cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trophic Action of Leptin on Hypothalamic Neurons That Regulate Feeding

In adult mammals, the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts on the brain to reduce food intake by regulating the activity of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). Here, we report that neural projection pathways from the ARH are permanently disrupted in leptin-deficient (Lepob/Lepob) mice and leptin treatment in adulthood does not reverse these neuroanatomical defects. However, treatment of Lepob/Lepob neonates with exogenous leptin rescues the development of ARH projections, and leptin promotes neurite outgrowth from ARH neurons in vitro. These results suggest that leptin plays a neurotrophic role during the development of the hypothalamus and that this activity is restricted to a neonatal critical period that precedes leptin's acute regulation of food intake in adults.
A ‘simplest’ steady-state Munch-like model of phloem translocation, with source and pathway and sink

In the 80 years since its introduction by Munch, the pressure-driven mass-flow model of phloem translocation has become hegemonic, and has been mathematically modelled in many different fashions but not, to our knowledge, by one that incorporated the equations of hydrodynamics with those of osmosis and slice-source and slice-sink boundary conditions to yield a system that admits of an analytical steady-state solution for the sap velocity in a single sieve tube. To overcome this situation, we drastically simplified the problem by: (i) justifying a low Peclet number idealisation in which transverse variations could be neglected; (ii) justifying a low viscosity idealisation in which axial pressure drops could be neglected; and (iii) assuming a sink of strength sufficient to lower the photosynthate concentration at the extreme distal end of the sieve tube to levels at which it became unimportant. The resulting ordinary nonlinear second-order differential equation in sap velocity and axial position was of a generalised Lienard form with a single forcing parameter; and this is reason enough for the lack of a known analytic solution. However, since the forcing parameter was very large, it was possible to deduce approximate second-order solutions for behavior in the source, sink and transport regions: the sap velocity is zero at the slice-source, climbs with exponential rapidity to a plateau, maintains this plateau over most of the sieve tube, and then drops with exponential rapidity to zero at the slice-sink.
Postmortem perianal findings in children

The postmortem finding of anal dilation or an exposed pectinate line in children who have died under suspicious circumstances continues to raise the concern of possible sexual abuse. The following multicenter, collaborative study was designed to help address that question. Sixty-five subjects, ranging in age from birth to 17 years, were autopsied at three different sites. A standard protocol along with 35-mm cameras were used to record the results. Thirty-eight (58%) subjects were boys, and 27 (42%) were girls. Forty-two (65%) were white, 10 (15%) African-American, five (8%) Asian, three (5%) white Hispanic and five (8%) other. Fifty-seven (88%) were in Tanner stage I of secondary sexual development. Thirty-four (52%) died of natural causes, 26 (40%) from accidental injuries, three (5%) from other causes, and four (6%) as a result of a homicide. Forty-eight subjects (74%) had some dilation of the anal sphincters. In 21 children (32%), the entire anal canal, including the rectal ampulla, could be visualized. In another 21 (32%) subjects, the pectinate line was exposed. Only the outer portion of the anal canal opened in six children (10%), whereas 17 (26%) had no dilatation of the anus. Anal laxity led to flattened skin folds in 50 (77%), a shallow anal canal in 40 (62%), the exposure of both the pectinate line in 38 (59%), and the anal mucosa in 24 (37%). Venous congestion was present in 14 (22%), venous pooling in three (5%), erythema in six (9%), and increased pigmentation in eight (12%). Funneling was found in two (3%). Blood was present in three (5%), and an abrasion was discovered in one (2%). No fissures, lacerations, hemorrhoids, or scars were found in any of the children. Anal orifice size varied with the age of the child, the amount of traction applied to the buttocks, and a history of a CNS injury at the time of death. It is suggested, finally, that anal dilatation alone cannot be used a marker for prior sexual abuse and the exposure of the pectinate line should not be confused with tears or fissures of the anal verge. Further studies of children known to have been sodomized prior to death are required.
Reactions of Rare Earth Hydrated Nitrates and Oxides with Formamide: Relevant to Recycling Rare Earth Metals

Reactions of hydrated rare earth nitrates with formamide under mild solvothermal reaction conditions give three different rare earth formate structure types Ln(HCOO)3, Ln(HCOO)3·(HCONH2)2, and [CH(NH2)2][Ln(HCOO)4]. The conditions for the formation of a specific structure type were determined as a function of the size of the rare earth cation, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature. Thirteen previously unreported rare earth formates were obtained; nine were isostructural compounds with the composition Ln(HCOO)3·(HCONH2)2 (denoted by LnFA, Ln = Y (1Y), Sm (2Sm), Eu (3Eu), Gd (4Gd), Tb (5Tb), Ho (6Ho), Tm (7Tm), Yb (8Yb), and Lu (9Lu)), and four were isostructural compounds with the composition [CH(NH2)2][Ln(HCOO)4] (denoted by LnFMD, Ln = Sm (10Sm), Ho (11Ho), Tm (12Tm), and Lu (13Lu)). All compounds contain metal ions that are eight coordinated by oxygen atoms and are connected by anti–anti bridging formato ligands to form frameworks. The coordination geometry is bisdisphenoid in LnFA and square ...
Hemodynamic effects of amrinone in children after Fontan surgery.

