cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
OGO-5 observations of the magnetopause

The magnetopause is a dynamic boundary with a bewildering variety of signatures. OGO-5 observations show not only that the average boundary position moves in response to changes in dynamic pressure, but also that it moves in response to changes in the north-south component of the interplanetary field. Further, the boundary often oscillates about its average position as waves propagate along the boundary away from the nose region. The variation of the magnetic field through the boundary at times can be a simple rotation with no change in magnitude, and at other times can resemble a simple tangential discontinuity. However, it often displays complex patterns such as field enhancements on the magnetospheric side of the boundary or apparently uncorrelated field strength and direction changes. One particularly simple boundary crossing has been studied in detail with both positive ion data and magnetic field data. In this case, the electron and ion currents could be separately deduced and the structure agreed with that expected for a Chapman-Ferraro boundary with almost complete neutralization. Examination of ELF magnetic and VLF electric field data at the magnetopause revealed only occasional emissions within the field gradients.
Communications and control for a home automation system

Describes the Consumer Electronic Bus (CEBus) network layers as they were specified by the Electronic Industries Association (EIA). The CEBus is a product of an effort by the EIA to standardize communication between the 'smart home' network modules. A description of the communication and the transfer of control between different layers is given. >
Gaussian Mixture Models based on the Phase Spectra for Illumination Invariant Face Identification on the Yale Database

The appearance of a face is severely altered by illumination conditions that makes automatic face recognition a challenging task. In [14], we introduced an illumination- invariant face identification method based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) and the phase spectra of the Fourier Transform of images. In this paper we explore the application of this identification scheme on the Yale database that contains images with a greater degree of illumination variations. The novelty of our approach is that the model is able to capture the illumination variations so aptly that it yields satisfactory results without an illumination normalization unlike most existing methods. Identification based on a MAP estimate achieves misclassitication error rate of 3.5% and a low verification rate of 0.4% on this database with 10 people and 64 different illumination conditions. Both these sets of results are significantly better than those obtained from traditional PCA and LDA classifiers. We next show that upon illumination normalization, our method succeeds in attaining near-perfect results using the reconstructed images. A rigorous comparison with existing state-of-the-art approaches demonstrates that our proposed technique outperforms all of those. Furthermore, some statistical analyses pertaining to Bayesian model selection and large-scale performance evaluation based on random effects model are included.
Period-doubling mode interactions with circular symmetry

Abstract A two-parameter analysis of the interaction between two period-doubling modes with azimuthal wavenumbers k and l (l>k≥1) is carried out for systems with circular symmetry. The problem is formulated in terms of an O(2)-equivariant map on C 2. In the generic case all primary, secondary and tertiary solution branches and their stability properties are classified. The results depend on whether k + l is odd or even. When one mode bifurcates subcritically and the other supercritically the pure mode branches lose stability to a branch of reflection-symmetric mixed modes, which in turn can undergo a tertiary Hopf bifurcation to a quasiperiodic reflection-symmetric pattern. We conjecture that this invariant circle can break down with increasing amplitude to produce reflection-symmetric chaos. Additional “phase” instabilities may occur in which the reflection symmetry is broken, and the resulting pattern drifts either clockwise or counterclockwise. The results explain a number of observations by Ciliberto and Gollub on parametrically excited surface waves in circular geometry, and imply several new predictions for such experiments. In an appendix the theory is compared with previous attempts to model the experiments.
Retinal Angiogenesis in the Ins2Akita Mouse Model of Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working age adults and does not have any curative treatments. Although chemical- and injury-induced models of retinal neovascularization exist, the need for a genetic model that closely simulates the DR pathologic process is great. Methods Here we characterize the development of the retinal disease phenotype in a genetic model of type 1 diabetes, the Ins2(Akita) mouse, using structural, biochemical, molecular biological, and functional techniques. Results This model exhibits hyperglycemia by 2 months of age and by 6 months we detect retinal complications in Ins2(Akita) males, including early signs of vascular damage consistent with DR, specifically the appearance of pericyte ghosts, vascular leakage, and microaneurysm formation. By 9 months of age, these changes are accompanied by later vascular signs of DR, specifically retinal neovascularization, formation of new capillary beds, and the presence of new blood vessels abnormally localized in the outer plexiform layer. Consistent with the debilitating effects of such vasculopathy, we also observe increased retinal apoptosis and decreased retinal function measured by electroretinogram. Conclusions These data indicate that the Ins2(Akita) mouse is a good model for later-onset DR, modeling both early and some late disease signs. Furthermore, this work suggests that this model may be suitable for testing and development of targeted DR therapies.
Sonic Hedgehog Functions as a Mitogen During Bell Stage of Odontogenesis

