cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Carotid Artery Plaque Burden, Plaque Characteristics, and Cardiovascular Events: The ARIC Carotid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Importance It remains unknown whether in an asymptomatic community-based cohort magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of plaque characteristics are independently associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events when adjusted for carotid artery (CA) wall thickness, a measure of plaque burden. Objective To assess associations of CA MRI plaque characteristics with incident CVD events. Design, Setting, and Participants The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study is a prospective epidemiologic study of the incidence of CVD in 15 792 adults of which 2066 women and men were enrolled in the ARIC Carotid MRI substudy. ARIC participants were enrolled from 1987 to 1989, and the substudy was conducted between January 2004 and December 2005. Analysis began January 2017 and ended August 2020. Exposures Incident CVD events during a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up time of 10.5 (8.1-10.9) years were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures Proportional hazards Cox analyses were performed to ascertain associations between MRI variables of CA plaque burden and plaque characteristics. Results Of 15 792 ARIC participants, 2066 were enrolled in the substudy, of whom 1256 (701 women [55.8%]) had complete data and were eligible for incident CVD analyses. Carotid artery plaques in participants with incident CVD events (172 [13.7%]) compared with those without (1084 [86.3%]) had a higher normalized wall index (median [IQR], 0.48 [0.36-0.62] vs 0.43 [0.34-0.55]; P = .001), maximum CA wall thickness (median [IQR], 2.22 [1.37-3.52] mm vs 1.96 [1.29-2.85] mm; P = .01), maximum CA stenosis (median [IQR], 5% [0%-22%] vs 0% [0%-13%]; P < .001), and when present, a larger lipid core volume (median [IQR], 0.05 [0.02-0.11] mL vs 0.03 [0.01-0.07] mL; P = .03), respectively. The presence of a lipid core was independently associated with incident CVD events when adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors and maximum CA wall thickness (hazard ratio, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.36-4.51]; P = .003), whereas the presence of calcification was not. The frequency of intraplaque hemorrhage presence in this population of individuals free of CVD at baseline who were not recruited for carotid stenosis was too small to draw any meaningful conclusions (intraplaque hemorrhage presence: 68 of 1256 participants [5.4%]). Carotid artery lumen area and maximum stenosis, which were overall low, were independently associated with incident CVD events when adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, as anticipated. Conclusions and Relevance The presence of a CA lipid core on MRI is associated with incident CVD events independent of maximum CA wall thickness in asymptomatic participants.
Making Kr+1-Free Graphs r-partite

The Erdős–Simonovits stability theorem states that for all e > 0 there exists α > 0 such that if G is a Kr+1-free graph on n vertices with e(G) > ex(n, Kr+1)– α n2, then one can remove en2 edges from G to obtain an r-partite graph. Furedi gave a short proof that one can choose α = e. We give a bound for the relationship of α and e which is asymptotically sharp as e → 0.
Differential Effects of Substrate Type and Genet on Growth of Microfragments of Acropora palmata

Global decline of coral reefs has led to a widespread adoption of asexual propagation techniques for coral restoration, whereby coral colonies are fragmented and allowed to re-grow before being returned to the reef. While this approach has become increasingly popular and successful, many questions remain regarding best practices to maximize restoration speed, efficiency, and survival. Two variables that may influence growth and survival of asexually fragmented colonies include coral genet and growth substrate. Here, we evaluate the effects of genet and substrate (commercially available ceramic vs. in-house made cement) on the survival and growth of 221 microfragments of elkhorn coral Acropora palmata over 193 days. All corals survived the experimental period, and doubled their initial size in 45 days, with an average growth of 545% over the study duration. Growth was generally linear, though the growth of some corals more closely matched logistic, logarithmic, or exponential curves. Both genet and substrate had significant effects on coral growth, though the two factors did not interact. Genet had a stronger influence on coral growth than substrate, with the fastest genet growing at 216% the rate of the slowest genet. Corals on cement substrate grew at 111.9% the rate of those grown on ceramic. This represents both a significant cost savings and elimination of logistical challenges to restoration practitioners, as the cement substrate ingredients are cheap and globally available. Our work shows that both genet and substrate should be considered when undertaking asexual restoration of Acropora palmata to maximize restoration speed and efficiency.
Silicon-Interconnect Fabric for Fine-Pitch (≤10 μm) Heterogeneous Integration

