cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data-driven modeling of zebrafish behavioral response to acute caffeine administration

Over the last thirty years, we have witnessed a dramatic rise in the use of zebrafish in preclinical research. Every year, more than 5000 technical papers are published about zebrafish, many of them seeking to explain the underpinnings of anxiety through animal testing. In-silico experiments could significantly contribute to zebrafish research and welfare, by offering new means to support the 3Rs principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement. Here, we propose a data-driven modeling framework to predict the anxiety-related behavioral response of zebrafish to acute caffeine administration. The modeling framework unfolds along a two-time-scale dichotomy to capture freezing behavior along a slow temporal scale and burst-and-coast locomotion at a fast time-scale. Anchored in the theory of Markov chains and stochastic differential equations, we demonstrate a parsimonious, yet robust, modeling framework to accurately simulate experimental observations of zebrafish treated at different caffeine concentrations. Our results complement recent modeling efforts, laying the foundations for conducting in-silico experiments in zebrafish behavioral pharmacology.
Medicare for all or medicare for none? A macroeconomic analysis of healthcare reform

Abstract In this study, I develop a novel general equilibrium life cycle model composed of finitely-lived households that differ according to age, skill level, and access to employer-provided health insurance. After introducing a “Medicare for all” health insurance system to the model, I examine how the welfare response to this policy change will differ according to household characteristics. Then, I compare this system to a completely privatized health insurance system that achieves universal health insurance coverage through the creation of utilization-based premium subsidies. In general, both systems tend to improve the welfare of young households at the expense of old households. However, when using average value-of-life as the primary measure of welfare, Medicare for all either benefits unskilled households at the expense of skilled households, or makes both worse off. In contrast, the privatized system improves the average value-of-life of all household groups, regardless of skill level or prior access to employer-provided health insurance.
Scalable, Alternating Narrow Stripes of Polyvinyl Alcohol Support and Unmodified PEDOT:PSS with Maintained Conductivity Using a Single-Step Slot Die Coating Approach

Slot die coating has been established as an economical approach for deposition of parallel narrow stripes, a constituent pattern feature in many printed device applications. However, the minimum fe...
DEVELOPMENT OF A DECISION AID FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH NON ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Many patients hospitalized with NSTEMI are older adults (age ≥75), in whom coronary angiography confers higher risks. Our goal was to develop a decision aid (DA) to assist with shared decision making (SDM) between cardiologists and patients. We performed qualitative interviews in 20 patients (
[AG429] Elemental Sulfur Recommendations for Sugarcane on Florida Organic Soils

Micronutrient deficiencies can be important limiting factors in alkaline soils, with most micronutrients becoming less available for plant uptake as soil pH increases. This 6-page document is intended primarily for Florida sugarcane growers but may also be useful to researchers and others interested in sugarcane nutrition. It presents revised elemental sulfur recommendations for sugarcane grown on Florida organic soils along with supporting information. Written by J. Mabry McCray, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, February 2019. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag429
Camilla Stevens, Aquí and Allá: Transnational Dominican Theater and Performance

Camilla Stevens’s book Aqui and Alla: Transnational Dominican Theater and Performance focuses on the transnational experience of Dominican theatre and performance artists both on the island and in ...
Heterogeneity of Neuronal Populations Within Columns of Primate V1 Revealed by High-Density Recordings

Abstract Primary visual cortex (V1) has been the focus of extensive neurophysiological investigation, and its laminar organization provides a key exemplar of the functional logic of neocortical microcircuits. Using newly developed high-density, linear array probes, we measured visual responses from large populations of simultaneously recorded neurons distributed across layers of macaque V1. In single recordings, myriad differences in the functional properties of neuronal subpopulations could be observed. In particular, we found that although standard measurements of orientation selectivity yielded only minor differences between laminar compartments, decoding of stimulus orientation from layer 4C responses was superior to that of both superficial and deep layers within the same cortical column. The superior orientation discrimination within layer 4C was associated with greater response reliability of individual neurons rather than lower correlated activity with neuronal populations. The results demonstrate the utility of high-density electrophysiology in revealing the functional organization and network properties of neocortical microcircuits in single experiments.
Research on Man-Machine Interaction Architecture of Next Generation Dispatching System in Power Grid

In order to enhance the support capacity of integrated control of large power grid, unified consumption of clean energy and coordinated interaction of source-grid-load, the State Grid proposed the construction of next generation of grid dispatching system. The core feature of the next generation system is “physical distribution and logical unity”, and the user oriented man-machine subsystem is an important link. This paper analyzes the function and performance requirements of the next generation of human machine subsystem, and proposes a lightweight human-computer cloud terminal interaction architecture oriented to micro-service based on the idea of separating the front and rear ends of the Internet. The software architecture of the system and the hardware network architecture supporting horizontal expansion are elaborated in depth. The design architecture can effectively reduce the requirements for terminal hardware, and can adapt to the different terminals such as tablet computer and mobile phones, and can meet the requirements of the next generation system for human-computer “location independent, simultaneous display, and authority constraint”.
Higher-order Link Prediction Using Triangle Embeddings

