cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk-Adjusted Performance of Value and Growth Strategies: The Effect of Monetary Policy

Active money managers provide returns through two types of activities: stock selection and market timing. This study gives new insights into both, which can improve portfolio returns as well as client understanding of investment performance. We measure the sensitivity of stock returns to several macroeconomic factors and examine the risk-adjusted return performances of four popular value and growth investment strategies. Sensitivity to the macroeconomic factors differs across the strategies, depending on how value (or growth) is defined. Thus, not all value (nor all growth) portfolios will perform the same under a given set of macroeconomic conditions. Also, sensitivity to a given macroeconomic factor differs, varying from positive to negative to non-existent, depending on monetary policy. So a particular macroeconomic risk factor does not consistently affect portfolio performance. Last, how value or growth strategies perform relative to the general market also depends on monetary policy: after controlling for several macroeconomic factors we find that all four (only two) value portfolios earn positive risk-adjusted returns under expansive (restrictive) monetary policy regimes and growth portfolios earn negative risk-adjusted returns only under expansive monetary policy regimes.
A Framework for Managing Continuous Query Evaluations over Voluminous, Multidimensional Datasets

Efficient access to voluminous multidimensional datasets is essential for several scientific applications, including real-time analysis and visualization. Fast evolving datasets present unique challenges during retrievals. Keeping data up-to-date can be expensive and may involve the following: repeated data queries, excessive data movements, and redundant data preprocessing. This paper focuses on the issue of efficient manipulation of query results in cases where the dataset is continuously evolving. Our approach provides an automated and scalable tracking and caching mechanism to evaluate continuous queries over data stored in a distributed storage system. Among the storage nodes, one or more nodes are selected using an election algorithm based on CPU and memory utilization. These selected nodes ensure that the query output contains the most recent data arrivals and cache the metadata of the query output. This approach is evaluated in the context of Galileo, our distributed data storage framework. Galileo is designed for managing multidimensional time-series datasets generated in geospatial observational settings, e.g. Data generated by remote sensing equipment and sensor networks. We describe our approach of using the metadata graph to push data preprocessing jobs onto the storage system during the continuous query processing and selectively download subsets of the query output. Our performance benchmarks demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Fabrication of stamps for microcontact printing by injection molding

Microcontact printing has been shown to be a viable lithographic technique for the fabrication of a variety of microelectronic components, including source/drain and gate electrodes for organic field effect transistors. Future manufacturing efforts may require a means of mass producing stamps for this process. In the present work, stamps for microcontact printing were rapidly produced by injection molding a commercial polyurethane resin, using a silicon master as the mold insert. The performance of these stamps was evaluated by microcontact printing gold coated silicon surfaces with a fluorinated alkanethiol. Etching of the stamped surface protected by the patterned alkanethiol revealed excellent replication of the submicron linear features of the micromold. The use of injection molding as a standard method for the production of stamps for microcontact printing is proposed and may have advantages for future nanotechnology applications that require mass production of stamps. Because a wide range of polymers may be injection molded, this method may make possible the fabrication of stamps with improved mechanical and chemical properties compared to polydimethylsiloxane based stamps.
Long-Term Followup and Outcome of Continent Catheterizable Vesicostomy Using the Rink Modification

ABSTRACTPurpose: Multiple techniques have been described to create a Mitrofanoff channel in the pediatric population. A small subset of patients only requires creation of a catheterizable channel without bladder augmentation. These patients are ideal candidates for a procedure that avoids the use of intestine, especially in the absence of a suitable appendix. We used a modification of the Casale vesicostomy, as described by Rink, to create a continent vesicostomy in these children. We report our long-term experience with this technique.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who underwent continent vesicostomy at our institution between 1992 and 2000. Patient diagnosis, stomal site, associated bladder procedures, stomal continence, followup and complications associated with continent vesicostomy were documented.Results: Of the 31 patients who underwent continent vesicostomy, as described by Rink, 14 were female and 17 were male. Average age was 9 years (range...
Orbital inflammatory disease in a patient treated with zoledronate.

Objective: To increase awareness of orbital inflammatory disease as a rare adverse effect of bisphosphonates.Methods: We present a case report and a review of the relevant literature.Results: A 57-year-old woman with history of esophageal, breast, and lung cancers was diagnosed with postmenopausal osteoporosis. She initially received intravenous ibandronate for a total of 6 infusions. Later, she was changed to zoledronate infusion because of its yearly dosing schedule. Several hours after her initial infusion of zoledronate, she developed a painfully swollen left eye with photophobia. Ophthalmologic exam showed edema of the left upper lid. No exophthalmos was noted. Slit-lamp exam showed conjunctival injection in the left eye with an elevated intraocular pressure. An orbital computed tomographic scan showed inflammation of the left orbital, preseptal, and retroseptal spaces. She was started on 2 methylprednisolone dose packs and the swelling and erythema disappeared completely in 2 weeks. Subsequent orbit...
Distribution of amyloid in the brainstem of patients with Alzheimer disease.

