cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The promotion of physical activity for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down Syndrome: Rationale and design for a 12 Month randomized trial

Abstract Nearly all individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) display pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) beginning as early as age 30. Previous research in typically developed adults suggests that increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may improve cognitive function and protect against age-related structural and functional changes in the brain; however, the potential impact of increased MVPA on the development of AD in adults with DS has not been evaluated. Despite the potential positive impact of MVPA on cognition and AD risk, participation in MVPA among young adults with DS is low. The limited research evaluating strategies for increasing MVPA in adults with DS has been unsuccessful in increasing MVPA. Results from our preliminary investigation where we remotely delivered real-time MVPA, led by a trained health educator, to groups of adults with DS in their homes via video conferencing on a tablet computer demonstrated high attendance, increased MVPA during group sessions, and improvements in cognitive function. However, the sustainability, impact on total daily MVPA, optimal session frequency, and potential impacts on cognitive function and brain health of remotely delivered group MVPA sessions in adults with DS are unknown. Therefore, we will conduct a trial in 80 non-demented adults with DS to determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of remotely delivered group MVPA sessions to increase daily MVPA, relative to a usual care control. Secondarily we will assess the impact of MVPA on cardiovascular fitness, quality of life, cognitive function and brain parameters related to AD. NCT registration NCT04048759.
Experiences With Help Seeking Among Non-Service-Engaged Survivors of IPV: Survivors' Recommendations for Service Providers.

Engaging with formal intimate partner violence (IPV) services can buffer the impacts of violence and reduce future risk. Many survivors do not access or engage with such services. However, much of ...
The Consensual Assessment Technique: Refinement and Further Development

The chapter by Roni Reiter-Palmon details the extension and modification of the consensual assessment technique over the years it has been used in research. In her chapter she indicates that modifications were necessary due to the use of everyday problems and the lack of expert judges. She then provides information on the specific modifications such as the use of separate ratings for solution quality (usefulness) and originality (novelty) and rater training.
Looking Back, Looking Ahead: An Interview with Professor ZhaoHong Han

On April 8, 2021, we had the great pleasure of speaking over Zoom with Professor ZhaoHong Han, the founding editor of SALT, which was originally called Working Papers in TESOL and Applied Linguistics. In celebration of the journal’s 20thanniversary, we discussed the motivation and vision behind establishing a web journal, future directions, essential qualities of an outstanding original research article, and advice for early career scholars and graduate students who are starting out to get their work published in journals.
Joint degeneration in a mouse model of pseudoachondroplasia: ER stress, inflammation and autophagy blockage

Abstract Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a short limb skeletal dysplasia, associated with premature joint degeneration is caused by misfolding mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Here, we define mutant-COMP-induced stress mechanisms that occur in articular chondrocytes of MT-COMP mice, a murine model of PSACH. The accumulation of mutant-COMP in the ER occurred early in MT-COMP articular chondrocytes and stimulated inflammation (TNFα) at 4 wks. Articular chondrocyte death increased at 8 wks and ER stress through CHOP was elevated by 12 wks. Importantly, blockage of autophagy (pS6), the major mechanism which clears the ER, sustained cellular stress in MT-COMP articular chondrocytes. Degeneration of MT-COMP articular cartilage was similar to that observed in PSACH and was associated with increased MMPs, degradative enzymes. Moreover, chronic cellular stresses stimulated senescence. Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) may play a role in generating and propagating a pro-degradative environment in the MT-COMP murine joint. The loss of CHOP or resveratrol treatment from birth preserved joint health in MT-COMP mice. Taken together, these results indicate that ER stress/CHOP signaling and autophagy blockage are central to mutant-COMP joint degeneration and MT-COMP mice joint health can be preserved by decreasing articular chondrocyte stress. Future joint sparing therapeutics for PSACH may include resveratrol.
The traffic safety impacts of introducing transit service on urban freight corridors: A comparative examination of the Orlando SunRail and Charlotte Lynx systems

Abstract Studies of rail transit safety typically focus on collisions involving rail vehicles. Nonetheless, the introduction of new rail transit service on existing urban freight corridors may result in changes to the design and use of streets and intersections that influence the safety of other road users as well. This study examines the Orlando SunRail and Charlotte Lynx systems to understand how the introduction of transit service may influences the incidence of total and KAB crashes near transit stations and along at-grade rail intersections. Vehicle-pedestrian and rear-end collisions were found to significantly increase near new transit stations, and vehicle-pedestrian, vehicle-bicyclist, rear-end, and angle collisions significantly increased along at-grade intersections. An examination of satellite imagery for high-crash intersections show that these problems are particularly pronounced when located near multi-lane arterial thoroughfares. Signal placement, preemption, and clearance intervals appear to be major contributing factors, as does restricted sight distance on the approach to at-grade intersections.
Cloud-Kitchens in High-Density Cities: Economies of Scale Through Co-Location