Higher-order structures, like triangles, in networks provide rich information about a network. Usually, the focus is on pairwise interactions that are modeled as edges. However, many interactions may actually involve more than two nodes simultaneously. For example, social interactions often occur in groups of people, research collaborations are among more than two authors, and biological networks describe interactions of a group of proteins. Predicting the occurrence of such higher-order structures helps us solve problems in various disciplines, such as social network analysis, drug combinations research, and news topic connections.The primary focus of this paper is to explore representations of three-node interactions, called triangles (a special case of higher-order structures) in order to predict higher-order links. We propose new methods to embed triangles by generalizing the node2vec algorithm under different operators, by using 1-hop subgraphs in the the graph2vec algorithm, and in graph neural networks. The performance of these techniques is evaluated against some benchmark scores on various datasets used in the bibliography. From the results, it is observed that our node2vec based triangle embedding method performs better or similar on most of the datasets compared to previous models.
Research tool for classifying Gulf War illness using survey responses: Lessons for writing replicable algorithms for symptom-based conditions.

Abstract Aims Gulf War illness (GWI), a chronic symptom-based disorder, affects up to 30% of Veterans who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War1. Because no diagnostic test or code for GWI exists, researchers typically determine case status using self-reported symptoms and conditions according to Kansas2 and CDC3 criteria. No validated algorithm has been published and case definitions have varied slightly by study. This paper aims to standardize the application of the original CDC and Kansas case definitions by defining a framework for writing reliable code for complex case definitions, implementing this framework on a sample of 1343 Gulf War Veterans (GWVs), and validating the framework by applying the code to a sample of 41,077 GWVs. Main methods Methods were drawn from software engineering: write pseudocode, write test cases, and write code; then test code. Code was examined for accuracy, flexibility, replicability, and reusability. Key findings The pseudocode promoted understanding of the planned algorithm, encouraging discussion and leading to agreement on the case definition algorithms among all team members. The completed SAS code was written for and tested in the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository (GWECB)4. This code was adapted and tested in the Million Veteran Program (MVP)5. The code was documented for reproducibility and reusability. Significance Ease of reuse suggests that this method could be used to standardize the application of other case definitions, reducing time and resources spent by each study team. Documentation, code, and test cases are available through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Phenomics catalog6.
PiRATeMC: A highly flexible, scalable, and affordable system for obtaining high quality video recordings for behavioral neuroscience

With the recent development and rapidly accelerating adoption of machine-learning based rodent behavioral tracking tools such as DeepLabCut, one common variable that can impact the quality and consistency of results is the camera system. Many experimenters use webcams, GoPros, or other commercially available cameras that are not only relatively expensive, but offer very little flexibility over recording parameters. These cameras are not optimized for recording many types of behavioral experiments, which can lead to suboptimal video quality. Furthermore, it is a challenge, if not impossible, to synchronize multiple cameras with each other, or to send/receive a trigger with external signals such as a TTL pulse or a network connection. We have developed an affordable ecosystem of behavioral recording equipment, PiRATeMC (Pi-based Remote Acquisition Technology for Motion Capture), that relies on Raspberry Pi Camera Boards that are ideal for recording in both bright light, low light, and dark conditions under infrared light. PiRATeMC offers users control over nearly every recording parameter. This setup can easily be scaled up and synchronously controlled in clusters via a self-contained network to record a large number of simultaneous behavioral sessions without burdening institutional network infrastructure. Furthermore, the Raspberry Pi is an excellent platform for novice and inexperienced programmers interested in using an open-source recording system, with a large online community that is very active in developing novel open-source tools. Moreover, it easily interfaces with Arduinos and other microcontrollers, allowing simple synchronization and interfacing of video recording with nearly any behavioral equipment using GPIO pins to send or receive 3.3V or 5V signals, I2C, or serial communication.
Anteromedial Tibial Tubercle Transfer

Anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer (also called anteriorization of the tibial tubercle or AMZ) is most useful for unloading symptomatic patellofemoral articular lesions on the lateral and distal aspect of the patella while centering patella tracking [1]. The classic patient who benefits from anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer has Ficat’s “excessive lateral pressure syndrome (ELPS) [2].” A patient who has had long-standing lateral tracking of the patella with overload of the lateral facet generally breaks down the articular cartilage of the lateral patella and trochlear facets (Fig. 20.1), sometimes resulting in chronic pain. The typical pattern also breaks down distal patella articular damage as the patella courses from an abnormally lateral position in extension across the proximal lateral trochlea in early flexion, breaking down distal as well as lateral articular cartilage. Fortunately, the vast majority of patients with this aberration also are left with intact medial patella articular cartilage, particularly on the more proximal aspect of the medial patella.
Plant Growth Retardant Application to Achillea x ‘Coronation Gold’ and Gaura lindheimeri ‘Corrie's Gold’

