cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A human duodenum model (HDM) to study transport and digestion of intestinal contents

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a Human Duodenal Model (HDM) which mimics the actual geometry of human duodenum intestine, with a sigmoidal shape containing ascending and descending sections. Segmentation motion was incorporated by using a series of stainless steel contraction rings with attached rubber finger cots to compress and decompress dialysis membrane tube driven by compressed air and vacuum. Perfusion trials using methylene blue (MB) solution was conducted in HDM to study the effective permeability of intestine, and the propagation rates of simulated digesta in the membrane tube, as affected by segmentation, model orientation, flow rate, temperature and viscosity. HDM was also used to study starch digestion in which glucose content was measured as an indicator of digestion efficiency. The results indicate that segmentation is critical for efficient food digestion, and the ascending and descending sections of intestine are important decreasing the transit rate and retaining large particles for complete digestion. The HDM is useful to simulate intestinal digestion providing valuable insights in the mechanisms involved in nutrient transport and absorption.
Dietary and Lifestyle Changes in the Treatment of a 23-Year-Old Female Patient With Migraine

Objective The purpose of this case report is to describe the chiropractic management of a patient with atypical migraine headache.
Interactive integrated marketing communication: combining the power of IMC, the new media and database marketing

The interactivity of the new electronic media requires that a database-driven segmentation approach to communication strategy be employed to take advantage of its uniqueness. To accomplish this, firms must develop ways of collecting information at the individual level by traditional and/or electronic means, and of using that data to create informationintensive customer communication strategies. These strategies should then employ the new media to generate interaction with customers. We term this approach ‘Interactive IMC’. In this article we propose and illustrate an interactive IMC process model.
Sociometric network structure and its association with methamphetamine use norms among homeless youth.

Homeless youths' social networks are consistently linked with their substance use. Social networks influence behavior through several mechanisms, especially social norms. This study used sociometric analyses to understand whether social norms of drug use behaviors are clustered in network structures and whether these perceived norms (descriptive and injunctive) influence youths' drug use behaviors. An event-based approach was used to delineate boundaries of the two sociometric networks of homeless youth, one in Los Angeles, CA (n = 160) and the other in Santa Monica, CA (n = 130). Network characteristics included centrality (i.e., popularity) and cohesiveness (location in dense subnetworks). The primary outcome was recent methamphetamine use. Results revealed that both descriptive and injunctive norms influenced methamphetamine use. Network cohesion was found to be associated with perception of both descriptive and injunctive norms in both networks, however in opposite directions. Network interventions therefore might be effective if designed to capitalize on social influence that naturally occurs in cohesive parts of networks.
Torque Nonuniformity Measurements in Gasoline Fueled Passenger Cars Equipped with Automatic Transmission - Theory and Experimental Results

Mesure de la variation du couple d'un moteur a essence d'automobile avec transmission automatique. Etude theorique et experimentale
Cost effective approaches to antimicrobial use in oncology patients.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the current era of cost containment, the management of the oncology patient who presents with neutropenia and fever remains a challenge. This article will review which measures of cost are helpful in determining cost effective antibiotic use in patients with febrile neutropenia. RECENT FINDINGS The majority of direct medical costs associated with treating febrile neutropenic patients are room and board costs. The most recent cost analysis reports a mean cost/day of US$1598. SUMMARY Over the past two decades, infection-related mortality rates have decreased from 50% to rates as low as 10%. In contrast to the numerous studies comparing clinical outcomes of patients receiving different antimicrobial regimens for febrile neutropenia, the recent literature revealed limited studies that evaluate economic data. Typically, new antibiotic regimens show equal efficacy to the standard regimens but are often more expensive. If efficacy rates and safety are the same for an antibiotic, the cost is often used to select the product.
Anticardiolipin syndrome: antiphospholipid syndrome.

La detection d'anticorps antiphospholipides est a l'origine du syndrome des antiphospholipides caracterise par des pathologies vasculaires et des fausse-couches chez la femme enceinte
Studies on the Chemistry and Immunology of Ragweed Pollen Proteins

