cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and Sedative Use Disorders and Related Emergencies

Alcohol is the most common, serious substance of abuse seen in emergency departments (EDs). Alcohol and sedative use disorders represent a societal problem with significant costs related to healthcare expenditures, lost productivity, and impact on patients’ and families’ lives. Caring for patients with alcohol- and sedative-related presentations is a core component of ED practice. The medical and psychiatric comorbidities associated with alcohol and sedative use disorders greatly increase the complexity and challenges of emergency assessment and management including managing acute intoxication and withdrawal; evaluating and stabilizing associated medical illnesses; assessing and managing risk related to violence, suicide, and impaired judgment; identifying and managing provider attitudes about patients who use alcohol and sedatives; and planning for appropriate aftercare. To provide exceptional care to patients with alcohol and sedative use disorders, emergency providers must have thorough knowledge employed systematically and with self-awareness.
Role of pelvic CT during surveillance of patients with resected biliary tract cancer

The aim of the study was to identify the frequency of isolated pelvic metastasis with the goal of determining the utility of pelvic CT as a surveillance strategy in patients with resected biliary tract cancer (BTC). Study eligibility criteria included patients 18 years or older with BTC who underwent R0 or R1 surgical resection at University of Michigan between 2004 and 2018, with a minimum 6-month disease-free surveillance period. CT and MRI reports were independently graded by two radiologists as positive (organ metastasis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, or enlarged lymph nodes), equivocal (borderline lymph nodes or non-nodular ascites), or negative (absence of or benign findings) in the abdomen and pelvis separately. A 3rd blinded radiologist reviewed all positive and equivocal scans. Clinic notes were reviewed to identify new or worsening signs and symptoms that would warrant an earlier pelvic surveillance scan. A 95% binomial proportion confidence interval was used to find the probability of isolated pelvic metastasis. BTC were anatomically classified as extra-hepatic (distal and hilar) cholangiocarcinoma (38; 25%), intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (57; 38%), and gallbladder cancer (56; 37%). 151 patients met eligibility criteria, of which 123 (81%) had no pelvic metastasis, 51 (34%) had localized upper abdominal metastasis, and 23 (15%) had concomitant abdominal and pelvic metastasis. Median follow-up time was 19.2 months. One (0%) subject with resected BTC (intra-hepatic) developed isolated osseous pelvic metastasis during surveillance (95% CI 0.004–0.1; p = 0.0003). 3 (2%) subjects developed isolated simple ascites (equivocal grade) without concurrent upper abdominal metastasis. Isolated pelvic metastasis is a rare occurrence during surveillance in patients with resected BTCs, and therefore, follow-up pelvic CT in absence of specific symptoms may be unnecessary.
Modeling and Detection of Future Cyber-Enabled DSM Data Attacks using Supervised Learning

Demand-Side Management (DSM) is a vital tool that can be used to ensure power system reliability and stability. In future smart grids, certain portions of a customers load usage could be under automatic control with a cyber-enabled DSM program which selectively schedules loads as a function of electricity prices to improve power balance and grid stability. In such a case, the security of DSM cyberinfrastructure will be critical as advanced metering infrastructure, and communication systems are susceptible to hacking, cyber-attacks. Such attacks, in the form of data injection, can manipulate customer load profiles and cause metering chaos and energy losses in the grid. These attacks are also exacerbated by the feedback mechanism between load management on the consumer side and dynamic price schemes by independent system operators. This work provides a novel methodology for modeling and simulating the nonlinear relationship between load management and real-time pricing. We then investigate the behavior of such a feedback loop under intentional cyber-attacks using our feedback model. We simulate and examine load-price data under different levels of DSM participation with three types of additive attacks: ramp, sudden, and point attacks. We apply change point and supervised learning methods for detection of DSM attacks. Results conclude that while higher levels of DSM participation can exacerbate attacks they also lead to better detection of such attacks. Further analysis of results shows that point attacks are the hardest to detect and supervised learning methods produce results on par or better than sequential detectors.
Breakfast Consumption Is Positively Associated with Usual Nutrient Intakes among Food Pantry Clients Living in Rural Communities.