Abstract A4 protein (β-protein, β-amyloid) deposits were identified with silver stains in postmortem brainstem sections from 13 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), 6 patients with mixed Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease (AD-PD), 5 disease controls, and 2 elderly controls. A rostro-caudal gradient of A4 was found in patients with AD and AD-PD, such that A4 was most prevalent in the midbrain and least prevalent in the medulla. The brainstems of the controls contained little or no A4. The midbrain tectum and tegmentum contained the greatest densities of A4, but the red nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata were largely spared. This distribution of A4 suggests that A4 deposition is a function of synaptic connectivity rather than passive diffusion from vascular sources.
Thermal, dielectric, and mechanical relaxation in poly(benzimidazole)/poly(etherimide) blends

Thermal, dielectric, and mechanical relaxation measurements on miscible blends of polybenzimidazole (PBI) and a polyetherimide (PEI, Ultem 1000) prepared by solution casting from dimethylacetamide (DMAc) reveal a number of structurally related features. Annealing below the glass transition temperature induces an enthalpy relaxation process typical of single-phase glasses of nonequilibrium structure. Dielectric relaxation experiments on samples annealed at ambient conditions reveal two relaxation processes below 400°C. At lower temperatures (50–200°C), the desorption of water is observed. Above 200°C in the first run, a composition-dependent relaxation is seen at the highest frequencies (100 kHz) while a relaxation approximately independent of composition appears in the second run. The latter corresponds to the glass transition of the PEI phase. The glass transition of PBI at this frequency is above the degradation temperature. At lower frequencies a strongly dispersive electrode polarization process masks the high-temperature relaxations. Dynamic mechanical results show similar features with respect to phase separation; the main difference is that the tan δ curves in the first run are complicated by the desorption of residual solvent.
Spontaneous and plasma factor-mediated transfer of pyrenyl cerebrosides between model and native lipoproteins

Abstract A series of pyrenyl glucocerebrosides was synthesized by reacylation of psychosine with pyrene-labeled fatty acids having 3–11 methylene units. When incorporated into model high-density lipoproteins consisting of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-apolipoprotein A-II complexes and incubated with unlabeled complexes, these lipids exhibited spontaneous transfer. Half times of transfer varied from 1.5 min to 365 min at 37° C. The logarithm of the rate of transfer was linearly related to the number of fatty acyl methylene units and HPLC retention time. Transfer occurred by passage of lipid monomers through the aqueous phase. Spontaneous transfer of the glycolipids also occurred when they were incorporated into native high-density lipoproteins. Rates of transfer between native high-density lipoprotein particles were higher than those observed between model high-density lipoprotein particles. A partially purified lipid exchange protein from plasma, as well as unfractionated lipoprotein-deficient serum, stimulated the transfer of fluorescent glycolipid between model high-density lipoprotein or native high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein 2–24 fold. The protein also stimulated the transfer of tritiated ganglioside GM3 between native low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein. This protein may play a role in glycolipid exchange in vivo.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Pediatric Patients With Heart Failure and Congenital Heart Disease A Reappraisal of Results

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for adult patients with left ventricular (LV) failure. Large prospective, randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated that CRT results in improvement in cardiac function, LV reverse remodeling, decreased hospitalizations for heart failure (HF), improved quality of life, and decreased overall mortality.1–5 However, 30% of adult patients are nonresponders to CRT, spurring further evaluation of electromechanical dyssynchrony to determine optimal pacing sites and to improve CRT selection criteria for maximal response.1,6 The positive response in adult HF prompted exploration of the use of CRT in pediatric HF patients. However, the effectiveness of CRT in the pediatric population is difficult to evaluate because of the complex anatomic substrates of congenital heart disease (CHD) and scar formation from multiple cardiac surgeries with a higher proportion of right bundle-branch block (RBBB) and right ventricular (RV) failure than in the adult population. The typical adult HF scenario of an LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤35% with a left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is uncommon in children; therefore, the adult selection criteria for CRT cannot be easily translated to pediatric patients. Furthermore, a small heterogeneous pediatric patient population hinders a systematic assessment of long-term benefit from CRT. In the normal heart, ventricular electrical activation spreads through the His-Purkinje system, which has unique rapid propagation properties and widespread distribution. This allows highly coordinated electrical activation between distant regions of both ventricles, resulting in highly synchronous mechanical contraction. Given the strong relationship between electrical excitation and mechanical contraction in the myocardium, it is not surprising that abnormal electrical activation results in abnormal mechanical contraction.7,8 During a spontaneous or pacing-induced bundle-branch block, ventricular activation spreads primarily cell to cell through the surrounding myocardium, which can be up to 4 times slower than the specialized His-Purkinje …
A synopsis of the South American taxa of Fabronia (Fabroniaceae)

