto/Charon, REX also successfully performed axial radiometric measurements of the Cygnus-A and Cassiopeia-A galaxies using the New Horizons high-gain antenna (HGA). The REX instrument's infusion with the New Horizons HGA allows for any radio measurement to be recorded, stored on-board, and ultimately to be downlinked to the DSN. For VLBI, New Horizons could receive command data for timed three-dimensional alignment synchronous to a ground-based observation. The observed data would then be recorded, downlinked, correlated, and processed for synthesized imaging. Using New Horizons for VLBI would be a proof-of-concept. With a fixed observation frequency, narrow bandwidth and receiver sensitivity of −177 dBm, New Horizons is limited as an extension for long-baseline radio interferometry. Given these restrictions, a successful VLBI measurement using New Horizons would still result in the highest angular resolution for any radio observation ever, at an astonishing 1.34 nanoarcseconds. Expanding the applications of New Horizons to VLBI observations encourages collaboration within the growing infrastructure for space-based astronomy.
Measurement of scintillation and ionization yield with high-pressure gaseous mixtures of Xe and TMA for improved neutrinoless double beta decay and dark matter searches

The gaseous Xenon(Xe) time projection chamber (TPC) is an attractive detector technique for neutrinoless double beta decay and WIMP dark matter searches. While it is less dense compared to Liquid Xe detectors, it has intrinsic advantages in tracking capability and better energy resolution. The performance of gaseous Xe can be further improved by molecular additives such as trimethylamine(TMA), which is expected to (1) cool down the ionization electrons, (2) convert Xe excitation energy to TMA ionizations through Penning transfer, and (3) produce scintillation and electroluminescence light in a more easily detectable wavelength (300 nm). In order to test the feasibility of the performance improvements with TMA, we made the first direct measurement of Penning and fluorescence transfer efficiency with gaseous mixtures of Xe and TMA. While we observed a Penning transfer efficiency up to ~35%, we found strong suppression of primary scintillation light with TMA. We also found that the primary scintillation light with Xe and TMA mixture can be well characterized by ~3% fluorescence transfer from Xe to TMA, with further suppression due to TMA self-quenching. No evidence of the scintillation light produced by recombination of TMA ions was found. This strong suppression of scintillation light makes dark matter searches quite challenging, while the possibility of improved neutrinoless double beta decay searches remains open. This work has been carried out within the context of the NEXT collaboration.
A discrete/continuous time resource competition model and its implications.

We use a mixed time model to study the dynamics of a system consisting of two consumers that reproduce only in annual birth pulses, possibly at different times, with interaction limited to competit...
Low-Cost, Balle-Flygare-Type Cavity Fourier Transform Microwave Spectrometer and Pure Rotational Spectroscopy Laboratory for Teaching Physical Chemistry and Astronomy

Few laboratory exercises exist that introduce undergraduate students to both the concepts and instrumentation used in rotational spectroscopy. Because of this gap in undergraduate laboratory training, a teaching laboratory for the pure rotational spectroscopy of benzonitrile has been developed and reported. Owing to benzonitrile’s recent discovery in space, the molecular spectroscopic technique and target are applicable to both the physical chemistry and astronomy disciplines. Because of the size of the dipole moment and relative safety of the molecule chosen, the laboratory approach allows undergraduates to directly load, tune, measure, and assign spectra using the same quantum chemical approaches and spectroscopic assigning tools available to a researcher in the field. Concepts taught in this laboratory include the rigid and semirigid rotor, as well as low-level nuclear electric quadrupole coupling Hamiltonians. To minimize the budget and allow the students to get hands-on training with the rotational spectroscopy instrumentation, an interactive, low-cost, Balle-Flygare-type, cavity Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectrometer of research-grade quality was developed and is reported. Implementation of the laboratory exercise, time of exercise, and student response to the exercise is also reported.
Backtracking Adaptive Search

