cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early intervention practitioners' self-efficacy: A measure and its applications

Abstract Teacher efficacy is linked to student achievement and classroom practices in general and special education, but has not been explored in early intervention (EI). Based upon the work of Gibson and Dembo [Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A contrast validation. Journal of Educational Psychology , 76 (4) 569–582], a 15-item early interventionist self-efficacy scale (EISES) was developed for use in understanding child and program outcomes, as well as for use in evaluating interventionist training and practices. Analysis of the internal consistency reliability of the scale was adequate. Factor analysis indicated a personal self-efficacy component (internal consistency reliability was good) and a general self-efficacy component (internal consistency reliability was poor). This two-component solution explained 41% of the variance. Further analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between EI practitioners’ overall self-efficacy with years of intervention experience. There was also a significant positive correlation between personal self-efficacy and years of experience in early intervention. Implications for the application of the EISES are discussed in terms of the relationships between provider beliefs, implementation of practices, child and family outcomes, as well as effective components of early intervention personnel preparation programs.
Min-cut clustering

We describe a decomposition framework and a column generation scheme for solving a min-cut clustering problem. The subproblem to generate additional columns is itself an NP-hard mixed integer programming problem. We discuss strong valid inequalities for the subproblem and describe some efficient solution strategies. Computational results on compiler construction problems are reported.
E sub 6 leptoquarks and the solar neutrino problem

The possibility that non-conventional neutrino oscillations take place in the superstring inspired E sub 6 models is considered. In this context, the influence of leptoquark mediated interactions of the neutrinos with nucleons in the resonant flavor conversion is discussed. It is shown that this effect can be significant for v sub e - v sub tau oscillations if these neutrinos have masses required in the ordinary Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect, and may lead to a solution of the solar neutrino problem even in the absence of vacuum mixings. On the other hand, this model cannot lead to a resonant behavior in the sun if the neutrinos are massless.
A Quick Guide to Finding United States Supreme Court Cases

“I need to find five Supreme Court cases dealing with civil rights between the years 1900–1950.” “Can you help me find information about Plessy vs. Ferguson?” These are just a few examples of the many questions I've received about Supreme Court cases. Any reference librarian at an academic institution without a law library will recognize the frustration many librarians experience when confronted with these questions. Until we become familiar with legal reference books and legal citations, we may feel that serendipity is the only way to find Supreme Court cases. A librarian may fumble through many volumes of legal materials, hoping the patron has a correct date, case name, or citation; or, for that matter, that they even have a case name or citation.
Transport of Alkali Halides through a Liquid Organic Membrane Containing a Ditopic Salt-Binding Receptor

A ditopic receptor is shown to have an impressive ability to recognize and extract the ion pairs of various alkali halides into organic solution. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the salts are bound in the solid state as contact ion pairs. Transport experiments, using a supported liquid membrane and high salt concentration in the source phase, show that the ditopic receptor can transport alkali halide salts up to 10-fold faster than a monotopic cation or anion receptor and 2-fold faster than a binary mixture of cation and anion receptors. All transport systems exhibit the same qualitative order of ion selectivity; that is, for a constant anion, the cation selectivity order is K + > Na + > Li + , and for a constant cation, the anion transport selectivity order is I > Br - > Cl - . The data suggest that with a ditopic receptor, the polarity of the receptor-salt complex can be lowered if the salt is bound as an associated ion pair, which leads to a faster diffusion through the membrane and a higher maximal flux.
Applications of photoacoustic sensing techniques

This paper reviews the theory and applications of photoacoustic (also called optoacoustic) methods belonging to the more general area of photothermal measurement techniques. The theory covers excitation of gaseous or condensed samples with modulated continuous light beams or pulsed light beams. The applications of photoacoustic methods include spectroscopy, monitoring deexcitation processes, probing physical properties of materials, and generating mechanical motions. Several other related photothermal methods, as well as particle-acoustics and wave-acoustics methods are also described. This review complements an earlier and narrower review [Rev. Mod. Phys. 53, 517 (1981)] that is mainly concerned with sensitive detection by pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy in condensed matter.
Interaction of polypeptides with the gastric (H+ + K+)ATPase: melittin, synthetic analogs, and a potential intracellular regulatory protein.

