cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF DAUGHTER STATE UNDER K*(890).

We have analyzed the region of ${K}^{*}(890)$ in terms of $s$ and $p$ waves, using a formula for the mass-dependent angular distributions and imposing the positivity conditions on the full density matrix which includes the $s\ensuremath{-}p$ interference effect. From this analysis we show that, independent of the production dynamics, the experimental data can accommodate little, if any, narrow-width $s$-wave state in the ${K}^{*}(890)$ region.
Anorexia and Osteoporosis

Abstract Osteoporosis, the loss of bone mineral density, is an important complication of anorexia nervosa. Often, the progressive diminution in skeletal integrity results in an irreversible weakening of bones despite recovery from anorexia nervosa. This can ultimately result in painful fractures in the spine and hip. Preventive therapy as well as medicinal interventions are available to stop the inexorable loss of bone mass associated with anorexia nervosa. Early diagnosis must be emphasized because of the serious health implications of osteoporosis.
Hybridization of DNA and PNA molecular beacons to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA targets

Molecular beacons are sensitive fluorescent probes hybridizing selectively to designated DNA and RNA targets. They have recently become practical tools for quantitative real-time monitoring of single-stranded nucleic acids. Here, we comparatively study the performance of a variety of such probes, stemless and stem-containing DNA and PNA (peptide nucleic acid) beacons, in Tris-buffer solutions containing various concentrations of NaCl and MgCl(2). We demonstrate that different molecular beacons respond differently to the change of salt concentration, which could be attributed to the differences in their backbones and constructions. We have found that the stemless PNA beacon hybridizes rapidly to the complementary oligodeoxynucleotide and is less sensitive than the DNA beacons to the change of salt thus allowing effective detection of nucleic acid targets under various conditions. Though we found stemless DNA beacons improper for diagnostic purposes due to high background fluorescence, we believe that use of these DNA and similar RNA constructs in molecular-biophysical studies may be helpful for analysis of conformational flexibility of single-stranded nucleic acids. With the aid of PNA "openers", molecular beacons were employed for the detection of a chosen target sequence directly in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Conditions are found where the stemless PNA beacon strongly discriminates the complementary versus mismatched dsDNA targets. Together with the insensitivity of PNA beacons to the presence of salt and DNA-binding/processing proteins, the latter results demonstrate the potential of these probes as robust tools for recognition of specific sequences within dsDNA without denaturation and deproteinization of duplex DNA.
Regularized higher-order in vivo shimming.

A regularized algorithm is presented for localized in vivo shimming. The technique uses first- (X,Y,Z), second- (Z(2), ZX, ZY, X(2)-Y(2), XY), and third-order (Z(3)) shim coils, and is robust when applied to arbitrarily-shaped, as well as off-center, regions of interest (ROIs). A single-shot spiral pulse sequence is used for rapid field map acquisition, and a least-squares calculation of the shim currents is performed to minimize the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the B(0) inhomogeneity over a user-selected ROI. The use of a singular value decomposition (SVD) in combination with a regularization algorithm significantly improves the numerical stability of the least-squares fitting procedure. The fully automated shimming package is implemented on a 3 T GE Signa system and its robust performance is demonstrated in phantom and in vivo studies.
Differentiation of t-lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood stem cells cultured In vitro On murine thymic stroma

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) differentiate in the thymus in to T cells along precisely defined steps. In this process the interaction between the thymic stroma, the epithelium and the hematopoietic precursors is indispensable. Previously it has been shown that human CD34 + cells from fetal liver, umbilical cord blood and adult bone marrow could differentiate meaningful numbers of T cells when seeded either into fetal thymic organ cultures (FTOCs) or human and Rhesus fetal thymic stromal monolayers. In severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse models, development of T cells from transplanted human CD34 + cells requires previous engraftment of a human fetal thymus. All the mentioned assays require fetal tissues and are technically cumbersome. We set out to explore the possibility of using murine thymic stromal microenvironment to support differentiation of lymphocytes from human HSCs. Here we report that highly purified CD34 + or AC133 + CD34 + human umbilical cord blood cells generate T cells and natural killer (NK) cells when cultured on irradiated murine thymic stromal monolayers in the presence of recombinant human IL-12 and recombinant murine SCF. In this system, the human stem cells differentiate sequentially into CD4 + CD8 − CD3 − , CD4 + CD8 + CD3 − , CD4 + CD8 + CD3 + , and finally, CD4 + CD8 − CD3 + and CD4 − CD8 + CD3 + cells expressing T cell receptor α/β. CD56 + CD3 − NK cells were also differentiated and all cells strongly expressed human leucocyte-common antigen CD45. The kinetics of differentiation from HSCs to mature T cells were completed in about 6 weeks. Mature T-cells appeared to be functional as assessed by their normal response to mitogenic stimuli. This novel chimeric human-mouse thymic stromal culture offers a tool to study human T-cell ontogeny in vitro and is a rapid assay for T-cell precursor activity of genetically modified human stem cells. It also provides a preclinical model for analyzing the stability of transgene expression in differentiating lymphocytes.
Severe Left Main Coronary Arterial Stenosis With Right Coronary Arterial Occlusion: Results of Bypass Graft Surgery

