cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TWO SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF AXIUS FROM THE NORTH-WEST ATLANTIC (DECAPODA, THALASSINIDEA, AXIIDAE)

Axius serratus Stimpson, 1852, is redescribed and illustrated, and its distribution based on 54 records of 68 specimens is recorded. The sympatric, and rarely recorded Axius armatus Smith, 1881, is redescribed and illustrated for the first time, based on six female specimens from five separate records. These two species are compared with the eastern Atlantic Axius stirhynchus Leach, 1815. The three species can be separated on the basis of the uropodal transverse suture, telsonic and pereopodal spination, and pereopod 4 sternite structure.
Infrared background of spacecraft in low‐Earth orbit attributable to ion chemistry

A diurnal variation in the infrared background radiation observed on Spacelab 2 suggests that ion chemistry plays a part in the generation of those infrared emissions. Because water is the major contaminant in the environment of spacecraft in low earth orbit, it is thought to be the source of vibrationally excited and infrared active H2O+ formed in O+(4S) + H2O charge-transfer reactions. H2O+ infrared luminescence spectra (0.01 µm FWHM) are calculated for the predicted nascent vibrational distribution as well as for steady-state conditions assuming a charge-transfer relative velocity of 7.8 km s−1, the low-Earth orbital velocity. The calculated luminescence spectra exhibit an intense band between 3 and 3.5 µm, attributable to symmetric stretch deexcitation, and a minor band between 6 and 8.5 µm associated with bending vibrational transitions. The effect of charge-transfer product rotational temperature, H2O partial pressure, and motional electric field on the infrared background spectra are investigated.
Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging with wall shear stress analysis before and after repair of aortopulmonary fistula.

We used 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging1 to evaluate a 34-year-old man with a complicated course after aortic coarctation repair including development of an aortopulmonary fistula. Our initial 4D flow study (Figure 1) reveals abnormal vortical-type flow in the aneurysmal distal aortic arch. Evaluation of wall shear stress calculated from near-wall velocity gradients using proprietary software ( flow tool , University of Freiburg, Germany; software is experimental and not FDA approved)2 demonstrates skewing of higher shear values along the posterior and left lateral aortic arch, just upstream of a pseudoaneurysm. Figure 1. A 34-year-old man with complicated course status after aortic coarctation repair. A, 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging that demonstrates an aneurysm of the distal aortic arch extending …
The pore structure of paste in concrete

Abstract The pore size distribution of the cement paste that develops in concrete and mortar was measured by mercury intrusion. The intruded pore volumes were expressed on a per unit mass of paste basis and compared with the pore structure of plain paste that hydrated without aggregate. The paste in concrete is more porous, and the difference increases with increasing hydration. The additional porosity occurs mainly in pore sizes that are larger than the plain paste's threshold pore diameter.
Developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors: a perspective on subtype-selective ligands

AMPA receptors are a family of ligand-gated ion channels that play central roles in rapid neural signaling and in regulation of synaptic strength. Additionally, these receptors are implicated in a number of major psychiatric and neurological diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the roles that AMPA receptors play in the mammalian nervous system has been hampered by the dearth of ligands available to select between individual AMPA receptors subtypes. Here we provide a perspective on opportunities for developing a complete pharmacology for AMPA receptors.
Data-Based Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Players

Context:Baseball throwing injuries are common. Emphasis on injury prevention and rehabilitation is made in an attempt to keep athletes on the field of competition. Interval throwing programs are an...
Does intraprostatic vasopressin prevent the transurethral resection syndrome

Objective To determine whether intraprostatic vasopressin (IPVP) prevents the transurethral resection (TUR) syndrome during prostatectomy. Patients and methods The study comprised 36 consecutive patients (mean age 68 years) with prostates clinically assessed as ≥ 20 g who underwent standard transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). Ten units of vasopressin in 0.5 mL were diluted with 9.5 mL isotonic saline and injected into the prostate transrectally before TURP. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after TURP to measure serum sodium concentration and free haemoglobin levels. The TURP irrigant used was cooled, boiled water maintained at 70–80 cmH2O pressure during resection. Twenty patients had alcohol added to the irrigant and their breath alcohol assessed at 10-min intervals during TURP. All patients had their pulse rate, blood pressure and sensorium monitored continuously. Extreme care was taken to avoid and/or identify capsular damage during resection. Results The mean weight of tissue resected was 36 g and the mean resection time 24 min. There was no significant change in clinical variables during TURP. In 19 patients the breath alcohol changes were insignificant. Changes in free haemoglobin were not significant, but the levels decreased after TURP in four patients, caused by the dilution consequent on the infusion of 800–1000 mL isotonic saline during surgery. Serum sodium concentrations showed only insignificant decreases, except in one patient whose breath alcohol suggested the absorption of 500 mL of irrigant. This patient's serum sodium concentration decreased by 9 mmol/L; 1 L of 5% dextrose was infused during the procedure and capsular damage was recognized early during TURP. Conclusion Insignificant volumes of irrigant entered the circulation of the patients during TURP with water irrigation and IPVP. The greatest risk factor for fluid entry during TURP is capsular damage. IPVP decreases bleeding and therefore improves visibility, so allowing the early identification of capsular damage. IPVP seems therefore to be of help during TURP by decreasing bleeding and allowing insignificant volumes of irrigant to enter the vasoconstricted vessels; it appears to prevent the TUR syndrome.
Characterization of a Mixed Multiplicity Counter Based on Liquid Organic Scintillators

