cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology findings from a case of pancreatic heterotopia at the gastroesophageal junction

Pancreatic heterotopia is a well-recognized entity occurring at a variety of sites in the gastrointestinal tract. However, only a handful of patients have been described with this abnormality at the gastroesophageal junction. Cytologic descriptions of pancreatic heterotopia in general are scant in the literature. We report the cytologic findings of ectopic pancreatic tissue at the gastroesophageal junction in a 41-year-old female, which was initially identified by endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration. Cytologic examination of Papanicolaou-stained smears revealed clusters of benign-appearing ducts and small acini mixed with inflammatory cells. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the Tru-Cut biopsy revealed benign pancreatic tissue. The patient underwent surgical resection due to symptoms related to inflammation of the heterotopic pancreatic tissue. The increasing use of endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors makes the recognition of pseudoneoplastic lesions at unusual sites an important step in optimum patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:175–179. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Distribution of Amino Acids to Internal Tissues After Epidermal Uptake in the Annelid Glycera Dibranchiata

Net uptake rates by Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers of 18 amino acids, each present in artificial sea water at an initial concentration of 1 μmol l −1 , were estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Uptake rates for 14 C-labelled alanine, arginine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine and serine, presented singly at an initial concentration of lμmol l −1 , were estimated by observing disappearance of radioactivity from the ambient solution. Net entry of alanine, arginine, aspartate and serine was estimated by HPLC in parallel samples of the medium. There was no significant difference in the rate of influx of labelled substrate and net entry estimated by HPLC for these amino acids. Ligature of the anterior and posterior ends of the worms did not perceptibly modify rates of uptake. Distribution of radioactivity to the internal and external body wall, coelomocytes, gut and coelomic fluid was observed after 1 h of incubation in lμmol l −1 serine. Rates of exchange of labelled carbon were estimated for all combinations of these internal tissues by taking advantage of morphological features of Glycera . Amino acid pools in each of the tissues of the worms are described, based on HPLC analyses. Internal distribution of radioactivity derived from [ 14 C]serine is compared with total pools based on estimates of tissue volume and the normal serine content of free amino acid pools for each tissue. The distribution of the non-metabolized analogue cycloleucine is also described at the end of 1 h of incubation.
Identification and characterization of Dicer1e, a Dicer1 protein variant, in oral cancer cells

The human dicer1 gene has been predicted to produce several mRNA variants that encode truncated Dicer1 proteins of varying lengths. One of these Dicer1 variants, Dicer1e, was recently found to be differentially expressed in breast cancer cells. Because the expression and function of the Dicer1e protein variant has not been well characterized and the underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are poorly understood, the present study sought to characterize the biological role of Dicer1e and determine its relationship, if any, to OSCC pathogenesis. Western blot analyses were used to examine Dicer1e expression levels in a panel of oral cancer cells/tissues and during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), followed by 5′/3′-RACE analyses to obtain the full-length Dicer1e transcript. Biochemical fractionation and indirect immunofluorescent studies were performed to determine the cellular localization of Dicer1e and the effects of Dicer1e silencing on cancer cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and drug sensitivity were also assessed. Dicer1e protein levels were found to be overexpressed in OSCC cell lines of epithelial phenotype and in OSCC tissues with its levels downregulated during EMT. Moreover, the Dicer1e protein was observed to predominantly localize in the nucleus. 5′/3′-RACE analyses confirmed the presence of the Dicer1e transcript and silencing of Dicer1e impaired both cancer cell proliferation and clonogenicity by inducing either apoptosis and/or G2/M cell cycle arrest. Lastly, Dicer1e knockdown enhanced the chemosensitivity of oral cancer cells to cisplatin. The expression levels of Dicer1e influence the pathogenesis of oral cancer cells and alter their response to chemosensitivity, thus supporting the importance of Dicer1e as a therapeutic target for OSCCs.
The spatial profiles and metabolic capabilities of microbial populations impact the growth of antibiotic-resistant mutants.

Antibiotic resistance adversely affects clinical and public health on a global scale. Using the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we show that increasing the number density of ba...
Vestigial respiratory burst activity in wound macrophages

Macrophages from experimental wounds in rats were tested for their capacity to generate reactive oxygen intermediates. Measurements of superoxide and H2O2release, O 2 − -dependent lucigenin chemilu...
Dissolution and Persistence of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Undersaturated Solutions with Respect to Cupric Solid Phases.

