cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption Patterns: The Relationship to Nutrient Intake, Whole Grain Intake, and Body Mass Index in an Older American Population.

Objective. To investigate the relationship between ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereal consumption patterns and body mass index (BMI), nutrient intake, and whole grain intake in an older American population. Design. A cross-sectional survey of US households, collected by the NPD Group via the National Eating Trends (NET) survey. Main outcome measures include BMI, nutrient intake, and whole grain intake. Subjects/Setting. The sample included 1759 participants age 55 and older, which was divided into approximate quartiles based on intake of RTE breakfast cereal for the 2-week period (0 servings, 1–3 servings, 4–7 servings, and ≥8 servings). Results. In the multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for energy and age; intake of dietary fiber, whole grains, and the majority of micronutrients examined were found to be positively associated with frequent RTE cereal consumption. The proportion of participants consuming less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) was lower for the highest quartile of RTE cereal consumers compared to nonconsumers, for the majority of vitamins and minerals examined. Significant differences in BMI between RTE breakfast cereal intake groups were found for men. Conclusion. Results suggest that ready-to-eat breakfast cereals may contribute to the nutritional quality of the diets of older Americans. Prospective studies and experimental trials are needed to better evaluate the role of RTE cereal consumption in energy balance.
The Responsibilities of a Chief Resident in Radiation Oncology: Results of a National Survey

Received Jun 4, 2013, and in revised form Jun 11, 2013. Accepted for publication Jun 13, 2013Training programs for resident physicians in the United Statesoften have chief residents (CRs) to develop future medical leaderswho will shape clinical practice, medical education, and research.As of 2013, the responsibilities of a CR in radiation oncology areundeﬁned.We asked the program coordinators of 82 radiation oncologyresidencies in the United States for written CR job descriptions inAugust 2012. From all e-mail responses and published literatureon CR job descriptions in other ﬁelds (1-6), we compiledresponsibilities, selection criteria, and compensation methods into1 list. The responsibilities were categorized into 4 core groups:clinical skills, research, mentoring/teaching trainees, and leader-ship/administration. Cognitive interviews were conducted totailor the survey (Supplementary material 1, available at www.redjournal.org).The e-mail addresses of radiation oncology CRs and programdirectors (PDs) were obtained from the Association of Residentsin Radiation Oncology directory; programs under probation ornewly formed were excluded (nZ6). Surveys with a 1-time use,unique, anonymous link were e-mailed to individual addresses viasurveymonkey.com to current CRs and PDs. Three remindermessages were sent. Multiple responses from the same internetprotocol address were blocked. For each prompt, the scaled scores(1, strongly disagree; 2, disagree; 3, neutral; 4, agree; 5, stronglyagree) were used to calculate mean Likert scores (MLSs) standard error of the mean (SEM). To compare responses, wecalculated pooled standard deviations, t statistics, and corre-sponding degrees of freedom (with P 90% of programs) and varies among10% of programs depending on the number of residents takenper year.Sixty-four percent of respondents indicate that theirprograms do not have written guidelines for CRs (ie, they do not“agree”/”strongly agree” to the prompt). CRs and PDs believethat the general responsibilities of CRs include clinical (4.80.1), research (4.1 0.1), mentoring/teaching (4.0 0.1), andleadership/administrative (3.5 0.1) duties; both parties rankthe duties in this order. Speciﬁc responsibilities (Fig. 1) includeattending events, scheduling/coordinating events, seeingpatients with the attending they are covering, mentoring
Lay Risk Evaluation and the Reform of Risk Management

On 22 August 1992, the “Akatsuki Maru” left its Yokohama berth secretly. Its name and port were blanked out to hide its identity. When it returns to Japan by a secret route and with an armed escort ship, the “Shikishima,” it will contain enough weapons-strength plutonium to create more than 120 nuclear warheads.1 Japanese officials have dismissed the worldwide protests of the public who are criticizing safety, security, and proliferation problems associated with ferrying plutonium from Europe to Japan.2 Persons in more than 52 countries, including the South Pacific Forum, a group of 15 Pacific nations, have opposed the shipments; the governments of South Africa and Indonesia have warned that the ship will be confiscated if it enters their national waters.3
A Functionally Conserved Gene Regulatory Network Module Governing Olfactory Neuron Diversity

