cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Multi-Layer Access: Improving 3D-Stacked Memory Bandwidth at Low Cost

3D-stacked DRAM alleviates the limited memory bandwidth bottleneck that exists in modern systems by leveraging through silicon vias (TSVs) to deliver higher external memory channel bandwidth. Today’s systems, however, cannot fully utilize the higher bandwidth offered by TSVs, due to the limited internal bandwidth within each layer of the 3D-stacked DRAM. We identify that the bottleneck to enabling higher bandwidth in 3D-stacked DRAM is now the global bitline interface, the connection between the DRAM row buffer and the peripheral IO circuits. The global bitline interface consists of a limited and expensive set of wires and structures, called global bitlines and global sense amplifiers, whose high cost makes it difficult to simply scale up the bandwidth of the interface within a single DRAM layer in the 3D stack. We alleviate this bandwidth bottleneck by exploiting the observation that several global bitline interfaces already exist across the multiple DRAM layers in current 3D-stacked designs, but only a fraction of them are enabled at the same time.We propose a new 3D-stacked DRAM architecture, called Simultaneous Multi-Layer Access (SMLA), which increases the internal DRAM bandwidth by accessing multiple DRAM layers concurrently, thus making much greater use of the bandwidth that the TSVs offer. To avoid channel contention, the DRAM layers must coordinate with each other when simultaneously transferring data. We propose two approaches to coordination, both of which deliver four times the bandwidth for a four-layer DRAM, over a baseline that accesses only one layer at a time. Our first approach, Dedicated-IO, statically partitions the TSVs by assigning each layer to a dedicated set of TSVs that operate at a higher frequency. Unfortunately, Dedicated-IO requires a nonuniform design for each layer (increasing manufacturing costs), and its DRAM energy consumption scales linearly with the number of layers. Our second approach, Cascaded-IO, solves both issues by instead time multiplexing all of the TSVs across layers. Cascaded-IO reduces DRAM energy consumption by lowering the operating frequency of higher layers. Our evaluations show that SMLA provides significant performance improvement and energy reduction across a variety of workloads (55p/18p on average for multiprogrammed workloads, respectively) over a baseline 3D-stacked DRAM, with low overhead.
Factored models for multiscale decision-making in smart grid customers

Active participation of customers in the management of demand, and renewable energy supply, is a critical goal of the Smart Grid vision. However, this is a complex problem with numerous scenarios that are difficult to test in field projects. Rich and scalable simulations are required to develop effective strategies and policies that elicit desirable behavior from customers. We present a versatile agent-based factored model that enables rich simulation scenarios across distinct customer types and varying agent granularity. We formally characterize the decisions to be made by Smart Grid customers as a multiscale decision-making problem and show how our factored model representation handles several temporal and contextual decisions by introducing a novel utility optimizing agent. We further contribute innovative algorithms for (i) statistical learning-based hierarchical Bayesian timeseries simulation, and (ii) adaptive capacity control using decision-theoretic approximation of multiattribute utility functions over multiple agents. Prominent among the approaches being studied to achieve active customer participation is one based on offering customers financial incentives through variable-price tariffs; we also contribute an effective solution to the problem of customer herding under such tariffs. We support our contributions with experimental results from simulations based on real-world data on an open Smart Grid simulation platform.
Maximizing Correctness with Minimal User Effort to Learn Data Transformations

Data transformation often requires users to write many trivial and task-dependent programs to transform thousands of records. Recently, programming-by-example (PBE) approaches enable users to transform data without coding. A key challenge of these PBE approaches is to deliver correctly transformed results on large datasets, since these transformation programs are likely to be generated by non-expert users. To address this challenge, existing approaches aim to identify a small set of potentially incorrect records and ask users to examine these records instead of the entire dataset. However, because the transformation scenarios are highly task-dependent, existing approaches cannot capture the incorrect records for various scenarios. We present a approach that learns from past transformation scenarios to generate a meta-classifier to identify the incorrect records. Our approach color-codes these transformed records and then presents them for users to examine. The method allows users to either enter an example for a record transformed incorrectly or confirm the correctness of a transformed record. And our approach can learn from the users' labels to refine the meta-classifier to accurately identify the incorrect records. Simulation results and a user study show that our method can identify the incorrectly transformed records and reduce the user efforts in examining the results.
An Ultrastructural Examination of the Structure and Germination of Asexual Propagules of Four Mucoralean Fungi

The distinction between zygomycete conidia and sporangiola with single spores remains poorly defined despite recent ultrastructural studies of Mucorales (2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 20, 21). Some workers (1, 4, 5, 9, 15, 19) have not recognized a valid distinction between the two types of single asexual propagules. This problem is of particular interest and importance as the families of the Mucorales are erected in part on the basis of asexual reproductive structures (4, 15). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that conidia and single-spored sporangiola are not synonymous and may be readily distinguished from one another on the basis of ultrastructural changes during germination.
Epidemiological Study of Meningitis Caused by Neisseria Meningitidis in Guangzhou City