The genusFabronia in South America is found to represent five taxa:F. ciliaris var.ciliaris, F. ciliaris var.wrightii,F. ciliaris var.polycarpa,F. macroblepharis andF. jamesonii. Synonymy, brief discussion, illustrations and a key are provided.Fabronia enervis Herz., hom. illeg., is the basis for the new genusMahua.
A tool for the analysis of manipulation

Abstract Insights into the geometric properties of classes of objects are useful for the design of algorithms operating on them. We present a geometrical tool for the analysis of planar dexterous manipulation protocols by finger tracking. We describe the finger tracking paradigm for dexterous rotations and prove that any arbitrary rotation can be achieved this way. We also show a method for analyzing the stability of such protocols.
606 ETIOLOGY OF THE HYPERSECRETINEMIA IN THE NEWBORN ANIMAL

A state of hypersecretinemia has been established in the human neonate, as well as the newborn swine. The etiology of this phenomenon remains unknown. The mean fasting serum secretin levels in 16 newborn swine were found to be 298.0 pg/ml (SD±18.8), significantly higher than those in the adult animal. Intraduodenal infusion of 0.1N HCl produced dramatic elevations of the serum secretin levels to 2090.5 pg/ml (SD±1360.4), whereas intraduodenal infusions of sugar and normal saline failed to produce statistically significant changes. Acetic acid extract of duodenal mucosa revealed secretin concentration of 1.82 gm/gm wet tissue weight, comparable to adult values, and ruling out increased tissue content as the etiology of hypersecretinemia. Only a single molecular species of tissue secretin, identical to that found in adult animals could be identified. The mean disappearance half-life of exogenously administered secretin determined in five newborn swine, was found to be 3.6 minutes, significantly prolonged when compared to values in adult swine. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that fasting and acid stimulated serum secretin levels are higher in the newborn than in the adult swine and that delayed secretin degradation can be implicated as a factor in the etiology. Whether a prolonged secretin half-life and not increased production is also responsible for the hypersecretinemia in the human neonate, requires further investigation.
Genetic differentiation between cave and surface-dwelling populations of Garra barreimiae (Cyprinidae) in Oman.

Phenotypic similarities among cave-dwelling animals displaying troglomorphic characters (e.g. reduced eyes and lack of pigmentation) have induced a long-term discussion about the forces driving convergent evolution. Here we introduce Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956, as an interesting system to study the evolution of troglomorphic characters. The only hitherto known troglomorphic population of this species lives in Al Hoota Cave (Sultanate of Oman) close to a surface population. As a first approach, we assessed the genetic differentiation between the two morphotypes of G. barreimiae to determine whether gene flow still occurs. We analysed the mitochondrial control region (CR). In G. barreimiae the CR starts immediately downstream of the tRNA-Thr gene, while the tRNA-Pro gene is missing at this genomic location. Interestingly, a putative tRNA-Pro sequence is found within the CR. The phylogenetic analyses of the CR sequences yielded a tree divided into three clades: Clade 1 has a high genetic distance to the other clades and contains the individuals of three populations which are separated by a watershed from all the others. Clade 2 comprises the individuals from Wadi Bani Khalid, the geographically most remote population. Clade 3 comprises all other populations investigated including that of Al Hoota Cave. The latter forms a haplogroup which also includes individuals from the adjacent surface population. Our data indicates that the troglomorphic cave population is of quite recent origin supporting the hypothesis that selection drives the fast evolution of troglomorphic traits. In this context pleiotropic effects might play an important role as it has been shown for Astyanax. There seems to be some gene flow from the cave population into the adjacent surface populations. One blind individual, found at a surface locality geographically distinct from Al Hoota Cave, is genetically differentiated from the other blind specimens indicating the probable existence of another cave population of G. barreimiae. The phylogeographic analyses show that while some of the surface populations are either still in contact or have been until recently, the population Wadi Bani Khalid is genetically separated. One group consisting of three populations is genetically highly differentiated questioning the conspecifity with G. barreimiae.
Structural superplastic creep and linear viscosity in the earth's mantle

