cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Software simulations of the detection of rapidly moving asteroids by a charge-coupled device

A rendezvous of an unmanned probe to an earth-approaching asteroid has been given a high priority in the planning of interplanetary missions for the 1990s. Even without a space mission, much could be learned about the history of asteroids and comet nuclei if more information were available concerning asteroids with orbits which cross or approach the orbit of earth. It is estimated that the total number of earth-crossers accessible to ground-based survey telescopes should be approximately 1000. However, in connection with the small size and rapid angular motion expected of many of these objects an average of only one object is discovered per year. Attention is given to the development of the software necessary to distinguish such rapidly moving asteroids from stars and noise in continuously scanned CCD exposures of the night sky. Model and input parameters are considered along with detector sensitivity, aspects of minimum detectable displacement, and the point-spread function of the CCD.
On the Value of Basic Research An Overview

Basic theory and research in personality and social psychology has provided an essential foundation of knowledge that has furthered progress concerning a number of important societal issues. The specific illustrations that form the contents of this special issue and support this assertion regarding the value of basic research are reviewed.
Design and analysis of efficient reconfigurable wavelet filters

Real-time image and multimedia processing applications such as video surveillance and telemedicine can have dynamic requirements of system latency, throughput, and power consumption. In this paper we discuss the design of reconfigurable wavelet filters for image processing applications that can meet such dynamic requirements. We generate several efficient hardware designs based on a derived family of bi-orthogonal 9/7 filters. An efficient folded and multiplier-free implementation of a 9/7 filter is obtained with the help of nine adders, which is a significant improvement over other existing approaches. We also propose an architecture that allows for on-the-fly switching between 9/7 and 5/3 filter structures. A performance comparison of these filters and their hardware requirements with other existing approaches demonstrates the suitability of our choice.
Beginning Science Teachers’ Use of a Digital Video Annotation Tool to Promote Reflective Practices

The development of teachers as reflective practitioners is a central concept in national guidelines for teacher preparation and induction (National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education 2008). The Teacher Induction Network (TIN) supports the development of reflective practice for beginning secondary science teachers through the creation of online “communities of practice” (Barab et al. in Inf Soc, 237–256, 2003), which have been shown to have positive impacts on teacher collaboration, communication, and reflection. Specifically, TIN integrated the use of asynchronous, video annotation as an affordance to directly facilitate teachers’ reflection on their classroom practices (Tripp and Rich in Teach Teach Educ 28(5):728–739, 2013). This study examines the use of video annotation as a tool for developing reflective practices for beginning secondary science teachers. Teachers were enrolled in an online teacher induction course designed to promote reflective practice and inquiry-based instruction. A modified version of the Learning to Notice Framework (Sherin and van Es in J Teach Educ 60(1):20–37, 2009) was used to classify teachers’ annotations on video of their teaching. Findings from the study include the tendency of teachers to focus on themselves in their annotations, as well as a preponderance of annotations focused on lower-level reflective practices of description and explanation. Suggestions for utilizing video annotation tools are discussed, as well as design features, which could be improved to further the development of richer annotations and deeper reflective practices.
PHAGE FORMATION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS MUSCAE CULTURES : VI. NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS DURING VIRUS FORMATION

1. The total nucleic acid synthesized by normal and by infected S. muscae suspensions is approximately the same. This is true for either lag phase cells or log phase cells. 2. The amount of nucleic acid synthesized per cell in normal cultures increases during the lag period and remains fairly constant during log growth. 3. The amount of nucleic acid synthesized per cell by infected cells increases during the whole course of the infection. 4. Infected cells synthesize less RNA and more DNA than normal cells. The ratio of RNA/DNA is larger in lag phase cells than in log phase cells. 5. Normal cells release neither ribonucleic acid nor desoxyribonucleic acid into the medium. 6. Infected cells release both ribonucleic acid and desoxyribonucleic acid into the medium. The time and extent of release depend upon the physiological state of the cells. 7. Infected lag phase cells may or may not show an increased RNA content. They release RNA, but not DNA, into the medium well before observable cellular lysis and before any virus is liberated. At virus liberation, the cell RNA content falls to a value below that initially present, while DNA, which increased during infection falls to approximately the original value. 8. Infected log cells show a continuous loss of cell RNA and a loss of DNA a short time after infection. At the time of virus liberation the cell RNA value is well below that initially present and the cells begin to lyse.
Scalable data race detection for partitioned global address space programs