Sensory neuron diversity is required for organisms to decipher complex environmental cues. In Drosophila, the olfactory environment is detected by 50 different olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes that are clustered in combinations within distinct sensilla subtypes. Each sensilla subtype houses stereotypically clustered 1-4 ORN identities that arise through asymmetric divisions from a single multipotent sensory organ precursor (SOP). How each class of SOPs acquires a unique differentiation potential that accounts for ORN diversity is unknown. Previously, we reported a critical component of SOP diversification program, Rotund (Rn), increases ORN diversity by generating novel developmental trajectories from existing precursors within each independent sensilla type lineages. Here, we show that Rn, along with BarH1/H2 (Bar), Bric-a-brac (Bab), Apterous (Ap) and Dachshund (Dac), constitutes a transcription factor (TF) network that patterns the developing olfactory tissue. This network was previously shown to pattern the segmentation of the leg, which suggests that this network is functionally conserved. In antennal imaginal discs, precursors with diverse ORN differentiation potentials are selected from concentric rings defined by unique combinations of these TFs along the proximodistal axis of the developing antennal disc. The combinatorial code that demarcates each precursor field is set up by cross-regulatory interactions among different factors within the network. Modifications of this network lead to predictable changes in the diversity of sensilla subtypes and ORN pools. In light of our data, we propose a molecular map that defines each unique SOP fate. Our results highlight the importance of the early prepatterning gene regulatory network as a modulator of SOP and terminally differentiated ORN diversity. Finally, our model illustrates how conserved developmental strategies are used to generate neuronal diversity.
Upper Limb Ischemia

Upper limb ischemia (ULI) is relatively infrequent when compared to lower limb and accounts for less than 5 % of all extremity ischemia. ULI can be related to a broad spectrum of different etiologies that might require specific therapeutic interventions. Regardless of the etiology, a high index of suspicion and low threshold to initiate treatment are essential for limb salvage. Large arteries proximal to the wrist are rarely affected while small distal vessels are involved in the majority of cases, comprising around 90 % of all ULI.
Wearable Devices and Smartphones for Activity Tracking Among People with Serious Mental Illness.

Abstract Introduction People with serious mental illness, including schizophrenia spectrum and mood disorders, are more physically inactive than people from the general population. Emerging wearable devices and smartphone applications afford opportunities for promoting physical activity in this group. This exploratory mixed methods study obtained feedback from participants with serious mental illness to assess the acceptability of using wearable devices and smartphones to support a lifestyle intervention targeting weight loss. Methods Participants with serious mental illness and obesity enrolled in a 6-month lifestyle intervention were given Fitbit activity tracking devices and smartphones to use for the study. Participants completed quantitative post-intervention usability and satisfaction surveys, and provided qualitative feedback regarding acceptability of using these devices and recommendations for improvement through in-depth interviews. Results Eleven participants wore Fitbits for an average of 84.7% (SD = 18.1%) of the days enrolled in the study (median = 93.8% of the days enrolled, interquartile range = 83.6–94.3%). Participants were highly satisfied, stating that the devices encouraged them to be more physically active and were useful for self-monitoring physical activity and reaching daily step goals. Some participants experienced challenges using the companion mobile application on the smartphone, and recommended greater technical support, more detailed training, and group tutorials prior to using the devices. Discussion Participants' perspectives highlight the feasibility and acceptability of using commercially available mHealth technologies to support health promotion efforts targeting people with serious mental illness. This study offers valuable insights for informing future research to assess the effectiveness of these devices for improving health outcomes in this high-risk group.
Extensions to the Basic Framework

In the previous chapter, an analytical framework of an RTGS system in which both the interarrival-time and the processing-time distributions were exponential (birth-death Markovian processes) was presented and discussed. It may be argued that the processing time depends, for instance, on the level of the bank’s settlement reserves, the degree of synchronisation of incoming and outgoing payments, the value distribution of the payment flow and the existence of an intraday fund market. More generally, it will depend on the working of the payment system as a whole, of which the single bank is only a component. All this might be taken into account by specifying the processing-time distribution differently. In this chapter, a model with an arbitrary processing-time distribution G(c) is considered and the possibility of deriving the same type of results obtained in Chapter 2 is examined.
Potential protective mechanism of arousal in obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology is thought to be due to the interaction of traits including airway anatomy and neuromuscular control which vary between individuals. These traits include a low arousal threshold (wake easily from sleep), upper airway gain (how effectively activation of upper airway dilator muscles improves ventilation), loop gain (stability of the negative feedback chemoreflex control system) and upper airway collapsibility (anatomical predisposition to passive airway collapse) (1). While deficits in these traits and how they interact varies between individuals, generally mechanisms that increase activation of upper airway dilator muscles are considered to help protect the airway from collapse.
On the Effect of Regulation on Value