The apparent saturation of aggressive Moore’s law scaling of semiconductor technologies is pushing the boundaries of traditional packaging and integration schemes to accommodate the ever-growing data bandwidth and heterogeneity demands. In this article, we demonstrate the silicon-interconnect fabric (Si-IF) technology as a superior alternative to conventional printed circuit boards (PCBs) to enhance system scaling. The Si-IF is a silicon-based, package-less, fine-pitch, highly scalable, heterogeneous integration platform to assemble and integrate massive wafer-scale systems. In this technology, dielets are closely assembled on the Si-IF at small interdielet spacings ( $\leq 50~\mu \text{m}$ ) using fine-pitch ( $\leq 10~\mu \text{m}$ ) die-to-substrate interconnects allowing for tight integration on a system-level package. To achieve these fine-pitch interconnects, a novel assembly technique using solder-less direct metal–metal [copper–copper (Cu–Cu)] thermal compression bonding was developed. Using this process, sub-10- $\mu \text{m}$ -pitch interconnects with a low specific contact resistance of $\leq 0.7~\Omega \cdot \mu \text{m}~^{\mathrm{ 2}}$ and high shear force of 90 N for 4-mm 2 dies were successfully demonstrated. Moreover, these fine-pitch interconnects combined with the small interdie spacing provide a large number of parallel short links ( $\leq 500~\mu \text{m}$ ) with low loss (≤2 dB) for interdielet communication that is comparable to on-chip connections. Consequently, simple buffers can transfer data between dies using a Simple Universal Parallel intERface for chips (SuperCHIPS) protocol at low link latency ( $23\times $ higher data bandwidth, 3– $65\times $ lower latency, and 5– $40\times $ lower energy per bit compared to existing integration schemes.
The high-throughput gene prediction of more than 1,700 eukaryote genomes using the software package EukMetaSanity

Abstract Gene prediction and annotation for eukaryotic genomes is challenging with large data demands and complex computational requirements. For most eukaryotes, genomes are recovered from specific target taxa. However, it is now feasible to reconstruct or sequence hundreds of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) or single-amplified genomes directly from the environment. To meet this forth-coming wave of eukaryotic genome generation, we introduce EukMetaSanity, which combines state-of-the-art tools into three pipelines that have been specifically designed for extensive parallelization on high-performance computing infrastructure. EukMetaSanity performs an automated taxonomy search against a protein database of 1,482 species to identify phylogenetically compatible proteins to be used in downstream gene prediction. We present the results for intron, exon, and gene locus prediction for 112 genomes collected from NCBI, including fungi, plants, and animals, along with 1,669 MAGs and demonstrate that EukMetaSanity can provide reliable preliminary gene predictions for a single target taxon or at scale for hundreds of MAGs. EukMetaSanity is freely available at https://github.com/cjneely10/EukMetaSanity.
Oil and Gas Wastewater Components Alter Streambed Microbial Community Structure and Function

The widespread application of directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies expanded oil and gas (OG) development to previously inaccessible resources. A single OG well can generate millions of liters of wastewater, a mixture of brine produced from the fractured formations and injected hydraulic fracturing fluids. With thousands of wells completed each year, safe management of OG wastewaters has become a major challenge to industry and regulators. OG wastewaters are commonly disposed of by underground injection, and previous research showed that surface activities at an Underground Injection Control (UIC) facility in West Virginia affected stream biogeochemistry and sediment microbial communities immediately downstream from the facility. Because microbially driven processes can control the fate and transport of organic and inorganic components of OG wastewater, we designed a series of aerobic microcosm experiments to assess the influence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) and two common hydraulic fracturing fluid additives: the biocide 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and ethylene glycol (an anti-scaling additive) on microbial community structure and function. Microcosms were constructed with sediment collected upstream (background) or downstream (impacted) from the UIC facility in West Virginia. Exposure to elevated TDS resulted in a significant decrease in aerobic respiration, and microbial community analysis following incubation indicated that elevated TDS could be linked to the majority of change in community structure. Over the course of the incubation, the sediment layer in the microcosms became anoxic, and addition of DBNPA was observed to inhibit iron reduction. In general, disruptions to microbial community structure and function were more pronounced in upstream and background sediment microcosms than in impacted sediment microcosms. These results suggest that the microbial community in impacted sediments had adapted following exposure to OG wastewater releases from the site. Our findings demonstrate the potential for releases from an OG wastewater disposal facility to alter microbial communities and biogeochemical processes. We anticipate that these studies will aid in the development of useful models for the potential impact of UIC disposal facilities on adjoining surface water and shallow groundwater.
Maternal death resulting from rupture of liver adenoma associated with oral contraceptives

A case report of a 35-year-old woman gravida 10 para 8 abortus 1 who was admitted in her 42nd week of pregnancy in active labor and who later died in childbirth from a ruptured adenoma of the liver is reported. Past medical history revealed that the patient had been on Ovulen for 4 years prior to this pregnancy. 2 months before pregnancy an enlarged liver was palpated. However liver function studies were within normal limits. The patient was advised to discontinue birth control pills. Over 80 cases have been reported in the literature associating oral contraceptives with liver tumors. 8 cases resulted in death from hemorrhage due to rupture. This case demonstrates the danger of pregnancy following an unresected pill-related liver adenoma.
Sichtsimulation für einen Fahrsimulator auf der Basis eines Transputer-Netzwerkes

Seit 1971 wird in der Volkswagen-Forschung ein dynamischer Fahrsimulator eingesetzt, um den Regelkreis Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Fahrbahn zu untersuchen. Nachdem vor sechs Jahren der fur die Fahrdynamik-Berechnung und die Ansteuerung notwendige Rechner ersetzt werden muste, soll nun auch die Sichtsimulation dem Stand der Technik angepast werden.
Depression and end-of-life care for patients with cancer