Background Breakfast consumption has declined over the past 40 y and is inversely associated with obesity-related diet and health outcomes. The breakfast pattern of food pantry clients and its association with diet is unknown. Objective The objective is to investigate the association of breakfast consumption with diet quality and usual nutrient intakes among food pantry clients (n = 472) living in rural communities. Methods This was an observational study using cross-sectional analyses. English-speaking participants ≥18 y (or ≥19 y in Nebraska) were recruited from 24 food pantries in rural high-poverty counties in Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and South Dakota. Participants were surveyed at the pantry regarding characteristics and diet using 24-h recall. A second recall was self-completed or completed via assisted phone call within 2 wk of the pantry visit. Participants were classified as breakfast skippers when neither recall reported breakfast ≥230 kcal consumed between 04:00 and 10:00; breakfast consumers were all other participants. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 was modeled with breakfast pattern using multiple linear regression. Mean usual intake of 16 nutrients was estimated using the National Cancer Institute Method and compared across breakfast pattern groups. Usual nutrient intake was compared with the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) to estimate the proportion of population not meeting the EAR or exceeding the AI. Results A total of 56% of participants consumed breakfast. Compared with breakfast skippers, breakfast consumers had 10-59% significantly higher usual mean intakes of all nutrients (P ≤ 0.05), and had 12-21% lower prevalence of at-risk nutrient intakes except for vitamin D, vitamin E, and magnesium. Conclusions Adult food pantry clients living in rural communities experienced hardships in meeting dietary recommendations. Breakfast consumption was positively associated with usual nutrient intakes in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03566095.
Clinical Activity of Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab in Patients With Metastatic Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract Introduction Ipilimumab plus nivolumab has been approved for intermediate- and poor-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the activity in non–clear cell RCC (nccRCC) is unknown. Patients and Methods Patients from Cleveland Clinic and the University of Texas Southwestern who had received ipilimumab plus nivolumab for metastatic nccRCC from October 2017 to May 2019 were retrospectively identified. Ipilimumab plus nivolumab was administered in accordance with the CHECKMATE 214 trial. Imaging was obtained at baseline and every 12 weeks. The baseline patient characteristics, objective response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0, were analyzed. Results Eighteen patients were identified. The median age was 59 years (range, 32-81 years), 77.8% were men, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 (38%) or 1 (50%). The median treatment duration was 2.4 months (range, 0.7-12.3 months). The non–clear cell histologic types included 6 papillary, 5 chromophobe, 3 unclassified, 2 adenocarcinoma of renal origin, 1 translocation, and 1 medullary. Most had an intermediate (66%) or poor (22%) International Metastatic Database Consortium risk. The best objective response included 6 partial responses (PRs; 33.3%) and 3 with stable disease (16.7%). Of the patients with a PR, the median time to the best response was 3.0 months, and median duration of the PR was 4.3 months. The median progression-free survival was 7.1 months. All-grade TRAEs were noted in 11 patients (61.1%) and included colitis (22%), hepatotoxicity (16%), rash (11%), and fatigue (11%). Eleven patients (61%) had TRAEs requiring high-dose glucocorticoids (> 40 mg of prednisone equivalent daily). Conclusions Ipilimumab plus nivolumab demonstrated objective responses and notable toxicity in patients with nccRCC.
Disease-Specific Survival of Type I and Type II Epithelial Ovarian Cancers—Stage Challenges Categorical Assignments of Indolence & Aggressiveness

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) consist of several sub-types based on histology, clinical, molecular and epidemiological features that are termed "histo-types", which can be categorized into less aggressive Type I and more aggressive Type II malignancies. This investigation evaluated the disease-specific survival (DSS) of women with Type I and II EOC using histo-type, grade, and stage. A total of 200,658 EOC cases were identified in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, one-factor ANOVA and Chi-square analyses were performed on 10-year DSS survivals. DSS strongly supported a 2-tiered classification (grade 1 vs. grade 2 & 3) for serous EOC. DSS of early stage serous EOC for grade 2 was significantly different from grade 3 indicating that a 2-tier classification for serous EOC applied only to late stage. DSS of Type I EOC was much better than Type II. However, DSS was 46-58% lower with late stage Type I than with early stage Type I indicating that Type I ovarian cancers should not be considered indolent. Early stage Type II EOC had much better DSS than late stage Type II stressing that stage has a large role in survival of both Type I and II EOC.
Dynamic states of population activity in prefrontal cortical networks of freely-moving macaque.

Neural responses in the cerebral cortex change dramatically between the ‘synchronized’ state during sleep and ‘desynchronized’ state during wakefulness. Our understanding of cortical state emerges largely from experiments performed in sensory areas of head-fixed or tethered rodents due to technical limitations of recording from larger freely-moving animals for several hours. Here, we report a system integrating wireless electrophysiology, wireless eye tracking, and real-time video analysis to examine the dynamics of population activity in a high-level, executive area – dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of unrestrained monkey. This technology allows us to identify cortical substates during quiet and active wakefulness, and transitions in population activity during rest. We further show that narrow-spiking neurons exhibit stronger synchronized fluctuations in population activity than broad-spiking neurons regardless of state. Our results show that cortical state is controlled by behavioral demands and arousal by asymmetrically modulating the slow response fluctuations of local excitatory and inhibitory cell populations. Authors develop an integrated wireless system to examine brain states in freely-moving monkeys. They show that neural population activity in prefrontal cortex covaries with natural behavioral dynamics. Active behavior is associated with elevated arousal and increases in spiking activity while reducing low-frequency synchrony within cortical populations.
Differences in Male and Female Texas Community College First-time-in-College Part-Time Students Over Time: A Multiyear, Statewide Analysis