Abstract In two experiments conducted under nursery conditions in 1998 and 1999, the herbaceous perennials, Achillea x ‘Coronation Gold’ and Gaura lindheimeri ‘Corrie's Gold’ were treated with one of four plant growth retardants (PGRs): B-Nine at 2,500, 5,000, or 7,500 ppm; Bonzi at 33, 66, or 99 ppm; Cutless at 50, 100, or 150 ppm; Pistill at 500 or 1,000 ppm; or left untreated. Only Pistill delayed flowering of achillea while Bonzi and Cutless accelerated flowering of achillea. In 1998, B-Nine provided little growth suppression of achillea; however in 1999, when plants were pruned just prior to treatment and thus less reproductively developed, height at the most effective concentration of 7,500 ppm was reduced 33% compared to untreated plants over the duration of the experiment. At the most effective concentration of 99 ppm, Bonzi retarded growth 15% and 31%, over the duration of the experiment, while Cutless at 150 ppm suppressed growth 21% and 46% in 1998 and 1999, respectively, compared to an untreat...
Squamous cell carcinoma arising from ovarian mature cystic teratoma and causing small bowel obstruction

Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is a rare phenomenon with incidence of approximately 1-3%. We report a 48-year-old woman who presented to the emergency room with symptoms of bowel obstruction. She underwent computed tomography scan for the evaluation of obstruction, which demonstrated diffuse ascites accompanying a cystic pelvic to lower abdominal mass which had invaded into the adjacent small bowel causing partial small bowel obstruction. Histologically, the mass demonstrated a MCT within which aroused a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to confirm the diagnosis and debulking of the mass was performed.
Sublingual branchiogenic cyst: Report of a case

Abstract The nomenclature and derivation of the branchial cyst are not clear. One interesting new proposal is that these cysts are “in reality, cystic lymph nodes.” 15 Most of the branchial cysts reported in the literature have occurred in the neck region. A branchial cyst in the superficial part of the floor of the mouth is not frequently encountered.
Vertical Vibration Analysis of Suspension Bridges

A method of analysis is outlined for free vertical vibrations of suspension bridges. The method employs a digital computer and a finite element approach, and uses a linearized theory which restricts the amplitudes of vibrations to be small. The analysis is designed to determine the natural frequencies, modes of vibration, and energy storage capacities of the different members of the bridge. Both symmetric and antisymmetric modes of vibrations are considered. For the symmetric modes (which include additional vibrational cable tension), it is shown that it is imperative to include the elasticity of the cables if correct solutions are to be obtained. A detailed numerical example, which includes the effect of the extensibility of the cables and the elasticity of the towers, is presented and the results are examined by a comparison between measured and computed natural frequencies and mode shapes of a real bridge; the comparison shows good agreement.
The ferrous iron transporter FtrABCD is required for the virulence of Brucella abortus 2308 in mice

Summary Iron transport has been linked to the virulence of Brucella strains in both natural and experimental hosts. The genes designated BAB2_0837–0840 in the Brucella abortus 2308 genome sequence are predicted to encode a CupII-type ferrous iron transporter homologous to the FtrABCD transporter recently described in Bordetella. To study the role of the Brucella FtrABCD in iron transport, an isogenic ftrA mutant was constructed from B. abortus 2308. Compared with the parental strain, the B. abortus ftrA mutant displays a decreased capacity to use non-haem iron sources in vitro, a growth defect in a low iron medium that is enhanced at pH 6, and studies employing radiolabelled FeCl3 confirmed that FtrABCD transports ferrous iron. Transcription of the ftrA gene is induced in B. abortus 2308 in response to iron deprivation and exposure to acid pH, and similar to other Brucella iron acquisition genes that have been examined the iron-responsiveness of ftrA is dependent upon the iron response regulator Irr. The B. abortus ftrA mutant exhibits significant attenuation in both cultured murine macrophages and experimentally infected mice, supporting the proposition that ferrous iron is a critical iron source for these bacteria in the mammalian host.
Agonist-Dependent Phosphorylation of the Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Receptor†