The 26 amino acid bee venom toxin, melittin, is an amphipathic helical polypeptide which inhibits the gastric (H+ + K+)ATPase. The site of interaction with the (H+ + K+)ATPase was shown to be the alpha subunit of the (H+ + K+)ATPase in studies using [125I]azidosalicylyl melittin, a radioactive photoaffinity analog of melittin. A synthetic amphipathic polypeptide (Trp3) containing tryptophan, which exhibits a structure similar to that of melittin, also inhibited the gastric (H+ + K+)ATPase, and prevented labeling by [125I]azidosalicylyl melittin. These findings suggested that melittin and the synthetic amphipathic helical polypeptide were bound to the same or overlapping site(s). In the present studies, novel tritiated photoaffinity analogs of Trp3 containing benzoylphenylalanine (in place of tryptophan) were used to photoaffinity label the (H+ + K+)ATPase. These studies help to establish that the (H+ + K+)ATPase contains a binding site for polypeptides which exhibit an amphipathic helical motif. The precise amino acid sequence of the polypeptide appears to be of secondary importance for interaction with the (H+ + K+)ATPase as long as the alpha helical motif is present. The benzoylphenylalanine containing polypeptides are ideal for mapping the binding site on the (H+ + K+)ATPase. Using an antibody which recognizes this amphipathic helical (‘melittin-like’) motif, we have demonstrated that the gastric parietal cell contains a 67 kDa ‘melittin-like’ protein. This protein was associated with the gastric parietal cell apical membrane in the stimulated (secreting) state, but not in the resting (non-secreting) state. The binding site for the gastric ‘melittin-like’ protein appears to overlap with the melittin binding site on the alpha subunit of the (H+ + K+)ATPase. The potential physiological significance of the melittin binding site and the overlapping binding site for this newly identified endogenous ‘melittin-like’ protein on the (H+ + K+)ATPase to regulated HCl secretion by the parietal cell is presently under investigation. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that melittin binds to other E1-E2 ion pumps, raising the possibility that there might exist similar intracellular proteins which interact with other ion pumps.
Activated pathways for the directed insertion of patterned nanoparticles into polymer membranes

We combine the string method with self-consistent field theory to compute the most probable transition pathway, i.e. the minimum free energy path, for the insertion of Janus and protein-like nanoparticles into a polymer membrane bilayer. The method makes no assumptions in the reaction coordinate and overcomes the long timescales challenge associated with simulating rare events. Our study suggests that one approach to building functional polymer–nanoparticle composite membranes with oriented nanoparticles is through electrostatic interactions. In particular, hydrophobic Janus nanoparticles with an asymmetric charge distribution can be made to directionally insert into charged membranes. This process is kinetically driven, and involves overcoming a thermally surmountable activation barrier, which requires favorable interactions between the nanoparticle and the hydrophilic block of the membrane. In contrast, the insertion of protein-like nanoparticles with alternating hydrophilic–hydrophobic–hydrophilic domains into polymer membranes does not occur as a thermally activated event.
Interface-Engineered Ge (100) and (111), N- and P-FETs with High Mobility

The highest electron mobility to-date in Ge is reported. For the first time, the effect of surface orientation on mobility is investigated experimentally. Carrier scattering mechanisms are studied through low temperature mobility measurements. Ozone-oxidation has been introduced to engineer Ge/insulator interface. Minimum density of interface states (DDit) of 3x1011 cm-2 V-1 is demonstrated and Dit across the bandgap is extracted.
Identity and variation of hexane soluble cuticular components produced by the acacia ant Pseudomyrmex ferruginea

Abstract 1. 1. Nine components in hexane cuticular washes of individual workers and young dealate queens of the acacia ant Pseudomyrmex ferruginea were identified: four isopropyl esters, four n -alkanes (C 15 -C 21 ) and one n -alkene. 2. 2. These cuticular components are absent on callow (12–48-hr-old) workers. 3. 3. Isopropyl palmitate, the major component in worker extracts, is absent in extracts from young dealate queens. 4. 4. Five of these components showed significant differences in quantity on older workers collected from four laboratory colonies. 5. 5. Major intracolony differences in quantity of these cuticular lipids were also noted, indicating that allogrooming and trophallaxis are not producing cuticular chemical homogeneity in acacia ant colonies.
Urban science education: examining current issues through a historical lens

This paper reviews and synthesizes urban science education studies published between 2000 and 2013 with a view to identifying current challenges faced by both teachers and students in urban classrooms. Additionally, this paper considers the historical events that have shaped the conditions, bureaucracies, and interactions of urban institutions. When the findings from these urban science education studies were consolidated with the historical overview provided, it was revealed that the basic design and regulatory policies of urban schools have not substantively changed since their establishment in the nineteenth century. Teachers in urban science classrooms continue to face issues of inequality, poverty, and social injustice as they struggle to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse student population. Furthermore, persistent concerns of conflicting Discourses, cultural dissonance, and oppression create formidable barriers to science learning. Despite the many modifications in structure and organization, urban students are still subjugated and marginalized in systems that emphasize control and order over high-quality science education.
Masculinity and the body: how African American and White men experience cancer screening exams involving the rectum.

