cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inferential ecosystem models, from network data to prediction

Recent developments suggest that predictive modeling could begin to play a larger role not only for data analysis, but also for data collection. We address the example of efficient wireless sensor networks, where inferential ecosystem models can be used to weigh the value of an observation against the cost of data collection. Transmission costs make observations ''expensive''; networks will typically be deployed in remote locations without access to infrastructure (e.g., power). The capacity to sample intensively makes sensor networks valuable, but high-frequency data are informative only at specific times and locations. Sampling intervals will range from meters and seconds to landscapes and years, depending on the process, the current states of the system, the uncertainty about those states, and the perceived potential for rapid change. Given that intensive sampling is sometimes critical, but more often wasteful, how do we develop tools to control the measurement and transmission processes? We address the potential of data collection controlled and/or supplemented by inferential ecosystem models. In a given model, the value of an observation can be evaluated in terms of its contribution to estimates of state variables and important parameters. There will be more than one model applied to network data that will include as state variables water, carbon, energy balance, biogeochemistry, tree ecophysiology, and forest demographic processes. The value of an observation will depend on the application. Inference is needed to weigh the contributions against transmission cost. Network control must be dynamic and driven by models capable of learning about both the environment and the network. We discuss application of Bayesian inference to model data from a developing sensor network as a basis for controlling the measurement and transmission processes. Our examples involve soil moisture and sap flux, but we discuss broader application of the approach, including its implications for network design.
MCMC-based particle filtering for tracking a variable number of interacting targets

We describe a particle filter that effectively deals with interacting targets, targets that are influenced by the proximity and/or behavior of other targets. The particle filter includes a Markov random field (MRF) motion prior that helps maintain the identity of targets throughout an interaction, significantly reducing tracker failures. We show that this MRF prior can be easily implemented by including an additional interaction factor in the importance weights of the particle filter. However, the computational requirements of the resulting multitarget filter render it unusable for large numbers of targets. Consequently, we replace the traditional importance sampling step in the particle filter with a novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling step to obtain a more efficient MCMC-based multitarget filter. We also show how to extend this MCMC-based filter to address a variable number of interacting targets. Finally, we present both qualitative and quantitative experimental results, demonstrating that the resulting particle filters deal efficiently and effectively with complicated target interactions.
Characteristics of the System of Production of History-of-Psychology Literature, 1975–1986

Abstract We used Psychological Abstracts to identify a large international sample of history-of-psychology literature that was published from 1975 through 1986. Information was obtained on such producer characteristics as: The language in which each publication was written; the country (or American state) from which it originated; and authorship gender and number. Differences in productivity were examined as a function of these variables and their combinations; comparisons were made with a random sample of psychological literature and with previously published findings regarding publication in psychology. Conclusions were drawn regarding the history of psychology considered as a literature-producing enterprise. Nous avons choisi la revue Psychological Abstracts pour comparer les nombreux echantillons internationaux sur l'histoire de la psychologie entre 1975 et 1986. L'infomation recueillie a ete basee sur les faits suivants: La langue dans laquelle l'article a ete ecrit; le pays (ou la province americain...
Ketorolac Prescribing Practices in an Acute Care Hospital and the Incidence of Acute Renal Failure

Background: Ketorolac has been documented to cause acute kidney injury (AKI) but current data suggest that it is safe for those who have low risk for renal dysfunction. In our facility, there have been cases of AKI in those treated with K etorolac but the incidence is not known. This study describes the prescribing habits of K etorolac in our facility and determines the incidence of AKI while on this therapy. Methods: Electronic medical records of patients who received K etorolac were reviewed during the last 3 months of 2012. AKI was defined as an increase of serum creatinine of 0.3 mg/dL or greater and a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to less than 60 mL/min ute . Results: A total of 633 patient charts were reviewed and 341 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 45.7 years. Sixty-five percent of the patients were females and 35% were males. The most common diagnosis for prescribing Ketorolac was osteoarthrosis. Thirty milligram IV every 6 hours is the conventional prescribed dose. Of the patients 6.4% developed AKI during treatment with Ketorolac, 68% of those with AKI were 65 or older, 68% had hypertension, 41% were diabetic, 40% were concomitantly receiving either an angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor (ACE-I) or an angiotensin receptor blocker ( ARB), 40% were also being given diuretics, 72% received Ketorolac during the time of AKI and 3.8% of all patients who received Ketorolac developed hyperkalemia while on treatment. Conclusions: AKI occurs more commonly than previously anticipated in Ketorolac treated patients even at average doses and short durations. Hypertension and diabetes are the two most common comorbidities in patients who developed AKI. Those who are greater than 65 years old may be at higher risk. Concomitant use of drugs that affect renal function, such as ACE-I, ARBs and diuretics, may increase the risk of AKI. Ketorolac prescribing in the acute care hospital should consider individual comorbidities, and use of other drugs that can increase kidney failure risk. Awareness of current renal function through diligent review of daily labs may help prevent administration of Ketorolac in those with impaired renal function. Medication alerts that notifying the ordering physician of the eGFR may help prevent inadvertent prescription in those with AKI or chronic kidney disease . World J Nephrol Urol. 2014;3(3):113-117 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/wjnu169w
Preliminary report: An application of the Good Behavior Game in the developing nation of Belize