A detailed study was made of preoperative, operative and postoperative data from 69 patients with severe (70 percent or greater) luminal narrowing of the left main coronary artery and occlusion of the right coronary artery who underwent bypass surgery from December 1970 through December 1978. Preoperatively, 40.6 percent of patients were in functional class III and 55.1 percent in class IV. Ninety-six percent of those tested had a positive electrocardiographic treadmill test. Coronary bypass grafting was accomplished using standard techniques in all patients. An average of 2.7 grafts/patient were placed. The hospital mortality rate was 4.3 percent, and an additional 4.3 percent died before the end of 1 year. A history of congestive heart failure was a significant predictor (p less than 0.05) of postoperative mortality. An intraaortic balloon pump was not inserted in 64 patients, and our experience suggests that it was a necessary preoperative adjunct. A postoperative treadmill test was negative in 92 percent of those patients tested. Of those surviving 1 year postoperatively, 89 percent were in functional class I and 8 percent in class II. This study demonstrates a surgical mortality rate comparable with that of patients with left main coronary stenosis alone and a significantly better survival rate than that of similar patients treated medically.
Medical therapy of stone disease: from prevention to promotion of passage options.

Medical therapy has been used for many years in the prevention of urinary stones. Medications directed at correcting urinary metabolic abnormalities responsible for promoting stone formation include thiazide diuretics, citrate salts, and allopurinol. All have proven to be efficacious. In addition, intake of citrate-rich juices, such as lemonade, may help to reduce urinary stone formation. More recently, there has been increasing interest in and use of medical therapy to aide in the passage of ureteral stones. Medical expulsive therapy (MET) has been shown to be cost effective compared with observation followed by treatment. α-Adrenergic receptor blockers are most commonly prescribed to promote passage of ureteral stones. They are able to facilitate stone passage, reduce time to passage, and decrease pain. Calcium-channel blockers also increase stone-passage rates. Steroids are useful adjuncts in MET.
Prenatal US diagnosis of congenital imperforate hymen.

A 32-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, was referred for third-trimester sonography at 34 weeks’ gestation to evaluate fetal growth. Sonography revealed a female fetus with an echogenic, midline, nonvascular pelvic mass (Fig. 1, arrow) and no associated genitourinary abnormality. Differential diagnoses included an ovarian mass, distended rectum, hydrocolpos, vaginal atresia and urogenital sinus. Postnatal US revealed an echogenic, fluid-containing midline pelvic mass (Fig. 2, black arrow) in the setting of an imperforate hymen. The cervix is marked (double white arrows). The
HIV-Associated Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy: Clinical Features and Nursing Management

Summary DSPN is a common manifestation of HIV infection and/or its treatment that can have adverse effects on quality of life and functional status. The pathogenesis remains unclear but likely involves the elaboration of neurotoxic inflammatory cytokines and their metabolites. DSPN is often refractory to available pharmacological treatments, although new treatments involving NGF hold promise for effecting sustained symptom relief and reversing axonal degeneration. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments, such as cognitive-behavioral therapies, to alleviate DSPN-associated pain.
Cuprite Nanowires by Electrodeposition from Lyotropic Reverse Hexagonal Liquid Crystalline Phase

Cuprite (Cu2O) nanowires with diameter of 25−100 nm were electrodeposited from anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate reverse hexagonal liquid crystalline phase. The nanowires can be grown to up to tens of micrometers in length by simply changing the electrodeposition time. Resistivity measurements suggest improved alignment of the reverse hexagonal liquid crystalline phase under electric field during electrodeposition. The enhanced alignment of the liquid crystalline phase appears essential for the growth of nanowires with high aspect ratio. This new synthesis approach is fast and simple, and a great variety of organized assemblies are potentially available by simply adjusting the liquid crystal type and composition.
Dose escalation with overdose control using a quasi-continuous toxicity score in cancer Phase I clinical trials

Escalation with overdose control (EWOC) is a Bayesian adaptive design for selecting dose levels in cancer Phase I clinical trials while controlling the posterior probability of exceeding the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). EWOC has been used by clinicians to design many cancer Phase I clinical trials, see e.g. [1-4]. However, this design treats the toxicity response as a binary indicator of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and does not account for the number and specific grades of toxicities experienced by patients during the trial. Chen et al. (2010) proposed a novel toxicity score system to fully utilize all toxicity information using a normalized equivalent toxicity score (NETS). In this paper, we propose to incorporate NETS into EWOC using a quasi-Bernoulli likelihood approach to design cancer Phase I clinical trials. We call the design escalation with overdose control using normalized equivalent toxicity score (EWOC-NETS). Simulation results show that this design has good operating characteristics and improves the accuracy of MTD, trial efficiency, therapeutic effect, and overdose control relative to EWOC which is used as a representative of designs treating toxicity response as a binary indicator of DLT. We illustrate the performance of this design using real trial data in identifying the Phase II dose.
Initiation and Propagation of Stress-Assisted Corrosion (SAC) Cracks in Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes

