cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conference Report: The Seventh Biennial Mt. Sinai Conference on Cognition in Schizophrenia

The Seventh Biennial Mt. Sinai Conference on Cognition in Schizophrenia was held on April 1 (afternoon) and April 2, 2005, at the Savannah International Trade and Conference Center. As it has been since 1999, this meeting was held as an official satellite of the International Congress on Schizophrenia Research (ICOSR). This meeting was attended by 295 individuals, for at least part of the meeting, making it the largest stand-alone meeting addressing cognition in schizophrenia. The themes of the oral presentations at the meeting were consistent with two major trends in cognition in schizophrenia: a focus on treatment of cognitive deficits and a comprehensive approach to understanding the causes and functional relevance of cognitive deficits. In addition to the two sessions of oral presentations by high-level scientists, there was also a poster session, which featured 54 presentations. Of these poster presentations, 18 were also presented at a special cosponsored session at the ICOSR.
Chip-scale broadband optical isolation via Bragg scattering four-wave mixing

We report the first demonstration of a broadband optical isolation using a Silicon nanowaveguide via Bragg scattering four-wave mixing. We achieve an isolation ratio of 4 dB over a bandwidth of 8 nm.
VI. The influence of surface energy in disperse systems

1. 1. An extension of Gibbs's phase rule to take into account the influence of surface has been presented in some detail. A system in which one of the phases is in a state of subdivision (particle-...
On turbulence and complex dynamic in a four-dimensional Peano-Hilbert space

Abstract The work outlines a fairly model-independent scenario for a dynamic system to possess strange nonchaotic behaviour in the presence of quasi-periodic forcing. Implications for ergodicity and turbulence are discussed in connection with Sierpenski and peano-Hilbert spaces.
Group Perspective Formation and Strategies of Identity in a Post‐threat Situation

This paper is a microsociological study of a group of people who have undergone a threat experience. Within the combined theoretical frameworks of symbolic interactionism and phenomenology, the event is seen as a “reality shock” for its participants, involving cognitive crises in group and individual definitions of the situation. The after period is one in which procedures toward making the threat experience meaningful on both group and individual levels are instituted within group networks. These procedures on a group level involve the construction of a “real” event by the objectification of time and experience and through the emergence and attribution of post-hoc norms. Strategies toward the maintenance and continuity of identity include reconstruction of the threat situation, of other participants' behavior, of post-hoc norms, or of individual behavior, and the negotiation of identity on these various bases.
Molecular diagnostics as a predictive tool: genetics of drug efficacy and toxicity

There is a rapidly growing body of evidence linking genetic polymorphisms with functional changes in proteins that are responsible for the metabolism and disposition of many medications. Likewise, polymorphisms in genes encoding the targets of medications (e.g. receptors) can alter the pharmacodynamics of the drug response by changing receptor sensitivity. As a result, the inherited basis of drug effects is often polygenic in nature, and thus more challenging to define. However, technological advances, coupled with new insights into the molecular pharmacology of medications and the functional consequences of polymorphisms in the human genome, are providing the tools needed to elucidate genetic determinants of drug response, and translate functional genomics into personalized medicine.
Uveal Melanoma Presenting after Cataract Extraction with intraocular Lens Implantation

Four patients underwent cataract extraction with implantation of intraocular lenses. Preoperative ultrasonography did not include a comprehensive diagnostic B-scan analysis. Postoperative examination revealed uveal melanomas. The clinical presentations as well as the histopathologic findings of the two enucleated eyes are discussed. These cases emphasize the necessity for B-scan ultrasonography prior to cataract surgery when media opacity prevents adequate visualization of the fundus.
Comparison of plasma prothrombin and factor VII and urine prothrombin F1 concentrations in patients on long‐term warfarin therapy and those in the initial phase

Control of warfarin anticoagulation during the initial phase of therapy is difficult and empirically based. Plasma and urine samples were obtained from normal controls, patients under stable anticoagulation, and patients in the initial phase of anticoagulation. Total plasma prothrombin, des-carboxy (non-adsorbable with barium chloride) prothrombin, and native (total minus non-adsorbable) prothrombin were quantitated using Echis carinatus venom activation. Functional plasma factor VII (VII) was measured using a one-stage clotting assay. Total and des-carboxy urine prothrombin F1 (F1) were measured by ELISA. All urine F1 in normals and both anticoagulated groups was adsorbed by barium chloride. Plasma des-carboxy prothrombin concentration was similar for the two anticoagulated groups and did not correlate with 1/INR. Native prothrombin correlated with 1/INR in both the stable (r = 0.76) and initial phase (r = 0.74) groups. For any given INR, the subjects on stable anticoagulation had lower native prothrombin concentrations than the initial phase patients. Functional factor VII concentration also correlated significantly with 1/INR in both the stable (r = 0.64) and initial phase (r = 0.76) patients. Unlike native prothrombin, VII concentrations did not vary between the two cohorts for any given INR. Previous studies indicate that native prothrombin is a superior predictor of both hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications during warfarin therapy. Our findings indicate that VII, and not prothrombin, may be the predominant factor monitored by the INR. This further supports the need to reevaluate the usefulness of the INR in the monitoring of warfarin therapy during the initial phase.
Linear phase retrieval for wave-front sensing.