Educating children on a global level is a dynamic process where policy, procedure and guideline changes can leave teachers searching for new programs to resolve new challenges. This brief report shows a successful application of the Good Behavior Game in a school in the country of Belize following a significant change in policy regarding acceptable practices in addressing school-based behavioral challenges.
Iodine inhibits antiadhesive effect of PEG: Implications for tissue engineering†

Background: The success of a biomaterial implant may be affected by the surface chemistry's impact on protein adsorption. We have developed a series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) containing, tyrosine-derived polycarbonates, which have been rendered radio-opaque by the iodination of tyrosine units in the copolymer backbone for use in resorbable biomedical implants including vascular stents and grafts. We tested the hypothesis that protein adsorption along with seeding, growth, and migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) and human aortic endothelial cells (EC) will be modified by the presence of iodine and PEG within the polymer composition. Methods: Thin films of these polymers were prepared for the protein-material and cell-material interaction studies. Dot blot, SDS-PAGE, and XPS were used to evaluate relative protein adsorption. Cell adhesion and growth studies were performed using an MTS assay. Cell migration was evaluated using an injury model. Results: The presence of PEG attenuated protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and growth. With the subsequent incorporation of iodine, protein adsorption markedly increased while the antiadhesive effect of PEG was counteracted by iodine for EC and SMC adhesion and SMC growth. Conclusion: Iodine incorporation into the polymer resulted in increased protein adsorption thus counteracting the effect of PEG. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Delineating mechanisms of change in child and adolescent therapy: methodological issues and research recommendations.

Background: Mechanisms of therapeutic change are rarely studied in child and adolescent therapy. Our central thesis is that the study of mechanisms of treatment is an excellent investment for improving clinical practice and patient care. Indeed, extending treatment trials to clinical settings, without complementary research that studies why and how treatment works, could have great limitations. Method: In this article, we discuss the importance of studying mechanisms, the logical and methodological requirements, and why almost no studies to date provide evidence for why or how treatment works. Standard statistical practices (tests of mediation) and designs (randomized controlled clinical trials) contribute greatly to outcome research but have little to say about mechanisms given the way they are commonly used. Conclusions: The article ends with recommendations to guide research on mechanisms of therapeutic change. Keywords: Child and adolescent therapy, mechanisms of therapeutic change, child treatment.
Multiple Facets of Philosophy and Engineering

Is there a philosophy of engineering (singular)? My answer is no, though I don’t intend that to discourage anyone who would want to produce one. I use the metaphor of a diamond with many facets to bolster my negative answer, but also to suggest the complexity if anyone were to do so. And this is not just my opinion. I base my view on a variety of discussions of engineering in the literature of the Society for Philosophy and Technology. And, following the guidelines of engineer Billy Vaughn Koen, I mark the time period as 1975–2005, from the beginning of the society until the SPT conference in Delft in 2005. The diamond metaphor seems useful to me, to suggest looking at the phenomenon of engineering both from the inside – the inner crystalline structure, so to speak – and from the outside of external criticism. Among inner facets, I look at engineering as a guild, with its own self-selected guidelines, professional associations, educational system, and place within the larger society in which it thrives. I hope that what I say reflects changes in the world of engineering, outside philosophical circles, in the same time period, not only in my home country of the USA but in the Netherlands, Germany, Great Britain, Spain (and indirectly in other countries, including Poland, Russia, China and Japan, among others), with which SPT has had contacts. But my primary focus is on what philosophers (and a few engineers) have said in publications associated with SPT.
Immunobiology of face transplantation.