SummaryThe protein of ragweed pollen has been separated into fractions. The one fraction has relatively large molecular size and is responsible for the precipitin reaction with pollen antiserum. The other fraction is made up of proteins of relatively small molecular size and is the skin reactive protein of pollen. This last observation is similar to that of Benjamins and his collaborators,1 who in their work on grass pollen, came to the conclusion that the skin reacting substance is of small molecular size. Our results differ from those obtained by Harley.2 He concludes that in timothy pollen the skin reactive fraction consists of proteins of the albumin type. We failed to produce hyposensitization of ragweed sensitive patients by the use of the fraction containing small protein molecules. There is an indication that it may be possible to do so when it is used in connection with large protein molecules. Benjamins and his collaborators found that the skin reactivity of the small protein molecule from grass...
Rodent Models of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Vascular cognitive impairment dementia (VCID), which is an increasingly important cause of dementia in the elderly, lacks effective treatments. Many different types of vascular disease are included under the diagnosis of VCID, including large vessel disease with multiple strokes and small vessel disease with lacunar infarcts and white matter disease. Animal models have been developed to study the multiple forms of VCID. Because of its progressive course, small vessel disease (SVD) is thought to be the optimal form of VCID for treatment. One theory is that the pathophysiology involves hypoxic hypoperfusion resulting in injury to the white matter and neuronal death. Bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (BCAO) in a normotensive rat, which reduces cerebral blood flow, induces hypoxia with white matter damage; this model has been used to test drugs to block the injury. Another model is the spontaneously hypertensive/stroke prone rat (SHR/SP). Hypertension leads to small vessel disease resulting in progressive damage to the white matter, cortex, and hippocampus. Bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) with coils or ameroid constrictors produces a slower development of changes than BCAO, avoiding the acute ischemia. A few studies have been done with the two-clip, two-vessel occlusion renal model for induction of hypertension. There are benefits and drawbacks to each of these models with the model selected depending on the type of vascular damage that is to be studied. This review describes the most commonly used models, and the drugs that have been used to reduce the damage.
Diagnostic value of bilateral hip bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for osteoporosis screening

1687 Objectives DXA of the hip and lumbar spine is the standard method for osteoporotic screening and evaluation. Current guidelines recommend unilateral hip evaluation. In this retrospective study we sought to evaluate whether bilateral or unilateral BMD measurements would change the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed bone mineral density DXA and identified 92 patients that had bilateral hip measurements. We included all post menopausal women and men 50 yrs or older. Patient with hip surgery were excluded. Each study was reviewed for bone mineral density and T-score for the femoral neck, total femur, trochanteric, and intertrochanteric region. One-third radius and total lumbar spine were evalauted if obtained. Results There were 88 females and 4 males with average age 61. Average percent differences (Mean±SE) between regions of both hips were total hip 4.76%±0.34, femoral neck 5.92%±0.61, trochanter 6.07%±0.55, and intertroch 5.56%±0.62. T-score absolute differences were total hip 0.31±0.02, femoral neck 0.36±0.04, trochanteric 0.37±0.04, and intertroch 0.32±0.02. There was no significant difference between left and right hip regions for BMD and T-score using paired student t-test. Diagnosis of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal was different between both hips in 19.6% total hip, 18.5% femoral neck, 20.7% trochanteric, and 11.9% intertroch regions. Using only total hip and femoral neck data, 17.4% patients would have changed diagnosis if both hips were imaged. Per ISCD standards that includes radius and lumbar spine data, 13.0% would have changed diagnosis if both hips were used. Conclusions Although there is no statistical differences between left and right hip regions, using total hip and femoral neck values alone or ISCD criteria Although there is no statistical differences between left and right hip regions, using both hip T-scores instead of single hip values would change diagnosis in substantial number of patients.
Does Stress Result in You Exercising Less? Or Does Exercising Result in You Being Less Stressed? Or Is It Both? Testing the Bi-directional Stress-Exercise Association at the Group and Person (N of 1) Level.

Psychosocial stress contributes to heart disease in part by adversely affecting maintenance of health behaviors, while exercise can reduce stress. Assessing the bi-directional relationship between stress and exercise has been limited by lack of real-time data and theoretical and statistical models. This lack may hinder efforts to promote exercise maintenance. We test the bi-directional relationship between stress and exercise using real-time data for the average person and the variability—individual differences—in this relationship. An observational study was conducted within a single cohort randomized controlled experiment. Healthy young adults, (n = 79) who reported only intermittent exercise, completed 12 months of stress monitoring by ecological momentary assessment (at the beginning of, end of, and during the day) and continuous activity monitoring by Fitbit. A random coefficients linear mixed model was used to predict end-of-day stress from the occurrence/non-occurrence of exercise that day; a logistic mixed model was used to predict the occurrence/non-occurrence of exercise from ratings of anticipated stress. Separate regression analyses were also performed for each participant. Sensitivity analysis tested all models, restricted to the first 180 days of observation (prior to randomization). We found a significant average inverse (i.e., negative) effect of exercise on stress and of stress on exercise. There was significant between-person variability. Of N = 69, exercise was associated with a stress reduction for 15, a stress increase for 2, and no change for the remainder. We also found that an increase in anticipated stress reported the previous night or that morning was associated with a significant 20–22% decrease (OR = 0.78–0.80) in the odds of exercising that day. Of N = 69, this increase in stress reduced the likelihood of exercise for 17, increased the odds for 1, and had no effect for the remainder. We were unable to identify psychosocial factors that moderate the individual differences in these effects. The relationship of stress to exercise can be uni- or bi-directional and varies from person to person. A precision medicine approach may improve exercise uptake.
Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Serum Creatinine