After Fontan repair in children, we performed a prospective, open-label study to evaluate the effect of amrinone on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRI). Eight patients who underwent the Fontan repair had baseline arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, central venous pressure, and cardiac output measured postoperatively. Hemodynamic measurements were repeated after amrinone 4.5 mg/kg. The PVRI tended to decrease, but the change was not statistically significant. Although the systemic vascular resistance decreased to 802 +/- 222 from 941 +/- 191 dynes.s.cm-5.m-2 (P < 0.05), mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged. Cardiac index (3.8 +/- 1.2 to 4.7 +/- 1.6 L.min-1.m-2) and stroke volume index (23.6 +/- 6.7 to 30.5 +/- 8.1 mL.beat-1.m-2) increased, and heart rate decreased (160 +/- 21 to 151 +/- 24 bpm) (P < 0.05). Colloid transfusion during amrinone bolus administration was 13.9 mL/kg. The mean serum amrinone concentration was 4.2 micrograms/mL at the end of bolus and clearance was 2.24 mL.kg-1.min-1. Arrhythmias and thrombocytopenia were not noted. We conclude that amrinone administration is effective in increasing cardiac output in children who have undergone a Fontan repair.
Effect of the mycotoxin citrinin on composition of mouse liver and kidney.

Abstract A single i.p. dose of citrinin (35 mg/kg) caused significant increases in kidney weight of male mice at 24 and 48 hr, decreases in DNA and protein at 24 hr and RNA for 48 hr. In the liver, the DNA content of treated animals was significantly lower for the 48-hr period with decreases in liver RNA and protein only at 6 and 12 hr. Liver glycogen was significantly lower at 24 hr after treatment. Daily i.p. doses of citrinin for 4 days (15 mg/kg/day) induced a 12% decrease in the liver to body weight ratio. Daily i.p. administration of 30 mg citrinin per kg/day for 4 days caused death in 50% of the treated animals. Surviving animals showed decreased body weight, food consumption, per cent liver to body weight and liver glycogen. Liver protein was 78% higher than in controls. The kidney to body weight ratio was elevated 20% in treated animals but total kidney protein was depressed. Pathological changes produced by a single dose of citrinin (35 mg/kg, i.p.) were confined to the liver and included liposis in parenchymal and peripheral lobular zones, depletion of glycogen and increased parenchymal mitosis.
The design and construction of facilities for handling cattle

Abstract The cattle handling facilities described in this paper are recommended for use with extensively raised cattle which have a large flight zone and are not completely tame. This paper contains diagrams and designs for corrals, yards, sorting (drafting), handling and loading trucks. Single-file races, crowd pens, restraint devices and truck loading ramps should have high solid sides to help keep the cattle calm. Solid fences prevent the cattle from seeing moving people and other distractions outside the fence. Cattle will move more easily through curved races because a curved race prevents the animals from seeing people up ahead. Curved races must be laid out correctly to make them work efficiently. A curved single-file race must not be bent too sharply where it joins the crowd pen. An animal standing in the crowd pen must be able to see two or three body lengths up the single-file race. Equipment for restraining (fixation) of cattle for veterinary procedures should utilize three behavioral principles: (i) blocking the animal's vision; (ii) slow steady motion of parts of the apparatus which are pressed against the animal; and (iii) optimal pressure. A restraint device must apply sufficient pressure to provide the feeling of being held, but excessive pressure that causes pain or struggling must be avoided. Shadows, sparkling reflections, high-pitch noise and objects which jiggle or move will cause cattle to balk and impede movement through the race.
Matrix inequalities involving a positive linear map

Let A be a Hermitian matrix, let Φ be a normalized positive linear map and let f be a continuous real valued function. Real constants α and β such that are determined. If f is matrix convex then β can be taken to be 1. A unified approach is proposed so that the problem of determining α and β is reduced to solving a single variable convex minimization problem. As an illustration, the results are applied to the power functions.
The in vitro effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one induced germinal vesicle breakdown in brook trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) oocytes

Abstract 1. 1. The in vitro effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors, SQ 20,006 and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IM-xanthine), on 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-PG)-induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) were investigated in brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) oocytes. 2. 2. Both SQ 20,006 and IM-xanthine inhibited 17α,20β-PG-induced GVBD in vitro though IM-xanthine was clearly more effective. 3. 3. IM-xanthine was effect in inhibiting GVBD when added from 0 to 20 hr following 17α,20β-PG stimulation.
DETERMINATION OF MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN OCEAN PROFILES1