Native PTH/PTHrP receptors in ROS 17/2.8 cells are downregulated after PTH treatment. Since downregulation may involve receptor phosphorylation, we examined PTH/PTHrP receptor phosphorylation in ROS 17/2.8 cells and we mapped the agonist-induced phosphorylation sites using recombinant PTH/PTHrP receptors expressed in LLCPK-1 and COS-7 cells. The data show that the PTH/PTHrP receptor is rapidly phosphorylated in ROS 17/2.8 cells with a maximum occurring at 20 min. The phosphorylation was dose-dependent; it occurred with PTH concentrations that are known to downregulate the PTH/PTHrP receptor in ROS 17/2.8 cells. The time course and the dose requirement for phosphorylation were similar in ROS 17/2.8 cells, which express native PTH/PTHrP receptors, and in LLCPK-1 cells stably transfected with the PTH/PTHrP receptor cDNA. PTH/PTHrP receptor phosphorylation in ROS 17/2.8, COS-7, and LLCPK-1 cells was also stimulated with forskolin and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Additionally, in LLCPK-1 cells, which express native clacitonin receptors, PTH/PTHrP receptor phosphorylation was stimulated by calcitonin. These data suggest involvement of second messenger-stimulated kinases in PTH/PTHrP receptor phosphorylation. However, staurosporine, which fully blocked the effects of PMA, forskolin, and clacitonin, partially decreased the effects of PTH on PTH/PTHrP receptor phosphorylation. These data indicate involvement of other kinase(s) in PTH-induced PTH/PTHrP receptor phosphorylation. CNBr cleavage of recombinant receptors expressed in COS-7 cells combined with site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the phosphorylated residues of the PTH/PTHrP receptor map to two regions of the carboxyl-terminal tail located between residues A480 and M499 and residues M499 and M553. These data indicate that the PTH/PTHrP receptor is phosphorylated after PTH stimulation on two regions of the carboxyl-terminal tail and that agonist-dependent phosphorylation involves both staurosporine-sensitive and -insensitive kinases.
Multiple Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Sites of Inhibitory Modulation by Myomodulin at ARC Neuromuscular Junctions ofAplysia

The functional activity of even simple cellular ensembles is often controlled by surprisingly complex networks of neuromodulators. One such network has been extensively studied in the accessory rad...
Contiguity Constraints for Single‐Region Site Search Problems

This paper proposes an explicit set of constraints as a general approach to the contiguity problem in site search modeling. Site search models address the challenging problem of identifying the best area in a study region for a particular land use, given that there are no candidate sites. Criteria that commonly arise in a search include a site's area, suitability, cost, shape, and proximity to surrounding geographic features. An unsolved problem in this modeling arena is the identification of a general set of mathematical programming constraints that can guarantee a contiguous solution (site) for any 0–1 integer-programming site search formulation. The constraints proposed herein address this problem, and we evaluate their efficacy and efficiency in the context of a regular and irregular tessellation of geographic space. An especially efficient constraint form is derived from a more general form and similarly evaluated. The results demonstrate that the proposed constraints represent a viable, general approach to the contiguity problem.
Paleomagnetism-based limits on earthquake magnitudes in northwestern metropolitan Los Angeles, California, USA

We have used paleomagnetism to estimate the maximum moment magnitude (M w ) of earthquakes in the east Ventura Basin and San Fernando Valley, in metropolitan Los Angeles. Magnetic declinations show differential rotation between crustal blocks with linear dimensions of 10-20 km, similar to the thickness of the seismogenic layer. The maximum magnitude of an earthquake based on blocks of this size is M w = 6.8, comparable to the 1971 San Fernando and 1994 Northridge earthquakes and consistent with paleoseismic trenching and surface ruptures of the 1971 earthquake. The paleomagnetic results suggest that the blocks have retained their configuration while moving relative to each other for the past ∼0.8 m.y. Therefore, it is unlikely that in this area multiple blocks combined to trigger much larger shocks during this period, in contrast to adjacent regions where events with M w > 7 have been postulated on the basis of paleoseismic excavations.
Directional sensitivity of the Mauthner cell system to vibrational stimulation in zebrafish larvae

1. Extracellular recordings were made from the brains of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) larvae with irradiation-induced developmental deletions of one or both Mauthner cells (M-cells). 2. A large extracellular field potential was previously attributed to activity of the M-cell. In two animals with both M-cells deleted, this potential was absent (Fig. 1 C) whereas it was present in animals with just one cell deleted (Fig. 1 B) and in irradiated animals with both M-cells. This correlation provides additional support for the identification of the potential as the M-spike. 3. In 10 larvae loss of one M-cell did not affect the sensitivity of the remaining cell compared with irradiated controls with both M-cells. However, the probability of obtaining an M-spike was approximately 5 times higher when stimulating on the same side as the M-cell body than on the contralateral side. This is accounted for by threshold and latency data which show that in fish with one M-cell, the relative sensitivity of the remaining cell was highest to vibrational stimulation ipsilateral to the M-cell body. 4. These findings suggest that in animals with both M-cells present, the ipsilateral cell would be activated by vibrational stimuli to cause a directional avoidance response. This hypothesis is in accord with previous behavioral observations in the same species.
Contributions of Societal Modernity to Cognitive Development: A Comparison of Four Cultures.