Objective To examine the occurrence of meningitis caused by neisseria meningitidis and the level of serum anti-neisseria antibody. Method Using uniform form in case investigation, and using section cross investigation and cluster sampling. Result Between December 2004 and April 2005, there were 55 cases of infections caused by neisseria meningitidis in Guangzhou. Two of the patients were died of infection. The morbidity rate was 7.48/10,0000, and the mortality rate was 3.6%. The percentage of workers (11.32%) carrying neisseria was higher than the individuals living in Guangzhou(1.92%) or students living in University City's(0.68%,P0.001). In Guangzhou University City, all the workers and students were immunized with neisseria vaccine. Two weeks after immunization, the percentage of sero-conversion was 93.82%(167/178, ?字2=85.6148, P0.001). Conclusion Most of the people migrating to Guangzhou had a low level of antibody for neisseria meningitidis. Most of the individuals in this population were not immunized for this pathogen. Immunization program should include this population of people in order to increase their immunity against infection by neisseria meningitidis.
Differential contribution of COX-1 and COX-2 derived prostanoids to cortical spreading depression—Evoked cerebral oligemia:

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is considered a significant phenomenon for human neurological conditions and one of its key signatures is the development of persistent cortical oligemia. The factors underlying this reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) remain incompletely understood but may involve locally elaborated vasoconstricting eicosanoids. We employed laser Doppler flowmetry in urethane-anesthetized rats, together with a local pharmacological blockade approach, to test the relative contribution of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids to the oligemic response following CSD. Administration of the non-selective COX inhibitor naproxen completely inhibited the oligemic response. Selective inhibition of COX-1 with SC-560 preferentially reduced the early reduction in CBF while selective COX-2 inhibition with NS-398 affected only the later response. Blocking the action of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), using the selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor ozagrel, reduced only the initial CBF decrease, while...
Influence of acid value on recovery voltage parameters of transformer oil-paper insulation system

A simplified model of transformer is set up to research the influence of acid value on recovery voltage parameters. 25# transformer oil and ordinary cellulose paper are used as oil-paper composite insulation in aging experiment and results show that,the relationship between the acid value of insulating paper and the aging time is a linear function while that between the acid value of transformer oil and the aging time is an exponential function;along with the increase of insulating paper acid value,the maximum recovery voltage increases linearly,the central time constant decreases exponentially and the initial slope increases exponentially.
Governance of Collaborative Open Source Software: Inference from Transaction Cost Economics Model

Structural changes in open source software and increased involvement of commercial organizations in the development and governance of open source projects represent a departure from the „pure‟ open source paradigm and an emergence of a new collaborative model. In this paper we call for a new perspective on open source software research that explains this latest alliance with commercial vendors. We argue that open source is about governance, not just free code. It‟s the uniqueness of a governance model that differentiates successful collaborations. The transformation of OSS bazaar-like process to a more structured development, while maintaining the bazaar product could not be achieved successfully without the establishment of an optimal collaborative governance model.
Self-Expansion is Associated with Better Adherence and Obesity Treatment Outcomes in Adults.