A measurement system capable of multiplicity measurements for both neutrons and gamma rays has been developed. The benefit of such an approach is in the increased number of available observables. A pure neutron assay results in three observables for third-order multiples, while a combined neutron/gamma-ray assay results in nine observables for the same order of multiples. The idea is to use the additional observables to achieve greater accuracy when determining unknown parameters of the sample such as the fissile mass. The measurement system is based on liquid scintillation detectors (EJ-309s) which feed detected pulses to a digital data-acquisition system. The excellent pulse shape discrimination capabilities of the EJ-309s allow for accurate differentiation between gamma-ray pulses and neutron pulses. The PSD is vital to correctly identify the different multiples up to the third order: n, γ , nn, nγ , γγ , nnn, nnγ , nγγ and γγγ . Previous investigation of the measurement system showed that good counting statistics can be achieved within minutes for spontaneous-fission sources such as 252Cf. In this paper, we present new measurement results and corresponding Monte Carlo simulations aimed at characterizing the measurement system. Comparison of the measured and simulated multiples is discussed in detail and a relatively good agreement is found.
Correction to “Review of Neurosurgical Fluorescence Imaging Methodologies”

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 493-505, May/Jun 10), the microscope platform used in the phase III trial was incorrectly said to be developed by Leica, but it was developed by Carlo Zeiss, Inc. for this trial, which was the early version of the OPMI Pentero system.
Adenovirus-mediated Expression of Aquaporin-5 in Epithelial Cells

A recombinant adenovirus coding for rat aquaporin-5 was constructed and plaque purified. The recombinant adenovirus (AdrAQP5) mediated the expression of aquaporin-5 in rat and human salivary cell lines and in dog kidney cells in vitro as demonstrated by Northern blot and Western blot analyses, and by confocal microscopy after immunofluorescent labeling. In kidney cells, expression of the transgene was optimal if cells were infected at their basolateral surface, a phenomenon associated with the distribution of integrin receptors on these cells. The expressed aquaporin-5 protein was functionally active because viral-mediated gene transfer resulted in a significant increase in the osmotically directed net fluid secretion rate across monolayers of kidney cells. AdrAQP5 should provide an efficient and useful means to impart facilitated water permeability to cells lacking such a pathway.
Energetics of oxygen embedment into unreconstructed and reconstructed Cu(1 0 0) surfaces: Density functional theory calculations

Atomic oxygen embedment into a Cu(1 0 0) surface is studied by density functional theory calculation and the nudged elastic band method. As the oxygen coverage increases on the unreconstructed surface from 0.25 monolayer (ML) to 0.75 ML, the energy barrier for oxygen embedment decreases and an energetically favorable sub-surface site is found at 0.75 ML coverage. At a fixed oxygen coverage of 0.5 ML, the oxygen embedment energetics vary with the surface morphology and the embedment is found to be more probable for reconstructed structures compared to the bare surface. On the missing-row reconstructed surface, we find that the energy barrier for atomic oxygen embedment is smaller through the missing-row compared to other paths, suggesting a mechanism for the formation of sub-surface oxygen structures that are consistent with a recent experiment. The energy barrier for sub-surface oxygen diffusion is predicted to be less than that for on-surface diffusion.
Low-latency wireless video over 802.11 networks using path diversity

Wireless local area networks, such as 802.11b, are becoming wide-spread as they provide simple wireless connectivity and data delivery. This paper examines low-latency (conversational) video communication over 802.11b networks. The challenges to enable low-latency video include overcoming the highly variable delays, losses, and bandwidth of 802.11b wireless networks. To overcome these challenges we (1) employ the H.264/MPEG-4 advanced video coding (AVC) standard for high video compression efficiency and good resilience to losses, (2) use low-latency best-effort transport mechanisms, and (3) exploit the potential path diversity between each mobile client and multiple access points in the infrastructure, where we use multiple paths simultaneously or switch between multiple paths (site selection) as a function of channel characteristics. Our results indicate that the proposed system can provide significant benefits over conventional single access point (single path) systems.
Likelihood estimation of missing cell means in the fixed model analysis of variance