Industrial boilers experience bulbous cracks in carbon steel water-wall tubes and other water-touched surfaces. Because these cracks are blunt and different from sharp fatigue cracks, they are generally referred to as stress-assisted corrosion (SAC) cracks. The performance of carbon steels in industrial boilers strongly depends on the formation and stability of the magnetite film on the waterside surface. To understand the mechanism for SAC crack initiation and propagation, slow strain rate tests were conducted in a recirculation autoclave under industrial boiler water conditions. The dissolved oxygen in the water was maintained from a negligible amount (5 ppb) to 3 ppm. The SAC crack initiation and propagation mechanism involves magnetite film damage and requires the presence of dissolved oxygen in the water. Increasing the test temperature accelerates the process. A mechanism for SAC cracking is proposed, and interrupted slow strain rate tests were carried out to validate this mechanism. Temperature and dissolved oxygen in boiler water are important factors in initiation and propagation of stress assisted corrosion cracks. SAC in boilers can be controlled by controlling the dissolved oxygen levels around 5 ppb.
Quinazolines I. ω-Tertiaryamino-α-(4-quinazolyl)-α-phenylalkanenitriles

Six new ω-tertiaryamino-α-(4-quinazolyl)-α-phenylalkanenitriles have been prepared for pharmacological screening and have been tested for anti-inflammatory activity. Attempts to hydrolyze and decarboxylate these nitriles into the corresponding ω-tertiaryamino-α-(4-quinazolyl)-α-phenylalkanes in acid solution gave none of the desired products. Instead, the only compound isolated was 4-hydroxyquinazoline.
Outer Hair Cell Electromotility and Otoacoustic Emissions

Outer hair cell electromotility is a rapid, force generating, length change in response to electrical stimulation. DC electrical pulses either elongate or shorten the cell and sinusoidal electrical stimulation results in mechanical oscillations at acoustic frequencies. The mechanism underlying outer hair cell electromotility is thought to be the origin of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. The ability of the cell to change its length requires that it be mechanically flexible. At the same time the structural integrity of the organ of Corti requires that the cell possess considerable compressive rigidity along its major axis. Evolution appears to have arrived at novel solutions to the mechanical requirements imposed on the outer hair cell. Segregation of cytoskeletal elements in specific intracellular domains facilitates the rapid movements. Compressive strength is provided by a unique hydraulic skeleton in which a positive hydrostatic pressure in the cytoplasm stabilizes a flexible elastic cortex with circumferential tensile strength. Cell turgor is required in order that the pressure gradients associated with the electromotile response can be communicated to the ends of the cell. A loss in turgor leads to loss of outer hair cell electromotility. Concentrations of salicylate equivalent to those that abolish spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in patients weaken the outer hair cell's hydraulic skeleton. There is a significant diminution in the electromotile response associated with the loss in cell turgor. Aspirin's effect on outer hair cell electromotility attests to the role of the outer hair cell in generating otoacoustic emissions and demonstrates how their physiology can influence the propagation of otoacoustic emissions.
Constitutional patriotism, liberal nationalism and membership in the nation: An empirical assessment

Liberal nationalists contend that moderate cultural nationalism promulgates liberal practices, while constitutional patriots stress its illiberal consequences, arguing that attachment to political democratic norms is more inclusive than cultural attachment. Although this issue has been the subject of extensive normative debate, it has rarely been studied empirically. This article addresses the question: How are political and cultural patriotism related to people's perceptions of national membership? To this end, it distinguishes between ‘political patriotism’, which reflects the principles of constitutional patriotism, and ‘cultural patriotism’ as an expression of liberal nationalism. Employing survey data from 15 Western democracies, the study explores the structure of these components of national identity, their empirical distinctiveness and their cross-country comparability. The way(s) in which cultural and political patriotism are related to people's conceptions of the nation is examined by models that analyze their relationship to the criteria of national membership. The results reveal that, virtually ubiquitously, cultural patriotism is positively correlated to ethnic, cultural and political criteria of membership, whereas political patriotism is principally correlated solely to political criteria. To a certain degree, these findings support the assertions made by constitutional patriotism on the one hand and disprove those linked to liberal nationalism on the other.
Collaborative activity management: organizing documents for collective action