Past research on prostate and colorectal cancer disparities finds that barriers to screening, such as embarrassment and offensiveness, are often reported. Yet none of this literature investigates why. This study uses masculinity and health theory to examine how men experience two common screenings, digital rectal exams (DREs) and colonoscopies. In-depth interviews were conducted with 64 African-American and white men from diverse backgrounds, aged 40–64, from North Carolina, USA. Regardless of race or education, men experienced DREs more negatively than colonoscopies because penetration with a finger was associated with a gay sexual act. Some men disliked colonoscopies, however, because they associated any penetration as an affront to their masculinity. Because beliefs did not differ by race, future research should focus on structural issues to examine why disparities persist with prostate and colorectal cancer. Recommendations are provided for educational programs and physicians to improve men’s experiences with exams that involve the rectum.
Stability of the supply chain using system dynamics simulation and the accumulated deviations from equilibrium

We propose and demonstrate a new methodology to stabilize systems with complex dynamics like the supply chain. This method is based on the accumulated deviations from equilibrium (ADE). It is most beneficial for controlling system dynamic models characterized by multiple types of delays, many interacting variables, and feedback processes. We employ the classical version of particle swarm optimization as the optimization approach due to its performance inmultidimensional space, stochastic properties, and global reach. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method based on ADE using a manufacturing-supply-chain case study.
Probing Depth Is Not a Reliable Predictor for Changes in Periodontitis

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Are changes in probing depth a reliable predictor of change in clinical attachment loss? Michalowicz BS, Hodges JS, Pihlstrom BE. J Am Dent Assoc 2013;144 (2):171-8. Reviewer Paul I. Eke, PhD, MPH, PhD Purpose/Question The authors sought to examine the utility of using changes in probing depth (PD) for predicting changes in clinical attachment loss (CAL) in clinical trials Source of Funding Not provided Type of Study/design Secondary analysis of data from clinical trials Level of evidence Level 2: limited-quality patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
An empirical investigation of actual cheating in a large sample of undergraduates

Cheating behavior of university students enrolled in an upper-division mass-lecture business course was investigated in a two-semester study. It was found that slightly over 3% of the students plagerized/copied a library research assignment. The findings indicate the need for more empirical studies of what studentsdo—as opposed to what theysay they do—when it comes to academic dishonesty in undergraduate education. Such an approach holds the greatest promise for pinpointing just how widespread cheating really is in the lecture halls and classrooms of academe.
Selective activation of nicotinic and muscarinic transmission in cardiac sympathetic ganglia of the dog

Abstract The myocardial contractile responses to electrical stimulation of different segments of the thoracic sympathetic trunk in the pentobarbital-anesthetized dog were studied. Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic trunk between the second and third thoracic ramus and caudal limb of the ansa subclavia elicited myocardial contractile responses which were not completely antagonized by the ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine. Atropine in addition to chlorisondamine virtually abolished the responses. Atropine alone had no effect. When the sympathetic trunk between the third and fourth ramus was electrically stimulated, the response was partially antagonized by atropine as well as by chlorisondamine alone. From these results, it is suggested that impulses travelling via the third thoracic ramus or above it mediate myocardial contractile responses in which the nicotinic type response predominates whereas impulses travelling via the fourth thoracic ramus or below it mediate myocardial contractile responses in which the muscarinic type predominates. Additionally, evidence presented indicates that a major proportion of both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors mediating myocardial contractile changes are located in the caudal cervical ganglion rather than the stellate ganglion of the dog.
Effects of medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic lesions on mating behavior of male cats

Abstract Bilateral electrolytic or radiofrequency lesions causing extensive damage to the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (MP-AH) area immediately and permanently abolished or markedly impaired copulatory behavior in 11 adult, sexually experienced male cats. Nine other male cats sustaining unilateral MP-AH lesions, bilateral lesions outside the critical MP-AH area, or smaller of MP-AH lesions, exhibited essentially normal copulatory behavior within 1–2 weeks after surgery. Five additional male cats with lesions more closely resembling those of subjects showing permanent impairment exhibited an initial impairment followed by recovery of virtually normal mating activity after a period ranging from 15 to 35 days after surgery. The location and size of effective MP-AH lesions, as well as the type of behavioral changes, including elimination of mounting with pelvic thrusting, closely paralleled findings previously reported on the effects of MP-AH lesions in male rats. Treatment with testosterone propionate did not restore mating activity. Examination of testicular tissue from subjects showing abolishment or impairment of copulatory behavior revealed normal histological structure. The results reveal that although the MP-AH area may be a focal point for the action of gonadal androgen in maintaining male sexual behavior, this forebrain area has a critical role in the mediation of male sexual behavior apart from its presumed function as androgen target tissue. This concept is based on the observation of immediate and permanent loss of copulatory behavior following large MP-AH lesions, compared with the more gradual reduction of sexual activity that would be expected from a type of functional castration resulting merely from removal of androgen target tissue.
Probability and conditional moments of multivariate uniform random variables satisfying a linear inequality constraint