In this multiyear, statewide investigation, the extent to which enrollment rates of male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students enrolled in Texas community colleges differed from the 2003-2004 academic year to the 2018-2019 academic year was determined. From the 2003-2004 academic year to the 2011-2012 academic year, statistically significant differences were identified in the enrollment rates of both male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students. Cohen’s d effect sizes , calculated for both male and female, part-time students, were small (0.22). Enrollment rates for male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students from the 2011-2012 academic year to the 2018-2019 academic year and from the 2003-2004 academic year to the 2018-2019 academic year were similar. Enrollment rates for male and female, part-time, first-time-in-college students enrolled in Texas community colleges remained consistently around 45% and 55%, respectively, during the 16 academic year span. Recommendations for future research as well as implications for policy were discussed.
Brain vessel segmentation in contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR Images for deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus using a deep convolutional neural network

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been recently approved by the FDA to treat epilepsy patients with refractory seizures, i.e., patients for whom medications are not effective. It involves stimulating the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) with electric impulses using permanently placed electrodes. One main challenge with the procedure is to determine a trajectory to place the implant at the proper location while avoiding sensitive structures. In this work, we focus on one category of sensitive structures, i.e., brain vessels, and we propose a method to segment them in clinically acquired contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1CE) MRI images. We develop a deep-learning-based 3D U-Net model that we train/test on a set of images for which we have created the ground truth. We compare this approach to a traditional vesselness-based technique and we show that our method produces significantly better results (Dice score: 0.794), especially for small vessels.
Machine Learning Enabled Adaptive Wireless Power Transmission System for Neuroscience Study

We propose a novel machine learning (ML) approach for the adaptive control of wireless power transmission systems for neuroscience studies. Recent advances in wireless technologies have led to new tools and techniques for neuroscience research, particularly in the context of techniques for optogenetics. Such tools eliminate the need for a battery or a tether to an external power supply and enable experiments that can examine complex behaviors such as social interactions in ways. However, current strategies for radio frequency power control, even with optimized transmission antenna designs, fail more often than they succeed in three-dimensional cages or complex environments that demand coverage over large areas. Here, we propose a ML-based algorithm that can effectively address these issues. In our proposed algorithm, we use deep convolutional network networks (CNN) to automatically track the movement and predict the posture of a lab animal, based on which the antenna system is dynamically switched to activate the antenna that maximizes the power efficiency. This dramatically improves the volumetric and angular coverage in the cage as well as the efficiency of the overall power transmission system in in vitro and in vivo experiments, which showcase the potential for their widespread use in various neuroscience studies.
A Tale of Two Origins: Tracing the Diffusion of University versus Firm Inventions

Knowledge diffusion drives both technical progress and economic growth. Underlying much diffusion scholarship is an assumption that organizational origin – that is, whether knowledge stems from a u...
Surgical approach to continuous-flow left ventricular assist device explantation: A comparison of outcomes.

Abstract Objective Ventricular reconditioning and device weaning in select patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF LVADs) has been shown to be feasible. However, little is known regarding the outcomes associated with different surgical methods of device removal. We examined the effect of surgical explantation approach on early and late outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from all patients who underwent successful ventricular weaning and CF LVAD explantation at our center. Patients were stratified by surgical approach. Descriptive univariate statistics, multivariate regression, and survival analyses were performed. Patients were censored by transplant, device reimplantation, or end of follow-up. Results Twenty-seven patients were identified who underwent successful removal of a CF LVAD (25 HeartMate II, 2 HeartWare) after 532 ± 424 days of support (range, 42-1937 days). Four approaches were used that vary primarily in the degree of retained pump material: complete pump removal with plug ventriculotomy closure (n = 13; 48%), pump housing explant with ligation of the inflow and outflow grafts (n = 7; 26%), ligation of the outflow graft and driveline transection (n = 5; 19%), and driveline transection alone (n = 2; 7%). Mean overall postexplant survival was 1286 ± 947 days (range, 143-3072 days). Overall time-to-event and survival analyses showed no significant association between surgical approach and postoperative length of stay ( P = .7), stroke ( P = .12), reoperation ( P = .4), or survival ( P = .12). Conclusions For patients who receive device therapy, pump deactivation and removal represents a favorable outcome. All methods are feasible and produce similar early and late survival and clinical outcomes.
Deep sea hydrothermal plumes and their interaction with oscillatory flows