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are required for tissue growth and gene expression patterns during odontogenesis. We showed previously that Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is detectable in both dental epithelium and mesenchyme, while Shh transcripts are present in dental epithelium only, suggesting that SHH functions as an autocrine signal in epithelium and a paracrine signal in mesenchyme. This hypothesis was tested here. We found by in situ hybridization that the SHH autocrine receptor Ptch-2 is indeed expressed in dental epithelium whereas the paracrine receptor Ptc is expressed in mesenchyme. Bovine bell stage tooth germs were microsurgically separated into epithelial and mesenchymal portions and the resulting tissue fragments were organ-cultured. In epithelium fragments cultured by themselves, gene expression of Shh and Gli-1 (a putative transcriptional mediator of hedgehog signaling) was significantly decreased in both inner dental epithelium and stratum intermedium layers; this was accompanied by a sharp ...
Denali fault slip rates and Holocene-late Pleistocene kinematics of central Alaska

The Denali fault is the principal intracontinental strike-slip fault accommodating deformation of interior Alaska associated with the Yakutat plate convergence. We obtained the first quantitative late Pleistocene–Holocene slip rates on the Denali fault system from dating offset geomorphic features. Analysis of cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in boulders ( n = 27) and sediment ( n = 13) collected at seven sites, offset 25–170 m by the Denali and Totschunda faults, gives average ages that range from 2.4 ± 0.3 ka to 17.0 ± 1.8 ka. These offsets and ages yield late Pleistocene– Holocene average slip rates of 9.4 ± 1.6, 12.1 ± 1.7, and 8.4 ± 2.2 mm/yr−1 along the western, central, and eastern Denali fault, respectively, and 6.0 ± 1.2 mm/yr−1 along the Totschunda fault. Our results suggest a westward decrease in the mean Pleistocene– Holocene slip rate. This westward decrease likely results from partitioning of slip from the Denali fault system to thrust faults to the north and west.
Solution structure of the ligand binding domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor: role of heparin in the activation of the receptor.

The three-dimensional solution structure of the ligand binding D2 domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is determined using multidimensional NMR techniques. The atomic root-mean-square distribution for the backbone atoms in the structured region is 0.64 A. Secondary structural elements in the D2 domain include 11 β-strands arranged antiparallely into two layers of β-sheets. The structure of the D2 domain is characterized by the presence of a short flexible helix that protrudes out of the layers of β-sheets. Results of size exclusion chromatography and sedimentation velocity experiments show that the D2 domain exists in a monomeric state both in the presence and in the absence of bound sucrose octasulfate (SOS), a structural analogue of heparin. Comparison of the solution structure of the D2 domain with the crystal structure of the protein (D2 domain) in the FGF signaling complex reveals significant differences, suggesting that ligand (FGF) binding may induce significant conformational cha...
Tritium labelling and characterization of the antimalarial drug (+/−)-chloroquine by several methods

Abstract To study its mechanism of antimalarial action, a tritium labelled analogue of (+/−)-chloroquine was required at high specific activity. Two synthetic methods were successfully employed. [3 - 3 H ] (+/−) -Chloroquine 2 was prepared by the catalytic tritium dehalogenation of an iodo precursor and [ N-ethyl- 3 H ] (+/−) -chloroquine 4 was synthesized by the alkylation of (+/−)-desethylchloroquine with [ 3 H ] ethyl iodide.
Building Heritage Partnerships: Working Together for Heritage Preservation and Local Tourism in Appalachia

We wanted and needed to create a coal mining heritage park that could combine history, education, science, and recreation…it was a big job and we didn't have the expertise to do it, didn't have the training, didn't have much of the technical support that we needed…And then we needed to collect our oral history because our people are dying so rapidly-and so the university [Radford University] helped us do that. It was a creation of a larger community of actors. And so it just sort of doubled or increased our power to do what we needed to do. This partnership of ours has been great. It's been ten years, and counting. (Jimmie L. Price, President of the Coal Mining Heritage Association, March 19, 2005)
Fulminant Clostridium difficile Colitis: Patterns of Care and Predictors of Mortality

Hypothesis There exist predictors of mortality and the need for colectomy among patients with fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis. Design Retrospective study. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Patients We reviewed the records of 4796 inpatients diagnosed as having C difficile colitis from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2007, and identified 199 (4.1%) with fulminant C difficile colitis, as defined by the need for colectomy or admission to the intensive care unit for C difficile colitis. Main Outcome Measures Risk of inpatient mortality was determined by multivariate analysis according to clinical predictors, colectomy, and medical team. Results The inhospital mortality rate for fulminant C difficile colitis was 34.7%. Independent predictors of mortality included the following: (1) age of 70 years or older, (2) severe leukocytosis or leukopenia (white blood cell count, ≥35 000/μL or P = .08). Among patients admitted primarily for fulminant C difficile colitis, care in the surgical department compared with the nonsurgical department resulted in a higher rate of operation (85.1% vs 11.2%; P P = .001). Patients admitted directly to the surgical department had a shorter mean (SD) interval from admission to operation (0 vs 1.7 [2.8] days; P = .001). Conclusions Despite awareness and treatment, fulminant C difficile colitis remains a highly lethal disease. Reliable predictors of mortality exist and should be used to prompt aggressive surgical intervention. Survival rates are higher in patients who were cared for by surgical vs nonsurgical departments, possibly because of more frequent and earlier operations.
Phase Equilibria in the Systems UF4‐ThF4 and Li F‐UF4‐ThF4