Abstract The rheology of dry polycrystalline olivine is examined by adopting a hyperbolic sine flow law (which reduces to a power law below 3 kbars) for high stress behavior, and a model for diffusion accommodated, coherent, grain boundary sliding (structural superplastic creep) for low stress behavior. The model for superplastic creep gives a linear relation between stress and strain rate and is consistent with the behavior of polycrystalline olivine during ductile faulting experiments (Post, 1973). For any given stable grain size, linear superplastic creep is promoted by relatively low stress and temperature. For a 1 -cm grain size and a homologous temperature between 0.6 and 0.8, superplastic creep dominates below transition stresses between 402 and 25 bars, respectively. Transition stresses are higher for smaller grain size and lower temperature. If grain size is stress dependent, superplastic creep is non-linear and dominates above a stress of 300 bars. Below that stress, relatively lower temperatures promote superplastic creep. Grain size may be stabilized by either physical or kinetic inhibition of grain growth, thereby allowing linear superplastic creep in the mantle. Results suggest that superplastic creep can dominate in most of the upper mantle except possibly for the asthenosphere where homologous temperatures are maximal and hyperbolic sine law creep can dominate. Mantle diapirism is at least in part accomplished by superplastic flow above and along the margins of the rising diapir.
Determining Protein−Protein Interactions by Oxidative Cross-Linking of a Glycine-Glycine-Histidine Fusion Protein†

The Ni(II) complex of the tripeptide NH2-glycine-glycine-histidine-COOH (GGH) mediates efficient protein−protein cross-linking in the presence of oxidants such as oxone and monoperoxyphthalic acid (MMPP). Here we demonstrate that GGH fused to the amino terminus of a protein can still support cross-linking. The tripeptide was expressed at the amino terminus of ecotin, a dimeric macromolecular serine protease inhibitor found in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. In the presence of Ni(OAc)2 and MMPP, GGH−ecotin is cross-linked to give a species that has an apparent molecular mass of a GGH−ecotin dimer with no observable protein degradation. The cross-linking reaction occurs between two ecotin proteins in a dimer complex. Furthermore, GGH−ecotin can be cross-linked to a serine protease target, trypsin, and the reaction is specific for proteins that interact with ecotin. The cross-linking reaction has been carried out on small peptides, and the reaction products have been analyzed by matrix-assisted laser deso...
What Does Self-Diffusion Tell Us about Ultra Shallow Junctions?

Understand ing the coupling between native point defects and dopants at high concentrations in silicon will be key to ultra shallow junction formation in silicon technology. Other effects, such as transient enhanced diffusion (TED) will become less important. In this paper, we first describe how thermodynamic properties of the two native point defects in silicon, namely vacancies and self-interstitials, have been obtained by studying self-diffusion in isotopically enriched structures. We then discuss what this tells us about dopant diffusion. In particular, we show that the diffusion of high concentration shallow dopant profiles is determined by the competition between the flux of mobile dopants and those of the native point defects. These fluxes are proportional to the interstitial or vacancy components of dopant and self-diffusion, respectively. This is why understand ing the microscopic mechanisms of silicon self-diffusion is important in predicting and modeling the diffusion of ultra shallow dopant profiles. As an example, we show experimental data and simulation fits of how these coupling effects play a role in the annealing of shallow BF2 ion implantation profiles. We conclude that relatively low temperature furnace cycles following high temperature rapid thermal anneals (RTA) have a significant effect on the minimum junction depth that can be achieved.
A Review of Weight Control Strategies and Their Effects on the Regulation of Hormonal Balance

The estimated prevalence of obesity in the USA is 72.5 million adults with costs attributed to obesity more than 147 billion dollars per year. Though caloric restriction has been used extensively in weight control studies, short-term success has been difficult to achieve, with long-term success of weight control being even more elusive. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to control the rates of obesity that are occurring globally. The purpose of this paper is to provide a synopsis of how exercise, sleep, psychological stress, and meal frequency and composition affect levels of ghrelin, cortisol, insulin GLP-1, and leptin and weight control. We will provide information regarding how hormones respond to various lifestyle factors which may affect appetite control, hunger, satiety, and weight control.
Identification of cardiometabolic risk among collegiate football players.

N In this Division I football team, metabolic syndrome was found in 19% of players overall, 46% of the linemen, and 14% of the nonlinemen. The cardiometabolic risk in the African American players was almost certainly underestimated. N For identifying obesity-related health risk, waist circumference was a better discriminator than either body fat percentage or body mass index. N A quadriceps peak torque/body mass ratio of less than 2.93 (peak torque/body weight less than 0.98) was the optimal cut point for identifying players with metabolic syndrome. N Our clinical prediction rule identified 92% of players with metabolic syndrome on the basis of waist circumference, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, quadriceps peak torque/body mass ratio, and white ethnicity.
Exploring Historical Location Data for Anonymity Preservation in Location-Based Services