This paper examines the formation of maximum likelihood estimates of cell means in analysis of variance problems for cells with missing observations. Methods of estimating the means for missing cells has a long history which includes iterative maximum likelihood techniques, approximation techniques and ad hoc techniques. The use of the EM algorithm to form maximum likelihood estimates has resolved most of the issues associated with this problem. Implementation of the EM algorithm entails specification of a reduced model. As demonstrated in this paper, when there are several missing cells, it is possible to specify a reduced model that results in an unidentifiable likelihood. The EM algorithm in this case does not converge, although the slow divergence may often be mistaken by the unwary as convergence. This paper presents a simple matrix method of determining whether or not the reduced model results in an identifiable likelihood, and consequently in an EM algorithm that converges. We also show the EM algo...
Regulation of protrusion, adhesion dynamics, and polarity by myosins IIA and IIB in migrating cells

We have used isoform-specific RNA interference knockdowns to investigate the roles of myosin IIA (MIIA) and MIIB in the component processes that drive cell migration. Both isoforms reside outside of protrusions and act at a distance to regulate cell protrusion, signaling, and maturation of nascent adhesions. MIIA also controls the dynamics and size of adhesions in central regions of the cell and contributes to retraction and adhesion disassembly at the rear. In contrast, MIIB establishes front–back polarity and centrosome, Golgi, and nuclear orientation. Using ATPase- and contraction-deficient mutants of both MIIA and MIIB, we show a role for MIIB-dependent actin cross-linking in establishing front–back polarity. From these studies, MII emerges as a master regulator and integrator of cell migration. It mediates each of the major component processes that drive migration, e.g., polarization, protrusion, adhesion assembly and turnover, polarity, signaling, and tail retraction, and it integrates spatially separated processes.
High-temperature switching and evaluation of 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors and diodes under inductive loads

Future U.S Army electric motor control applications will require power semiconductor devices that operate for thousands of hours at case temperatures of 150/spl deg/C and higher. For reliable operation of silicon (Si)-based power electronics, the case temperature must be below 120/spl deg/C. Because of this temperature limitation of Si, new wide bandgap materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) are being investigated. We report on a SiC gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) and SiC p-i-n diode operating at case temperatures up to 150/spl deg/C. For high power and high voltage applications the GTO is the switch of choice. In this study, currents up to 2 A where switched by the GTO under pulsed and continuous switching into an inductive load. The turn-on and turn-off gains, the on-state voltage, and the turn-on and turn-off times, as a function of temperature will be discussed.
Comparison of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent with traditional markers of iron and erythropoiesis in pediatric dialysis

Anemia is a major complication for patients on chronic dialysis. Erythropoietin is effective if iron is available, however unnecessary iron supplementation results in iron overload. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) may be useful for assessing iron status. A national retrospective cohort study including all children on chronic dialysis in New Zealand between 2007 and 2013, pairing Ret-He with demographic information, anemia indices, and markers of iron status. In 606 observations, we found a modest relationship between Ret-He and transferrin saturation (TSAT) (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) and a poor correlation between Ret-He and ferritin (r = 0.09, p = 0.04). There was a negative correlation between ferritin and hemoglobin (r = −0.14, p = 0.002), a weak positive correlation between TSAT and hemoglobin (r = 0.12, p = 0.007), and a modest positive correlation between Ret-He and hemoglobin (r = 0.22, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of Ret-He to detect absolute iron deficiency (cut-off value 28.9 pg, sensitivity 90 %, specificity 75 %, AUC 0.87) was good. Ret-He is a more relevant marker of iron status than ferritin and TSAT. This supports prospectively testing Ret-He to distinguish between iron deficiency and suboptimal erythropoietin dosing as competing causes for anemia. Ferritin is an unhelpful biomarker of iron deficiency in this setting.
Religion and Psychotherapy

Religion and psychotherapy have historically been viewed as antagonistic to each other. More recently, however, the integration of religion and psychotherapy has become a significant development in clinical practice. Religion can be defined as a search for significance in ways that are related to the sacred, with spirituality as a search for the sacred. Religion is a crucial aspect of human diversity, and therefore may be addressed in psychotherapy. This can be done covertly in implicit integration, or overtly in explicit integration, which includes dealing with religious or spiritual issues in therapy, and using spiritual resources such as prayer, Scripture or sacred texts, referrals to religious groups, and other religious practices. Empirical support for the efficacy or effectiveness of religious and spiritual therapies has grown considerably. However, further research is needed and such therapies should be conducted in an ethically responsible, clinically sensitive, and professionally competent way. Keywords: psychology of religion and spirituality; cognitive behavior therapy; explicit integration; implicit integration; psychotherapy; religion; spirituality
p53 mediates DNA damaging drug-induced apoptosis through a caspase-9-dependent pathway in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