Featured Article: Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, Marsh J, Stevens LA, Kusek JW, Van Lente F, for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). Expressing the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate with standardized serum creatinine values. Clin Chem 2007;53:766–72.3 Chronic kidney disease (CKD4) is now recognized as a global public health problem affecting more than 10% of adults and more than 50% in high-risk subpopulations. Twenty years ago, the rising incidence and prevalence of kidney failure treated by dialysis and transplantation (end-stage renal disease) had been identified as a public health threat, but difficulty in properly relating measured serum creatinine (Scr) values to the level of kidney function had hampered efforts to describe the earlier stages of the disease. The remarkable progress during these 2 decades reflects the strong team work among clinicians, epidemiologists, biostatisticians, laboratory scientists, and in vitro diagnostic (IVD) manufacturers. The 2007 article highlighted here represents a milestone in the development and implementation of equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for detection, evaluation, and management of CKD. In 1999, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study Group reported a new equation to estimate GFR from serum creatinine (eGFRcr), using more rigorous statistical methods and a more …
Ferumoxytol Is Not Retained in Kidney Allografts in Patients Undergoing Acute Rejection.

To evaluate whether ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect allograft rejection in pediatric kidney transplant patients. The USPIO ferumoxytol has a long blood half-life and is phagocytosed by macrophages. In an IRB-approved single-center prospective clinical trial, 26 pediatric patients and adolescents (age 10–26 years) with acute allograft rejection (n = 5), non-rejecting allografts (n = 13), and normal native kidneys (n = 8) underwent multi-echo T2* fast spoiled gradient-echo (FSPGR) MRI after intravenous injection (p.i.) of 5 mg Fe/kg ferumoxytol. T2* relaxation times at 4 h p.i. (perfusion phase) and more than 20 h p.i. (macrophage phase) were compared with biopsy results. The presence of rejection was assessed using the Banff criteria, and the prevalence of macrophages on CD163 immunostains was determined based on a semi-quantitative scoring system. MRI and histology data were compared among patient groups using t tests, analysis of variance, and regression analyses with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. At 4 h p.i., mean T2* values were 6.6 ± 1.5 ms for native kidneys and 3.9 ms for one allograft undergoing acute immune rejection. Surprisingly, at 20–24 h p.i., one rejecting allograft showed significantly prolonged T2* relaxation times (37.0 ms) compared to native kidneys (6.3 ± 1.7 ms) and non-rejecting allografts (7.6 ± 0.1 ms). Likewise, three additional rejecting allografts showed significantly prolonged T2* relaxation times compared to non-rejecting allografts at later post-contrast time points, 25–97 h p.i. (p = 0.008). Histological analysis revealed edema and compressed microvessels in biopsies of rejecting allografts. Allografts with and without rejection showed insignificant differences in macrophage content on histopathology (p = 0.44). After ferumoxytol administration, renal allografts undergoing acute rejection show prolonged T2* values compared to non-rejecting allografts. Since histology revealed no significant differences in macrophage content, the increasing T2* value is likely due to the combined effect of reduced perfusion and increased edema in rejecting allografts.
Plâncton e produção primária em sistemas aquáticos da bacia da Amazônia Central

Resumo Tres ambientes aquaticos da bacia da Amazonia Central foram amostrados durante a fase de aguas baixas: rio Solimoes (Amazonas), rio Negro e lago Janauaca. No rio Solimoes, rico em nutrientes, a produtividade primaria foi em media 0,063g C/m2.d, porem o crescimento liquido de fitoplancton e impossivel devido a profundidade, pouca penetracao de luz e turbulencia causada pela correnteza. No rio Negro, quimicamente pobre, um ciclo diario de Σ CO2 foi causado pela demanda fotossintetica nas aguas superficiais, e a produtividade primaria foi em media 0,19g C/m2.d. No lago Janauaca, um lago marginal do Solimoes, os nutrientes apresentavam baixa concentracao e eram intensamente reciclados; grandes populacoes de fitoplâncton produziram ate 3,5g C/m2.d (media - 2,2). A mudanca anual de dez metros no nivel da agua do Amazonas fornece e drena a maior parte da agua nos lagos marginais. Durante a estocagem da agua do rio nos lagos a materia particulada sedimenta-se e os nutrientes inorgânicos dissolvidos sao convertidos para formas inorgânicas pelo intenso crescimento do fitoplancton. Estes lagos podem ser uma importante fonte de materia orgânica para o ecossistema fluvial.
Molybdenum disulfide and water interaction parameters.