Fourteen face transplants have been performed worldwide since the procedure was successfully introduced in 2005. Vascular- ized composite tissue allotransplantation may now be considered a viable option for the repair of complex craniofacial defects, for which the results of autologus reconstruction remain suboptimal. However, the benefits must be balanced against the risks inherent in major surgery and the adverse effects of lifelong immunosuppression. In this article, we review the current practice and areas of controversy in facial vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation with par- ticular respect to the unique immunobiology of this procedure. We also describe promising recent advances in immunotherapy and tol- erance induction strategies that may soon reach clinical application.
Reduced annexin A6 expression promotes the degradation of activated epidermal growth factor receptor and sensitizes invasive breast cancer cells to EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors

The expression of annexin A6 (AnxA6) in AnxA6-deficient non-invasive tumor cells has been shown to terminate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and downstream signaling. However, as a scaffolding protein, AnxA6 may stabilize activated cell-surface receptors to promote cellular processes such as tumor cell motility and invasiveness. In this study, we investigated the contribution of AnxA6 in the activity of EGFR in invasive breast cancer cells and examined whether the expression status of AnxA6 influences the response of these cells to EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and/or patient survival. We demonstrate that in invasive BT-549 breast cancer cells AnxA6 expression is required for sustained membrane localization of activated (phosho-Y1068) EGFR and consequently, persistent activation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 and phosphoinositide 3- kinase/Akt pathways. Depletion of AnxA6 in these cells was accompanied by rapid degradation of activated EGFR, attenuated downstream signaling and as expected enhanced anchorage-independent growth. Besides inhibition of cell motility and invasiveness, AnxA6-depleted cells were also more sensitive to the EGFR-targeted TKIs lapatinib and PD153035. We also provide evidence suggesting that reduced AnxA6 expression is associated with a better relapse-free survival but poorer distant metastasis-free and overall survival of basal-like breast cancer patients. Together this demonstrates that the rapid degradation of activated EGFR in AnxA6-depleted invasive tumor cells underlies their sensitivity to EGFR-targeted TKIs and reduced motility. These data also suggest that AnxA6 expression status may be useful for the prediction of the survival and likelihood of basal-like breast cancer patients to respond to EGFR-targeted therapies.
Reflex control of sympathetic outflow and depressed baroreflex sensitivity following myocardial infarction

Reflex control of heart rate is frequently impaired following myocardial infarction. This is referred to as depressed baroreflex sensitivity. The aim of these experiments was to assess the function of other autonomic reflexes in dogs with depressed baroreflex sensitivity. Comparisons were made to dogs in whom baroreflex sensitivity was preserved or unchanged after myocardial infarction. Under chloralose-barbiturate anesthesia, reflex control of sympathetic outflow by the sinoaortic baroreceptors was determined by measurement of changes in systolic arterial pressure and efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity during infusion of phenylephrine. Following sinoaortic denervation, reflex control of sympathetic outflow by cardiac receptors with vagal afferent fibers was determined by measurement of changes in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and renal nerve activity during blood volume expansion. Reflex decreases in renal nerve activity in response to increases in arterial pressure were similar in the two groups of dogs. In contrast, elevation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure elicited significantly greater reflex decreases in renal nerve activity in dogs with depressed baroreflex sensitivity following myocardial infarction compared to dogs with preserved baroreflex sensitivity. Hemodynamic parameters and infarct sizes were similar in each group. In conclusion, activation of cardiac receptors with vagal afferent fibers elicited greater reflex inhibition of sympathetic outflow in dogs with depressed baroreflex sensitivity following myocardial infarction. These data suggest that these receptors are "sensitized". These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that depressed reflex control of heart rate following myocardial infarction is related to augmented afferent input from the left ventricle.
Electronically switched silicon Raman lasers

In this paper we report the proof-of-concept demonstration of electronic switching in a Raman laser by using a diode laser cavity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such demonstration. In contrast to traditional Raman lasers, this laser can be directly modulated to transmit data, and can be part of a silicon optoelectronic integrated circuit.
A Novel View of Hearing in Reverberation

In nature, sounds of interest arrive at the eardrums accompanied by echoes that reflect off of surfaces. This superposition can distort the cues by which we localize the source of a sound. Yet, we seem to have no difficulty turning precisely toward the source even in the presence of moderately intense echoes. The article by Devore and colleagues in this issue of Neuron suggests that the auditory system can perform this feat by being more responsive to the early portion of a sound which includes the earliest portions when the echoes have yet to arrive.
Flammability is a niche construction trait: canopy architecture affects fire intensity.