Contemporary and future programming languages for HPC promote hybrid parallelism and shared memory abstractions using a global address space. In this programming style, data races occur easily and are notoriously hard to find. Previous work on data race detection for shared memory programs reports 10X-100X slowdowns for non-scientific programs. Previous work on distributed memory programs instruments only communication operations. In this paper we present the first complete implementation of data race detection at scale for UPC programs. Our implementation tracks local and global memory references in the program and it uses two techniques to reduce the overhead: 1) hierarchical function and instruction level sampling; and 2) exploiting the runtime persistence of aliasing and locality specific to Partitioned Global Address Space applications. The results indicate that both techniques are required in practice: well optimized instruction sampling introduces overheads as high as 6500% (65X slowdown), while each technique in separation is able to reduce it to 1000% (10X slowdown). When applying the optimizations in conjunction our tool finds all previously known data races in our benchmark programs with at most 50% overhead. Furthermore, while previous results illustrate the benefits of function level sampling, our experiences show that this technique does not work for scientific programs: instruction sampling or a hybrid approach is required.
DNase, ADAMTS13, and iPAD4: good for the heart

In this issue of Blood , Savchenko et al[1][1] demonstrate that removal of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and inhibition of neutrophil recruitment by DNase I with or without ADAMTS13 or inactivation of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (iPAD4) protects from cardiac damage after myocardial
Economic reforms and democracy: Evidence of a J-curve in Latin America

This article explores the relationship between economic reforms and democracy in Latin America between 1970 and 1995. Existing theories suggest divergent effects across time horizons. The implementation of reforms— economic liberalization—may initially destabilize democracy due to popular backlash or overzealous reformers' usurpation of democratic institutions. However, the potential outcome of reforms—greater economic liberalism— may later foster or reinforce democracy by dispersing economic assets, making rulers more susceptible to international constraints, or demobilizing social groups that may otherwise make politically destabilizing redistributive demands. Time-series cross-section analyses using an error correction model provide evidence of this J-curve relationship. Although countries engaging in economic reforms may experience a temporary deterioration of democracy, they tend to become more democratic in the long run. Findings are robust to numerous control variables, country and time fixed effec...
The Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase Yvh1p Regulates Sporulation, Growth, and Glycogen Accumulation Independently of Catalytic Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Cascade

Yvh1p, a dual-specific protein phosphatase induced specifically by nitrogen starvation, regulates cell growth as well as initiation and completion of sporulation. We demonstrate that yvh1 disruption mutants are also unable to accumulate glycogen in stationary phase. A catalytically inactive variant of yvh1 (C117S) and a DNA fragment encoding only the Yvh1p C-terminal 159 amino acids (which completely lacks the phosphatase domain) complement all three phenotypes as well as the wild-type allele; no complementation occurs with a fragment encoding only the C-terminal 74 amino acids. These observations argue that phosphatase activity is not required for the Yvh1p functions we measured. Mutations which decrease endogenous cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels partially suppress the sporulation and glycogen accumulation defects. In addition, reporter gene expression supported by a DRR2 promoter fragment, containing two stress response elements known to respond to cAMP-protein kinase A, decreases in a yvh1 disruption mutant. Therefore, our results identify three cellular processes that both require Yvh1p and respond to alterations in cAMP, and they lead us to suggest that Yvh1p may be a participant in and/or a contributor to regulation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase cascade. The fact that decreasing the levels of cAMP alleviates the need for Yvh1p function supports this suggestion.
Functional analysis of the SIN3-histone deacetylase RPD3-RbAp48-histone H4 connection in the Xenopus oocyte.

We investigated the protein associations and enzymatic requirements for the Xenopus histone deacetylase catalytic subunit RPD3 to direct transcriptional repression in Xenopus oocytes. Endogenous Xenopus RPD3 is present in nuclear and cytoplasmic pools, whereas RbAp48 and SIN3 are predominantly nuclear. We cloned Xenopus RbAp48 and SIN3 and show that expression of RPD3, but not RbAp48 or SIN3, leads to an increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic histone deacetylase activity and transcriptional repression of the TRbA promoter. This repression requires deacetylase activity and nuclear import of RPD3 mediated by a carboxy-terminal nuclear localization signal. Exogenous RPD3 is not incorporated into previously described oocyte deacetylase and ATPase complexes but cofractionates with a component of the endogenous RbAp48 in the oocyte nucleus. We show that RPD3 associates with RbAp48 through N- and C-terminal contacts and that RbAp48 also interacts with SIN3. Xenopus RbAp48 selectively binds to the segment of the N-terminal tail immediately proximal to the histone fold domain of histone H4 in vivo. Exogenous RPD3 may be targeted to histones through interaction with endogenous RbAp48 to direct transcriptional repression of the Xenopus TRbA promoter in the oocyte nucleus. However, the exogenous RPD3 deacetylase functions to repress transcription in the absence of a requirement for association with SIN3 or other targeted corepressors. Transcriptional coactivators and corepressors are large multifunctional molecular machines that have the potential to regulate promoter activity both through modification of the chromatin environment and through interactions with the basal transcriptional machinery (20, 43, 63). Several coactivators are
Trade as transfers, GATT and the core