Patients with cancer and depression experience more physical symptoms, have poorer quality of life, and are more likely to have suicidal thoughts or a desire for hastened death than are cancer patients who are not depressed. Despite the ubiquity of depressive symptoms in cancer patients at the end of life, critical questions remain unanswered with respect to etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in these vulnerable patients. The pharmacotherapy of depression in patients with advanced cancer should be guided by a palliative care approach focused on symptom reduction, irrespective of whether the patient meets diagnostic criteria for major depression. Earlier and more intensive supportive care for patients with cancer reduces symptom burden and may prolong life for patients with advanced disease. Symptom-oriented clinical trials are needed to improve end-of-life cancer care.
Cartesian coordinate analysis of viral burden and CD4 + T-cell count in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection

Abstract We have used a Cartesian coordinate plot to analyze the inverse relationship between viral burden ( x -axis) and peripheral blood CD4+ cell count ( y -axis) to extend our understanding of the mechanisms of antiviral drugs and differences in outcome resulting from variability in virus and host responses. Each of 186 subjects studied were assigned to one of four response quadrants. Quadrants A ( x −, y +) and D ( x +, y −) defined the effect of a change in virus load on the inverse change in CD4+ cell count expected from the natural history of HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy. Quadrants B ( x +, y +) and C ( x −, y −) defined the dissociation of the inverse relationship between the relative changes in CD4+ cell count and viral load that resulted from the hypothesized effect of putative virologic or immunologic response modifiers. Of the response modifiers studied, only the syncytium-inducing phenotype resulted in a complete dissociation of this inverse relationship. The analysis provided an integrated virological and immunological approach to better understand therapeutic responses and potential dissociation between changes in viral RNA and CD4+ cell count. This type of analysis may be helpful for individualizing patient management as well as designing and analyzing studies of HIV-1 antiretroviral drugs and disease pathogenesis.
Security applications of trust in multi-agent systems

The concept of trust as presented here focuses on the trustworthiness, or reliability, of information and information sources. Decision makers, or agents, can create judgments based on previous experience with other agents and by reputation information received from allied agents. These judgments, or trust assessments, are used to predict the behavior of other agents and analyze the trustworthiness, truthfulness, or quality of information. Research concepts have been developed within the trust community, and they are most commonly applied to multi-agent systems research. This work attempts to show that trust research can be directly applied to security problems. Modern trust concepts enforce soft security which can be applied in addition to conventional security methods to build a more robust secure system. This article examines two trust based techniques and demonstrates their basic effectiveness using empirical experimentation. These techniques are then applied in a case study drawn from a more robust domain concerning confidential message transmission. The benefits of applying trust-based techniques to secure a system are measurable, and the costs associated with such techniques are scalable to even the most resource constrained systems.
Neighborhood and Family Effects on Children's Health in Los Angeles

This paper examines the effects of family and neighborhood factors on child health in one of the largest urban areas in the United States, Los Angeles County. We use data from a new representative survey of neighborhoods and households in L.A.—the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, or L.A.FANS—to examine the effects of family and neighborhood characteristics on child health status. A particular focus is on differences between Latinos and other race/ethnic groups as well as differences by duration of family residence in the U.S. and other key factors. We seek to answer two questions. First, how are family background factors such immigrant status, ethnicity, and social class related to child health outcomes? Second, are there differences in health outcomes by neighborhood-level socioeconomic status, once individual and family differences are held constant? Among the child health outcomes we examine are the mother’s report of the child’s overall health status, reports of physician diagnoses of key chronic diseases (such as anemia and asthma), and, among children aged 12-17 years, body mass index adjusted for age as well as indicators of being overweight or at risk of overweight.
The effect of factors beyond clinical control and obstetric management of mature infant survival at the Chicago Maternity Center from 1959 to 1963.

Abstract A study of 14,053 corrected mature births which occurred from 1959 to 1963 was made in order to assay the effect of factors beyond clinical control and obstetric management in mature infant survival. The total corrected perinatal death incidence was 7 per 1,000 births, 2 greater than that of the teaching hospital for this time period. Registered and unregistered medically unattended births did not affect perinatal loss adversely, but unregistered attended births were a statistically significant fatal factor—the incidence was 14 or twice the total. High-risk vaginal delivery was 43 or 6 times the total of 7 per 1,000 births. During the time of this study and the 5 years following, the maternal loss for cesarean section was 0.5 per cent, while no mother died due to high-risk vaginal deliveries. Until the indigent patient can tolerate cesarean section as well as the more affluent mother, to raise the rate in the interest of the child is a dubious procedure.
Multiple-reflection effects in hadron-nucleus scattering: (I). Cluster expansion of the optical potential

Abstract A basic assumption underlying the high-energy hadron-nucleus optical potential is that no target nucleon is struck more than once. Although this condition is satisfied at high energy, such is not the case in the vicinity of medium-energy resonances, where the amplitude for the projectile to undergo multiple reflections between two target nucleons is quite large. As a remedy for this problem, the multiple-scattering series is rearranged such that the optical potential can be expressed as a cluster expansion. The lowest order optical potential is modified by a two-body cluster term, which is a sum of all possible reflections of the projectile between a pair of target nucleons. This term is evaluated for a model potential within the formalism of Foldy and Walecka: it is substantially smaller than the contribution of a single reflection, and its overall effect is small under certain additional restrictions. If the independent-pair picture of nuclei is valid, then the three-body cluster term may be small, and the lowest order Glauber optical potential can provide a self-consistent picture of hadron-nucleus interactions, even though a term-by-term expansion of the multiple-scattering series does not provide such assurance.
The Death of the EUV Opacity Problem