Abstract: By affecting local fire intensities or the probability of ignition, traits that influence plant flammability may indirectly control selection for fire‐related life‐history and physiological traits. The retention of dead branches in the canopy has been cited as contributing to plant flammability. No experiment, however, has demonstrated that differences in plant canopy architecture on the scale of observed variation in nature can affect local fire characteristics. I experimentally manipulated canopies of Adenostoma fasciculatum, a California shrub that naturally retains dead branches, to mimic degrees of self‐pruning in four small‐scale (4 \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewc...
Distance Education: A Reflective Action Research Project and Its Systemic Implications for Higher Education

This reflective action research study examines faculty experience with distance education. Distance education has become increasingly of interest in higher education and is seen by many as the opportunity for systemic change in higher education. This study is a reflective action research project which examined the author's experiences teaching a distance version of a basic instructional design course at the same time as teaching a residential version of that same course. The examination finds significant faculty issues that emerged during the experience and specifically found concerns with the distance education learner. In the end, the study finds that as a tool for systemic change of higher education, distance delivery will have to engage faculty with their concerns in more substantive ways than they have to date. In essence, this study asserts that the current demands on distance educators are not motivating for traditional faculty members because of increased time demands, lack of traditional rhythm, lack of personal contact with students, and less evident interest among distant students in the areas that faculty value.
Personalized end-of-life care: Associations between patient preferences and treatment intensity near death

6516 Background: Medical treatment at the end-of-life (EOL) should be responsive to patient values, but research shows it may instead reflect the regional supply of health services and/or physician...
Maximizing the Degree of Geometric Thickness-t Regular Graphs

In this paper, we show that there exist $$6t-1$$-regular graphs with thickness t, by constructing such an example graph. Since all graphs of thickness t must have at least one node with degree less than 6t, this construction is optimal. We also show, by construction, that there exist 5t-regular graphs with geometric thickness at most t. Our construction for the latter builds off of a relationship between geometric thickness and the Cartesian product of two graphs.
The Competitive Performance of U.S. Industrial Enterprises since the Second World War

This article begins with an overview of the changing context of U.S. industrial enterprise from the Second Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century to the end of the Second World War. It then examines the changes in the nature of competition, in the financial markets, and in corporate management that transformed the industrial environment in the postwar decades. Against that historical background, the essay describes in detail the results of an empirical study aimed at discovering how U.S. companies maintained, increased, or dissipated their organizational capabilities and how the market for corporate control affected that behavior.
686 Early Detection and Resection of Lung Cancer in Heart Transplant Recipients Yields Similar Survival to Recipients without Lung Cancer

Early Detection and Resection of Lung Cancer in Heart Transplant Recipients Yields Similar Survival to Recipients without Lung Cancer W.A. Teeter, C. Ayers, D. Rosenbaum, M. Drazner, M. Peltz, M. Wait, D. Meyer, M. DiMaio. Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX; Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX.
Parasitism of the Leaf Miner Liriomyza munda in the Winter Garden Area of Texas

A leaf miner attacking economic crops in the “winter garden area” of Texas was identified as Liriomyza munda Frick. It was found infesting 23 hosts. Twenty-one species of hymenopterous parasites belonging to 4 families were identified attacking the leaf miner. The parasites were differentiated as to when they kill the leaf miner and parasitism was recorded.
A novel cell-based assay to measure activity of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP2 protease

The encephalitic alphaviruses encode nsP2 protease (nsP2pro), which because of its vital role in virus replication, represents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. To facilitate the discovery of nsP2 inhibitors we have developed a novel assay for quantitative measurement of nsP2pro activity in a cell-based format. The assay is based on a substrate fusion protein consisting of eGFP and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) linked together by a small peptide containing a VEEV nsp2pro cleavage sequence. The expression of the substrate protein in cells along with recombinant nsP2pro results in cleavage of the substrate protein resulting in extracellular release of free Gluc. The Gluc activity in supernatants corresponds to intracellular nsP2pro-mediated substrate cleavage; thus, providing a simple and convenient way to quantify nsP2pro activity. Here, we demonstrate potential utility of the assay in identification of nsP2pro inhibitors, as well as in investigations related to molecular characterization of nsP2pro.
Role of astrocyte–synapse interactions in CNS disorders

Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the brain. Although astrocytes have traditionally been described as playing a supportive role for neurons, they have recently been recognized as active participants in the development and plasticity of dendritic spines and synapses. Astrocytes can eliminate dendritic spines, induce synapse formation, and regulate neurotransmission and plasticity. Dendritic spine and synapse impairments are features of many neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. In this review we will present evidence from multiple neurological disorders demonstrating that changes in astrocyte-synapse interaction contribute to the pathologies. Genomic analysis has connected altered astrocytic gene expression with synaptic deficits in a number of neurological disorders. Alterations in astrocyte-secreted factors have been implicated in the neuronal morphology and synaptic changes seen in neurodevelopmental disorders, while alteration in astrocytic glutamate uptake is a core feature of multiple neurodegenerative disorders. This evidence clearly demonstrates that maintaining astrocyte-synapse interaction is crucial for normal central nervous system functioning. Obtaining a better understanding of the role of astrocytes at synapses in health and disease will provide a new avenue for future therapeutic targeting.
Occupying Tahrir: Resistance, Violence, and Political Change

The next rhetorical cartography that Hayes performs turns its attention to another resistive space of subjectivity, Tahrir Square in January 2011 during the uprisings now commonly known as “the Arab Spring.” The chapter first maps substantial presidential discourses from both George W. Bush and Barack Obama, and argues these discourses function to sustain a binary distinction between “good” and “bad” Muslims within the terror wars. Hayes then discusses the concept of delinking as a way for resistive subjects to (re)generate their ability to move within the larger conjuncture of the terror wars. In turning specifically to the moment of resistance in Tahrir Square in January 2011, Hayes explores ways that discourses from the “hacktivists” of Anonymous, alongside rhetorics of early resistive leaders against Mubarak, demonstrate the revolutionary potential of the January 2011 moment in Tahrir for Muslim subjects living in the terror wars.
Site-targeting nanotherapeutics for micro vascular normalization

B capillaries (microvessels) play a critical role in tissue formation and function as they ensure proper nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues. Indeed, microvascular dysfunctions in the form of regression and chronic inflammation lead to severe pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases and chronic wounds. Conventional microvascular normalization strategies involve systemic administration of high doses of pharmacological or biological agents that often cause drug tolerance and/or undesirable side effects. To address these limitations, our lab is developing injectable site‐targeting nanoparticles that can selectively home to microvascular defect sites and locally deliver low doses of a drug to achieve effective microvascular normalization. The simultaneous increase in drug half‐life, control of the rate of drug release and reduction in toxic side effects achieved by this targeted nanotherapeutic approach makes it superior to conventional strategies. Specifically, these therapeutic nanoparticles achieve microvascular normalization by increasing the local production of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a gaseous molecule that promotes capillary formation and function and depletion in NO levels leads to various microvascular complications. To enhance NO production, the nanoparticles are loaded with a conventional clinically‐used NO‐enhancing vasodilatory drug that, we have recently shown, also exhibit novel anti‐inflammatory and vasculogenic properties. Finally, the site‐targeting capability is achieved by modifying the surface of drug‐loaded nanoparticles with an antibody for E‐selectin, a cell‐surface marker that is overexpressed at sites of microvascular defects. Identification of the unique microvascular normalization properties of a clinically‐approved drug and development of a nanotherapeutic approach for its targeted delivery to vascular defect sites may lead to superior clinical management of microvascular dysfunctions and the related pathological conditions. Kaustabh Ghosh, J Material Sci Eng 2013, 2:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.S1.010
Greater mobility through lower power

Mobile Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) place great emphasis on creating unique system designs to differentiate themselves in the mobile market. Intel Corporation's introduction of low-power, high-performance Intel® processors based on original 45 nm Intel Core™ microarchitecture, originally referred to by the codename Penryn, brings a new level of opportunity for differentiation into the mainstream segment without sacrificing performance. The Mobile Penryn family of processors offers mainstream performance at 25 watts (W) Thermal Design Power (TDP), 10 W less than previous generation processors. In this paper we discuss the fundamentals of system cooling capabilities in any given form factor and look at how power relates to the thinner, cooler, and quieter systems.
Evaluation of cracking performance for polymer-modified asphalt mixtures with high RAP content

Fourteen reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) mixtures designed with different combinations of RAP sources, contents (up to 40%) and mixture conditioning levels were evaluated to determine the maximum allowable amount of RAP material in surface courses without jeopardising pavement cracking performance. Extracted RAP binder was blended with virgin polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) binder at various RAP binder replacement ratios. All blends behaved effectively as PMA binder as they met the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) %recovery requirement, and in addition they had satisfactory binder fracture energy density values. RAP gradation was found to significantly affect the fracture properties of RAP mixtures as it controls the distribution of RAP binder and potentially the degree of blending between virgin and RAP binder. Increased RAP content resulted in stronger (i.e. higher tensile strength) but more brittle (i.e. lower failure strain and lower mixture fracture energy) mixtures. However, after long-term ove...
Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Quality Control Mechanisms in the Heart.