Delivery platforms have recently ventured into "cloud kitchens" (also called ghost or virtual kitchens), which are delivery-only facilities, built typically in locations with high population density, that provide commercial space to multiple restaurant kitchens for preparing their menu items. A cloud kitchen's central location allows for better access to customers, enabling the delivery platform to provide a lower delivery-time guarantee to customers -- this increases profitability for both the delivery platform and the restaurants. A potential second advantage accrues from the ability of the delivery platform to consolidate its driver capacity if multiple restaurants co-locate at the cloud kitchen -- this increases the delivery platform's profitability as it can use the same set of drivers to deliver orders for multiple restaurants. Cloud kitchens, however, come with high rental costs that are directly passed down to the restaurants. We examine the conditions under which a cloud kitchen benefits the three primary stakeholders, namely, the delivery platform, the restaurants, and the customers. Our game-theoretic analysis is based on a stylized model consisting of two restaurants and a delivery platform. The two restaurants simultaneously decide whether to stay at their initial (extreme) locations or relocate to a cloud kitchen at a central location. Given the location decisions of the restaurants, the delivery platform decides the delivery-time guarantee for customers and the proportion of the market to serve. Our findings show that both the population density of the city and the economies of scale provided by the cloud kitchen play a significant role in driving the restaurants' location decisions. In line with current industry trends, we show that as the population density increases beyond a threshold, co-locating at the cloud kitchen is first a Pareto-dominant equilibrium for the restaurants and then the unique equilibrium. This equilibrium is also preferred by the delivery platform and the customers, leading to a win-win-win for all the stakeholders. If the population density is below the threshold, then we identify an interesting lever through which the delivery platform can incentivize the restaurants to move to the cloud kitchen.
Contention and Corporate Social Responsibility

This book examines anti-corporate activism in the United States, including analysis of anti-corporate challenges associated with social movements as diverse as the Civil Rights Movement and the Dolphin-safe Tuna Movement. Using a unique dataset of protest events in the United States, the book shows that anti-corporate activism is primarily about corporate policies, products, and negligence. Although activists have always been distrustful of corporations and sought to change them, until the 1970s and 1980s, this was primarily accomplished via seeking government regulation of corporations or via organized labor. Sarah A. Soule traces the shift brought about by deregulation and the decline in organized labor, which prompted activists to target corporations directly, often in combination with targeting the state. Using the literatures on contentious and private politics, which are both essential for understanding anti-corporate activism, the book provides a nuanced understanding of the changing focal points of activism directed at corporations.
Darien Prospects in Keats’s ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’

AbstractSince its initial publication in the pages of Leigh Hunt’s The Examiner, John Keats’s ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’ has elicited period- and field-defining criticism. Hunt printed the poem as an example of a ‘new school’ of poetry. John Gibson Lockhart’s famous response in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine framed its reception within a conservative personal attack that fixed the poem’s geo-historical and aesthetic prospects to its young author (an easier target). In this essay, I examine Keats’s ‘Chapman’s Homer’ sonnet as a reformulation of the eighteenth-century prospect poem. Highlighting the poem’s multiple prospects, its formal elements, as well as its deployment of aesthetic and cultural technologies, I identify Keats’s sonnet as a performative play of historical perspectives that mediate between the past, the present, and the future. The ‘Darien Prospects’ in ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’ offer readers multiple views from which to survey the imperial violence that structure...
Matrix Lie Groups

We begin with a very important class of groups, the general linear groups. The groups we will study in this book will all be subgroups (of a certain sort) of one of the general linear groups. This chapter makes use of various standard results from linear algebra that are summarized in Appendix B. This chapter also assumes basic facts and definitions from the theory of abstract groups; the necessary information is provided in Appendix A.
A prototype probe for direct measurement of the LWC in SLD clouds

This paper presents experimental results that were obtained with a prototype probe designed to measure liquid water content (LWC) in Appendix C and SLD icing cloud conditions. The LWC probe consisted of a total pressure probe, a water collector to trap' ingested water droplets, and a suction fan to provide a controlled volumetric airflow. Water droplets were collected isokinetically by the probe, and the LWC was determined from the water mass and volumetric air drawn into the probe. A water collector was developed that made use of a combination of hydrophobic fiber mesh, water adsorbent paper and desiccant materials to store the ingested water droplets. However, the water absorbed by the desiccant material was difficult to ascertain hence the dessicant material was removed from the water collector and a humidity sensor was installed inside the probe. The performance of the prototype probe was evaluated in a laboratory by injecting a known quantity of water directly into the probe inlet and comparing this to the amount adsorbed by the water collector. The results showed that the mean collection efficiency of the LWC probe was 92.1 ± 8.3% for an LWC range of 0.2 to 1.9 g/m 3 . A method for computing LWC from the relative humidity measurements inside the probe and the water collected by the water collector was developed and tested.
Information systems to support decision-making in construction owner organizations: a data warehousing approach