The signaling pathway for DNA damaging drug-triggered apoptosis was examined in a chemosensitive human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Doxorubicin and etoposide induce rapid and extensive apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. After the drug treatment, p53 protein levels increase in the nucleus, leading to the induction of its transcription targets p21(Waf1/Cip1) and MDM2. Inactivation of p53, either by the human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein or by a dominant-negative mutant p53 (R175H), completely protects SH-SY5Y cells from drug-triggered apoptosis. Cytochrome c and caspase-9 function downstream of p53 in mediating the drug-triggered apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In drug-treated cells, cytochrome c is released, and caspase-9 becomes activated. Inactivation of p53 blocks cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation. Furthermore, drug-induced cell death can be prevented by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of caspase-9. These findings define a molecular pathway for mediating DNA damaging drug-induced apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and suggest that inactivation of essential components of this apoptotic pathway may confer drug resistance on neuroblastoma cells.
Studying small brains to understand the building blocks of cognition

Cognition encompasses a range of higher-order mental processes, such as attention, working memory, and model-based decision-making. These processes are thought to involve the dynamic interaction of multiple central brain regions. A mechanistic understanding of such computations requires not only monitoring and manipulating specific neural populations during behavior, but also knowing the connectivity of the underlying circuitry. These goals are experimentally challenging in mammals, but are feasible in numerically simpler insect brains. In Drosophila melanogaster in particular, genetic tools enable precisely targeted physiology and optogenetics in actively behaving animals. In this article we discuss how these advantages are increasingly being leveraged to study abstract neural representations and sensorimotor computations that may be relevant for cognition in both insects and mammals.
Effect of cross-linking of interfacial sodium caseinate by natural processing on the oxidative stability of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions.

This study investigated how enzymatic cross-linking of interfacial sodium caseinate and emulsification, via high-pressure homogenization, influenced the intrinsic oxidative stability of 4% (w/v) me...
Profiles in Science for Science Librarians: Robert Goddard: Rocket Scientist

Robert Goddard is the father of modern rocketry because of his pioneering theoretical and experimental work with rockets. He launched the first liquid-fueled rocket, installed the first inertial rocket guidance system, and patented the multistage rocket. He also created the prototype of the bazooka and launched the first vehicle to go faster than the speed of sound. His work, however, went well beyond rockets. He was awarded the first patent for a radio tube and had others concerning maglev transportation. It was for good reason that TIME magazine named Goddard one of the top minds of the twentieth century.
Genetic Variants of Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Prevalence of Deficiencies of Two Cytosolic Components of the NADPH Oxidase System

Chronic granulomatous disease, a syndrome of recurrent infections and failure of oxidative microbicidal activity in phagocytes, results from defects in the gene for one of several components of an oxidase system that can undergo activation. To determine the relative prevalence of certain of the genetic variants of this disorder, we used immunoblotting to detect two specific neutrophil cytosolic proteins of 47 and 67 kd recently shown to be required for oxidase activation. Chronic granulomatous disease is usually an X-linked disorder associated with the absence of membrane cytochrome b558. Of our 94 patients with chronic granulomatous disease, however, 36 had a phenotype characterized by autosomal inheritance, normal membrane oxidase components (including cytochrome b558), and functionally defective cytosolic activity in a cell-free oxidase system. We studied 25 of these 36 patients and found that 22 lacked the 47-kd cytosolic protein, and the remaining 3 were missing the 67-kd component. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease whose functional defect was localized to the neutrophil membrane (classic X-linked cytochrome b-negative type and two other rare variants) had normal amounts of both cytosolic components. We estimate that approximately 33 percent of all patients with chronic granulomatous disease are missing the 47-kd cytosolic oxidase component and about 5 percent of patients are missing the 67-kd component. Chronic granulomatous disease caused by a defect in any cytosolic factors other than the 47-kd and 67-kd proteins, if it exists, is apparently rare.
Stability investigation on lysophosphatidylcholine in the diammonium glycyrrhizinate phospholipid complex injections

Objective: To determine the changes in the content of lysophosphatidylcholine( LPC) in the diammonium glycyrrhizinate phospholipid complex( DGPC) and its injections by HPLC- ELSD.Methods: Three types of diammonium glycyrrhizinate phospholipid complex injections were prepared( small volume injection: 0.2g∶10m L;5% xylitol infusion: 0.2g∶50m L; 5% glucose infusion: 0.2 g∶50m L) and underwent acceleration test at 40 ℃.An Alltima Silica column( 5μm,4.6mm×150mm) was used for the HPLC method.The mobile phase was methanol- glacialacetic acid( 500∶10,adjusted p H 6.0 with triethylamine) with a flow rate of 1.2m L·min-1.The drift tube temperature of ELSD was maintained at 85℃ and the flow rate of nitrogen gas was kept at 1.6 L·min-1.The contents of LPC were calculated by standard curve,with double logarithmic equation of peak area and drug concentration.Results: Under the selected conditions,phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine had a good separation.The results showed the contents of lysophosphatidylcholine in the injections were stable throughout the acceleration test.The contents in the three types of injections were fluctuated between 0.96- 1.06 mg·m L- 1,0.25-0.32 mg·m L- 1,0.20-0.26 mg·m L-1,respectively.Conclusion: The contents of lysophosphatidylcholine in diammonium glycyrrhizinate phospholipid complex injections meet the drug standard of fat emulsion containing phospholipid in the acceleration study.
Effect of tetrahydrocannabinol on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey.