Five white dwarfs observed with the Rosat WFC have extremely steep cutoffs, with the count-rate in the S2 filter at least ten times that of the shorter-wavelength S1 filter. Of these, three have good quality IUE high-resolution spectra (G191-B2B, Feige 24 and RE 2214–491). In all cases there are strong heavy element lines, and also weak features from Fe V which — because of their excitation potential — have to be photospheric in origin. In neither case is there any detectable He. This strongly indicates that heavy elements are by far the most important source of EUV opacity in white dwarfs.
The reflecting pool

He was flying! He‚d felt this way only once before — the time he had bungee jumped from that makeshift tower that had been set up on the sands near the Oak Beach Inn on Long Island, New York. But of course he‚d had more than a couple of drinks in him then, and so hadn‚t really appreciated
Calmodulin transmitted through gap junctions stimulates endocytic incorporation of yolk precursors in insect oocytes.

Abstract In ovarian follicles of Oncopeltus fasciatus, and of Xylocopa virginica, calmodulin (CaM) of epithelial cell origin is required by oocytes for endocytic uptake of yolk precursor molecules. Furthermore, this 17–19 kDa protein is normally transported to the oocytes via gap junctions. Downregulation of gap junctions by treatment with 1 mM octanol or separation of the epithelial cells from their oocytes terminated precursor uptake, and this activity could be rescued by microinjection of 60 μM CaM, but not by injections of incubation medium, nor solutions of other molecular species tested. That endogenous CaM is required was confirmed by incubating otherwise untreated follicles in physiological salt solution (PSS) containing either calmidazolium or W-7, both known antagonists of CaM. By radioimmunoprecipitation, we show that the epithelial cells surrounding an oocyte synthesized 15 times as much calmodulin as did the oocytes they encircled. Neither octanol-treated follicles nor denuded oocytes incubated in medium containing calmodulin were able to resume endocytosis, arguing against an extracellular route. However, fluorescently labeled calmodulin microinjected into oocytes is shown to have crossed through gap junctions, making epithelial cells distinctly fluorescent.
Language and Being Human in Technology.

This essay considers the analysis Jacques Ellul carried out about the devaluation of language. This investigation also explores the consequences of that devaluation (or humiliation as Ellul called it) wrought by our orientation to technology. Our existence in technology transforms language and our use of it, shifting emphasis as well to the visual image. The technological mindset encourages a disregard for language. It entails as well the disuse and misuse of what is perhaps most human about us, language. As language conforms to the technological order, our thought processes, narratives, relationships, freedom, even being human are altered and threatened.
A comparison of the histologic effects of chemabrasion, dermabrasion, and laserbrasion in the minipig.

This study was designed to evaluate the short- and long-term histologic consequences of some common skin resurfacing methods. Grids were tattooed on the sides of a Yucatan minipig, the standard model for human skin experiments. Each grid cell was treated with one of the following: Jessner's solution, lactic acid, glycolic acid, trichloroacetic acid with and without Retin-A® pretreatment, phenol, dermabrasion, or carbon dioxide laser (Sharplan SilkTouch® or Coherent UltraPulse®). All treatments were given at the usual doses or strengths recommended for human skin. Each treatment method was represented by two grid cells on either side. Biopsy specimens were obtained from each area immediately after treatment and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. The histologic sections were read by an experienced dermatopathologist. The superficial peeling agents (glycolic acid, lactic acid, and Jessner's solution) barely penetrated the epidermis. Wound depth from dermabrasion and laserbrasion could be traced to the papillary-reticular junction of the dermis in the early sections, but by 3 months the skin in these areas had resumed its normal architecture. In contrast, phenol and trichloroacetic acid produced changes to the upper reticular dermis, and these findings persisted for the duration of the observation period. The effects of treatment with the carbon dioxide lasers had dissipated by 3 months. Higher levels of laser energy are apparently needed to induce resurfacing in this model.
Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix in pregnancy.

Abstract Introduction The number of patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix has increased in the last decade. The number of pregnant patients with this disease can also be expected to increase. Cases In this report, we describe three patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix during pregnancy. Discussion The management of adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix may include procedures which present substantial risks to an ongoing pregnancy and more conservative management may be warranted in many instances.
DS1 mapping considerations for the synchronous optical network

When considering today's network and looking ahead towards a complete Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), attention must be given to transitional network functionality to ensure next generation transport network element longevity. The transition will not happen overnight. Initial SONET equipment will satisfy today's transport requirements but must be capable of operating efficiently as SONET equipment in an all SONET networks. Careful consideration of transitional network functionality will ensure cost effective SONET deployment both initially and for the long term. The first requirement of the transitional network is that it be as cost efficient as the existing asynchronous network in transporting DS 1 and D53 signals. Currently, the SONET standard1 specifies five (5) ways to directly map a DS1 into a SONET VT1.5. SONET equipment will be prohibitively complex if required to support all five mappings. This paper addresses DS 1 service transport, and reviews the five DS 1 to VT mappings currently specified in the SONET standard. Network partitioning concerns resulting from multiple DS 1 mapping deployment are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that it is in a (network) provider's best interest to reduce the number of DS 1 mappings deployed in a SONET network to those which satisfy transport requirements of all current and envisioned services. To ensure optimal signal transport characteristics and minimal cost solutions for wideband and voice services in the transmission network, the floating asynchronous mapping provides the best network solution and should be used by all transport equipment not requiring DSO processing.
DISTRIBUTION AND STATUS OF CRAYFISHES IN THE PIT RIVER DRAINAGE, CALIFORNIA