This study examined how societal changes associated with modernization are related to cognitive development. Data were from 4 cultural communities that represented a broad range of traditional and modern elements: the Garifuna (Belize), Logoli (Kenya), Newars (Nepal), and Samoans (American Samoa). Naturalistic observations and the performances of 3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-year-old children (N = 192) on 7 cognitive measures were examined. Results replicated age-related improvement on all measures. Contributions of modernity were evident in children's play behaviors and cognitive performances, especially in skills related to schooling. Modernization and schooling independently predicted differences on most of the measures. Results are discussed in relation to the Flynn effect, the worldwide increase in cognitive scores across generations, and the ways in which societal modernization may contribute to cognitive development.
Pacifier-induced bowel obstruction—not so soothing

Pacifiers are nearly ubiquitous among children in the United States, and although safety regulations exist, the responsibility to choose and maintain a safe pacifier generally falls on the parents, many of whom are unaware of potential hazards. We report a case of a complete bowel obstruction because of an ingested pacifier nipple and recommend increased awareness among practitioners as well as education of parents.
Compositional changes in FCC gasoline products resulting from high-level additions of ZSM-5 zeolite to RE-USY catalyst

Gasoline samples resulting from riser cracking with catalyst mixtures consisting of RE-USY blended with a commercial ZSM-5 at additive levels up to 75 wt% were analyzed to give the carbon number distribution of paraffinic, olefinic, naphthenic and aromatic components using PIONA, PONA and an open tubular GC system. We observed that the advantages of operating with unusually large amounts of ZSM-5 additive also showed up in other cracked products beside C3 and C4 olefins such as the significant improvement in isoamylene yield (mainly 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene) in the gasoline pool. A catalyst system containing 25 wt% ZSM-5 additive blended with 75 wt% steamed RE-USY provided over 30% increase in isoamylene yield in the gasoline pool (measured on feed basis) compared with the base catalyst at equivalent conversion. Overall, C5 olefin content remained unchanged but selectively shifted to iC5 olefins at the expense of nC5=. Gasoline range olefins (C6+) decreased. In addition, aromatics content (both benzene and alkylbenzenes) in the gasoline fraction (normalized to a constant feed basis) remained fairly constant or slightly lower. The increase in aromatics generally observed (on gasoline basis) is due to concentration effects. Both PIONA and PONA data indicate gasoline volume loss occurs primarily from a decrease in isoparaffins, iso-olefins, n-olefins and n-paraffins in the C6–C9 range. The level of ring paraffins (or naphthenes), ring olefins (or unsaturated naphthenes), and indans and tetralins remains essentially constant. PONA data of gasoline samples also indicate that the gasoline loss (on feed basis) occurs in the following order: paraffins≫mono-olefins≫saturated naphthenes; the unsaturated naphthenes, dicycloparaffins, di- and cyclo-olefins, and indans and tetralins remain essentially constant.
Evidence for active hotspots on Venus from analysis of Magellan gravity data

The 500-Myr average crater retention age for Venus has raised questions about the present-day level of tectonic activity. In this study we examine the relationship between the gravity and topography of four large volcanic swells, Beta, Atla, Bell, and Western Eistla Regiones, for clues about their stage evolution. The Magellan line-of-sight gravity data are inverted using a point mass model of the anomalous mass to solve for the local vertical gravity field. Spectral admittance calculated from both the local gravity inversions and a spherical harmonic model is compared to three models of compensation: local compensation, a 'flexural' model with local and regional compensation of surface and subsurface loads, and a 'hotspot' model of compensation that includes top loading by volcanoes and subsurface loading due to a deep, low density mass anomaly. The coherence is also calculated in each region, but yields an elastic thickness estimate only at Bell Regio. In all models, the long wavelengths are compensated locally. Our results may indicate a relatively old, possibly inactive plume.
Prevention of supersensitivity in partially isolated cerebral cortex.

Abstract 1. 1. A portion of the marginal gyrus of the cerebral cortex on each of fifteen cats was undercut 3–4 mm deep. In terminal experiments under chloralose, 2–18 weeks later, local electrical stimulation produced after-discharges (in 12 cats) which had a longer duration on the undercut side than on the intact side. 2. 2. Another group of seventeen cats, each with an undercut marginal gyrus, received daily electrical stimulation (subthreshold for after-discharges) of the undercut cortex starting 1 week after undercutting (6 weeks delay in two cats). Total stimulation was about 400 applications at 0.6 mA, 400 at 0.8 mA and 200 at 1.0. mA. In terminal experiments under chloralose 1 week after the end of stimulation (6 weeks for one cat), fourteen of these cats did not show supersensitivity of the undercut cortex. 3. 3. These results suggest that chronic electrical stimulation can prevent the development of supersensitivity.
Cigarette Smoking and Onset of Mood and Anxiety Disorders