[1] The acoustic scintillation method is applied to the investigation and monitoring of a vigorous hydrothermal plume from Dante within the Main Endeavour vent field (MEF) in the Endeavour Ridge segment. A 40 day time series of the plume's vertical velocity and temperature fluctuations provides a unique opportunity to study deep sea plume dynamics in a tidally varying horizontal cross flow. An integral plume model that takes into account ambient stratification and horizontal cross flows is established from the conservation equations of mass, momentum and density deficit. Using a linear additive entrainment velocity in the model (E = αUm + βU⊥) that is a function of both the plume relative axial velocity (Um) and the relative ambient flow perpendicular to the plume (U⊥) gives consistent results to the experimental data, suggesting entrainment coefficients α = 0.1 and β = 0.6. Also from the integral model, the plume height in a horizontal cross flow (Ua) is shown to scale as 1.8B1/3Ua−1/3N−2/3 for 0.01 ≤ Ua ≤ 0.1 m/s where B is the initial buoyancy transport and N is the ambient stratification, both of which are assumed constant.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Manganese Binding of Rat Liver Arginase

Abstract Magnetic resonance studies of the activation of arginase (l-arginine amidinohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1) with manganese have been performed with nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that 4 moles of manganese were bound per mole of fully activated arginase. However, the binding affinities of the metal ions to the enzyme were not identical; 50% of the Mn2+ was strongly bound and could not be removed without considerable irreversible loss of activity and solubility of the enzyme. Various treatments such as dialysis, electrophoresis, or chelating of the Mn2+ by an excess of complexing agents resulted in enzyme preparations that retained about 50% of their original activity; full activity could be recovered in these samples by the addition of Mn2+. The amount of tightly bound manganese estimated by quantitative electron spin resonance measurements after denaturation of the enzyme with 1.5 n HCl showed that the dialyzed enzyme, with a residual catalytic activity of 50%, contained 2 moles of manganese per mole of arginase, suggesting that the enzyme existed then in the form of an E-Mn2 complex. Measurements of the effect of the manganese in the E-Mn2 complex on the longitudinal nuclear relaxation rate of water protons at pH 7.5 and 34° yielded an enhancement of 8.0 and a binding constant (K1) whose lower limit is 3 x 107 m-1. The activation step of arginase from E-Mn2 ⇌ E-Mn4, which results in a restoration of 100% of the catalytic activity, was studied kinetically at increasing manganese concentrations and at various temperatures and pH. By titration of the enzyme with manganese and vice versa, the formation of the E-Mn4 complex was followed by measurements of the proton relaxation rate, which yielded an enhancement of 6 to 8 at pH 7.5 and 34°. The binding constant for the reversibly removable Mn2+ was calculated to be K2 = 2 ± 1 x 104 m-1. The addition of arginine (substrate) or or nithine (competitive inhibitor) did not further increase the enhancement; rather, it slightly lowered it, which proves that primarily a binary complex between arginase and manganese is formed.
Environmental performance of products

Increasingly, manufacturers and service providers face the challenge of improving the environmental performance of their products. A number of studies have shown the importance of environmental goals and measures for successful environmental design efforts in firms. This paper provides a framework of environmental goals or benchmarks and examines Sony Corporation as a case study of improving the environmental performance of products. Specific examples of Sony's targets for improvement are provided along with examples of initiatives for their achievement. In particular, Sony's product assessment check sheet is introduced as a simple yet effective tool for identifying areas for environmental improvement, as well as for measuring and promoting improvement efforts in alignment with the organization's longer‐term environmental goals.
Molecular theory of homogeneous nucleation using a more sophisticated kinetic

We use a recent non ad hoc model of microcluster (MM) proposed by Prof. Howard Reiss and co-authors [1,2] together with a more rigorous theory of the nucleation kinetic equation. It is shown that this model satisfactory predicts at least qualitative features of nucleation and the nucleation rate is insensitive to the connectivity distance dc.
Advantages and Limitations of the e-Delphi Technique: Implications for Health Education Researchers

Abstract In the last 30 years, the application of the Delphi technique has been increasing. With the recent availability and established popularity of Internet-based research tools, the Internet has been identified as a means for mitigating Delphi limitations, maximizing its advantages, and expanding the breadth of its application. The discourse on the application of “e-Delphi” has been speculative in nature, however, with pragmatic analysis of Internet-based Delphi administration being limited in scope. Concomitantly, methodological guidance for conducting the e-Delphi in health education is limited, with best-practice implementation strategies yet to emerge. This paper advances the understanding of the e-Delphi technique, contributes to the evolution of this Internet-based research methodology, and provides guidance for the e-Delphi researcher in health education. Further, it offers a contribution to the discourse about Internet-based inquiry generally, and on using the e-Delphi technique in health educ...
Cytotype Control of Drosophila Melanogaster P Element Transposition: Genomic Position Determines Maternal Repression