Workplace collaborators make use of diverse types of documents and other resources. Traditionally, each type of document has been stored in its own repository, and people have had to manage multiple documents in multiple storage services. Workplace collaborators often have complex, ad hoc working relations that are partially executed through their shared documents. Traditionally, dependencies among documents and other objects have gone unrecorded, or have been stored in a piecemeal manner inside the documents, or have been objectified and rigidified in workflow engines. Workplace collaborators often need to coordinate with one another, both asynchronously and in real-time, and often in the context of their shared documents. Traditionally, people had no idea of the status of their collaborators, or they have had to consult other, unrelated services for awareness or presence information about their colleagues.We aim to change that. I will describe our research, findings, and possible futures of systems and services that are intended to unify the ways that people collaborate with and through shared documents. In our ActivityExplorer project, users innovated new ways of using our software, showing that a service with collections of shared documents, fine-grained access control, persistent communications, and real-time status information could serve diverse needs of a workplace of individuals, teams, and communities. Our Unified Activity Management project explored the harvesting of collective enactments, and their crystallization into work practices templates and rich placeholders for future collaborations. These ideas have led to successful technology transfer, and are making their way into products.In the course of this work, we sometimes found that simple ideas were much more popular than expected, paradoxically creating new challenges for users. I will describe two of those challenges, and our attempts to meet them. This new research has led us into domains of interruption management, machine learning, and very much into social computing, including technology transfer into another generation of collaboration products.People work together through direct communication and through shared documents. At every turn, people surprise us with their ingenuity and their ability to create new human and technological solutions with the systems that we offer them. I will close with a discussion of the concept of reinvention (innovation through usage), and how technology developers and users can learn from one another through cycles of development and usage, with innovative contributions from all parties at each turn of the cycle.
Protein kinase C isotypes in signal transduction for the 1,25D3-MARRS receptor (ERp57/PDIA3) in steroid hormone-stimulated phosphate uptake.

Abstract We undertook studies to determine which isotype(s) of protein kinase C (PKC) is/are activated by ligand binding to the 1,25D3-MARRS receptor (ERp57/PDIA3) and subsequent stimulation of phosphate uptake. Isolated intestinal epithelial cells from vitamin D-replete chicks were exposed to 1,25(OH)2D3 for 1, 3, or 5 min, thoroughly chilled, homogenized, and P2 fractions (20,000 × g post-nuclear pellet) prepared. Western analyses with anti-pan PKC revealed steroid-stimulated redistribution to P2 membranes 1 min after hormone. Using this time point, cells were treated with vehicle, 130-, 300- or 650-pM hormone. Western blots with anti-PKCα exhibited redistribution to membranes in a biphasic dose–response curve: slightly stimulated at the lowest dose, maximal at 300 pM 1,25(OH)2D3, and equivalent to control levels at the highest dose, paralleling hormone-mediated phosphate uptake. Westerns with anti PKCβ also revealed hormone-mediated differences, while those with anti PKCγ did not. RNAi studies were then performed with siRNA against PKCα or PKCβ. Untransfected cells treated with hormone for 7 min exhibited enhanced 32P uptake relative to vehicle controls. Cells transfected with either active siRNA revealed decreased 32P uptake in both controls (relative to untransfected controls), and hormone treated cells. However, control and transfected cells treated with hormone had equivalent levels of uptake. Western blot analyses confirmed decreased immunoreactivity in transfected cells. Chemical PKCα (safingol) and PKCβ ([3-(1-(3-Imidazol-1-ylpropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-anilino-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione] blockers also confirmed the results from siRNA and demonstrated decreased 32P uptake in cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 plus blockers in comparison with cells treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 alone. Thus, PKCα and PKCβ are both involved in steroid-stimulated phosphate uptake.
Blockbuster history in the New Russia: movies, memory, and patriotism

Stephen M. Norris has written a remarkable book on contemporary Russian blockbusters, skillfully combining historical, cultural, political, literary, and sociological analyses of what Russian film-...
Odysseus comes to know his place: reading the Odyssey ecocritically

Although nature looms large throughout Homer’s Odyssey, literary critics have entirely neglected to discuss his construction of the natural world in this foundational Western work. This neglect might be the result of two factors: the blurred line between geographical and fantastical locales in Odysseus’ travels and the blurred line between natural forces and deities. This essay recognizes that Homer not only reconstructs the Mediterranean world in his epic through detailed references to weather, geology, plants, birds, and animals but also that his similes suggest a consciousness of inter-species relationships. Principally, however, this essay argues, as does William Cronon, that “relationships, processes, and systems are as ecological as they are cultural,” and that Odysseus’ response to nature may usefully be understood in relation to three ecocritical models: the anthropocentric or domination model, the stewardship model, and the biomorphic model. His exploitative and aggressive behavior toward the Cyclopes, Circe, and the cattle of the Sun is contrasted with his recognition upon his homecoming of his own animal nature and his appreciation of the agrarian and pastoral life. While the tradition of writing in The Odyssey genre has vigorously continued in Western literature, only recently have contemporary environmental writers moved toward a recognition of the threat of the anthropocentric perspective to the imperative of working toward the stewardship and biomorphic models.
Phenomenological Analysis of μ Decay