We present a new approach for if-anonymity protection in Location-Based Services (LBSs). Specifically, we depersonalize location information by ensuring that each location reported for LBSs is a cloaking area that contains K different footprints-historical locations of different mobile nodes. Therefore, the exact identity and location of the service requestor remain anonymous from LBS service providers. Existing techniques, on the other hand, compute the cloaking area using current locations of K neighboring hosts of the service requestor. Because of this difference, our approach significantly reduces the cloaking area, which in turn decreases query processing and communication overhead for returning query results to the requesting host. In addition, existing techniques also require frequent location updates from all nodes, regardless of whether or not these nodes are requesting LBSs. Most importantly, our approach is the first practical solution that provides K-anonymity trajectory protection needed to ensure anonymity when a mobile host requests LBSs continuously as it moves. Our solution depersonalizes a user's trajectory (a time-series of the user's locations) based on the historical trajectories of other users. We evaluate our techniques under various conditions using location data synthetically generated based on real road maps. The results show that our techniques can provide K-anonymity trajectory protection using a minimized cloaking area.
Genetic control of programmed cell death during animal development

The elimination of unwanted cells by programmed cell death is a common feature of animal development. Genetic studies in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and the mouse have not only revealed the molecular machineries that cause the programmed demise of specific cells, but have also allowed us to get a glimpse of the types of pathways that regulate these machineries during development. Rather than serving as a broad overview of programmed cell death during development, this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of specific programmed cell death events during nematode, fly, and mouse development. Recent studies have revealed that many of the regulatory pathways involved play additional important roles in development, which confirms that the programmed cell death fate is an integral aspect of animal development.
Effect of a Clinical Pharmacist Program on the Cost of Hypertension Treatment in an HMO Family Practice Clinic

This study evaluated the impact of a clinical pharmacy service on the cost of antihypertensive drug therapy in an HMO family practice clinic. The service was provided to five family practice physicians. Pharmacists identified hypertensive patients prior to their regularly scheduled office visits from April through June 1986. Patient's medical records and computerized drug files were reviewed, and written recommendations for drug therapy changes were placed in patients' medical record by the pharmacists. When appropriate, pharmacists alerted prescribers to lower cost alternatives. A matched control group of physicians was selected. Hypertensive patients were identified retrospectively in the control group. We found that the cost of antihypertensive drug therapy was significantly higher for study physicians' patients when compared with control physicians' patients in the period prior to implementing the service. The difference between the two groups was not significant after six months. Clinical pharmacist ...
Vorticity concentration and the dynamics of unstable free shear layers

The detailed dynamics of an unstable free shear layer are examined for a gravitationally stable or neutral fluid. This first article focuses on the part of the evolution that precedes the first subharmonic interaction. This consists of the transformation of selectively amplified sinusoidal waves into periodically spaced regions of vorticity concentration (the cores) joined by thin layers (the braids), in which vorticity is also concentrated. The thin layers are the channels along which vorticity is advected into the cores, and the cores provide the strain which creates the braids. For moderately long waves an analysis is given of the braid structure as a function of time. For gravitationally stable shear layers at high Reynolds numbers, the local vorticity reaches such large values as to cause secondary shear instability on a small (length) and short (time) scale. A physical account of the primary instability and its self-limiting mechanism is used as a basis for a computation, which yields growth rates and maximum amplitude as a function of initial layer parameters. The computation supplies the wavelength of waves that grow to achieve the largest (absolute) amplitude. Finally, the model makes it clear that, in the absence of secondary instability, this initial phase of the nonlinear development of the layer contributes only a modicum of additional mixing, especially at high Reynolds numbers.
Organization‐Led Migration, Individual Choice, and Refugee Resettlement in The U.S.: Seeking Regularities

The role of organizations in migration has received less attention than warranted; individual choice has typically been emphasized. As an in‐depth illustration, we consider refugee resettlement in ...
Physiological Heterogeneity: Fractals Link Determinism and Randomness in Structures and Functions

ABSTRACT Spatial variation in concentrations or flows within an organ and temproal variation in reaction rates or flows appear to broaden as one refines the scale of observation. How can we charact...
Cyclic enediol phosphoranes obtained from the reaction of trimethyl phosphite with biacetyl and hexafluorobiacetyl give strikingly different acylation products

Abstract Cyclic enediol phosphoranes (2,2,2-trimethoxy-2,2-dihydro-l,3, 2-dioxaphospholenes), prepared from α-diketones, RCOCOR, and trimethyl phosphite (TMP), give strikingly different acylation products depending on the electronic properties of the groups, R, that occupy the 4,5-positions in the dioxaphospholene ring with pentacovalent phosphorus. Reaction of acetyl chloride or bromide with the hexafluorobiacetyl-TMP phosphorane gives exclusively the product of endo cyclic O-acylation, dimethyl(2-acetoxy- cis -1,2, - bis trifluoromethylvinyl) phosphate. Acylation of the biacetyl-TMP phosphorane gives mixtures of the product of exo cyclic O-acylation (a cyclic enediol phosphate) and the product of C-acylation (an α-hydroxy-β-diketone phosphate), the proportions depending on the structure of the acyl halide and the solvent. The parent 1,3,2-dioxaphospholene, i.e., the glyoxal-TMP phosphorane where R = H, gives exclusively the product of endo cyclic O-acylation with both acyl halides in all solvents.
Formal analysis of the alternating bit protocol by temporal Petri nets