[Die mittleren Bereiche des Flussystems des Pit River wurden von Juni bis Oktober 1978 untersucht. Drei Arten von Fluskrebs wurden gefunden. Pacifastacus fortis wurde an neunzehn, P. leniusculus an zwei und Orconectes virilis an neun Stellen aufgefunden. An 113 Stellen wurden je zwanzig Habitat-Variabelen genommen. Der Uberflus an Fluskrebs wurde zu jeder Variabele in Beziehung gesetzt und eine schrittweise Regression wurde durchgefuhrt. Der Uberschus wurde dann mit jeder Variabele verglichen. Alle drei Krebsarten wurden in grosen Flussen und Seen gefunden, die das ganze Jahr uber Wasser fuhren. Es gab jedoch wenig Uberschneidung der verschiedenen Lebens-bereiche. Das Vorkommen von P. fortis ist ortlich beschrankt und P. fortis ist moglicherweise eine bedrohte Art. Pacifastacus leniusculus und O. virilis wurden innerhalb der letzten zwanzig Jahre in das Flussystem eingefuhrt. Da die beiden exotischen Fluskrebse mogliche Konkurrenten fur P. f ortis sind, ist es momentan sehr wunschenswert, die P. f ortis Bevolkerung zu schutzen., Die mittleren Bereiche des Flussystems des Pit River wurden von Juni bis Oktober 1978 untersucht. Drei Arten von Fluskrebs wurden gefunden. Pacifastacus fortis wurde an neunzehn, P. leniusculus an zwei und Orconectes virilis an neun Stellen aufgefunden. An 113 Stellen wurden je zwanzig Habitat-Variabelen genommen. Der Uberflus an Fluskrebs wurde zu jeder Variabele in Beziehung gesetzt und eine schrittweise Regression wurde durchgefuhrt. Der Uberschus wurde dann mit jeder Variabele verglichen. Alle drei Krebsarten wurden in grosen Flussen und Seen gefunden, die das ganze Jahr uber Wasser fuhren. Es gab jedoch wenig Uberschneidung der verschiedenen Lebens-bereiche. Das Vorkommen von P. fortis ist ortlich beschrankt und P. fortis ist moglicherweise eine bedrohte Art. Pacifastacus leniusculus und O. virilis wurden innerhalb der letzten zwanzig Jahre in das Flussystem eingefuhrt. Da die beiden exotischen Fluskrebse mogliche Konkurrenten fur P. f ortis sind, ist es momentan sehr wunschenswert, die P. f ortis Bevolkerung zu schutzen.]
Destruction of first-order transitions by symmetry-breaking fields

Various physical systems with Hamiltonians of cubic and lower symmetry are predicted classically to exhibit second-order phase transitions but known to yield first-order transitions within the renormalization-group approach either (a) because no appropriate "stable" fixed point exists, or (b) because the stable fixed point is not physically accessible. [MnO seems to be an example of (a).] This situation is discussed under circumstances where imposition of a further symmetry-beaking field, $g\ensuremath{\gg}1$, restores a continuous transition. Two possible types of phase diagram are identified for $g\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, either (i) without or (ii) with tricritical points. Renormalization-group trajectory calculations for examples of (b), namely a cubic Hamiltonian under a quadratic anisotropy field, are presented: tricritical points are found and a universal amplitude ratio governing their location is calculated to first order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4\ensuremath{-}d$.
Torsion Subgroups of Incidence Algebras

Certain torsion subgroups of the incidence algebra are shown to be Abelian. If the underlying partially ordered set is finite, it is shown that there is a matrix within the incidence algebra which simultaneously diagonalizes each element of such a subgroup.
Calculation of the transition temperature for artificial metallic superlattices in the dirty limit: Application to Nb/Cu

Abstract We use the Takahashi-Tachiki eigenfunction expansion of the integral equation of de Gennes to calculate the transition temperature of a metallic superlattice in the dirty limit. Application of the theory to the data of Banerjee et al. on the Nb/Cu system yields excellent agreement provided one suppresses the transition temperature of the Nb layers to correspond to that of disordered bulk Nb as discussed by Park and Geballe. It is argued that superlattices studies allow one to study thin film superconductors without the complications introduced by lower (2D) dimensionality and the associated partial breakdown of screening.
Improving forecast skill by assimilation of quality controlled AIRS Version 5 temperature soundings