The spectrum, asymmetry, and helicity of the electrons from $\ensuremath{\mu}$ decay are calculated from the most general form of the two-component neutrino theory with lepton conservation. In addition to the non-local interactions considered recently by Lee and Yang, terms appearing phenomenologically as derivative couplings may occur. In particular, a spectrum that is, aside from a statistical factor, linear in momentum is possible with $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\ne}\frac{3}{4}$. This could be interpreted as evidence that fermions of baryonic mass are responsible for the nonlocality.
Evaluation of regional pulmonary perfusion using ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging.

An ultrafast MR sequence was used to measure changes in signal intensity during the first pass of intravascular contrast through the pulmonary circulation. From this, mean transit time, relative blood volume, and relative blood flow were calculated. Data were collected in an isogravitational plane in six healthy subjects. A slight but significant gradient in transit time was present, with faster times at the lung apex. A significant decrease in blood volume, compared with the lung base, was also seen in the apex. Significant decreases in blood volume and blood flow, compared with central portions of the lung, were seen in the lung periphery. Six additional subjects were imaged along a gravitational plane. A significant gradient in transit time was seen, with faster transit in dependent regions of the lung. MRI is able to evaluate regional differences in pulmonary perfusion with high spatial and temporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 46:166–171, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Utility of Modular Implants in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Most surgeons believe that some level of modularity has a valuable role to play in primary total hip arthroplasty. However, all modular junctions carry some risk and recent problems with taper tribocorrosion have elevated concerns. These problems suggest that more rigorous preclinical testing should be undertaken before new types of modularity are widely used. Efforts to further optimize these junctions where they are needed, avoidance of gratuitous use of modular junctions where they provide only modest benefits, and a judicious approach to adopting new modularity are reasonable approaches to current concerns.
Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Respiratory compromise due to phrenic motor neuron loss is a debilitating consequence of a large proportion of human traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) cases (1) and is the ultimate cause of death in patients with the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS) (2). ALS is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by relatively rapid degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Patients ultimately succumb to the disease on average 2-5 years following diagnosis because of respiratory paralysis due to loss of phrenic motor neuron innnervation of the diaphragm (3). The vast majority of cases are sporadic, while 10% are of the familial form. Approximately twenty percent of familial cases are linked to various point mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene on chromosome 21 (4). Transgenic mice (4,5) and rats (6) carrying mutant human SOD1 genes ((G93A, G37R, G86R, G85R)) have been generated, and, despite the existence of other animal models of motor neuron loss, are currently the most highly used models of the disease. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a heterogeneous set of conditions resulting from physical trauma to the spinal cord, with functional outcome varying according to the type, location and severity of the injury (7). Nevertheless, approximately half of human SCI cases affect cervical regions, resulting in debilitating respiratory dysfunction due to phrenic motor neuron loss and injury to descending bulbospinal respiratory axons (1). A number of animal models of SCI have been developed, with the most commonly used and clinically-relevant being the contusion (8). Transplantation of various classes of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries and neurodegeneration, including ALS and SCI, because of the ability to replace lost or dysfunctional CNS cell types, provide neuroprotection, and deliver gene factors of interest (9). Animal models of both ALS and SCI can model many clinically-relevant aspects of these diseases, including phrenic motor neuron loss and consequent respiratory compromise (10,11). In order to evaluate the efficacy of NPC-based strategies on respiratory function in these animal models of ALS and SCI, cellular interventions must be specifically directed to regions containing therapeutically relevant targets such as phrenic motor neurons. We provide a detailed protocol for multi-segmental, intraspinal transplantation of NPCs into the cervical spinal cord ventral gray matter of neurodegenerative models such as SOD1(G93A) mice and rats, as well as spinal cord injured rats and mice (11).
New oral therapies for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism.

