cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polyphenolics from Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and Red Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) Protect Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) from Glucose- and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Inflammation and Target MicroRNA-126

Endothelial anti-inflammatory effects of acai (Ac) and red muscadine grape (Gp) polyphenolics have not been extensively investigated. It was hypothesized that polyphenolics from Ac and Gp exert comparable protective effects in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) upon inflammatory stress. Furthermore, this study investigated whether microRNAs relevant to endothelial function might be regulated by Ac and Gp. Results showed that Ac and Gp (5-20 mg gallic acid equivalent/L) protected HUVEC against glucose-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Glucose-induced expression of interleukin-6 and -8 was down-regulated by Ac and Gp at mRNA and protein levels. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 μg/L)-induced inflammation, Ac and Gp inhibited gene expression of adhesion molecules and NF-κB activation to similar extents, although Gp was more effective in decreasing PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 protein. Of the screened microRNAs, only microRNA-126 expression was found to be modulated by Ac and Gp as the underlying mechanism to inhibit gene and protein expression of VCAM-1.
Subunit D (Vma8p) of the yeast vacuolar H+-ATPase plays a role in coupling of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis.

Abstract To investigate the function of subunit D in the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex, random and site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the VMA8 gene encoding subunit D in yeast. Mutants were selected for the inability to grow at pH 7.5 but the ability to grow at pH 5.5. Mutations leading to reduced levels of subunit D in whole cell lysates were excluded from the analysis. Seven mutants were isolated that resulted in pH-dependent growth but that contained nearly wild-type levels of subunit D and nearly normal assembly of the V-ATPase as assayed by subunit A levels associated with isolated vacuoles. Each of these mutants contained 2–3 amino acid substitutions and resulted in loss of 60–100% of proton transport and 58–93% of concanamycin-sensitive ATPase activity. To identify the mutations responsible for the observed effects on activity, 14 single amino acid substitutions and 3 double amino acid substitutions were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis and analyzed as described above. Six of the single mutations and all three of the double mutations led to significant (>30%) loss of activity, with the mutations having the greatest effects on activity clustering in the regions Val71–Gly80 and Lys209–Met221. In addition, both M221V and the double mutant V71D/E220V led to significant uncoupling of proton transport and ATPase activity, whereas the double mutant G80D/K209E actually showed increased coupling efficiency. Both a mutant showing reduced coupling and a mutant with only 6% of wild-type proton transport activity showed normal dissociation of the V-ATPase complexin vivo in response to glucose deprivation. These results suggest that subunit D plays an important role in coupling of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis and that only low rates of turnover of the enzyme are required to support in vivo dissociation.
Weight based heparin dosing for thromboembolic disease is associated with earlier anticoagulation in surgical patients.

Abstract Introduction : Achievement of early therapeutic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) is associated with improved outcomes in thromboembolic disease. Weight based UFH expedites time to therapeutic anticoagulation. Treatment with UFH is challenging in surgical patients due to their high propensity for bleeding. We sought to test the hypothesis that an initial weight based UFH infusion in surgical patients increases the percentage of patients who achieve early therapeutic anticoagulation without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic events. Methods : Using a non-concurrent retrospective cohort study design, adult surgical patients receiving UFH for venous thromboembolism (VTE) at a tertiary care center were included. Two groups were identified: the weight based (WB) and the under-dosed (UD) heparin groups. For our primary outcome, we compared percentage of patients in each group that achieved a therapeutic PTT within 24 h. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of supratherapeutic PTT levels, hemorrhagic events, and complications associated with VTE. Results : 73 subjects met study criteria, which included 8 subjects in the WB group and 65 in the UD group. The demographic, baseline laboratory, admitting service and type of VTE were similar between the 2 groups. The percentages of WB and UD subjects who achieved a therapeutic PTT within 24 h were 75% and 28%, respectively ( p Conclusion : Surgical patients who received an initial weight based UFH infusion achieved earlier therapeutic anticoagulation compared to under-dosed UFH without increasing the occurrence of supratherapeutic PTT levels or hemorrhagic events.
Inhibition of superoxide dismutases by azide.