P element transposition in Drosophila is controlled by the cytotype regulatory state: in P cytotype, transposition is repressed, whereas in M cytotype, transposition can occur. P cytotype is determined by a combination of maternally inherited factors and chromosomal P elements in the zygote. Transformant strains containing single elements that encoded the 66-kD P element protein zygotically repressed transposition, but did not display the maternal repression characteristic of P cytotype. Upon mobilization to new genomic positions, some of these repressor elements showed significant maternal repression of transposition in genetic assays, involving a true maternal effect. Thus, the genomic position of repressor elements can determine the maternal vs. zygotic inheritance of P cytotype. Immunoblotting experiments indicate that this genomic position effect does not operate solely by controlling the expression level of the 66-kD repressor protein during oogenesis. Likewise, P element derivatives containing the hsp26 maternal regulator sequence expressed high levels of the 66-kD protein during oogenesis, but showed no detectable maternal repression. These data suggest that the location of a repressor element in the genome may determine maternal inheritance of P cytotype by a mechanism involving more than the overall level of expression of the 66-kD protein in the ovary.
Coexistence of intermediate-valence and antiferromagnetic ordering in europium metal.

Mossbauer-effect measurements show that for Eu metal, intermediate-valence and antiferromagnetic ordering states coexist over the pressure range 0 to 14 GPa for temperatures below the Neel temperature of about 90 K. As the average valence increases with pressure up to 12 GPa, the magnetization decreases due to a dilution of the average magnetic moment per atom.
Nanodiamond Tipped and Coated Conical Carbon Tubular Structures

Studies of diamond nucleation and growth on conical carbon tubular structures show that the nucleation preferentially occurs at the tips, but only occurs on the sidewalls when they are pretreated with diamond or other powder dispersions, forming a nanodiamond coating. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies reveal that the diamond nucleation on the sidewalls may proceed through the formation of diamond nuclei within the walls at subsurface damage sites caused during pretreatment. In the case of experiments with low atomic hydrogen conditions, carbon onion structures are observed on the sidewalls but only with pretreatments.
The effect of intraocular injection of cordycepin on retinal RNA synthesis and on RNA axonally transported during regeneration of the optic nerves of goldfish.

— The presence of relatively large amounts of RNA has been demonstrated in regenerating axons of the goldfish optic nerve. Previous experiments have suggested that this R NA may be composed of only small molecular weight 4S RNA. The present experiments were performed in order to see if inhibiting RNA transport by intraocular injections of cordycepin causes a selective depletion of 4S RNA arriving in the contralateral optic tectum, and thus add further evidence that 4S RNA is axonally transported. Optic nerves were crushed in a group of goldfish and 18 days later 10.0 /tg of cordycepin was injected into the right eye followed 3 h later by injections of [3H]uridine into the same eye. Six days later the amount of axonally transported [3H]RNA was decreased by 89% compared with non-cordycepin treated controls. The effect of cordycepin on retinal RNA synthesis was shown by autoradiography to be primarily on retinal ganglion cell RNA synthesis with lesser effects on other cellular elements of the retina. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at both 1 and 6 days after intraocular injections of cordycepin and [3H]uridine, showed that cordycepin blocks the retinal synthesis of ribosomal RNAs but appeared to have little effect on the synthesis of 4S RNA. When transported RNA in the tectum was fractionated by gel electrophoresis 6 days after injection, it was found that the amount of ribosomal RNA was decreased by approx 70% as a result of cordycepin pretreatment. This correlated well with the effect of cordycepin on the transport of available RNA precursors (also decreased by approx 70%) and is consistent with the contention that in these experiments ribosomal RNA is synthesized in the tectum itself and is not axonal. The amount of [3H] 4S RNA arriving in the tectum, however, was decreased by greater than 90% suggesting that its presence in the tectum was not entirely dependent on the availability of 3H precursors for local synthesis in the tectum. These results are consistent with data suggesting that 4S RNA is the predominant, if not the only, RNA species axonally transported during regeneration of goldfish optic nerves.
Classification of the N=1 Seiberg-Witten theories

We present a systematic study of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories which are in the Coulomb phase. We show how to find all such theories based on a simple gauge group and no tree-level superpotential. We find the low-energy solution for the new theories in terms of a hyperelliptic Seiberg-Witten curve. This work completes the study of all N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories where the Dynkin index of the matter fields equals the index of the adjoint ({mu}=G) and, consequently, all theories for which {mu}{lt}G. thinsp {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Cytopathology of myeloid sarcoma: a study of 16 cases