Dissolution of copper-based nanoparticles (NPs) can control their environmental persistence and toxicity. Previous research has generally reported limited dissolution of Cu-based NPs at circumneutral pH, but the environmentally important case of dissolution in solutions that are undersaturated with respect to copper mineral phases has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, immobilized Cu-based NPs were fabricated on solid supports. Metallic copper (Cu), cupric oxide/hydroxide (Cuox), and copper sulfide (CuxS) NPs were investigated. Dissolution rate constants were measured in situ by an atomic force microscope equipped with a flow-through cell. A mass-balance model indicated that the flowing solution was consistently undersaturated with respect to cupric solid phases. Based on the measured rate constants, Cuox NPs are expected to dissolve completely in these undersaturated conditions within a matter of hours, even at neutral to basic pH. The expected persistence of metallic Cu NPs ranges from a f...
Mirador basado en la tecnología Realidad Aumentada para su ubicación en yacimientos arqueológicos

The purpose of this communication is the introduction to the world of the augmented reality for its use in a practical way for conferring value to archaeological sites. In this way, we make a revision of the most significant researches that have been done in this field. Then, we propose the ViewPoint based on the Augmented or Mixed Reality technology: a specific solution for its location in strategic places on archaeological sites. Finally, we conclude showing the added value and advantages that this system provides to the field of archaeology.
Head and Neck Cancer Surgery I: Resection

Head and neck cancers comprise about 3–5 % of all adult cancers. Perioperative care of these patients can be challenging for both surgeon and anesthesiologist often for different reasons. The surgeon seeks to remove the primary cancer as well as does a successful neck dissection to remove diseased lymph nodes while leaving the patient with an appropriate cosmetic and functional outcome. The anesthesiologist seeks to secure a potentially compromised airway safely while maintaining anesthesia with surgical staff working directly around the airway. As emphasized throughout this text, communication between staff from both disciplines allows for a team approach to these cancers.
Optimization of Interior Point Cost Functions Using Indirect Methods

Conventional trajectory optimization methods focus on optimizing objectives defined over the whole trajectory or at the terminal point of the trajectory. Methods for solving cost functionals defined at an interior point have been described by Vinh and Powers in prior work. Such problems, also called minimax or maximin problems, involve the optimization of a cost functional that peaks at some arbitrary point along the trajectory. The method used to solve these problems depends on whether the cost functional forms an isolated peak or a flat peak. A numerical algorithm is developed that identifies the type of peak formed by a cost functional and automatically selects the right method to solve it. The algorithm uses behavior of the time-derivative of the cost functional to assess if it is better modeled as a flat peak or an isolated peak. The algorithm and reasoning that led to its design are demonstrated using two representative optimal control problems.
Contribution of Allelic Genes Ab4 and Ab5 To Formation of Rabbit 7S γ-Globulins.∗

Summary1. A method for quantitative analysis of allotypes is presented, based on successive precipitations of specific allotype from I131-labeled 7S γ-globulin with anti-allotype sera. 2. In the homozygotes or heterozygotes, 80–90% of the γ-globulin molecules have Ab4 or Ab5; 10–20% of the γ-globulin molecules have neither Ab4 nor Ab5. 3. An anti-Ab5 serum giving 2 precipitin bands with Ab5 sera was compared with an anti-Ab5 serum giving one precipitin band and was found to precipitate virtually the same quantity of γ-globulin-I131 (82% vs 80%) from the same γ-globulin preparation. This indicates that the 2 precipitin bands represent cross-reacting antigen-antibody systems. 4. In the heterozygote, 64% of the molecules have Ab4, 27% have Ab5. These quantities are independent of the order of precipitation, indicating that Ab4 and Ab5 are not found on the same γ-globuin molecules but only on separate molecules. The limit of overlap is less than 5%. 5. The question as to why allelic genes do not contribute to...
Predicting the Stability of Fullerene Allotropes Throughout the Periodic Table

We present a systematic, first-principles study of the role of elemental identity in determining electronic, energetic, and geometric properties of representative A28B28, A30B30, and A36B36 III–V (A = B, Al, Ga, or In and B = N, P, or As) and II–VI (A = Zn or Cd and B = S or Se) fullerene allotropes. A simple descriptor comprising electronegativity differences and covalent radii captures the relative fullerene stability with respect to a nanoparticle reference, and we demonstrate transferability to group IV A72 (A = C, Si, or Ge) fullerenes. We identify the source of relative stability of the four- and six-membered-ring-containing A36B36 and A28B28 fullerene allotropes to the less stable, five-membered-ring-containing A30B30 allotrope. Relative energies of hydrogen-passivated single ring models explain why the even-membered ring structures are typically more stable than the A30B30 fullerene, despite analogies to the well-known C60 allotrope. The ring strain penalty in the four-membered ring is comparable ...
A Novel Protein Glycan-Derived Inflammation Biomarker Independently Predicts Cardiovascular Disease and Modifies the Association of HDL Subclasses with Mortality.