Abstract We show in our model of international monopoly trade that transfers proposed by Grinols [Grinols, E.L., 1981, An extension of the Kemp-Wan theorem on the formation of customs unions. Journal of International Economics 11, 259–266.] support the grand coalition as a core allocation. We compare these transfers to those supporting the Shapley value
A Variant of Porcine Thyroxine-Binding Globulin Has Reduced Affinity for Thyroxine and Is Associated with Testis Size

The field of genomics applies the dissection of genetic differences toward an understanding of the biology of complex traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for testis size, plasma FSH in boars, and body composition (backfat) have been identified near the centromere on the X chromosome in a Meishan-White Composite resource population. Since thyroid function affects Sertoli cell development and adult testis size in rodents, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) maps to this region on the porcine X chromosome, TBG was a positional candidate gene for testis size. We discovered a polymorphism in exon 2 of the porcine TBG gene that results in an amino acid change of the consensus histidine to an asparagine. This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) resides in the ligand-binding domain of the mature polypeptide, and the Meishan allele is the conserved allele found in human, bovine, sheep, and rodent TBG. Binding studies indicate altered binding characteristics of the allelic variants of TBG with the asparagine (White Composite) isoform having significantly greater affinity for thyroxine than the histidine (Meishan) isoform. Alternate alleles in boars from the resource population are also significantly associated with testis weight. Therefore, this polymorphism in TBG is a candidate for the causative variation affecting testis size in boars.
Mean Water and Current Structure during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment

Abstract Mean sections based on data from a discrete one-year period during the Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment are used to describe and analyse the equatorial current system, its water masses and the transverse circulation in the central Pacific Ocean. Computations of mean geostrophic transports for the individual currents identify the south equatorial current as the strongest flow, transporting 55 × 106 m3 s−1. Information derived from the water mass and nutrient distributions is used to develop a consistent picture of the transverse circulation and of the role of the different divergences and convergences.
Side Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Assessment of Urinary Excretions of Renal Enzymes as Evidence of Tubular Injury

Pressure waves generated by lithotripters can cause injury to renal parenchymal cells. Disruption of or damage to renal tubular cells will result in release into urine of proteins which are not normally excreted. Four enzymes which are markers for renal tubular injury were measured in the urine specimens of 20 patients before treatment, one day after treatment, and seven days after treatment with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*).
Salmonella Infection in Gynecology

Summary 1. Two cases of Salmonella infection of the tubes and/or ovaries are reported. Three additional cases were found in the literature. 2. In one of the two cases presented, a positive stool culture of Salmonella is reported for the first time. 3. The route of infection has not been definitely ascertained, although blood stream infection (possibly to previously infected tubes) is not unlikely. 4. The positive agglutination tests indicate that the Salmonella bacilli are of etiologic significance in the causation of pelvic infection and are not accidental contaminants. 5. The manifestations of such infections are not clinically distinctive. Certain identification can be made only by bacteriologic and immunologic methods. 6. The treatment would not seem to differ from that of salpingitis caused by other bacterial organisms such as the gonococci.
An Actor–Partner Interdependence Model of Attachment and Need Fulfillment in Romantic Dyads

The present research tested the unique associations between attachment and basic psychological need fulfillment in relationships. Past research shows that anxious and avoidant attachment are associ...
Abstract WP324: Stroke Recognition Among Inpatient Staff at an Academic Medical Center

Background About 10% of all strokes occur in hospitalized patients. The goal of this work was to evaluate the knowledge of stroke signs and to determine predictors of that knowledge among inpatient staff at an academic medical center. Methods Stroke education was the topic of a mandatory in-service for all adult inpatient medical, surgical, and ICU nursing unit clinical staff; including nurses, techs, and aides. The staff members anonymously completed an optional web-survey which included free text responses for stroke signs and symptoms, along with additional multiple choice questions regarding experience and training. The primary outcome was stroke knowledge which was defined as correct naming of 2 or more stroke warning signs or symptoms. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of the primary outcome. Results The survey was offered to 1,593 staff members and 875 (55%) completed the survey. Eighty-seven percent of inpatient staff members correctly identified 2 or more stroke warning signs or symptoms while 31% identified 3 stroke warning signs or symptoms. Individual level predictors of stroke knowledge are shown in the Table. Greater self-reported confidence in identifying stroke symptoms and higher ratings for the importance of rapid identification of stroke symptoms were associated with stroke knowledge. Clinical experience, educational experience, work location, and personal knowledge of a stroke patient were not associated with stroke knowledge. Conclusion More than 80% of adult clinical inpatient staff members have knowledge of two or more stroke signs and symptoms. Future nursing education should emphasize the importance of rapid identification of stroke signs and symptoms and increasing confidence in knowledge of stroke symptoms.
Compensatory dynamics stabilize aggregate community properties in response to multiple types of perturbations.