Introduction The diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma (MS) in cytology samples is challenging, especially when these tumors occur prior to a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. The aim of this study was to review our cytopathology service's experience with a series of MS cases. Materials and methods Archival records were searched from which 16 cytology cases of MS were identified and reviewed. Clinical findings, cytomorphology, and ancillary studies were analyzed. Results MS was secondary to acute myeloid leukemia in 14 cases, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis in 1 case, and myelodysplastic syndrome in another. Flow cytometry was supportive in 11 cases, immunostains were helpful when performed in 4 cases, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization in the CML case showed t(9;22). Cellularity was variable in all leukemia subtypes. Blasts had round or cleaved nuclei with indistinct nucleoli. Maturing granulocytes were present only in the patient with CML, or with peripheral blood contamination (4 cases). Other blood precursors were absent. Apoptosis and lymphoglandular bodies were present in almost one-half of the cases, which correlated with increased blasts. Mitoses were infrequent (6 cases) and necrosis was not seen. Conclusions The diagnosis of MS in cytology specimens can be made in cases with adequate cellularity and supportive ancillary studies in the correct clinical context. MS was harder to diagnose in cytology cases with low cellularity, blood contamination, and few blasts. Cytologic features that pose diagnostic pitfalls are lymphoglandular bodies suggestive of lymphoma and maturing or mixed granulocytes that mimic infection.
Changes in Gene Expression of E. coli under Conditions of Modeled Reduced Gravity

Relatively few studies have examined bacterial responses to the reduced gravity conditions that are experienced by bacteria grown in space. In this study, whole genome expression of Escherichia coli K12 under clinorotation (which models some of the conditions found under reduced gravity) was analyzed. We hypothesized that phenotypic differences at cellular and population levels under clinorotation (hereafter referred to as modeled reduced gravity) are directly coupled to changes in gene expression. Further, we hypothesized that these responses may be due to indirect effects of these environmental conditions on nutrient accessibility for bacteria. Overall, 430 genes were identified as significantly different between modeled reduced gravity conditions and controls. Up-regulated genes included those involved in the starvation response (csiD, cspD, ygaF, gabDTP, ygiG, fliY, cysK) and redirecting metabolism under starvation (ddpX, acs, actP, gdhA); responses to multiple stresses, such as acid stress (asr, yhiW), osmotic stress (yehZYW), oxidative stress (katE, btuDE); biofilm formation (lldR, lamB, yneA, fadB, ydeY); curli biosynthesis (csgDEF), and lipid biosynthesis (yfbEFG). Our results support the previously proposed hypothesis that under conditions of modeled reduced gravity, zones of nutrient depletion develop around bacteria eliciting responses similar to entrance into stationary phase which is generally characterized by expression of starvation inducible genes and genes associated with multiple stress responses.
Effect of turbulence non-isotropy modeling on spray dynamics for an evaporating Acetone spray jet

Abstract The effect of turbulence closure on spray dynamics is studied for three dilute Acetone spray jets using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach with two-way coupling. A stochastic random walk algorithm is employed to model the droplets’ dispersion. Simulations using different turbulence closure models (i.e. the isotropic SST-k- ω , and the k- ∊ realizable models, and the non-isotropic Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)) are compared with the Sydney spray measurements for SP 2 , SP 6 , and SP 7 spray conditions (Gounder et al., 2012). The experimental mass flow rate, spray mean and rms data are injected for each available size bin during the numerical simulations. Overall, the simulations show good comparisons with the mean and rms spray measurements. The turbulence closure non-isotropy modeling shows relatively weak effect on the spray mean velocity and size profiles predictions, where the RSM predictions was slightly better at the centerline at x/D = 10 and x/D = 20 for the SP2 mean axial velocity, with similar predictions to the k models for the SP6 and SP7. The RSM, however, consistently predicts better rms axial and radial spray velocity distribution, which indicates more realistic droplet dispersion than the isotropic SST-k- ω and the k- ∊ . The RSM gas phase shear stresses show that close to the nozzle (i.e. at x/D = 5 and x/D = 10) the turbulence non-isotropy increases as we approach the centerline and is maximum at the shear layer location at x/D = 5. On the other hand, at the downstream locations at x/D = 30 the turbulence field non-isotropy increases at the jet edge. A conical region of large size mean droplets (D10 > 26μm) is observed around the SP2 jet edge. This region disappears quickly for the SP6 and SP7 after the inflow section. The data analysis exhibits that the RSM predicts higher Stokes number than the SST-k- ω due to faster mixing time scales. For the impact on dynamics, at the centerline the SST-k- ω and k- ∊ models, predict higher droplets’ slip velocity, higher drag force, and faster droplet’s response than the RSM. The droplets’ tendency for cross-stream dispersion is also found to vary with the turbulence model. The fan spreading phenomenon is observed at the down stream locations away from the nozzle. The results show that the spray turbulence is non-isotropic and lags the gas phase rms values, especially at the centerline. This discrepancy decreases downstream and towards the jet edge. The study shows the importance of non-isotropy modeling on the droplets dispersion and spray dynamics predictions.
Subunit interaction of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase: effects of purification procedures.