Total particulate carbon, nitrogen, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and chlorophyll have been measured in detailed profiles to 600 and 1,000 m off the coast of southern California. Biomass estimations based on chlorophyll and ATP measurements were in excellent agreement with those estimated by direct examination. Because of the large amounts of DNA in the detrital fraction, it cannot be used as a biomass indicator. Below 200 m, the concentrations of total particulate carbon and nitrogen were fairly uniform, averaging about 7 µg C/liter and 0.6 µg N/liter.
Image reconstruction using symmetric convolution and discrete trigonometric transforms

We demonstrate how the symmetric convolution-multiplication property of the discrete trigonometric transforms can be applied to problems in image reconstruction. This property allows for linear filtering of degraded images by means of point-by-point multiplication in the transform domain of trigonometric transforms. Specifically, in the transform domain of a type II discrete cosine transform, there is an asymptotically optimum energy compaction near d.c. for highly correlated images, which has advantages in reconstructing images with high-frequency noise. The symmetric convolution-multiplication property allows for scalar representations in the transform-domain space of discrete trigonometric transforms for linear reconstruction filters such as the Wiener filter. An analysis of the scalar Wiener filter’s performance in the trigonometric transform domain is given.
HIGH-PRECISION MACLAURIN-BASED MODELS OF ROTATING LIQUID PLANETS

We present an efficient numerical self-consistent field method for calculating a gravitational model of a rotating liquid planet to spherical harmonic degree ~30 and a precision ~10–12 in the external gravity field. The method's accuracy is validated by comparing results, for Jupiter rotation parameters, with the exact Maclaurin constant-density solution. The method can be generalized to non-constant density.
Effect of cholesterol on DMPC phospholipid membranes and QSAR model construction in membrane-interaction QSAR study through molecular dynamics simulation.

Abstract In this study, both pure DMPC and DMPC/cholesterol mixed membrane monolayer were built to compare the physical–chemical properties and dynamics properties through molecular dynamics simulation and normal-mode analysis. The results show that the addition of cholesterol decreases the area of per molecule of membrane, increases the lipid amplitude motion, and changes the solute diffusion coefficient. It is also found that the addition of cholesterol greatly changes the solute-membrane 1,4-nonbonded interaction energy (Δ E 14 ). MI-QSAR models were constructed based on solute–membrane interaction energy descriptors and other intramolecular descriptors. The results show that Δ E 14 substitutes Δ E HB as the second important descriptor compared with the previous study. Final results suggest that short range solute–membrane interaction energy changes due to the uptake of the solute may play an important decision on permeability in DMPC/cholesterol membrane. A test set was applied to evaluate the predictivity of MI-QSAR models. The result suggests that the combination of F H2O and Δ E 14 not only improves r 2 and q 2 , but also greatly improves the model predictivity. Based on the combination of q 2 and r pre 2 values, a two-term model is better used to predict the solute permeability in this study ( r 2 = 0.859, q 2 = 0.803, and r pre 2 = 0.540 ). Due to the small sample both in training set and test set, more datasets are necessary to make a final decision about the model construction and prediction.
Operator product expansion of the energy momentum tensor in 2D conformal field theorues on manifolds with boundary

Abstract Starting from the well-known expression for the trace anomaly we derive the T · T operator product expansion of the energy-momentum tensor in 2D conformal theories defined in the upper halfplane without making use of the additional condition of no energy-momentum flux across the boundary. The OPE turns out to be the same as in the absence of the boundary. For this result it is crucial that the trace anomaly is proportional to the Gaus-Bonnet density. Some relations to the σ-model approach for open strings are discussed.
Endoscopic decompression of tension pneumosella following transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.

Objective and importance: Tension pneumosella is an extremely rare complication of transsphenoidal surgery, having been reported only three times previously. Patients who develop this expanding pneumocele confined to the sella present with visual field changes consistent with optic chiasm compression. If left untreated, this condition can lead to permanent visual deficits. We report a case of tension pneumosella after transsphenoidal resection of a benign pituitary adenoma that was successfully treated endoscopically. Clinical presentation: Six months after transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary tumor, a 70-year-old man presented with subjective vision loss and was found on formal testing to have bitemporal hemianopsia. A diagnosis of tension pneumosella was made with a head CT after tumor recurrence was ruled out with MRI. The expanding pneumocele developed after vigorous nose blowing in the setting of a surgical sellar floor defect and an intact diaphragma sellae. Intervention: The pneumocele was endoscopically decompressed using a transnasal approach guided by frameless stereotaxy. An immediate decrease in the amount of air was confirmed with intraoperative fluoroscopy. The defect was subsequently repaired with a hemostatic agent and fibrin glue. The patient rapidly recovered his vision and went home on postoperative day one with no further visual complications. Conclusion: Tension pneumosella should be considered as a possible diagnosis in patients presenting with subacute visual field deficits after transsphenoidal pituitary region surgery. Endoscopy may play a valuable role in the diagnosis and management of this rare phenomenon, as well as other more common complications of transsphenoidal surgery.
A factorial investigation of career salience

