cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Informed Parental Consent on Mothers' Knowledge of Newborn Screening

To determine whether knowledge was improved as a result of obtaining informed consent from parents for newborn screening of their infants for phenylketonuria (PKU) and other hereditary metabolic disorders, new mothers in seven Maryland hospitals were interviewed either before receiving a standard disclosure (n = 210) or after giving consent (n = 418). The mean knowledge score of the women interviewed after giving consent was significantly higher (P less than .001). Receiving the disclosure was a more powerful predictor of knowledge score, accounting for 40% of the variance, than demographic factors, which accounted for 9%. Women whose consent was obtained just prior to discharge tended to have lower knowledge scores than women whose consent was obtained earlier (P = .03). Women with higher knowledge scores were somewhat less likely to favor consent than women with lower scores. Although consent may not be appropriate for some low-risk procedures, informing parents can be easily and inexpensively accomplished.
The Function of the Teacher in Modern Dance Composition

(1945). The Function of the Teacher in Modern Dance Composition. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 16, No. 9, pp. 496-528.
Segmental pattern of development of the hindbrain and spinal cord of the zebrafish embryo

In the ventral hindbrain and spinal cord of zebrafish embryos, the first neurones that can be identified appear as single cells or small clusters of cells, distributed periodically at intervals equal to the length of a somite. In the hindbrain, a series of neuromeres of corresponding length is present, and the earliest neurones are located in the centres of each neuromere. Young neurones within both the hindbrain and spinal cord were identified in live embryos using Nomarski optics, and histochemically by labelling for acetylcholinesterase activity and expression of an antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody zn-1. Among them are individually identified hindbrain reticulospinal neurones and spinal motoneurones. These observations suggest that early development in these regions of the CNS reflects a common segmental pattern. Subsequently, as more neurones differentiate, the initially similar patterning of the cells in these two regions diverges. A continuous longitudinal column of developing neurones appears in the spinal cord, whereas an alternating series of large and small clusters of neurones is present in the hindbrain.
Basket Weavers for the California Curio Trade: Elizabeth and Louise Hickox

Basket Weavers for the California Curio Trade: Elizabeth and Louise Hickox. Marvin Cohodas. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, and Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum, 1997. xvii. 362 pp.; 31 b/w drawings and photographs, 64 color plates, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95 (hard cover).
Resistance to infection of the external eye: The role of tears

The external eye is continuously exposed to an environment containing potentially pathogenic microorganisms. One of the mechanisms which protects the eye from infection is the tear layer. We review the current knowledge of those antimicrobial substances known to be present in tears and the role they might play in preventing infection. These substances include lysozyme, lactoferrin, beta-lysin, and the antibody-complement system of proteins.
SU-FF-J-113: Real Time Tracking of Respiratory Tumor Motion Based On External Respiratory Output

Purpose: Inability to effectively predict respiratory motion in real‐time is a major challenge to account for respiratory motion during radiotherapy. This work aims to develop a novel technique for real‐time predicting (tracking) 3D respiratory motion (tumor position and shape change) from external respiratory output (ERO). Method and Material: A non‐invasive technique, based on the framework known as optimal recursive estimation in signal processing, was developed. Given an optimal filtering algorithm, such as the Kalman filter or the particle filter, the solution of motion tracking is converted to developing proper state and observation models. The state model is a probability density characterizing tumor's motion dynamics. Two types of state model, a conventional motion model and a periodic motion model, were investigated. The observation model is a probability density characterizing the relationship between tumor motion and ERO which can be acquired using a pressuresensor (Anzai) or optical markers (RPM/Varian) place at abdomen. We used the ERO as observation and a conditional Gaussian density as the observation model. The 4DCT datasets of a motion phantom and patients were used to validate the technique. Results: The efficacy of our technique was investigated with the phantom and patient data. For each case, state and observation models were constructed by using the “training” 4DCT containing tumor position and shape and corresponding ERO. These models are then applied to “testing data” that contain only ERO to estimate tumor position and shape. Our experimental results showed that the estimated tumor position and shape were consistent with the true position and shape based on the 4DCT acquired with the testing ERO. Conclusion: The present technique is capable of effectively tracking 3D respiratory motion in real time. By changing the state and observation models, the technique can be used for a variety of internal motions and real‐time external outputs.
Negative modes of Coleman-De Luccia bounces