Understanding the interaction between water and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is of crucial importance to investigate the physics of various applications involving MoS2 and water interfaces. An accurate force field is required to describe water and MoS2 interactions. In this work, water–MoS2 force field parameters are derived using the high-accuracy random phase approximation (RPA) method and validated by comparing to experiments. The parameters obtained from the RPA method result in water–MoS2 interface properties (solid-liquid work of adhesion) in good comparison to the experimental measurements. An accurate description of MoS2-water interaction will facilitate the study of MoS2 in applications such as DNA sequencing, sea water desalination, and power generation.
Silver and Sanctified Bookkeeping: St. Eligius and the Smelting of Sin in the Wittenberg Heiligtum

This article examines Lucas Cranach's renderings of two non-extant silver gilt reliquaries made in the likeness of St. Eligius from the electoral "Heiligtum" in Wittenberg. The significance of Eligius's dual roles as both a metalworker for the Merovingian kings and as the bishop of Noyon bestowed the prince-electors in Wittenberg, most notably Frederick the Wise, with the ability to cleanse their treasury of all sin associated with indulgences. To explain the promient place given to Eligius's image in the collection, the article investigates his connection to French royalty, Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV's valorization of his cult, the meaning attributed to his image in vernacular legends, and the evolving administrative role of bishops across the Middle Ages.
Who Cares? Generativity and the Moral Emotions, Part 3. Asocial Intuitionist “Ecology of Virtue”:

Recent thinking in positive psychology has promoted the idea that positive and moral emotions facilitate prosocial (perhaps caring) behavior (Fredrickson, 2004; Haidt, 2003a). One prominent theory ...
Formative Assessment in Inquiry-Based Elementary Mathematics

The chapter presents findings related to Czech teachers’ and pupils’ difficulties with, opinions on, and needs associated with formative assessment, namely, peer assessment, in inquiry-based lessons. The research was conducted within the EU-funded Assess Inquiry in Science, Technology, and Mathematics Education project (ASSIST-ME). Six teachers of primary mathematics worked with researchers on inquiry tasks and methods of peer assessment and implemented them in their classrooms. The paper focuses mainly on (a) the interplay of teachers’ intentions, subject matter, and learners in inquiry; (b) the teachers’ role in supporting learning via (formative) assessment; and (c) the pupils’ role in their own learning and the learning of peers. Significant phenomena in implementation of assessment were identified, namely, the importance of formulation of learning objectives; pupils’ ability to decide about the correctness, identify the mistakes, and give supporting feedback to their peers; possible (and needed) support; and institutionalization of knowledge.
A New Transformative Framework for Data Assimilation and Calibration of Physical Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Models

Accurate specification and prediction of the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) environment, driven by external forcing, is crucial to the space community. In this work, we present a new transformative framework for data assimilation and calibration of the physical IT models. The framework has two main components: (i) the development of a quasi-physical dynamic reduced order model (ROM) that uses a linear approximation of the underlying dynamics and effect of the drivers, and (ii) data assimilation and calibration of the ROM through estimation of the ROM coefficients that represent the model parameters. A reduced order surrogate for thermospheric mass density from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) was developed in previous work. This work concentrates on the second component of the framework - data assimilation and calibration of the TIE-GCM ROM. The new framework has two major advantages: (i) a dynamic ROM that combines the speed of empirical models for real-time capabilities with the predictive capabilities of physical models which has the potential to facilitate improved uncertainty quantification (UQ) using large ensembles, and (ii) estimation of model parameters rather than the driver(s)/input(s) which allows calibration of the model, thus avoiding degradation of model performance in the absence of continuous data. We validate the framework using accelerometer-derived density estimates from CHAMP and GOCE. The framework is a first of its kind, simple yet robust and accurate method with high potential for providing real-time operational updates to the state of the upper atmosphere in the context of drag modeling for Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management.
Evolution of Models of Homologous Recombination

With the elucidation of the structure of DNA in 1953, it became possible to think in molecular terms about how recombination occurs and how it relates to the repair of DNA damage. Early molecular models, most notably the seminal model of Holliday in 1964, have been followed by a succession of other proposals to account for increasingly more detailed molecular biological information about the intermediates of recombination and for the results of more sophisticated genetic tests. Our current picture, far from definitive, includes several distinct mechanisms of DNA repair and recombination in both somatic and meiotic cells, based on the idea that most recombination is initiated by double-strand breaks.
T-bet: A Critical Regulator of Encephalitogenic T Cells

T-bet is a transcription factor that regulates CD4 Th1 cell differentiation and mice deficient in T-bet fail to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, demonstrating its critical role in the generation of immune-mediated demyelinating disease. More importantly, silencing T-bet in a model for multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrates that it is a viable therapeutic target. T-bet has been found to correlate with disease activity and therapeutic efficacy, suggesting that it may also be a biomarker for MS. Defining the role of T-bet in generating encephalitogenic T cells and their effector functions may provide insight into the mechanisms that underlie the pathology of MS lesions.
Technical note: a technique for inserting a T-cannula into the distal ileum of pregnant sows