The AIRS Science Team Version 5 retrieval algorithm has been finalized and is now operational at the Goddard DAAC in the processing (and reprocessing) of all AIRS data. The AIRS Science Team Version 5 retrieval algorithm contains two significant improvements over Version 4: 1) Improved physics allows for use of AIRS observations in the entire 4.3 micron CO2 absorption band in the retrieval of temperature profile T(p) during both day and night. Tropospheric sounding 15 micron CO2 observations are now used primarily in the generation of cloud cleared radiances R(sub i). This approach allows for the generation of accurate values of R(sub i) and T(p) under most cloud conditions. 2) Another very significant improvement in Version 5 is the ability to generate accurate case-by-case, level-by-level error estimates for the atmospheric temperature profile, as well as for channel-by-channel error estimates for R(sub i). These error estimates are used for Quality Control of the retrieved products. We have conducted forecast impact experiments assimilating AIRS temperature profiles with different levels of Quality Control using the NASA GEOS-5 data assimilation system. Assimilation of Quality Controlled T(p) resulted in significantly improved forecast skill compared to that obtained from analyses obtained when all data used operationally by NCEP, except for AIRS data, is assimilated. We also conducted an experiment assimilating AIRS radiances uncontaminated by clouds, as done operationally by ECMWF and NCEP. Forecast resulting from assimilated AIRS radiances were of poorer quality than those obtained assimilating AIRS temperatures.
Intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection. Hydranencephaly and a nonvesicular rash in an infant.

: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in a pregnant woman may have profound adverse effects on the fetus or neonate. A rare congenital syndrome has been associated with intrauterine infection with HSV. An infant with the congenital herpes syndrome is described, the characteristic clinical and laboratory features associated with this syndrome are summarized, and other possible manifestations of herpes virus infection in the newborn are reviewed.
Field Performance of Abscisic Acid-Induced Flood-Tolerant Corn

Abscisic acid (ABA) applications can improve plant resistance to stresses such as cold, drought, and salinity. Treatment of corn (Zea mays L.) with ABA was previously shown to increase flooding survival 10-fold. The long-term effect of ABA treatment and flooding stress on growth and productivity have not been documented. In this study, ABA-treated corn seedlings that survived a flooding stress in the laboratory were transplanted to the field and their growth and seed yield compared with those of nonflooded plants (.)
Alteration of nociception by stimulation of cerebellar structures in the monkey

Abstract Fifteen cerebellar targets were stimulated to evaluate the effect of cerebellar stimulation upon painful tail shocks in monkeys. An elevation of nociceptive thresholds occurred when cerebellar areas whose efferents traverse the brachium conjunctivum were stimulated. Stimulation of cerebellar areas related to the brachium restiformis produced no change.
Ultrathin Tantalum Pent-Oxide Films for Ulsi Gate Dielectrics

Ultrathin tantalum pent-oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) films with a high dielectric constant over 20 and which are thinner than 10 nm have been extensively studied to realize small area capacitors for memories and high performance MOSFETs. The author and his colleagues started working on ultrathin Ta 2 O 5 films with an equivalent oxide film thickness less than 4 nm for small capacitors for bipolar memories and DRAMS in 1984, and investigated extensively the effects of dry oxygen annealing of sputter-deposited thin Ta 2 O 5 films on Si. We found that there was a process window (dry O 2 , 800 °C) where defects causing initial and latent breakdown were significantly reduced and where at the same time the reduction in the capacitance inevitably caused by the growth of interfacial SiO 2 is kept small. This dry O 2 annealing has been widely used for many years due to its effectiveness. This treatment was called “weak spot oxidation.” The interfacial SiO 2 , with a smaller dielectric constant of 3.9, underneath the Ta 2 O 5 films causes a reduction of the capacitance and an increase of the equivalent film thickness. Annealing of the films after deposition and suppression of the interfacial SiO 2 growth are the keys to realizing high performance and reliable Ta 2 O 5 capacitors and gate insulators. In this paper, these fundamental processes are described, along with more recent developments of Ta 2 O 5 thin film technologies, and the potential of the Ta 2 O 5 films as an alternative for a future ULSI gate insulator are also discussed.
Laser transformation hardening of a high-purity iron-carbon-chromium alloy

Successful laser transformation hardening of steel surfaces requires that the absorbed laser energy is sufficient to austenitize the initial microstructure to a depth of 0.5 mm or more. Hardening is accomplished when rapid cooling by conduction of heat away from the surface causes transformation of the austenite layer to martensite. Heating and cooling rates of 10/sup 4/ K/s or greater are typical of the laser hardening process and the entire thermal cycle may be accomplished in less than 0.1 s. In an earlier study, laser surface hardening of commercial plain carbon and chromium alloyed steels was examined. It was shown that in the alloyed steel chromium enrichment of the cementite in the initial microstructure could prevent complete transformation of pearlite to asutenite during the very rapid laser heating cycle. However, interpretation of the results was complicated somewhat by the fact that manganese was also partitioned to the cementite. The purpose of this work was to conduct selected identical laser heating experiments on a high-purity Fe-C-Cr alloy to test the effect of chromium unequivocally, i.e., in the absence of manganese and other elements normally present in commercial steels.
Enhancing photocatalytic oxygen evolution activity of cobalt-based spinel nanoparticles