We investigate the negative modes about Coleman-De Luccia bounces governing vacuum transitions in de Sitter space, with the goal of gaining physical insight into the various anomalous results associated with these that have been reported in the literature. For the case of bounces with radii much less than the horizon distance ${H}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ we find two distinct regimes, distinguished by the magnitude of the bubble nucleation rate $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$. If $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}/{H}^{4}\ensuremath{\gg}1$, then the behavior of the modes contributing to the determinant factors in $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ is much as it is in flat spacetime, and the calculation of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ goes over smoothly to the flat spacetime calculation as the gravitational coupling is taken to zero. This is not the case if $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}/{H}^{4}\ensuremath{\ll}1$. These two regimes correspond to the two possible outcomes of de Sitter vacuum decay---either a rapidly completed transition or nonpercolation and eternal inflation. For bounces with radii comparable to the horizon length, we confirm previous results concerning anomalous negative modes with support on the bounce wall. We also find further evidence supporting previous claims, based on thin-wall arguments, of the absence of expected negative modes for a class of bounces that arises when the initial and final vacua are nearly degenerate.
Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus: Strategies for inhibition

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as the etiological agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related disorders. Much current research effort is aimed at elucidating the structural features of HIV particles and the molecular mechanisms of viral replication. Importantly, cellular factors involved in the regulation of HIV gene expression are also being investigated. These combined efforts should provide a better understanding of AIDS pathogenesis, and contribute to the development of anti-HIV pharmaceuticals.
Some mineral stability relations in the system CaOMgOSiO2H2OHCl

Abstract Mineral-aqueous solution equilibria for the assemblages talc-quartz, tremolite-talc-quartz, diopside-tremolite-quartz, wollastonite-diopside-quartz and wollastonite-quartz have been studied at 2 kb total pressure, 500° to 700°C and chloride concentrations from 0.03 to 6.0 molal. Most work was at 1 m chloride. Both buffered and unbuffered data were obtained and a recalibration of the Ag-AgCl buffer is presented. Log equilibrium quotients at 500°, 600° and 700°C are respectively: Ta-Qz ( m MgCl 2 m HCl 2 ) 2.57, 1.71, 0.73; Tr-Ta-Qz and Di-Tr-Qz ( m CaCl 2 m MgCl 2 m HCl 2 ) 4.98, 3.99, 2.21 and 7.29, 5.30, 3.56; WoDi-Qz ( m CaCl 2 m MgCl 2 ) 3.30, 3.00, 2.79: Wo-Qz ( m CaCl 2 m HCl 2 ) 5.15, 3.95, 2.68. Mineral stability fields plotted in terms of these concentration data more tangibly represent the compositional character of real systems and the mass transfer capabilities of their fluids than do the analogous theoretical activity diagrams. Overall dissociation constants of MgCl2 and CaCl2 were calculated from the experimental data using the calculated ionic activity constants for the reactions and the established dissociation constants of HCl. The negative log values are respectively: 3.88. 6.63, 9.20 for CaCl2 and 4.60, 7.54, 10.37 for MgCl2 at 500°, 600° and 700°C, 2 kb. The Ca values are about an order of magnitude more positive than the conductance-derived values by Frantz and Marshall (1982). The phase relations developed in this study have application to the genesis of talc, tremolite, and diopside-bearing assemblages in some regional metamorphic rocks, but more specifically to the calcsilicate skarn assemblages of many metasomatic aureoles. The equilibrium fluids are characterized by high concentrations of Ca relative to Mg and increasing Ca Mg ratios with decreasing temperatures. The stability fields of talc, tremolite, and quartz expand relative to those of diopside and wollastonite with decreasing temperature, hence their more common appearance as retrograde products in skarn systems.
Antibiotic selectivity for prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic decoding sites

A FRET assembly reports antibiotic affinities to two different RNA targets. A binder was labeled with a fluorophore that acts both as an acceptor for the emissive nucleoside on the bacterial A-site and a donor fluorophore for the terminally-labeled human A-site. Unlabeled drugs were used to dissociate the labeled antibiotic.
Mining collaboration through textual semantic interpretation

In this paper, we report our attempt to evaluate the degree of online collaboration with quantitative analysis. Since most online collaborations are carried out through natural language, such quantitative analysis must rely on natural language processing. Here we discuss our work in analyzing an online social visualization web site using the semantic similarity measures of collaborative textual snippets. We use word-based textual similarity measures to study the relationships among user comments. We also detect and visualize the patterns of user collaborations.
Chlorpyrifos-methyl insecticide residues: their analysis and persistence in coastal bermudagrass and forage corn.

Residues of chlorpyrifos-methyl [ O, O -dimethyl O -(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate], its O -analogue and pyridinol hydrolysis product were determined in Coastal bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., and corn. The insecticide was applied in the field as aqueous sprays of an emulsifiable concentrate at rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 lb AI/acre. Residues of the parent compound and its O -analogue were analyzed by gas chromatography by using a flame photometric detector sensitive to phosphorus; the pyridinol was analyzed as the trimethylsilyl derivative by using electron-capture gas chromatography. Total residues in corn and grass treated at all levels declined to less than 1 ppm (mostly pyridinol) during 21 and 28 days of weathering in the field. Residues of the parent compound diminished rapidly; no trace (<0.01 ppm) of the O -analogue was detected.
Uptake and exudation behavior of perchlorate in smartweed.