Previous studies have shown that self-expansion (e.g., increasing positive self-content via engaging in novel, rewarding activities) is associated with smoking cessation and attenuated cigarette-cue reactivity. This study examined whether self-expansion is associated with better adherence, weight loss, and physical activity (PA) outcomes within a weight loss intervention. Participants from Shape Up Rhode Island 2012, a Web-based community wellness initiative, took part in a randomized controlled trial that involved a 12-week behavioral weight loss intervention [1]. At baseline and post-intervention, objective weights and self-reported self-expansion and PA were obtained from 239 participants. Treatment adherence was assessed objectively. Self-expansion during treatment was significantly associated with percent weight loss including clinically significant weight loss (i.e., 5 %), minutes of PA, and treatment adherence. These results held after controlling for relevant covariates. This is the first study to show that self-expansion is associated with better behavioral weight loss outcomes including weight loss, adherence, and PA. These results suggest that self-expansion is a promising novel target for future research which could inform health interventions.
The effect of rexinoid (LGD1069 and LG100268) on the growth of breast cells.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A86 Rexinoids are important in controlling apoptosis and are known to suppress both ER-positive and ER-negative mammary tumor development with reduced toxicity compared to RAR-selective retinoids. Rexinoids are also active in animals in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer and in ATRA-resistant breast cancer cells. Hence, rexinoids seems to be more efficient and promising chemopreventive and therapeutic drugs compare to RAR-selective ligands. Our goal of the study of the present study is to know whether LGD1069 and LG100268 (rexinoids-from Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc.) suppress the growth of breast cancer cells, and how these drugs act to inhibit breast cancer development. For that purpose, we tested 5 different breast cell lines; 1 human mammary epithelial cell line (HMEC), 2 different ER-positive cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) and 2 different ER-negative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435). By MTS assay, We found that both LGD1069 and LG100268 inhibited significantly normal HMEC cell growth at 10 uM. We also found that LGD1069 strongly suppressed the growth of T47D (ER-positive) by dose-dependent manner. LGD1069 also induced a mild inhibition of MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative) at 10 uM. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435 did not have growth suppression by LGD1069 at 10 uM. LG100268 did affect little the cell growth in all 4 breast cancer cell lines suggesting its weak activity compare to LGD1069. We will further enlarge our investigation using three-dimensional (3D) epithelial culture systems, ressembling their in vivo architecture to see whether the growth suppressive activity of rexinoids would be differently displayed between monolayer and 3D system. On the other hand, to investigate the mechanism by which LGD1069 suppresses breast tumorigenesis, we have studied the genes modulated by LGD1069 and LG100268. We treated first MDA-MB-231 with LGD1069 and LG100268 at 10 uM for 12 hrs, extracted RNA and then submitted to Affymetrix Microarray. In MDA-MB-231, we identified 333 genes up-regulated and 319 genes down-regulated by LGD1069 with changes in fold induction greater than 2 fold. We also identified 116 genes up-regulated and 431 genes down-regulated by LG100268 with changes in fold induction greater than 2 fold. According to the data, we found several interesting genes induced by LGD1069 and LG100268 in MDA-MB-231 such as several hypothetical proteins, CDC14 cell division cycle 14 homolog A (S. cerevisiae), recombination activating gene 2, tumor protein D52, MDM2, ITGA4, ADh1B, NF2 and cathepsin S (for LGD1069), several hypothetical proteins, zinc finger protein 423, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2), eukaryotic tranlation initiation factor 5A, transcription factor 4, MDM2, FGF2, GNRH1, and annexin A9 (for LG100268). We will study their functions. We are also performing gene profiling for HMEC and T47D to identify the genes regulated by LGD 1069 and LG100268. This work is supported by U.S. DOD Grant (W81XWH-04-1-0505).
1006 The influence of parents and peers on adolescent attitudes toward helmet use in the united states

Background Bicycling is a common form of recreation and physical activity for adolescents. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of helmets to decrease the chance of injury during wheeled activities. Despite these recommendations, helmet-use rates in the United States are low (i.e., 5%–20%). One reason may be that adolescents fear that helmet-use may be viewed negatively by peers. The purpose of the study was to examine adolescent attitudes toward helmet use among hypothetical peers and determine whether parent and peer helmet-use influenced adolescents’ decisions to wear helmets. Methods Participants were 40 males aged 10–14 ( M = 12.03, SD = 1.48) from a school in the Midwestern United States. The sample included African American (40%), Caucasian (30%), Bi-racial (18%), and Hispanic (5%) youth. All youth reported riding bicycles on a weekly basis. Youth were presented with a series of photographs of same-age, same-sex peers riding bicycles with or without helmets. Perceptions of the hypothetical peer were measured using the Revised Adjective Checklist. Results The majority of youth (60%) reported “never” or “rarely” wearing a helmet. Participants selected significantly more positive adjectives (e.g., smart, healthy, honest) to describe the helmeted hypothetical peer ( M = 27.32. SD = 3.78) than the peer without a helmet ( M = 24.66, SD = 5.75), t (39) = 2.60, p = .01; moderate effect size d = 0.55. Youth’s self-reported helmet-use was significantly higher when their parents required helmet-use, r( 38) = 0.63, p < 0.01, and when friends wore helmets, r (38) = 0.65, p < 0.01. Conclusions Youth in this study were more likely to wear helmets when friends wore helmets and when parents required helmet use. Contrary to expectations, participants in this study viewed a hypothetical peer wearing a helmet more favourably than a peer who was not wearing a helmet. Future research should examine the disconnect between adolescents’ favourable perceptions of helmet-use and their low rates of use.
Developing a strategic plan ACRL focuses on the future

En 2003, l'ACRL (Association of College and Research Libraries) a entrepris le developpement d'un nouveau plan strategique destine a guider l'association pour les 5 a 10 annees a venir. L'article presente les principaux points ayant informe la creation du nouveau plan. L'enquete realisee aupres des membres de l'ACRL fait notamment ressortir l'importance des questions de technologie, de droit d'auteur et de services aux clients, ainsi que leurs perceptions vis-a-vis des services offerts par l'association.
Moralizing Nietzsche's Moral Psychology: The Case of Katsafanas