There is an ambivalence in the literature of public utility regulation and valuation which leads to the heart of what regulation is all about. Everyone knows that public utility regulation is really public utility policy and that policy means choice. The literature, including rate case testimony, is replete with acknowledgements that regulatory policies involve the exercise of judgement, and the call is loud and clear for the need of wisdom in regulation. But there is a co-existing belief that value in the case of public utility property is independent of public utility regulation, that value is a given, something to be seriously sought after, to speak of value as if it had an unequivocal, objective meaning and subject to unequivocal measurement. According to the former belief, valuation is a dependent variable; to the latter, it is an independent variable, a tightly binding constraint upon regulation. Perhaps this juxtaposition of contradictory views is too neat, or strained; perhaps writers and speakers exaggerate their belief in the choice and ergo judgemental character of regulation, and perhaps they, at least to some extent, only pretend that there is such a thing as value to be discovered. Perhaps, but the ambivalence exists, however couched.
Exact analytical solution for 2-D transient heat conduction in a rectangle with partial heating on one edge

Abstract An exact solution is presented for two-dimensional transient heat conduction in a rectangular plate heated at y = 0 from x = 0 to x = L1 and insulated over the other edges. This problem does not have a steady-state solution, but does have a quasi-steady solution. Because of this, Green's functions are used to determine the exact solution. The solution consists of four parts, each of which is determined separately and totalled at the end to achieve the complete solution. A number of algebraic identities are used to reduce some steady- and quasi-steady state series in the solution. Intrinsic verification principles are used to verify the solution. The solution can be used as a building block for a number of related problems.
The Coaches Said...What?: Analysis of Online Dating Strategies Recommended by Dating Coaches

Despite the popularity of online dating systems, prior work indicates that online daters struggle to present and evaluate traits germane to attraction. However, the research community is largely unaware of successful online dating system-use strategies and how the knowledge of these strategies could inform system design. In this paper we begin to address this gap in knowledge with an interview study of online dating coaches who consider their advocated system-use strategies successful based on personal use and feedback from clients who implemented their strategies. Their advocated strategies entail keeping online evaluation intentionally minimal and persuading users to meet in-person as quickly as possible because current system designs stifle reliable evaluation of attraction-relevant traits online, notably personality. We discuss the implications of insights gathered from these strategies for online dating system design using theories relevant to romantic attraction.
Information Integration for Terrorist or Criminal Social Networks

Social network analysis discovers knowledge embedded in the structure of social networks, which is useful for intelligence and law enforcement force in investigation. However, individual agency usually has part of the complete terrorist or criminal social network and therefore some crucial knowledge could not be extracted. Sharing information between different agencies will make such a social network analysis more effective, unfortunately the concern of privacy preservation usually prohibits the sharing of sensitive information. There is always a trade-off between the degree of privacy and the degree of utility in information sharing. Several approaches have been proposed to resolve such dilemma in sharing data from different relational tables. However, there is only limited amount of work on sharing social networks from different sources and yet trying to minimize the reduction on the degree of privacy. The work on privacy preservation of social network data relies on anonymity and perturbation. These techniques are developed for the purpose of data publishing, but ignore the utility of the published data on social network analysis and the integration of social networks from multiple sources. In this chapter, we propose a sub-graph generalization approach for information sharing and privacy preservation of terrorist or criminal social networks. The objectives are sharing the insensitive and generalized information to support social network analysis but preserving the privacy at the same time. Our experiment shows that such an approach is promising.
Passive Cooling Enabled by Polymer Composite Coating: Dependence on Filler, Filler Size and Coating Thickness

The effective passive radiation cooling that is enabled by silicone-based composites is investigated for its dependence on coating thickness and filler size in the range of nanometers to micrometers. It is established, contrary to prior reports, that the effective passive radiation cooling does not exhibit a filler size dependence, i.e., there is no optimal size at which a maximum cooling would be reached. However, the apparent cooling effect is filler type dependent and among the fillers investigated, Al2O3 exhibits the best apparent cooling effect. In addition, the apparent cooling effect is dependent on coating thickness: the thickness dependence is non-monotonic, and the maximum cooling occurs at an optimal thickness of 70 μm, regardless of filler type. Potential significant implications of the findings are also discussed.
Integrated Full Duplex Radios

Full duplex wireless has drawn significant interest in the recent past due to the potential for doubling network capacity in the physical layer and offering numerous other benefits at higher layers. However, the implementation of integrated full duplex radios is fraught with several fundamental challenges. Achieving the levels of self-interference cancellation required over the wide bandwidths mandated by emerging wireless standards is challenging in an integrated circuit implementation. The dynamic range limitations of integrated electronics restrict the transmitter power levels and receiver noise floor levels that can be supported in integrated full duplex radios. Advances in compact antenna interfaces for full duplex are also required. Finally, networks employing full duplex nodes will require a complete rethinking of the medium access control layer as well as cross-layer interaction and co-design. This article describes recent research results that address these challenges. Several generations of full duplex transceiver ICs are described that feature novel RF self-interference cancellation circuits, antenna cancellation techniques, and a non-magnetic CMOS circulator. Resource allocation algorithms and rate gain/improvement characterizations are also discussed for full duplex configurations involving IC-based nodes.
Hospital-at-home care was at least as effective, safe, and acceptable as hospitalization for older adults