Perchlorate uptake has been reported in a variety of vascular plants, but the mechanisms affecting the uptake, translocation, and exudation of ClO− 4 in plants are not well known. The uptake and transport behavior of ClO− 4 was studied in smartweed (Polygonum spp.) grown in aerated hydroponic ClO− 4 solutions with or without other common anions. Uptake followed first-order kinetics (0.017 ± 0.003 day−1) and there was no apparent competitive effect on ClO− 4 uptake for up to 500 mg L−1 of NO− 3 –N, SO2− 4, PO3− 4, or Cl−. The net ClO− 4 mass uptake was proportional to transpiration but with some exclusion of ClO− 4 from the transpiration stream. Up to 4% of the ClO− 4 in plants after a 30-d exposure to a 10-mg/L solution of ClO− 4 was exuded from the roots within 15 d after the exposure was ended. Perchlorate exudation followed first-order kinetics with a rate coefficient of 0.0018±0.0006 (day−1). Results obtained in this study indicate that evapotranspiration may be the critical variable to predict accumu...
Unified theoretical treatment of dissociative recombination of D3h triatomic ions: Application to H3+ and D3+

The dissociative recombination of an ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ ion after it is struck by a low-energy electron is important for understanding observations of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ in diffuse interstellar clouds. At the same time, it is the simplest triatomic ion and for this reason its theoretical description can serve as a prototype for other polyatomic ions. Meanwhile, experimental determinations of the recombination rate have varied widely, which has resulted in some controversy and confusion. Until recently, it seemed unlikely that this problem could be resolved by theoretical studies because the mechanism of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ dissociative recombination remained unclear. A recent study, however [Kokoouline et al., Nature (London) 412, 891 (2001)], provided evidence that the inclusion of the Jahn-Teller coupling can produce a dissociative recombination rate that overlaps the range of experimental observations. Here, we propose a theoretical description of the coupling between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom in a polyatomic molecule, which describes the competition between autoionization and predissociation of the Rydberg states formed after an incident electron is captured. The method treats the vibrational and rotational excitations of the ion, accounts for all symmetry restrictions imposed by the geometry of the molecule, including vibrational, rotational, and electronic and nuclear-spin symmetries. The framework combines the multichannel quantum-defect theory, the adiabatic hyperspherical approach, and the techniques of outgoing-wave Siegert pseudostates. The proposed method can be applied to studies of dissociative recombination of other triatomic ions, including all the degrees of freedom quantum mechanically. Our calculations of the cross section and the recombination rate confirm that the Jahn-Teller effect is responsible for the large rate in ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}.$ Theoretical results for dissociative recombination of ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}$ are in agreement with storage-ring experiments.
A simple method for maintaining large, aging populations of Caenorhabditis elegans

This paper describes a technique capable of establishing and maintaining large, age-synchronous populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The technique has three essential components: a rich chemical medium; a method for producing and harvesting mass quantities of eggs; and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. A culture of worms is filtered through glass wool or a wire screen to isolate young larvae. Eggs laid by these worms after they mature are collected over a period of 4-6 hours and allowed to hatch. A low level of FUdR (25 microM) is added just before the larvae reach maturity. This timing is important to avoid developmental abnormalities. The adults lay eggs in the presence of FUdR but the eggs do not hatch, which maintains the synchrony of the culture. Many aging characteristics appear to be similar in treated and untreated worms, such as the time of cessation of egg production, the appearance of visible and behavioral age-related changes, and the mean lifespan. This system thus seems suitable for large-scale biochemical analysis of certain aspects of aging in C. elegans.
A quantitative structure-activity relationship between partition coefficients and the acute toxicity of naphthalene derivatives in Artemia salina nauplii

Abstract The 1-octanol/water partition coefficient has been used frequently as a rapid predictor of organic pollutant bioconcentration potential in aquatic life. Harmful effects of aromatic compounds have been related to partition coefficients in a meaningful way. Acute toxicity tests were conducted by exposing 30-h posthatch Artemia salina larvae cultured at 19°C in artificial sea water to naphthalene, naphthalene derivatives, and other nonrelated chemicals for 24 h to determine immobilization concentrations (IC50). The IC50 value for each chemical was used to derive a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) which included the partition coefficient as the only parameter of molecular structure. A linear correlation resulted for all chemicals tested using Artemia: log 1 IC 50 =1.57(plusm 0.60)+0.88(plusm 0.12)× log P where n = 11, r2 = 0.968, and s = 0.226. The hydrophobic nature of the chemicals appeared to be the most important factor producing larval immobilization because the naphthalene congener set was not collinear with electronic and steric physicochemical properties. The IC50 values were also correlated with the molecular weight and boiling point of each chemical, but a significant increase in the regression variance occurred in comparison to log P. The naphthalene QSAR was a good predictor of acute toxicity in Artemia nauplii.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of esophagectomy specimens from patients with Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma

The progression of intestinal metaplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus is partly driven by chromosomal alterations that activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. The goal of this study was to determine how alterations of 4 frequently affected genes correlate with the range of histopathologic lesions observed in resected esophagi of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to assess 83 tissue sections from 10 Barrett's esophagus esophagogastrectomy specimens for chromosomal alterations of 8q24 (MYC), 9p21 (CDKN2A; alias P16), 17q12 (ERBB2), and 20q13.2 (ZNF217). Histologic lesions assessed included gastric metaplasia (n = 8), intestinal metaplasia (n = 43), low-grade dysplasia (n = 28), high-grade dysplasia (n = 25), and adenocarcinoma (n = 16). Histologic maps showing the correlation between fluorescence in situ hybridization abnormalities and corresponding histology were created for all patients. Chromosomal abnormalities included 9p21 loss, single locus gain, and polysomy. A greater number of chromosomal alterations were detected as the severity of histologic diagnosis increased from intestinal metaplasia to adenocarcinoma. All patients had alterations involving the CDKN2A gene. CDKN2A loss was the only abnormality detected in 20 (47%) of 43 areas of intestinal metaplasia. Polysomy, the most common abnormality in dysplastic epithelium and adenocarcinoma, was observed in 16 (57%) of 28 low-grade dysplasia, 22 (88%) of 25 high-grade dysplasia, and 16 (100%) of 16 adenocarcinoma. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the role that chromosomal instability and alterations of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A and oncogenes such as ERBB2 play in the progression of intestinal metaplasia to adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
Si molecular beam Epitaxy: A model for temperature dependent incorporation probabilities and depth distributions of dopants exhibiting strong surface segregation

Abstract A model describing the incorporation of thermal dopants into single crystal films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is presented. The model is general, accounts for dopant surface segregation during deposition, and allows dopant incorporation probabilities and depth profiles to be calculated as a function of film growth conditions (e.g. deposition rate, dopant beam flux, and growth temperature Ts). Input data to the model include thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy of segregation and dopant-surface binding energies together with kinetic parameters such as incident fluxes and dopant diffusivities. The model is applied here to Si MBE in which common dopants are typically characterized by strong surface segregation and temperature-dependent incorporation probabilities σ. Calculated values of σ(Ts) and calculated depth profiles were found to agree very well with available experimental data for both group-III acceptors and group-V donors in Si. In addition, the model predicts, in agreement with limited experimental data, that a growth parameter range exists in which abrupt doping profiles can be obtained, even for dopants which exhibit strong surface segregation. Finally, transition temperatures from equilibrium to kinetically-limited segregation are determined for several dopants.
Soft-tissue disorders of the ankle: a comprehensive arthroscopic approach

Ankle arthroscopy has dramatically advanced in the past decade. Many ailments of the ankle joint that were previously treated through open approaches are today treated with arthroscopic techniques. Arthroscopy allows for a more rapid recovery, better visualization of soft tissue lesions within the ankle joint and a more thorough examination of intracapsular ankle pathology. This article describes current arthroscopic treatments of ankle pathology limited to soft tissue structures. Additionally, a perspective is presented for the comprehensive treatment of lateral ankle pain including arthroscopic lateral ankle stabilization.
BLOCK COPOLYMERS AS LITHOGRAPHIC MATERIALS

Block copolymers consist of two or more polymer types connected as distinct strands. When incompatible blocks are combined, then phase separation can occur. In resist design, this offers the possibility of combining two distinct resist functions such as imaging and etch resistance using separate phases in a single polymer. Such separation of function may offer benefits in terms of dimensional stability, etch behavior and development characteristics. A series of 193nm imageable block and random copolymer resists based on t-butyl methacrylate and a silicon-containing methacrylate were studied to test these concepts and are reported here.
Efficient recompilation of module interfaces in a software development environment

This paper presents global interface analysis algorithms that analyze and limit the effects of an editing change to a basic interface of a software system. The algorithms improve on the deficiencies of the traditional compilation rule found in strongly-typed, separately-compiled programming languages, which often forces the recompilation of modules that are not at all affected by a change to a basic interface. The algorithms assume a software development environment that provides efficient access to the compilation dependencies and the module interfaces of the components being implemented. The algorithms are designed to operate on recursive compilation dependencies since separate compilation of recursive inter-module dependencies can easily be implemented in such an environment.
What drives corporate minority acquisitions around the world? The case for financial constraints☆