As part of a study of materials potentially useful as fluid fuels for high-temperature reactors, equilibrium diagrams for the condensed systems UF4–ThF4 and LiF-UF4–ThF4 have been determined. Both thermal analysis and quenching techniques were used with phase identification accomplished by microscopic and X-ray dsraction analyses. A complete series of solid solutions without maximum or minimum is formed by UF4 and ThF4. Within the system LiF-UF4–ThF, there occur three invariant points and seven primary phases of which four are ternary solid solutions. Optical properties for all the solid solutions, fractionation paths for the ternary solid solutions, and compatibility triangles for the ternary invariant points have been determined.
Are nucleon-nucleon inputs good enough yet for the analysis of proton-helium elastic scattering at medium energies?

Abstract We find that for 0.4 GeV protons nucleon-nucleon data have enough accuracy for detailed analyses of proton-helium elastic scattering. Continued sensitivity to nucleon-nucleon inputs and an unexpected discrepancy below the first minimum suggest a need for caution in extracting nuclear information.
The relationship between pH and zeta potential of ∼ 30 nm metal oxide nanoparticle suspensions relevant to in vitro toxicological evaluations

Zeta potential measurements are common in nanotoxicology. This research probes the effects of pH and time on nanoparticle zeta potential, agglomerate size, and cellular viability. The nanoparticles...
Identifying differences in biased affective information processing in major depression

This study investigates the extent to which participants with major depression differ from healthy comparison participants in the irregularities in affective information processing, characterized by deficits in facial expression recognition, intensity categorization, and reaction time to identifying emotionally salient and neutral information. Data on diagnoses, symptom severity, and affective information processing using a facial recognition task were collected from 66 participants, male and female between ages 18 and 54 years, grouped by major depressive disorder (N=37) or healthy non-psychiatric (N=29) status. Findings from MANCOVAs revealed that major depression was associated with a significantly longer reaction time to sad facial expressions compared with healthy status. Also, depressed participants demonstrated a negative bias towards interpreting neutral facial expressions as sad significantly more often than healthy participants. In turn, healthy participants interpreted neutral faces as happy significantly more often than depressed participants. No group differences were observed for facial expression recognition and intensity categorization. The observed effects suggest that depression has significant effects on the perception of the intensity of negative affective stimuli, delayed speed of processing sad affective information, and biases towards interpreting neutral faces as sad.
Relationship among Body Image, Sex, and Popularity of High School Students

Body dissatisfaction and attempts to lose weight are increasingly common among adolescents. Research has identified a number of factors significantly associated with body image, including sex, media, parental relationship, and puberty as well as weight and popularity. It was hypothesized that popular adolescents would have greater body dissatisfaction, more body distortion, and lower body esteem. From a rural high school 116 10th and 12th grade students were surveyed. Two teachers from the school also completed a Body Image Figure scale for each student. Subjects rated each grade member on a 5-point Likert-type scale, indicating how much they liked the classmate. A Social Preference rating (Popularity) was calculated for each subject from these ratings. Each subject also completed a Body Image Figure scale and Body Esteem scale. Body distortion was calculated by comparing the teachers' and a student's responses. Significant sex differences were found for scores on body satisfaction, distortion, and esteem...
Characterizing symmetric designs by their symmetries

Abstract A number of important symmetric ( v , k , 2) designs, or biplanes, have the property that the automorphisms fixing some block B act transitively on unordered pairs of points of B . Over the past two decades, a number of authors have tried either to produce an infinite family of biplanes with this property or else to show that only finitely many exist. We settle this question, by determining all such biplanes: only five exist. The proof is somewhat unusual in that it relies on algebraic geometry and the modular representation theory of groups.
Multiple Minima in Photoionization Cross Sections of Excited Atoms

The dipole matrix element for the Cs $9d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\epsilon}f$ photoionizing transition is found theoretically to have three zeros, as a function of photoelectron energy. In addition, a zero in the $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p$ channel also appears. The explanation of the phenomenon in terms of relative phase shifts is given and the generality of these multiminima is discussed. The consequences of these zeros in cross sections and angular distributions are also spelled out.
Retail productivity assessment using data envelopment analysis

Abstract Current approaches to retail productivity measurement have long been controversial because of difficulties in identifying the level of retail services. Data Envelopment Analysis, an operations research-based performance evaluation methodology, is introduced as one solution for resolving this problem and assessing managerially useful measure of store-level retail productivity. Data Envelopment Analysis measures relative-to-best performance efficiency of retail outlets characterized by multiple inputs and outputs. In an empirical illustration, using data collected over time from retail stores belonging to a restaurant chain, the potential applications and strengths of Data Envelopment Analysis in assessing retail productivity are highlighted.
Alteration of leopard frog (Rana pipiens) metamorphosis by the herbicide acetochlor.