Abstract Iron-containing Superoxide dismutases are more sensitive to inhibition by azide than are the corresponding manganese containing enzymes, while the copper-zinc Superoxide dismutases are least sensitive. Thus, at pH 7.8, 10 m m azide inhibited Cu-Zn, Mn, and Fe enzymes by ~10%, ~30% and ~73%, respectively. Stated differently, the concentrations of N 3 − required to cause 50% inhibition of the Cu-Zn, Mn, and Fe enzymes was ~32 m m , ~20 m m and ~4 m m , respectively. These inhibitions by azide, which were imposed and reversed rapidly, appear to provide a useful criterion for distinguishing among the classes of these enzymes. Sensitivity towards inhibition by N 3 − can be applied to the Superoxide dismutases in crude extracts, for the purpose of deciding to which class they belong.
Interfacf Requirements in Nuclear Medicine-Devices and Systems

Interface designs for three nuclear medicine imaging systems, and computer networking strategies proposed for medical imaging departments are presented. Configurations for two positron emission tomography devices (PET III and ECAT) and a general purpose tomography instrument (the UNICON) are analyzed in terms of specific performance parameters. Interface designs for these machines are contrasted in terms of utilization of standard versus custom modules, cost, and ease of modification, upgrade, and support. The requirements of general purpose systems for medical image analysis, display, and archiving, are considered, and a realizable state of the art system is specified, including a suggested timetable.
Enhancement of phenolic polymer properties by use of ethylene glycol as diluent

One application of phenolic resins is for the inner lining of multilayered composites in fire critical applications. Typically such resins contain water as a diluent to facilitate injection and mold filling. Although water is effective in controlling the viscosity, its evaporation from the resin during cure has been found to cause microvoids in the cured resin that are 8–10 μm in size. These voids are believed to affect the properties of the final product. In addition to the initial water content, evolution of water also takes place as a result of cure. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing parameters such as cure temperature, postcure temperature, catalyst concentration, and the use of ethylene glycol as a replacement diluent on water loss, microvoid distribution, and consequently, the mechanical properties. Weight loss during cure was followed by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain images of cured resin showing the microvoids. The properties that have been obtained for comparison are density, flexural modulus and strength, and fracture toughness. It has been shown that modification of the resin by removing the initial water of a commercial resin system and adding ethylene glycol as a replacement has the most significant effect on the microvoids as well as the properties of the polymer. A decrease in void content and increase in density along with a significant improvement in flexural modulus and fracture toughness have been observed upon replacement of water with ethylene glycol. This is significant because of the importance of the phenolic layer to the overall mechanical performance of a hybrid composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3096–3106, 2004
Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post-fledging King Eiders Somateria spectabilis and their attendant females

Post-fledging dispersal and site fidelity are poorly understood, particularly for sea ducks that spend the majority of their annual cycle at sea. This is the first description of movements and their timing for first-year (juvenile) and second-year (subadult) King Eiders Somateria spectabilis in relation to their attendant females. We fitted satellite transmitters that operated for 2 years to 63 hatch-year birds and 17 attendant females at breeding areas in northern Alaska in 2006–2009. Our goals were to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of pre-breeding individuals and adult females that had been successful breeders. We also examined fidelity to wing moulting and wintering areas as well as natal philopatry. Juveniles did not appear to follow attendant adults, although they did winter in the same three general wintering areas, suggesting that genetic inheritance and social factors may have roles in the initial migration from the breeding area. Additionally, juveniles were more variable in the timing and duration of migration, moved longer distances during the winter, and were less faithful to moulting and wintering areas than adults, indicating that individual exploration and acquired navigational memory played a role in subsequent migrations. Most (75%) subadult females returned to natal areas, probably prospecting for future nesting sites, whereas subadult males were widely dispersed at sea. Timing and duration of moult migration and wing moult of adult females that were presumed to be successful breeders differed from those of unsuccessful breeders due to the extended time that the former spent on the breeding grounds. Temporal and spatial segregation of post-fledging King Eiders from adults has direct management implications in terms of resource development and population dynamics.
Effects of 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists on 5‐HT and nicotinic depolarizations in guinea‐pig submucosal neurones

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones of the guinea-pig submucosal plexus. The effects of several 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists on depolarizations produced by ionophoretic application of 5-HT and acetylcholine, as well as on fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast e.p.s.ps) produced by nerve stimulation were examined. 2. ICS 205-930, GR 38032F, MDL 72222, cocaine and curare all inhibited the fast e.p.s.p. as well as the depolarizations in response to 5-HT and acetylcholine (ACh) ionophoresis in a dose-dependent fashion. 3. IC50 values for ICS 205-930, GR 38032F, MDL 72222, cocaine and curare in inhibiting the 5-HT mediated depolarizations were 12 nM, 100 nM, 3 microM, 3 microM and 20 microM, respectively. 4. IC50 values for ICS 205-930, GR 38032F, MDL 72222, cocaine and curare in inhibiting the nicotinic depolarizations were 4 microM, 12 microM, 11 microM, 6 microM and 17 microM, respectively. Similar IC50 values were obtained for inhibition of the fast e.p.s.ps by these antagonists. 5. The nicotinic receptor blocker, hexamethonium, inhibited the nicotinic depolarization and the fast e.p.s.p. with IC50 values of 10 microM. Hexamethonium (10 microM-5 mM) did not alter the depolarization induced by 5-HT. 6. These results demonstrate that the pharmacological profile of 5-HT3 receptors present on submucosal neurones is identical to that of 5-HT3 receptors on myenteric neurones and, thus, provide evidence that the enteric neuronal 5-HT3 receptor forms a receptor subtype distinct from that characterized in other parts of the autonomic nervous system.
Response of the ECG to short-term diuresis in patients with heart failure.