Construction organizations typically deal with large volumes of project data containing valuable information. It is found that these organizations do not use these data effectively for planning and decision-making. There are two reasons. First, the information systems in construction organizations are designed to support day-to-day construction operations. The data stored in these systems are often non-validated, non-integrated and are available in a format that makes it difficult for decision makers to use in order to make timely decisions. Second, the organizational structure and the IT infrastructure are often not compatible with the information systems thereby resulting in higher operational costs and lower productivity. These two issues have been investigated in this research with the objective of developing systems that are structured for effective decision-making. A framework was developed to guide storage and retrieval of validated and integrated data for timely decision-making and to enable construction organizations to redesign their organizational structure and IT infrastructure matched with information system capabilities. The research was focused on construction owner organizations that were continuously involved in multiple construction projects. Action research and Data warehousing techniques were used to develop the framework. One hundred and sixty-three construction owner organizations were surveyed in order to assess their data needs, data management practices and extent of use of information systems in planning and decision-making. For in-depth analysis, Miami-Dade Transit (MDT) was selected which is in-charge of all transportation-related construction projects in the Miami-Dade county. A functional model and a prototype system were developed to test the framework. The results revealed significant improvements in data management and decision-support operations that were examined through various qualitative (ease in data access, data quality, response time, productivity improvement, etc.) and quantitative (time savings and operational cost savings) measures. The research results were first validated by MDT and then by a representative group of twenty construction owner organizations involved in various types of construction projects.
Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arms: Design and Development

A wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) was designed and built to meet the needs of mobility-impaired persons with limitations of upper extremities, and to exceed the capabilities of current devices of this type. The mechanical design incorporates DC servo drive, with actuator hardware at each individual joint, allowing reconfigurable link lengths. It has seven degrees of freedom and uses a side mount on a power wheelchair. The control system allows coordinated Cartesian control, and offers expandability for future research, such as coordinated motion with the wheelchair itself. This paper discusses the current state of the art in WMRAs; describes the design goals and user requirements for this device; explains the component selection process; discusses details of the mechanical design, electrical system and low-level controller; covers manufacturing concerns; and describes the testing of the completed arm. Further improvements are also suggested
Controlling nonlinear systems through time delays: An automotive perspective

The paper considers the problem of controlling systems with time delay. Two examples from engine powertrain control are selected to illustrate different effects of time delay on the performance of the closed loop system. In the first example, the air-to-fuel ratio is measured with delay. A plot of an envelope for parameters of a PI controller shows the gain reduction imposed by the time delay. In the second example, the delayed term satisfies the matching condition in a nonlinear model of a turbocharged diesel engine. Input-output linearization and the Razumikhin Theorem are used to claim stability of the feedback system. In this case, gain reduction is not needed to preserve stability.
Chapter 25 Pulsed electrochemical detection of carbohydrates at noble metal electrodes following liquid chromatographic and electrophoretic separation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) of carbohydrates at noble metal electrodes following liquid chromatographic and electrophoretic separation. PED technology is developed to achieve the highly sensitive and reproducible detection of alditols, monosaccharides, and oligosaccharides at Au electrodes. Aldehyde and terminal alcohol moieties in carbohydrates can be detected with high sensitivity by oxidation at Au electrodes in alkaline media and at Pt electrodes under all pH conditions. The anodic response of these compounds is electrocatalytic in nature with the direct participation of the electrode surface within oxidation mechanisms. While all carbohydrates yield a PED response, only aldoses (reducing sugars) can be detected selectively because of the judicious choice of the detection potential within PED waveforms. The analytical impact of HPLC–PED can be appreciated on the basis of the recognition that (1) carbohydrates are polar compounds and therefore are not easily separated by gas chromatography (GC) and (2) these compounds are aliphatic without conjugated bonding and therefore are not easily detected by conventional photometric or fluorometric techniques without a priori derivatizations to attach chromophoric functional groups.
Logistic Considerations in Study Design for Biologic Drug–Drug Interaction Assessments

Due to the unique characteristics of biologics in pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity, some design parameters of therapeutic protein (TP)–drug interaction studies are different from those for small molecules. A risk-based drug–drug interaction assessment strategy for TPs should be implemented according to its risk factors, and appropriate study designs should be selected. The challenges and logistic considerations in study designs for TP–drug interactions are discussed in this chapter. Keywords: therapeutic proteins; drug-drug interactions; screening studies; estimation studies; dedicated studies; study design
Discovery of an M8.5 Dwarf with Proper Motion μ = 2.″38 per Year