Backtracking adaptive search is a generalization of hesitant adaptive search that not only allows hesitation, but allows the algorithm to backtrack by accepting points with worse objective function values. Backtracking adaptive search is similar to AAS because it allows sampling from the full set S. It is a generalization of PAS and HAS, which both restrict the sampled points to be in the improving region. Backtracking adaptive search differs from AAS in the specific sampling distribution used. The sampling distribution of AAS is a Boltzmann distribution with a temperature parameter that depends on the best objective function value sampled thus far. The sampling distribution of backtracking adaptive search depends on the current objective function value, instead of the best objective function value. It modifies the underlying sampling distribution based on this current value. Backtracking adaptive search is a step toward more realistic algorithms, like simulated annealing, because it allows the sampling distribution to change as the algorithm accepts improving and non-improving points.
Internally and Externally Composite Monodispersed Colloid Particles

Composite colloidal particles represent systems of interest in numerous applications and they also offer challenging problems, which have yet to be resolved. The availability of uniform dispersions is an obvious prerequisite in order to quantify phenomena related to the functions and properties of such materials.
Quick and Nimble: Lessons from Leading CEOs on How to Create a Culture of Innovation

Review of Bryant's Quick and Nimble: Lessons from Leading CEOs on How to Create a Culture of Innovation.
Characterizations of spectra with -injective cohomology which satisfy the Brown-Gitler property

We work in the stable homotopy category ofp{complete connective spectra having mod p homology of nite type. H(X) means cohomology with Z=p coecients, and is a left module over the Steenrod algebraA. A spectrum Z is called spacelike if it is a wedge summand of a suspension spectrum, and a spectrum X satises the Brown{Gitler property if the natural map (X;Z)! HomA(H(Z);H(X)) is onto, for all spacelike Z. It is known that there exist spectra T (n) satisfying the Brown{Gitler prop- erty, and with H(T (n)) isomorphic to the injective envelope of H(S n )i n the categoryU of unstableA{modules. Call a spectrum X standard if it is a wedge of spectra of the form L^ T (n), where L is a stable wedge summand of the classifying space of some elementary abelian p{group. Such spectra haveU{injective cohomology, and allU{injectives appear in this way. Working directly with the two properties of T (n) stated above, we clarify and extend earlier work by many people on Brown{Gitler spectra. Our main theorem is that, if X is a spectrum withU{injective cohomology, the following conditions are equivalent: (A) there exists a spectrum Y whose cohomology is a reducedU{injective, and a map X!Y that is epic in cohomology, (B) there exists a spacelike spectrum Z ,a nd am apX!Z that is epic in cohomology, (C) : 11 X ! X is monic in cohomology, (D) X satises the Brown{ Gitler property, (E) X is spacelike, (F) X is standard. (M2Uis reduced if it has no nontrivial submodule which is a suspension.) As an application, we prove that the Snaith summands of 2 S 3 are Brown{ Gitler spectra { a new result for the most interesting summands at odd primes. Another application combines the theorem with the second author's work on the Whitehead conjecture. Of independent interest, enroute to proving that (B) implies (C), we prove that the homology suspension has the following property: if an n{connected space X admits a map to an n{fold suspension that is monic in mod p homol- ogy, then : nn X!X is onto in mod p homology.
How teachers’ autobiographies influence their responses to children's behaviors

Abstract Psychoanalytic theory postulates that an individual's forgotten past can shape his or her behavior in the present. In psychotherapy, clients relive past conflicts and direct them toward their therapists in the present. This phenomenon, known as transference, is not limited to treatment considerations, but influences all interpersonal interactions. However, the professional literature has given minimal consideration to the importance of transference for understanding classroom dynamics. This and a companion article focus upon how transference shapes relationships between teachers and students by integrating narrative case studies with a literature review. However, the ideas and examples are thought to be relevant for all mental health and educational workers with children. The article provides an overview of transference concepts as they emerge in the context of clinical psychoanalysis and human development with implications for classroom life.
ENDOGENOUS PROTEASE ACTIVITY IN BY-PRODUCTS OF PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA)

Hydrolysate production is a low-cost method of preservation that could be employed to decrease the amount of fish by-products discarded by Alaska's salmon industry. However, endogenous enzymes within salmon vary with spawning maturity, and must be controlled in the raw material to ensure a consistent hydrolysate. Differences in proteolytic activities were found among tissue groups (fillets, heads, livers and viscera) in male and female adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) harvested at three different levels of spawning maturity. Changes in protease levels may have implications for processing hydrolysates when pink salmon of different maturity levels are used. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Proteases and other enzymes commonly found in raw fish can interfere with production of a consistent hydrolysate. This study demonstrated that endogenous proteases in pink salmon varied among different tissues as the fish moved from ocean to river environments for spawning. Variation in proteolytic activities among fish tissues will have implications for processors who use different maturity levels of pink salmon to produce hydrolysates, since by-products from a roe-stripped carcass will contain different protease levels than by-products taken from ocean-harvested salmon.
The neurotoxicants strychnine and bicuculline protect renal proximal tubules from mitochondrial inhibitor-induced cell death.