Phase retrieval from one or more intensity measurements is a potentially powerful and appealing technique for real-time adaptive-optics wave-front sensors. Under the assumption of small wave-front phase excursions, one is able to derive an exact solution to the inverse problem given three or more intensity measurements with known phase offsets. Applications include a high-order wave-front sensor to correct for residual aberrations in an adaptive-optics system in tandem with a low-resolution Hartmann–Shack wave-front sensor. The formula can also furnish mathematical insights into the full nonlinear phase-retrieval task.
Synthesis and properties of new sulfonated poly(p-phenylene) derivatives for proton exchange membranes. I

Abstract Several high molecular weight poly(2,5-benzophenone) derivatives were synthesized by high yield nickel-catalyzed coupling polymerization of 2,5-dichloro-4′-substituted benzophenones. The monomers were prepared by Friedel–Crafts catalyzed reaction of 2,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride and several aromatic compounds. The resulting polymers are organosoluble and show no evidence of crystallinity by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperatures of 5% weight loss of the polymers via dynamic thermogravimetric analysis in air were above 480 °C. Sulfonation of selected polymers utilizing concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature introduced sulfonic acid moieties to the aromatic side group. Activated fluoro aryl groups were also used to generate pendent sulfonated functionalities. The sulfonated polymers were examined for ion exchange capacities, water absorption capacities and proton conductivities. The sulfonated polymers were not good film formers, but could be demonstrated to show high values of proton conductivity in the range of 0.06–0.11 S/cm when supported on glass fabrics or via polymer blending strategies.
Polarization Dependence Of Diffraction By High Resolution Masks

Diffraction by small open lines in chrome (slits) has been measured and the data compared to scalar diffraction theory. The measurement system consists of a chopped HeNe laser illumination, a mask held by a translational and rotational stage, and a photomultiplier tube on a revolving arm connected to a lock-in amplifier under the control of an IBM PC XT computer. Results for slits down to a wavelength in size show transmission nearly proportional to slit size and only slight polarization effects. Initial plots of total transmitted power divided by slit size showed a decrease for small slits. However, correcting for mask bias and/or edge roughness shows agreement with rigorous electromagnetic theory.
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS XI. THE SPECIFICITY OF AZOPROTEIN ANTIGENS CONTAINING GLUCURONIC AND GALACTURONIC ACIDS

1. Azoprotein antigens containing glucuronic and galacturonic acids give rise in rabbits to specific antibodies. The immune sera show no serological crossing with antigens containing glucose or galactose. 2. The galacturonic acid antigen reacts in antipneumococcus horse serum Type I in high dilutions. 3. Azoprotein antigens containing galacturonic acid, benzene sulfonic and carboxylic acids precipitate in antipneumococcus horse sera of various types but not in normal horse serum. The mechanism underlying these cross reactions is discussed.
Protein–platelet interaction on heparinized surfaces

Heparin-coated surfaces exhibit prolonged compatibility with blood in vitro and in vivo. Deposition of platelets occurs on heparinized surfaces and results in thrombocytopenia, if the surface area is sufficient. Interaction of platelets with heparin-coated materials appears to depend on a protein intermediate. Precoating of heparinized surfaces with fibrinogen solutions, platelet-free plasma, serum, or exhausted or bentonite-adsorbed plasma does not protect against platelet interaction but incubation in albumin reduces platelet adsorption. The behavior of platelets in respect to protein-coated heparinized surfaces parallels the selective adsorption of specific proteins by platelets in suspension.
Ethylene Insertion in Tp‘Pt(Ph)(η2-CH2CH2) and C−H Activation of Ethylbenzene to Form a Platinum(IV) ortho-Metalated Phenethyl Complex

Heating Tp‘Pt(Ph)(η2-CH2CH2) (5) in benzene forms an ortho-metalated phenethyl hydrido platinum(IV) complex, (7). Presumably this net reaction reflects phenyl migration to ethylene to give the insertion product, Tp‘PtCH2CH2Ph, as an unsaturated intermediate. Intramolecular C−H activation of an ortho phenyl proton from this intermediate would produce the metallacyle product. Low-temperature protonation of the phenyl ethylene complex 5 results in the formation of a cationic η2-ethylene phenyl complex, [κ2-(HTp‘)Pt(C6H5)(η2-CH2CH2)][BAr‘4] (6). Low-temperature protonation of the ortho-metalated phenethyl complex 7 followed by addition of acetonitrile leads to reductive coupling of the Pt−H and the alkyl methylene group to give a cationic Pt(II) 2-ethylphenyl complex, [κ2-(HTp‘)Pt(C6H4-2-CH2CH3)(NCCH3)][BAr‘4] (9). Complex 7 has also been isolated as the sole product of gentle heating of Tp‘Pt(Me)2(H) (2) with the Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 in ethylbenzene. Additional analogous Pt(IV) metallacycles, (11a/11b) and (1...
Motivational subtypes among veterans seeking substance abuse treatment: Profiles based on stages of change.