Source Citation Caplan GA, Ward JA, Brennan NJ, et al. Hospital in the home: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1999 Feb 15;170:156-60.
Geochemical impact of injection of Eagle Ford brine on Hosston sandstone formation—Observations of autoclave water–rock interaction experiments

Abstract This study investigates water–rock interactions induced by brine injection into the Cretaceous clastic Hosston Formation in South Central Texas, a potential host formation for disposal of produced water from the Eagle Ford Shale during oil and gas extraction. The primary objectives of this experimental study were to (1) predict the geochemical reactions between the injected brine and the host formation during disposal operation, and (2) assess potential impact on flow properties of the host rock. The results provide important information of potential impact to injectivity and available methods to alleviate the problems if they occur during brine disposal. Five batch autoclave experiments were conducted to react an argillaceous sandstone of the Hosston Formation with a series of synthetic brines and the Eagle Ford brine for 3 weeks at 193 bar and 80 °C. To better identify mineral dissolution and precipitation, rock samples were ion-milled and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the experiments. For each experiment, approximately 15 aqueous samples were taken with increasing time intervals from hours to days. Dissolution of anhydrite, which results in a rapid increase of SO4 and Ca concentrations in the solution of ∼500 ppm and ∼200 ppm respectively, is the most significant reaction. Small amounts of dolomite and K-feldspar were also dissolved to release Mg, Ca, K, and Si. Small amounts of iron hydroxides and kaolinite precipitated. Geochemical modeling is able to reproduce the behavior of the major aqueous components and of the observed mineral dissolution and precipitation. Overall, change in flow properties from the water–rock interaction is insignificant: mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) data show little difference in porosity, permeability, and pore-throat-size distribution between the pre- and post-experiment samples. This study suggests that injection of Eagle Ford brine into the Hosston Formation will pose minimum risks for the brine disposal operation.
Utility of Anterior Zone Biopsy in Men Enrolled in Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Background Anterior zone (AZ) disease is present in one-fifth of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and has been associated with poor pathologic features. However, anterior targeted biopsies are not a routine part of active surveillance (AS) protocols. Our purpose is to assess the utility of AZ sampling for prostate biopsy in patients undergoing surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. Methods A prospective data collection of men enrolled in AS between 2006 and 2014 was performed. Patient and disease characteristics were collected, including number of positive cores and Gleason score on all diagnostic and surveillance biopsies. Progression was defined as incident Gleason > 6 in any core and/or receipt of definitive therapy including radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Rate of anterior disease and relationship to subsequent disease progression was assessed. Results A total of 85 men were included, of which 45% demonstrated progression. Median follow-up was 40 months. Among those undergoing AZ sampling at initial diagnosis, 37% presented with AZ disease. A total of 47% of men with AZ-only disease progressed, whereas 78% of men with AZ and peripheral zone disease progressed. This compares with a 39% rate of progression among men with only peripheral zone disease. Multivariable logistic regression identified increasing body mass index as a significant predictor of disease progression (odds ratio, 5.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-25.31; P = .04). Conclusions Over one-third of men enrolled in AS for low-risk prostate cancer had AZ disease on diagnostic biopsy. Progression occurred in the majority of these men. AZ sampling should be considered in biopsy surveillance strategies.
Neuromonitoring protocol for spinal cord stimulator cases with case descriptions

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) relies on the ability to create an overlap of paresthesia on the painful regions. Electrode implantation has historically been performed with awake intraoperative testing to allow the patient to report on the device-induced paresthesia. More recently, the use of neuromonitoring has come into favor and can be used for SCS placement, while the patient remains fully anesthetized throughout the surgery. This is a critical evaluation of the neuromonitoring technique and protocol with an in-depth description of neuromonitoring for SCS placement using electro-myography (EMG) responses in both cervical and thoracic electrode placement. There is an explanation for the interpretation of the EMG responses, as well as case reports of two patients. Neuromonitoring is used to determine myotomal coverage, as a marker that corresponds with dermatomal coverage. This article demonstrates some of the critical steps for both the surgeon and neuromonitoring group to implement this technique, as well as the clinical results of paresthesia coverage in patients. This protocol can be utilized in implementing neuromonitoring into a practice for those implanting SCS systems. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, patient care, practice-based learning and improvement, system-based practice, interpersonal and communication skills. This article addresses the gap in knowledge base to implement an approach to improve patient care and outcome.
New smallest specimen of the pterosaur Pteranodon and ontogenetic niches in pterosaurs