Based on the geographic correlation between the use of the pre-emergent herbicide acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl) acetamide] and the natural range of Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), we investigated the effects of acetochlor (ACETO) on frog metamorphosis. We specifically examined the interaction of ACETO with thyroid hormone (T3) and corticosterone (CORT), hormones that regulate natural metamorphosis. ACETO, T3, and CORT were administered via immersion. Growth, developmental stage, and onset of metamorphic climax (forelimb emergence, FLE) were measured. We examined three hypotheses: (1) ACETO may alter metamorphosis. Premetamorphic tadpoles with low endogenous T3 were exposed to ACETO ± 10−9 M T3 for 7 days. 67% of tadpoles exposed to ACETO + T3 attained FLE, while 0% of T3 treated animals did. (2) ACETO mimics T3 action at the thyroid receptor (TR). Tadpoles were pretreated with T3 for 3 days to induce TR expression, then treated for 7 days with vehicle (DMSO), T3, or ACETO ± T3. ACETO treatment after T3 priming did not accelerate FLE, suggesting that ACETO does not interact directly with the TR. Cotreatment with ACETO + T3 after T3 priming accelerated FLE relative to tadpoles primed with T3, then treated with T3. Because the ACETO + T3 acceleration of FLE appeared similar to the effect of CORT, we examined a third hypothesis: (3) ACETO may interact with CORT to accelerate FLE. Premetamorphic tadpoles were exposed to various doses of ACETO ± T3 in the presence or absence of 10−7 M CORT. CORT inhibited growth and hindlimb development and delayed FLE. ACETO never inhibited growth or hindlimb development, but ACETO did counteract the effects of CORT when T3 was present. ACETO consistently accelerated T3-induced metamorphosis, apparently interacting with T3 via a non-TR–mediated mechanism.
Inflammation: A Quarter Century Of Progress

This report summarizes the progress of studies on inflammation during the past quarter century; it is a personal overview of the most important and salient accomplishments in this field. Except for a few references to review articles and textbooks in the field, much of the literature surveyed is not cited.
Hyphal mats formed by two ectomycorrhizal fungi and their association with Douglas-fir seedlings: A case study

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Gautieria monticola and Hysterangium setchellii both form dense hyphal mats in coniferous forest soils of the Pacific Northwest. We recently observed that all Douglas-fir seedlings found under the canopy of a maturing 60–75 year stand were associated with mats formed by ectomycorrhizal fungi. The significance of these mat communities in relation to seedling establishment and survival is discussed.
Exfoliated and intercalated polyamide-imide nanocomposites with montmorillonite

Abstract Polyamide-imide (PAI) is a high performance condensation polymer, which has high heat resistance and high radiation resistance. Solvent suspensions of PAI are widely used in magnetic wire coatings. Montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were investigated for the concentration effects on dispersion, glass transition, degradation, and mechanical properties. Samples were prepared using a controlled torque stirrer and slow solvent extraction was followed for the cast samples. Optical microscopy shows that the surface of the cast sample has increased edge–edge clay platelet attraction. Transmission electron microscopy of the through thickness sample indicated platelet edges, increased face–face coagulated states and some edge–edge flocculated states of tactoid formation. X-ray diffraction indicated that for 1% sample a highly exfoliated structure was obtained while between 1.5 and 3% intercalated and exfoliated dispersions were obtained. The glass transition was not significantly affected by clay presence but a drop in specific heat change was observed for all samples showing a 001 clay peak presence. The first heating scan showed PAI solvent and MMT organic emission but these emissions did not affect the PAI chemically. Degradation was altered by the level of matrix shielding by the clay. Hardness values were increased with clay presence but unaffected by concentration.
Incorporation of uplink channel state information into an end-to-end coded satellite communication system

Satellite communications systems employing forward error correction (FEC) codes are simplified when the code is applied at the source's transmitter and removed at the end user's receiver (end-to-end coding), avoiding decoding and re-encoding on board the satellite. Channel capacity can be approached when channel state information from the uplink is incorporated into the soft information input to the downlink decoder. For fading channels, the channel state information is time-varying and must be updated frequently. This paper will describe techniques for both measuring and incorporating practical, bandwidth efficient uplink channel state information in an end-to-end coded satellite communications system. Link performance with and without channel state information will be compared. A technique for estimating channel state information will also be analyzed.
The Library as Partner in University Data Curation: A Case Study in Collaboration.