Abstract In this paper, I examine minority block acquisitions from 1990 to 2009, as well as possible theories for the presence of equity stake purchases. I find that target firms are financially constrained. Acquisitions significantly increase their stock prices at announcement, along with their investment expenditures afterwards. In the two years following the acquisition, 27% (9%) issue new equity (debt) and raise 27% (24%) of their market capitalization. These findings support the theory that equity stakes certify the investment opportunities of target firms. I also find some support for the contracting motive, mostly in countries with good investor protection and a well-performing banking sector.
On dominant operators

This paper is devoted to the study of dominant operators with an emphasis on their spectral properties. In particular the equation (T−λ)f(λ)≡ ≡x (T a dominant or hyponormal operator on the Hilbert space ℌ,x∈ℌ andf a function from the open setU to ℌ) is investigated in an effort to discover necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the analyticity off.
Effects of relative humidity on infection, colonization and conidiation of Magnaporthe orzyae on perennial ryegrass

Grey leaf spot, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, causes severe damage on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) turf. In this study, the effects of relative humidity (RH, 88 to 100% at 28°C) on infection, colonization and conidiation of M. oryzae on perennial ryegrass were investigated in controlled humidity chambers. Results showed that the RH threshold for successful M. oryzae infection was ≥92% at 28°C. The advancement of infection on the leaf tissue was further examined with a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged M. oryzae strain. No appressorium formation was found when the inoculum was incubated at RH ≤ 88%. Additionally, the GFP-tagged staining provided a rapid method to quantitatively compare the fungal colonization from leaf tissue at different levels of RH. The fluorescence intensity data indicated that the fungal biomass was highest at 100% RH and there was no fluorescence intensity observed at 88% RH or below. Conidiation was only observed when RH was ≥96%, with the most abundant conidiation occurring 8 days after inoculation. Reduced conidiation was associated with decreasing RH, and no conidiation occurred at RH ≤ 92%. This study indicates that infection and conidiation of M. oryzae on perennial ryegrass required different thresholds: 92% and 96% RH for infection and conidiation, respectively. The quantitative data from this research will assist in prediction of grey leaf spot disease outbreaks and of secondary infection of perennial ryegrass.
Sobre las fuentes de la Silva de Pedro Mexía

Comentario critico sobre la edicion de la Silva de varia leccion de Pedro Mexia cuidada por Antonio Castro (Madrid, Catedra, 2 vols., 1989-1990), con especial hincapie en las fuentes, fundamentales para una obra como la Silva, que nace de otros libros. Para el autor de esta resena, tan solo el conocimiento de estas fuentes nos da la medida correcta de la cultura de Mexia y de su juego intertextual, y nos sugiere el metodo mejor y mas economico de comentar su obra, sin gastar energias comentando los textos que el copiaba.
Propeptans in the treatment of ragweed hay fever

Abstract 1.1. Treatment of hay fever patients with ragweed pollen propeptans was a complete failure in five of eleven cases, while six patients had fair relief at best, if we disregard the psychological factor of a new kind of treatment. No case had a good or excellent result. Side effects from light to severe were seen in four of the eleven cases. 2.2. The antigen titer following treatment was high in the passive transfer test, and it exceeded considerably the titer before the treatment in most of the patients who had repeated tests.
A comparison of two diffusion process models in accounting for payoff and stimulus frequency manipulations

I analyzed response time and accuracy data from a numerosity discrimination experiment in which both stimulus frequency and payoff structure were manipulated. The numerosity discrimination encompassed responding either “low” or “high” to the number of asterisks in a 10 × 10 grid, on the basis of an experimenter-determined decision cutoff (fixed at 50). In the stimulus frequency condition, there were more low than high stimuli in some blocks and more high than low stimuli in other blocks. In the payoff condition, responses were rewarded such that the relative value of a stimulus mimicked the relative frequency of that stimulus in the previous manipulation. I modeled the data using two sequential-sampling models in which evidence was accumulated until either a “low” or a “high” decision criterion was reached and a response was initiated: a single-stage diffusion model framework and a two-stage diffusion model framework. In using these two frameworks, the goal was to examine their relative merits across stimulus frequency and payoff structure manipulations. I found that shifts in starting point in a single-stage diffusion framework and shifts in the initial drift rate in the two-stage model were able to account for the data. I also found, however, that these two shifts across the two models produced similar changes in the random walk that described the decision process. In conclusion, I found that the similarities in the descriptions of the decision processes make it difficult to choose between the two models and suggested that such a choice should consider model assumptions and parameter estimate interpretations.
Expression of the Soybean (Glycine max) Glutamate 1-Semialdehyde Aminotransferase Gene in Symbiotic Root Nodules