Our objective was to develop a technique for cannulating the terminal ileum in pregnant sows and to evaluate the usefulness of this procedure in digestibility studies in pregnant and lactating sows. A simple T-cannula was inserted into the terminal ileum approximately 15 cm cranial to the ileo-cecal valve in a total of 15 multiparous sows at d 40 (+/- 5 d) of pregnancy. All cannulated sows recovered quickly after the surgery and within 3 d they were eating normally. Elevated body temperatures were not registered in any sows, and clinical problems related to the surgery were not observed. At farrowing, normal litters were born, and number of stillborn pigs, number of live born pigs, and daily litter weight gain were not affected by the cannulations (P > .05). Of the 15 sows originally cannulated, 11 sows were used for collection of digesta during gestation and the following lactating period. Eight sows were rebred after weaning, and five sows were rebred after the second lactation period and kept for another cycle. Blockage of the cannulas never occurred, and no serious problems were associated with digesta collections. The experiment demonstrated that pregnant sows can be prepared with a simple T-cannula in the distal ileum and that the cannula can be maintained in sows throughout the reproductive cycle. Hence, the procedure provides a tool for obtaining digesta from pregnant and lactating sows for nutrition studies.
Calculus in Banach Spaces

In this chapter we develop the theory of the derivative for mappings between Banach spaces. Partial derivatives, Jacobians, and gradients are all examples of the general theory, as are the Gâteaux and Frechet differentials. Kantorovich’s theorem on Newton’s method is proved. Following that there is a section on implicit function theorems in a general setting. Such theorems can often be used to prove the existence of solutions to integral equations and other similar problems. Another section, devoted to extremum problems, illustrates how the methods of calculus (in Banach spaces) can lead to solutions. A section on the “calculus of variations” closes the chapter.
Sino-Indian Relations and EU Development Policies in Post-Conflict Nepal

Since the establishment of official ties in 1973, the European Union (EU) has emerged as an important development partner for Nepal. The EU was instrumental during the Nepali Civil War, as it pressured both parties to maintain restraint and encouraged political dialogue. After the signing of the peace agreement in 2006, the EU facilitated the post-war reconstruction and political reconciliation in Nepal by actively promoting the need for an inclusive constitution. Despite enjoying substantial political support within Nepal, as this chapter showcases, the EU’s normative role is constrained by the significant geopolitical influences of Nepal’s powerful neighbors, India and China. Given the competing interests of the two emerging powers, the EU thus operates in a country that is part of a regional geopolitical tussle.
Implications of Power Plant Idling and Cycling on Water Use Intensity

Survey data from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) was combined with data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to explore ways in which operations might impact water use intensity (both withdrawals and consumption) at thermoelectric power plants. Two disparities in cooling and power systems operations were identified that could impact water use intensity: (1) Idling Gap—where cooling systems continue to operate when their boilers and generators are completely idled; and (2) Cycling Gap—where cooling systems operate at full capacity, while their associated boiler and generator systems cycle over a range of loads. Analysis of the EIA and EPA data indicated that cooling systems operated on average 13% more than their corresponding power system (Idling Gap), while power systems operated on average 30% below full load when the boiler was reported as operating (Cycling Gap). Regression analysis was then performed to explore whether the degree of power plant idling/cycling could be related to...
Collective Memory, Psychology of

Collective memory has been the subject of productive interactions within the social sciences ever since its initial conceptualization. Employing a social interactionist framework in which large-scale phenomena are empirically investigated as interactions between cognition and social dynamics, the article presents psychology's contribution to understanding the formation and the dynamics of collective memories.
Why Who Marries Whom Matters: Effects of Educational Assortative Mating on Infant Health in the United States 1969–1994

Educational assortative mating patterns in the U.S. have changed since the 1960s, but we know little about the effects of these patterns on children, particularly on infant health. Rising educational homogamy may alter prenatal contexts through parental stress and resources, with implications for inequality. Using 1969-1994 NVSS birth data and aggregate cohort-state census measures of spousal similarity of education and labor force participation as instrumental variables (IV), this study estimates effects of parental educational similarity on infant health. Controlling for both maternal and paternal education, results support family systems theory and suggest that parental educational homogamy is beneficial for infant health while hypergamy is detrimental. These effects are stronger in later cohorts and are generally limited to mothers with more education. Hypogamy estimates are stable by cohort, suggesting that rising female hypogamy may have limited effect on infant health. In contrast, rising educational homogamy could have increasing implications for infant health. Effects of parental homogamy on infant health could help explain racial inequality of infant health and may offer a potential mechanism through which inequality is transmitted between generations.
Building and innovating upon McHarg’s ecological survey: the Texas case