Background Increase in the amplitude of electrocardiogram (ECG) QRS complexes has been observed in patients treated for heart failure (HF), but the underlying mechanism has not been delineated. Also, correlation of augmentation of the QRS potentials with loss of weight has been noted in patients recovering from anasarca of varying etiology, or after hemodialysis. We assessed the effect of diuresis-based fluid loss in patients treated for HF on the amplitude of ECG QRS complexes. Methods This is a cohort study based on ECG and other data from a previously published investigation of patients with HF conducted at a university affiliated hospital, which used new measurements and analysis, performed by a totally blinded investigator based at another institution. Twenty-one patients (10 men) aged 70.5+/-12.7 years, 13 with ischemic, and 8 with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, were admitted to the hospital for management of exacerbated HF and were observed for 48 hours. The patients received diuresis, and had routine laboratory testing, documentation of the net fluid lost, and recording of ECGs prior to the initiation of therapy and at 24 and 48 hours. Percent change (%Delta) over the course of observation in the sums of the amplitude of QRS complexes from 12 leads (SigmaQRS12), 6-limb leads (SigmaQRS6), and leads 1+2 (SigmaQRS2) in mm of standard ECGs were correlated with net fluid loss corrected for admission weight in mL/kg. Results Fluid loss amounted to 3204.9+/-1399.5 mL in the course of 40+/-23 hours of diuresis. SigmaQRS12 was 160.9+/-42.3 mm before and 170.0+/-50.7 mm after diuresis (P=0. 024). Percent change in SigmaQRS12, SigmaQRS6, and SigmaQRS2 correlated well with the net fluid loss (r=-0.70, -0.82, -0.61, and P=0.002, 0.0005, 0.001) correspondingly. Conclusion Changes in sums of the amplitude of QRS complexes of the standard ECG correlates well with net fluid loss in response to short-term diuresis in patients with HF. Change in the SigmaQRS12, SigmaQRS6, and SigmaQRS2 from ECGs before and after diuresis can be used as an easily obtainable and universally available bedside index of the net fluid loss experienced by bedridden patients with HF undergoing therapy.
High performance mobility without agent infrastructure for connection oriented service

Currently it is very difficult for connection oriented applications to use a mobile environment. One reason is that Mobile IP requires intermediate software agents to be deployed in the Internet. This infrastructure based mobility scheme offers connectivity to itinerant hosts but incurs significant handoff and tunneling delays along with deployment costs. These delays are particularly harmful for connection oriented applications. In this paper we investigate an alternate mobility scheme which does not require any such infrastructure but only uses an end-point technique and interestingly provides much faster loss-free handoff for connection oriented applications. This End-to-End scheme named Interactive Protocol for Mobile Networks (IPMN) intelligently performs handoff based on information provided by MAC Layer. The network address change is handled by renewing the existing connections by manipulating the TCP/IP stack at the end-points. Also, unlike several other recently proposed end-to-end techniques which require extensive modification of end-protocols, the proposed scheme does not require any functional change in the TCP/IP protocol software. Besides the difference in deployment scenarios, the IPMN offers blazingly fast event based handoff and much faster and simplified transport (no tunneling delay) than MIP. We have implemented IPMN over FreeBSD. In this paper we show the performance advantage of IPMN over MIP with real deployment for three interesting real-time traffic types - www, voice streaming and, steerable/interactive time critical video.
Maternal Experience with Predation Risk Influences Genome-Wide Embryonic Gene Expression in Threespined Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

There is growing evidence for nongenetic effects of maternal experience on offspring. For example, previous studies have shown that female threespined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exposed to predation risk produce offspring with altered behavior, metabolism and stress physiology. Here, we investigate the effect of maternal exposure to predation risk on the embryonic transcriptome in sticklebacks. Using RNA-sequencing we compared genome-wide transcription in three day post-fertilization embryos of predator-exposed and control mothers. There were hundreds of differentially expressed transcripts between embryos of predator-exposed mothers and embryos of control mothers including several non-coding RNAs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed biological pathways involved in metabolism, epigenetic inheritance, and neural proliferation and differentiation that differed between treatments. Interestingly, predation risk is associated with an accelerated life history in many vertebrates, and several of the genes and biological pathways that were identified in this study suggest that maternal exposure to predation risk accelerates the timing of embryonic development. Consistent with this hypothesis, embryos of predator-exposed mothers were larger than embryos of control mothers. These findings point to some of the molecular mechanisms that might underlie maternal effects.
The new world of discovery, invention, and innovation: convergence of knowledge, technology, and society