Abstract Photocatalytic water oxidation is one of the critical reactions for solar fuel production from abundant sources. Among all the metal oxides, Co 3 O 4 spinel exhibits a high activity as an oxygen evolution catalyst. In this paper, we demonstrate that the photocatalytic oxygen evolution activity of Co 3 O 4 spinel can be further enhanced by substituting cobalt with manganese in the spinel structure. Using a facile hydrothermal approach, we have successfully synthesized pure, Mn-substituted, and Ni-substituted Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles with a typical particle size of 5–7 nm. The morphologies and crystal structures of the as-synthesized nanoparticle catalysts have been carefully examined using various structural characterization techniques, including PXRD, TEM, gas adsorption, and XAS. The photocatalytic activities of as-made nanoparticles have been investigated using a well-studied visible light driven [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ -persulfate system. In both Clark electrode and reactor/GC systems, Mn-substituted Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles exhibited the highest TOF among all the three catalysts. The data presented in this paper suggest that the photocatalytic water oxidation activity of Co 3 O 4 spinel catalyst could be further enhanced by Mn 3.1+ substitution at the octahedral sites.
Return of vision after transarterial coiling of a carotid cavernous sinus fistula: case report

Abstract Background Carotid cavernous sinus fistulae are abnormal communications between the carotid circulation and cavernous sinus that may arise spontaneously or develop after craniocerebral trauma. They may present with a constellation of signs and symptoms characteristic of raised cavernous sinus pressure, including orbital or retro-orbital pain, pulsatile proptosis, chemosis, ocular or cranial bruit, deterioration of visual acuity, or ophthalmoplegia. Visual loss is likely the result of multiple insults to the visual system, including reversal of venous drainage from the fistula, arterial flow into the superior ophthalmic vein, increased intraocular venous pressure, venous stasis retinopathy, and eventually ischemic optic neuropathy [Brodsky MC, Hoyt WF, Halbach VV, et al. Recovery from total monocular blindness after balloon embolization of carotid-cavernous fistula. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;104:86-87; Sanders MD, Hoyt WF. Hypoxic ocular sequelae of carotid-cavernous fistulae: study of the causes of visual failure before and after neurosurgical treatment in a series of 25 cases. Br J Ophthalmol 1969;53:82-97]. Case Description With few exceptions, the literature is replete with evidence of persistent blindness despite successful treatment of the CCF [Albuquerque FC, Heinz GW, McDougall CG. Reversal of blindness after transvenous embolization of a carotid-cavernous fistula: case report. Neurosurgery 2003;52:233-237; Brodsky MC, Hoyt WF, Halbach VV, et al. Recovery from total monocular blindness after balloon embolization of carotid-cavernous fistula. Am J Ophthalmol 1987;104:86-87; Weinstein JM, Rufenacht DA, Partington CR, et al. Delayed visual loss due to trauma of the internal carotid artery. Arch Neurol. 1991;48:490-497]. Here, we report a patient who experienced recovery of vision after endovascular obliteration of the offending CCF. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of recovery of visual function in a patient presenting with loss of light perception after treatment of a direct CCF.
Na+,K+-ATPase Activity and Subunit Protein Expression: Ontogeny and Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Steroids on the Cerebral Cortex and Renal Cortex of Sheep

We examined the effects of development, exogenous, and endogenous glucocorticoids on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and subunit protein expression in ovine cerebral cortices and renal cortices. Ewes at 60%, 80%, and 90% gestation, newborns, and adults received 4 dexamethasone or placebo injections. Cerebral cortex Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was higher (P < .05) in placebo-treated newborns than fetuses of placebo-treated ewes and adults, α(1)-expression was higher at 90% gestation than the other ages; α(2)-expression was higher in newborns than fetuses; α(3)-expression was higher in newborns than 60% gestation; β(1)-expression was higher in newborns than the other ages, and β(2)-expression higher at 60% than 80% and 90% gestation, and in adults. Renal cortex Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was higher in placebo-treated adults and newborns than fetuses. Cerebral cortex Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was higher in dexamethasone- than placebo-treated adults, and α(1)-expression higher in fetuses of dexamethasone- than placebo-treated ewes at 60% and 80% gestation. Renal cortex Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and α(1)-expression were higher in fetuses of dexamethasone- than placebo-treated ewes at each gestational age, and β(1)-expression was higher in fetuses of dexamethasone- than placebo-treated ewes at 90% gestation and in dexamethasone- than placebo-treated adults. Cerebral cortex Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, α(1)-expression, β(1)-expression, and renal cortex α(1)-expression correlated directly with increases in fetal cortisol. In conclusion, Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and subunit expression exhibit specific developmental patterns in brain and kidney; exogenous glucocorticoids regulate activity and subunit expression in brain and kidney at some ages; endogenous increases in fetal cortisol regulate cerebral Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, but exogenous glucocorticoids have a greater effect on renal than cerebral Na(+),K(+)-ATPase.
CHANGES IN PULMONARY FUNCTION IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO VINYL CHLORIDE AND POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

To determine whether occupational exposure to vinyl chloride gas and polyvinyl chloride dust is associated with changes in pulmonary function, spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were obtained in 348 workers in a VC polymerization plant. The major finding was diminution in air flow in 200 workers (57.5 percent). This abnormality correlated with age and duration of exposure. A relationship with smoking was noted only in younger workers with exposures of less than 10 years. When age exceeded 40 years or exposure 20 years, prevalence of this impairment was similar in smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that occupational or other environmental factors were operative.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a Measure of Sociability and Impulsivity