Purpose Data comparing traditional and novel anticoagulants are reviewed, and the potential use of new oral agents for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is assessed. Summary Practical challenges in using traditional anticoagulants are well established and have led to the search for new oral agents. Apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran etexilate are new oral anticoagulants that may offer simpler, more effective, and safer treatment and prevention of VTE, which may increase adherence to such therapy, improve outcomes, and decrease overall health care costs. Their immediate onset of anticoagulant effect, ease of oral administration, and lack of needed regular anticoagulation monitoring are of interest in the medical and pharmacy communities. However, in the treatment and prevention of VTE, more data will be needed to determine their ultimate place in therapy. This review is intended to provide pharmacists with an objective overview of practical considerations that can help them understand the clinical data to facilitate their selection of anticoagulants. Conclusion Apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran etexilate are new oral agents for the prevention and treatment of VTE. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2013; 70:113–25
Response dependence in simultaneously learned A-B, A-C lists

Martin (1971) has proposed that two independent memory codes are established for each item in an A-B, A-C transfer experiment. This results in the independence of responses B and C in a final modified-modified-free-recall test. In the present experiment it was hypothesized that only one code would be formed for each item if the subject was not allowed to forget one of the responses as he learned the other. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that presenting both responses together in time would facilitate the formation of only one code. Using a phi correlation as a measure of response independence, both the response maintenance hypothesis and the response concurrence hypothesis were supported.
Analysis of Aiming with Tools: Proprioception

One of the major areas of interest in the field of ergonomics is the design of hand tools. Though considerable research has produced more user-friendly tools, there has been some reluctance to use them for some tasks. It is hypothesized that this reluctance on the part of the user may be partly due to the reduction of accuracy while using those handles. A pilot study employing twenty subjects (10 males, 10 females) was undertaken to evaluate three different grip angles, between the tool and handle axis, combined with four visual availability of the target conditions. Each subject was asked to aim at the center of the target under all the twelve test scenarios, with each subject performing ten trials in each scenario. The target was a touch screen monitor. The interface was a black screen background with the center indicated by a red cross-hair. The results of this study showed that the dependent variable, accuracy, was primarily effected by the angle of the of the handle grip with respect to the tool axis and by the visual availability of the target in a manual-aiming task. The tool with the least ergonomically correct wrist position yielded the best accuracy. As expected, the blind condition was the worst, but seeing the points that had been previously hit as additional visual feedback did not improve performance. The overall implication being that the most ergonomically correct tool might not lead to the best performance unless proprioception or feedback is taken into consideration. This has direct implications for tasks such as laparoscopic surgery where a long shafted tool is used with little visual feedback.
Relative spatial expansion and contraction within the Müller-Lyer and Judd illusions.

The shaft portions of Muller-Lyer (M-L) figures, one-ended M-L figures, Judd figures, and their respective control (tails-up) figures were divided by subjects into eight equal-appearing intervals by means of successive bisections. For most of the control stimuli the length of the left half of the shaft tended to be overestimated relative to the length of the right side. For the tails-out version of the M-L figure, there was relative overestimation of segments of the shaft adjacent to the tails, while for the tails-in version there was relative underestimation of these segments. These results indicate that the distortion of perceived length in the M-L illusion is not distributed evenly along the shaft. For the one-ended M-L figures the apparent overestimations and underestimations extended further along the shaft than for the standard figures. For the Judd figure perceived length varied systematically along the length of the shaft from underestimation near the tails-in end of the figure to overestimation near the tails-out end. These results are contradictory to the hypothesis that the M-L illusion results from inappropriate size scaling produced through the operation of size-constancy mechanisms, since this conjecture would predict uniform expansion or contraction. The results are compared with findings that localization responses are accurate for M-L figures but biased for one-ended M-L figures and Judd figures.
Reactivity of vapor-deposited metal atoms with nitrogen-containing polymers and organic surfaces studied by in situ XPS

The reactivity of vapor-deposited Fe, Ni, Cu and Au atoms with nylon 6 ([–NH(CH2)5CO–]n), a nitrogen ion beam-modified polyethylene substrate (N-PE) and a nitrile-terminated self-assembled monolayer (CN-SAM) have been investigated using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). On nylon 6, Fe deposition produced Fe–O and Fe–N bonded species as well as an amorphous carbonaceous film at the metal/polymer interface. Metal–nitrogen bond formation was also observed during Ni and Cu deposition on nylon 6, although the C¼O functionality remained intact, and no evidence was found for the production of either Cu–O or Ni–O species. Deposition of Fe and Ni on N-PE and the CN-SAM also resulted in the production of metal– nitrogen bonds. In contrast, Cu exhibited little or no reactivity with N-PE and failed to activate CBN bond cleavage in the CNSAM, while the deposition of Au produced a purely metallic overlayer on all three substrates. The relative reactivity of different polymer functional groups in the present study was found to be largely determined by their respective bond strengths, while the overall metal reactivity trend (Fe > Ni > Cu > Au) can be correlated with the strength of metal–oxygen and metal–nitrogen bonds that can potentially form during metallization.
Recombination of shower partons in fragmentation processes

We develop the notion of shower partons and determine their distributions in jets in the framework of the recombination model. The shower parton distributions obtained render a good fit of the fragmentation functions. We then illustrate the usefulness of the distributions in a problem where a jet is produced in the environment of thermal partons as in heavy-ion collisions. The recombination of shower and thermal partons is shown to be more important than fragmentation. Application to the study of two-particle correlation in a jet is also carried out.
Rehospitalization in a National Population of Home Health Care Patients with Heart Failure