Convergence of knowledge and technology for the benefit of society (CKTS) is the core opportunity for progress in the twenty-first century. CKTS is defined as the escalating and transformative interactions among seemingly different disciplines, technologies, communities, and domains of human activity to achieve mutual compatibility, synergism, and integration, and through this process to create added value and branch out to meet shared goals. Convergence has been progressing by stages over the past several decades, beginning with nanotechnology for the material world, followed by convergence of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information, and cognitive science (NBIC) for emerging technologies. CKTS is the third level of convergence. It suggests a general process to advance creativity, innovation, and societal progress based on five general purpose principles: (1) the interdependence of all components of nature and society, (2) decision analysis for research, development, and applications based on dynamic system-logic deduction, (3) enhancement of creativity and innovation through evolutionary processes of convergence that combines existing principles and divergence that generates new ones, (4) the utility of higher-level cross-domain languages to generate new solutions and support transfer of new knowledge, and (5) the value of vision-inspired basic research embodied in grand challenges. CKTS is a general purpose approach in knowledge society. It allows society to answer questions and resolve problems that isolated capabilities cannot, as well as to create new competencies, knowledge, and technologies on this basis. Possible solutions are outlined for key societal challenges in the next decade, including support for foundational emerging technologies NBIC to penetrate essential platforms of human activity and create new industries and jobs, improve lifelong wellness and human potential, achieve personalized and integrated healthcare and education, and secure a sustainable quality of life for all. This paper provides a 10-year “NBIC2” vision within a longer-term framework for converging technology and human progress outlined in a previous study of unifying principles across “NBIC” fields that began with nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and technologies based on and enabling cognitive science (Roco and Bainbridge, Converging technologies for improving human performance: nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences, 2003).
Separation of blackcurrant anthocyanins by capillary zone electrophoresis

The four major anthocyanins present in juice of the blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) may be completely separated by capillary zone electrophoresis under strongly acidic conditions. The separation, resolution and peak shapes of the anthocyanins are critically influenced by the pH of the running buffer and the presence of an organic solvent. Fused-silica and polyacrylamide-coated capillary columns were evaluated for their ability to resolve the closely migrating analytes. Optimum qualitative separation was achieved on a fused-silica capillary with a phosphate running buffer containing 30% (v/v) acetonitrile at an apparent pH of 1.5.
Synthesis and evaluation of [125I]-(S)-iodozacopride, a high affinity radioligand for 5HT3 receptors.

Abstract We have developed a high specific activity radioiodinated ligand for the biochemical evaluation and autoradiographic localization of 5HT3 receptors in the brain. [ 125 I ]-(S)- iodozacopride was synthesized by radioiodination of deschloro-(S)-zacopride using chloramine-T, and the product was purified by HPLC. The equilibrium kinetics and pharmacology of the binding of this radioligand were studied in homogenates of rat cerebral cortex, while the distribution of binding was examined by quantitative autoradiography. [ 125 I ]-(S)- iodozacopride bound to a single, saturable, specific binding site (Kd = 192 ± 9 pM, Bmax = 1.2 ± 0.2 fmol/mg protein). The binding had the pharmacological properties of a 5HT3 receptor, being potently inhibited by a variety of 5HT3 agonists and antagonists including (S)-zacopride (Ki = 0.032 nM), Quipazine (Ki = 0.45 nM), LY278584 (Ki = 0.5 nM), (1-m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (Ki = 0.6 nM) and ICS 205–930 (Ki = 1.0 nM). Autoradiographic studies were undertaken by incubating sections with 400 pM [ 125 I ]-(S)- iodozacopride and exposing them to film for 3–7 days to obtain suitable autoradiograms. Specific binding of [ 125 I ]-(S)- iodozacopride was found at various amounts in a variety of brain regions. The highest levels of binding were found in the brainstem, principally the nucleus of the solitary tract with somewhat lower levels in the area postrema, substantia gelatinosa of the trigeminal nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. In the rat forebrain, moderate levels of specific binding were found in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus and various subnuclei of the amygdala. Lower levels of binding were seen in the superficial laminae of the parietal cerebral cortex and diffusely distributed throughout the hippocampal formation. In conclusion, [ 125 I ]-(S)- iodozacopride binds to a receptor site with the pharmacological properties and distribution that is consistent with the 5HT3 receptor. [ 125 I ]-(S)- iodozacopride represents a significant improvement in autoradiographic studies of the 5HT3 receptor by reducing the required exposure time for producing autoradiograms from the 3–6 months required for [3H]-labeled ligands to 3–7 days.
Ascorbic acid metabolism in fish: is there a maternal effect on the progeny?