Objectives. We examined the association between regular cigarette smoking and new onset of mood and anxiety disorders.Methods. We used logistic regression analysis to detect associations between regular smoking and new-onset disorders during the 3-year follow-up among 34 653 participants in the longitudinal US National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2001–2005). We used instrumental variable methods to assess the appropriateness of these models.Results. Regular smoking was associated with an increased risk of new onset of mood and anxiety disorders in multivariable analyses (Fdf = 5,61 = 11.73; P < .001). Participants who smoked a larger number of cigarettes daily displayed a trend toward greater likelihood of new-onset disorders. Age moderated the association of smoking with most new-onset disorders. The association was mostly statistically significant and generally stronger in participants aged 18 to 49 years but was smaller and mostly nonsignificant in older adults.Conclusions. ...
Memory self-ratings and objective test performance in a normal elderly sample

Self-rated decline in memory relative to estimated abilities at age 60 was investigated in a group of 88 normal elderly subjects age 60 to 90. Self-ratings of storage, retrieval, attention/concentration, remote memory, and depression formed a factor which was orthogonal to objective measures of memory function. Self-rated remote memory was also associated with objective measures of recent/remote memory, and self-rated depression was additionally related to objective measures of attention/concentration.
Passivity-based model reference robust control for a class of nonlinear systems with input and state measurement delays

This paper presents a model reference robust control framework that guarantees asymptotic stability of a class of nonlinear systems with arbitrarily large constant input and state measurement delays as well as uncertain system parameters. The proposed control framework combines the use of a modified wave scattering transformation to achieve overall stability and to enforce state convergence of the time delay nonlinear system to the desired state independently of unknown initial conditions, transmission losses, and computational errors. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Food Transfer and Development of Feeding Behavior and Food‐Associated Vocalizations in Cotton‐Top Tamarins

Food transfer between adults and infants is common in many marmoset and tamarin monkeys, and is often accompanied by vocalizations. We hypothesized that vocalizations by adults in a food transfer context creates an opportunity for infants to learn not only what foods are appropriate but what vocalizations are appropriate in feeding contexts. We studied the development of feeding behavior and food-associated vocalizations in 10 infant cotton-top tamarins through the first 20 wks of life. Infants obtained solid food through transfers from older group members, primarily the adult male, beginning at weeks 5–6. Both adults and infants vocalized during food transfers with adults, producing rapid sequences of the call types adults normally give when feeding. Infants were usually successful in obtaining food primarily when the adult was vocalizing. The sooner infants were active participants in food transfers, the sooner they began to feed independently. In the early weeks, infants produced a large number of vocal types during food transfers, but with increasing age there was a steady increase in the number of adult-form food calls and a reduction in other, non-food-associated calls. Infants that fed independently at an early age produced fewer non-food-associated calls by the last month of observation. Infants called at higher rates to their most preferred food. Food transfers accompanied by vocalizations may provide an opportunity for infants to learn about appropriate foods as well as the vocalizations that accompany feeding in adults, and may represent a form of ‘coaching’ or information donation by adults.
Development of vascularization in the chondroepiphysis of the rabbit

Although numerous studies have addressed the presence of cartilage canals within developing epiphyses, the chronology of their appearance and their vascular contribution to the developing chondroepiphysis remain to be studied. We have selected a model, similar to the developing human skeletal system, in which extensive cartilage canal development precedes the subsequent secondary ossification process. In the rabbit proximal tibia, both chondroepiphyseal and vascular (cartilage canals) development were quantified from the first evidence of vessels until the formation of the secondary center of ossification. The volume of hyaline cartilage increased 25 times after intraepiphyseal vessels were initially observed. The blood supply, measured in cartilage canal volume, increased 400-fold over the same period. Three distinct cartilage canal morphologies were identifiable before the formation of the secondary center of ossification: (a) an early phase, in which the canals appeared as infoldings derived from the perichondrium; (b) a reactive phase, occurring simultaneously with chondrocyte hypertrophy and characterized by a very large increase in mesenchymal cells within the cartilage canal; and (c) a vascular phase, coincident with mineralization of the matrix, in which the familiar, unitary canal morphology was replaced by that of a vascular plexus. While matrix mineralization and the formation of bone seem dependent on critical cellular events, notably chondrocyte hypertrophy, the role that the vascular supply plays in developing sufficient biological inertia for the ossifying transition must not be underestimated.
Estimation of subpixel temperature over a heterogeneous area using an endmember index based technique

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in numerous environmental studies. In order to lower the subpixel temperature estimation error caused by re-sampling of remote sensing data, a disaggregation method for subpixel temperature using the remote sensing endmember index based technique (DisEMI) was established in this study. To take an advantage of simultaneous, multi-resolution observations at coincident nadirs by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), LST products from the two sensors were examined for a portion of suburb area in Beijing, China. The verified results indicate that the estimated temperature distribution was basically consistent with that of ASTER LST product(R2 = 0.709 and RMSE = 2.702 K).
Selection rules imposed by the symmetrical Sakata model