We report the discovery of LSR 1826+3014, a very faint (V = 19.36) star with a very large proper motion (μ = 238 yr-1). A low-resolution red spectrum reveals that LSR 1826+3014 is an ultracool red dwarf with spectral type M8.5 V and with a radial velocity vrad = +77 ± 10 km s-1. LSR 1826+3014 is thus the faintest red dwarf ever discovered with a proper motion larger than 2'' yr-1. Optical and infrared photometry suggest that the star is at a distance d = 13.9 ± 3.5 pc from the Sun, which implies that it is moving relative to the local standard of rest with a total velocity of 175 ± 25 km s-1. The numerical integration of its orbit suggests that LSR 1826+3014 is on a halo-like Galactic orbit.
Modeling and simulating cyber-physical systems using CyPhySim

This paper describes an open-source simulator for cyber-physical systems called CyPhySim that is based on Ptolemy II. This simulator supports classical (Runge-Kutta) and quantized-state simulation of ordinary differential equations, modal models (hybrid systems), discrete-event models, the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) for model-exchange and co-simulation, discrete-time (periodic) systems, and algebraic loop solvers. CyPhySim provides a graphical editor, an XML file syntax for models, and an open API for programmatic construction of models. It includes an innovation called \smooth tokens," which allow for a blend of numerical and symbolic computation, and for certain kinds of system models, dramatically reducing the computation required for simulation.
G-quadruplex formation in double strand DNA probed by NMM and CV fluorescence

G-quadruplexes (GQs) are alternative DNA secondary structures that can form throughout the human genome and control the replication and transcription of important regulatory genes. Here, we established an ensemble fluorescence assay by employing two GQ-interacting compounds, N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) and Crystal Violet (CV). This enables quantitative measurement of the GQ folding propensity and conformation specificity in both single strand (ss) and double strand (ds) DNA. Our GQ mapping indicates that the likelihood of GQ formation is substantially diminished in dsDNA, likely due to the competition from the Watson–Crick base pairing. Unlike GQ folding sequence in ssDNA which forms both parallel and antiparallel GQs, dsDNA displays only parallel folding. Additionally, we employed single molecule FRET to obtain a direct quantitation of stably formed-, weakly folded and unfolded GQ conformations. The findings of this study and the method developed here will enable identifying and classifying potential GQ-forming sequences in human genome.
Passive Synthetic Aperture Hitchhiker Imaging of Ground Moving Targets—Part 1: Image Formation and Velocity Estimation

In the Part 1 of this two-part study, we present a method of imaging and velocity estimation of ground moving targets using passive synthetic aperture radar. Such a system uses a network of small, mobile receivers that collect scattered waves due to transmitters of opportunity, such as commercial television, radio, and cell phone towers. Therefore, passive imaging systems have significant cost, manufacturing, and stealth advantages over active systems. We describe a novel generalized Radon transform-type forward model and a corresponding filtered-backprojection-type image formation and velocity estimation method. We form a stack of position images over a range of hypothesized velocities, and show that the targets can be reconstructed at the correct position whenever the hypothesized velocity is equal to the true velocity of targets. We then use entropy to determine the most accurate velocity and image pair for each moving target. We present extensive numerical simulations to verify the reconstruction method. Our method does not require a priori knowledge of transmitter locations and transmitted waveforms. It can determine the location and velocity of multiple targets moving at different velocities. Furthermore, it can accommodate arbitrary imaging geometries. In Part 2, we present the resolution analysis and analysis of positioning errors in passive SAR images due to erroneous velocity estimation.
Computerized evaluation of electroencephalographic changes accompanying exchange transfusion in Reye's syndrome.

Abstract The EEGs of 7 children with Reye's syndrome (fatty liver and encephalopathy) were continuously recorded on magnetic tape for times ranging from 12 to 80 h. During these times the major therapy consisted of exchange blood transfusions. The tapes were automatically processed on a LINC-8 computer using a peak-detection algorithm. The main parameters investigated were the delta and theta indices, the mean EEG frequency, the mean peak-to-peak amplitude, and the frequency versus amplitude characteristics of the delta waves. In 5 patients who responded to therapy, a marked decrease in the delta activity and an increase in mean frequency were noted subsequent to exchange transfusions. In all 5 cases the delta waves exhibited a similar pattern of decreasing amplitude and increasing frequency following therapy. However, in 2 patients with a fatal outcome, no favorable EEG response was observed during treatment, and a simultaneous decline in both delta frequency and delta amplitude was noted as the clinical condition worsened. The results of this study indicate that continuous EEG monitoring in Reye's syndrome may be an important clinical adjunct in evaluating the effectiveness of exchange transfusion therapy and in signaling the need for further treatment.
Intraoperative choroidal hemorrhage in the Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome who developed a nonsimultaneous intraoperative choroidal hemorrhage in each eye. METHOD: Interventional case report. A 65-year-old Caucasian woman with Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome developed a choroidal hemorrhage in the left eye during vitrectomy for a complicated retinal detachment with a poor visual outcome. Fifteen years later, she developed a macula on retinal detachment in the right eye, which also had a dense cataract. Immediately after uncomplicated phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation, under monitored anesthesia care and retrobulbar block, and without valsalva stress, ophthalmoscopy demonstrated a choroidal hemorrhage. A planned scleral buckle was replaced by pneumatic retinopexy. RESULTS: Seven months postoperatively, the retina remained attached with resolution of the choroidal hemorrhage. Visual acuity was 20/30. CONCLUSION: Choroidal hemorrhage may occur more commonly in individuals with Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome. Recognition of this possible association and institution of appropriate intraoperative precautions may facilitate a good visual outcome.
Growth Outcomes of Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Long-term Considerations