This review essay discusses Paul Katsafanas’s The Nietzschean Self (Oxford, 2016), which purports to offer an interpretation of Nietzsche’s moral psychology, including questions such as “reflection’s role in action, the genuine action/mere behavior distinction, the nature of evaluative judgment, the structure of human motivation, the possibility of freedom, and the nature of responsibility.” Katsafanas also claims that Nietzsche “wants to understand how ethical claims are justified” (hereafter, the problem of “normative authority”), although no textual evidence is ever adduced anywhere in the book showing Nietzsche to be concerned with this question.I argue that (1) Katsafanas’s claim that Nietzsche thinks that only conscious mental states are conceptually articulated is not supported by the texts and trades on Katsafanas’s own confusion between linguistic and conceptual articulation, one that vitiates many of the arguments in the book; (2) Katsafanas has a more successful account of the role of drives in Nietzsche’s philosophical psychology and their influence on conscious reflection; (3) Katsafanas’s attempt to resist the import of the latter account for Nietzsche’s ideas about free will and the role of conscious deliberation depends on misrepresentations of the texts and philosophical confusions about the thesis that consciousness is epiphenomenal; (4) Katsafanas misrepresents Schiller’s views about the “unity” of a self, and thus fails to refute the popular view in the literature that unity, for Nietzsche, is a matter of unity among a person’s drives; and (5) many of Katsafanas’s mistakes, and especially his frequent carelessness with Nietzsche’s texts, are best-explained by his desire to construe Nietzsche’s moral psychology as responding to the problem of normative authority. In the end, the “Nietzschean moral psychology” of this book is largely Katsafansas’s invention, occasionally inspired by snippets from Nietzsche.
Degradation of Magnesium-Rich Primers over AA2024-T3 During Constant Immersion in Different Solutions

Degradation of Mg-rich primer (MgRP) during constant immersion in 1 wt% NaCl solution and in dilute Harrison’s solution was compared. The effects of different ions, Mg pigment connection modes, and...
Investigation of a multistage micro gas compressor cascaded in series for increase pressure rise

Abstract This paper discusses the fabrication, assembly, and testing of a single-stage and a two-stage micro gas compressor cascaded in series to demonstrate the effectiveness of a multistage serial configuration with the utilization of piezoelectric unimorph diaphragms and passive microvalves. Gas compression is enabled with the large stroke volume from the diaphragm resonance frequency of ∼4.5–5.8 kHz, generating pressure rise for the single and multistage microcompressors. The microcompressors consist of passive micro check valves fabricated with SU-8 using MEMS microfabrication method and a piezo disc integrated to the CNC micromachined housings. The microcompressor pressure-flow performance curves and its performance based on the dependent parameters such as the voltage and the drive frequency are presented in this paper. The single-stage and the two-stage microcompressors operate at a low max voltage of 60 Vpp and at the resonance of the piezo diaphragm to achieve maximum pressure rise. From experimental result, maximum pressure rise of 10 kPa and a maximum flow rate of 32 standard cubic cm per min (sccm) were achieved from the single-stage device. The two-stage microcompressor showed improvement over the single-stage by generating a maximum pressure rise of 18 kPa and maintained the same maximum flow rate of 32 sccm. This was achieved with each stage operating independently at the diaphragm resonance. Additionally, we provided test results of the microvalve pressure-flow curve and test characterization of the unimorph piezo disc.
Maneuvering Target Tracking with Variable State Dimension

Abstract A novel approach to tracking a maneuvering target is developed. This approach does not rely on a statistical description of the maneuver as a random process. Instead, the state model for the target is changed by introducing extra state components when a maneuver is detected. The maneuver, modeled as an acceleration, is estimated recursively. The performance of this estimator is shown to be superior to a recent algorithm [Cl) that handles the maneuver by estimating it as an unknown input. A significant departure from the current practice of comparison of algorithms is made: a rigorous statistical methodology is presented and used in the comparison of these estimators.
A Study on Parallel Parsing of Tree Languages and Its Application to Syntactic Pattern Recognition

The tree systems approach to pattern recognition has received increasing attention by Fu and Bhargava (1973) and Fu (1974). It has been shown to be an effective method for the classification of bubble chamber events, fingerprint pattern recognition, and the LANDSAT data interpretation as discussed in Fu (1977). Instead of using a string representation of primitives and relations, tree systems use a tree structure to represent a pattern in terms of its primitives and relations. Multidimensional patterns can be described more efficiently and effectively by a tree language than by a string representation. As long as patterns can be described by a tree structures, the associated tree grammars can be easily constructed or inferred. Tree automata can then be used to classify unknown patterns according to the constructed pattern grammars.
Enthalpy-Based Screening of Focused Combinatorial Libraries for the Identification of Potent and Selective Ligands.