Abstract A computational technique is presented to evaluate a class of probabilities and expectations of multivariate uniform random variables encountered in the analysis of certain random mechanical systems. First, a finite series representation is derived for the probability that a linear combination of n independent random variables uniformly distributed in the interval [0, 1] does not exceed a given threshold. This exact representation is then used to obtain closed from expressions for various moments, means in particular, of uniform random variables conditional on a linear inequality constraint. Finally, various practical implementation aspects of these computations are discussed and a comparison with the Monte Carlo simulation method is conducted that validates the use of the proposed technique.
Mast cells in the brain: evidence and functional significance

For the past two decades the brain has been considered to be an immune-privileged site that excludes circulating cells from the parenchyma. New evidence indicates that some hematocytes reside in the brain, while others traffic through it. Mast cells belong to both of these functional types. Moreover, the appearance of mast cells in the CNS can be triggered behaviorally. After a brief period of courtship, for example, there is a marked increase in mast cells in the medial habenula of sexually active doves compared with controls. Exposure to gonadal steroids that occur endogenously or that are administered exogenously increases both the number of mast cells and their state of activation in the brain. These results show that hematopoietic cells can provide targeted delivery of neuromodulators to specific regions of the brain, thereby influencing neural-endocrine interactions.
The critical role of concentration for lidocaine block of peripheral nerve in vivo: studies of function and drug uptake in the rat.

Background: The adjustment of local anesthetic dosage for peripheral nerve block must meet two basic requirements: a drug concentration sufficient to inhibit Na + channels to the point of impulse failure and a volume of drug sufficient to expose a length of nerve longer than the critical length for propagation failure. This study examines the lidocaine dosage requirement, in milligrams, for functionally assayed sciatic nerve block in the rat using a fourfold range of volume corresponding to concentrations from 2 to 7 mg/ml and compares these blocks with the intraneural lidocaine content after injection of equipotent doses. Methods: Lidocaine was injected percutaneously at the sciatic nerve in volumes of 0.05 ml, 0.1 ml, and 0.2 ml (all at pH 6.8), and quantitative neurobehavioral assays were conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 200 to 250 g. The dose requirements for 50% maximum possible effect (ED 50 ) and for just achieving complete block (i.e., minimal blocking dose for 90% effect), the fraction of completely blocked animals, and the duration of complete block at all doses were assessed for the inhibition of three different functions: proprioception, motor, and nocifensive activities. Radiolabeled ( 14 C) lidocaine was Injected in separate experiments, and the total drug content and its longitudinal distribution were determined in nerves dissected from animals (sevoflurane anesthetized) at 10 min, the time of peak block, after injection of the E 50 and minimal blocking dose for 100% effect for the three different volumes. Results: For all functions, the smaller the volume, the lower was the E 50 , resulting in a nearly constant concentration to achieve an equivalent degree of block. Durations of block were longer, and the dose to full block was lower for the smaller injected volumes. Intraneural lidocaine, at the equipotent doses for analgesia, was not related to concentration but rather increased with increasing volume, being almost proportional to the given dose. The longitudinal spread of lidocaine was also greater with increasing volume of lidocaine solution. Conclusion: Blocks of greater depth and longer duration result from injection of smaller volumes and, correspondingly, higher lidocaine concentrations containing the same dose. The corollary is that lower lidocaine doses are required to achieve the same effect when smaller volumes are injected. Curiously, when the equivalent E 50 is injected, total drug taken into the nerve is less from the smaller volumes than from the larger volumes, even though the peak functional effects are equal. Total intraneural local anesthetic may not represent the effective drug in the compartment that contains nerve axons, the actual location of neural blockade.
Spaced based infrared detection and characterization of near earth objects

Abstract An infrared space-based survey system would be an invaluable adjunct to the ground based visible searches for the discovery of Near Earth Objects (NEOs). It would significantly increase the discovery rate of NEOs and would have unique capabilities to probe their physical character. An infrared NEO survey compensates for the bias of visible searches to preferentially discover high albedo objects and is better at discovering Atens as it can survey the sky at fairly small solar elongation angles. Furthermore, mid-infrared observations have proven to be the most efficient method for determining size. We demonstrate the performance capabilities of a space-based system for an NEO survey and follow-up characterization. The mission objectives are shown to be achieved with infrared and visible focal planes in a half-meter class telescope with diffraction limited performance at 8 μm. A brief review is given of the current technology available to field such as system.
Can mycophenolate mofetil be tapered safely in myasthenia gravis? A retrospective, multicenter analysis