A new juvenile specimen of Pteranodon from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas had an estimated wingspan in life of 1.76 m, ∼ 45% smaller than the smallest previously known specimens, but does not differ in morphology from larger specimens. Its presence indicates that juveniles were capable of flying long distances, so it falsifies the interpretation of Pteranodon as growing rapidly to adult size under parental care before flying. Instead juveniles were precocial, growing more slowly to adult size while flying and feeding independently for several years before going to sea. Because juveniles are otherwise unknown in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, they must have occupied different environments and ecological niches than adults; thus Pteranodon exhibited ontogenetic niches. Evidence is presented that most other pterosaurs (e.g., Rhamphorhynchus, Pterodactylus, Anhanguera) also exhibited various ontogenetic niches, which, along with their large body size, suggests that pterosaur taxonomic diversity was rather low, like that of crocodilians.
Power Delivery Network Benchmarking for Interposer and Bridge-Chip-Based 2.5-D Integration

In this letter, a power delivery network (PDN) modeling framework for emerging heterogeneous 2.5-D integration platforms is presented. The framework is validated using IBM power grid benchmarks, and maximum relative errors of less than 7.29% and 0.67% for IR-drop and transient noise are shown, respectively. Next, the framework is used to evaluate interposer and bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integration platforms. The simulation results show that an interposer with dense power/ground grids and microbumps can suppress power supply noise (PSN) by a small margin. In bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integration, under the assumption that the bridge-chips underneath the active dice block direct access to package power/ground planes, some PDN considerations are highlighted and evaluated. Using multiple bridge-chips and smaller overlap areas between the bridge-chips and the active dice, the worst case PSN in bridge-chip-based 2.5-D integration is minimally impacted.
Protein phosphatase 2A interacts with Chk2 and regulates its phosphorylation at thr-68 after cisplatin treatment of human ovarian cancer cells

5560 High-fidelity maintenance of genomic integrity in eukaryotes is ensured by cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair. The checkpoint kinase Chk2 has been implicated in both of these responses. In response to DNA damage, Chk2 is initially phosphorylated at Thr-68, which leads to its full activation. The fully activated Chk2 then phosphorylates downstream substrates of cell cycle control. However, the mechanism of inactivation of Chk2 remained unknown. PP2A plays an essential role in cell cycle regulation and induction of G 2 arrest by a mechanism of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation with a variety of protein kinases. Is Chk2 inactivated by PP2A? Do Chk2 and PP2A directly interact in DNA damage-repair signaling? Data from our investigation provide evidence that PP2A associates with Chk2 as a complex in cells and functions as a negative regulator of Chk2 signaling by dephosphorylating p-Chk2. Our findings demonstrate: i) Chk2 and PP2A are co-localized in cells, and the holoenzyme of PP2A (subunits A, B and C) co-immunoprecipatates with p-Chk2; ii) inhibition of PP2A by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of PP2A, and by siRNA to PP2A, resulted in enhanced Chk2 phosphorylation, implicating a direct enzyme-substrate relationship; iii) adenosine 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) mediated PP2A inhibition, and enhanced Chk2 phosphorylation; and iv) an in vitro PP2A dephosphorylation assay shows that PP2A dephosphorylates p-Chk2. These findings reveal a mechanism of intracellular signaling whereby the protein serine/threonine kinase Chk2 is regulated by a tightly associated protein serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A.
ERP On-Premise or On-Demand

This article contends that vendors are now pushing into the small to mid-size organizational markets with simplified, less-risk, less-reward systems while consultants have project experience and have thorough contracts isolating their role. However, SMEs that adopted ERP on-premise solutions before are now facing a dilemma: continuing with ERP on-premise upgrades or switch to on-demand solutions. This article contains data surveyed from Chief Information Officers (CIO) of SMEs with respect to indicators of ERP adoptions. Cost, reduced demand for own IT resources, outage/accessibility and performance were found to be the most critical and important factors to assess ERP adoptions for SMEs.
What Sources to Rely on:: Laypeople's Source Selection in Online Health Information Seeking

In this study, we examined what sources laypeople would select (i.e., visit and adopt) to resolve their health-related information needs, and how different health conditions affect the selection. Twenty-four college students participated in this user study, where they were asked to search for two separate health issues respectively: multiple sclerosis and weight loss. The search logs were collected and analyzed afterwards. We classify the online information sources on both website level and webpage level, and a webpage classification scheme based on genre is proposed. Results suggest that users» selection of sources depends on different types of health issues in terms of urgency and complexity. Health-specific webpage is a popular source and highly adopted for both tasks, but it is particularly helpful for urgent and complex health conditions. Search engines could facilitate users to navigate among scattered health information and support concerns regarding common health issues.
The Quantization of Integrable Systems