Extracts of soybean (Glycine max) root nodules and greening etiolated leaves catalyzed radiolabeled [delta]-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) formation from 3,4-[3H]glutamate but not from 1-[14C]glutamate. Nevertheless, those tissue extracts expressed the activity of glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA) aminotransferase, the C5 pathway enzyme that catalyzes ALA synthesis from GSA for tetrapyrrole formation. A soybean nodule cDNA clone that conferred ALA prototrophy, GSA aminotransferase activity, and glutamate-dependent ALA formation activity on an Escherichia coli GSA aminotransferase mutant was isolated. The deduced product of the nodule cDNA shared 79% identity with the GSA aminotransferase expressed in barley leaves, providing, along with the complementation data, strong evidence that the cDNA encodes GSA aminotransferase. GSA aminotransferase mRNA and enzyme activity were expressed in nodules but not in uninfected roots, indicating that the Gsa gene is induced in the symbiotic tissue. The Gsa gene was strongly expressed in leaves of etiolated plantlets independently of light treatment and, to a much lesser extent, in leaves of mature plants. We conclude that GSA aminotransferase, and possibly the C5 pathway, is expressed in a nonphotosynthetic plant organ for nodule heme synthesis and that Gsa is a regulated gene in soybean.
A method for the determination of surface areas of hydrophobic colloids

Abstract The adsorption of hydrolyzed hafnium species on a polyvinyl choride (PVC) latex in aqueous solutions was determined as a function of pH using the radioactive tracer Hf181. At equilibrium, monolayer coverage was obtained at pH > 4.5. Under these conditions hafnium is in the solution in the form of neutral, soluble Hf(OH)4 species. Using the particle size distribution and the number concentration of PVC, as obtained from light scattering, a cross-sectional area of Hf(OH)4 in the close packed adsorption layer is calculated to be 23 A2. This is in agreement with the value obtained using powdered glass (24A2).
Dancing for the King of Congo from Early Modern Central Africa to Slavery-Era Brazil

Breathtaking parades of black kings and their courts enlivened the streets of cities in Europe and the Americas between the fifteenth and the eighteenth centuries. Sumptuously dressed queens and kings and their resplendent attendants processed to the sound of music, lifted, temporarily, from the grim the life of enslavement or institutionalized inferiority many of them lived in the age of Atlantic slavery. Drawing from a recent analysis of a prominent ritual performance from the central African kingdom of Kongo called sangamento, this article offers a new interpretation of the black kings festivals, beyond their interpretation as carnivalesque pomp emulating and destabilizing European rule. On both shores of the Atlantic, the performances combined African and European regalia and pageantry to express and enact central African collective identity, political power, and social unity. Restaging performances and reshaping ideas honed in the Kongo, enslaved central Africans not only preserved the memory of thei...
A Queuing-Theoretic Approach to Task Scheduling and Processor Selection for Video-Decoding Applications

We propose a cross-layer design for resource-constrained systems that simultaneously decode multiple video streams on multiple parallel processors, cores, or processing elements. Our proposed design explicitly considers the coder specific application characteristics such as the decoding dependencies, decoding deadlines, and distortion impacts of different video packets (e.g., frames, slices, groups of slices etc.). The key to the cross-layer design is the resource management control plane (RMCP) that coordinates the scheduling and processor selection across the active applications. The RMCP deploys a priority-queuing model that can evaluate the system congestion and predict the total expected video quality for the set of active decoding tasks. Using this model, we develop a robust distortion-and delay-aware scheduling algorithm for video packets. This algorithm aims to maximize the sum of achieved video qualities over all of the decoded video sequences. Additionally, we propose a processor selection scheme intended to minimize the delays experienced by the queued video packets. In this way, the number of missed decoding deadlines is reduced and the overall decoded video quality is increased. We compare queuing-theoretic based scheduling strategies to media agnostic scheduling strategies (i.e., earliest-deadline-first scheduling) that do not jointly consider the decoding deadlines and distortion impacts. Our results illustrate that by directly considering the video application's properties in the design of a video decoding system, significant system performance gains on the order of 4 dB peak-signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved.
Factors Influencing the Outcome of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Systematic Review

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an effective method of treatment of chondral defects of the knee. ACI outcomes are influenced by patient-, knee-, and lesion-specific factors. We compiled subject-level data from current studies on ACI and quantitatively analyzed this data set for associations between patient-, knee-, and lesion-specific factors and the outcome of ACI surgery. A systematic review of studies investigating ACI treatment outcomes in the knee was performed. Only studies that published subject-level data were included. Data on patient and lesion characteristics, as well as clinical outcome scores, were collected. Thirteen studies (305 defects) were included in this review. These studies showed that ACI treatment improves clinical outcomes in different patient populations. However, subject-specific variables such as patient age, gender, body mass index, duration of preoperative symptoms, as well as defect size and location were not associated with International Knee Documentation Committee score or visual analog scale score changes (p > 0.05 for all). Covariate analysis showed that patient age was related to symptom duration prior to surgery (p = 0.009). ACI surgery has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with chondral lesions of the knee. Despite evidence in the literature showing that multiple patient-, knee-, and lesion-specific factors may influence treatment outcomes, our review shows that these factors, solely, do not affect outcomes. However, together, they may synergistically affect outcomes.
The biodistribution of metaiodobenzylguanidine