Abstract A series of career salience items were factor analyzed and related to several indices of occupational choice behavior. Three factors emerged from the factor analysis: (1) the relative priority of a career; (2) general attitudes toward work; and (3) career advancement and planning. Factor 2 was significantly related to the choice of a congruent occupation for males and to the choice of an “ideal” occupation for males and females. Factor 2 was also most highly related to self-esteem for both sexes.
Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor and binding proteins in transected nerves and cultured Schwann cells

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are trophic factors whose growth-promoting actions are mediated via the IGF-I receptor and modulated by six IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). In this study, we observed increased transcripts of both IGF-I and IGF-I receptor after rat sciatic nerve transection. Schwann cells (SCs) were the main source of IGF-I and IGFBP-5 immunoreactivity until 7 days after nerve transection, when invading macrophages in the distal nerve stumps were strongly IGF-I positive. In vitro, IGF-I promoted SC mitogenesis. Northern analysis revealed that SCs expressed IGF-I receptor and IGFBP-5. IGF-I treatment increased the intensity of IGFBP-5 without affecting gene expression. Des(1-3)IGF-I, an IGF-I analogue with low affinity for IGFBP, had no such effect. Incubation of recombinant human IGFBP-5 with SC conditioned media revealed IGF-I protection of IGFBP-5 from proteolysis, implying the presence of an IGFBP-5 protease in SC conditioned media. Collectively, these data support the concept that, in response to nerve injury, invading macrophages produce IGF-I and SC express the IGF-I receptor, to facilitate regeneration. This regenerative process may be augmented further by the ability of SC to secrete IGFBPs, which in turn may increase local IGF-I bioavailability.
Lightweight message tracing for debugging wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployments are subjected not infrequently to complex runtime failures that are difficult to diagnose. Alas, debugging techniques for traditional distributed systems are inapplicable because of extreme resource constraints in WSNs, and existing WSN-specific debugging solutions address either only specific types of failures, focus on individual nodes, or exhibit high overheads hampering their scalability. Message tracing is a core issue underlying the efficient and effective debugging of WSNs. We propose a message tracing solution which addresses key challenges in WSNs - besides stringent resource constraints, these include out-of-order message arrivals and message losses - while being streamlined for the common case of successful in-order message transmission. Our approach reduces energy overhead significantly (up to 95% and on average 59% smaller) compared to state-of-the-art message tracing approaches making use of Lamport clocks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through case studies of several complex faults in three well-known distributed protocols.
Fortschritte in der Venus‐Forschung: Neue Ergebnisse von Pioneer‐Venus und Venera 11 und 12

Der Aufsatz gibt einen Uberblick uber erste Ergebnisse der noch nicht endgultig abgeschlossenen Auswertungen der Raumfluge von Pioneer-Venus und Venera 11 und 12. Nacheinander werden behandelt: Obere Atmosphare und Ionosphare, untere Atmosphare, Wolken, mogliche Gewitter und die Oberflachentopographie.
The effects of subacute administration of anticholinesterase insecticides on hepatic microsomal metabolism

Abstract Subacute administration of parathion, paraoxon, disulfoton and carbaryl produces a decrease in hexobarbital sleeping time and an increase in the rate of metabolism of hexobarbital and aniline. In vitro metabolism of hexobarbital was enhanced to a greater degree than the metabolism of aniline. The doses required to produce these changes in metabolism also cause a significant percentage of deaths.
CLONIDINE AND SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME INTERACTION: ANTAGONISM WITH YOHIMBINE

A patient with sleep apnea syndrome, concurrently taking clonidine as an antihypertensive, presented with severe respiratory acidosis, hypotension, and associated central nervous system depression. Acidosis was improved by mechanical ventilation, and central nervous system (CNS) depression and hypotension were reversed with yohimbine. Clonidine may have an additive CNS depressive effect in sleep apnea syndrome and should be used with caution in such patients. Yohimbine's sympathetic-enhancing effects may be useful in clonidine toxic states.
SPIN DEPENDENCE OF THE NEUTRON-CAPTURE CROSS SECTION OF VANADIUM AND THE INTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD AT VANADIUM NUCLEI.