Quantum mechanics was first developed and tried out on a few integrable systems, such as the harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom, and the electron in a rectangular box. In spite of the conceptual differences between the classical and the quantal regimie, the mathematical connection is quite close in these special cases. Some of the relevant methods can be carried over into systems with soft chaos, and seem to yield reasonable results, as if quantum mechanics were capable of riding smoothly over the rough spots in classical mechanics.
Clinical Treatment Matching Models for Dually Diagnosed Patients

The patient with combined psychiatric and substance use disorders has become increasingly common in treatment settings. Not only does the additional diagnosis complicate the overall pathology of one or the other problem but traditional systems of care were not designed historically to address such comorbid conditions. This article defines serial, parallel, and integrated models for dually diagnosed patients and further proposes several patient-treatment matching models.
Precipitation in a Cu-30 Pct Ni-1 Pct Nb alloy

Decomposition of a Cu-30 pct Ni-1 pct Nb alloy on aging in the range of 866 K (600°C) to 1073 K (800°C) was investigated. The initial decomposition, concomitant with age hardening, occurred through the precipitation of body centered tetragonal metastable Ni3Nb-γ” precipitates on the 100 matrix planes. Equilibrium orthorhombicβ phase formed either through a grain boundary cellular reaction at low temperature (≤973 K (700°C)) or as Widmanstaettenplatelets on the 1ll planes at higher temperatures (≥1073 K (800°C)) with the following crystallographic relationship: (0l0)β//111γ [100]β//[1•11]γ. Based on the observations, a schematic transformation sequence is presented.
Criteria for eigenvalues embedded into the absolutely continuous spectrum of perturbed Stark type operators

Abstract In this paper, we consider the perturbed Stark operator H u = H 0 u + q u = − u ″ − x u + q u , where q is the power-decaying perturbation. The criteria for q such that H = H 0 + q has at most one eigenvalue (finitely many, infinitely many eigenvalues) are obtained. All the results are quantitative and are generalized to the perturbed Stark type operator.
Hotword Cleaner: Dual-microphone Adaptive Noise Cancellation with Deferred Filter Coefficients for Robust Keyword Spotting

This paper presents a novel dual-microphone speech enhancement algorithm to improve noise robustness of hotword (wake-word) detection as a special application of keyword spotting. It exploits two unique properties of hotwords: they are leading phrases of valid voice queries that we intend to respond and have short durations. Consequently an STFT-based adaptive noise cancellation method modified to use deferred filter coefficients is proposed to extract hotwords out from noisy stereo microphone signals. The new algorithm is tested with two considerably different neural hotword detectors. Both systems have significantly reduced the false-reject rate when background has strong TV noise.
A Framework for Collecting and Classifying Objects in Satellite Imagery

A major issue with data-hungry deep learning algorithms is the lack of annotated ground truth for specific applications. The high volume of satellite imagery available today, coupled with crowd-sourced map data can enable a new means for training and classifying objects in wide-area imagery. In this work, we present an automated pipeline for collecting and labeling satellite imagery to facilitate building custom deep learning models. We demonstrate this approach by automatically collecting labeled imagery of solar power plants and building a classifier to detect the structures. This framework can be used to collect labeled satellite imagery of any object mapped by spatial databases.
Playing the genome card.

In the 1990s, prominent biologists and journalists predicted that by 2020 each of us would carry a genome card, which would allow physicians to access our entire genome sequence and routinely use t...
Model-Based Networked Control of Spatially-Distributed Processes with Event-Triggered Parameter Re-identification

This work presents a methodology for the integration of time-triggered model-based state-feedback control and event-driven model re-identification for spatially-distributed processes modeled by highly-dissipative PDEs controlled over resource-limited communication networks. The methodology aims to enhance the closed-loop stability and performance properties of the networked closed-loop system in the presence of process parameter variations and external disturbances, while simultaneously reducing the rate of sensor-controller information transfer required. This is achieved by first designing a networked feedback controller on the basis of an approximate finite-dimensional model that captures the dominant dynamics of the infinite-dimensional system, and then developing an error monitoring scheme with a time-varying instability alarm threshold to track the state evolution and trigger model reidentification and model parameter updates in the event of parametric drift. When the alarm threshold is breached, a safe-parking protocol is initiated to counter the destabilizing influence of the drift and allow the identification of a new finite-dimensional model using the input and state data collected. The stability of the new model is then analyzed to determine the feasible post-drift sensor-controller communication rate. The development and implementation of the proposed methodology are demonstrated using a representative diffusion-reaction process example.
I131 IN MILK AND THYROID OF DAIRY CATTLE FOLLOWING A SINGLE CONTAMINATION EVENT AND PROLONGED DAILY ADMINISTRATION