Data curation is a concept with many facets. Curation goes beyond research-generated data, and its principles can support the preservation of institutions’ historical data. Libraries are well-positioned to bring relevant expertise to such problems, especially those requiring collaboration, because of their experience as neutral caretakers and information professionals. This article details how one university library partnered with various campus entities, specifically the Office of Alumni Relations and the Photographic Services Department, as well as the Division of University Advancement, to further two data curation projects involving university yearbooks and a historical negative and photograph collection. Collaboration was necessary in order to achieve the desired result: the ongoing management and preservation of these resources for their promotional worth and as tools for scholarly research. These efforts allowed for the digitization, management, and preservation of the original resources as well as...
Hydrogen Bonding Influence of 1,10-Phenanthroline on Five-Coordinate High-Spin Imidazole-Ligated Iron(II) Porphyrinates

The influence of a hydrogen bond to the coordinated imidazole on the geometric and electronic structure of iron has been further studied in new complexes of five-coordinate high-spin imidazole-ligated iron(II) porphyrinates. With 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen) as the hydrogen-bond acceptor, several new octaethylporphyrin dianion (OEP) and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin dianion (TPP) derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and Mossbauer spectroscopy. In all three new structures, the porphyrin molecules and 1,10-phenanthroline molecules have been found with a ratio of 1:1. All the porphyrin derivatives are five-coordinate 2-methylimidazole-ligated iron(II) species. 1,10-Phenanthroline is hydrogen bonded to the coordinated imidazole to form two unequal hydrogen bonds. The Fe-N p and Fe-N Im bond lengths and displacement of the iron atom out of the porphyrin plane are similar to those in imidazole-ligated species. Mossbauer measurements showed remarkable temperature dependence; the analysis of the data obtained in applied magnetic field for [Fe(OEP)(2-MeHIm)].(1,10-phen) gave a negative quadrupole splitting value and large asymmetry parameters. All the structural and Mossbauer properties suggest that these new hydrogen-bonded species have the same electronic configuration as imidazole-ligated species.
Industrial strength polygon clipping: A novel algorithm with applications in VLSI CAD

We present an algorithm to compute the topology and geometry of an arbitrary number of polygon sets in the plane, also known as the map overlay. This algorithm can perform polygon clipping and related operations of interest in VLSI CAD. The algorithm requires no preconditions from input polygons and satisfies a strict set of post conditions suitable for immediate processing of output polygons by downstream tools. The algorithm uses sweepline to compute a Riemann-Stieltjes integral over polygon overlaps in O((n+s)log(n)) time given n polygon edges with s intersections. The algorithm is efficient and general, handling degenerate inputs implicitly. Particular care was taken in implementing the algorithm to ensure numerical robustness without sacrificing efficiency. We present performance comparisons with other polygon clipping algorithms and give examples of real world applications of our algorithm in an industrial software setting.
The first suckling episode in the rat: the role of endogenous activity at mu and kappa opioid receptors.

The present study examined the role of endogenous activity at mu and kappa opioid receptors in attachment to and ingestion of milk from a surrogate nipple in cesarean-delivered newborn rats prior to regular suckling experience. Selective opioid antagonist drugs were injected into the cisterna magna (IC administration) or lateral ventricles (ICV administration). Blockade of endogenous activity at mu opioid receptors by IC administration of the selective antagonist CTOP reduced attachment time and markedly increased disengagements from the nipple. CTOP also increased the intensity of suckling measured as milk intake per min attached to the nipple, when milk was available from the nipple in a free-access regime, and enhanced intake when milk was infused through an intraoral cannula aside from the suckling context. The ICV administration of the selective kappa antagonist nor-BNI considerably increased latency to grasp the surrogate nipple, while time on the nipple and milk intake were decreased. The presented data suggest that populations of mu and kappa receptor-containing neurons, differentiable by the route of antagonist administration, play an important role in initiation and maintenance of suckling behavior in the newborn rat during its first encounter with the nipple and milk. The kappa opioid system is predominantly involved in the initiation of the newborn's behavior directed toward the nipple providing milk. The role of the mu opioid system seems more complicated: it transforms initial oral grasp responses into sustained attachment to the nipple and maintains the intake of milk at a certain physiological level.
Making sense of data structures exams

Is there consensus on what students should learn in CS2? Should they learn to use data structures, understand their specific implementation details, or both? Finally, has the computing education community's answer to the second question changed over time? In this paper, we begin to explore these questions based on an analysis of a key artifact instructors use to assess their students' performance: their final exams. Specifically, we look at two CS2 concepts as covered in those exams: stacks and hashtables.Our dataset includes 76 exams from 14 institutions around the world spanning 1973-2009 that were gathered as part of the DCER project, which is investigating the feasibility of a repository for computing education research data; to our knowledge this is a novel dataset in computing education. We begin by giving a general feel for this extensive dataset by describing the formats and difficulty level of the stack and hashtable questions and the computing skill students must possess to answer them. Next, we look at the questions' assessment of implementation knowledge versus interface or application knowledge. Despite a number of calls for modern CS2 to focus more on application than implementation, we found no evidence of such a trend. We note, however, that there are institutional differences in the data, and that there are alternative ways in which application may be assessed in a course.
Parasitism of the backswimmer Buenoa scimitra (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) by the water mite Hydrachna virella (Acari: Hydrachnellae)