Abstract High maternal ascorbic acid intakes have been shown to ‘condition’ the ascorbic acid requirement of guinea pig offspring. To examine whether a similar effect exists in fish, and what the relative importance of both maternal and offspring ascorbic acid intake is on offspring performance, rainbow trout offspring from females fed high (360 mg kg −1 ) or ascorbic acid free (0 mg kg −1 ) diets were maintained on both a high (500 mg kg −1 ) or marginal (20 mg kg −1 ) ascorbic acid diet. A high ascorbic acid status of the egg protected hatched fry against increased mortality due to a marginal ascorbic acid intake. Mortality of high ascorbic acid offspring was not affected by the dietary ascorbic acid level until after 18 weeks of initiation of exogenous feeding. However, the marginal diet did result in a significantly lower individual weight starting at Week 7 (final body weight: 2.5 ± 0.4 g, marginal ascorbic acid and 4.8 ± 0.6 g, high ascorbic acid intake). Ascorbic acid deficient offspring fed a marginal ascorbic acid diet showed continuously high mortalities, reaching 92.3 ± 1.9% after 15 weeks. Feeding the high ascorbic acid diet to the ascorbic acid deficient offspring led to significant growth recoveries. Final individual fish weight was not significantly different between the ascorbic acid deficient or the high ascorbic acid offspring fed a high ascorbic acid diet. Survival of both groups fed a high ascorbic acid diet were identical from Week 7 onwards. However, the initially higher mortality in the low ascorbic acid offspring resulted in a significantly higher (71.1 ± 2.2% vs 59.6 ± 6.4%) cumulative mortality. Experiments with radiolabeled ascorbic acid did not reveal significant differences in ascorbic acid conservation after 3 months of feeding.
Finite Beings, Finite Goods: The Semantics, Metaphysics and Ethics of Naturalist Consequentialism, Part II

3. Adams on Counterfactual Accounts of Weil-Being. 3.0. Well-being as a Challenge to Naturalism. In Chapter Three Adams dis cusses and criticizes those accounts of a person's well being which character ize it in terms of counterfactuals regarding (idealizations of) her actual desires and preferences. These criticisms are important for the question of ethical naturalism because any plausible naturalist position will have to portray a person's well-being as somehow or other supervening on features of her psy chology and her environment. The sorts of analyses Adams criticizes are the most prominent analyses consistent with this constraint, so it is important to see whether or not Adams' criticisms of them undermine the prospects for ethical naturalism generally. As it happens, I agree that analyses of the sort Adams criticizes don't work, so this is another case in which I believe that he has raised crucial questions for the ethical naturalist. I do not have a fully worked out alterna tive naturalist account of well-being. Instead, I'll sketch the direction in which I believe such an account should be developed. I'll begin with a distinction which will prove important.
Computed stress fields in GaAs during vertical Bridgman growth

The thermoelastic stress field of GaAs crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method has been approximated using a linear elastic, axisymmetric stress model. The model included the effects due to the thermal field and the gravitational field, as well as the interaction with the ampoule, but did not fully account for the elastic anisotropy of the crystal. Realistic thermal fields for different furnace temperatures and insulation zone thicknesses were computed with a similar model. The difference between the Von Mises stress and the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) was used as a measure of the number of dislocations present. Different sets of growth parameters were examined to determine which produced the lowest amount of stress in the crystal. Results show that the crystal-ampoule interaction is the most important parameter in dislocation generation. In addition, for the same sticking boundary conditions, concave interfaces have lower stress than convex interfaces.
Social housing and alcohol drinking in male-female pairs of prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster )

Social environment influences alcohol consumption in humans; however, animal models have only begun to address biological underpinnings of these effects. We investigated whether social influences on alcohol drinking in the prairie vole are specific to the sex of the social partner. In Experiment 1, control, sham, and gonadectomized voles were placed either in mesh-divided housing with a same-sex sibling or isolation with access to ethanol. In Experiment 2, animals were given an elevated plus maze test (EPM) and then females were paired with a castrated male followed by isolation or mesh-divided housing with access to ethanol. In Experiment 3, subjects categorized as low or high drinkers based on initial ethanol intake were placed in mesh-divided housing with an opposite-sex partner of the same or opposite drinking group and ethanol access. Subjects were then moved back to isolation for a final ethanol access period. Same-sex pairs showed social facilitation of drinking similar to previous reports. Gonadectomy did not affect alcohol drinking. Opposite-sex paired animals in Experiment 2 did not differ in alcohol drinking based on social housing. EPM measures suggested a relationship between anxiety-like behaviors and drinking that depended on social environment. Experiment 3 identified moderate changes in alcohol preference based on social housing, but these effects were influenced by the animal’s own drinking behavior and were independent of their partner’s drinking. Social influences on alcohol self-administration in prairie voles differ based on the sex of a social partner, consistent with human drinking behavior.
Toward a Theoretical Understanding of Hypermasculine Coping Among Urban Black Adolescent Males

Abstract The literature regarding African American males has generally focused on the cultural or academic deficits of Black boys. This short-sighted approach fails to take into account the role of contextin shaping opportunities to complete normative developmental tasks. Further, such deficit perspectives leave few to no options for intervention. Consequently, a process-oriented and developmentally informed theoretical model (PVEST) was used to examine the relationships between risks, stress, and coping for a sample of urban Black adolescent males (n = 125). More specifically, the role of fear in promoting hypermasculine coping is explored. The results suggest that hypermasculine attitudes are a function of hypervulnerabilty. Coping-based intervention strategies are discussed.
Using identity theory to develop a midrange model of parental gatekeeping and parenting behavior.

Given the socially constructed nature of parenthood, frameworks such as identity theory can help explain mothering and fathering behaviors and, particularly, parents' influence on one another's behaviors (referred to here as parental gatekeeping). Burke's (1991, 1997) identity verification model suggests that others encourage or inhibit identity-relevant behaviors via identity-behavior-feedback loops. This article proposes that such dyadic processes can explain parental gatekeeping; by combining empirical literature and propositions from identity theory and adding gender and power as moderating constructs, a midrange model of parental gatekeeping and parental behavior is derived.
Kinetics of immunosuppression induced by peptic fragments of bovine serum albumin.

Abstract A single injection of nonimmunogenic peptic fragments of bovine serum albumin (BSA) suppressed the primary antialbumin IgE response when administered to mice before the antigen. The treated animals remained unresponsive to BSA for an extensive period of time (at least 40 days); however, periodic alleviation of the suppression during that period was observed. The oscillating suppression correlated well with presence or absence of BSA-specific suppressor cells in the spleens of the treated mice. It is concluded that specific immunosuppression is a dynamic process which for full interpretation must be observed over more extensive period of time.
Distribution and diel vertical migration of the euphausiid Thysanoessa macrura in Gerlache Strait, Antarctica

Thysanoessa macrura was found throughout Gerlache Strait, Antarctica, during four surveys carried out from 30 October to 23 November 1989, with the highest abundance being 332 individuals m−2 (0–290 m). Reproduction had begun just before the surveys took place, as indicated by the presence of females with attached spermatophores and of larvae. Thirteen-month old females were reproductive. Larvae in 9 depth strata between 0–290 m were dominated by calyptopis stages, and developed from calyptopis 1 to furcilia 1 during November. Larval abundance was not correlated to chlorophyll a concentration, which showed a consistent east-west gradient in Gerlache Strait with highest concentrations (>30 mg chlorophyll a m−3) in bays of the Antarctic Peninsula. Survival of larvae appeared to not be affected by phytoplankton abundance. Older T. macrura showed strong diel vertical migration between the surface at night and depths to 120 m during mid-day. Larvae were consistently found in the chlorophyll a-rich upper 50 m during night (90%) and day (81%), while adults and juveniles were found in the upper 50m at night (83%), but only 16% remained there during the day.
Effect of temperature on the molting, growth and maturation of the antarctic krill Euphausia superba (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) under laboratory conditions

The effect of temperature on molting, growth, and maturation rates was studied on laboratory-maintained Euphausia superba. The length of intermolt periods (IMP's) was inversely proportional to temperature (20.10 d, SD=1.60, at 0.12°C; 16.87 d, SD=1.68, at 0.97°C; and 12.48 d, SD=0.90, at 4.48°C), and directly proportional to krill size at 0.12°C and 0.97°C. For individually maintained krill the maximum growth rate at 4.48°C (0.068 mm d-1) was nearly twice that at 0.68°C (0.037 mm d-1). There was no observable temperature effect on maturation rates. The maturation changes of juveniles at all temperatures indicated that more than two years are probably required to reach maturity. Mature males and females regressed to immature forms, suggesting that E. superba may reproduce in successive years. These results and previously reported field and laboratory data for E. superba and other euphausiid species suggest a 4+ year life span for this species.
Separability in the strict topology