Compensatory dynamics are an important suite of mechanisms that can stabilize community and ecosystem attributes in systems subject to environmental fluctuations. However, few experimental investigations of compensatory dynamics have addressed these mechanisms in systems of real-world complexity, and existing evidence relies heavily on correlative analyses, retrospective examination, and experiments in simple systems. We investigated the potential for compensatory dynamics to stabilize plankton communities in plankton mesocosm systems of real-world complexity. We employed four types of perturbations including two types of nutrient pulses, shading, and acidification. To quantify how communities responded to these perturbations, we used a measure of community-wide synchrony combined with spectral analysis that allowed us to assess timescale-specific community dynamics, for example, whether dynamics were synchronous at some timescales but compensatory at others. The 150-d experiment produced 32-point time series of all zooplankton taxa in the mesocosms. We then used those time series to evaluate total zooplankton biomass as an aggregate property and to evaluate community dynamics. For three of our four perturbation types, total zooplankton biomass was significantly less variable in systems with environmental variation than in constant environments. For the same three perturbation types, community-wide synchrony was much lower in fluctuating environments than in the constant environment, particularly at longer timescales (periods ≈ 60 d). Additionally, there were strong negative correlations between population temporal variances and the level of community-wide synchrony. Taken together, these results strongly imply that compensatory interactions between species stabilized total biomass in response to perturbations. Diversity did not differ significantly across either treatments or perturbation types, thus ruling out several classes of mechanisms driven by changes in diversity. We also used several pieces of secondary evidence to evaluate the particular mechanism behind compensatory responses since a wide variety of mechanisms are hypothesized to produce compensatory dynamics. We concluded that fluctuation dependent endogenous cycles that occur as a consequence of consumer-resource interactions in competitive communities were the most likely explanation for the compensatory dynamics observed in our experiment. As with our previous work, scale-dependent dynamics were also a key to understanding compensatory dynamics in these experimental communities.
The Linear Diophantine Equation

(1981). The Linear Diophantine Equation. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 200-203.
Multiple Sclerosis: Selective Deregulation of microRNA Biogenesis in B Cells (P02.066)

Objective: To study microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Background B cells have been strongly implicated in MS pathogenesis. MiRNAs are important regulators of gene expression. DICER1 and DROSHA are key enzymes processing short RNAs and are directly involved in miRNA biogenesis. Design/Methods: B cells, monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were separated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects (10 females and 4 males, mean age = 33.36 years) and patients with relapsing form of MS (17 females and 5 males, mean age = 35.68 years) from which 9 patients had clinically isolated syndrome based on CHAMPS criteria and 13 patients had relapsing-remitting MS based on 2005 McDonald Criteria. The patients were not on disease-modifying treatment. Gene expression was determined by gene expression microarrays (Affymetrix) and RT-qPCR. Protein expression was studied by Western Blot and normalized with endogenous beta-actin. Results: DICER1 gene expression was decreased by 1.54 folds, p = 0.007, and DROSHA gene expression was decreased by 1.6 folds, p = 0.02, in B cells of patients as compared to healthy subjects. In contrast, DICER1 and DROSHA gene expression in monocytes and pDCs were not different in patients as compared to healthy subjects. The decreased DICER1 and DROSHA expression in B cells was validated at the protein level. DICER1 protein expression (Mean ± SEM) in B cells was 0.17 ± 0.04 relative units in patients (n=9) as compared to 0.39 ± 0.08 relative units in healthy subjects (n=8), p = 0.03. DROSHA protein expression in B cells was 0.1961 ± 0.0342 relative units in patients as compared to 0.5098 ± 0.1104 units in healthy subjects, p = 0.02. Conclusions: MiRNA biogenesis pathway is selectively impaired in B cells of patients with relapsing form of MS. This finding may represent a new pathogenetic mechanism of MS. Supported by: In part by NINDS. Disclosure: Dr. Aung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balashov has received personal compensation for activities with TEVA, Biogen Idec, Bayer as a consultant. Dr. Balashov has received research support from Bayer and Biogen Idec.
Influence of Ac 92,100 (Counter®) on Microbial Activities in Three Iowa Surface Soils

Five laboratory tests were performed using 3 Iowa surface soils (Clarion, Harps, and Webster) to determine the influence of AC 92,100 (Counter®), O , O -diethyl S -[( tert -butylthio) methyl] phosphorodithioate, on microbial activities. The insecticide was applied to 10-g soil samples as rates of 0, 1, 10, 50, and 100 ppm. The 1 ppm rate is equivalent to a field application rate of 1 lb/acre. Soil samples were incubated at 22±1°C for as long as 6 weeks and samples were removed for analyses at weekly intervals. Microbial activities in the 3 soils were measured by ammonium production, nitrification, carbon dioxide evolution, sulfur oxidation, and cellulose decomposition. There were 276 analytical mean values for soil samples receiving insecticide treatment. Of these, 48 values were significantly (P=0.05) higher than control values (0 insecticide treatment), 14 values were significantly lower than control values, and 214 values were not significantly different from control values. From the data presented it was concluded that AC 92,100 has no inhibitory influence on soil microbial activities.
What is the best DFT functional for vibronic calculations? A comparison of the calculated vibronic structure of the S1-S0 transition of phenylacetylene with cavity ringdown band intensities