SUMMARY. The life cycle of Hydrachna virella, a water mite parasitic on the notonectid backswimmer Buenoa scimitra, is described. The mite parasitizes immature instars 2–5 as well as adult males and females of the notonectid. Parasitized immature backswimmers spent longer periods of time between moults than unparasitized immature backswimmers. Initially attaching mites appeared to be generally distributed over the host body surface but previously attached mites that reattached after host ecdysis were found primarily on the dorsum of the thorax. The observed frequency distribution of mite larvae on the host was similar to that predicted by the negative binomial distribution.
Engineering Surface Functional Groups on Silica Aerogel for Enhanced Cleanup of Organics from Produced Water

Abstract Engineering the surface functional groups of silica aerogels has resulted in greatly enhanced separation capabilities. This approach is used to design a material that is effective at reducing the dissolved organic components of produced water. This study reports the initial results of removing dissolved hydrophobic organics using a hydrophobic (CH2CH2CF3) surface group on the silica aerogel. The 30% by weight formulation CF3‐aerogel was able to adsorb dissolved organic species with log Kow > 2.0, with adsorption affinity increasing with increasing log Kow. Seawater salinities did not have a large effect on the adsorption of aromatic compounds. Most dissolved aromatics and organic acids with the same log Kow that were tested had differing affinities for the CF3‐aerogel, with the aromatics affinity being greater. These results show the utility of modifying the aerogel surface hydrophobicity for absorbing hydrophobic dissolved organic compounds. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S....
Double negative: The necessity principle, commognitive conflict, and negative number operations

Abstract We use the DNR framework to analyze a classroom episode introducing negative integer exponents, comparing and contrasting our analysis with Sfard's recent commognitive analysis of a similar episode concerning multiplication of signed numbers. Students in both episodes objected to the standard rules for integer products or exponents, and they persisted in preferring their own rules even after the teacher justified the standard ones. We examine how pattern-based justifications may not address students’ intellectual needs, and we suggest other pedagogical strategies that promote student reasoning.
A High-Order Cut-Cell Method for Numerical Simulation of Hypersonic Boundary Layer with Surface Roughness

Hypersonic boundary -layer transition can be effected significantly by surface roughnes s. In this paper, the receptivity process induced by interaction of Mach 5.92 flow over flat plate under the combination effect of two -dimensional surface roughness and blow -suction is investigated . A new hi gh -order cut -cell method is developed to generate cut cells in the irregular domain. T he governing Navier -Stokes equations are solved by using third -order non -uniform upwind finite difference method in the irregular cells. A high -order shock fitting method is also employed to treat the upper bow -shock to maintain the overall accuracy. Both steady state solutions and unsteady solutions have been obtained by using the new method . F or simulating steady flow with roughness , the re is significant change inside th e boundary layer, but not vary significant ly away from the wall . For unsteady flow, the preliminary results for flow in stability induced by both blow -suction slot and roughness have also been obtained.
Interpretations of intuitionist logic in non-normal modal logics

Historically, it was the interpretations of intuitionist logic in the modal logic S4 that inspired the standard Kripke semantics for intuitionist logic. The inspiration of this paper is the interpretation of intuitionist logic in the non-normal modal logic S3: an S3 model structure can be 'looked at' as an intuitionist model structure and the semantics for S3 can be 'cashed in' to obtain a non-normal semantics for intuitionist propositional logic. This non-normal semantics is then extended to intuitionist quantificational logic.
Mutations in the human retinal degeneration slow gene in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

THE murine retinal degeneration slow (rds) gene is a semidominant mutation with a phenotype having rod and cone photoreceptors that develop abnormally and then slowly degenerate1–3. The phenotype is a possible model for retinitis pigmentosa, one of the scores of hereditary human retinal degenerations, which is also characterized by photoreceptor degeneration. We report here three mutations of the human homologue of the rds gene (RDS) that cosegregate with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in separate families. Our results indicate that some cases of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa are due to mutations at the RDS locus.
A STUDY OF CALLITHAMNION LEJOLISEA FARL.1

SUMMARY The study of various aspects of the structure and development of Callithamnion lejolisea Farl. shows that this species is incorrectly referred to that genus. It is proposed that C. lejolisea should be, made the type species of a new genus, Ptilothamnionopsis. In addition, various other Pacific algae possibly referable to this genus are briefly considered.
Ca2+ signaling in human fetoplacental vasculature: effect of CGRP on umbilical vein smooth muscle cytosolic Ca2+ concentration.