Abstract In this note we discuss new selection rules for strangeness nonzero systems based on a symmetrical Sakata model. We define new operators, GΛp, (exchange of Λ and p) × (charge conjugation), and GΛn, (exchange of Λ and n) × (charge conjugation). It is shown that in some systems these operators define good quantum numbers and that we get new selection rules. These selection rules are applied to the processes; K 0∗ → K + + π − , Λ + p → K + + K + + K − etc. Some processes are useful for checking these selection rules.
He ii REVERBERATION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS SPECTRA

This paper compares the observed reverberation response lags and the intensity ratios of the broad-line region (BLR) emission lines He II λ1640, He II λ4686, and C IV λ1549 with predictions. Published observations indicate that the He II λ1640 lag is 3 times shorter than the lags of He II λ4686 or C IV λ1549. Diverse models, however, do not reproduce this observation. Extensive improved numerical simulations of the hydrogenic isoelectronic sequence emission show that the He II spectrum remains especially simple, even in the central regions of a luminous quasar. Line trapping never builds up a significant population of excited states, and the emissivities of the two He II lines are close to simple case B predictions. Using improved He II calculations, we computed the lags of distributions of clouds concentrated in approximate radius-dependent pressure laws as well as the lags of locally optimally emitting cloud (LOC) distributions. In addition, the effect on lags and intensities due to anisotropic beaming of line emission and observer orientation angle with respect to an obscuring disk is estimated. Comparing our results to observations, we do not see how any distribution of clouds can produce intrinsic He II λ1640 and He II λ4686 emission with substantially different responses, nor do we see how He II λ1640 can vary on a substantially shorter timescale than C IV λ1549. Our models suggest that in fact the observed He II λ1640 reverberation timescale is shorter than expected rather than the observed He II λ4686 timescale being longer than expected. We discuss a possible explanation.
The interaction of vasopressin and the photic oscillator in circadian rhythms.

Abstract Telemetered body temperature (BT), heart rate (HR), and activity (AC) data were collected in vasopressin-containing Long-Evans (LE) and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro (DI) rats. The rats were exposed to a 12 12 h light/dark cycle under three conditions: 1) ad lib feeding throughout the 24-h cycle, 2) two scheduled-feeding periods during the diurnal component of the light/dark cycle, and 3) two scheduled-feeding periods during the nocturnal component of the light/dark cycle. With ad lib feeding, natural nocturnal cycles of BT, HR, and AC were maintained in both strains. Marked changes were observed under the condition of scheduled feeding during the diurnal component of the light/dark cycle. In DI animals the influence of the photic oscillator was lost and BT, HR, and AC shifted from nocturnal to diurnal patterns. Circadian rhythms in DI animals were now synchronized by the nonphotic zeitgeber of scheduled food presentation. On the other hand, LE animals lost a well-defined circadian rhythmicity resulting from adherence to the photic oscillator, while at the same time being influenced by the nonphotic oscillator. Under the condition of scheduled feeding during the nocturnal component of the light/dark cycle, the circadian rhythms were similar in DI and LE rats. Results show that vasopressin has a significant interaction with the photic oscillator, which is obvious only when the photic and nonphotic oscillators are uncoupled. In addition, the results demonstrate that the strength of the photic oscillator is decreased or that the effect of this oscillator is masked or lost in DI rats compared to LE rats.
Adenosine A1 receptor, a target and regulator of estrogen receptoralpha action, mediates the proliferative effects of estradiol in breast cancer.

Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and its ligand estradiol (E2) play critical roles in breast cancer growth and are key therapeutic targets. Here, we report a novel dual role of the adenosine A1 receptor (Adora1) as an E2/ERα target and a regulator of ERα transcriptional activity. In ERα-positive breast cancer cells, E2 up-regulated Adora1 mRNA and protein levels, an effect that was reversed by the E2 antagonist ICI 182,780. siRNA ablation of Adora1 in ERα-positive cells reduced basal and E2-dependent proliferation, whereas Adora1 over-expression in an ERα-negative cell line induced proliferation. The selective Adora1 antagonist, DPCPX, reduced proliferation, establishing Adora1 as a mediator of E2/ERα-dependent breast cancer growth. Intriguingly, Adora1 ablation decreased both mRNA and protein levels of ERα and, consequently, estrogen responsive element-dependent ERα transcriptional activity. Moreover, Adora1 ablation decreased binding activity of ERα to the promoter of its target gene TFF1 and led to reduced TFF1 promoter activity and mRNA levels, suggesting that Adora1 is required for full transcriptional activity of ERα upon E2 stimulation. Taken together, we demonstrated a short feed-forward loop involving E2, ERα, and Adora1 that favors breast cancer growth. These data suggest that Adora1 may represent an important target for therapeutic intervention in hormone-dependent breast cancer.
Structural Analysis Of The Mirror Of The University Of Texas 7.6 M Telescope