The spin dependence of the neutron-capture cross section of vanadium at 0.115 eV has been measured with the aid of polarized neutrons and polarized vanadium nuclei. It is concluded that the capture cross section of ${\mathrm{V}}^{51}$ is mainly related to spin $J=I\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$. In addition, it is shown that the internal field at the vanadium nuclei is less than 4 kOe in very pure vanadium, which apparently does not become ferromagnetic down to 0.06 K.
Perspective and procedural justice: Attorney and litigant evaluations of court procedures

A comparison of the procedural justice judgments of attorneys and those of lay people judging the same procedures offers an opportunity to generate new information on what factors affect judgments of fairness. In a survey of reactions to conventional and innovative procedures in a United States district court, attorneys and lay people involved in tort and contract cases were asked to judge the overall fairness of court procedures and the fairness of specific procedures used in arbitration hearings. The respondents were also asked for their judgments concerning the favorability of the procedure's outcome, the opportunity to have the case heard and decided by an impartial third party, and their side's control over what happened in the case, all of which are factors found in previous studies to affect procedural fairness judgments. The results showed that, while attorneys gave higher overall fairness ratings than did litigants, the difference was not affected by the procedure assigned to the case. In addition, attorneys and litigants appeared to use the same standards to evaluate the fairness of procedures, although they disagreed about where the procedures they experienced fell on these dimensions. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
CHROMATOSTRIP ISOMERIZATION OF TERPENES.

Abstract Isomerization of the monoterpene hydrocarbons of black pepper oil occurred during isolation by thin-layer chromatography. α-Thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, 3-carene, limonene, β-phellandrene, ψ-terpinene, terpinolene and p -cymene were each eluted from chromatostrips and were all found to chromatograph without change. Sabinene isomerized to α-thujene, α-terpinene, ψ-terpinene, limonene, β-phellandrene and terpinolene when so treated. A possible mechanism for this reaction is discussed. Oxidation of α-terpinene and α-phellandrene to p -cymene occurred both in the control samples and on chromatostrips. In the silica-gel-induced isomerization of sabinene, α-phellandrene and p -cymene were formed in addition to the chromatostrip isomerization products. The results indicated that p -cymene was formed from α-terpinen and α-phellandrene.
A Longitudinal Examination of Family Processes, Demographic Variables, and Adolescent Weight

Nationally representative studies estimate that almost one in five adolescents in the United States is overweight. This is a major concern for individuals' physical and psychological health and the overall economy in terms of health care costs and loss of productivity. A 12- to 14-year-old subsample of 4,688 adolescents from the NLSY97 cohort was used to address the association between family processes, demographic variables, and adolescent body mass index (BMI) percentile over 4 years. The final model indicated that frequency of family meals, gender, race, control, and mothers' BMI were important predictors of adolescent BMI percentile over time. Mothers' BMI was the strongest predictor of adolescent BMI percentile. More frequent family meals led to decreases in BMI percentile over time, whereas males, African Americans, and Latinos had higher average BMI percentiles than other groups.
Parametric Study on Single Shot and Overlapping Laser Shock Peening on Various Metals via Modeling and Experiments

Laser shock peening (LSP) under water confinement regime involves several complicated physical phenomena. Among these phenomena, the interaction between laser and coating material during LSP is very important to the laser-induced residual stress, which has an important effect on the fatigue and corrosion properties of the substrate material. To gain a better understanding of this interaction, a series of experiments, including single shot, single-track overlapping, and multitrack overlapping LSP, has been carried out on various metals with different coatings. A 3D finite element model has also been developed to simulate the LSP process. Combining this with a previously developed confined plasma model, which has been verified by the experimental data from literature, the 3D finite element model is used to predict the residual stresses induced in the substrate material as well as the indentation profile on the substrate surface. The model prediction of indentation profiles is compared with the experimental data. The residual stresses in the depth direction are also validated against the X-ray diffraction measurement data for 4140 steel and Ti-6Al-4V, and good agreements are obtained for both predictions. The effect of process parameters on the residual stress is also investigated both experimentally and theoretically. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002850]
Stoichiometric and Catalytic Conversion of 1-Adamantyl Azide to 1-Adamantyl Isocyanate by [Cr(CO)3Cp]2 and Reaction with Mo(CO)3(PiPr3)2 To Form Mo(κ2-iPr3P═NN═NAd)(CO)3(PiPr3)

The reaction of 1-adamantyl azide (N3Ad) with [Cr(CO)3Cp]2 under Ar results in conversion of N3Ad to 1-adamantyl isocyanate (OCNAd) and [Cr(CO)2Cp]2. Two reaction intermediates were detected: 3Cr2(...
Robust partial least-squares regression: a modular neural network approach

We have developed a robust Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR) neural network approach to statistical calibration model development. Generalized neural network learning rules derived from a weighted statistical representation error criterion that grows less than quadratically are presented. This optimization criterion allows for higher-order statistics associated with the inputs to be taken into account and also serves to robustify the results when the empirical data contains impulsive and colored noise and outliers. The learning rules presented are considered generalized because they can be used to implement several specialized cases including: robust PLSR, linear PLSR, weighted least-squares, and variance scaling. The same learning rules also implement steepest descent or Newton's method. Newton's method can be used to formulate an adaptive learning rate for training the network.
Purification of Ulex europeus hemagglutinin I by affinity chromatography

Ulex europeus hemagglutinin I has been purified 95-fold to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on a column of Sepharose 4B containing covalently bound l-fucose. The purified hemagglutinin migrated as a single band of protein upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at an acidic or basic pH. A single precipitin band was observed upon double diffusion of the purified hemagglutinin or crude Ulex europeus extract versus antiserum prepared against the purified hemagglutinin.
Clinician expectations for portable electronic devices as cognitive-behavioural orthoses in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation.