ABSTRACT This study replicated an earlier study which identified five subtypes of outpatient alcoholics (Uninvolved, Participation, Ambivalent, Precontemplation, Contemplation) according to the stages of change model, extending the effort to 404 polydrug users at a Veterans Administration hospital. Subjects were administered a demographic questionnaire; the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); modified drug, psychiatric and legal sections of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI); the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST); the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST); and the University of Rhode Island Chang. Assessment Scale (URICA). Scores on the URICA were subjected to a cluster analysis, yielding four of the five profiles identified in the earlier alcoholism study. Since four out of the five profiles were nearly identically replicated in a more diverse substance abuse population, there do appear to be reliable differences in motivation as measured by the URICA in individuals applying for a variety of addiction treatment services. Continued replication of the profiles in different settings may clarify the parameters of the Uninvolved cluster not replicated in the current study. Members of the Precontemplation cluster scored significantly lower on the SMAST, DAST, and AUDIT; were significantly more likely to have had legal pressure to enter treatment; and were more likely to be referred to outpatient or community services than to inpatient treatment. The results are interpreted as suggesting that differences between the four clusters are most meaningful between the Precontemplation and successive stages of change. (Author/NB)
The infrared and Raman spectra of bis(trifluoromethyl)-peroxide

Gas phase IR and liquid phase Raman spectra of bis/trifluoromethyl/-peroxide over frequency ranges, assigning molecular skeletal bending and torsional oscillation modes
Group counseling in the schools: Legal, ethical, and treatment issues in school practice

School psychologists are interested in providing effective and efficient direct services to children. With a wide spectrum of psychological problems impacting children, group counseling represents one viable and valuable intervention. Given the complexity of group counseling, many schools and school psychologists are interested in legal and ethical issues impacting group interventions. From the attainment of appropriate consents for counseling to ethical dilemmas, the challenges involved in direct services are large. This article reviews mental health issues transforming children's mental health, considers differing group counseling models and stages of group development, and examines contemporary legal and ethical dilemmas inherent in school practice. Uniquely, a question-and-answer format is used to highlight legal issues for practice. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast Alfven wave propagation in a deuterium-hydrogen Tokamak plasma

Experimental measurements of fast Alfven waves propagating in a deuterium-hydrogen Tokamak plasma are presented. Mode conversion of the fast Alfven wave to an ion Bernstein wave and observation of local cavity modes of the fast Alfven wave are described.
Nonradiative decay from 5d states of rare earths in crystals

Abstract Nonradiative decay from 4fn−1 5d states was investigated for trivalent rare earths in Y3Al5O12. The rates of both 5d→4f and 5d→5d transitions were determined from measurements of the lifetimes and intensities of 5d fluorescence from Ce3+ and Pr3+. Because of the stronger ion-lattice coupling, nonradiative decay rates for transitions involving 5d states are much faster than those between 4f states. Decay rates are dependent upon the temperature and the energy gap to the next-lower level. The temperature dependences of the 5d fluorescence lifetimes from 77 to 700°K are reported.
Process modeling of the Quick-germ/Quick-fiber process: Energy, water, and economics

Abstract A process simulation model was developed on the SuperPro Designer® platform for a Quick-germ/Quick-fiber (QQ) modified dry grind ethanol fractionation facility. This paper compares energy and water demands, product quality, and economic performance between the QQ and the dry grind ethanol processes. Results showed that the QQ process reduces energy demand by 31.6% and water demand by 17.9%, produces more value-added coproducts, and improves the economic viability. The QQ process has a lower ethanol yield (0.405 vs. 0.414 L of ethanol per kg of corn) because of starch loss at the front-end separation. This model can be used to provide decision support for ethanol producers considering the new emerging technology.
Effect of Reference Loading and Crack Configuration on the Stress Intensity Factors In Weight Function Method

In calculating the stress intensity factors (SIFs) using the weight function method, the accuracy of the result depends upon proper selection of the set of reference loadings. The objective of the present work is to find a unique set of reference loadings to calculate the SIF at the tip of a crack of any configuration. Additionally, the universality of these reference loadings with respect to calculating the SIF for various crack configurations is examined. Two sets of crack configurations were considered, with and without a pre-existing crack. In each set, a horizontal crack and a slanted crack were analyzed.
The Simon task with multi-component responses: two loci of response–effect compatibility