Single doses of ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (5.0, 2.5, 1.25, or 0.625mg/kg) can decrease the levels of both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the ovariectomized rhesus monkey. The inhibition of gonadotropins (50% to 88%) lasts for 6 to 24 hours depending upon the dose of THC. There are no great differences in the responses of the two gonadotropins to THC. The inhibition of gonadotropin levels by THC appears to be at the level of the hypothalamus, since both LH and FSH are released from the pituitary gland in response to LH-releasing factor in the presence of THC.
Men’s Urology: Vasectomy, Orchialgia, Testosterone Deficiency, Male Fertility, Peyronie’s Disease and Penile Inflammation

Objectives 1. Present an overview of men’s health within the context of urology. 2. Explain the process for vasectomy. 3. Describe the state of the science for chronic unexplained orchialgia. 4. Establish criteria for screening men for low testosterone and determining who requires further evaluation. 5. Compare treatment strategies for testosterone deficiency-based patient need. 6. Examine male infertility as an area of health disparity. 7. Review current techniques used to evaluate male infertility and describe methods for preserving male fertility. 8. Discuss Peyronie’s disease and its treatment. 9. Review diagnosis and management of inflammatory conditions of the penis.
Defecation behavior of territorial and nonterritorial common terns (Sterna hirundo)

La defecation hors du site d'alimentation chez S.h. peut avoir diverses significations eventuelles: diminution du comportement d'evitement des proies (peu plausible) ou role sanitaire (reduire le parasitisme par les cestodes). Ce comportement est limite aux S.h. territoriaux
Reactions between nitrosopersulfide and heme proteins.

Abstract When nitrosothiols react with excess hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S, they form several intermediates including nitrosopersulfide (SSNO − ). The stability and importance of this species has been debated. While some data suggest SSNO − can be a relatively stable source of NO activity, others suggest that the species degrades too quickly. We find the species to be relatively stable in isolation. Due to the abundance and prominence of iron-containing proteins throughout the human body, it is important to establish the interaction of ferrous- and ferric-iron containing proteins with SSNO - . Study of the reactions of SSNO − with heme proteins can also provide information about the potential in vivo stability and spontaneous reactivity of this species. We have used time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy to study the reactions of SSNO − with heme proteins. Iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin is formed when SSNO − is reacted with deoxyhemoglobin and deoxygenated methemoglobin, suggesting NO formation from SSNO − . However, the yields of nitrosyl hemoglobin in reactions of SSNO − with deoxyhemoglobin are much less than when SSNO − is reacted with deoxygenated methemoglobin. Very little to no nitrosyl hemoglobin is formed when SSNO − is reacted carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO, and when SSNO − is reacted with oxygenated hemoglobin, minimal methemoglobin is formed Taken together, these data confirm the release of NO, but indicate a vacant heme is necessary to facilitate a direct heme-SSNO − reaction to form substantial NO. These data also suggest that the ferric iron in methemoglobin potentiates SSNO - reactivity. These results could potentially impact NO and sulfide bioavailability and reactivity.
Pacemaker Interrogation and Programming

Pacemaker programming and interrogation is essential not only in the immediate post-implantation period, but also at regular follow-up visits throughout the life of the pacemaker. The implantation of a pacemaker follows a clinical event and it is incumbent upon the physician implanting the device to insure that the device has met its clinical goals. Current pacemakers are endowed with a variety of features to help meet the aforementioned requirement. Hence, patients with pacemakers should be seen regularly and their pacemakers should be interrogated with each visit.
A Healing Art: Therapeutic Dimensions of Autobiography

(1990). A Healing Art: Therapeutic Dimensions of Autobiography. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 4-14.
Mathematical Modeling and Its Applications for Mass Flow in a Nuclear Fuel Cycle

A mathematical model for mass flow in a generic nuclear fuel cycle was developed. The model can describe various fuel cycle configurations (ranging from once-through to multiple recycling) and reac...
Landing as an Immigrant: Starting Over at Midlife

Despite coming from a family of immigrants, I had thought about questions of citizenship and immigration only in distanced, depersonalized ways until becoming a landed immigrant in Canada at midlife. In this chapter I consider how this experience reverberated with childhood themes, from the importance of transitional objects to the challenges of finding a place in a new social world. While moving to Toronto brought a sense of vulnerability about my political status, it also prompted me to rethink the possibilities and privileges of citizenship and an outsider identity. Following on earlier chapters that explored loss as an individual experience, this chapter takes up the social dimensions of loss and starting over experienced by displaced populations and how these are reflected and/or denied in our schools.
Abstract P5-22-14: Assessment of risk factors in women undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after breast cancer diagnosis: Experience at an academic medical center