Abstract Let X be a completely regular Hausdorff space and E be a locally convex Hausdorff space. Then Cb(X) ⊗ E is dense in (Cb(X, E), β0), (Cb(X), β) ⊗ϵ E = (Cb(X) ⊗ E, β) and (Cb(X), β1) ⊗ϵ E = (Cb(X) ⊗ E, β1). For a separable space E, (Cb(X, E), β0) is separable if and only if X is separably submetrizable. As a corollary, for a locally compact paracompact space X, if (Cb(X, E), β0) is separable, then X is metrizable.
The mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel is inhibited by DIDS

The mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel (IMAC) is a channel, identified by flux studies in intact mitochondria, which has a broad anion selectivity and is maintained closed or inactive by matrix Mg2+ and H+. We now present evidence that this channel, like many other chloride/anion channels, is reversibly blocked/inhibited by stilbene-2,2′-disulfonates. Inhibition of malonate transport approaches 100% with IC50 values of 26, 44, and 88 ΜM for DIDS, H2-DIDS, and SITS respectively and Hill coefficients ≤1. In contrast, inhibition of Cl− transport is incomplete, reaching a maximum of about 30% at pH 7.4 and 65% at pH 8.4 with an IC50 which is severalfold higher than that for malonate. The IC50 for malonate transport is decreased about 50% by pretreatment of the mitochondria withN-ethylmaleimide. Raising the assay pH from 7.4 to 8.4 increases the IC50 by about 50%, but under conditions where only the matrix pH is made alkaline the IC50 is decreased slightly. These properties and competition studies suggest that DIDS inhibits by binding to the same site as Cibacron blue 3GA. In contrast, DIDS does not appear to compete with the fluorescein derivative Erythrosin B for inhibition. These findings not only provide further evidence that IMAC may be more closely related to other “Cl−” channels than previously thought, but also suggest that other Cl− channels may be sensitive to some of the many regulators of IMAC which have been identified.
Bond graphs and the exploitation of power conserving transformations

Abstract Use is made of the guaranteed energy conservation property of any bond graph model (presuming that conistent energy variables are used). Thus power transformations are power conserving, and this property is exploited with respect to multiport transformers where many effort and flow variables may be involved. In these cases the relationship among the effort (flow) variables across the transformer may be easier to derive than the relationship among the flows (efforts). The power conserving nature of the transformer permits immediate derivation of the alternate variable relationship. This formulation procedure is applied to the reflex reaction of the arm.
Adult Equivalent Scales Once More—A Developmental Approach

Descriptions of adult equivalent scale models typically do not explain why or provide the explicit rationale underlying their selected age classes and life cycle components. A model is presented where the life cycle is comprised of a sequence of developmental and transitional phases. A comparison of adult scale parameter estimates for total food expenditure from this model is made with estimates from the Blokland and Buse-Salathe models. The findings suggest that the Blokland model is too restrictive to portray consumer behavior over the life cycle. Empirical results based on the proposed model are similar to those based on the Buse-Salathe model.
Getting Out of a Spot: Deployed Technologies and Revamped Codes for a Thriving Twenty-First-Century City

With the rise of the automobile and the easy access to suburbia, there was a shift in American cities from accommodating and welcoming density to accommodating cars. With cities hollowed out, but able to accept thousands of parkers, a vibrant, multifaceted world of handsome buildings, varied activities, and casual encounters was lost. Innovative thinking regarding technology took a backseat to mimicking the ascendant suburban landscape. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, automotive access remains codified in finance, codes, and traditional thinking, hampering our now revitalizing urban environments. Practitioners, policy makers, and architects can once again create cities at once unique, welcoming, and at the forefront of innovative thinking. New technologies, smart phone applications, and entrepreneurial initiative are changing urban life. By systematizing these disparate innovations, the necessary elements for vibrant streetscapes and better urban form can be created.
Pharmacokinetics of Ampicillin Trihydrate, Sodium Ampicillin, and Sodium Dicloxacillin following Intramuscular Injection