The sensitivity of vibronic calculations to electronic structure methods and basis sets is explored and compared to accurate relative intensities of the vibrational bands of phenylacetylene in the S1(A1B2) ← S0(X1A1) transition. To provide a better measure of vibrational band intensities, the spectrum was recorded by cavity ringdown absorption spectroscopy up to energies of 2000 cm–1 above the band origin in a slit jet sample. The sample rotational temperature was estimated to be about 30 K, but the vibrational temperature was higher, permitting the assignment of many vibrational hot bands. The vibronic structure of the electronic transition was simulated using a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) electronic structure codes, Franck–Condon integral calculations, and a second-order vibronic model developed previously [Johnson, P. M.; Xu, H. F.; Sears, T. J. J. Chem. Phys.2006, 125, 164331]. The density functional theory (DFT) functionals B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, and LC-BLYP were explo...
Effect of SIRT3 siRNA on ICAM-1 and E-selectin expressions in HAEC stimulated by ox-LDL

Objective To investigate the effect of SIRT3 gene on the expressions of inflammatory factors intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1( ICAM-1) and E-selectin in human aortic endothelial cell( HAEC) stimulated by oxidizedlow density lipoprotein( ox-LDL). Methods The cells w ere randomly divided into normal control group,transfection reagent control group,negative control group,and SIRT3 siRNA( 1,2,3 and 4) groups. When the most effectiveinterference sequence w as selected out,the cells w ere divided into normal control group,siRNA group,( 20,30 and 40 μg / mL) ox-LDL groups and siRNA +( 20,30 and 40 μg / mL) ox-LDL groups. The cells w ere transfected for 24 h and stimulated by ox-LDL for 6 h. SIRT3 mRNA level w as detected by qRT-PCR and its protein level w as analyzed by Western blotting. Mean fluorescence intensities( MFIs) of ICAM-1 and E-selectin antibody w ere detected by flow cytometry. Results SIRT3siRNA2 w as the most effective interference sequence. The interference efficiency of SIRT3siRNA2 w as 88. 62% in mRNA level and 80. 37% in protein level. Expressions of SIRT3 mRNA had significant differences in ox-LDL groups( all P 0. 05) compared w ith that in normal control group; w ith the increase of ox-LDL concentration,the expression of SIRT3 mRNA gradually declined( all P 0. 05). MFI of ICAM-1 and E-selectin had statistical differences in siRNA + ox-LDL groups compared w ith that in siRNA group( all P 0. 05); w ith the increase of ox-LDL concentration,the MFI w as enhanced obviously( all P 0. 05). MFI of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in siRNA group had no significant difference compared w ith that in normal control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion The SIRT3 gene has association w ith the expressive increments of E-selectin and ICAM-1 in HAEC stimulated by ox-LDL,and may regulate the inflammatory reaction in artery endothelial cell injury process.
Abstract A138: Identification of key immune regulators that control obesity-induced liver inflammation and diseases

Obesity has become a major risk factor for a number of human diseases, including cancer. Amongst different types of malignancies, obesity appears to have the highest association-rate with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the dominant form of primary liver cancer. Obesity-induced sterile inflammation is the key switch mediating the transition from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and HCC. However, the molecular mechanism underlying obesity-induced hepatic inflammation remains poorly understood. We show that fat accumulation increases liver damage and release of DAMP (damage-associated molecular patterns) from dying hepatocytes, to amplify inflammation and accelerate hepatic disease progression. These DAMP induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in macrophages, which direct inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in a manner that requires activation of a calcium permeable channel, TRPM2 (transient receptor potential melastatin 2). Blockade of mtROS generation, removal of extracellular calcium or ablation of TRPM2 expression in macrophages abolished DAMP-induced inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production, suggesting that a “mtROS-TRPM2” pathway drives DAMP-induced inflammation. Moreover, we identified HMGB1 as the key DAMP released from lipid-damaged hepatocytes. By using HMGB1 neutralizing antibody, we found it suppressed HMGB1 expression in the liver of MUP-uPA mice (an animal model for human NASH), and markedly attenuated liver damage, accumulation of lipid droplets, inflammation, and fibrosis, which represent typical features of human NASH. These results also suggest that HMGB1 is a key component of a vicious autoregulatory cycle triggered by HFD consumption, that mains ER stress and liver inflammation, as well as elevated HMGB1 expression and release. Citation Format: Zhenyu Zhong, Atsushi Umemura, Shuang Liang, Michael Karin. Identification of key immune regulators that control obesity-induced liver inflammation and diseases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A138.
FeTeMM Okulu Olmak İyi Öğrenci Başarısı Anlamına Mı Gelir