The stimulus–response compatibility (SRC) effect refers to the phenomenon that responses are faster and more accurate when stimulus and response correspond than when they do not. The phenomenon is robust in that it is observed even when SRC is irrelevant to performing the task, a variant known as the Simon effect. Recent studies also demonstrated that responses are faster when they are spatially compatible with their effects in the environment (action effects) than when they are incompatible. This response–effect (R–E) compatibility effect is thought to stem from the fact that stimuli first activate anticipated effect codes, which then activate corresponding action codes. In the present study, the Simon task was used to examine influences of multiple response components on performance. Three response components were orthogonally manipulated. The results of three experiments indicated that there are two separate processes that are influenced by R–E compatibility; one that is responsible for the SRC effect (S–R translation) and the other that is independent of SRC (action programming). The influence of R–E compatibility on the former process depended on manipulations that varied attentional demands of the task.
AMINOPHYLLINE IN THE TREATMENT OF FLUID OVERLOAD

Objective: Aminophylline has not been studied as an adjunct diuretic in critically ill children. Our purpose was to evaluate its use in the treatment of fluid overload in these patients. Design: Open, controlled clinical trial. Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit. Patients: Study subjects ranged from 2-46 months of age, were fluid overloaded, and were receiving a continuous infusion of furosemide (≥6 mg/kg/day). Patients with hemodynamic instability or liver dysfunction were excluded. Interventions: A single dose of aminophylline (6 mg/kg) was given after establishing baseline values. There were no additional diuretics or changes in vasoactive agents during the study. Measurements and Main Results: Urine output, creatinine clearance, and sodium and potassium excretion were measured before and after administration of the aminophylline bolus. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) were recorded hourly. Urine output increased by >80% (p <.01) during the first 2 hrs after administration of the aminophylline bolus and then returned to baseline by 4 to 6 hrs. The change in urine output is consistent with the pharmacokinetics of aminophylline. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure exhibited a change of <10% from baseline. Conclusions: These results suggest that aminophylline is an effective adjunct to furosemide in increasing diuresis in critically ill children with fluid overload. The increased diuresis can be accomplished without increased risk if drug levels are adequately monitored.
On the tuning of variable piezoelectric transducer circuitry network for structural damage identification

Abstract The concept of using piezoelectric transducer circuitry with tunable inductance has been recently proposed to enhance the performance of frequency-shift-based damage identification method. While this approach has shown promising potential, a piezoelectric circuitry tuning methodology that can yield the optimal damage identification performance has not been synthesized. This research aims at advancing the state-of-the-art by exploring the characteristics of inductance tuning such that the enrichment of frequency measurements can be effectively realized to highlight the damage occurrence. Analysis shows that when the inductance is tuned to accomplish eigenvalue curve veering, the change of system eigenvalues induced by structural damage will vary significantly with respect to the change of inductance. Therefore, by tuning the inductance near the curve-veering range, one may obtain a family of frequency response functions that could effectively reflect the damage occurrence. When multiple tunable piezoelectric transducer circuitries are integrated to the mechanical structure, multiple eigenvalue curve veering can be simultaneously accomplished, and a series of inductance tunings can be formed by accomplishing curve veering between different pairs of system eigenvalues. It will then be shown that, to best characterize the damage occurrence, the favorable inductance tuning sequence should be selected as that leads to a “comprehensive” set of eigenvalue curve veering, i.e., all measurable natural frequencies undergo curve veering at least once. An iterative second-order perturbation-based algorithm is used to identify the locations and severities of the structural damages based on the frequency measurements before and after the damage occurrence. Numerical analyses on benchmark beam and plate structures have been carried out to examine the system performance. The effects of measurement noise on the effectiveness of the proposed damage identification method are also evaluated. It is demonstrated that the damage identification results can be significantly improved by using the variable piezoelectric transducer circuitry network with the favorable inductance-tuning scheme proposed in this research.
Digital Libraries and Librarians of the 21st Century

SUMMARY New forms of scholarship and publishing are radically and rapidly changing the relationships among those who create, store, distribute, and use information. This paper will focus on the changes in library collections and library information technology organizations, the resulting advancements in scholarly research, and will discuss the attributes, attitudes, and skills needed by the librarians of tomorrow to develop the strong connections between the academic disciplines and research libraries that are essential for library development in the 21st century.
Workshop: Robust algorithms for inferring haplotype phase and deletion polymorphism from high-throughput whole genome sequence data

Genetic heterogeneity of rare mutations with severe effects is more commonly being viewed as a major component of disease[1]. Autism is an excellent example where research is active in identifying matches between the phenotypic and genomic heterogeneities. A substantial portion of autism appears to be correlated with copy number variation which is not directly probed by high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technologies[2]. Furthermore, de novo and mapping based genome assembly methods produce phase ambiguous assemblies due to the limitations of current sequencing technologies. As a result, phase-dependent interactions between SNP variants may hide complex genetic heterogeneities associated with disease. Thus, identifying the genetic heterogeneity of complex disease remains a major unresolved computational problem due, in part, to the inability of algorithms to detect small deletions and phase single nucleotide polymorphism. In the first part of this talk, we will present an algorithmic framework, termed DELISHUS, that implements a highly efficient algorithm for inferring genomic deletions of all sizes and frequencies in SNP array data. The core of the algorithm is a de facto polynomial time backtracking algorithm - that finishes on a 1 billion entry genome-wide association study SNP matrix in a few minutes - to compute all potential inherited deletions in a dataset. With very few modifications, DELISHUS may also infer regions that contain de novo deletions. We will show that DELISHUS has significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than previously developed methods and present a genome-wide deletion map of autism. DELISHUS may be run with SNP array or NGS data. In the second part of the talk, we will present our recent work on haplotype assembly of NGS data using our HAPCOMPASS algorithm. We suggest two new metrics for evaluating the quality of a haplotype assembly that do not require knowledge of the true haplotypes. Finally, we will show that HAPCOMPASS performs significantly better than the Genome Analysis ToolKit[3] and HapCut[4] for 1000 genomes data as well as simulated data for a variety of metrics.
In-line measurement of rheological properties of polymer melts