Temporal Petri nets are Petri nets in which certain restrictions on the firings of transitions are represented by formulas containing temporal operators. The use of temporal Petri nets for formal specification and verification of the alternating bit protocol is discussed. The temporal Petri net which models the protocol is analyzed formally using the existing theory of omega -regular expressions and Buchi-automata. >
The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage effluents through the use of algal culture

Sumnaury. This study is designed to establish fundamental data which will permit the eventual application of algal culture to the removal of nutrients from sewage plant effluents. A test cell is described which gives reproducible data when environmental parameters are varied. The effect of changes in temperature, light intensity and culture density as reflected in the growth rate, are shown, and the influence of these parameters on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus under the test conditions indicated. The importance of an adequate carbon source and proper pH control is demonstrated. The organisms used were Scenedewnus and Chlorella in mixed or unialgal cultures. Sewage plant effluents, even with an optimum combination of unit treatment processes, normally contain fragments of the original waste components. With population densities increasing rapidly and with the subsequent re-use of water, a stream may in time contain rather high concentrations of nutrients which in turn will stimulate intense algal growths where environmental conditions permit. It would seem logical that if algal blooming is a result of nutrient discharge, this phase of biological assimilation could possibly be added as a tertiary stage of sewage treatment and kept within the confines of the sewage treatment plant. The objective of such a process would be to absorb the soluble nutrients by means of an actively metabolizing algal culture and then to * Presented before the 136th National Meeting of the American Chemical t This research has been supported by a National Institute of Health Research
Infra-red Stellar Spectroscopy with a Mica-window Tube

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on infra-red spectroscopy of cool stars with special attention to the instrumentation being used. A detailed discussion of the astronomical results of the studies mentioned appears where such results are more appropriate. The Carnegie Image Tube Committee began its infra-red investigations using small electrostatically focused tubes having thin mica windows with internal phosphor screens. These tubes had certain severe limitations when applied to spectroscopy, but the major problem was the limitation of the region of good focus due to the curved cathode and bowed mica window. The tube used is a 3 in. diameter cylinder 3 in. long whose actual cathode-to-mica distance is 2 in. The cathode is cooled to dry ice temperatures by a cold box, and both tube and cold box are carried within a 4.5-in. cylinder. Finally, one looks forwarded to the new discoveries, such as, spectral lines from previously un-observed elements or molecules that always follow the opening of new fields. A typical mica window using converter spectrogram is shown in this chapter.
The Human Leukocyte Photoreactivating Enzyme

A photoreactivating enzyme from human leukocytes has been isolated and characterized. The enzyme requires DNA irradiated with ultraviolet light (220–300 nm) as substrate, and visible light (300–600 nm) for catalysis. In the reaction, the enzyme converts cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers in the DNA to monomer pyrimidines.
Modeling in control of the Advanced Light Source

A software system for control of accelerator physics parameters of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) is being designed and implemented at LBL (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory). Some of the parameters the authors wish to control are tunes, chromaticities, closed-orbit distortions and linear lattice distortions, and, possibly, amplitude- and momentum-dependent tune shifts. In all the applications, the goal is to allow the user to adjust physics parameters of the machine, instead of turning knobs that control magnets directly. This control will take place via a highly graphical user interface, with both a model appropriate to the application and any correction algorithm running alongside as separate processes. >
The Effect of a Magnesium Deficient Diet and Cortisone on the Growth of the Rat Incisor

Incisors of Mg-deficient rats showed a marked inhibition of eruption and a decrease in mitoses of apical tissues. Cortisone administration resulted in some increase in eruption rate and cell division though these remained below the values of Mg-supplemented controls. An improvement in gross condition and a less severe histopathology of incisor tissues were also observed in cortisone-treated rats.
Adenovirus Sequesters Phosphorylated STAT1 at Viral Replication Centers and Inhibits STAT Dephosphorylation

Tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 indicate activation of interferon (IFN) signal transduction pathways. Here, we demonstrate that tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 is targeted by a unique mechanism in adenovirus (Ad)-infected cells. Ad is known to suppress IFN-inducible gene expression; however, we observed that Ad infection prolongs the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 induced by alpha IFN in infected cells. To understand this paradoxical effect, we examined the subcellular localization of STAT1 following Ad infection and found that nuclear, tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 accumulates at viral replication centers. This form of STAT1 colocalized with newly synthesized viral DNA. Viral DNA replication, but not viral late gene expression, is required for the regulation of STAT1 phosphorylation. Our results indicate that Ad infection regulates STAT1 dephosphorylation rather than STAT1 phosphorylation. Consistent with this idea, we show that Ad infection disrupts the interaction between STAT1 and its cognate protein tyrosine phosphatase, TC45. Our findings indicate that Ad sequesters phosphorylated STAT1 at viral replication centers and inhibits STAT dephosphorylation. This report suggests a strategy employed by Ad to counteract an active form of STAT1 in the nucleus of infected cells.
Hot and cold phonons induced by electric field and resonant Raman scattering in GaN/AlN triangular quantum well

We have evidenced hot and cold longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons induced by electric field and resonant Raman scattering in GaN/AlN triangular quantum well, probed by first-order and second-order resonant Raman scattering of 3-ps light pulses.
Insula and orbital frontal cortex activity underlying emotion interference resolution in working memory

Previous research has shown that emotional information aids conflict resolution in working memory [WM; Levens, S. M., & Phelps, E. A. Emotion processing effects on interference resolution in working memory. Journal of Emotion,8, 267-280, 2008]. Using a recency-probes WM paradigm, it was found that positive and negative emotional stimuli reduced the amount of interference created when information that was once relevant conflicted with currently relevant information. To explore the neural mechanisms behind these facilitation effects, an event-related fMRI version of the recency-probes task was conducted using neutral and arousing positive and negative words as stimuli. Results replicate previous findings showing that the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the interference resolution of neutral information and reveal that the IFG is involved in the interference resolution of emotional information as well. In addition, ROIs in the right and left anterior insula and in the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) were identified that appear to underlie emotional interference resolution in WM. We conclude that the IFG underlies neutral and emotional interference resolution, and that additional regions of the anterior insula and OFC may contribute to the facilitation of interference resolution for emotional information. These findings clarify the role of the insula and OFC in affective and executive processing, specifically in WM conflict resolution.
A Simple Method to Control Positive Baseline Trend Within Data Nonoverlap

Nonoverlap is widely used as a statistical summary of data; however, these analyses rarely correct unwanted positive baseline trend. This article presents and validates the graph rotation for overlap and trend (GROT) technique, a hand calculation method for controlling positive baseline trend within an analysis of data nonoverlap. GROT is validated for controlling positive baseline trend and validated socially by visual analysis agreement. The flexibility and generality of GROT is demonstrated by using it with two alternative slope calculations: White and Haring’s bi-split and Tukey’s tri-split. In addition, GROT is presented as a technique that can be adapted for any non-overlap effect size method; examples here include the original percent of nonoverlapping data and newer nonoverlap of all pairs. examples here include the original percent of nonoverlapping data and newer nonoverlap of all pairs. Caution is urged to control baseline trend only when it is pronounced and reliable. GROT moves the field forw...
Integrating Prosodics into a Language Model for Spoken Language Understanding of Thai

This paper describes a preliminary work on prosody modeling aspect of a spoken language understanding system for Thai. Specifically, the model is designed to integrate prosodics into a language model based on constraint dependency grammar. There are two steps involved, namely the prosodic annotation process and the prosodic disambiguation process. The annotation process uses prosodic information (stress, pause and syllable duration) obtained from the speech signal during low-level acoustic processing to encode each word in the parse graph with a prosodic feature called strength dynamic. The goal of the annotation process is to capture the correspondence between the phonological and phonetic attributes of the prosodic structure of utterances and their intended meanings. The prosodic disambiguation process involves the propagation of prosodic constraints designed to eliminate syntactic ambiguities of the input utterance. It is considered a pruning mechanism for the parser by using prosodic information. The aforementioned process has been tested on a set of ambiguous sentences, which represents various structural ambiguities involving five types of compounds in Thai.
Breaking the “Harness of Household Slavery”: Domestic Workers, the Women's Division of the St. Louis Urban League, and the Politics of Labor Reform during the Great Depression

Largely denied membership in organized labor and access to basic labor protections, black domestic workers of St. Louis employed the local chapter of the Urban League's Women's Division to carve out a space for themselves in a growing, predominantly white, male labor movement and in the multiple coalitions that configured the New Deal. Domestics used household employment reform codes to lay the groundwork for dignity to manifest itself in their labor and contractual agreements. From the Household Workers Mass Meeting of 1933 to the close of the St. Louis Urban League's first phase in the late 1940s, black working-class women joined forces with progressive black women who led the Urban League's Women's Division to reform domestic employment through negotiation, enforcement, collective action, and everyday resistance. A border city with a large and settled black working class located within its core, St. Louis had acute class, gender, and racial divisions that shaped the terms of black women's economic activism. The Gateway City's mix of urban Midwestern-, northern-, and southern-style geopolitics propelled domestics’ mobilization, offering space for dissident women to call for changes to the social, political, and economic order.
Prophylactic Efficacy and Bone Toxicity Associated with Phosphonoformate Therapy against Retrovirus Infection