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that systemic inflammation may adversely impact HDL function. In this study we sought to evaluate the independent and incremental predictive performance of GlycA-a novel serum inflammatory biomarker that is an aggregate measure of enzymatically glycosylated acute phase proteins-and HDL subclasses on adverse events in a retrospective observational study of a secondary prevention population and to understand a priori defined potential interactions between GlycA and HDL subclasses. METHODS GlycA and HDL subclasses were measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 7617 individuals in the CATHGEN (CATHeterization GENetics) cardiac catheterization biorepository. RESULTS GlycA was associated with presence [odds ratio (OR) 1.07 (1.02-1.13), P = 0.01] and extent [OR 1.08 (1.03, 1.12) P < 0.0005] of coronary artery disease and with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.34 (1.29-1.39), P < 0.0001], cardiovascular mortality [1.37 (1.30-1.45), P < 0.0001] and noncardiovascular mortality [1.46 (1.39-1.54) P < 0.0001] in models adjusted for 10 cardiovascular risk factors. GlycA and smaller HDL subclasses had independent but opposite effects on mortality risk prediction, with smaller HDL subclasses being protective [HR 0.69 (0.66-0.72), P < 0.0001]. There was an interaction between GlycA and smaller HDL subclasses-increasing GlycA concentrations attenuated the inverse association of smaller HDL subclasses with mortality. Adding GlycA and smaller HDL subclasses into the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) and Framingham Heart Study Risk Scores improved mortality risk prediction, discrimination and reclassification. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the interaction of systemic inflammation and HDL with clinical outcomes and may increase precision for clinical risk assessment in secondary prevention populations.
Improved experimental limit on K L → π 0 e + e −

We report on results of a dedicated search for the {ital CP}-violating decay {ital K}{sub {ital L}}{r arrow}{pi}{sup 0}{ital e+}{ital e{minus}}. We have found no evidence for this decay mode and obtain a 90%-confidence upper limit of 5.5{times}10{sup {minus}9} for its branching ratio.
Crystal structures of a novel NNN pincer ligand and its dinuclear titanium(IV) alkoxide pincer complex.

This report describes a synthetic protocols and the crystal structures involving a novel pincer-type H3[NNN] ligand, namely di-μ-bromido-μ-{2-(2,2-di­methylpropanimido­yl)-N-[2-(2,2-di­methyl­propanimido­yl)-4-methyl­phen­yl]-4-methylaniline}-bis­[(diethyl ether)lithium], [Li2Br2(C24H33N3)(C4H10O)2] (1) and a dinuclear metal complex, namely di-μ-bromido-2:3κ4Br:Br-bis­{2-(2,2-di­methylpropanimido­yl)-N-[2-(2,2-di­methyl­propanimido­yl)-4-methyl­phen­yl]-4-methylaniline}-1κ3N,N′,N′′;4κ3N,N′,N′′-tetra-μ-iso­propano­lato-1:2κ4O:O;3:4κ4O:O-diiso­propano­lato-1κO,4κO-2,3-dilithium-1,4-dititanium, [Li2Ti2Br2(C24H32N3)2(C3H7O)6] or {[NHNNH]Ti(OiPr)3(LiBr)2}2 (2). Complex 1, which sits on a twofold rotation axis, is a rare example of a pincer-type ligand which bears ketimine side arms. A unique feature of complex 1 is that the ketimine N atoms have an LiBr(Et2O) fragment bonded to them, with the Li atom adopting a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. This particular fragment creates an LiBr bridge between the two ketimine sidearms, which leads to a cage-type appearance of the ligand. Complex 2 consists of the previously described ligand and a TiIV metal atom in an octa­hedral environment, and is located on an inversion center. Complex 2 crystallizes as a dinuclear species with the metal atoms being bridged by an LiBr entity [the Br atoms are disordered and refined in two positions with their site occupation factors refining to 0.674 (12)/0.372 (12)], and the Li cation being bonded to the isopropoxide O atoms (Li having a tetra­hedral coordination as in 1). The organic ligand of compound 2 exhibits disorder in its periphery groups; isopropyl and tert-butyl groups (occupation factors fixed at 0.6/0.4). The novel [NNN]H3 pincer-type ligand was characterized by multinuclear and multidimensional NMR, HRMS and X-ray crystallography. The dinuclear metal complex 2 was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Although each structure exhibits donor N—H groups, no hydrogen bonding is found in either one, perhaps due to the bulky groups around them. One of the ethyl groups of the ether ligand of 1 is disordered and refined in two parts with site-occupation factors of 0.812 (8) and 0.188 (8). One and a half toluene solvent mol­ecules are also present in the asymmetric unit of 2. The toluene mol­ecules were significantly disordered and could not be modeled properly, thus SQUEEZE [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18] was used to remove their contributions to the overall intensity data.
Convexity of stiffness matrix eigenvalues for a position controlled limb of mobile climbing robots

This paper presents a simple model of the structure stiffness of a position controlled limb designed for mobile climbing robot. The stiffness matrices of the robot limb at different configurations are investigated. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate that this model is able to predict the general trend of change of stiffness matrix as a function of end effector position. Experiments also show that the maximum eigenvalue of stiffness matrix is a convex function with respect to the effector position, which matches the prediction of theory. Other testing includes measuring the effect of motor backlash on stiffness coefficients, and gauge the amount of contribution to total compliance from joint compliance and structure compliance.
Photooxygenation Products of Bilirubin in the Urine of Jaundiced Phototherapy Neonates