Abstract Promoting growth is an important aspect of the management of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. However, this proves to be a difficult challenge. Most preterm infants have discharge weights less than the 10th percentile resulting in extrauterine growth retardation. Growth during the neonatal intensive care unit stay is associated with long-term outcomes. Slow growth velocity is associated with altered neurodevelopmental outcomes. There is increasing concern that strategies to improve growth are resulting in altered fat mass deposition and placing the infant at increased risk for the later development of clinical indications of metabolic syndrome. The minimal evidence available lends support to this hypothesis. Future research is needed to develop strategies that improve growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes while limiting the risk of metabolic syndrome.
Theory application by school-based occupational therapists

Objectives Recent literature indicates that there is an inconsistent use of theory to guide clinical actions by occupational therapists, including those working in pediatrics. The purpose of this study was to describe school-based therapists' theory application by collecting information about what frames of reference they used and why. Method Of the 72 school-based therapists in the mid-Atlantic states who agreed to respond to a questionnaire, 51 (70.8%) returned the questionnaire. Information about demographics, what frames of reference were used, and why they were used was obtained from the questionnaire. Results Respondents reported using a multitheoretical approach, with sensory integration theory and neurodevelopmental theory being the predominate frames of reference applied but not the only ones used. The frames of reference were used on the basis of several factors, including the children's needs and the respondent's education. Conclusion Formal and continuing education seems to have a great effect on school-based occupational therapists as they develop their personal conceptual frameworks.
Investigating the Roles of Neighborhood Environments and Housing-based Social Support in the Relocation of Persons Made Homeless by Hurricane Katrina

This study examined whether social support tied to relocation efforts and neighborhood social climate may mediate the effects of stressful life events on mental health outcomes following Hurricane Katrina. Participants were 108 adult persons made homeless by Hurricane Katrina and evacuated to Columbia, SC. Civic leaders developed an intervention model that emphasized (a) a one-stop point of entry, (b) living in hotels and apartments rather than shelters, and (c) matching hotels with volunteer “hosts” to assist in relocation efforts. Results revealed that perceived neighborhood factors and satisfaction with host relationship were related to several mental health outcomes. Neighborhood social climate partially mediated several mental health outcomes. Implications of this intervention model and the utility of social ecological perspectives on homelessness interventions are discussed.
Metabolic complications secondary to obstruction of a kock pouch afferent limb

Abstract Metabolic complications are frequently seen following urinary diversion with an intestinal segment. Afferent limb complications are noted in 10% of patients undergoing continent Kock urinary diversion. We present a patient with cloacal exstrophy who developed significant hypocalcemic tetany and metabolic acidosis related to a nondraining afferent limb of a Kock pouch created to achieve continence.
The Emergent Evaluation and Treatment of Hand Injuries

The hand is especially prone to traumatic injury. Some sources indicate that injuries to the hand account for somewhere between 10% and 30% of patients treated in emergency care settings. Fractures are the most common injury, followed by tendon injury, then skin lesions. Because the mechanism of injury often results in damage to multiple tissue structures, a detailed history and evaluation are vital to properly identifying and managing these injuries. This article provides the emergency physician with tools to identify and manage orthopedic injuries to the hand.
Testosterone exacerbates obstructive renal injury by stimulating TNF-α production and increasing proapoptotic and profibrotic signaling

Upper urinary tract obstruction is a common cause of renal dysfunction in children and adults. While there is clinical evidence of an increased male incidence and mortality rate with acute renal fa...
Problems of China's Rural Labor Markets and Rural-Urban Migration

Problems of China’s Rural Labor Markets and Rural-Urban Migration* Belton M. Fleisher Ohio State University and Dennis Tao Yang Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Center for China in the World Economy, Tsinghua University October 2005 * We would like to thank Nicholas Hope, John Pencavel, Xiaojun Wang, and participants in Stanford conference on China’s Market Reforms and 2004 Chinese Economists Society meetings for valuable comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this paper.
Comparison of 49 Laparoscopic Myomectomies with 49 Open Myomectomies