Ian McHarg provided critical direction toward Texas’s urban settlement planning during the 1970s, an era of transformation and vision, in which he developed the Lake Austin Growth Management Plan and a plan for The Woodlands. Texas continues to undergo dramatic changes, with a projected doubling of population by 2050 and escalation of extreme weather events. In response, the University of Texas at Austin recently launched Planet Texas 2050 (PT2050), a decade-long grand challenge research program focused on developing knowledge and strategies needed to plan for resilience in the face of climate and population change. This article investigates the following research question: How does Planet Texas 2050 build and innovate upon McHarg’s ecological survey method for the purpose of planning a resilient Texas? I analyze McHarg’s ecological survey method and use the examples from The Woodlands and Planet Texas 2050 to explore the development of a socio-ecological survey. This investigation identifies several findings relevant for research and practice. It is possible that earlier and better integration of social data into The Woodlands’ ecological survey may have helped the planning team anticipate objections which influenced the abandonment of ecological planning for the second phase of The Woodlands’ development, resulting in a loss of ecosystem services. Almost 50 years later, Planet Texas 2050 has attempted to build a dynamic socio-ecological survey that integrates diverse socio-ecological data, co-produces socio-ecological knowledge with the public, and incorporates socio-ecological data from the past. Although PT2050 may fall short of its ambitious goal to ensure a resilient Texas by mid-century, growing system complexity and socio-ecological change ensure that surveys, such as McHarg’s ecological survey and Planet Texas 2050s socio-ecological survey, will remain a key component of future resilience planning.
Forest-type specialization strongly predicts avian responses to tropical agriculture.

Species’ traits influence how populations respond to land-use change. However, even in well-characterized groups such as birds, widely studied traits explain only a modest proportion of the varianc...
Language, immigration, and identity: An analysis of the discourses of the Finns Party

Populism has been on the rise in Europe, especially in the last decade. Finland is no exception, and a populist party ‘The Finns Party’ has gained momentum since the 2011 parliamentary election. The purpose of this paper is to examine the discourses of the Finns Party in their official releases on immigration and language in the 2015 parliamentary election. The socio-politically situated examination draws from Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, especially the concepts of biopower, biopolitics, racism, governmentality and subject position. In addition, language identity, language ideologies, and populism are used to discuss how linguistic identity and ideology are perceived and constructed in the data, especially in terms of discourses of inclusion and exclusion of ethnically Finnish but linguistically non-dominant groups, and immigrants.
Sports Policy Implementation by the IoT Platform

In India, presently the meritorious sportspersons are not being benefited due to the non-implementation of the latest technologies; this can be achievable with the sports policy using IoT platform. By developing a special web address or a mobile application for each game to have the live telecast matches, an online score of matches with player details and along with online referee support method interlinking these through the internet and store all the information in the cloud accessible only to the sports policy authorities. Within this context, the contribution of this study is (i) Educating player in problem-solving for better performance. (ii) Player healthcare like nutrition, medical supports, fitness. (iii) High quality of digital and visualization technological skillful game training. (iv) Latest referee rules and regulations. (v) Identification of the meritorious sportsperson from the metropolitan area to agency area. This all is monitored to provide sports Excellency facilities and required sports benefits.
Teaching objects first using Lego Robots: a Tri-P-LETS initiative

The proposed workshop will give the attendees a detailed account of what is necessary to incorporate Lego robotics into an early programming class. In particular, they will be shown how to adapt the Lego Mindstorms® Robotics Invention System for a Java-based environment, be shown four early lessons that emphasize an objects first approach, be given a chance to program a prebuilt robot, and receive a CD of public domain software recommended for getting started using these systems in the classroom.
Physician Burnout in a Rural Kansas Community

Introduction Physician wellness and burnout are topics of intense discussion and study, however, less is known about rural physician burnout. The aim of this study was to assess levels of physician burnout in the rural Kansas community of Salina. Methods An electronic, confidential survey was conducted among 145 physicians with active privileges at the local health center and/or surgical center. The survey included demographic features, practice characteristics, and the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory™ (aMBI). In addition, survey participants were invited to provide free-text responses to questions concerning specific causes of burnout and mechanisms to combat feelings of burnout. Results Of 145 invited, 76 physicians completed the survey. Thirty-six respondents self-identified as primary care physicians, 22 as subspecialists, and 18 as surgeons. aMBI scores for emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D) and personal accomplishment (PA) ranged from 0 to 18. The mean EE score was 8.4 (SD = 4.9), mean D score was 4.8 (SD = 3.9), and mean PA score was 15.2 (SD = 2.8). Using tertiles, physician burnout (i.e., those in the first tertile) for EE was 39% (30/76), D was 34% (26/76), and PA was 41% (31/75); 22% of physicians surveyed scored high on both EE and D as measured by tertiles, suggestive of more serious burnout. No significant differences in aMBI scores were observed for demographic features or practice characteristics; physicians who worked with medical students had higher PA scores. Contributing to burnout were demands of documentation and difficult patient encounters, while true time away might ameliorate rural physician burnout. Conclusions As measured by aMBI constructs, burnout is prevalent among the responding rural physicians practicing in the Salina community.
The Impact of a College-Educated Police Force