Phosphonoformate (PFA) is a simple pyrophosphate analogue which is a topical and parenteral treatment for human herpes virus infections and is currently undergoing evaluation for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cytomegalovirus infections associated with (AIDS). In this study, antiretroviral activity of PFA was demonstrated by two separate treatment regimens. In the first, an inoculum of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in plasma from viraemic cats was treated with 1024 μM PFA prior to intravenous inoculation into susceptible animals. Three of four cats given the PFA treated inoculum were protected from viraemia by the PFA treatment, while 2 of 2 challenge controls receiving sham treated inoculum and 6 of 6 untreated challenge controls became viraemic. In the second regimen, a long-term continuous intravenous infusion of PFA (1000 mg kg−1 day−1) was administered to 6 young cats beginning 1–2 days prior to and extending 4 weeks following intravenous inoculation with FeLV. Five of the six PF...
Prediction of VO2max in Children and Adolescents Using Exercise Testing and Physical Activity Questionnaire Data

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a treadmill walk-jog-run exercise test previously validated in adults and physical activity questionnaire data to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in boys (n = 62) and girls (n = 66) aged 12 to 17 years old. Methods: Data were collected from Physical Activity Rating (PA-R) and Perceived Functional Ability (PFA) questionnaires, a walk-jog-run submaximal treadmill exercise test, and a maximal graded exercise test. Results: Regression analysis resulted in the development of 2 models to predict VO2max. Submaximal exercise test data were used to build the following model (R2 = .73; SEE = 4.59 mL + kg− 1 + min− 1): VO2max (mL + kg− 1 + min− 1) = 26.890+(5.877 × Gender; 0 = female; 1 = male) − (0.782 × Body Mass Index [BMI])+(0.438 × PFA Score) +(2.712 × Treadmill Speed; mph) +(0.746 × Age) +(0.449 × PA-R Score). Maximal exercise test data were used to build the following model (R2 = .83; SEE = 3.63 mL + kg− 1 + min− 1): VO2max (mL + kg−...
A Comment on Jongchul Kim's “Modern Politics as a Trust Scheme and Its Relevance to Modern Banking”

1 It is commonly acknowledged that what is now known as the trust in the US was inspired by England’s adoption of the Statute of Uses in 1535. 2 Once the trust is created, the settlor ceases to have any property rights or control in his/her capacity as a settlor. However, prior to creating the trust, it is the settlor’s right to specify precisely what property enters the trust. It is the settlor’s right to specify the details of precisely how the property held in trust will be divided, as well as to make certain situational details.
Stranski-Krastanov Growth of Ni on Si(111) at Room Temperature

We introduce quantitative Auger lineshape analysis methods to study the room temperature reaction of nickel on Si(111). We show that coexisting phases may be separated by numerically fitting the composite lineshapes using a linear combination of single phase “fingerprint” spectra, obtained by scraping bulk compounds in situ. The reaction proceeds in three stages. For nickel coverage below 1 A, the growth is layerwise, forming NiSi2. For nickel coverage from 3 to 12 A, islands of Ni2Si are formed. For nickel coverage above 12 A, islands of pure nickel are formed. The overlayer reactions appear to be a kinetically limited form of Stranski-Krastanov growth, with multiple compound formation.
The Relation Between Calculated Value of Coil Longitudinal Magnetization and Length-Diameter Ratio of Component

Aiming at the problem that the length-diameter(L/D) ratio has a greater effect on coil longitudinal magnetization in the magnetic particle testing,the formula specified in the magnetic particle testing standard was calculated with different L/D value,the statistical result showed that,while the L/D value was in the range of 2~15,the calculated result was effective. On the other hand,while the value was less than 2,it was essential to use the extending blocks of same or similar material to connect the terminal of component to make the L/D value being greater than 2,and only of ter that could it be magnetized.
Fourier analysis of intersegmental coordination during fictive swimming in the lamprey

The control of rhythmic behavior by the nervous system is a subject of common interest to neuroscientists, clinicians, and engineers. One of the primary models of the neurobiology of rhythmic movement is the system of spinal neurons responsible for locomotion in the lamprey, a primitive fish. The lamprey swims by generating lateral undulatory waves of muscle contraction along the body. Smooth and efficient progression of the bending wave from one part of the body to the next requires precise coordination of the segment-to-segment phase delay in neural activity in the spinal cord. In addition, the lamprey maintains approximately one wavelength of curvature on its body at all times when swimming, independent of its swimming speed. Thus, the intersegmental phase lag must be maintained at a constant value of about 1% of the full wave between each neighboring pair of segments in the 100-segment animal.