STEM education has received greater attention with increasing need of technology and engineering knowledge; therefore to improve young adults’ knowledge in STEM, schools have been designated as STEM academies all over the world, especially in the US. The authors examined and compared Texas STEM (T-STEM) academies and non T-STEM schools’ achievement longitudinally-2009 through 2011 to determine whether STEM schools fulfill their promises. Propensity score matching and HLM was used to determine the T-STEM and non T-STEM schools with similar backgrounds and analyze the longitudinal mathematics and science achievement of both types of schools, respectively. The results showed that from year to year for both school types, there was a statistically significant difference between students’ mathematics and science scores; however, there was not a statistically significant difference between T-STEM academies’ and their counterparts’ academic achievement over time.
Effect of Inconsistent Diaphragms on Exterior Girder Rotation During Overhang Deck Construction

Abstract The construction of bridge deck overhangs results in unbalanced eccentric loads acting on exterior girders which can cause rotation and increased stresses not accounted for during design. Permanent diaphragms and temporary bracing in bridge exterior girder lines or panels are used to resist these loads and subsequent transverse rotation of the exterior girders. The addition of extra diaphragms in the exterior panels is one potential alternative to temporary bracing which is not always effective. In this paper, a unique steel plate girder bridge in the state of Illinois with extra diaphragms in one exterior bay was instrumented with tilt sensors and strain gages to monitor transverse rotations and strains due to unbalanced loads occurring during construction. Two types of rotations were recorded; maximum and residual rotations. The extra diaphragms were included in the design of this bridge on only one side of the bridge to carry utility lines. The full bridge was modeled using the commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS and the model was validated using field data. As expected, diaphragm spacing was found to have a high impact on exterior girder rotations that occur during bridge deck construction. The maximum obtained finite element rotation was 0.47° which occurred at mid span and on the bridge deck side that does not have extra diaphragms. Field residual rotations were found higher (approximate 50% on average) than rotation determined from the finite element analysis. These extra stable rotations were seen in the exterior girders and was a result of permanent deformation occurring when the finishing screed passed by the section under consideration.
Using MLS Data for Hedonic Price Modeling: An Experiential Learning Activity

Multiple Listing Service (MLS) data are notoriously cumbersome for empirical analysis due to inaccuracies and incompleteness. Applied real estate market analysis using MLS data requires a diligent effort to identify and address data limitations. This paper describes a learning activity that provides students with an opportunity to work with a large, real-world MLS dataset to answer research questions about house price determinants using hedonic price modeling with OLS regression. The activity is designed for use with Microsoft Excel due to its ready availability. Available instructor resources include a dataset with 20,126 residential listings from a well-defined market covering a three-year time period with 85 data fields, directions for students, and a model answer. All instructor resources (password controlled) are available online at: http://tinyurl.com/mlscasestudy.
Diagramming Prior Knowledge In The Classroom

Engaging the student’s prior knowledge is considered by educational researchers to be an important part of constructing a strong foundation for new learning. Diagrams are one technique used in the classroom. Jill Larkin and Herbert Simon described the computational advantages of diagrams over text when used to communicate information in their 1987 article entitled “Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words.” This presentation describes a novel abstract diagramming technique designed to be facilitated in the classroom. Using paper and crayons, the participants create three diagrams that represent the externalization of their own prior knowledge of concepts in a domain of study. The presentation illustrates how differences in prior knowledge can be visualized using diagrams with greater speed in less time than the traditional use of text-based descriptions. The student diagrams were shown to contain a hidden conceptual topology, one that is described by Egenhofer in his 1991 article entitled “Reasoning About Binary Topological Relations.” This topology is recommended as a framework for structuring and facilitating student collaboration and sharing of prior knowledge and new learning.
Deep Robust Encoder Through Locality Preserving Low-Rank Dictionary

Deep learning has attracted increasing attentions recently due to its appealing performance in various tasks. As a principal way of deep feature learning, deep auto-encoder has been widely discussed in such problems as dimensionality reduction and model pre-training. Conventional auto-encoder and its variants usually involve additive noises (e.g., Gaussian, masking) for training data to learn robust features, which, however, did not consider the already corrupted data. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Robust Encoder (DRE) through locality preserving low-rank dictionary to extract robust and discriminative features from corrupted data, where a low-rank dictionary and a regularized deep auto-encoder are jointly optimized. First, we propose a novel loss function in the output layer with a learned low-rank clean dictionary and corresponding weights with locality information, which ensures that the reconstruction is noise free. Second, discriminant graph regularizers that preserve the local geometric structure for the data are developed to guide the deep feature learning in each encoding layer. Experimental results on several benchmarks including object and face images verify the effectiveness of our algorithm by comparing with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Microbial ATP Bioluminescence as a Means to Detect Contamination on Artificially Contaminated Beef Carcass Tissue