CGRP is a potent vasodilator with increased levels in fetoplacental circulation during late pregnancy. We have recently demonstrated that acute CGRP exposure to fetoplacental vessels in vitro induc...
Maximizing spectral efficiency with imperfect channel information in high mobility systems

This paper studies the optimum system design that can maximize the spectral efficiency of a high mobility wireless communication system with imperfect channel state information (CSI). In a high mobility system, the percentage of pilot symbols in the transmitted symbols plays a critical role on system performance: a higher pilot percentage yields a more accurate channel estimation at the cost of more overhead. The channel estimation mean square error is quantified as a closed-form expression of the pilot percentage through asymptotic analysis. The effects of both estimation at pilot locations and channel interpolation at non-pilot locations are studied. The results are then used to derive an analytical spectral efficiency lower bound for systems operating with imperfect CSI. The spectral efficiency lower bound is expressed as an explicit function of a number of parameters, such as pilot percentage, maximum Doppler spread, and the signal-to-noise ratio, etc. The optimum pilot percentage that can maximize the spectral efficiency lower bound is analytically identified, and the impacts of imperfect CSI on system performance are studied through both analytical and simulation results.
Preface to the Good Practice Guidelines for the Assessment and Treatment of Adults with Gender Dysphoria

I want to congratulate the authors and the Intercollegiate Committee of the Royal College of Psychiatrists for the publication of the Good Practice Guidelines for the Assessment and Treatment of Ad...
Substituent effect on anthracene-based bisboronic acid glucose sensors

Abstract Earlier we communicated an anthracene-based bisboronic acid sensor for glucose. Aimed at understanding the substituent effect, we have introduced various functional groups, such as the cyano, nitro, and fluoro group on the boronic acid moiety of this glucose sensor. Fluorescent binding studies indicated that the cyano-substituted sensor ( 4a ) has the highest affinity (K 2540 M−1) for glucose, but the lowest selectivity (three-fold over fructose); the fluoro-substituted compound ( 4c ) shows the lowest affinity (630 M−1) and a modest selectivity (15-fold over fructose); and the unsubstituted one ( 1a ) shows the highest selectivity over fructose (43-fold) and a modest affinity (1472 M−1).
Costs and benefits of structured information foraging

People spend an enormous amount of time searching for and saving information online. Existing tools capture only a small portion of the cognitive processing a user engages in while making sense of a new domain. In this paper we introduce a novel interface for capturing online information in a structured but lightweight way. We use this interface as a platform to experimentally characterize the costs and benefits of structuring information during the sensemaking process. Our results contribute empirical knowledge relevant to theories of information seeking and sensemaking, and practical implications for the development of tools to capture and share online information.
Discourse and practice in human geography

This article examines the way in which our disciplinary discourse shapes our material practices as researchers and our ways of thinking. It uses as a case study the term ‘competitive ness’, considering its origins and meanings within economics and business, the way these are imported into our own work, and the consequences of an unexamined acceptance of the validity and meaning of the term. The article works through two examples of discourse in action, asking to what degree Nike's ‘competitiveness’ depends on access to low-cost labour in offshore pro duction sites, and whether the ‘competitiveness’ of Baltimore would be harmed by adopting the ‘living wage’ as the local minimum. The article argues the necessity of analysing ourselves as social and historical actors and assessing the way we work and the way we use language in order to strengthen our research and improve the standing of the discipline.
Some methods for more efficient processing of SEM specimens

SUMMARY Three techniques are described for increasing the quantity of specimens which may be processed for SEM while maintaining the quality of the final product. They are: a simple stainless steel holder for safe manipulation of coverslips during incubation and fixation; a coverslip carrier which permits four or more coverslips to be dehydrated and critically point dried at the same time; and a simple pattern for making baskets to hold relatively large but delicate specimens during processing for SEM. Processing soft tissues for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) presents many problems depending on the size, shape and type of specimen. Cohen (1974) presented an overall view of this problem. Methods for handling cells in suspension have been suggested by Baker & Princen (1975), Newell & Roath (1975) and Rostgaard & Christensen (1975). Tissue culture specimens are also difficult to process for SEM. These may be long-term cultures such as fibroblasts or kidney cells, or short-term preparations such as the collecting of white blood cells or bacteria on coverslips. Nemanic (1972) described a method using Tygon tubing with slits to hold the coverslips after incubation. Perecko et al. (1973) gave details of a holder for processing six small (6 mm) coverslips after incubation. Rice et al. (1976) designed several complex multipurpose carriers for 9 × 22 mm coverslips and for cells on silver or cellulose membrane filters. Broers et al. (1975) used a mesh receptacle for bacteria attached to silicon dioxide slivers. Many investigators simply process pieces of plastic cut from the tissue culture dish itself. Using the plastic directly avoids the problems of incubating cells on glass coverslips. Coverslips are fragile and difficult to remove from the culture dish or flask. Each coverslip must be processed individually, increasing the risk of breakage and limiting the number which can be done at one time. For processing larger tissues there are commercial baskets available. Cohen (1974) illustrated mesh baskets for odd sizes and shapes of soft tissues. We have devised a simple holder which facilitates the use of 12 mm 0 grade coverslips in several types of culture dishes. We have developed a multipurpose carrier which increases the number of coverslips which can be processed for SEM and reduces the number of manipulations needed for each individual coverslip. This carrier can be used for histological and histochemical studies as well as SEM processing. We have modified Cohen's technique (1974) for mesh baskets for larger soft tissue specimens.
Hyperandrogenism, mediated by obesity and receptor polymorphisms, promotes aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer biology.