Introduction: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is frequently used to treat myasthenia gravis, but there is little information to guide clinicians on the safety of reducing the dose in well-controlled patients. Methods: This retrospective chart review at 3 institutions identified 92 patients who had undergone MMF taper after achieving either pharmacologic remission or minimal manifestations status. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences in patient characteristics between patients who had successfully tapered MMF and those who relapsed. Results: Of 92 patients undergoing a taper, 30 relapsed. The relapses were mild, transient, and usually responded to increased MMF dose. MG crisis did not occur. The mean dose at time of relapse was 888 mg/day. Patients with relapses were tapered more quickly (8.4 vs. 62.4 months). Conclusions: Tapering MMF appears safe after years of disease stability. Reducing the dose at a dose of only 500 mg/day every 12 months is recommended. Muscle Nerve 52: 211–215, 2015
Interactions of a vesicular stomatitis virus G protein fragment with phosphatidylserine: NMR and fluorescence studies

The interaction of a 19 amino acid vesicular stomatitis virus G protein fragment (GTWLNPGFPPQSCGYATVT) with phosphatidylserine-containing model membranes was investigated using solution-phase 1d and 2d 1H NMR spectroscopy and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Results of these studies show that this peptide interacts with model membranes containing negatively charged phospholipids. The interaction is modulated by both ionic and hydrophobic factors and appears to be dependent on the fluidity and lipid packing of the target bilayer. The data further suggest the existence of two isomeric forms of this peptide, which react differentially with model membranes. Upon binding, 2d 1H NOESY and tryptophan fluorescence data indicate penetration of the tryptophan residue into the bilayer. A model is proposed for the interaction of the peptide with model membranes, consistent with the experimental findings.
Procedure for the determination of milk proteins by dye binding.

Summary The dye-binding procedure presented in this paper involves changes or modifications of previously published methods or equipment. The flow-through cuvette (1, 2) was modified by reversing the flow through the cell and providing a longer inlet. This provided rapid flow through the cuvette and eliminated the problem of air locks in the inlet tube and bubbles in the cell. The procedures of Dolby (3) and Raadsveld (4, 5) were modified by changing the flow-through cuvette, the volume of milk, and the strength of the dye solution. These changes did not alter the accuracy, but greatly simplified the procedure.
Family Capital: Conceptual Model to Unpack the Intergenerational Transfer of Advantage in Transitions to Adulthood

The achievement of the traditional milestones associated with adulthood within the current cohort of young adults appears to differ by social class backgrounds, and these differences may be growing due to the differential support of natal families. However, existing research and theory that looks at intergenerational social mobility does not fully examine the multidimensional aspect of family capital and how this capital is deployed during transitions to adulthood. Therefore, building on the work of Pierre Bourdieu on the forms of family capital in the parental investment framework, this article proposes a conceptual model that examines three kinds of resources that natal families marshal and the mechanisms through which these resources are deployed during transitions to adulthood.
Transnational issue networks in real and virtual space: the case of women, peace and security

To what extent do online issue networks serve as a proxy for their real-space counterparts in structure and substance? This question is significant because a number of scholars have begun to study transnational advocacy networks through their representations online. We explored whether this assumption is valid by comparing the network composition and agenda composition of the advocacy network around ‘women, peace and security’, as operationalized through a web-based survey of actual activists, and the network's online representations of itself, as measured through advocacy websites. Two specific concerns drove the study. First, how closely does the structure of issue networks, as represented on the World Wide Web, correspond with actual advocates' understanding of the players within a specific issue domain? Second, to what extent does the online issue agenda correlate with the most prominent issues described by real-space advocates within a transnational network? Our findings yielded a high correlation between the online issue agenda and activists’ interpretations of the agenda. However, we found that while hyperlink analysis is an effective tool for identifying the ‘hubs’ or ‘gatekeepers’ within a specific issue network, the nature of the World Wide Web makes it is a blunt tool with which to capture the broader network. This suggests that while the web poses important opportunities as a data source, scholars of transnational networks must pay closer attention to the methodological assumptions implicit in their reliance on this and other new media.
STOCHASTIC LINEAR PROGRAMMING WITH RECOURSE: A TUTORIAL*

Presented here is an introduction to stochastic linear programs with recourse. The paper is by no means a comprehensive survey of the field; that would be an encyclopedic task at best. This paper discusses formulation, interpretation, and computational aspects of stochastic linear programs with simple and fixed recourse. The paper is pedagogical in nature and is aimed to whet the interest of the decision scientist that has little or no background in stochastic programming. Moreover, the papers in this field have appeared in diverse journals not always readily available to the typical management scientist or practitioner and quite often at a very sophisticated mathematical level. For the practitioner, Wets's algorithm for solving stochastic linear programs with simple recourse may be particularly interesting since Wets shows in that paper how the problem can be reduced to an equivalent deterministic linear program of the same dimensionality.
The effect of phenobarbital on mercapturic acid biosynthesis in the house fly Musca domestica

The metabolism of S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione was investigated in the housefly by two routes of application. Various intermediates of S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) glutathione were isolated and identified by TLC, indicating that the mercapturic acid biosynthesis pathway is operative in the housefly. Induction of mercapturic acid biosynthesis by phenobarbital resulted in a 1.75 fold increase in mercapturic acid formation.
Effect of pharmacologic interventions on aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat testicles.