In modern drug discovery, the ability of biophysical methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or surface plasmon resonance, to detect and characterize ligand–protein interactions accurately and unambiguously makes these approaches preferred versus conventional biochemical high-throughput screening of large collections of compounds. Nonetheless, ligand screening strategies that address simultaneously potency and selectivity have not yet been fully developed. In this work, we propose a novel method for screening large collections of combinatorial libraries using enthalpy measurements as a primary screening technique. We demonstrate that selecting binders that are driven by enthalpy (ΔH) results in agents that are not only potent but also more selective for a given target. This general and novel approach, we termed ΔH screening of fPOS (enthalpy screening of focused positional scanning library), combines the principles of focused combinatorial chemistry with rapid calorimetry measurements t...
Molecular phylogeny of the Laboulbeniomycetes (Ascomycota).

Abstract A first molecular-based phylogeny is presented for the Laboulbeniomycetes, a group of ascomycete fungi that utilize arthropods for nutrition and/or dispersal. Morphological diversification and life-history evolution has made it difficult to resolve relationships within the group, and to identify close relatives. Here, we infer a preliminary phylogeny based on acquisition of 51 new SSU rDNA sequences, representing a total of 65 taxa. The results of this study demonstrate that Laboulbeniomycetes is monophyletic, and related to Sordariomycetes. The class could be divided into at least 4 or 5 orders, though we refrain from formally giving names to these at this stage. Further evidence for the occurrence of asexuality within the class is provided by the inclusion of the genera Chantransiopsis and Tetrameronycha, both known only as asexual taxa with thalli consisting of linearly superposed cells. The precise placement of the genus Herpomyces (Herpomycetaceae), on cockroaches, remains unresolved in our analysis, but lies outside of the main clade of sexually reproducing Laboulbeniales. There is good support for this latter grouping, comprising taxa that are found on both aquatic and terrestrial hosts. Within this large assemblage, we recognize 5 distinct clades (clades E, F, G, H, I). Relationships among the so-called “aquatic genera” (≡ Ceratomycetaceae + some Euceratomycetaceae and Zodiomyces) are poorly resolved in our analyses, accounting for 3 of these clades (E, F, G), with the remainder of the taxa (largely equivalent to Laboulbeniaceae) split into two major groupings (clades H, I). Across all taxa, antheridial characteristics, features on which the earliest classifications were based, are shown to be homoplastic. On the other hand, features of perithecial development show an overall trend towards reduction, and appear to be phylogenetically informative. Morphological characters are identified that support the dichotomy in the Laboulbeniaceae and subclades within the two major groupings are discussed further in light of information on thallus morphology, development, and host relationships.
Disentangling Dark Physics with Cosmic Microwave Background Experiments

We forecast constraints on dark matter (DM) scattering with baryons in the early Universe with upcoming and future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, for DM particle masses down to 15 keV. In terms of the upper limit on the interaction cross section for a velocity-independent spin-independent elastic scattering, compared to current Planck results, we find a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}6$ improvement with CMB-Stage 3, a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}26$ with CMB-Stage 4, and a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}200$ with a cosmic-variance limited experiment. Once the instrumental noise reaches the proximity of $1\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$-arcmin, the constraints are entirely driven by the lensing measurements. The constraints benefit from a wide survey, and show gradual improvement for instrumental noise levels from $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$-arcmin to $1\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$-arcmin and resolution from 5 arcmin to 1 arcmin. We further study degeneracies between DM interactions and various other signatures of new physics targeted by the CMB experiments. In the primary temperature and polarization only, we find moderate degeneracy between the effects of DM scattering, signals from massive neutrinos, and from the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom. The degeneracy is almost entirely broken once the lensing convergence spectrum is included into the analyses. We discuss the implications of our findings in context of planned and upcoming CMB measurements and other cosmological probes of dark-sector and neutrino physics.
Group excellence: a model for the application of Japanese management to mental health centers.

Mental health centers and other government sponsored service organizations need highly effective management techniques. In this era of tightening budgets, the Japanese Management System may be a way of increasing both excellence and employee satisfaction. Managers who choose to explore this system may need a concise, written model as a guide to the ingenious, extensive, and paradoxical Japanese Management System. The System centers around quality control circles—autonomous problem-solving groups that strive for excellence. Composed of hierarchically interlocking groups, it uses a wide selection of group cohesion techniques to inspire esprit de corps, and an interlocking set of rewards governs behavior at every level. Decision making is collective (although supervisors retain veto power), and execution of ideas, once agreed upon, is quick and consistent. The System operates holistically, enthusiastically, with a high degree of excellence and mutual concern.
Nutrient Export from Tropical Rain Forests