This study examined the nature of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) extraversion-introversion (El) and judging-perceiving (JP) subscales. The MBTI, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-5), and the EASI-III were given to 185 subjects. All subscale scores for each instrument were entered into a principal component factor analysis with orthogonal rotation. Results support the MBTI-EI scale as a measure of sociability and the MBTI-JP scale as a measure of impulsivity. Convergent and divergent validity of these scales was provided as expected, although the constructs differ from those cited in the MBTI manual (Myers, 1962). Implications are discussed.
HYPERTENSION IN A NEW YORK CITY HIGH SCHOOL POPULATION: PREVALENCE AND EVALUATION

A screening program for hypertension was conducted in a New York City high school of 2,058 students. Hypertension was defined as 140/90 or above. Of the 1873 students tested 46 were hypertensive on repeated exam. Of these, 28 consented to hospitalization to evaluate possible renal, cardiac and endocrine causes of hypertension. The patients (23 females, 5 males) were 14-19 yrs. old. In the hospital, ambulatory blood pressures taken every 2-4 hrs. revealed 8 students had frequent hypertension, 18 had infrequent hypertension and 2 were normotensive. The following determinations were made: serum electrolytes, Ca, Phos, TP and A/G, BUN, creatinine, cholesterol, protein electrophoresis, lipoprotein electrophoresis, plasma renin activity (PRA), T4, FSH & LH, 17 β -ol-androgens, specific gravity and osmolarity after overnight thirst, creatinine clearance, urinary metanephrine and 17-KS, 17-OH and aldosterone excretion; cardiac series, bone age, ECG and rapid sequence IVP. Abnormal results were: 9 elevated serum cholesterol; 3 low PRA; 8 high PRA; 3 left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG; 7 abnormal urinalyses; 3 abnormal urine cultures and 10 low urine Sp. Gr. All other studies were normal and no specific cause for the hypertension was found in this evaluation. Obesity was present in 75%. Since effective antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of secondary cardiovascular disease, such a study is a necessary and valid public health measure.
Home Was The Land Of Morning Calm: A Saga Of A Korean-american Family

Prologue Losing the Country (1900-1910) The Resistance Japanese Colonial Rule (1910-1945) Liberation Is a Cruel Hoax (1945-1950) The Korean War (1950-1953) Japan (1952-1958) From Okinawa to America Going Home (1967-1970) Back to America (1970-1987) Rediscovering the Real Home (1987-1989) Back to America, Again Epilogue.
Oxygen abstraction from tetrahydrofuran by molybdenum-iodide complexes. X-ray molecular structure of [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-I)(μ-O2CCH3)I2(THF)4][MoOI4(THF)] (THF = tetrahydrofuran)

Abstract The interaction between Mo2(O2CCH3)4, Me3SiI and I2 in THF resulted in oxygen abstraction from the solvent and formation of [Mo2(μ-O)(μ-I)(μ-O2CCH3) I2(THF)4]+[MoOI4(THF)]− and I(CH2)4I. The molybdenum complex has been characterized by X-ray diffractometry. Crystal data: triclinic, space group P 1 , a = 13.827(3) A; b = 15.803(7) A; c = 9.950(3) A; α = 93.34(4)°; β = 102.40(2)°; γ = 90.09(2)°; V = 2120(2) A3; Z = 2; dcalc = 2.559 g cm−3; R = 0.0476 (Rw = 0.0613) for 370 parameters and 3938 data with F02 > 3σ(F02). The metal-metal distance in the cation is 2.527(2) A and indicates a strong interaction. The magnetic behavior is consistent with the assignment of one unpaired electron to the Mo27+ core of the cation and one to the d1 Mo(V) center of the anion. The interaction between Mo(CO)6 and I2 in THF also results in the formation of 1,4-diiodobutane.
Extraction of phospholipids from structured dry chicken egg

Chicken egg contains a high level of phospholipids (PL) in the yolk. Recovering yolk total lipids and extracting egg PL with efficiency are important to the availability and utilization of these health-promoting lipid products. In this study, we prepared two structured dry egg yolk materials and used two common solvents to extract and concentrate the PL. We found that drum-dried flake-like yolk is an ideal starting material for lipid extraction. Anhydrous ethanol can extract almost all the neutral lipids and PL. PL with purity over 90% can be prepared by cold acetone precipitation from the total lipids.
Missed oral feeding opportunities and preterm infants' time to achieve full oral feedings and neonatal intensive care unit discharge.

Objective To examine the association of missed oral feeding opportunities among preterm infants with achievement of full oral feedings and length of hospitalization. Study Design A secondary analysis of clinical trial data was conducted. Study infants included in the analysis (N = 89) were randomized to one of four standardized feeding progression approaches; detailed records on all feedings were maintained. The proportion of oral feeding opportunities reported as missed due to factors unrelated to the infant's clinical condition was calculated for each infant. Results The proportion of missed oral feeding opportunities per infant ranged from 0 to 0.12; 30 infants experienced one or more missed oral feeding opportunity. Each 1% increase in the proportion of missed oral feeding opportunities extended the time to achieve full oral feeding by 1.45 days (p = 0.007) and time to discharge by 1.36 days (p = 0.047). Conclusion Preterm infants' missed oral feeding opportunities may adversely affect feeding outcomes and extend hospitalization.