Abstract Study Objectives . To compare the results of open myomectomy with those of laparoscopic myomectomy, and to assess complications, surgical results, total hospital cost, and morbidity associated with each procedure. Design . Retrospective chart review. Setting . Private practice of one surgeon, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois. Patients . Ninety-eight women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata. Interventions . Forty-nine consectuve laparoscopic myomectomies were performed between 1993 and 1995, and 49 open myomectomies were performed between 1983 and 1995. Measurements and Main Results . Indications for both procedures were similar, including menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, and enlarging myomata. Mean operating time for open myomectomies was 133 minutes versus 264 minutes for laparoscopies (p Conclusions . Compared with open myomectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy had lower morbidity, no identifiable trend of increasing hospital cost, minimal hospital stay, and fewer complications.
The Physiological Significance of p27KIP1 Expression in Detrusor Function

Purpose: Bladder outlet obstruction results in smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, decreased bladder wall compliance, and lower and upper urinary tract pathology. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 regulates bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation in response to bladder outlet obstruction but little is known about its physiological role in the bladder. We investigated the role of p27KIP1 in the structure and function of the detrusor layer of the bladder wall.Materials and Methods: We used immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to examine cell cycle regulation in response to increased mechanical tension in an in vitro model of tension induced smooth muscle cell proliferation and an in vivo model of bladder outlet obstruction. We compared unobstructed bladders of p27+/+ and p27−/− mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine) structurally by histological staining and functionally by in vivo cystometric measurements of bladder capacity, detrusor compliance and detrusor leak...
Automated Mode-of-Action Detection by Metabolic Profiling

Rapid classification and identification of the mode-of-action of bioactive compounds applied to plants can be achieved by a robust and easy-to-use metabolic-profiling method. This method uses artificial neural network analysis of one-dimensional proton NMR spectra of aqueous plant extracts to rapidly classify changes in the total metabolic profile caused by application of crop protection chemicals.
Finale allegro, accelerando: revisitando a errata de "A saída"

A reinterpretation of a proclamation by the narrator of Dom Casmurro; instead of taking chapter XCVII at face value as an erratum, I suggest that, rather than constituting a rupture, it constitutes one manifestation of a larger phenomenon within Machado’s works, ushering in and hastening the work’s end. If we agree with the old tenor Marcolini that life is an opera, then, we might label this gesture a “finale allegro”.
A RAPID METHOD FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX1

IT IS apparent to investigators interested in the physiology, pharmacology, or physiological chemistry of the adrenal cortical hormones that a rapid method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hormonal secretions of the adrenal cortex would be of considerable value. It is the purpose of this communication to describe such a procedure and to present preliminary data resulting from the application of these techniques. experimental For this particular study, dogs were chosen for the experimental animal. The dogs were sacrificed by an intracardiac injection of a lethal dose of nembutal. The adrenal glands were quickly removed and placed in ice. After removing the connective tissue and fat, the tissues were blotted, weighed, and slices prepared with a Stadie slicer. An aliquot was reserved for nitrogen analysis. The remainder of the slices were incubated in a large Warburg flask containing 20 ml. of the animal’s own serum along with 10 mg.
Analysis of Erythromycin II. Determination of Erythromycin in Human Blood Serum by Competitive Displacement of [14C]-Erythromycin from E. Coli Ribosomes

Abstract A sensitive and selective method for the determination of erythromycin in human blood serum, in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 μg/ml, is described. The procedure is based on extraction of drug into ether and competitive displacement of [14C]-erythromycin from E. coli ribosomes. The method provides accurate, precise and rapid analyses and should be readily adaptable to bioavailability studies with erythromycin and its salts in man.
Assessing risk for the Tourette spectrum of disorders among first‐degree relatives of probands with Tourette syndrome

Previous studies have indicated that genetic investigations of Tourette syndrome (TS) should focus on a phenotype that includes not only TS, but chronic tics (CT) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as well. These studies have shown that sex may play a role in determining which of the disorders in the TS spectrum is expressed in a susceptible individual. Female relatives of TS probands far more often express OCD, while male relatives more often express TS or CT. Data from the Yale Family Study of TS were used to model risk to first-degree relatives of probands with TS for a variety of TS disease phenotypes. Risk to relatives was modeled using multivariate Cox regression analysis, a method appropriate for assessing risk when there is correlation among disease onsets. This is the first known application of this method to family data. The study identified two proband characteristics that increase the risk for disease onset among both male and female relatives for all TS spectrum disorders, lending credence to the hypothesis that TS spectrum disorders share a common etiology. These were a relatively younger age-at-onset, and no experience of simple motor tics. The predictive ability of two additional factors varied by both sex and disease phenotype. These characteristics, i.e., proband onset with compulsive tics, and proband onset with range, appear to increase risk primarily in female relatives, and for the OCD part of the spectrum.
Primed in situ DNA amplification (PIDA).