Phototherapy is widely and routinely used for treating hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) in newborn babies. Neonates are irradiated with white or blue light to enhance the elimination of the yellow, potentially cytotoxic heme metabolite, (4Z,15Z)-bilirubin-IXα (BR).l Under normal metabolic conditions, BR is detoxified by conjugation in the liver and excreted in bile; however, when conjugation is impaired, BR accumulates in plasma and partitions into extravascular tissues, including the brain. It has been estimated that 2.5% of the live-born in the United States received phototherapy to remove or accelerate the excretion of BR from the ody and thus reduce the risk of BR encephalopathy.1
“It can't happen here”: Trump, authoritarianism and American politics

Donald Trump's election on November 8, 2016, alarmed many people in the United States and around the world. Explanations for his popularity vary widely, but prominent among them is the idea of authoritarianism, or the authoritarian personality. Current discussions of authoritarianism in sociology and political science generally adopt (or adapt) the version as outlined by Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford, which first appeared in 1950 in the United States but generally ignore the earlier articulations of “the authoritarian character”, which were psychoanalytic, and stressed the sado-masochistic character traits that presumably prompted people to support fascistic leaders, and which appeared in the 1930s in Germany. This paper reviews the history of the concept of authoritarianism, and the ways in which recent discussions of sado-masochism in the clinical arena have, with rare exceptions, become detached from discussions of authoritarianism in the sociological and political science literature. It ponders the applicability of this concept to the Trump Presidency, and the parallels between the situation in Weimar in the 1930s and the United States today.
Discovering a Code of Scientific Communicative Conduct

Findings are presented from a 4-year-long ethnography of communication conducted within the community of nanotechnology research at the UWCNT. Some understandings of a scientist’s nature, or psychology, are presented, suggesting that the way in which a scientist is taught to think of himself or herself as a scientist does not allow for open consideration of SEI broadly defined.
Overexpressing wild-type γ2 subunits rescued the seizure phenotype in Gabrg2+/Q390X Dravet syndrome mice.

SummaryObjective The mutant γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor γ2(Q390X) subunit (Q351X in the mature peptide) has been associated with the epileptic encephalopathy, Dravet syndrome, and the epilepsy syndrome genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). The mutation generates a premature stop codon that results in translation of a stable truncated and misfolded γ2 subunit that accumulates in neurons, forms intracellular aggregates, disrupts incorporation of γ2 subunits into GABAA receptors, and affects trafficking of partnering α and β subunits. Heterozygous Gabrg2+/Q390X knock-in (KI) mice had reduced cortical inhibition, spike wave discharges on electroencephalography (EEG), a lower seizure threshold to the convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and spontaneous generalized tonic–clonic seizures. In this proof-of-principal study, we attempted to rescue these deficits in KI mice using a γ2 subunit gene (GABRG2) replacement therapy. Methods We introduced the GABRG2 allele by crossing Gabrg2+/Q390X KI mice with bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice overexpressing HA (hemagglutinin)–tagged human γ2HA subunits, and compared GABAA receptor subunit expression by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining, seizure threshold by monitoring mouse behavior after PTZ-injection, and thalamocortical inhibition and network oscillation by slice recording. Results Compared to KI mice, adult mice carrying both mutant allele and transgene had increased wild-type γ2 and partnering α1 and β2/3 subunits, increased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) amplitudes recorded from layer VI cortical neurons, reduced thalamocortical network oscillations, and higher PTZ seizure threshold. Significance Based on these results we suggest that seizures in a genetic epilepsy syndrome caused by epilepsy mutant γ2(Q390X) subunits with dominant negative effects could be rescued potentially by overexpression of wild-type γ2 subunits.
Pre-existing medical comorbidity is not associated with neurological outcomes in patients undergoing targeted temperature management following cardiac arrest

The prognostic significance of chronic medical illness in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest who undergo targeted temperature management (TTM) remains largely unknown. We sought to assess the association between overall burden of pre-existing medical comorbidity and neurological outcomes in survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing TTM. We analyzed a prospectively collected cohort of 314 patients treated with TTM following cardiac arrest at a tertiary care hospital between 2007 and 2014. Overall burden of medical comorbidity was approximated with the use of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Poor neurological outcome at hospital discharge, defined as a cerebral performance category (CPC) score >2, was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included death prior to hospital discharge and at 1 year following cardiac arrest. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between CCI scores and outcomes. A poor neurological outcome at hospital discharge was observed in 193 (61%) patients. One hundred and seventy-nine (57%) patients died prior to hospital discharge and a total of 195 (62%) patients had died at 1-year post-arrest. In multivariable logistic regression, elevated CCI scores were not associated with increased odds of poor neurological outcomes (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.90–1.19, p = 0.608) or death (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86–1.13, p = 0.816) at hospital discharge. No association was seen between CCI scores and death at 1-year post-arrest (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.95–1.26, p = 0.220). Increasing burden of medical comorbidity, as defined by CCI scores, is not associated with neurological outcomes or survival in patients treated with TTM.
Cadherin composition and multicellular aggregate invasion in organotypic models of epithelial ovarian cancer intraperitoneal metastasis

During epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression, intraperitoneally disseminating tumor cells and multicellular aggregates (MCAs) present in ascites fluid adhere to the peritoneum and induce retraction of the peritoneal mesothelial monolayer prior to invasion of the collagen-rich submesothelial matrix and proliferation into macro-metastases. Clinical studies have shown heterogeneity among EOC metastatic units with respect to cadherin expression profiles and invasive behavior; however, the impact of distinct cadherin profiles on peritoneal anchoring of metastatic lesions remains poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrate that metastasis-associated behaviors of ovarian cancer cells and MCAs are influenced by cellular cadherin composition. Our results show that mesenchymal N-cadherin-expressing (Ncad+) cells and MCAs invade much more efficiently than E-cadherin-expressing (Ecad+) cells. Ncad+ MCAs exhibit rapid lateral dispersal prior to penetration of three-dimensional collagen matrices. When seeded as individual cells, lateral migration and cell-cell junction formation precede matrix invasion. Neutralizing the Ncad extracellular domain with the monoclonal antibody GC-4 suppresses lateral dispersal and cell penetration of collagen gels. In contrast, use of a broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor (GM6001) to block endogenous membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) activity does not fully inhibit cell invasion. Using intact tissue explants, Ncad+ MCAs were also shown to efficiently rupture peritoneal mesothelial cells, exposing the submesothelial collagen matrix. Acquisition of Ncad by Ecad+ cells increased mesothelial clearance activity but was not sufficient to induce matrix invasion. Furthermore, co-culture of Ncad+ with Ecad+ cells did not promote a 'leader-follower' mode of collective cell invasion, demonstrating that matrix remodeling and creation of invasive micro-tracks are not sufficient for cell penetration of collagen matrices in the absence of Ncad. Collectively, our data emphasize the role of Ncad in intraperitoneal seeding of EOC and provide the rationale for future studies targeting Ncad in preclinical models of EOC metastasis.
Compulsive Translators: Are Narrators in Javier Marías’s Novels Beguiled by Language?

espanolEs sabido que las novelas de Javier Marias giran alrededor de sus meditabundos narradores que, entre otros temas, reflexionan de forma incesante sobre la naturaleza del lenguaje y la traduccion. Este articulo discute el papel de estas constantes reflexiones y, a partir del modelo propuesto por Roman Jakobson (la distincion entre traduccion intralinguistica, interlinguistica e intersemiotica), examina el vinculo entre los narradores y las diferentes formas de traduccion en cuatro novelas del periodo tipicamente ‘mariesco’ en la obra del autor (Todas las almas (1989), Corazon tan blanco (1992), Manana en la batalla piensa en mi (1994) y Tu rostro manana (2002–2007)). Tras discutir brevemente los efectos de la traduccion intralinguistica e intersemiotica, el articulo pasa a examinar el impacto de la traduccion interlinguistica como un aspecto clave en la narrativa de Marias; se examinan los terminos extranjeros que aparecen en sus textos, asi como las reflexiones de los narradores acerca de los mismos y el efecto de que aparezcan o no en traduccion. El objetivo de este articulo es establecer el vinculo entre la incertidumbre que envuelve las novelas de Marias y la fascinacion de sus narradores por la traduccion, especialmente interlinguistica. EnglishJavier Marias’s novels are renowned for revolving around his digressive narrators, who, amongst other subjects, persistently reflect upon language and translation. This article discusses the role of these constant reflections and examines the narrators’ engagement with different forms of translation by using Roman Jakobson’s categorisation (intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic translation) in four novels that correspond to Marias’s mature novelistic period (Todas las almas (1989), Corazon tan blanco (1992), Manana en la batalla piensa en mi (1994) and Tu rostro manana (2002–2007)). It briefly discusses the effects of intralingual and intersemiotic translation on the narrators before moving on to analysing in detail the impact of interlingual translations. The latter is a prominent aspect in Marias’s fiction; its significance is examined through the use of foreign terms and their translations (or lack thereof), as well as the narrators’ reflections upon them. The ultimate aim of this article is to establish the link between the all-pervasive uncertainty in Marias’s novels and the narrators’ fascination with translation, especially of the interlingual kind
Biocompatible and blood–brain barrier permeable carbon dots for inhibition of Aβ fibrillation and toxicity, and BACE1 activity