Water flowing through terrestrial ecosystems links atmosphere, vegetation, soil, and surface waters. Because of this intimate connection between a river and its valley (as eloquently described by Hynes, 1975), disturbance of terrestrial ecosystems in a humid basin is likely to be reflected in elemental losses in stream and river water. Early work using the small watershed approach at Hubbard Brook in New Hampshire demonstrated the power of quantifying elemental inputs and outputs to characterize the ecosystem-level response to a terrestrial disturbance (Likens et al., 1978). In the years since publication of that seminal paper, the value of using stream and river chemistry as a measure of the severity of disturbance in a landscape has been widely accepted (Ranger and Turpault, 1999). Because streams usually integrate and synthesize the effects of disturbance better than direct sampling of terrestrial landscapes, changes in stream chemistry provide a powerful tool for understanding the effects of disturbance ntropical rain forests (e.g., Schaefer et al., 2000).
The Delta Model: Creating New Sources of Growth and Profitability in a Networked Economy

Our fundamental premise is that the essence of strategy is to achieve customer bonding. At the core of bonding are the attraction, satisfaction, and retention of the customer. We have identified three very distinct strategic options for attaining this objective, as displayed in the triangle in Fig. 2.1. We have chosen the triangle to depict the different strategic options not simply because it is a visual icon that is easy to remember, but also because it represents the letter delta, which stands for transformation and change. The delta theme extends to the labeling of the business model in this book. We refer to the three strategic options for customer bonding as Best Product, Total Customer Solutions, and System Lock-In. Initially, we will introduce them as if they were completely different ways of positioning the business. Ultimately, you will see that a sophisticated strategy plays simultaneously in every corner of the triangle, depending on the way you choose to serve the heterogeneous diversity of your customers.
Nationwide utilization and costs of targeted anti-cancer drugs for elderly patients with solid tumors in the United States, 2004-2015.

23Background: Studies of patients age < 65 suggest large increases in utilization and costs of targeted anti-cancer drugs (TADs). However, use and costs of TADs in patients age 65+ have not been ex...
CPProtectides: Rapid uptake of well-folded β-hairpin peptides with enhanced resistance to intracellular degradation

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as powerful tools for delivering bioactive cargoes, such as biosensors or drugs to intact cells. One limitation of CPPs is their rapid degradation by intracellular proteases. β-hairpin "protectides" have previously been demonstrated to be long-lived under cytosolic conditions due to their secondary structure. The goal of this work was to demonstrate that arginine-rich β-hairpin peptides function as both protectides and as CPPs. Peptides exhibiting a β-hairpin motif were found to be rapidly internalized into cells with their uptake efficiency dependent on the number of arginine residues in the sequence. Cellular internalization of the β-hairpin peptides was compared to unstructured, scrambled sequences and to commercially available, arginine-rich CPPs. The unstructured peptides displayed greater uptake kinetics compared to the structured β-hairpin sequences; however, intracellular stability studies revealed that the β-hairpin peptides exhibited superior stability under cytosolic conditions with a 16-fold increase in peptide half-life. This study identifies a new class of long-lived CPPs that can overcome the stability limitations of peptide-based reporters or bioactive delivery mechanisms in intact cells.
Myxomatous mitral valve disease in the miniature poodle: A retrospective study

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiovascular disease in the dog. The natural history of the disease is wide ranging and includes patients without clinical signs as well as those with significant clinical consequences from cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension and/or congestive heart failure. The factors that determine which dogs remain asymptomatic and which develop clinical disease are not known. Disease characteristics could be breed or family related; some breeds of dogs, particularly the Cavalier King Charles spaniels, develop MMVD at an early age. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively characterize MMVD in the miniature poodle, a commonly affected breed in which MMVD has not been well characterized. Thirty-two miniature poodles met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 11±three years. Clinical signs included exercise intolerance, syncope and coughing. Eighteen dogs were classified as ACVIM Stage B1, 12 as stage B2, and two as stage C. Mean vertebral heart scale (VHS) was 10.2 (±standard deviation of 0.9); 15 of 28 dogs had a VHS <10.3. One dog had radiographic evidence of congestive heart failure. Mean diastolic left ventricle dimension normalized to body weight was 1.6 (±0.4) and mean systolic was 0.8 (±0.3). Mitral valve prolapse was subjectively classified as mild or moderate in 19 dogs and severe in two. In the miniature poodles reported here, MMVD appears to be a fairly late onset disease and often is a mild phenotype.
Corporate Precautionary Savings

Cash holdings as a proportion of total assets of U.S. corporations have more than doubled since the 1980's. In light of the empirical evidence of Bates, Kahle, and Stulz (2008), we investigate which motive for precautionary cash holdings is responsible for the large increase. Precautionary savings can arise because various taxes, decreasing returns to scale in production, adjustment and issuing costs induce the firm to be prudent and save more in the face of increased risk. Precautionary savings can also arise because liquidity constraints require the firm to save more in the face of increased risk to satisfy the constraint. We find that the prudence motive is no longer empirically relevant, because the capital share of revenues is too low to impart any prudence. When capital is less important in generating revenues, future bad shocks to the marginal product of capital become less threatening and the firm no longer saves as a precaution against the future bad shocks. In contrast, the liquidity constraint motive can by itself explain the observed increase in cash holdings.
Ionization from Rydberg atoms and wave packets by scaled terahertz single-cycle pulses