A novel PCR in situ protocol is described which can be implemented in one day. An initial amplification step with a single primer pair is followed by an amplification with an internal oligonucleotide probe with labeled nucleotides (dig-dUTP). Detection is then accomplished with an antidigoxigenin antibody and substrate solution. This rapid and sensitive method may be useful in diagnosing low copy DNA in tissue specimens and cells. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
The accuracy of a Goddard TOPEX gravity model as seen by independent resonant data

Abstract A recent satellite geopotential (Goddard Earth Model T1; Marsh, 1986, EOS67, 909) has been derived from almost 800,000 precise tracking observations (laser ranges, optical positions and doppler range rates) to 17 spacecraft. This model was designed principally to minimize radial orbit errors on the forthcoming altimeter bearing ocean TOPography Experimental satellite TOPEX. The largest geopotential component of this error (over weekly data arcs) is estimated to arise from a 13th order resonance with a period of 3 days on the 127 revs per 10 day TOPEX orbit. This orbit is not near one of the 17 in the GEM T1 solution. To assess the reliability of the resonances predicted by the new model, 240 geopotential constraints derived from independent (mostly deep) resonant orbits have been examined (orders 2 and 9 through 15). Comparisons of these data with Gem T1 are generally superior to comparisons with all previous models from satellite data only. However, the error calibration results are considerably more variable than for past Goddard models. Using a single constant to scale the covariance matrix of Gem T1, these comparisons show that the new solution has probably improved the geopotential in the higher orders by about 25% overall to degree 36 from the best previous model Gem L2 (Lerch et al., 1982, Geophys. Res. Lett. 9, 1263). If this scale is valid for the significant m daily effects of low orders as well (and there is some evidence for it using 24-h satellite accelerations), TOPEX radial errors using Gem T1 (for weekly tracking arcs) will be (at best) in the neighborhood of 43 cm (r.m.s.).
Right-Handed Neutrinos as the Dark Radiation: Status and Forecasts for the LHC

Abstract Precision data from cosmology (probing the CMB decoupling epoch) and light-element abundances (probing the BBN epoch) have hinted at the presence of extra relativistic degrees of freedom, the so-called “dark radiation.” We present a model independent study to account for the dark radiation by means of the right-handed partners of the three, left-handed, standard model neutrinos. We show that milli-weak interactions of these Dirac states (through their coupling to a TeV-scale Z ′ gauge boson) may allow the ν R ʼs to decouple much earlier, at a higher temperature, than their left-handed counterparts. If the ν R ʼs decouple during the quark–hadron crossover transition, they are considerably cooler than the ν L ʼs and contribute less than 3 extra “equivalent neutrinos” to the early Universe energy density. For decoupling in this transition region, the 3 ν R generate Δ N ν = 3 ( T ν R / T ν L ) 4 3 , extra relativistic degrees of freedom at BBN and at the CMB epochs. Consistency with present constraints on dark radiation permits us to identify the allowed region in the parameter space of Z ′ masses and couplings. Remarkably, the allowed region is within the range of discovery of LHC14.
CAN A SINGLE AGB STAR FORM AN AXIALLY SYMMETRIC PLANETARY NEBULA

We apply a method, which is traditionally used for the solar magnetic field, to estimate the magnetic activity of AGB stars. We find that any magnetic-field model which tries to explain axisymmetrical mass loss from single AGB stars encounters severe difficulties. This order-of-magnitude calculation suggests that magnetic activity in AGB stars could be significant only if the envelope is spun up by a binary companion. We conduct a preliminary study of a possible mechanism by which a single star might lose mass axisymmetrically. The results suggest that as the envelope mass of an AGB star decreases to less than or approximately equal to 1 solar mass the nature of the fundamental mode excitation could damage. It is possible that, due to the same mechanism, higher-order radial modes and nonradial p modes could become significant to the mass-loss process when the envelope mass becomes very low. We argue, however, that even this mechanism, if it works, requires a binary companion to spin up the AGB envelope.
A new look at climate equity in the UNFCCC

Equity has been at the core of the global climate debate since its inception over two decades ago, yet the current negotiations toward an international climate agreement in 2015 provide a new and c...
ATP-dependent dissociation of non-disulfide-linked aggregates of coagulation factor VIII is a rate-limiting step for secretion.