This study focuses on a literature review concept. In the hopes, that it will have some impact on decision processes. Given directions in the process of strategy development, how higher education can be an aid in the discipline as a function within the organization and in the impact in retaining the necessary resources to support the state and local appropriations for the police program in all fifty states in the United States of America.
RFID-Based Driving Fatigue Detection

With the growth of the number of vehicles and car accidents, driving safety is becoming increasingly important. There is a compelling need for an effective, low-cost driving fatigue detection system. In this paper, we propose an RFID based system, termed NodTrack, to detect the nodding movements of drivers, which is a key indicator of fatigue and one of the most dangerous motions during drowsy driving. The NodTrack system utilizes the phase difference between two RFID tags mounted on the back of a hat worn by the driver, to extract nodding features. We propose an effective technique to mitigate the cumulative error caused by frequency hopping in most FCC-compliant RFID systems, as well as a long short-term memory (LSTM) autoencoder model to learn the nodding features from calibrated data. The highly accurate detection performance of the proposed system is validated by our experimental study.
Identifying optimal survey-based algorithms to distinguish diabetes type among adults with diabetes.

Abstract Objectives Surveys for U.S. diabetes surveillance do not reliably distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, potentially obscuring trends in type 1 among adults. To validate survey-based algorithms for distinguishing diabetes type, we linked survey data collected from adult patients with diabetes to a gold standard diabetes type. Research design and methods We collected data through a telephone survey of 771 adults with diabetes receiving care in a large healthcare system in North Carolina. We tested 34 survey classification algorithms utilizing information on respondents’ report of physician-diagnosed diabetes type, age at onset, diabetes drug use, and body mass index. Algorithms were evaluated by calculating type 1 and type 2 sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) relative to a gold standard diagnosis of diabetes type determined through analysis of EHR data and endocrinologist review of selected cases. Results Algorithms based on self-reported type outperformed those based solely on other data elements. The top-performing algorithm classified as type 1 all respondents who reported type 1 and were prescribed insulin, as “other diabetes type” all respondents who reported “other,” and as type 2 the remaining respondents (type 1 sensitivity 91.6%, type 1 specificity 98.9%, type 1 PPV 82.5%, type 1 NPV 99.5%). This algorithm performed well in most demographic subpopulations. Conclusions The major federal health surveys should consider including self-reported diabetes type if they do not already, as the gains in the accuracy of typing are substantial compared to classifications based on other data elements. This study provides much-needed guidance on the accuracy of survey-based diabetes typing algorithms.
Discrimination, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health Across Ethnic Groups of Second-Generation Immigrant Adolescents

The relation between discrimination and higher depression by way of reductions in self-esteem has been documented among some racial and ethnic minority populations. Yet, the extent to which the results extend to general forms of discrimination as well as multiple second-generation immigrant ethnic groups remains underexamined. This article assessed the mediating role of self-esteem in the relation between general forms of perceived discrimination and depression symptoms among second-generation immigrant adolescents and assessed the extent to which the relations were invariant across ethnic sub-groups. Analyses were based on data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study over two periods spanning adolescence (N = 4288; Mage = 14 and 17). The mediating role of self-esteem was tested via path analysis for the full sample, and multiple-group path analyses compared these results across White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and other (multiracial) immigrants. Indirect effects were obtained via 5000 bootstrapped replications. In the full sample, the relation between discrimination and depression was mediated by self-esteem with approximately 30% of the total effect mediated. Said mediated relation was only confirmed among White and Asian sub-groups, with 27% and 49% of the total effects mediated, respectively. The results suggest that the process by which discrimination relates to mental health may vary between immigrant racial/ethnic sub-groups. In addition, the results highlight the value of considering broader categorizations of perceived discrimination beyond race or ethnicity to understand complexities associated with intersecting marginalized identities among this population.
A Defense of the Thomistic Concept of the Just Price