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) fibrillation is pathologically associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and this has resulted in the development of an Aβ inhibitor which is essential for the treatment of AD. However, the design of potent agents which can target upstream secretases, inhibit Aβ toxicity and aggregation, as well as cross the blood-brain barrier remains challenging. In, this research carbon dots for AD treatment were investigated in vitro using experimental and computational methods for the first time. The results presented here demonstrate a novel strategy for the discovery of novel antiamyloidogenic agents for AD treatments.
Abstract P540: Distinct Profile of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Normotensive Obese Humans

Hypertension (HTN) is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Early and non-invasive biomarkers of vascular dysfunction and end-organ damage in HTN are needed to optimize treatment for patients at risk for HTN. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential candidate biomarkers that reflect occurrence of end-organ damage prior to symptom development. EVs are a heterogeneous population of submicron vesicles that shed from various cell types in the blood and carry markers from their parent cells. We hypothesized that obese adults with normotension have a distinct profile of circulating EVs. Twenty-two obese normotensive patients (Age: 62.5±8.9y, BMI 33.1±6.4 kg/m2) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. After an overnight fast, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 126±12.5mmHg and 68.7±8.2mmHg, respectively. Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Enumeration and phenotyping of platelet poor plasma EVs was performed using imaging flow cytometry. CD42 positive (platelet), CD31 (PECAM), CD105 (S-endoglin, endothelial), CD45 (leukocyte) positive and Annexin V (AnV) positive EVs were used as surface markers for circulating EVs. Annexin V (AnV) and S-Endoglin positive EVs (CD105+, AnV+) correlated significantly with the diastolic blood pressure (p=0.03, r=0.46). In addition, leukocyte derived EVs (CD45+, AnV+) correlated with pulse wave velocity (p=0.04, r=0.44). Other platelet derived EVs and AnV negative EVs did not correlate with blood pressure level or measures of vascular health. Subgroups of endothelial and leukocyte derived EVs correlate with diastolic blood pressure and arterial stiffness in obese normotensive adults. These findings suggest that the specific EV profile might reflect pathophysiologically significant pre-hypertensive blood pressure.
Versatile synthesis of molybdenum sulfide from confined spaces for efficient hydrogen evolution

Abstract (Quasi-)Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) materials with disulfide (S22−) units have superior catalytic activities for hydrogen evolution reaction. However, the structures of the materials are less investigated and diversified. Herein, we first develop a new ethanol-thermal method to prepare MoSx and further apply versatile confined growth treatment with low-cost filler crystallites to efficiently modify its structure and consequent performance. Expectedly, because the material is quasi-amorphous and very deformable, its morphology varies dramatically from granules to foam-like material with specific surface area increases from 22.53 m2/g to 76.24 m2/g under the restriction of confined spaces. Importantly, the amount of S22− units which are responsible for the distinction of MoSx increases as well. By virtue of the confined growth, the catalytic performance of the original material on hydrogen evolution is improved significantly. The over-potential required to obtain 10 mA cm−2 current decreases remarkably from 278 mV to 209 mV and the Tafel slope decreases from 160 mV/decade to 72 mV/decade after confined growth. Therefore, we have proposed an effective method to synthesize and promote the catalytic performance of MoSx.
Amorphous Silicon-Boron-Nitride Networks

In recent years, atomistic simulations are assuming a guiding role in the effort of optimizing the properties of advanced coating materials (Lawson et al., J Appl Phys 110:083507, 2011; Kindlund et al., APL Mater 1:042104, 2013; Tang et al., J Phys Chem C 119:24649–24656, 2015; Zhang et al., Surf Coat Technol 277:136–143, 2015; Ni et al., Appl Phys Lett 107:031603, 2015). In amorphous Silicon-Boron-Nitride networks (a-Si-B-N), understanding the role played by composition is of great importance for the future design of this new material. So far, a-Si-B-N structures have been explored to understand the impact of the BN:Si3N4 ratio onto mechanical properties (Tang et al., Chem Eur J 16:6458–6462, 2010; Schon et al., Process Appl Ceram 5:49–61, 2011; Griebel and Hamaekers, Comput Mater Sci 39:502–517, 2007; Ge et al., Adv Appl Ceram 113:367–371, 2014). Using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Griebel and Hamaekers (Comput Mater Sci 39:502–517, 2007) derived strain-stress curves of selected a-Si3BN5, a-Si3B2N6, and a-Si3B3N7 models and found that increasing the B content increases Young’s modulus. In this chapter, we extend the scope of the previous studies by revealing how composition and structure might influence a combination of properties desirable for coating applications. Using a combination of atomistic numerical methods, we screen a library of low enthalpy a-Si-B-N networks (a-Si3BN5, a-Si3B3N7, and a-Si3B9N13) to predict from extensive atomistic simulations the thermal conductivity (κ) and mechanical stiffness with different BN contents.
Master’s Program Bariatric Pathway: Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most commonly performed bariatric/metabolic procedures, with most performed laparoscopically. It is an effective bariatric procedure with excellent long-term weight loss and improvement in comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It does, however, have a longer learning curve compared to sleeve gastrectomy and gastric banding. Advance training is recommended to achieve good patient outcomes.
Camp Research: What? So What? What’s Next?