Abstract Objective. Epidemiologic data suggest that aberrant androgen homeostasis may promote aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer biology. Hyperandrogenism results from both obesity and expression of polymorphic androgen receptor (AR) allelotypes harboring short cytosine–adenine–guanine (CAG) repeat sequences; both have been shown to independently correlate with poor overall survival in ovarian cancer. We have hypothesized that the combination of these factors further manifests an aggressive ovarian cancer phenotype. Methods. Genotype analysis of the AR CAG polymorphism was performed on 81 patients with papillary serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Medical records were reviewed for body mass index (BMI), clinico-pathologic factors, and survival. Data were examined using the Fishers exact test, Kaplan–Meier survival, and Cox regression analyses. Results. Overweight or obese women (BMI ≥25) with a short AR allele (≤19 CAG repeats) demonstrated statistically shorter progression-free survival (9 months) when compared to underweight or ideal body weight women (BMI 19 CAG repeats; 26 months, p =0.0002). Overweight/obese women with a short AR allele also demonstrated shorter overall survival (34 months) when compared to underweight/ideal body weight women with a long AR allele (59 months, p =0.036). On multivariate analyses, the combination of a short AR allele and BMI >25 was an independent poor prognostic factor after controlling for age, stage, grade, optimal cytoreduction, and AR allele length and BMI independently ( p =0.05). Conclusion. These data provide further evidence that suggest that hyperandrogenism promotes an aggressive epithelial ovarian cancer phenotype.
A Cluster-on-a-Chip Architecture for High-Throughput Phylogeny Search

In this paper, we describe an FPGA-based coprocessor architecture that performs a high-throughput branch-and-bound search of the space of phylogenetic trees corresponding to the number of input taxa. Our coprocessor architecture is designed to accelerate maximum-parsimony phylogeny reconstruction for gene-order and sequence data and is amenable to both exhaustive and heuristic tree searches. Our architecture exposes coarse-grain parallelism by dividing the search space among parallel processing elements (PEs) and each PE exposes fine-grain memory parallelism for their lower-bound computation, the kernel computation performed by each PE. Inter-PE communication is performed entirely on-chip. When using this coprocessor for maximum-parsimony reconstruction for gene-order data, our coprocessor achieves a 40X improvement over software in search throughput, corresponding to a 14X end-to-end application improvement when including all communication and systems overheads.
Volatile Flavor Components in Crayfish Waste

Volatile components of crayfish processing waste were analyzed by dynamic headspace/capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and chromatography-coupled aroma perception analysis with simultaneous photoionization detection. One hundred seventeen compounds were identified. The majority of the flavor compounds previously identified in freshly boiled crayfish tail meat and hepatopancreas also were detected in crayfish waste. Many areas in the headspace profile contained good nutty, green woody, sweet fruity and very desirable salty meaty aromas, indicating the presence of important crayfish flavor components in the sample.
Urothelial extension of Wilms tumor presenting as a prolapsing urethral mass

We report a unique case of Wilms tumor presenting as a urethral mass in a patient with bilateral ureteral duplication. The prolapsing urothelial component was contiguous with the intrarenal Wilms tumor and consisted of fetal skeletal muscle free of blastemal or tubular elements.
Constrained tracking control of nonlinear systems

The problem of tracking control for nonlinear systems subject to bounded-control constraints is considered. A novel nonlinear, continuous-time, predictive control approach is taken. Control laws are obtained for both nonlinear systems that are affine in the control and general nonlinear systems. Efficient and reliable algorithms based on contraction mapping theorems are devised for on-line implementation. Illustrative examples are provided.
ON A CLASS OF SPHERICAL HARMONICS ASSOCIATED WITH RIGID BODY MOTION

In the seminal paper [A], Arnold formulated the modern framework for the classical Euler equations. In the case of the generalized n-dimensional rigid body, these may be viewed as Hamilton equations on a coadjoint orbit in so(n) for the kinetic energyform relative to the Kirilov-Kostant sympletic structure. In section 2, we review these constructions. As there are several excellent sources (see [AM], [GS], [R1]) that cover Euler equations in this context, we shall be brief. Although it was Manakov [Ma] who integrated the Euler equations in n-dimensions, several years earlier, Mishchenko [M] had found a whole series of integrals of ‘hydrodynamic type’ (ie. quadratic in the Lie algebra coordinates). In section 3, we present a class of quadratic functions, which are integrals in involution for Legendre transforms of a class of Mishchenko generalized rigid bodyHamiltonians. In the case of SO(3), these are just classical rigid bodyHamiltonians. We then reduce left extensions of these integrals with respect to the left action of SO(n )o nSO(n + 1) at zero momentum. Finally, we show how these integrals also arise via the Moser residue correspondence. In section 4, we quantize the above integrals, and show that the corre