—A single I131 contamination event of forage was simulated by administering I131-labeled feed to dairy cattle twice daily for 31 days, all feed samples being spiked on day one with 5 μc I131 per sample. Peak milk concentration in the dairy cattle occurred on the fourth day with about 0.4 per cent of the first day's dose of 10 μc observed per 1. of milk. The peak thyroid concentration in the cattle occurred after 1 week and was about 70 per cent of the first day's dose of I131. In a second study, 5 μc of I131 were fed daily to three cows starting before parturition and continuing for a period of 6 months of lactation. Apparent equilibrium of I131 in the thyroid was reached after 2 weeks and approached twice the daily feeding level. A suggestion of increased thyroid uptake occurred following parturition. The I131 concentration in the colostrum was 2–3 times that in the milk on the seventh day of lactation, after which time a gradual increase was observed. The per cent of the daily dose of I131 appearing in the milk varied from 0.4 to 1.0 per cent over a 6-month period. Following an increase in the daily stable iodine content of the cow's diet from 5 mg to 2 g per day, milk concentration of I131 decreased 50 per cent and thyroid concentrations decreased more than 90 per cent.
LinCoM: a graph theoretic approach for the production of Linear place fields in Complex Mazes

Abstract Studies on spatial coding and episodic memory typically involve recordings of hippocampal place cell activity while rodents navigate in mazes. Linear place fields serve as reduced representations of the activity of place cells, revealing their spatial preference along the tracks of the maze. Sometimes, the experimental designs include complex mazes with irregular geometries and one or more decision points. Unfortunately, in such complex mazes, the production of linear place fields becomes a non-trivial problem. Here, I present a MATLAB toolbox which implements a graph-theoretic approach for the efficient production of linear place fields in a variety of complex mazes.
The Use of Vasopressor Agents in Free Tissue Transfer for Head and Neck Reconstruction: Current Trends and Review of the Literature.

Background/objectives Microvascular free tissue transfer has become essential to head and neck reconstruction and recent advancements in microvascular surgery have led to excellent surgical outcomes. However, there continues to be controversy and a stigma associated with the use of perioperative intravenous vasopressor agents among both surgeons and anesthesiologists. Due to concern for vasoconstriction of peripheral vasculature flowing to the denervated tissue flap, there remains concerns about potential thrombosis, decreased tissue perfusion and ultimately flap failure. This topic becomes even more important as vasopressors play an essential role in new Extended Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols being put in place to optimize postoperative recovery for patients. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review the role and safety as well as discuss current trends with intraoperative vasopressor agents in free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction. Methods A scoping literature review was conducted of all studies that examined the use of vasopressor agents during head and neck free flap tissue transfer. Primary and secondary outcomes included free flap survival, arterial thrombosis, venous congestion, need for revision surgery, and other postoperative complications. Results One prospective and nine retrospective studies were identified. Phenylephrine and ephedrine were the most common vasopressors reported; the rate of vasopressor use ranged from 53% to 85% and administration methods included both bolus and infusion. The included studies did not show any significant association between the use of vasopressors and free flap failure, pedicle thrombosis, or other flap complications. Conclusion The administration of vasopressors during microvascular free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction does not seem to be associated with increased flap failure rates or other postoperative morbidities. Moreover, vasopressors may provide overall improved hemodynamic stability and help to limit overall fluid administration and subsequent postoperative complications. Additional prospective investigation is warranted to further elucidate and establish evidence-based recommendations regarding the type, timing, and dose of vasopressors to further enhance free flap survival and patient outcomes.
GAD65 antibody-associated neurologic disease presenting with hemiparkinsonism at onset

A 60-year old previously healthy left-handed man presented to clinic with 6 months of progressive slowness and stiffness on the left side. He described loss of dexterity in the left hand and feeling of “heaviness” in the left leg. On exam, he exhibited mild bradyphrenia and hypophonia, moderate left arm and leg bradykinesia and rigidity, and left leg hesitations and reduced left arm-swing upon walking (video 1). A month prior, he had undergone MRIs of the brain and cervical spine with and without gadolinium that were unremarkable. Initial serum testing including complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, thyroid stimulating hormone, ceruloplasmin, and vitamin B12 levels were all unremarkable. The differential diagnosis at presentation included the spectrum of parkinsonian disorders with Parkinson9s Disease being the most likely given his age group and the asymmetric parkinsonism. He was diagnosed with suspected Parkinson9s Disease and levodopa therapy was initiated as the he felt his symptoms were functionally-limiting.
Optical and mass spectral characterization of the electrospray ionization/corona discharge ionization interface.