The strong-field ionization behavior when a Rydberg atom is exposed to a terahertz single-cycle pulse is studied. Fully three-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equations and classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations are performed. Results from stationary eigenstates and Rydberg wave packets are presented, and it is found that the ionization properties can be different for the two cases. All of the pulse parameters and physical quantities are scaled versus the principal quantum number $n$. The ionized electron's scaled radial, energy, and angular distributions are investigated for different $n$, and the quantum results are interpreted using a semiclassical method. The scaling relations of quantum interference amplitudes are discussed.
Genipin-crosslinked ovotransferrin particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions as delivery vehicles for hesperidin

Abstract The present work aimed to fabricate genipin-crosslinked ovotransferrin (OVT) particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions as delivery vehicles for hesperidin. Nearly monodisperse ovotransferrin colloidal particles were prepared by employing genipin crosslinking, and reaction mechanism for the crosslinking of ovotransferrin with genipin was proposed. Genipin-crosslinked OVT particles were found to be efficient Pickering stabilizers at different oil fractions, and high internal phase Pickering emulsions (oil fraction φ = 0.75) with emulsified phase volume fraction of 100% could be solely stabilized by these particles. Visual observation and microscopic image indicated that genipin-crosslinked OVT particle-stabilized high internal phase Pickering emulsion (particle concentration c = 2.0 wt%, oil fraction φ = 0.75) was stable during one-month storage at room temperature. Optical microscopy and rheological measurements revealed that microstructures and rheological properties of genipin-crosslinked OVT particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions were dependent on both protein particle concentration and internal oil phase volume fraction. Genipin-crosslinked OVT particle-stabilized high internal phase Pickering emulsions were also stable at various pHs (2.0–4.0) and ionic strengths (0–200 mM). Optical microscopy showed that increase of pH or ionic strength resulted in a slight decrease in emulsion droplet sizes. In vitro digestion study showed that these OVT particles-stabilized high internal phase Pickering emulsions could improve both extent of lipolysis and hesperidin bioaccessibility significantly.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms and inflammatory cell populations are differentially expressed in term human placentas affected by intrauterine growth restriction

Abstract Objective Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a complication of pregnancy that has both short- and long-term sequelae for affected mothers and offspring. The pathophysiology of disease stems from poor nutrient and oxygen provision to the fetus, resulting in increased oxidative stress within the placenta. As the milieu within the local microenvironment alters macrophage differentiation, we hypothesized that macrophage plasticity may be altered in placentas associated with IUGR, and that macrophages would show hallmarks of lipid peroxidation including altered aldehyde metabolism. Methods In human placentas taken from normal pregnancies resulting in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) newborns and placentas associated with IUGR, placental macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and shown in IUGR to resemble pro-inflammatory activated M1-type macrophages. To link oxidative stress to macrophages, the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHs) isozymes ALDH1, ALDH2, and ALDH3 was assessed. Results All three isozymes displayed preferential staining for distinct cellular populations within the term human placenta. ALDH1 and ALDH2 were strongly expressed in placental Hofbauer and decidual stromal cells. ALDH3, in contrast, was present in extravillous trophoblasts. Comparing AGA and IUGR-associated placentas, ALDH1 and ALDH2 trended to have greater expression in macrophage populations but lower expression in decidual cell populations in IUGR-associated placentas. ALDH3 had higher expression in IUGR-associated placentas but localized specifically to extravillous trophoblast populations. Conclusion Therefore, we speculate that specific ALDH isozymes have cell-specific functions related to differentiation, inflammation, or oxidative stress responses that are altered in IUGR-associated term human placentas. This family of isozymes may be a novel method to identify human placentas affected by placental insufficiency/IUGR.
Enhanced Learning Through a New Simulation Debriefing Method for Respiratory Care Students