Since St. Thomas Aquinas was one of the first scholastics to analyze the idea of a “just price,” economists, economic historians and philosophers interested in the philosophical underpinnings of the market have focused on Aquinas’ writings. One group insists that Aquinas defined the just price as the payment needed to cover sellers’ labor and material costs. A second camp vehemently counters that Aquinas’ just price is simply the going market price. We argue that neither of these views is correct. The Thomistic just price is the price that would be agreed to by a just person as part of an exchange. This “just person price” takes into account the well-being of the individual transactors and the good of the entire community. Such a price reduces neither to the cost-covering price nor to the market exchange price. A Thomistic concept of the just person price deserves to be reconsidered, especially because a Thomistic approach offers some useful ways to deal with issues quite differently from the popular neoclassical approach directed toward arriving at a socially optimal market price.
Formation of Gas-Phase Allyl Radicals from Glycerol on Rutile TiO2(110)

The reaction pathways of glycerol on TiO2(110) have been studied by molecular beam dosing and temperature-programmed desorption. The majority of adsorbed glycerol undergoes reactions to yield water...
Comparison of Bivalirudin Versus Heparin for Maintenance Systemic Anticoagulation During Adult and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

OBJECTIVES To provide a comparative analysis of conventional heparin-versus bivalirudin-based systemic anticoagulation in adult and pediatric patients supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. DESIGN Retrospective chart review study of adult and pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from January 1, 2014, to October 1, 2019. SETTING A large, high-volume tertiary referral adult and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center. PATIENTS Four hundred twenty-four individuals requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support and systemically anticoagulated with either unfractionated heparin (223 adult and 65 pediatric patients) or bivalirudin (110 adult and 24 pediatric patients) were included. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Digital data abstraction was used to retrospectively collect patient details. The majority of both groups were cannulated centrally (67%), and the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation type was predominantly venoarterial (84%). The adult bivalirudin group had a greater occurrence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (12% vs 1%; p < 0.01) and was more likely to require postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (36% vs 55%; p < 0.01). There were no statistical differences between the groups in regards to age, sex, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation location. The main finding was a reduced mortality in the adult bivalirudin group (odds ratio, 0.39; p < 0.01), whereas no difference was noted in the pediatric group. A significant reduction in the composite transfusion requirement in the first 24 hours was noted in the pediatric bivaluridin group with an odds ratio of 0.28 (p = 0.02). Groups did not differ in regard to laboratories per day, anticoagulant dose adjustments, or ischemic complications. CONCLUSIONS When compared with heparin-based systemic anticoagulation, bivalirudin demonstrated feasibility and safety as established by the absence of increases in identifiable adverse outcomes while manifesting substantial improvements in hospital mortality in adult patients. Further studies are necessary to corroborate these findings and further elucidate the role of bivalirudin during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.
Black men who have sex with men living in states with HIV criminalization laws report high stigma, 23 U.S. cities, 2017.

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between HIV laws, perceived community stigma, and behaviors and to compare differences between and within Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM). DESIGN/METHODS National HIV Behavioral Surveillance conducted interviews and HIV testing with MSM in 23 U.S. cities in 2017 using venue-based sampling methods. We used weighted cross-sectional data to compare MSM living in states with versus without HIV laws using Rao-Scott chi-square tests. We modeled the association between stigma and state HIV laws within racial groups to obtain adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among 7392 MSM, 56% lived in a state with HIV laws. In law states, Black MSM were more likely than White MSM to report their community would discriminate against persons with HIV (PWH) (59 versus 34%), not support the rights of PWH (20 versus 9%), not be friends with PWH (19 versus 10%), believe PWH 'got what they deserved' (27 versus 16%), and be intolerant of MSM (14 versus 5%). Adjusted for confounders, Black MSM in HIV law states were more likely to think their community would discriminate against PWH (aPR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.29; P = 0.02) and be intolerant toward MSM (aPR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.43-2.86; P < 0.001) than Black MSM in states without such laws. CONCLUSIONS HIV laws were related to higher stigma, but only for Black MSM. Future research regarding HIV-related laws should account for racial/ethnic disparities. Modernizing laws can delegitimize stigma and promote focusing on effective HIV prevention strategies.
Institutionalizing interdisciplinary sustainability curriculum at a large, research-intensive university: challenges and opportunities

As universities and colleges seek to integrate sustainability into a broad range of programs, degrees, and certificates, they must overcome traditional academic silos, disciplinary boundaries, and funding constraints. This requires an unprecedented level of curricular innovation, creative funding streams, and directed facilitation of cross-campus collaboration and communication. This article describes and analyzes recent efforts at the University of Utah to dramatically enhance interdisciplinary sustainability curriculum by utilizing a broad set of tools, including the creation of new faculty and staff positions, faculty learning communities, and special seminars; the development of new degrees and certificates; and the innovative changes in University structure and administration. The authors focus on the role of program coherence, administration, and ongoing support and assessment, as well as network building and systemic innovation that incentivize interdisciplinary sustainability teaching and curriculum development.