This special issue of the Journal of Youth Development provides a means to highlight where camp research is today based on the articles presented. Several common areas are identified: role of theory, addressing social issues, methodological imagination, emerging audiences, samples, linking operations and outcomes research, staff and youth development, moving outcomes from what to how , and thoughtful and intentional implications for practice. Areas that need additional consideration in future camp research and issues that can be addressed by camp professionals include further examining how positive change occurs in camp, noting the value of the transfer of camp experiences to later life, using critical analyses of what camp experiences mean, and examining areas that have been under-researched such as day camps.
Abstract 20203: Electrophysiologic Features and Ablation of Junctional Tachycardia

Introduction: Junctional tachycardias (JTs) originate from different foci within or close to the atrioventricular (AV) junction and can exit to the atrium from various extensions of the AV node. Ca...
FOLIAGE PENETRATION STRIPMAP SAR IMAGING USING UWB RANDOM NOISE WAVEFORM

Ultra wideband (UWB) penetration imaging synthetic aperture radars (SAR) are among the latest generations of high resolution imaging radar systems. The University of Nebraska at Lincoln (UNL) has developed a new type of foliage penetration (FOPEN) SAR which uses random noise signal as the probing waveform. The system operates over the 250–500 MHz frequency band and uses two broadband dual-polarized log-periodic antennas. A dual-polarization heterodyne correlation receiver is used to preserve phase coherence and allow polarimetrie SAR imaging. The ultra-wide bandwidth of the transmitted signal provides fine range resolution, while stripmap SAR image processing technique is used to obtain high cross-range resolution. In this paper, we present the random noise radar SAR imaging model, signal processing algorithms, and the 2-D imaging results obtained from field tests.
Central regional profile of dental hygiene students.

PURPOSE This study was designed to identify personal, familial, academic, and employment characteristics of dental hygiene students from the central region of the United States to develop a comprehensive student profile for research and recruitment purposes. METHODS In fall 1990, 25 dental hygiene program directors in ten states in the central region of the United States and 475 students enrolled in these programs were mailed surveys to develop program and student profiles. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and frequency. RESULTS Directors and students from 24 of 25 dental hygiene programs responded. Data are reported from these 24 directors and 422 of 464 (91%) of the students enrolled in the programs. Dental hygiene students in the central region of the United States are similar in personal, parental, and academic backgrounds to the general population of college students nationally. Unlike the general college population, the regional dental hygiene population tends to be singularly female. Students chose to major in dental hygiene for economic and personal reasons. The availability of employment opportunities, the flexibility to work full- or part-time, and the prospects of making a better income and becoming a professional influenced their decision. Students identified dentists, dental hygienists, and relatives as being influential in their becoming interested in the dental hygiene profession. Previous dental office employment experience also influenced many students in their career choice. CONCLUSION The study findings provide information for dental hygiene educators and others interested in student characteristics and factors that influence the selection of dental hygiene as a career.
Age-Related Changes in Brain Metabolism and Vulnerability to Anoxia

Aged brain tissue suffers more histopathological damage following ischemia1 and greater electrophysiological dysfunction following anoxia2. In this short review, we consider the hypothesis that alterations in brain energy metabolism underlie age-related increases in brain vulnerability to anoxia, hypoxia, or ischemia (see also refs. 3–8). Investigations from our laboratories suggest that age-related decreases in the capacity of brain tissue to meet energy demand may limit recovery of ion homeostasis and excitability following large ion shifts or anoxia. These findings are consistent with earlier reports that glycolytic fluxes in rat brain during ischemia6 and glucose utilization during hyperthermia9 increased less with age and that resynthesis of depleted metabolic intermediates was slower in aged brains10. Such studies further suggest the hypothesis that age-related decreases in the capacity of brain tissue to match energy production to demand may limit recovery after metabolic insults.
Renal Arterial Pseudoaneurysm After Partial Nephrectomy: Literature Review and Single-Center Analysis of Predictive Factors and Renal Functional Outcomes.