Purpose of Review Mitochondrial homeostasis and quality control are essential to maintenance of cardiac function and a disruption of this pathway can lead to deleterious cardiac consequences.
New CALL-SLA Research Interfaces for the 21st Century: Towards Equitable Multilingualism

The majority of the world is multilingual, but inequitably multilingual, and much of the world is also technologized, but inequitably so. Thus, researchers in the fields of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and second language acquisition (SLA) would profit from considering multilingualism and social justice when envisioning new CALL-SLA interfaces for the future. I first explain the connection I see among multilingualism, digital literacy, and social justice, and I characterize contemporary SLA as transformed by a social turn that is now complete, a bilingual turn slowly underway, and a social justice turn emerging on the horizon. I then review empirical evidence that suggests digital communication encourages multilingual practices, helps users appreciate the open nature of language resources, and perhaps even supports positive multilingual ideologies. Next, I offer some illustrations of possible new research questions and CALL-SLA studies that would focus on embracing and exploiting the openness of language resources in language learning, and on doing multilingual learning. Finally, I examine what we know about the digital divide that is relevant to CALL-SLA researchers. I close with a checklist for researchers interested in contributing to these new research interfaces in support of equitable multilingualism in online and offline language learning and teaching.
The Clinical Potential of Senolytic Drugs

Senolytic drugs are agents that selectively induce apoptosis of senescent cells. These cells accumulate in many tissues with aging and at sites of pathology in multiple chronic diseases. In studies in animals, targeting senescent cells using genetic or pharmacological approaches delays, prevents, or alleviates multiple age-related phenotypes, chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes, and loss of physiological resilience. Among the chronic conditions successfully treated by depleting senescent cells in preclinical studies are frailty, cardiac dysfunction, vascular hyporeactivity and calcification, diabetes mellitus, liver steatosis, osteoporosis, vertebral disk degeneration, pulmonary fibrosis, and radiation-induced damage. Senolytic agents are being tested in proof-of-concept clinical trials. To do so, new clinical trial paradigms for testing senolytics and other agents that target fundamental aging mechanisms are being developed, because use of long-term endpoints such as lifespan or healthspan is not feasible. These strategies include testing effects on multimorbidity, accelerated aging-like conditions, diseases with localized accumulation of senescent cells, potentially fatal diseases associated with senescent cell accumulation, age-related loss of physiological resilience, and frailty. If senolytics or other interventions that target fundamental aging processes prove to be effective and safe in clinical trials, they could transform geriatric medicine by enabling prevention or treatment of multiple diseases and functional deficits in parallel, instead of one at a time.
Systematic reviews of the literature: a better way of addressing basic science controversies.

Systematic reviews have long been an important part of the clinical literature; however, they have been slower to take hold among basic scientists. In this editorial, we outline a number of reasons why systematic reviews should be used more widely in the basic sciences: as a means to more quickly and accurately identify success and failures, to understand how variations in methodology and models may affect research, to identify and mitigate bias, and to inform future research directions. The process of conducting a systematic review is briefly described and finally, recent examples of systematic reviews in the basic sciences are acknowledged.
First Year Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Engineering Technology in Zebrafish

Genetic analysis in model systems can provide a rich context for conceptual understanding of gene structure, regulation, and function. With an intent to create a rich learning experience in molecular genetics, we developed a semester-long course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to disrupt specific genes in the zebrafish. The course was offered to freshman students; nine students worked in four groups (two to three members per group) to design, synthesize, and test the nuclease activity of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/sgRNAs for targeted disruption of specific genes in the zebrafish. Each group worked with a gene with an already known mutant phenotype that can be visually scored and a gene that had not been studied in zebrafish previously. Embedded in the course were a series of workshop-styled units or tutorials, including tours to core facilities. The focus was on introducing and developing skills that could be accommodated within the span of a semester. Each group successfully cloned at least one plasmid-encoding CRISPR/sgRNA template, visually analyzed injected embryos, and performed genotyping assays to detect CRISPR-Cas9 activity. In-class discussions, a final end-of-semester written test, and group oral presentations were assessed for an understanding of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system as a gene manipulation tool, and experimental methods used to create plasmid vectors and synthesize sgRNA. In addition, poster presentations were evaluated by faculty, graduate students, and senior undergraduate students at a University research exposition. Self-reflections in the form of group conversations were video recorded. All students (9/9) distinctly showed learning gains after completing the activity, but the extent of the gains was variable, as seen from results of a written test and poster presentation assessment. Qualitative analysis of evaluations and self-reporting data indicated several gains, suggesting that all students found many aspects of the CURE valuable and gained project-specific (conceptual) and transferrable skills (science process and science identity).
The tapestry of Chinese capital in the Global South