Recently, the rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) have increased significantly with no clear evidence of improvement in overall survival or breast cancer (BC) specific survival. In 2016, American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS) provided a consensus statement regarding when CPM should be-, can be- or may be offered and when it should be discouraged. In light of new recommendations, our study aimed to review factors that influenced the choice of CPM at our institution. Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the IRB. Patients who underwent CPM between January 2011 and May 2014 were included. Medical records were reviewed for documentation of risk factors that led to CPM. Patients were stratified into four categories based on the consensus statement. CPM “should be considered” included carriers of BRCA1/2 mutation, patients with strong FH (2 or more first degree relatives with BC) but not tested for BRCA and patients with history of mantle radiation; CPM “can be considered” included patients with intermediate FH (one first degree or multiple second/third degree relatives with BC), carriers of non-BRCA gene mutation, patients with prior history of BC and patients with strong FH but tested negative for BRCA; CPM “may be considered" included patients with psychological factors, those who denied adjuvant therapy and patients with multicentric disease in the index side. CPM “should be discouraged” included patients with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, patients with weak FH (one second or third degree relative with BC) and patients with no significant FH or unknown FH. Results: Between January 2011 and May 2014, CPM was performed in 261 women ranging from 24 to 83 years (mean, 50 years). The number and percentage of women in each risk group is summarized in Table. Discussion: Based on the results, only 13% of the 261 women satisfied the criteria for when CPM "should be considered”, 38% for when CPM "can be or may be considered”, and in the remaining 49% CPM should have been discouraged. In light of the growing controversy regarding the overall benefit of CPM, it is important that the women with average-risk are well informed about the surgical risks vs. the benefits of CPM. Citation Format: Drobysheva A, Butt Y, Sahoo S. Assessment of risk factors in women undergoing contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after breast cancer diagnosis: Experience at an academic medical center [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-22-14.
Prevalence and Correlates of Worry About Medical Imaging Radiation Among United States Cancer Survivors.

Cancer survivors undergo lifelong surveillance regimens that involve repeated diagnostic medical imaging. As many of these diagnostic tests use ionizing radiation, which may modestly increase cancer risks, they may present a source of worry for survivors. The aims of this paper are to describe cancer survivors’ level of worry about medical imaging radiation (MIR) and to identify patterns of MIR worry across subgroups defined by cancer type, other medical and demographic factors, and physician trust. This cross-sectional study used the 2012–2013 Health Information National Trends Survey of US adults conducted by the National Cancer Institute. The analysis focused on the 452 respondents identifying as cancer survivors. Weighted logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with higher MIR worry (reporting “some” or “a lot” of MIR worry). Nearly half (42%) of the sample reported higher worry about MIR. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions indicated higher rates of MIR worry among those with lower incomes, those who self-reported poorer health, and those who completed cancer treatment within the past 10 years. Receipt of radiation treatment was associated with higher MIR worry in unadjusted analysis. Worries about MIR are relatively common among cancer survivors. An accurate assessment of the rates and patterns of worry could aid efforts to improve these individuals’ survivorship care and education.
Introduction of a Novel Evidence-Based Medicine Curriculum in Emergency Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become the quintessential goal of clinical decision-making. The study objective is to determine if a novel interactive EBM curriculum will improve resident physician EBM comprehension, assessed via a common EBM evaluation instrument, the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). The BQ was administered to all residents at the start of the academic year and again following completion of the 12-month study period and EBM curriculum. The curriculum was designed based on readings from the JAMA Users’ Guides to the Medical Literature coupled with real-world, specialty-specific articles that reflect the major topic of each chapter of the text and was utilized to supplement the Emergency Medicine (EM) residency’s monthly “journal club.” Descriptive statistics, examination of self-evaluation, and analysis of test results were evaluated. Fifty-four EM residents completed the course. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention scores: [Z = − 3.114, p = 0.002], [Z = −3.327, p = 0.001] for post-graduate year (PGY)1 and PGY2, respectively. PGY3 had a borderline significant difference pre to post with [Z = − 1.693, p = 0.05], and PGY4 had a non-significant difference with [Z = − 1.769, 0.77]. Kruskal-Wallis H testing confirmed a significant difference between PGY pre-intervention scores with χ2(3) = 13.957, p = 0.003. A pairwise comparison of PGYs demonstrated a significant difference between the pre-intervention scores of PGY4s compared to PGY1s (p = 0.006) and PGY2s (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference between other PGYs. Kruskal-Wallis H testing comparing post-intervention scores demonstrated no significant difference between PGYs with χ2(3) = 0.575, p = 0.902. The post-intervention difference in PGY1, PGY2, and PGY3 BQ scores suggests improved knowledge after new EBM curriculum. Significant difference between pre-intervention scores of PGY1 or PGY2 when compared to PGY4 suggests that capacity to learn EBM is dependent on the training year. A clustering of high scores among all years post-intervention suggests that the EBM course improved PGY1 and PGY2 to PGY4 level over the course of 12 months.
The Berkeley High Resolution Tropospheric NO 2 product