Objective Patients with heart failure (HF) have high rates of rehospitalization. Home health care (HHC) patients with HF are not well studied in this regard. The objectives of this study were to determine patient, HHC agency, and geographic (i.e., area variation) factors related to 30-day rehospitalization in a national population of HHC patients with HF, and to describe the extent to which rehospitalizations were potentially avoidable. Data sources Chronic Condition Warehouse data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Study design Retrospective cohort design. Data extraction The 2005 national population of HHC patients was matched with hospital and HHC claims, the Provider of Service file, and the Area Resource File. Principal findings The 30-day rehospitalization rate was 26 percent with 42 percent of patients having cardiac-related diagnoses for the rehospitalization. Factors with the strongest association with rehospitalization were consistent between the multilevel model and Cox proportional hazard models: number of prior hospital stays, higher HHC visit intensity category, and dyspnea severity at HHC admission. Substantial numbers of rehospitalizations were judged to be potentially avoidable. Conclusions The persistently high rates of rehospitalization have been difficult to address. There are health care-specific actions and policy implications that are worth examining to improve rehospitalization rates.
The effects of spinal mobilization with arm movements on shoulder muscle strengthening

[Purpose] This study was performed to examine the immediate effects of spinal mobilization with arm movements (SMWAMs) for strengthening the shoulder muscles. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 12 healthy male students who were studying at S University, Busan City. They had no musculoskeletal disease, or upper congenital malformation, and had no history of surgery or neurological disease. [Methods] The SMWAMs were performed on the 4th cervical vertebra (C4). For stimulation of the 5th cervical nerve, the spinous process of the C4 was pushed to the left and held in place. Then the arm was abducted to the point where spinous process was felt, and the range of abduction was examined. Subsequently, the abduction movement was repeated 10 times to the same point, and the gliding of C4 was held until the arm returned to the starting position. During the treatment, the head and the trunk were held in the correct posture. [Results] After SMWAMs had been performed, the muscular strength of shoulder flexion, extension and adduction significantly increased. [Conclusion] In our opinion, the SMWAMs are a very useful method for correcting spinal malalignment, and for stimulating the joint mechanoreceptors without the risks of manipulation. SMWAM is a valuable therapy method that can complement the demerits of mobilization.
Ion bombardment of alkali halides, III: Track-effect analysis of measured damage profiles in KCl

Abstract Single crystals of KCl were bombarded with monoenergetic beams of protons (1.5 MeV and 2.3 MeV) and alphas (2.3 MeV). Fluences varied from 1012 to 1014 cm−2. Combining the results of a photomicrographic procedure with values of crystal optical density, profiles yielding F centers/cm3 versus depth were obtained. It is observed that F-center concentration does not follow dE/dx. Profile shapes and magnitudes are accounted for in terms of the established concept of an ion infratrack, characterized by high energy density and dose rate, surrounded by a region of low energy density. The latter is assumed to have an F-center production efficiency characteristic of electron beam irradiation. The infratrack is found to have a significantly higher efficiency and to dominate F-center production. Analysis of data indicates that infratrack efficiency versus velocity may be independent of the identity of the incident particle, and leads to predictions regarding anticipated F-center production by heavy ions.
The effect of contralateral training: Influence of unilateral isokinetic exercise on one-legged standing balance of the contralateral lower extremity in adults.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of unilateral isokinetic exercises on the one-legged standing balance of the contralateral lower extremity. Subjects A volunteer sample of 32 healthy adults (12 men and 20 women) was randomized to training and control groups. Methods The training group received unilateral hip isokinetic exercises of the dominant leg for two weeks. Contralateral single-limb balance was measured before and after intervention, including three stability index scores of balance using Biodex Stability System: Anterior–Posterior Stability Index (APSI), Medio-lateral Stability Index (MLSI), and Overall Stability Index (OSI) scores. Results Comparison of pre-test and post-test data revealed significant improvements in APSI, MLSI, and OSI scores in the training group ( p p Conclusion These results suggest that contralateral training with unilateral isokinetic exercises increases the one-legged standing balance of the contralateral limb following a short duration of training.
Erratum to “Malignant primary chest wall neoplasms: a pictorial review of imaging findings” [Clinical Imaging 37 (2013) 8–17]

Erratum Erratum to “Malignant primary chest wall neoplasms: a pictorial review of imaging findings” [Clinical Imaging 37 (2013) 8–17] Frederico F. Souza, Mauricio de Angelo, Kevin O'Regan, Jyothi Jagannathan, Katherine Krajewski, Nikhil Ramaiya a Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA b Department of Imaging, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Transthoracic intraaortic balloon pump: A simplified technique

A technique of transthoracic intraaortic balloon pump insertion and a clinical experience with 14 patients is reported. The technique of transthoracic intraaortic balloon pump insertion can be done in a rapid and atraumatic fashion. A short prosthetic graft is used, and intraaortic balloon pump removal does not require resternotomy. The technique is a safe alternative in postcardiotomy failure patients with inadequate peripheral arterial access.
Esophageal motility disorder achalasia.