The in vitro and in vivo effects of selected pharmacologic agents on cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase in the adult rat testicles were studied. Naltrexone, a narcotic antagonist, significantly inhibited epididymal but not testicular aldehyde dehydrogenase in vitro. Greater in vitro inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the epididymal preparation was determined in the presence of diphenyhydramine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist and by amantadine hydrochloride, an antiviral/antiparkinsonian agent. The latter drug also inhibited testicular aldehyde dehydrogenase from corresponding controls. The in vitro inhibition was non-competitive as evaluated by reciprocal plots of the velocity of the reaction as a function of substrate concentrations. Short-term oral administration of a biologically active metabolite of flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, significantly induced testicular aldehyde dehydrogenase without concomitant changes in epididymal aldehyde dehydrogenase from respective controls. Conversely, administration of ethinylestradiol, an estrogenic steroid, inhibited testicular but not epididymal aldehyde hydrogenase in the rat.
Electroconvulsive shock: progressive dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity independent of repeated treatment

Repeated electroconvulsive shock, applied to rats, induces a subsensitivity of dopamine autoreceptors located in the substantia nigra as indexed by single-unit electrophysiological techniques. This reduced sensitivity is time-dependent, since effects similar to those seen with repeated treatment were also observed when single electroconvulsive shock was followed by an appropriate treatment-free interval. These data, coupled with identical results after the repeated administration of tricyclic antidepressants, raise the possibility that a reduction of dopamine autoreceptor sensitivity could underlie both electroconvulsive shock and pharmacological treatment of depression.
Biosynthesis of a volatile, methly‐branched hydrocarbon sex pheromone from leucine by arctiid moths (Holomelina spp.)

The biosythesis of 2-methylheptadecane was investigated in three moth species, Holomelina lamae, H. immaculata, and H. aurantiaca, all of which use this hydrocarbon as the principal component of their volatile sex pheromone. Following injection into adult females, deuterium-labeled leucine and isovaleric acid were readily incorporated into pheromone but valine and isobutyric acids were not. Radiolabeled acetate and malonic acid also gave good incorporation into pheromone as did 13-methyltetradecanoic acid and 15-methlhexadecanoic acid. These findings support a biosynthesis pathway whereby leucine is converted to isovaleric acid, which serves as the methly branch donor and chain initiator; malonic acid donates seven additional 2 carbon units to from 17-methloctadecanoic acid, which is then deccarboxylated to produce the odd-carbon chain hydrocarbon pheromone. Methyl-branched fatty acids were detected in only small amounts or were absent in pheromone gland extracts, and among the different glandular lipid classes, labeled leucine and acetate were only incorporated into hydrocarbons. These findings suggest that onceinitiated, biosynthesis of the pheromone proceeds rapidly with little or no accu mulation of intermediates and/or that the pheromone or some long-chain intermediate is biosynthesized elsewhere in the insect and transported to the gland.
Augmentation of prostaglandin and thromboxane production in vitro by monocytes exposed to histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF).

Abstract A possible mechanism to explain the suppression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by histamine-stimulated mononuclear cells was investigated. In initial experiments, the inhibitory action of histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF) on lymphocyte proliferation was documented to be reduced by the addition of indomethacin (1 μg/ml). Moreover, the addition of exogeneous PGE 2 (10 −7 -10 −8 M) to mononuclear cell cultures reconstituted HSF activity in the presence of indomethacin. In order to ascertain the nature of the target cell responding to HSF, control and suppressor supernatants were incubated with human lymphocytes or monocytes (5 × 10 6 cells/ml) for 24 hr. Following incubation, the supernatants were assayed for their content of prostaglandin E 2 , F 2α , and thromboxane B 2 . Monocytes (but not lymphocytes) incubated with supernatants containing HSF increased their production of prostaglandin E 2 , F 2α , and thromboxane B 2 by 169, 53, and 49%, respectively. Suppressor supernatants were generated with histamine or an H-2 agonist (dimaprit) and chromatographed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The elution profiles for the factor(s) inducing suppression of lymphocyte proliferation (25–40,000 daltons) and augmenting PGE 2 production (25,000 daltons) overlapped but were not identical. Collectively, these data suggest that HSF-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation may occur in part through the augmented production of prostaglandins and/or thromboxane B 2 by human monocytes.
Reliability and validity of the Cohen–Mansfield agitation inventory in institutionalized elderly

The reliability and validity of the Cohen–Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) were studied in residents of a long-term care facility. The CMAI demonstrated high internal consistency, but only marginally adequate interrater reliability. Correlations with the Behavioral Syndromes Scale for Dementia (BSSD) and the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (Behave—AD) provide support for the contention that the CMAI is valid measure of agitation with nursing home residents.
Effects of changing housing on physiology of calves.