Abstract. We describe upgrades to the Berkeley High Resolution (BEHR) NO2 satellite retrieval product. BEHR v3.0B builds on the NASA version 3 standard Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric NO2 product to provide a high spatial resolution product for a domain covering the continental United States and lower Canada that is consistent with daily variations in the 12 km a priori NO2 profiles. Other improvements to the BEHR v3.0 product include surface reflectance and elevation, and factors affecting the NO2 a priori profiles such as lightning and anthropogenic emissions. We describe the retrieval algorithm in detail and evaluate the impact of changes to the algorithm between v2.1C and v3.0B on the retrieved NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs). Not surprisingly, we find that, on average, the changes to the a priori NO2 profiles and the update to the new NASA slant column densities have the greatest impact on the retrieved VCDs. More significantly, we find that using daily a priori profiles results in greater average VCDs than using monthly profiles in regions and times with significant lightning activity. The BEHR product is available as four subproducts on the University of California DASH repository, using monthly a priori profiles at native OMI pixel resolution ( https://doi.org/10.6078/D1N086 ) and regridded to 0.05° × 0.05° ( https://doi.org/10.6078/D1RQ3G ) and using daily a priori profiles at native OMI ( https://doi.org/10.6078/D1WH41 ) and regridded ( https://doi.org/10.6078/D12D5X ) resolutions. The subproducts using monthly profiles are currently available from January 2005 to July 2017, and will be expanded to more recent years. The subproducts using daily profiles are currently available for years 2005–2010 and 2012–2014; 2011 and 2015 on will be added as the necessary input data are simulated for those years.
Avoiding the impossible: Re-focusing a non-feasible mission 2-hrs into a 3-day engineering session

Concurrent engineering (CE) has demonstrated for over twenty years that it can produce high level mission designs in a short period of time, from months to only a few days. Unfortunately, sometimes these designs — while technically sound — are not feasible due to mass or cost constraints. A major new capability is needed by CE teams that will enable mission designers to re-focus a study, and avoid spending a great deal of time and effort with 15 engineers designing a non-feasible mission. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Team X is addressing this problem by developing mass and cost models that produce estimates for the probability of breaching a mass or cost threshold within the first hours of a study. These models are built on statistical relationships based on mass and cost allocations per mission component by mission type, derived from over twenty years of Team X studies and NASA missions. By linking these relationships, insights about total mass or cost can be made early in a study, based on preliminary requirements or the first completed spacecraft subsystem designs; estimates incorporate updated spacecraft subsystem designs as they are completed throughout the study. A methodology, generalized model, verification and example implementation for a cost limit breach are presented.
Institutional Repositories: Evaluating the Reasons for Non-use of Cornell University's Installation of DSpace

Problem: While there has been considerable attention dedicated to the development and implementation of institutional repositories, there has been little done to evaluate them, especially with regards to faculty participation. Purpose: This article reports on a three-part evaluative study of institutional repositories. We describe the contents and participation in Cornell’s DSpace and compare these results with seven university DSpace installations. Through in-depth interviews with eleven faculty members in the sciences, social sciences and humanities, we explore their attitudes, motivations, and behaviors for non-participation in institutional repositories. Results: Cornell’s DSpace is largely underpopulated and underused by its faculty. Many of its collections are empty, and most collections contain few items. Those collections that experience steady growth are collections in which the university has made an administrative investment, such are requiring deposits of theses and dissertations into DSpace. Cornell faculty have little knowledge of and little motivation to use DSpace. Many faculty use alternatives to institutional repositories, such as their personal Web pages and disciplinary repositories, which are perceived to have higher community salience than one’s affiliate institution. Faculty gave many reasons for not using repositories: redundancy with other modes of disseminating information, the learning curve, confusion with copyright, fear of plagiarism and having one’s work scooped, associating one’s work with inconsistent quality, and whether posting a manuscript constitutes “publishing”. Conclusion: While some librarians perceive a crisis in scholarly communication as a crisis in access to the literature, Cornell faculty perceive this essentially as a non-issue. Each discipline has a normative culture, largely defined by their reward system and traditions. If the goal of institutional repositories is to capture and preserve the scholarship of one’s faculty, institutional repositories will need to address this cultural diversity.
INITIAL STAGES OF SIO2 FORMATION ON SI (111)