The use of microbial ATP bioluminescence was evaluated as a means to rapidly detect gross microbial contamination from feces on bovine-carcass surface tissue (BCT). Microbial ATP was selectively distinguished from nonmicrobial ATP by the assay procedure used. Regression analyses of microbial ATP and viable count scatterplots showed lean and adipose BCT artificially contaminated with bovine feces had the same regression line parameters (P 0.90 for both tissue types. Results indicated that swab samples can be held at 5°C for up to 6 h without compromising microbial ATP bioluminescence assay results. The microbial ATP bioluminescence assay shows potential for use as a means to rapidly detect fecal contamination on red meat carcasses and to gauge decontamination effectiveness and hence could monitor critical control points in a processing-plant HACCP plan.
Rastreamento, competência e conhecimento

Formas diferentes de externalismo epistemologico sao discutidas. O conceito de rastreamento e analisado, e o papel do conceito de virtude epistemica e investigado.In this paper different forms of epistemological externalism are discussed. The concept of tracking is analyzed, and the role of the concept of epistemic virtue is investigated.
Current carried by the Slc26 family member prestin does not flow through the transporter pathway.

Prestin in the lateral membrane of outer hair cells, is responsible for electromotility (EM) and a corresponding nonlinear capacitance (NLC). Prestin's voltage sensitivity is influenced by intracellular chloride. A regulator of intracellular chloride is a stretch-sensitive, non-selective conductance within the lateral membrane, GmetL. We determine that prestin itself possesses a stretch-sensitive, non-selective conductance that is largest in the presence of thiocyanate ions. This conductance is independent of the anion transporter mechanism. Prestin has been modeled, based on structural data from related anion transporters (SLC26Dg and UraA), to have a 7 + 7 inverted repeat structure with anion transport initiated by chloride binding at the intracellular cleft. Mutation of residues that bind intracellular chloride, and salicylate treatment which prevents chloride binding, have no effect on thiocyanate conductance. In contrast, other mutations reduce the conductance while preserving NLC. When superimposed on prestin's structure, the location of these mutations indicates that the ion permeation pathway lies between the core and gate ring of helices, distinct from the transporter pathway. The uncoupled current is reminiscent of an omega current in voltage-gated ion channels. We suggest that prestin itself is the main regulator of intracellular chloride concentration via a route distinct from its transporter pathway.
Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: an evolving frontier.

The management of patients with male infertility is a complex topic with a vast scope in terms of biological and historical importance. Infertile men have played hugely important roles in world history (Abraham, George Washington, Louis XVI); their treatment has been a focus of interest for not just physicians, but also the religious (fertility priests, shamans, clergy), artists (authors, playwrights, and songwriters), not to mention the patients themselves.
Salicylic Acid-Mediated Synthetic Elicitors of Systemic Acquired Resistance Administered to Wheat Plants at Jointing Stage Induced Phenolics in Mature Grains

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain contains phenolic compounds that act as antioxidants when the bran is included in the human diet. Plants produce phenolics as a defense response to, among other factors, insect and fungal attack, presumably acting through systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This study investigated this hypothesis using synthetic elicitors of SAR. Elicitor solutions known to express molecular markers of SAR were sprayed on plants of the hard red winter wheat cultivars ‘Karl 92’ and ‘Ike’ at the jointing stage (Zadoks scale 31). Treatments included 50 mM thiamine, 0.5 mM riboflavin, 0.7 mM 2,6-dichloropyridine-4 carboxylic acid (DCPCA), 1 mM benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), 44 mM methyl jasmonate, and 50 mM sodium salicylate (SS). Bran extracts from these plants were analyzed for total phenolic content with the Folin Ciocalteau assay. Thiamine, BTH, DCPCA, and SS treatments significantly increased total phenolic content in wheat bran extracts compared with unsprayed control plants, but only the salicylic acid analogs BTH and DCPCA enhanced the phenolic concentration by 22 and 17%, respectively, compared with solvent-only plants (P < 0.004167). These findings support the hypothesis that salicylic acid-mediated SAR is responsible for the phenolic response in wheat grains.
Comparison of impact performance between youth and varsity football helmets