Objective : To ascertain experiences and expectations of clinicians as to uses of portable electronic devices such as hand-held computers as cognitive-behavioural orthoses in TBI rehabilitation. Design : Survey study. Procedures : A survey developed and piloted with the input of clinician focus groups was completed by 81 TBI clinicians from a variety of disciplines and work settings. Results : About half of the respondents reported prior exposure to clients with TBI who had used portable electronic aids. Of 10 key cognitive/behavioural areas, respondents saw most potential for devices in the areas of learning/memory, planning/organization and initiation; less potential was seen for social/interpersonal or behavioural difficulties. However, many respondents also identified learning and memory abilities as essential client characteristics for successful use of portable electronics. Cost was identified as a significant barrier to use of portable devices in rehabilitation. Respondents expressed low confidence...
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the transverse colon: A case report

Abstract A 52 year old lady presented with non-specific abdominal symptoms and menorrhagia. Ultrasound scan revealed an incidental finding of a large soft tissue mass. This was further characterised with a CT scan which revealed a 15 cm × 10 cm × 7 cm multilobulated mass. This was removed via a subtotal colectomy. Initial histology was reported as a most likely diagnosis of gastro-intestinal stromal tumour (GIST) but further characterisation revealed this to be a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. This is only the second reported case of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma of the colon and would potentially have been missed had not the sample been sent for second opinion at a regional specialist centre.
Intrapersonal moderators of the association between relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms: Findings from emerging adults

In a sample of 484 emerging adults in dating relationships, we tested whether four intrapersonal characteristics (masculinity, femininity, neuroticism, and co-rumination) moderated the association between relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms. Femininity demonstrated a moderating effect for women only; relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms were more strongly associated in women with higher, versus lower, femininity. Co-rumination had a moderating effect for both sexes; relationship satisfaction was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms for individuals with higher, versus lower, levels of co-rumination. No moderating effects were found for masculinity or neuroticism. Findings support clinical and feminist theories that high femininity may place women at risk of dysphoric reactions to relationship distress and suggest that co-rumination may represent a risk factor for depression.
Asymmetry in the effects of unilateral 6-OHDA lesions on eating and drinking evoked by hypothalamic stimulation.

The present experiment investigated the effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens on eating and drinking evoked by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ESLH). Lesions were made on either the 'dominant' or 'non-dominant' hemisphere as defined by an amphetamine-rotation test. We report here that lesions of the 'dominant hemisphere' were significantly more effective in disrupting ESLH-evoked behavior as well as producing longerlasting deficits in somatosensory responsiveness as measured by the 'tactile extinction test'.
Neonatal neck mass with associated Horner Syndrome: A unique presentation of neuroblastoma

Abstract Horner syndrome in infants less than 1 year of age is most commonly caused by birth trauma. Yet, Horner syndrome may be secondary to less common etiologies such as primary cervical neuroblastoma. Here, we describe a neonate presenting in the first month of life with Horner syndrome, elevated catecholamines, and a 2.5 cm congenital cervical neck mass in the setting of multiple congenital anomalies. This case highlights the importance of working up Horner Syndrome in children with a thorough physical exam for neck masses, ophthalmologic evaluation, urinary catecholamine screening, and MRI imaging to provide earlier diagnosis of congenital cervical neuroblastoma.
Space Heating Dynamics

Verification of models previously advanced for description of the active and passive modes of baseboard heating and forced air convection is given. Results of tests conducted under rigidly controlled conditions at the former Electric Space Conditioning Institute are shown to support the proposed models. Sequences of heating and cooling responses for the two means of energy input are evaluated by means of incremental forms of the fundamental equations. It is found that the dynamic responses are functions of the means of energy input.
Structure and function of the developing zebrafish heart.