Abstract Holstein bull calves were assigned to be reared in either a stall until 47 d of age, then moved to a hutch; a hutch until 47 d, then moved to a stall; or an elevated pen. Jugular blood samples were obtained at 42, 49, and 56 d of age. Two trials were run during the fall of successive years with 5 to 7 calves per treatment per trial. Stalls were .56×1.2m with elevated wooden slotted floors. Pens were 1.2×1.5m with elevated wooden slotted floors and were located in the same open front building as the stalls. Hutches were 1.2×1.2×2.4m long, and calves were restrained with a collar and 2.4-m chain. Calves were placed on treatment between 12 to 24h after parturition. A treatment by day interaction for triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone-induced cortisol release indicated that conditions responsible for treatment effects were largely reversed 9 d after moving from stalls to hutches or hutches to stalls.
TEACHER EDUCATION: LINKING THEORY TO PRACTICE THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

Teacher education faculty need to bridge college course knowledge to actual practices in early childhood classrooms. Historically, faculty have lectured about best practices and then students have attempted to integrate these concepts into their own teaching with children. This article highlights one community college's use of digital photography to create a visual archive of student teachers’ exemplary environments, displays, curriculum materials, and learning experiences. The photographs are cataloged and formatted for PowerPoint presentations in college courses as well as in faculty development and recruitment opportunities. After discussing limitations in other pedagogical techniques, the article chronicles the thought processes involved in the creation of this unique teaching tool. The article details numerous benefits of utilizing digital photography for modeling best practices. The benefits include modeling the use of visual documentation for student teachers, exposing students to technology-based ...
31P NMR of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomal complexes.

Abstract DNA complexed with histones in soluble chromatin and with protamines in the heads of sperm has been studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy. Because of the large size of these nucleoprotein structures, methods of high resolution solid state NMR were employed. Proton decoupled 31P NMR spectra of these complexes in solution yield anisotropic chemical shift powder patterns, which indicate that the DNA is substantially immobilized by interactions with the proteins. Rapid rotation of these samples at the magic angle gives single line spectra with an isotropic chemical shift indistinguishable from DNA in the absence of proteins or that in mononucleosome core particles; this argues that packaging of the DNA by the proteins does not introduce major distortions in a predominant fraction of the phosphodiester linkages present.
An All-Electronic Signal-Seeking Broadcast Receiver

This paper describes the use of current-controlled inductors in a signal-seeking broadcast receiver. The use of these inductors as tuning elements results in a receiver with no moving parts. Although the idea of an automatically self-tuning receiver goes back several decades, its practical realization has been made more promising through the recent improvement in saturable-core circuit elements for radio frequency use. The receiver described does not represent a finished design for manufacture, but does show some presently obtainable characteristics in this type of instrument and the problems encountered in such circuits.
Fragmenting professionalism: Racial identity and the ideology of bleached out lawyering

(1998). Fragmenting professionalism: Racial identity and the ideology of bleached out lawyering. International Journal of the Legal Profession: Vol. 5, Lawyering for a Fragmented World, pp. 141-173.
Phorbol myristate acetate and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP-induced phosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin in astrocytes : comparison of phosphorylation sites

: Both the protein kinase C (PK-C) activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) activator, 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-BR), have been shown to increase 32P incorporation into glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin in cultured astrocytes. Also, treatment of astrocytes with PMA or 8-BR results in the morphological transformation of flat, polygonal-shaped cells into stellate, process-bearing cells, suggesting the possibility that signals mediated by these two kinase systems converge at the level of protein phosphorylation to elicit similar changes in cell morphology. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine whether treatment with PMA and 8-BR results in the phosphorylation of the same tryptic peptide fragments on GFAP and vimentin in astrocytes. Treatment with PMA increased 32P incorporation into all the peptide fragments that were phosphorylated by 8-BR on both vimentin and GFAP; however, PMA also stimulated phosphorylation of additional fragments of both proteins. The phosphorylation of vimentin and GFAP resulting from PMA or 8-BR treatment was restricted to serine residues in the N-terminal domain of these proteins. Studies were also conducted to compare the two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide maps of GFAP and vimentin from intact cells treated with PMA and 8-BR with those produced when the proteins were phosphorylated with purified PK-C or PK-A. PK-C phosphorylated the same fragments of GFAP and vimentin that were phosphorylated by PMA treatment. Additionally, PK-C phosphorylated some tryptic peptide fragments of these proteins that were not observed with PMA treatment in intact cells. The increased phosphorylation of vimentin observed in intact cells treated with 8-BR and with PK-A using purified vimentin as a substrate resulted in similar phosphopeptide maps. A common major phosphorylated peptide fragment was observed following phosphorylation of GFAP by PK-A and in intact cells treated with 8-BR; however, an additional phosphorylated fragment was observed with the purified kinase that was not observed in intact cells. These studies indicate that phosphorylation events mediated by PMA and 8-BR converge to phosphorylate several of the same regions of GFAP and vimentin, and suggest that these effects are the direct result of the activation of PK-C and PK-A.
Effect of Diflubenzuron (Dimilin; TH—6040) on the Hyaluronic Acid Concentration in Chicken Combs,