Shear viscosity (η), first normal stress difference (N1), and extensional viscosity (ηE) of polymer melts measured under processing conditions are important in process modeling, quality control, and process control. A slit rheometer that could simultaneously measure η, N1, and the planar extensional viscosity (ηp) was designed and tested by attaching it in-line to a laboratory model single-screw extruder. A tube (circular cross-section) rheometer to measure η and the uniaxial extensional viscosity (ηu) simultaneously was also designed and tested. Two commercial grades of LDPE (low density polyethylene) with melt index values of 6 and 12 were used as test materials for the study. Exit and hole pressure methods were used to estimate N1, and the entrance pressure drop method using the analyses of Cogswell, Binding, and Gibson (the last analysis used with the axisymmetric case only) was used to estimate ηE.
Parallel execution of sequential scheme with ParaTran

This paper describes a system called ParaTran for executing sequential Scheme in parallel. It supports arbitrary side effects without requiring user annotations. The ParaTran runtime system detects and corrects data dependency violations using an automatic history and rollback mechanism. ParaTran is first described by analogy with Time Warp, a system for distributed simulation; this description is followed by a discussion of ParaTran's implementation and presentation of preliminary results.
Gene mapping and linkage analysis in Chinese hamster: assignment of the genes for APRT, LDHA, IDH2, and GAA to chromosome 3.

Interspecific somatic cell hybrids were generated by fusion of Chinese hamster spleen cells or primary fibroblasts with cells from an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)-deficient mouse subline derived from LMTK− Cl.1D. Subclones which had been selected for either retention or loss ofAPRT were subjected to combined isozyme and chromosome segregation analysis. Concordant expression or segregation of Chinese hamster APRT, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), and α-glucosidase (GAA) with Chinese hamster chromosome 3 allowed provisional assignment of all four loci to that chromosome. Exceptional subclones, in which coordinate segregation of these syntenic markers was disrupted by chromosome breakage or deletions, allowed further localization of these genes to specific regions of the 3 chromosome.
Placental Insufficiency Alters Cerebral Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Asymmetrical Intrauterine Growth Retarded (IUGR) Fetal and Juvenile Rats† 274

Uteroplacental insufficiency often results in asymmetric IUGR. Despite sparing of brain growth, IUGR infants are at significant risk for ischemic neurological damage as well as neurodevelopmental delay. Mitochondrial electron transport is a primary source of free radical production which leads to subsequent lipid peroxidation associated with ischemia. As a result, we hypothesized that cerebral gene expression of key mitochondrial proteins NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) (a complex I subunit), subunit C(SC) of the mitochondrial ATPase, and the adenine nucleotide translocases (A1 and A2) would be altered in IUGR fetal and juvenile rats. We performed bilateral uterine artery ligation to induce asymmetric IUGR and sham surgery (C) in pregnant rats on day 19 of gestation. Cerebral tissue was harvested on day 20(F20), 21 (F21) of fetal life, and day 4 (J4), 14 (J14), 21 (J21) of neonatal life. To measure mRNA levels, we used RTPCR with an internal control. Gene expression of all four enzymes were significantly increased in IUGR F20 brain(C=1.0, ND4=2.45, SC=1.75, A1=1.62, A2=2.13), and gene expression of SC, A1 and 2 were significantly increased in IUGR F21 brain (C=1.0, SC=1.64, A1=1.61, A2=2.15). No significant difference existed between C and IUGR gene expression in J4 animals, though by J14 a trend towards decreased expression of all four enzymes existed (C=1.0, ND4=0.83, SC=0.65, A1=0.82, A2=0.64). In J21 animals, cerebral gene expression of all four enzymes significantly declined in IUGR pups ≅50% relative to controls (C=1.0, ND4=0.41, SC=0.62, A1=0.49, A2=0.52). We conclude that alterations in the intrauterine milieu associated with placental insufficiency increase gene expression of ND4,SC,A1, and A2 despite sparing of gross brain growth. We speculate that increased fetal cerebral gene expression of these mitochondrial enzymes may predispose the IUGR infant to perinatal neurological damage and are a consequence of limited metabolic fuel. Interestingly, gene expression of all four mitochondrial enzymes declined in the IUGR juvenile despite removal from the altered intrauterine enviroment. A possible relationship between decreased cerebral mitochondrial gene expression and neurodevelopmental function requires future study.
Incremental redistribution of protein kinase C underlies the acquisition curve during in vitro associative conditioning in Hermissenda.