The combination of optical clarity and large scale of mutants makes the zebrafish vital for developmental biologists. However, there is no comprehensive reference of morphology and function for this animal. Since study of gene expression must be integrated with structure and function, we undertook a longitudinal study to define the cardiac morphology and physiology of the developing zebrafish. Our studies included 48-hr, 5-day, 2-week, 4-week, and 3-month post-fertilization zebrafish. We measured ventricular and body wet weights, and performed morphologic analysis on the heart with H&E and MF-20 antibody sections. Ventricular and dorsal aortic pressures were measured with a servonull system. Ventricular and body weight increased geometrically with development, but at different rates. Ventricle-to-body ratio decreased from 0.11 at 48-hr to 0.02 in adult. The heart is partitioned into sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus as identified by the constriction between the segments at 48-hr. Valves were formed at 5-day post-fertilization. Until maturity, the atrium showed extensive pectinate muscles, and the atrial wall increased to two to three cell layers. The ventricular wall and the compact layer increased to three to four cell layers, while the extent and complexity in trabeculation continued. Further thickening of the heart wall was mainly by increase in cell size. The bulbus arteriosus had similar characteristics to the myocardium in early stages, but lost the MF-20 positive staining, and transitioned to smooth muscle layer. All pressures increased geometrically with development, and were linearly related to stage-specific values for body weight (P < 0.05). These data define the parameters of normal cardiac morphology and ventricular function in the developing zebrafish.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RATED LEADERS AND THE TRAITS ASSIGNED TO THESE LEADERS.

(1965). Relationship between Rated Leaders and the Traits Assigned to these Leaders. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 95-99.
Motion analysis for visually-guided navigation

We explore the idea that the visual system uses specialized processes to extract critical information about 3D motion and structure for visuallyguided navigation. We first consider the computation of three essential properties: the relative 3D direction of heading of the observer the timetocollision with approaching object surfaces and the locations of object boundaries defined by motion discontinuities. We then focus on the heading computation relating current algorithms to the perception of heading direction. 1.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Earthquake risk from strain rates on slipping faults

Discrete geodetic measurements made near active faults may capture only small bits of a relatively complex field of deformation surrounding a fault, making it difficult to accurately describe the nature of ongoing activity along the fault. This difficulty is compounded when geodetic measurements are reported as strain rates, which involve differences in the displacement between two or more sites over time. As a result, very low displacement rates can be quoted as very high strain rates, which may lead to incorrectly inferring high seismic risk. As an example, I look at a recent deformation study across the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ). The NMSZ, located in east central United States and away from rapidly deforming plate boundaries, is best known for its series of three large earthquakes (M>7) in the early 1800s, and continues today with numerous small earthquakes (Figure 1).
Long-term monitoring for environmental change in U.S. National Parks a watershed approach.

The U.S. National Park Service (NPS) is faced with direct questions about the condition of Park natural resources. The watershed approach to long-term monitoring of natural, and remote areas within the National Parks has provided important data for detecting both spacial and temporal changes in environmental conditions. These data collections allow the partitioning of cause and effect relationships of ecological change within a given watershed. They also serve to meet both reference and early warning objectives. Success in advancing a number of ‘acid precipitation’ goals has demonstrated the usefulness of these integrated watershed data for inter-ecosystem comparison and for analogy between watersheds. The watershed program owing to the NPS experience is proposed as a model for focusing the National Park Service's inventory and monitoring program inititiative. This approach provides to park researchers and resources managers the needed tools for dealing with today's complex local, regional and global natural resources issues.
Enzymatic degradation of trichloroethylene using enzyme extracts isolated from a bacterial consortium

Degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) using crude enzyme extracts from a bacterial consortium was examined for wastewater treatment. The effects of pH, chemical induction, and cofactor were investigate. Enzyme extracts showed an optimal activity (3.03±0.03 mg of TCE/[mg of protein·d]) at neutral pH (6.5–7.5). In an attempt to increase the production of effective enzymes for TCE degradation, chemical induction using both toluene and TCE in the growth of the bacterium consortium was conducted. Although the induction increased the overall production of protein by about fourfold, the activity of the extracts was only slightly improved (up to 3.40 mg of TCE/[mg of protein·d]), indicating that the induction did not specifically enhance the production of TCE-degrading enzymes. Interestingly, the addition of a cofactor (up to 0.02 mg/mL), NADH, led to an initial reaction rate of 5.30±0.05 mg of TCE/(mg of protein·d). This observation demonstrated that the availability of the cofactor played an important role in determining the overall degradation reaction rates. The observations with NADH were in agreement with the assumption that toluene monooxygenases (which are NADH dependent) are the key enzymes for the degradation reactions.
Cathepsin B in angiogenesis of human prostate: An immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic analysis