Using novel UHV sample preparation techniques and photoelectron spectroscopies, the detailed atomic coordination, spatial characteristics, and growth kinetics of Si-SiO 2 interfaces have been elucidated. The kinetics of in situ oxide formation were studied by dosing cleaved Si (111) surfaces with O 2 . The unique tunability of synchrotron radiation allows interpretation of the microscopic bonding from the antibonding states measured by constant-final-state (CFS) photoyield, where oxygen-induced Si (2p) core shifts provide insufficient information. Two intermediate oxidation states of Si are manifested by the 2p core electron shifts previously reported at 1.6 and 2.6 eV. These oxides are shown to be uniquely coordinated by our observation of spin-orbit splitting in the shifted peaks. However, these peaks are only precursors of SiO 2 formation since the three inner-well resonances characteristic of SiO 4 tetrahedra are not observed in the CFS spectrum. By varying the photoelectron kinetic energy and hence escape depth, these oxide states are found to form below the Si (111) surface double-layer. We understand this and the excess oxygen coordination upon annealing to be caused by O 2 molecules covalently-bonded as peroxy radicals to the surface Si. By dosing with atmospheric pressure of O 2 , by using “excited” oxygen, or by heating the Si substrate, the activation barrier is overcome and the subsurface Si can become tetrahedrally coordinated with oxygen as in SiO 2 . Since interatomic core-level transitions are limited to near-neighbor atoms, we have used them as a probe to show that an atomically abrupt Si-SiO 2 interface-can be formed only by high temperature (-1000C) oxide growth. Even in this case, isolated Si-O bonds remain in the connective region and are characterized by the 1.6 eV Si (2p) chemical shift. A model is presented for interface growth which distinguishes between intra- and inter-layer bonds.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Aphasia

Aphasia has been the subject of fascination for some and bewilderment for many since the mid-18th century. Controversy about aphasia originated with the term aphasia itself, which was offered by the French neurologist Trosseau in competition with Broca’s personal choice, “aphemia” (Benton, 1981). Although the term aphasia has now gained general acceptance, its definition and implications remain the subject of what is sometimes an acrimonious debate. For example, some view aphasia as a single or unitary disability while others refer to aphasic disorders and view aphasia as a class of disabilities. In addition, controversies about whether specific varieties of aphasia exist remain unresolved. With so much controversy, it is not at all surprising that even experienced neuropsychologists regard aphasia as a very complex area.
Der sogenannte „Tumor ovarii Brenner” (Fibroepithelioma mucinosum benignum ovarii)

1. Den bisher beschriebenen Fallen von Brennertumor (Fibroepithelioma mucinosum benignum ovarii) werden 8 neue hinzugefugt, darunter ein fast mikroskopisch kleiner. 2. Der Tumor war in allen 8 Fallen ohne klinische Bedeutung. 3. Bei einem fast mikroskopisch kleinen Tumor lies sich Kontinuitat mit dem Peritonealepithel nachweisen. Bei einem der groseren Tumoren (Fall 8) lies sich der Zusammenhang mitWalthardschen Zellherden auserst wahrscheinlich machen. 4. In einem Fall (Fall 8) ergab sich in Serienschnitten die Kontinuitat von Brennertumor und glandularem Ovarialcystom. 5. Der Brennertumor kann multizentrisch entstehen. 6. Es scheint, das Gebilde, die denWalthardschen Zellherden durchaus gleichen, bei der erwachsenen Frau aus dem Peritonealepithel entstehen konnen. 7. Die Epithelstrange sind der masgebende Anteil des Brennertumors. Das Bindegewebe wird in verschiedener Weise vom Epithel beeinflust. 8. In manchen mit einem Brennertumor behafteten Ovarien sindWalthardsche Zellherde zahlreich, in anderen sehr sparlich. 9. Die Bezeichnung Fibroepithelioma mucinosum benignum wird vorgeschlagen.
The teaching dimension of linear learners

Teaching dimension is a learning theoretic quantity that specifies the minimum training set size to teach a target model to a learner. Previous studies on teaching dimension focused on version-space learners which maintain all hypotheses consistent with the training data, and cannot be applied to modern machine learners which select a specific hypothesis via optimization. This paper presents the first known teaching dimension for ridge regression, support vector machines, and logistic regression. We also exhibit optimal training sets that match these teaching dimensions. Our approach generalizes to other linear learners.
Rayleigh Microwave Scattering for Diagnostics of Atmospheric-Pressure Microplasmas*

Conventional diagnostics cannot be used to measure plasma parameters of atmospheric pressure plasmas if plasma size is small (<1 mm) and density is low (<1013 cm−3). Microwave interferometry fails due to necessity to choose high testing frequency because of small plasma size, which leads to undetectable phase shift. Laser Thomson scattering has limited sensitivity for measuring plasmas with low ionization degree, namely minimal plasma ionization degree is about 10−6 (~1013 cm−3 for atmospheric pressure discharges), and it requires very significant accumulation of the signal (105–106 pulses) which is problematic in case of rapidly evolving non-reproducible plasmas.
Configuration of Statistical Postprocessing Techniques for Improved Low-Level Wind Speed Forecasts in West Texas

AbstractThe wind energy industry needs accurate forecasts of wind speeds at turbine hub height and in the rotor layer to accurately predict power output from a wind farm. Current numerical weather ...