Deficiency in coagulation factor VIII leads to the bleeding disorder hemophilia A. Previous studies demonstrated that factor VIII secretion is limited due to an ATP-requiring step early in the secretory pathway. In this report, we identified that this ATP-dependent rate-limiting step involves the dissociation of non-disulfide-linked aggregates within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In contrast to the numerous examples of interchain disulfide-linked aggregates, factor VIII is the first protein characterized to form non-disulfide-linked high molecular weight aggregates within the ER. Approximately a third of newly synthesized factor VIII was detected in high molecular weight aggregates. These aggregates disappeared over time as functional factor VIII appeared in the medium. The aggregated complexes did not require proteasomal degradation for clearance. Aggregate formation was enhanced by ATP depletion, and upon restoration of metabolic energy, these aggregates were dissociated and secreted. With the coexpre...
Gerontological nursing 1982.

Gerontological nursing has lain almost dormant in academia like a sleeping giant waiting its turn for nurses’ attention. The burgeoning elderly population forecast by sociologists, and their corresponding health care needs, forecast by gerontological nursing pioneers, has arrived. Full credit is given to those faculty members and nurses in practice and other positions, who for the past twenty years have kept lighted the lamp of enlightened gerontological nursing, hoping that its illumination will ignite complacent colleagues previously inattentive to the inevitable coming flood of elderly people needing nursing care. Since 1966, when the American Nurses’ Association declared gerontological nursing a specialty, faculties in schools of nursing have made sporadic attempts to prepare themselves and their students in this specialty. Concurrently, the aged population has exploded to the magnitude predicted by the demographers. This paper will review the present status in the nursing of the aged with implications for planning based on statistically demonstrated need and within the context of nursing’s responsibilities. Five issues to be examined include educational needs of faculty, the number of nurses prepared in gerontological nursing, consumer needs of the aged as indicated by demographic studies of the health status of the aged, identification of factors facilitating or inhibiting the professional advancement of gerontological nursing faculty members including employment availability for such faculty by deans or directors of schools of nursing, and identifying guidelines for the knowledge upon which gerontological nursing is based. The demography of the aged and their health status The United States is experiencing a growing urgency related to the health care of its aged. The over-65 population constitutes an increasing proportion of the country’s population. Specifically, the over-65 population now comprises about 25 million, approximately 12%, of the total population. By the year 2030 this age group will contain a predicted 50 million people, over 18% of the total population. Moreover, the over-75 age group has increased even more rapidly than the 65-74 age group. While all the aged share some problems, the over-75 are most vulnerable to the physical, mental and social assaults that lead to the need for nursing care. In 1975 the over-75 age group represented
Kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase of Neurospora crassa.

Abstract 1. 1.|The kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase (ATP: d -fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) extracted from Neurospora crassa were studied to determine their role in the regulation of glycolysis. 2. 2.|The relationship between concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate and the phosphofructokinase activity is characterized by sigmoidal kinetics at physiological levels of this substrate. This effect was observed at different levels of ATP concentration. Plots of log ( υ / υ max — υ ) against log [fructose 6-phosphate] indicated a cooperative effect of this substrate on phosphofructokinase at lower ATP concentrations. 3. 3.|At a fixed fructose 6-phosphate concentration of 1 mM, the increase of ATP from zero to 0.8 mM was accompanied by a rapid rise in phosphofructokinase activity to a maximum. Further increase in the concentration of this substrate was paralleled by a sharp drop in the enzyme activity. 4. 4.|These results suggest that phosphofructokinase could indeed play a key role in the regulation of glycolysis in Neurospora crassa .
Engineering a metal binding site within a polytopic membrane protein, the lactose permease of Escherichia coli.

Site-directed excimer fluorescence indicates that Glu269 (helix VIII) and His322 (helix X) in the lactose permease of Escherichia coli lie in close proximity [Jung, K., Jung, H., Wu, J., Prive, G.G., & Kaback, H.R. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 12273]. In this study, Glu269 was replaced with His in wild-type permease, leading to the presence of bis-His residues between helices VIII and X. Wild-type and Glu269-->His permease containing a biotin acceptor domain were purified by monomeric avidin affinity chromatography, and binding of Mn2+ was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The amplitude of the Mn2+ EPR spectrum is reduced by the Glu269-->His mutant, while no change is observed in the presence of wild-type permease. The Glu269-->His mutant contains a single binding site for Mn2+ with a KD of about 43 microM, and Mn2+ binding is pH dependent with no binding at pH 5.0, stoichiometric binding at pH 7.5, and a midpoint at about pH 6.3. The results confirm the conclusion that helices VIII and X are closely opposed in the tertiary structure of lac permease and provide a novel approach for studying helix proximity, as well as solvent accessibility, in polytopic membrane proteins.
Novices' knowledge construction of difficult concepts in CS1

This cognitive study examines how students come to know and apply what they learn in a CS1 course. Students were asked to solve problems involving three difficult concepts in CS1 in clinical interviews. Data show diverse forms of knowledge (automatic, associate, and conceptual) and their application (need to code, generalizing, and efficiency) in problem solving. This study was funded by the SIGCSE Special Projects grant.