Though China’s capital export is not as big as many journalistic and think tank reports portray, it is definitely a rising force in shaping the context of development in many developing countries. Excluding capital flight to financial centers, most Chinese outward investment to developing regions is in the extractive, infrastructure, and trade sectors. Chinese governmental foreign aid, mostly in the form of grants and loans, has been rising in the developing world too. The form and size of China’s inroad into the Global South vary from country to country, depending on individual countries’ geopolitical and geoeconomic relation with China, as well as the countries’ natural resources endowment. The existing literature on China in the Global South focuses mostly on Africa. This paper accompanies an article collection that expands our knowledge on China’s variegated impact by looking into Argentina, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Central Asia. It also looks into how China is reshaping the structure of global politics at large.
Ultrafine Particles in the Gas Phase

During the last decade, electron microscopy was used to study the various catalytic material preparations as well as related colloidal preparations. Quantitative studies of the various factors that determine the size, shape, and uniformity of ultrafine particles in solution made possible a chemical formulation of the process of particle formation in solution and a reproducible procedure for catalyst preparations. A very important concept came out of this work ; namely, the particle-size distribution curve as determined by electron microscopy is not an error curve, but it does contain information about the processes of nucleation, growth, and aggregation of ultrafine particles.
Hamartomas and other tumor-like malformations of the lungs and heart

Tumor-like malformative lesions are seen throughout the body, and they may be confused with true neoplasms by clinicians and pathologists alike. In the lungs, they are principally represented by hamartomas-which may contain chondroid, adipocytic, fibroblastic, and myxoid tissue, with entrapped bronchiolar epithelium-and congenital pulmonary airway malformations (CPAMs). The latter have been subdivided into 5 groups, based on their histological features, but they basically comprise proliferations of malformed bronchopulmonary tissues of different types. Type 1 lesions have a capacity for malignant transformation in a small proportion of cases. Malformative cardiac tumefactions include rhabdomyoma-like hamartomas; fibromatous hamartomas; and mesenchymal ventricular hamartomas, which contain cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, fat, vasogenic tissue, and nerves. Another intracardiac proliferation in the same general category is seen in the interatrial septum, in the region of the atrioventricular node. It comprises randomly-disposed gland-like profiles that are made up of endodermal epithelium. Originally thought to be a form of mesothelial lesion, that abnormality is now classified as an endodermal choristoma. All forms of pulmonary and cardiac malformations are only rarely symptomatic, and the necessity for surgical excision of them depends on the particular details of each case.
Assessment of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Activation for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration in a Critical-Sized Rat Mandibular Defect.

ImportanceOsseous craniofacial defects are currently reconstructed with bone grafting, rigid fixation, free tissue transfer, and/or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Although these tr...
So What’s Next?

In the past century, each generation has created new technology that existed only in science fiction for the previous generation. These new technologies are then quickly taken for granted as innovation continues. Although it is not easy to forecast the future in a rapidly changing landscape where there is no analogous statistical history on which to draw, there are industry leaders who are changing today’s landscape in ways that make it easier to see where the flow of progress is taking us. There are two vital dimensions to the flow of evolution in financial systems: progress in financial services and progress in financial services technology.
Intentional integration of diversity ideals in academic libraries: A literature review

Abstract Diversity is a cornerstone of the library profession and the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) has recently announced a renewed emphasis on diversity and inclusion. In response to this initiative, this paper will review the current academic literature relating to diversity initiatives in academic libraries. Specifically, it will discuss diversity as it pertains to staffing, culture, collections, services and programming. These five areas are good starting points for libraries to reflect on the current state of diversity at their institutions and plan for meaningful change.
Abstract 211: Reduction in Laboratory Associated Cost Through Education Based Gatekeeping

Background: Laboratory testing is one the factors contributing to rising health care expenditures. Recent estimates show that laboratory and pathology testing accounts for 4% of all yearly healthca...
Penalized Spline of Propensity Methods for Treatment Comparison

Valid causal inference from observational studies requires controlling for confounders. When time-dependent confounders are present that serve as mediators of treatment effects and affect future tr...
A case of gastric small cell carcinoma with metastases to bone and liver.