Abstract The interchange between electrospray ionization (ESI) and corona discharge ionization (CDI) with respect to applied bias on the needle is customarily placed at the point where light production begins at the tip of the needle. If a liquid sample is flowing through a needle that is observed to produce light, the ionization process is assumed to be harsher and the term coronaspray ionization has been coined to describe this hybrid ionization mechanism. In this work, the transition between ESI and CDI is investigated with respect to applied bias through optical and mass spectrometric measurements. As a function of applied bias potential, the optical signal at the tip of the needle was recorded simultaneously with the resultant ionization products. In this effort, the production of ions from an electrospray ionization needle has been demonstrated to produce light regardless of bias if ions are also formed. With this understanding, an ESI/CDI needle was designed to allow the bias to be temporarily pulsed over the ‘onset’ voltage necessary for ionization and the rise and decay of the optical signal was measured. Positive mode CDI onset to a stable discharge state within 0.05 ms, while positive ESI required 1.9 ms to reach a stable condition. In the negative mode, the stability of the ionization process was highly variable in both ESI and CDI modes, though CDI was generally faster to reach the stable mode of operation. When the resultant ions were investigated, the effect of increased bias on an ESI needle was found to be species-dependent. Recognizing that the range of compounds probed was limited, for those examined, it appears that stable, non-labile species may be investigated via ESI under extremely high biases while labile species demonstrate a narrow range of stable biases before significant fragmentation occurs.
How to combat efforts to overturn bans on electronic nicotine delivery systems: lessons from tobacco industry efforts during the 1980s to open closed cigarette markets in Thailand.

Until 1990, it was illegal for transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) to sell cigarettes in Thailand. We reviewed and analysed internal tobacco industry documents relevant to the Thai market during the 1980s. TTCs’ attempts to access the Thai cigarette market during the 1980s concentrated on political lobbying, advertising and promotion of the foreign brands that were illegal to sell in Thailand at the time. They sought to take advantage of the Thai Tobacco Monopoly’s (TTM) inefficiency to propose licencing agreements and joint ventures with TTM and took advantages of unclear regulations about cigarette marketing to promote their products through advertising and sponsorship activities. After their initial efforts failed, they successfully lobbied the US to impose trade sanctions to liberalise Thailand’s market. Similar to the situation for cigarettes in the 1980s, since 2017, Philip Morris International has worked in parallel with a pro-e-cigarette group to pressure Thailand’s government to allow sales of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; including e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products), knowing the products were illegal under Thai law. Health advocates and government authorities should be aware of past TTCs’ tactics for cigarettes and anticipate that TTCs will attempt to use international trade law to force markets open for ENDS if their domestic efforts fail.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Modifiable Risk Factor for Pain Catastrophizing After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Patients with mood disorders undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are at increased risk for poor outcomes. This study seeks to examine the effect of anxiety disorders on pain following TJA and evaluate if anxiety disorders are a modifiable risk factor. Methods Between March 2019 and July 2020, 319 TJA patients had preoperative anxiety screening using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item screening tool (GAD-2) and 6-week postoperative Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores. Patients were organized into 4 cohorts based on preoperative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI/SNRI) use and GAD-2 scores: Group 1: no SSRI/SNRI use and GAD-2 score Results Patients with preoperative GAD-2 scores ≥3 had worse postoperative pain with significantly higher average 6-week postoperative Pain Catastrophizing Scale score than patients with GAD-2 scores Conclusion Preoperative GAD is a risk factor for poor postoperative pain control but is a modifiable risk factor when patients are appropriately treated. Screening for preoperative GAD with GAD-2 and referral for treatment may improve patient outcomes and reduce opioid consumption following TJA.
Social and Physical Context Moderates Older Adults' Affective Responses to Sedentary Behavior: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.

OBJECTIVES Older adults engage in excessive sedentary behaviors which hold significant health implications. Examining affect responses during sedentary behavior is not well understood despite the wealth of evidence linking affect and motivation. Contextual influences (i.e., social and physical) likely influence affective responses during sedentary behavior and therefore warrant further investigation. METHOD Older adults (n = 103, Mage = 72, range: 60-98) participated in a 10-day study where they received 6 randomly timed, smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) prompts/day. Participants reported their affect, current behavior, and context at each EMA prompt. Participants also wore an activPAL accelerometer to measure their sedentary behavior duration. Separate multilevel models examined the extent to which the context influences affective responses during self-report sedentary (vs nonsedentary) behaviors. RESULTS The social context moderated the association between sedentary behavior and negative affect. The physical context moderated the association between sedentary behavior and positive affect. DISCUSSION Interventions should consider the context of behaviors when designing interventions to reduce sedentary behavior as some contextual factors may attenuate, while other contexts may exacerbate, associations between activity-related behaviors and indicators of well-being.
Impersonations: The Artifice of Brahmin Masculinity in South Indian Dance, by Harshita Mruthinti Kamath

Impersonations: The Artifice of Brahmin Masculinity in South Indian Dance, by Harshita Mruthinti Kamath. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2019. xv + 225 pp., $34.95 (pb). ISBN 9780520301665.