Background: Simulation based education (SBE) has become an essential part of healthcare curriculum. The literature supports the premise that student learning in simulation occurs during the debriefing session. The purpose of this project was to use and evaluate a new debriefing method for Respiratory Student SBE. This systematic method was designed by Gina Fieler MSN CHSE, Director of Simulation at Northern Kentucky University (NKU) using elements from nursing debriefing techniques. NKU Institutional Review Board gave approval for this project. Methods: Junior Respiratory Students attended SBE as part of their clinical practicum. The instructor gave a short pre-briefing report and invited all students to enter the simulation lab to observe the patient situation. Students individually noted their findings and returned to debriefing classroom. They described what they saw and the instructor marked their findings on the room9s large white board using the new structured format for pre and debriefing. For each finding, the students were prompted to consider what it meant and what further information was needed. The instructor gave student caregivers detailed report and they attended to the patient; the student observers watched from the classroom via video. The instructor ended the simulation when objectives were met. Caregivers joined the class for the debriefing and were asked to describe their experience. The instructor asked all students to consider interventions recommended, did these achieve the desired outcome, and if not, why not, what else is recommended. After debriefing, students completed the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M), (permission by Society for Simulation in Healthcare) a 3 level Likert Scale with one open comment. This was done for two patient scenarios: dislodged trach (n=16), foreign body airway obstruction (n=11). Results: Descriptive statistical analysis showed students 9strongly agreed9 or 9somewhat agreed9 on the majority of items of the SET-M for both scenarios. Open comments described increased confidence, decreased anxiety, and prebriefing was helpful. Conclusions: Using a structured pre and debriefing method that encourages students to observe and question in an organized, logical format increased student learning in SBE.
African American Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: Lived Experience and Future Directions for Research

Research indicates that African American women experience especially high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). Unique contributing factors, such as experiences of racism, compound the experien...
Abstract 1823: Mechanism of the anterograde transport of the androgen receptor

Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays a critical role in normal prostate physiology, as well as in the development and progression of prostate cancer. In addition to the classical paradigm in which AR exerts its biological effects by activating the transcription of its target genes, there is considerable evidence to support a rapid, non-genomic action mediated by membrane-associated AR, which facilitates the activation of kinase signaling cascades, leading to cell proliferation. While the nuclear translocation of AR is well studied, the molecular events controlling the recruitment of AR to the plasma membrane remain poorly understood. In this study, we set out to elucidate the mechanism underlying AR transport to the membrane. We found that a subpopulation of AR was localized to the membrane fraction shortly after androgen stimulation. Treatment with microtubule-targeting agents, but not actin inhibitors, blocked androgen-induced AR membrane localization, suggesting that AR transport to the membrane is mediated by the microtubule cytoskeleton. By utilizing dominant negative mutants, we identified the KIF5B, a member of the kinesin 1 family of motor proteins, is involved in the anterograde transport of AR. We further demonstrated that AR interacts directly with KIF5B, and such interaction is enhanced by androgens. Through a series of deletion constructs, a region includes the N-terminal and DNA binding domains of AR was determined to be involved in the association with KIF5B. Disruption of AR membrane transport decreased AKT phosphorylation. Together, our data suggest that KIF5B mediates AR membrane transport and regulates the non-genomic function of AR. Disruption of AR membrane translocation may represent a novel strategy to target AR signaling in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jianzhuo Li, Guanyi Zhang, Hee-Won Park, Haitao Zhang. Mechanism of the anterograde transport of the androgen receptor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1823.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment prior to autologous stem cell transplant as a predictor of patient outcomes: A retrospective review.

e23023Background: While autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been shown to be safe and effective in the geriatric population, age alone is not a sufficient predictor of outcomes. Minimal data...
Tiered Balancing and the Fate of Roe v. Wade: How the New Supreme Court Majority Could Turn the Undue-Burden Standard Into a Deferential Pike Test

If the new Supreme Court majority wishes to hollow out the core holding of Roe v. Wade, Planned Parenthood v. Casey, and Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt — the holding that a woman has a fundamental unenumerated right to terminate a pregnancy during pre-viability — then it will likely do so without expressly overruling existing precedents. In Hellerstedt, the Court unwittingly provided a way for its new, more socially conservative iteration to do just that. In Hellerstedt, the Court expressly stated that the undue-burden standard to be applied in reproductive rights cases was a balancing test pitting the burden on the woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy against the countervailing benefits associated with any such burden. But balancing tests, although scholars and courts rarely say so explicitly, are tiered just like the better-known means-ends standards known as strict scrutiny, intermediate scrutiny, and rational-basis review. Means-ends tests exist to smoke out bad motives, whereas bilateral and oppositional balancing tests exist to weigh competing policy interests against each other. Sometimes balancing tests are neutral; a court does not put its thumb on either side of the scale. But some balancing tests are asymmetric. Incursive balancing weights the individual’s interest or the constitutional principle at stake more heavily than the state’s interest in overcoming it. Deferential balancing, on the other hand, weights the state’s interest more heavily than the individual or constitutional interest implicated in a given case. Because the Hellerstedt Court did not clarify which type of balancing test was to be used — incursive, neutral, or deferential — the new Court majority can simply say that it is applying (rather than overruling) Hellerstedt when it employs a deferential balancing test under which a burden on a woman’s right to terminate a pregnancy is only invalid if it is clearly excessive in relation to any benefit. In this way, the Court can remake the undue-burden standard as something like the dormant-commerce Pike test, a test under which the government normally wins.