An incremental increase in the excitability (i.e., input resistance, evoked spike frequency) of B photoreceptors in Hermissenda accompanied successive pairings of light and presynaptic stimulation of vestibular hair cells (simulating light-rotation pairings in an intact animal). Analysis of protein kinase C (PKC) in the Hermissenda's photoreceptors indicated a training-induced incremental reduction of PKC in cytosolic compartments, a tendency toward an increase in membrane compartments, and a small decrease in total enzyme activity (possibly owing to a downregulation or conversion of PKC to a calcium-independent state). Neither the biophysical or biochemical effects were observed in Hermissenda exposed to unpaired light and rotation or in those trained in the presence of the selective PKC inhibitor NPC-15437 (which had no effect on synaptic interactions or light-induced generator potentials). These results suggest that the intracellular redistribution of a protein kinase contributes critically to the kinetics of new learning.
What lies beneath?: Knowledge infrastructures in the subseafloor biosphere and beyond

We present preliminary findings from a three-year research project comprised of longitudinal qualitative case studies of data practices in four large, distributed, highly multidisciplinary scientific collaborations. This project follows a 2 $$\times $$× 2 research design: two of the collaborations are big science while two are little science, two have completed data collection activities while two are ramping up data collection. This paper is centered on one of these collaborations, a project bringing together scientists to study subseafloor microbial life. This collaboration is little science, characterized by small teams, using small amounts of data, to address specific questions. Our case study employs participant observation in a laboratory, interviews ($$n=49$$n=49 to date) with scientists in the collaboration, and document analysis. We present a data workflow that is typical for many of the scientists working in the observed laboratory. In particular, we show that, although this workflow results in datasets apparently similar in form, nevertheless a large degree of heterogeneity exists across scientists in this laboratory in terms of the methods they employ to produce these datasets--even between scientists working on adjacent benches. To date, most studies of data in little science focus on heterogeneity in terms of the types of data produced: this paper adds another dimension of heterogeneity to existing knowledge about data in little science. This additional dimension makes more complex the task of management and curation of data for subsequent reuse. Furthermore, the nature of the factors that contribute to heterogeneity of methods suggest that this dimension of heterogeneity is a persistent and unavoidable feature of little science.
A resistance probe method for determining local solid particle mixing rates in a batch fluidized bed

A new method of measuring local solid mixing rates utilizing electrical resistance probe measurements is proposed. Apparatus is described briefly and data obtained from a fluidized conducting-coke bed are given to illustrate its utility. On propose une nouvelle methode pour mesurer le taux local de melange de solids utilisant une electrode a resistance electrique. L'appareil est decrit brievement et les donnees obtenucs dans un lit fluidise de coke sont donnees pour demontrer son utilite.
Deliberative democracy and adult civic education

Adult education programs should turn to the deliberative democracy movement in order to help their communities better address the “wicked problems” they face.
There Are Only Nine Finite Groups of Fractional Linear Transformations with Integer Coefficients

(2004). There Are Only Nine Finite Groups of Fractional Linear Transformations with Integer Coefficients. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 211-218.
The dawn of quantum communication

Dramatic paradigm shifts over the past few centuries have led to a rich landscape of options in human and machine communication. Communication today is deeply intertwined with our personal and social lives in addition to being a vital part of businesses and government operations---both overt and covert. This talk will address the evolving role that the fundamental laws of quantum physics are likely to play in giving communication yet another dimension in its richness. Quantum communication will bring about not only communication in the form as we know it, but also ensure that it is unconditionally secure as it transits through any medium. Given that information is the currency of a modern society, its security is paramount for the wellbeing of an individual, a society, a nation, or the globe as a whole. The talk will discuss the short history of quantum communication and draw upon the theoretical and experimental work that the author and his colleagues have conducted over the past few years in order to chart out the likely course of future events in the emerging age of secure communication.
Algorithms And Hardware Technology For Real-Time Classification And Target Detection Of Military Vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of the surveillance and counter-surveillance classification of military vehicles using one-dimensional analysis of the target images. A two-dimensional image is digitized into a n by n pixel matrix which is summed along each row and column to produce a pair of n-component vectors which are invariant under image translation or rotation. The Fourier Transform of this one-dimensional image representation is analogous to the spectra which are produced by the Direct Electronic Fourier Transform (DEFT) acousto-optical real time devices. The digital pixel vector formalism simulates the DEFT device for the purpose of bandwidth extension and signal to noise improvement. Computer algorithms are presented to preprocess the image data for edge enhancement and feature extraction.. This data is further processed to extract a single number which identifies the vehicle image. Results are presented for several different types of the US Army vehicles in a number of distinct background scenarios.
The histophysiology of rat plantar sweat glands