Purpose of reviewAlthough not a common disease, the last several years have had exciting breakthroughs in better defining the pathophysiology of achalasia, classifying the disease with high-resolution manometry and potentially exciting new treatments.Recent findingsThe introduction of high-resolutio
Ball Grid Array Thermomechanical Response During Reflow Assembly

The thermomechanical response of ball-grid array assemblies during reflow soldering is considered here. Experiments are performed to investigate the thermomechanical response of a representative system and the results are used to validate a numerical model of system behavior. The conclusions drawn from the experimental studies are used to guide development of a process model capable of describing more realistic BGA soldering scenarios. Process model predictions illustrate the system’s thermomechanical response to thermal and mechanical processing conditions, as well as component properties. High thermal conductivity assemblies show the greatest sensitivity to mechanical loading conditions.
Optimum sampling for characterization of systematic variation in photolithography

In this paper, variability in the photolithography pattern transfer process is analyzed by means of a large number of CD measurements spread across the stepper field and across the wafer. The variability is found to be highly systematic in nature, and methods are developed to extract the parameters of this systematic variation. Knowledge of the structure of the systematic variance allows for the selection of an optimum sampling plan to best capture the variance in future measurements of wafers from the same process.
Development Of Solar Tower Program In The United States

AbstractWith strong governmental support and broad based public approval, the United Statessolar energy program has expanded rapidly in the last few years. In particular, we havetraced the history and development of the solar tower from an idea in 1969 through firstfederal funding in 1973, to a program to initiate pilot plant construction in 1976. About3,000 heliostats will reflect sunlight onto a central receiver, in which 500 °C steam willbe generated to drive a turbo -generator. With this 10 MWe plant scheduled to feed electri-city into a utility grid in 1980, a 50 -100 MWe demonstration plant is proposed to be online in 1985.IntroductionNumerous references to the use of arrays of heliostats to redirect solar energy to acentral receiver appear in the literature. The earliest of these is credited to Archimedesin 212 BC (the sail burning incident).In this century, two efforts are most noteworthy. The Russians[l] carried out ratherdetailed optical and conceptual design studies of a solar tower system with a 40m focal
Sex Differences in Lumbopelvic Movement Patterns During Hip Medial Rotation in People With Chronic Low Back Pain

Abstract Hoffman SL, Johnson MB, Zou D, Van Dillen LR. Sex differences in lumbopelvic movement patterns during hip medial rotation in people with chronic low back pain. Objective To examine sex differences in lumbopelvic motion and symptom behavior during hip medial rotation in people with low back pain (LBP). We hypothesized that men would demonstrate greater and earlier lumbopelvic motion and would be more likely to report increased symptoms compared with women. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting University musculoskeletal analysis laboratory. Participants Persons with chronic LBP (N=59; 30 men, 29 women) were recruited from the community and a university-based physical therapy clinic. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Lumbopelvic rotation range of motion, amount of hip rotation completed before the start of lumbopelvic motion, and provocation of LBP symptoms during the test of prone hip medial rotation were measured. Results Men demonstrated significantly more lumbopelvic rotation (men, 10.0°±5.1°; women, 4.5°±3.9°; P P P =.050) reported increased symptoms with hip medial rotation. Conclusions Men could be at greater risk than women for experiencing LBP symptoms related to hip medial rotation as a result of greater and earlier lumbopelvic motion.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF TEFLON CATHETER ASSOCIATED PHLEBITIS (PHL) IN CHILDREN

The purpose of this study was to examine the natural history of PHL during peripheral intravenous therapy with Teflon® catheters (TC). Sites (286) were selected randomly and inspected daily for signs of PHL. Sites that developed PHL were followed until symptoms resolved. A random sample of TC tips were cultured. Ten percent (30/286) of the sites developed PHL. TC induced sepsis did not occur and colonization was not associated with PHL. Factors associated with an increased risk of PHL were: nafcillin (p younger, p black, p 72 hours, p<.01). Multiple linear regression analysis using these variables revealed PN, nafcillin, aminoglycoside therapy and age as the most important determinants of the PHL rate. The mean onset and resolution time of PHL episodes was 69.2±39.3 hours (range 200 hours) and 39.5±26.8 hours (range 84 hours) respectively. In 9 cases, PHL was not fully developed until after the TC were removed. No factors hastened the onset of PHL and only PN prolonged the resolution time of PHL episodes. We conclude that the rate of PHL in children is less than that of recently published adult rates (18-23%). Phlebitis appears to be a minor complication during infusion therapy with TC.