Structural, physical, and kinetic properties of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) purified by three different procedures were monitored in order to determine the effect of various purification procedures on the dynamics of subunit interaction. PFK was purified by three commonly used procedures: (1) differential heat precipitation (Kemp, R. G. (1972) Methods Enzymol. 42, 71-77), (2) differential heat and alcohol precipitation (Ling, R. H., Marcus, F., & Lardy, H. A. (1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 1893-18991, and (3) differential salt fractionation (Hesterberg, L. K., & Lee, J. C. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2030-20391. The physical, kinetic, and structural properties of these three preparations show that these proteins are not identical. Sedimentation velocity studies show that PFK purified by method 3 self-associates rapidly and that the system is thermodynamically homogeneous. The presence of an inactive or noninteracting component is not observed within an 8-h time limit. In contrast, PFK purified by method 1 or 2 is heterogeneous. In these preparations, a slowly sedimenting, noninteracting, inactive form of PFK is present. The remaining active protein is not stable but continuously converts to an inactive form. Active PFK can be fractionated from this inactive form by sedimentation. This active fraction behaves as a thermodynamically homogeneous system, and the subunits undergo rapid association-dissociation in a manner similar to PFK purified by method 3. Kinetic studies on these three preparations show that the inclusion of a heat and/or alcohol step in the purification procedure yields an enzyme that is less stable, has a lower specific activity, requires DTT for full activation, and is more susceptible to inhibition by ATP. PFK purified by method 2 has been demonstrated to have a lower subunit molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping. This study demonstrates unequivocally the detrimental effects of including heat and alcohol precipitation steps in the purification procedure for PFK. It also shows that the various oligomeric states of native PFK subunits are in a dynamic, rapid equilibrium and that the kinetic parameters of active PFK are dependent on protein concentration; thus, these results demonstrate that the self-assembly of PFK subunits must play a role in the regulation of PFK activity.
Authoritarianism and exposure to another’s behavior in a risk-taking situation

Six groups of Ss, based on combinations of two levels of F scale scores and three levels of confederate risk-taking, took part in a game where they made decisions about accepting known outcomes or gambling on unknown alternatives. Results indicated that an individual’s behavior is significantly influenced by another’s responses in this situation. High F and Low F Ss did not differ in susceptibility to social influence or tendency to gamble under these conditions.
Testing the influence of night length on the anthesis of staminate flowers of Halophila engelmannii aschers. (Hydrocharitaceae)

Abstract Staminate flowers of Halophila engelmannii Aschers. Studied under varied night lengths had the same pattern of bud opening. During nights of either 4 1/2 or 6 h duration, the staminate flowers opened and released pollen during a 9 1/2-h light period that extended from the commencement of light at 06:00 h until mid-afternoon, 15:30 h. Flowers that had not opened by 15:30 h and that were subsequently monitored in light from 15:30 h until the time of darkness at either 24:00 or 01:30 h did not reach anthesis until the following light period. Although a previous study using 9-h nights had indicated that night length was a possible determinant of the timing of anthesis, the present study suggests that bud opening is initiated by the onset of light and that subsequently buds continue to open during a 9 1/2-h period.
FIELD-DEPENDENCE AND LOCUS OF CONTROL

76 undergraduates were given the Hidden Figures Test (HFT) and the Adult's Locus of Evaluation and Control Scale (ALOE-C). Correlations between the HFT and the “evaluation” subscale of the ALOE-C w...
Toughness Enhancement in ROMP Functionalized Carbon Nanotube/Polydicyclopentadiene Composites

Norbornene-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) nanocomposites have been prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Tensile toughness is shown to increase by more than 900% compared to neat polyDCPD by incorporating just 0.4 wt % functionalized MWNTs. Modest increases in modulus and strength were also observed with increasing nanotube loadings. The effect of norbornene grafted MWNTs on the polymerization kinetics of the resulting cross-linked polyDCPD network was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The glass-transition temperatures of the composites are shown to increase with addition of functionalized MWNTs. Moreover, a decrease in damping behavior, as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis, is used to estimate the effective polymer−particle interphase thickness.
Separable algebras over infinite fields are 2-generated and finitely presented