The plantar sweat glands of the rat have been studied by light and electron microscopy. These glands differ from conventional eccrine sweat glands of man, other primates, and cats in that the secretory segment contains only one type of secretory cell. This cell is characterized by a relatively nondescript cytoplasm containing numerous vesicles, extensive interdigitations of adjacent plasma membranes and small microvilli projecting into the lumen. In the resting gland, two types of cells can be distinguished on the basis of mitochondrial morphology. Some cells contain mitochondria in condensed configurations, and others contain mitochondria in the more orthodox configuration. Following stimulation, these differences are not pronounced; and the condensed mitochondria have evidently changed into more orthodox mitochondria in appearance. No distinct cytologic pathway for secretion could be defined, correlated with the most unusual ionic composition of the sweat in this animal (very high levels of potassium). The sweat glands of the rat foot pad then are unique as compared with other cutaneous glands both in their cytologic appearance and in the chemical composition of the sweat they elaborate.
A review of personal/portable monitors and samplers for airborne particles.

A review of personal and portable particulate monitors and samplers for measuring and sampling airborne particulate matter is presented. These monitors and samplers are proving to be valuable tools for assessing individual exposure to environmental and occupationally generated particulates. The devices are characterized in terms of their sampling characteristics, their monitoring or measurement technique, their particle size separation (50% cut point) capabilities, their sampling flow rate, and their sampling duration per one battery charging cycle. All of the monitors and some of the samplers are commercially available. Commercial sources and originators (in the case of research devices) are made available.
Erwinia stewartii WtsA, a positive regulator of pathogenicity gene expression, is similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola HrpS

Erwinia stewartii contains a large cluster of wts genes that are required by this bacterium for pathogenicity on corn plants. Three complementation groups within the right half of this cluster, wtsA, wtsC, and wtsB, were previously identified. In this study, WtsA was found to be a positive activator of wtsB::lacZ expression. The wtsA locus was sequenced and a single open reading frame is present within the wtsA locus, which has the capacity to encode a 323 amino acid polypeptide. A corresponding 38 kDa protein was observed in Escherichia coli minicells containing the cloned wtsA gene. The predicted WtsA polypeptide has significant similarity to HrpS from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, as well as other members of the NtrC class of prokaryotic regulatory proteins. Similar to other genes activated by NtrC regulators, wtsB::lacZ expression in E. coli was dependent upon rpoN.
PMU placement for robust state estimation

Least Absolute Value (LAV) estimators that are based solely on phasor measurements are known to be robust against bad data provided that there is enough redundancy in the measurement set. This paper investigates the required level of redundancy and develops a systematic approach to place Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). The optimal placement will be such that it will guarantee robustness of the LAV state estimation while using a minimum number of PMUs.
5mC and 5hmC dynamics during PGC reprogramming and role of Tet1 in female meiosis

Meiosis is a germ-cell-specific cell division process through which haploid gametes are produced for sexual reproduction. Before the initiation of meiosis, mouse primordial germ cells undergo a series of epigenetic reprogramming steps, including the global erasure of DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5mC) in CpG-rich DNA. However, the 5mC dynamics and its relationship with the generation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during the reprogramming process are not clear. Here we analyzed the dynamics of 5mC and 5hmC during PGC reprograming. Unexpectedly, we found a “blank period” (E8.5-9.5) in which both 5mC and 5hmC are low. After that, 5hmC level increases and reaches its peak at E10.5 and gradually decreases until E13.5. Interestingly, 5hmC is enriched in chromocenter during this period in a Tet1 -dependent manner. While this germ cell-specific 5hmC subnuclear localization pattern is maintained in female germ cells till mature oocytes, such pattern is gradually lost in male germ cells as mitosis resumes at neonatal stage. Using a loss-of-function approach in mice, we show that Tet1 has an important role in regulating meiosis in mouse oocytes. Tet1 deficiency significantly reduces female germ-cell numbers and fertility. Univalent chromosomes and unresolved DNA double-strand breaks are also observed in Tet1-deficient oocytes. Tet1 deficiency does not greatly affect the genome-wide demethylation, but leads to defective DNA demethylation and decreased expression of a subset of meiotic genes. Our study thus not only reveals the dynamics of 5mC and 5hmC during PGC reprogramming, but also demonstrate a function for Tet1 in meiosis and meiotic gene activation in female germ cells.
Cerebellar infarction from a traumatic vertebral artery dissection in a child.