M E T A I O D O B E N Z Y L G U A N I D I N E can be (MIBG) labeled with iodine-(123I) or 1311. The nearly ideal emission properties m a k e 1231 the preferred radionuclide? MIBG is a guanethidine analogue and was originally studied as a potential antihypertensive agent. MIBG competes with norepinephrine for specific uptake and transport in adrenergic neurons and is subsequently stored in neurosecretory granules. Neoplastic derivatives of neural crest origin concentrate MIBG and are sensitively and specifically demonstrated in MIBG scans. 2'3
Ursolic acid differentially modulates apoptosis in skin melanoma and retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to UV-VIS broadband radiation.

The signaling pathways via mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) play key roles in transcription, translation and carcinogenesis, and may be activated by light exposure. These pathways can be modulated by naturally occurring compounds, such as the triterpenoid, ursolic acid (UA). Previously, the transcription factors p53 and NF-κB, which transactivate mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes, were shown to be differentially modulated by UA. UA-modulated apoptosis, following exposure to UV–VIS radiation (ultraviolet to visible light broadband radiation, hereafter abbreviated to UVR), is observed to correspond to differential levels of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and skin melanoma (SM) cells. The cellular response to this phytochemical was characterized using western blot, flow cytometry, microscopy with reactive oxidative species probes MitoTracker and dihydroethidium, and membrane permeability assay. UA pretreatment potentiated cell cycle arrest and UVR-induced apoptosis selectively in SM cells while reducing photo-oxidative stress in the DNA of RPE cells presumably by antioxidant activity of UA. Mechanistically, the nuclear transportation of p65 and p53 was reduced by UA administration prior to UVR exposure while the levels of p65 and p53 nuclear transportation in SM cells were sustained at a substantially higher level. Finally, the mitochondrial functional assay showed that UVR induced the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and this effect was exacerbated by rapamycin or UA pretreatment in SM preferentially. These results were consistent with reduced proliferation observed in the clonogenic assay, indicating that UA treatment enhanced the phototoxicity of UVR, by modulating the activation of p53 and NF-κB and initiating a mitogenic response to optical radiation that triggered mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, particularly in skin melanoma cells. The study indicates that this compound has multiple actions with the potential for protecting normal cells while sensitizing skin melanoma cells to UV irradiation.
Demonstration of end-to-end bit-parallel memory transactions across the ultra-low latency data vortex optical packet switch

We experimentally demonstrate end-to-end memory transactions between a processor and memory node across the data vortex optical packet switch. Successful read and write transactions via the network at 4×2.5 Gb/s are verified.
Multi-stage design for quasipolynomial-time isomorphism testing of steiner 2-systems

A standard heuristic for testing graph isomorphism is to first assign distinct labels to a small set of vertices of an input graph, and then propagate to create new vertex labels across the graph, aiming to assign distinct and isomorphism-invariant labels to all vertices in the graph. This is usually referred to as the individualization/refinement method for canonical labeling of graphs. We present a quasipolynomial-time algorithm for isomorphism testing of Steiner 2-systems. A Steiner 2-system consists of points and lines, where each line passes the same number of points and each pair of points uniquely determines a line. Each Steiner 2-system induces a Steiner graph, in which vertices represent lines and edges represent intersections of lines. Steiner graphs are an important subfamily of strongly regular graphs whose isomorphism testing has challenged researchers for years. Inspired by both the individualization/refinement method and the previous analyses of Babai and Spielman, we consider an extended framework for isomorphism testing of Steiner 2-systems, in which we use a small set of randomly chosen points and lines to build isomorphism-invariant multi-stage combinatorial structures that are sufficient to distinguish all pairs of points of a Steiner 2-system. Applying this framework, we show that isomorphism of Steiner 2-systems with n lines can be tested in time smash{nO(log n)}, improving the previous best bound of smash{exp(~{O}(n1/4))} by Spielman. Before our result, quasipolynomial-time isomorphism testing was only known for the case when the line size is polylogarithmic, as shown by Babai and Luks.A result essentially identical to ours was obtained simultaneously by Laszlo Babai and John Wilmes. They performed a direct analysis of the individualization/refinement method, building on a different philosophy and combinatorial structure theory.We comment on how this paper fits into the overall project of improved isomorphism testing for strongly regular graphs (the ultimate goal being subexponential exp(no(1)) time). In the remaining cases, we only need to deal with strongly regular graphs satisfying "Neumaier's claw bound," permitting the use of a separate set of asymptotic structural tools. In joint work (in progress) with Babai and Wilmes, we address that case and have already pushed the overall bound below smash{exp(~{O}(n1/4))}. The present paper is a methodologically distinct and stand-alone part of the overall project.
Intralist interference in associative learning