Background: Angiogenesis (or neovascularization) is required for the growth of solid organ tumors and precedes invasion of the adjacent stroma by neoplastic cells. We investigated the relative density and distribution of cathepsin B (CB) immunostained microvessels (i.e., small blood vessels and capillaries) in benign prostatic hypersplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostatic adenocarcinoma (CAP) by immunocytochemical localization of an antibody directed against a cathepsin B-derived synthetic peptide (Syn-CB). Methods: We studied 16 formalin-fixed, prostatectomy specimens that were embedded in paraffin/paraplast for histological examination by hematoxylin and eosin and immuno-localization of the Syn-CB antibody. Selected paraformaldehyde-fixed specimens were embedded in K4M Lowicryl or LRWhite resins. We localized the antibody in thin sections using immunoelectron microscopy techniques. Results: Eight patients had BPH [4 patients with BPH alone, 2 with BPH and PIN, and 2 with BPH and CAP]. Ten cancer cases included one with Gleason histologic score 4, two with score 6, four with score 7, and three with score 8. In CAP cases, Gleason score 6 and 7 tumors had more microvessels than the score 4 or 8 tumors. In both BPH and CAP cases, the antibody was localized chiefly in the endothelial cells of microvessels, but occasionally inductal and glandular epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, CB-immunoreactive gold particles were markedly increased at the luminal and basal plasma membrane surfaces and folds of endothelial cells in neoplastic prostate, but not in the endothelial cells of BPH. Furthermore, the presence of CB localizing gold particles in collagen and smooth muscle fibers near the microvessels indicated leakage of the enzyme in prostatic stroma of neoplastic prostate. Similar leakage was not observed in BPH. Morphometric analysis showed that the relative density of microvessels increased two to three times in cancer patients when compared to patients with BPH alone. Our study also indicated that BPH associated with PIN or CAP had an increased density of microvessels when compared to BPH alone. Conclusions: Our study showed that the relative density and distribution of microvessels are the most important features of neovascularization in prostatic tumors. The relative density of microvessels increased in PIN and CAP when compared to BPH alone. Although the localization of CB is associated with lysosomes of endothelial cells in both BPH and CAP, there is a greater association of CB with the plasma membrances of endothelial cells in CAP than BPH. Immunoelectron microscopy provided evidence that CB might be involved in dissolution of basement membrances in neoplastic tumors during angiogenesis. CB localization has the potential of defining a role for this protease in degradation of extracellular matrix constituents during early steps of angiogenesis. ©1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Variation in hospital-level risk-standardized complication rates following elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasty.

Background: Little is known about the variation in complication rates among U.S. hospitals that perform elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures. The purpose of this study was to use National Quality Forum (NQF)-endorsed hospital-level risk-standardized complication rates to describe variations in, and disparities related to, hospital quality for elective primary THA and TKA procedures performed in U.S. hospitals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of national Medicare Fee-for-Service data. The study cohort included 878,098 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, sixty-five years or older, who underwent elective THA or TKA from 2008 to 2010 at 3479 hospitals. Both medical and surgical complications were included in the composite measure. Hospital-specific complication rates were calculated from Medicare claims with use of hierarchical logistic regression to account for patient clustering and were risk-adjusted for age, sex, and patient comorbidities. We determined whether hospitals with higher proportions of Medicaid patients and black patients had higher risk-standardized complication rates. Results: The crude rate of measured complications was 3.6%. The most common complications were pneumonia (0.86%), pulmonary embolism (0.75%), and periprosthetic joint infection or wound infection (0.67%). The median risk-standardized complication rate was 3.6% (range, 1.8% to 9.0%). Among hospitals with at least twenty-five THA and TKA patients in the study cohort, 103 (3.6%) were better and seventy-five (2.6%) were worse than expected. Hospitals with the highest proportion of Medicaid patients had slightly higher but similar risk-standardized complication rates (median, 3.6%; range, 2.0% to 7.1%) compared with hospitals in the lowest decile (3.4%; 1.7% to 6.2%). Findings were similar for the analysis involving the proportion of black patients. Conclusions: There was more than a fourfold difference in risk-standardized complication rates across U.S. hospitals in which elective THA and TKA are performed. Although hospitals with higher proportions of Medicaid and black patients had rates similar to those of hospitals with lower proportions, there is a continued need to monitor for disparities in outcomes. These findings suggest there are opportunities for quality improvement among hospitals in which elective THA and TKA procedures are performed. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instruction to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The course of love: a cross-sectional design.

The perceived importance of sex and security, estimates of loving and liking, and the physical proximity for 32 couples married 0 to 15 yr. were analyzed. Results indicated that, as the duration of marriage increased, the importance of sex increased while security decreased and love scores decreased. The results were attributed to personality shifts for husbands or wives and/or the possibility that marriage may satisfy the security needs but not the love and sexual needs of these couples. Cross-validation is needed.
Plenty of attitude: evaluating measures of attitude toward the site

Purpose – Researchers often attempt to assess how different features and content will improve the experience of web site users. One assessment technique is to measure the attitude toward the site. A common version of this measure is the Chen and Wells attitude toward the site scale. The purpose of this paper is to determine if there is a difference in performance between that scale and the less used Bruner and Kumar scale so that researchers might use the better of the two related, but different, published scales.Design/methodology/approach – Analysis is done on survey data from an experiment utilizing three different experimental groups that all completed surveys with both the Chen and Wells and the Bruner and Kumar attitude toward the site scales. Scales are assessed for loading and reliability, as well as measures compared for equivalence within groups and used within partial least squares (PLS) models to compare overall model fit.Findings – In all tests, the Bruner and Kumar scale is better than, or e...