Infarction due to vertebral dissection is a rarely reported event in children. We describe the clinical presentation, radiological findings and surgical treatment of a child with cerebellar infarction
Mining named entities with temporally correlated bursts from multilingual web news streams

In this work, we study a new text mining problem of discovering named entities with temporally correlated bursts of mention counts in multiple multilingual Web news streams. Mining named entities with temporally correlated bursts of mention counts in multilingual text streams has many interesting and important applications, such as identification of the latent events, attracting the attention of on-line media in different countries, and valuable linguistic knowledge in the form of transliterations. While mining "bursty" terms in a single text stream has been studied before, the problem of detecting terms with temporally correlated bursts in multilingual Web streams raises two new challenges: (i) correlated terms in multiple streams may have bursts that are of different orders of magnitude in their intensity and (ii) bursts of correlated terms may be separated by time gaps. We propose a two-stage method for mining items with temporally correlated bursts from multiple data streams, which addresses both challenges. In the first stage of the method, the temporal behavior of different entities is normalized by modeling them with the Markov-Modulated Poisson Process. In the second stage, a dynamic programming algorithm is used to discover correlated bursts of different items, that can be potentially separated by time gaps. We evaluated our method with the task of discovering transliterations of named entities from multilingual Web news streams. Experimental results indicate that our method can not only effectively discover named entities with correlated bursts in multilingual Web news streams, but also outperforms two state-of-the-art baseline methods for unsupervised discovery of transliterations in static text collections.
Constraints on elastic parameters and implications for lithology on VTI media

Energy considerations provide constraints on elastic stiffnesses in media exhibiting transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry. If the anisotropy is due to thin layers, additional constraints hold. The constraints can be used to provide insight into the mechanisms causing the anisotropy, which in turn gives information about the lithology. These ideas are illustrated by some examples of anisotropic sedimentary rocks and sediments from the literature.
Mutation of acetylcholinesterase to enhance oxime-assisted catalytic turnover of methylphosphonates

Abstract Selected mutagenesis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) may enable one to develop more effective scavenging agents in which AChE itself, in combination with an oxime, will complete a catalytic cycle of hydrolysis of the organophosphate by rapid conjugation followed by enhanced nucleophile-mediated hydrolysis of the phosphonyl enzyme conjugate. Through enlargement of the active site gorge of mouse AChE by mutations Y337A, F295L and F297I, we studied continuous enzymatic degradation of S P -cycloheptyl methylphosphonyl thiocholine ( S P -CHMPTCh) in the presence of HI-6. Continuous hydrolysis of S P -CHMPTCh was measured spectrophotometrically from thiocholine released during hydrolysis with DTNB as the thiol reagent. The rates of hydrolysis expressed as moles of formed thiocholine per mole of enzyme per minute were 3.3, 0.69, 0.34 and 0.15 min −1 for F295L/Y337A, Y337A, F297I/Y337A and AChE wild-type, respectively. These rates did not depend on the initial S P -CHMPTCh concentration range employed. However, by increasing HI-6 concentrations, the rates approached a limiting value, indicating that oxime reactivation is the rate-limiting step in S P -CHMPTCh hydrolysis. Our results confirm that a mixture of a mutant enzyme and an oxime might serve as an in vivo catalytic scavenger of organophosphates.
Selective Targeting of Distinct Active Site Nucleophiles by Irreversible Src-Family Kinase Inhibitors

Src-family tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in human physiology and disease, and several drugs that target members of this family are in clinical use. None of these drugs appear to discriminate among closely related kinases. However, assessing their selectivity toward endogenous kinases in living cells remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the design of two Src-directed chemical probes, each consisting of a nucleoside scaffold with a 5′-electrophile. A 5′-fluorosulfonylbenzoate (1) reacts with the conserved catalytic lysine (Lys295) and shows little discrimination among related kinases. By contrast, a 5′-vinylsulfonate (2) reacts with a poorly conserved, proximal cysteine (Cys277) found in three Src-family and six unrelated kinases. Both 1 and 2 bear an alkyne tag and efficiently label their respective endogenous kinase targets in intact cells. Using 1 as a competitive probe, we determined the extent to which ponatinib, a clinical Bcr-Abl inhibitor, targets Src-family kinases. Remarkably, wh...
A simple method of producing discrete subcortical lesions using radio-frequency currents

The described procedures represent an evaluation of the use of radio frequency currents in the production of discrete subcortical brain lesions. The methods described and the electrodes used indicated that RF lesion size was closely and linearly related to a simple V dc index and that the resultant lesions were equally distributed around the position of the lesion electrode with extremely smooth and consistent perimeters.
A Comparison of Problem-Solving and Spatial Orientation in the Wolf ( Canis lupus ) and Dog ( Canis familiaris )

In this study I tested Benson Ginsburg’s theory that dogs should show diminished ability, compared to wolves, in orienting in three-dimensional space and manipulating objects sequentially. Dogs of all ages and juvenile wolves should do poorly on these measures, but at some time before sexual maturity, the juvenile wolves should begin improving to the level of adult wolves. Two adult and seven juvenile wolves were compared with 40 adult German shepherds. The initial task was to pull a single rope suspended from the ceiling; complexity was increased by the addition of ropes and by changing spatial configurations. Adult wolf performance was consistently successful across all tests and requirements. Juvenile wolves had little difficulty with one and two rope tests, but did more poorly in the three rope tests. The behavior of the dogs grouped into four profiles (# of dogs): non-responders (6), one rope (15), two rope (14), and three rope responders (5).