Abstract Glycine-induced cytoprotection of renal proximal tubules exposed to chemical- or hypoxic/anoxic-induced cell death is shared by a few amino acid agonists of the neuronal strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor. The goal of this study was to determine if antagonists of the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor attenuated the cytoprotective effects of glycine. Strychnine did not antagonize the cytoprotective effects of glycine in proximal tubules exposed to antimycin A. In contrast, strychnine was cytoprotective, was equipotent as glycine (EC 50 =0.4 mM), and the combination of strychnine and glycine was additive. Likewise, bicuculline and norharmane were cytoprotective but 20–50% less potent than glycine. These results suggest that glycine and strychnine act at a common site to produce proximal tubule cytoprotection, but this site does not share the same potency and agonist/antagonist properties as the neuronal strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor.
Malnutrition as a predictor of poor postoperative outcomes in gynecologic cancer patients

Poor nutritional status has been associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if decreased nutritional parameters correlate with increased postoperative complications regardless of other risk factors in the gynecologic cancer patient. A retrospective chart review was performed among women who underwent surgical management for gynecologic malignancies from October 2006 to June 2008. Variables included age, race, medical comorbidities, cancer type/stage, preoperative albumin, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and body mass index (BMI), estimated blood loss (EBL), intraoperative blood transfusion (BT), intraoperative or postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, hospital readmissions, reoperations, and cancer recurrence. Three hundred gynecologic oncology patients with preoperative nutritional parameters were included in the study. Decreased albumin was significantly associated with more postoperative complications (p < 0.001), hospital readmissions (p = 0.01), reoperations (p = 0.03), ICU admissions (p < 0.001), and cancer recurrence (p < 0.001). Decreased ALC and BMI preoperatively was also significantly associated with higher incidence of cancer recurrence (p = 0.01, p = 0.01). Surgical cases involving increased EBL (p = 0.01, p < 0.001) and more BT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) had significantly more postoperative complications and more ICU admissions. Multivariable logistic regression found preoperative albumin to be an independent predictor of increased postoperative complications. Decreased albumin is significantly associated with more postoperative complications, hospital readmissions, reoperations, ICU admissions, and cancer recurrence. This nutritional parameter is an important predictor of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is important to assess nutritional status preoperatively and offer nutritional support or alternate treatment options if necessary.
Pressure and Temperature Jump Studies of Protein