Introduction and objective Partial nephrectomy (PN) represents the current surgical standard for T1 tumors. Renal arterial pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication reported after PN. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm after PN, specifically focusing on those requiring management with selective embolization. A literature review of the topic was performed. Methods A retrospective review of the institutional PN database was performed from January 2011 to December 2016. Patients who underwent embolization for pseudoaneurysm represented a separated cohort to be compared with other patients (controls). Patients' and tumors' characteristics were considered. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test their eventual association with the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm. Results A total of 1417 cases were evaluated. At a median of 21 days (interquartile range = 10-34), 20 patients (1.4%) developed postoperative pseudoaneurysm. The majority of patients (70%) presented with gross hematuria. The clinical suspicion was confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan with angiography. Selective embolization was performed using endovascular coils. Technical success and clinical success rates were 100% and 95%, respectively. No difference was found in percentage estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preserved between patients who underwent embolization versus controls (median 82.6% versus 86.3%, P = .35). No differences in age, baseline renal function (as assessed by glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), tumor size, and R.E.N.A.L. were found between patients who reported and did not report pseudoaneurysm. In patients who developed pseudoaneurysm, longer operative time (225.6 minutes versus 193 minutes, P = .04), and cold ischemia time (48 minutes versus 29 minutes, P = .03) were reported. Conclusion In our series, the occurrence of pseudoaneurysm was associated with longer operative and cold ischemia times. In patients who underwent selective embolization, renal function remained comparable with that of controls.
Novel materials can radically improve whole-system environmental impacts of additive manufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing often has higher environmental impacts per part than traditional manufacturing at scale, but new materials can enable more sustainable 3D printing. This study developed and tested novel materials for paste extrusion printing, and tested materials invented by others. Testing compared their whole-system environmental impacts to standard ABS extrusion, measured by life cycle assessment (LCA); testing also assessed material strength, printability, and cost. Materials were chosen for low print energy (chemical bonding, not melting), low toxicity, and circular life cycle (biodegradable, ideally sourced from waste biomaterial). Printing energy was reduced 75% (from 160 to 40 Wh/part), and embodied impacts of materials were reduced 82% (from 6.6 to 1.2 ReCiPe Endpoint H millipoints/part). Overall impacts per part were reduced 78% (from 27 to 6 ReCiPe Endpoint H millipoints/part), including embodied impacts of the printer itself, in a maximum utilization scenario. Results were also compared to previous studies of seven different 3D printers of various types. More than ten material recipes were tested, and pecan shell flour with sodium silicate showed the best print quality. Strength and print quality did not approach ABS, but material cost was cut by 50%. Thus, while further development is required, some materials show promise for greener additive manufacturing.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers towards genetic testing across three rural Illinois communities

Genetic testing is becoming more prevalent in detecting risk and guiding cancer treatment in our increasingly personalized medicine model. However, few studies have examined underserved populations’ perceptions of genetic testing, especially those of rural dwelling populations. We asked residents of three rural communities to complete a self-administered survey gauging their knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers for genetic testing. 64.8% of participants of the overall study completed the survey. Most participants were aware of genetic testing for cancer screening (69.0%) and would likely share results with their family (88.5% if it indicated low risk, 85.9% for high risk). Some barriers were noted, including genetic testing not offered in a clinic nearby (46.9%), insurance company knowing the results (54.0%), cost (49.1%), and no accessible genetic counselors with whom to discuss results (45.6%). Our rural participants were generally knowledgeable about genetic testing, but this may not be reflective of all rural populations. Opportunities exist to mitigate use barriers, expand the utilization of telehealth services and regulatory agency-approved assays, and increase knowledge regarding privacy and protections offered by statute, such as the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (US) and General Data Protection Regulation (Europe).
Spinal Cord Stimulation 50 Years Later: Clinical Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation Based on Randomized Clinical Trials—A Systematic Review

To assess the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for each indication, one must critically assess each specific clinical outcome to identify outcomes that benefit from SCS therapy. To date, a comprehensive review of clinically relevant outcome-specific evidence regarding SCS has not been published. We aimed to assess all randomized controlled trials from the world literature for the purpose of evaluating the clinical outcome-specific efficacy of SCS for the following outcomes: perceived pain relief or change pain score, quality of life, functional status, psychological impact, analgesic medication utilization, patient satisfaction, and health care cost and utilization. Interventions were SCS, without limitation to the type of controls or the type of SCS in the active arms. For each study analyzed, a quality assessment was performed using a validated scale that assesses reporting, external validity, bias, confounding, and power. Each outcome was assessed specific to its indication, and the primary measure of each abovementioned outcome was a summary of the level of evidence. Twenty-one randomized controlled trials were analyzed (7 for trunk and limb pain, inclusive of failed back surgery syndrome; 8 for refractory angina pectoris; 1 for cardiac X syndrome; 3 for critical limb ischemia; 2 for complex regional pain syndrome; and 2 for painful diabetic neuropathy). Evidence assessments for each outcome for each indication were depicted in tabular format. Outcome-specific evidence scores were established for each of the abovementioned indications, providing both physicians and patients with a summary of evidence to assist in choosing the optimal evidence-based intervention. The evidence presented herein has broad applicability as it encompasses a breadth of patient populations, variations of SCS therapy, and comparable controls that, together, reflect comprehensive clinical decision making.