Abstract The addition of N-[[(4-chlorphenyl)amino] carbonyl] -2,6-difluorobenzamide (diflubenzuron; Dimilin; TH-6040) up to levels of 250 ppm of the total diet of both male broilers and layers for 98 days did not affect the hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration (μg/g tissue) in the combs. The concentration was measured at 21, 28, 42, 56, and 98 days on feed. The concentration in the combs of the layers were not significantly different at any sampling period regardless of diet. At the end of 56 days on feed, the combs of the broiler controls had a significantly (P
GLC determination of sulthiame in plasma.

A GLC method is presented for the determination of sulthiame in plasma. A chloro derivative of sulthiame was synthesized for use as an internal standard. Both compounds can be chromatographed directly without derivatization, the method being quantitative over the range 3-20 mcg. The utility of the procedure was demonstrated by its application to the determination of sulthiame in the plasma of drug-treated rabbits and patients.
The viability of using COCOMO in the special application software bidding and estimating process

The purpose of the author is to correlate actual data with COCOMO (constructive cost model) estimated values and determine if the COCOMO method accurately reflects documented program expenditures. Because spaceborne microprocessing is a relatively new arena, the primary constraint associated with developing a model is the limited available database. Data collection to support a statistical analysis is presented along with a discussion of calculated COCOMO results. In the analysis, the use of nonparametric statistics for small samples is addressed. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kendall-Rank statistics support distribution free analyses of the data. >
A History of the Artificial Satellite

T bibliography attempts to list all important published literature dealing with artificial, manned or unmanned, satellites of the earth. Bibliographical entries on such related topics as space medicine or rocket launching are included only if they consider directly satellite problems. On this basis it is not always easy to decide what should or should not be included (see, e.g., Schaub, Der innere Marsmond . . .," 1953, or Whipple, "Harvard Meteor Program . . .," 1947). Fiction also posed some problems. The literature of artificial satellites is not completely technical even at this late date. Some apparently useful concepts have been drawn from the speculations of novelists with no technical background. The boundary between science and art is even more indistinguishable in the early days of the science fiction novel. (See entries for Hale, Verne, and Lasswitz.) Juvenile literature, for the most part, has been omitted. Semipopular works, especially the many German introductory works on space travel, have not been included comprehensively. Famous works on rockets (which deal with the question of artificial satellites and which have gone into more than one edition) have been listed, usually, under one of the later editions. Most works have been listed under the U. S. edition, but foreign editions and translations are available in many cases. Anonymous articles have been listed under the name of the publishing journal. Transliterations from the Cyrillic alphabet have been made according to the Library of Congress system, so that Ziolkowsky appears in this work as Tsiolkovskii.
A crossed-field gain mechanism employing discontinuities

An extension of an earlier analysis by the author gives results which predict a gain enhancement in a crossed-field amplifier via discontinuities. The discontinuities are introduced into the slowwave structure as short drift-tube sections. The resultant gain is larger than could be obtained without the interspersed drift-tube sections, i.e., larger than would be obtained with an equivalent length slow-wave structure. It can be shown that the mechanism is neither a velocity jump nor a diocotron phenomenon. The discontinuity must be located where the three waves - attenuating, growing, and constant amplitude - are comparable in magnitude. If the discontinuity is introduced where the growing wave is dominant, the usual result is obtained, i.e., the growing wave just beyond the discontinuity suffers a loss when compared with its value immediately prior to the discontinuity. At the beam exit from the drift-tube region all three waves are excited even if the growing wave was dominant prior to the discontinuity. It is then possible to insert a series of alternating drift-tube discontinuities and slow-wave structures and utilize the gain mechanism. The discontinuities must be followed, ultimately, by a long slow-wave structure region where the growing wave will become dominant. If this is not done, the total circuit voltage, which is represented by the sumof the voltages at the circuit of the three waves, will be small and the advantages of boosting the growing wave are lost.