A pressure-jump apparatus, built according to the general plan of Strehlow and Becker, has been used to study the rate of conformational changes in bovine plasma albumin (BPA) in the pH range 2.0–3.8 in chloride, thiocyanate and perchlorate media. The relaxation behavior in all three media can be described by an equation of te form: ΔR = r1 exp (- t/τ1) + r2 · exp (- t/τ2) where r1 and r2 are constants and ΔR is the change in resistance measured conductimetrically. Both relaxation times are independent of BPA concentration and are strongly pH dependent with τ1 showing a pH maximum. The BPA molecule bears a lower net charge at any given pH in thiocyanate and perchlorate media since these ions are much strongly bound than is chloride. The simplest mechanism consistent with these results involves a stepwise conversion of an expandable form A to an expanded form C via an intermediate B. A temperature-jump apparatus, built following Eigen's design, has been used to study the kinetics of binding of various ligands to the heme iron of sperm whale metmyoglobin. The relaxation times for solutions of myoglobin containing imidazole and azide are concentration dependent and, since the equilibrium constants have been determined, the rate constants can be calculated. In the pH range 6 to 8, the bimolecular reactions are much slower than diffusion controlled reactions. Eine Drucksprungapparatur, die nach der allgemeinen Methode von Strehlow und Becker gebaut wurde, wurde benutzt, um die Geschwindigkeit der Konformationsanderungen von Bovin Plasma Albumin (BPA) in Chlorid, Thiocyanat und Perchloratlosung im pH-Bereich 2,0–3,8 zu messen. Das Relaxationsverhalten kann in allen drei Medien mit einer Gleichung von der Form ΔR = r1 · exp (-t/τ1) + r2 · exp (-t/τ2) beschrieben werden. Dabei sind r1 und r2 Konstanten und Δ R ist die Widerstandsanderung, welche konduktometrisch gemessen wird. Beide Relaxationszeiten sind unabhangig von der BPA-Konzentration, aber stark abhangig vom pH, wobei τ1 ein Maximum in diesem Bereich durchlauft. Das BPA-Molekul besitzt bei allen pH-Werten in Thiocyanat und Perchloratlosung eine niedrigere Ladung, da diese Ionen viel starker als Chlorid gebunden werden. Der einfachste Mechanismus, der diese Ergebnisse beschreibt, stellt eine stufenweise Umwandlung einer streckbaren Konfiguration A uber eine Zwischenform B zur gestreckten Konfiguration C dar. Eine Temperatursprungapparatur, die nach der Methode von Eigen gebaut wurde, wurde zur Untersuchung der Kinetik der Bindung verschiedener Liganden an das Eisen der Haemgruppe des Pottwalmetmyoglobin benutzt. Die Relaxationszeiten fur Myoglobinlosungen, die Imidazol und Azid enthalten, sind konzentrationsunabhangig. Da die Gleichgewichtskonstanten bestimmt wurden, konnen die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten berechnet werden. Im pH-Bereich von 6–8 sind die bimolekularer Reaktionen viel langsamer als diffusionsbestimmte Reaktionen.
Co oxidation on Pd/Al2O3. Transient response and rate enhancement through forced concentration cycling

Catalytic oxidation of CO over Pd/Al,Oa was studied with a novel monolithic reactor, with inside the reactor detection of reactants and products. Periodic switching of the feed between CO/N, and 0,/N2 resulted in time-averaged rates which were more than 40 times the maximum achievable steady-state rate. To our knowledge, these enhancement factors are the highest ever observed for any reaction-catalyst system. Mapping the time-averaged reaction rates in the cycle time+-CO duty fraction plane resulted in a unique global maximum at each temperature and flow rate. The ratio of optimum periodic operation rate to steady-state rate does not increase monotonically with decreasing temperature but exhibits a maximum. Transient response experiments show the presence of more than one type of surface species of CO and oxygen taking part in the reaction. While the transient responses for CO and oxygen pretreated catalysts are similar in appearance, step-up and step-down responses to and from the steady state are not. The implications of these observations in terms of the possible surface processes are discussed.
Modulating macroautophagy: a neuronal perspective

Over this past decade, macroautophagy has gained prominence in the field of adult-onset neurodegeneration: from sporadic disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, to genetic disorders such as Huntington’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, the influence of this fundamental pathway has become an important topic of discussion. While there has been particular emphasis on the potential benefits of macroautophagy, there is growing literature that also suggests that macroautophagy contributes towards neurotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of macroautophagy and the currently available pharmacological tools, with special emphasis on mammalian macroautophagy in adult brain. Studies indicate that neuronal context strongly influences the role macroautophagy plays in maintaining cellular health, reflecting an ongoing need for better understanding of how macroautophagic regulation is achieved in the heavily differentiated and polarized neurons if we are to effectively manipula...
Book Review: Common Lisp: A Tutorial by Wendy Milner (Prentice-Hall)

According to the author, this book is intended to be used by people that are interested in learning Common Lisp. A prior knowledge of Common Lisp programming is not assumed.
K-shell X-ray production in vanadium, cobalt, copper, molybdenum and silver by low velocity protons

Abstract K-shell X-ray production cross sections have been measured for thick foil targets of V, Co, Cu, Mo, and Ag at incident proton beam energies of 75 to 550 keV. The overall agreement of these cross sections with previous work is generally within the experimental uncertainty. The K-shell X-ray production cross sections are compared with the predictions of the energy-loss Coulomb-deflection, perturbed stationary state relativistic (ECPSSR) theory.