A 2 × 5 factorial design was used in which six high-m or six low-m pairs were presented for 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 trials. Following the presentations, Ss were required to recall the individual items of the list, recall the pairs of the list, and rate each item with respect to its degree of association with every other item in the list. The recall results indicated significant effects of trials and m value and also showed that of the total items recalled, the low-m condition had a relatively larger number of items recalled individually rather than recalled as pairs, whereas the high-m condition had a larger number of items recalled as pairs. The rating results for both m conditions revealed that items correctly learned as pairs tended to be rated as associated to each other and as not associated to other items. In addition, for high-m pairs, items correctly recalled but not learned as one item of a pair tended to be rated as more associated to other items of the list than items not recalled. The findings were discussed in terms of their relation to associative learning.
Nanotube Membrane Based Biosensors

We review highly sensitive detection based on electrochemical methods. These methods are based on monodisperse gold and alumina nanotubule membranes with inside diameter approaching molecular dimensions. The analyte species can be detected by measuring a change in trans-membrane current when the analyte is added to the nanotubule-based cell. The second method entails the use of a concentration change based on the nanotubule membrane. Biomemtic ion-gated channels micropore and nanotubule membrane sensors are also reviewed. These synthetic ion channels can be switched from an “off” state to an “on” state in response to an external chemical stimulus. Using these methods, we have achieved detection limits as low as 10 pM. Potential applications for these biosensors are in fields such as bioanalytical, biomedical, pharmaceutical and drug discovery.
Analysis of Pressure Drop in Extruder Dies

Entrance pressure drop of extruder dies increased with a decrease in the ratio of barrel-to-die diameter during the extrusion of corn. For the low Reynolds number flow studied (1.77 x 10−3≤ Re ≤ 9 x 10−5) the viscous component, obtained from Weissberg's analysis, contributed 2% to 40% of the entrance pressure drop and increased as the barrel-to-die diameter ratio decreased. The friction factor for laminar fully developed flow through the die followed the expression f = 16/Re'. Fully developed flow within the die was achieved at a die length-to-diameter ratio of 9.
Attribution of Success and Failure in College Performance

Summary Previous findings attributing academic achievement to traditional causes were replicated and extended to nontraditional causes in two experiments. In the first, 74 female and 40 male students in introductory level courses evaluated their course performance and made causal attributions for their achievement. In addition to the four traditional causes of achievement—ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck—attributions were made to the teacher's performance, interest in the course, and past training. Successful students made higher attributions than unsuccessful students to teacher's performance, effort, ability, and interest. The second experiment, in which 37 advanced math students made attributions for their course achievement, replicated the effects of success on attributions to effort and ability.
Semiparametric mixed model for longitudinal image data

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with analyzing the image data with repeated measurement. Modeling the complex spatial variability in medical images can enhance the inference for comparing treatments and examining the time evolution. We propose a semiparametric mixed regression model that combines the robustness of a low-rank spline method with the efficiency of likelihood-based parameter estimation. In the convenient framework of a linear mixed model, we decompose pattern variation by using the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of a spatial random process. Additional spatial covariates, the time variable and other experimental factors are easily accommodated in the linear predictor, which enables comprehensive analyses underlying spatial patterns. The back-fitting algorithm and the smoothing parameter selections are investigated by simulation for our semiparametric model. We illustrate our method through application to data from a clinical study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation effects on the seati...
STI571: an inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia

The deregulated tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein has been established as the causative molecular event in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Thus, the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is an ideal target for pharmacological inhibition. STI571 (formerly CGP57148B), is an ABL-specific inhibitor of tyrosine kinase that, in preclinical studies, selectively killed BCR-ABL-containing cells in vitro and in vivo. Clinical studies have shown the potential of this specifically targeted therapy, and STI571 is emerging as an important new therapeutic agent for chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
Hemoglobin Values as an Index of Resistance to Cecal Coccidiosis

Abstract DURING the initial stages of a project to develop lines of chickens differing in their resistance to oral inoculation of the coccidia, Eimeria tenella, hemoglobin values were used as one of the criteria to determine the effects of the coccidia. The results of these tests are presented to show the relationship that existed between the hemoglobin values and the resistance of chicks to coccidia. MATERIALS AND METHODS All chicks used were pedigree hatched from artificially inseminated hens. The baby chicks were removed from the incubator to brooders where they were kept free from coccidia for the 10-day period prior to inoculation with coccidia oocysts. Hemoglobin determinations were made just prior to inoculation with oocysts at approximately 11:00 a.m. when the chicks were 11 days of age and again on the 17th day, approximately 144 hours following inoculation. The hemoglobin values were determined as follows: 0.02 ml. of blood was taken . . .