Current youth football helmets, intended for players under the age of 14 years, are similar in design and are tested according to the same standards as varsity football helmets. This study evaluate...
Report of the 2016-2017 Student Affairs Standing Committee.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe 2016-2017 AACP Student Affairs Standing Committee addressed charges related to recruitment to the profession of pharmacy and a national awareness campaign for pharmacy careers, as well as promotion of student wellness and stress management. The Committee report provides six recommendations to the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) and one proposed policy statement for the AACP House of Delegates related to recruitment to the pharmacy profession. The Committee report also provides three recommendations to AACP and one proposed policy statement for the AACP House of Delegates related to student wellness and stress management. In addition, this report provides recommendations for future AACP Student Affairs Standing Committee work.
An alternative digital workflow for fabricating a mandibular implant-supported complete fixed dental prosthesis with limited restorative space: A clinical report

This clinical report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with a mandibular implant-supported complete fixed dental prosthesis with limited interocclusal restorative space. The problem was manifested by repeated fractures of the acrylic resin teeth and distortion of the supporting framework. The definitive restoration included a custom computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) titanium framework with the lingual cusps and most of the occlusal table of the mandibular posterior teeth milled in titanium as part of the framework. An esthetic CAD-CAM milled denture base along with teeth was bonded over this framework.
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Pulmonary Embolism: The State of Practice

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major public health problem. It is the third most common cause of death in hospitalized patients. In the United States, there are up to 600,000 cases diagnosed per year with 100,000-180,000 acute PE-related deaths. Common risk factors include underlying genetic conditions, acquired conditions, and acquired hypercoagulable states. Acute PE increases the pulmonary vascular resistance and the load on the right ventricle (RV). Increased RV loading causes compensatory RV dilation, impaired contractility, tachycardia, and sympathetic activation. RV dilation and increased intramural pressure decrease diastolic coronary blood flow, leading to RV ischemia and myocardial necrosis. Ultimately, insufficient cardiac output from the RV causes left ventricular under-filling which results in systemic hypotension and cardiovascular collapse. Current prognostic stratification strategy separates acute PE into massive, submassive, and low-risk by presence or absence of sustained hypotension, RV dysfunction, and myocardial necrosis. Massive, submassive, and low-risk acute PE have mortality rates of 25%-65%, 3%, and <1%, respectively. Current PE management includes the use of anticoagulation alone, systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed thrombolysis, and surgical embolectomy. This article will describe the current state of practice for catheter-directed thrombolysis and its role in the management of acute PE.
Membrane-associated human tyrosinase is an enzymatically active monomeric glycoprotein

Human tyrosinase (hTyr) is a Type 1 membrane bound glycoenzyme that catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting steps of melanin production in the melanosome. Mutations in the Tyr gene are linked to oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1), an autosomal recessive disorder. Currently, the application of enzyme replacement therapy for a treatment of OCA1 is hampered by the absence of pure hTyr. Here, full-length hTyr (residues 1-529) was overexpressed in Trichoplusia ni larvae infected with a baculovirus, solubilized with detergent and purified using chromatography. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, enzymatic specific activity, and analytical ultracentrifugation were used to compare the hTyr in detergent with the soluble recombinant intra-melanosomal domain, hTyrCtr (residues 19-469). Active hTyr is monomeric in detergent micelles suggesting no stable interactions between protein molecules. Both, hTyr and hTyrCtr, exhibited similar enzymatic activity and ligand affinity in L-DOPA and L-Tyrosine reactions. In addition, expression in larvae is a scalable process that will allow high yield protein production. Thus, larval production of enzymatically active human tyrosinase potentially could be a useful tool in developing a cure for OCA1.
Universal Computation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma Game

Previous studies of the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma Game (IPDG) focus on the optimal strategies for accumulating points against another player or the evolution of cooperation. Instead, this paper expands upon the possible complexity in interactions by using a Cellular Automaton (CA) model to simulate large numbers of players competing within a limited space. Unlike previous works, we introduce a method for creating a wide variety of deterministic rules by mapping each possible interaction to a binary number. We then prove the computational universality of the resulting IPDG CA. An analysis of the number of interactions leads to the discovery of interesting properties when allowing only enough iterations for a strategy to use its “transient” instructions. The implications of universal computation (UC) are also discussed.
EVALUATION OF TWO GERIATRIC BEHAVIORAL RATING SCALES

Abstract The Nurses' Observation Scale for In-patient Evaluation – NOSIE (N = 2415), Plutchik Geriatric Rating Scale – PLUT (N = 575) were both factor analyzed and compared to one another on the basis of their usefulness for geriatric populations. For this comparison, a subset of 334 concurrent ratings were utilized. The intercorrelations among factors from the two scales suggest logical similarities between the scales as well as areas uniquely assessed by one or the other of the scales. Both scales appear to discriminate among geriatric subgroups. Though both scales are clearly appropriate for geriatric populations, the NOSIE emphasizes psychopathologjcal symptomatology to a greater extent than the PLUT. Conversely, the PLUT exhibits a greater focus on specific geriatric symptomatology.