Gastric small cell carcinoma (GSCC) is a rare entity in the western hemisphere. GSCC’s typically arise in the upper one-third of the stomach and have histologic features similar to those of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). They have an aggressive natural history that is characterized by early and widespread metastases. Prognosis is dismal with an overall survival of less than 12 months. We present the case of a 79-year-old African-American woman who presented with two weeks of progressive dysphagia associated with nausea, vomiting and a foreign body sensation in the throat. Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed multiple hepatic and lymph node lesions but revealed no gastric thickening. Endoscopy revealed a large ulcer on the lesser curvature of the stomach. Biopsy proved the diagnosis of pure-type GSCC. Bone scan identified multiple focal bony lesions at the thoracolumbar vertebrae, ribcage, bilateral scapulae, pelvic bones and right proximal femur. Treatment was started with cisplatin and etoposide. To our knowledge, this is the one of the first reported cases of gastric small cell cancer with bone metastases in the western hemisphere. Our report shows the importance of doing a full metastatic workup in these patients to identify sites of metastases.
Cloud Computing Security

Security aspects of cloud computing draw much attention. Many cloud customers feel that their lack of control over hardware and software makes their information vulnerable for compromise on the cloud. The security issues surrounding the cloud vary among the different types of cloud services such as SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Among the cloud deployment models only the public cloud has several vulnerabilities. Businesses feel that since they do not control the cloud infrastructure any data stored in the cloud is insecure. It is more a perception issue than something that is inherently insecure. The cloud service providers are trying to reassure the public of their security practices and provide third party audits to back up their claims. Moreover, all the major service providers seek the enhanced SSAE 16 Type II Audit and the ISAE 3402 international reporting standards compliance certification. In this chapter we will analyze the security implications for businesses from the perspective of compliance with laws and industry standards as well as certifications carried by the service provider. Moreover, the service providers facilitate implementing both access control mechanisms and organizational control policies to limit the number of privileged users with access to customer data. Also, we discuss the proactive steps an organization could take to protect their data in transit and storage.
Neighborhood Resilience Frameworks

This paper discusses issues related to a conceptual understanding of resilience, particularly in the context of urban neighborhoods. To this end, a framework for assessing neighborhood resilience is outlined.
Assessing impairment using a configural measure

Assessing impairment in daily functioning is an important part of a mental health evaluation and of monitoring progress in treatment. The Seasonality Assessment Form includes five yes/no impairment...
Rey 15 item test plus recognition trial and TOMM in a community pediatric sample.

In pediatric evaluations, performance validity test (PVT) selection is often constrained by reading level, developmental appropriateness of stimuli, and administration time. The Rey 15 Item Test (F...
Simulation-based model for surrogate safety measures analysis in automated vehicle-pedestrian conflict on an urban environment

Conflict analysis using surrogate safety measures (SSMs) has turned into an efficient way to investigate safety issues in autonomous vehicles. Previous studies largely focus on video images taken from high elevation. However, it involves overwhelming work, high expense of maintenance, and even security limitations. This study applies a simulation-based model for surrogate safety analysis of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts in urban roads. We show how an automated vehicle system that utilizes a radar and a camera as an input to a Pedestrian Protection System (PPS) can be used for surrogate safety analysis under uncertain weather conditions. Different scenarios for surrogate safety measures were built and analyzed. The detection and tracking systems for vehicle and pedestrian trajectory are modeled. Three SSMs, namely, Pedestrian Classification Time to Collision (PCT), Total Braking Time to Collision (TBT), and Total Minimum Time to Collision (TMT) are employed to represent how spatially and temporally close the pedestrian-vehicle conflict is to a collision. The simulation is built using PreScan, and the software reproduces the test scenarios accurately as well as incorporates vehicle control and logic. The results from our analysis highlight the exposure of pedestrians to traffic conflict both inside and outside crosswalks. The findings demonstrate that simulation-based models can support urban roads safety analysis of autonomous vehicles in an accurate and yet cost-effective way.