We prove that every separable algebra over an infinite field F admits a presentation with 2 generators and finitely many relations. In particular, this is true for finite direct sums of matrix algebras over F and for group algebras FG, where G is a finite group such that the order of G is invertible in F. We illustrate the usefulness of such presentations by using them to find a polynomial criterion to decide when 2 ordered pairs of 2 × 2 matrices (A, B) and (A′, B′) with entries in a commutative ring R are automorphically conjugate over the matrix algebra M2(R), under an additional assumption that both pairs generate M2(R) as an R-algebra.
Investigation of a flat sheet membrane desolvator for aqueous solvent removal with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Abstract Results obtained from a preliminary investigation of the performance of a flat sheet membrane desolvator (FSMD) utilizing dual hydrophobic polypropylene membranes with an average pore size of 0.05 μm and a 50 ± 5 μm thickness are reported. The membranes have a desolvation area of 241 cm2. The volume-to-surface area ratio is 0.3 cm. Using the FSMD with an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN), aqueous solvent desolvation efficiencies of greater than 99.9% were obtained at all nebulizer gas flow rates investigated (0.8, 1.2, and 1.8 l min−1). This efficient desolvation occurred when the countercurrent gas flow rate was equal to or slightly greater than the applied nebulizer gas flow rate. Under these conditions preconcentration factors of 18, 44, and 590 were observed with flows of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.8 l min−1, respectively. Operating with countercurrent gas flow rates much higher than the nebulizer gas flow rates leads to a significant reduction in analyte flux, thus increasing detection limits. Depending on the nebulizer and countercurrent gas flow rate conditions, the FSMD contributed between 10–40% to the overall analyte loss in the system. The lowest detection limit observed for aqueous copper with the USN-FSMD system is 0.4 ppb at nebulizer and countercurrent gas flow rates of 1.2 and 1.4 l min−1, respectively. At this nebulizer gas flow rate, replacing the FSMD in the system with a commercial tubular membrane desolvator, MDX100, gave a lowest Cu detection limit of 0.2 ppb at a countercurrent gas flow rate of 1.2 l min−1. These detection limits represents improvements over the 0.7 and 8 ppb obtained with USN and pneumatic nebulization, respectively.
An Empirical Study to Evaluate the Best Anchoring Positions in Nested Menus for Optimized Access Time

In any application user interface, a user spends some amount of time trying to access specific menu items. This time increases when the menu item is nested deep within hierarchical menu. The goal of a user is to reach a menu item with as few clicks, as possible. And, the number of clicks/time depends on how the parent and child menu items are nested and laid out on the interface.This paper analyzes the organization of parent and child menu items on a user interface and is an empirical study to determine the optimum positions of anchoring points between the parent and child menus. The findings of this study would help user interface designers to optimize the time traversed by users in reaching a specific menu item.
Medical Planning for Extended Remote Expeditions

Remote extended expeditions often support scientific research and commercial resource exploration or extraction in hostile environments. Medical support for these expeditions is inherently complex and requires in-depth planning. To be successful, this planning must include substantial input from clinicians with experience in remote, emergency, and prehospital medicine and from personnel familiar with the proposed working environment. Using the guidelines discussed in this paper will help ensure that planners consider all necessary, medically relevant elements before launching an extended remote expedition. The 10 key elements of a workable remote healthcare system are to: 1.Optimize workers' fitness 2.Anticipate treatable problems 3.Stock appropriate medications 4.Provide appropriate equipment 5.Provide adequate logistical support 6.Provide adequate medical communications 7.Know the environmental limitations on patient access and evacuation 8.Use qualified providers 9.Arrange for knowledgeable and timely consultations 10.Establish and distribute rational administrative rules Planners using these guidelines may better be able to generate a strategy that optimizes the participants' health benefits, the expedition's productivity, and the expedition sponsor's cost savings.
Obstacle Avoidance Influence Coefficients for Manipulator Motion Planning

Motion planning in cluttered environments is a weakness of current robotic technology. While research addressing this issue has been conducted, few efforts have attempted to use minimum distance rates of change in motion planning. Geometric influence coefficients provide extraordinary insight into the interactions between a robot and its environment. They isolate the geometry of distance functions from system inputs and make the higher-order properties of minimum distance magnitudes directly available. Knowledge of the higher order properties of minimum distance magnitudes can be used to predict the future obstacle avoidance, path planning, and/or target acquisition state of a manipulator system and aid in making intelligent motion planning decisions. Here, first and second order geometric influence coefficients for minimum distance magnitudes are rigorously developed for several simple modeling primitives. A general method for similar derivations using new primitives and an evaluation of finite difference approximations versus analytical second order coefficient calculations are presented. Two application examples demonstrate the utility of minimum distance magnitude influence coefficients in motion planning.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Spectroscopic and Computational Characterization of the NO Adduct of Substrate-Bound Fe(II) Cysteine Dioxygenase: Insights into the Mechanism of O2 Activation

Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a mononuclear nonheme iron(II)-dependent enzyme critical for maintaining appropriate cysteine (Cys) and taurine levels in eukaryotic systems. Because CDO possesses both an unusual 3-His facial ligation sphere to the iron center and a rare Cys–Tyr cross-link near the active site, the mechanism by which it converts Cys and molecular oxygen to cysteine sulfinic acid is of broad interest. However, as of yet, direct experimental support for any of the proposed mechanisms is still lacking. In this study, we have used NO as a substrate analogue for O2 to prepare a species that mimics the geometric and electronic structures of an early reaction intermediate. The resultant unusual S = 1/2 {FeNO}7 species was characterized by magnetic circular dichroism, electron paramagnetic resonance, and electronic absorption spectroscopies as well as computational methods including density functional theory and semiempirical calculations. The NO adducts of Cys- and selenocysteine (Sec)-bound Fe(II)...