AbstractA finite element model using an assemblage of plate elements with membrane stress fora 7.6 meter diameter meniscus mirror was extensively explored, for aspect ratios in therange of 50 to 75, and for various materials. Analyses of the support forces necessaryfor the meniscus shape and a possible design of the mirror cell revealed the necessity oflaterally suspending the mirror from a set of points in its midsurface. A map of theheat distribution through the thickness of the meniscus for a typical ambie.it temperaturechange and an assumed air conditioning capacity is presented, derived from the solutionof a one -dimensional thermal analysis. An equivalent thermal gradient is derived. Athermal edge effect was found, mostly due to the extreme aspect ratios involved, both forfused silica and for pyrex. Edge control becomes particularly necessary with a higherexpansion coefficient, and the analysis shows to what extent.IntroductionOne concept for reducing the mass of a large telescope involves making the primarymirror very thin by current standards. The mechanical support of such a mirror has beenstudied extensively. This report concentrates on the more difficult aspects inherent ina thin monolithic mirror. Because of the need for problem definition, providing earlyengineering data for research engineers, the study has been concentrated on the moreprofound effects of thermal gradients through the thickness of the mirror. Results whichwere not striking in terms of their effect on image degradation, for example fromgradients across the diameter of the mirror, are not presented.Method of analysisA finite element model (see Figure 1) of a meniscus form consisting of plate elementshas been analyzed using the structural analysis program SAP4. Gravitational forces andthermal stresses have, in general, been examined separately by adjusting parameters ofthe program. This paper is primarily concerned with the substrates of pyrex and fusedsilica; for many of the results a simple linear extrapolation to ultra low expansionglass is readily possible. The 300 inch diameter model was examined in two thicknesses,4 inches and 6 inches. In both cases, the front surface was generated as a parabaloidof revolution, with the back of the model concentric to the front, at the arbitraryfocal length of 600 inches. The results produced by SAP4 were used to produce a contourmap of the surface displacements and an image spot diagram in the surface of best focus.Interpolation of the deflected surface was generally done by 2- dimensional splinefunctions; ray tracing was performed using a rectangular grid of parallel input raysto determine the distribution of rays in the surface of best focus (see Figure 2).
Barbed sutures: a review of the literature.

Background:Despite substantial mention in the popular press, there is little in the plastic surgery or dermatology literature regarding the safety, efficacy, longevity, or complications of barbed suture suspension procedures. The authors review the literature to estimate several clinical parameters
Electrically heated homes in the Tennessee Valley

THE USE of electricity for house heating is not new. As early as 1914, homes in the Northwest were being heated by electricity. It is estimated that by 1920 there were over 2,000 homes in Tacoma, Wash., using this means of heat. For a few years prior to the war, the use of electric heating spread rather rapidly on the west coast, particularly in central California.
Differences in effects of dietary fats on survival rate and development of neoplastic and other diseases in rats.

Groups of 40 male rats of the Charles River CD strain were fed a purified complete diet containing 20% of cottonseed oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, chicken fat, beef fat, butter, lard, or medium chain, saturated triglycerides (MCT). Except for the latter, the fats were fed either fresh or after 40 hours of aeration at 60 °C. The rats were observed for weight gain, life span, and terminal pathological changes. There were significant differences in survival rate, occurrence of malignant non-endocrine tumors, and degenerative and inflammatory diseases, such as the high incidence of chloromatous leukemias among the rats fed chicken fat, or the severe myocardial lesions among the groups fed vegetable oils. Inasmuch as the results could not be accounted for by the usual properties of triglycerides, it was concluded that minor constituents in fats play an important part in their individual nutritional effects. It was speculated that the processing of some fats may have to be changed.
Psychology and Thumbsucking

Learning theorists disagree with the Freudian theories that have dominated approaches to the problem of thumbsucking. Experiments have shown that thumbsucking is learned behavior that can be prevented or suppressed without undesirable sequelae. Aversive conditioning seems to be an effective and appropriate method for suppressing the habit of thumbsucking.
Translation of colloidal particles next to a flat plate using evanescent waves

Abstract A modeling and experimental study was performed to evaluate the ability of an evanescent wave, produced by the total internal reflection of a continuous wave laser beam at an optical interface, to translate colloidal-sized particles in water. Using a simple ray optics model, it was predicted that polystyrene spheres with a diameter much larger than the incident wavelength would be pushed in the direction of wave propagation, pulled toward the interface at which the internal reflection occurred, and rotated about an axis parallel to the interface. Experimental validation of the model was then performed using an argon ion laser beam that was focused down to a beam radius of 40 μm. Laser powers ranging between 0.02 and 0.7 W produced translational velocities up to 1.0 μm s −1 on a 5 μm radius polystyrene sphere in water above a glass plate. At the lower laser powers (less than 0.2 W), the measured velocities were within a factor of approximately two of the model predictions. At higher powers, the measured velocities became less sensitive to changes in the incident power, which was not predicted by the model. The cause of this deviation is currently unknown, although one possible factor is heating produced by absorption.