Serum levels of penicillin activity were determined following intramuscular administration to humans of sodium ampicillin solution, three ampicillin trihydrate suspensions, and sodium dicloxacillin solution. The rates of absorption of the drugs from the intramuscular injection sites were calculated using the method of Wagner and Nelson, with and without intravenously determined elimination constants, and the method of Loo and Riegelman. The ampicillin suspension and dicloxacillin solution data exemplified the interesting pharmacokinetic case in which the absorption process is slower than the elimination process. In this situation, the descending portion of the serum curve reflects the absorption process rather than the elimination process. Calculations confirmed that intravenous data were required to differentiate these processes under these conditions. Ampicillin solution data followed the usual pattern where the descending portion of the serum curve reflects the elimination process. Serum level curves were displayed by an analog computer programmed with a two-compartment open model, and the rate constants were calculated by the Loo-Riegelman method. The computer-generated lines agreed with the experimental data except for the early times following the ampicillin trihydrate suspensions. When the computer was programmed with a kinetic model that depicted absorption as two successive first-order steps, however, the computer lines agreed with the experimental data at all times.
Weight Management for Veterans: Examining Change in Weight Before and After MOVE!

In the year 2000, 31% of women and 40% of men receiving outpatient care at Veteran Affairs (VA) medical facilities were overweight (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m(2)); 37.4% of women and 32.9% of men were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). The purpose of the present study was to assess treatment effects of MOVE! Weight Management Program for Veterans by comparing the trajectory of change in weight postintervention (3, 6, and 12 months postenrollment) to a preintervention period (1, 3, and 5 years before enrollment). The sample consisted of 862 veterans participating in MOVE! at the Miami VA. All veterans participated in a 2-h Self-Management Support (SMS) session, which involved completion of a self-assessment questionnaire and a nutrition education group session. After completing SMS, veterans had the option of continuing with Supportive Group Sessions (SGS), which included 10-weekly group sessions led by a multidisciplinary team. Veterans served as their own controls in the analyses. Veterans gained 2 kg/year before enrolling in MOVE!. There were similar increases in weight across sex, racial/ethnic groups, and treatment condition. Weight for participants in SMS stabilized after enrollment whereas participants in SGS had an average weight loss of 1.6 kg/year. The preintervention slope for weight was significantly different from the postintervention slope, suggesting treatment effect. Findings from this study support the need for a lifestyle modification program such as MOVE! in primary care settings to assist overweight and obese patients in managing their weight.
Hormone Dependency in iV-Nitrosomethylurea-Induced Rat Mammary Tumors*

The majority (87%) of N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumors regressed within 1 week after hypophysectomy (hypox). After a hypox-induced tumor regression, ovine PRL (oPRL), and 17β-estradiol (E2) were administered separately or in combination in order to define the individual role of these hormones in regulating tumor growth and influencing estrogen (E), progesterone (Pg), and PRL receptor (R) levels. Administration of E2 (2.5 μg twice daily) or oPRL (20 IU daily, started 5 days after hypox and continued for 10 days, resulted in stabilization of tumor growth. Simultaneous administration of E2 and oPRL resulted in a synergistic effect and reactivation of tumor growth. ER levels in mammary tumors were significantly lower than those in the control 15 days after hypox (P < 0.01). Treatment with E2 oPRL, or both simultaneously had no significant effect on ER levels. A significant decline in PgR levels was noted at both 5 and 15 days after hypox. Whereas treatment with oPRL had no significant effect on ...
Scaling the size of a multiagent formation via distributed feedback

We consider a multiagent coordination problem where the objective is to steer a group of agents into a formation that translates along a predefined trajectory velocity. Unlike previous control strategies that require a static desired formation or set of desired formations, we introduce a strategy in which one agent assigns a scale for the formation and the remaining agents adjust to the new scale. Thus, the formation can dynamically adapt to changes in the environment and in group objectives or respond to perceived threats. We introduce two strategies: one that requires agents to communicate estimates of the desired formation scale along edges of a communication network and one that only requires relative position sensing among agents. We show that the former strategy guarantees stability for any desired connected formation. For the latter strategy, we present a geometric constraint which can be used with the small gain theorem.
STRESS RELAXATION OF DEFORMED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

The force relaxation curves of deformed specimens of apples, pears and potatoes were studied in compression tests. It was found that ln all three commodities two relaxation curves could cross one another even if one of them started at conditions in which both the deformation and the initial force had higher values. It was also noticed that for deformations bigger than about 5% the residual force was dependent on the rate at which the deformation had been reached. The values of the residual forces of samples deformed at a rate of 10 cm/min were smaller than the values of those samples which were deformed at 1 cm/min. These characteristics of the relaxation phenomenon could be explained by physical irreversible changes which occur during the deformation of the biological material. They could also be represented by a modified rheological model in which the number of active elements and their mode of mechanical response is a function of the deformation and its application rate.
Contrasting effects of identical nutrients given parenterally or enterally after 70% hepatectomy: Bacterial translocation

High mortality occurs in rats with 70% hepatectomy fed intravenous (IV) total parenteral nutrition (TPN; 13.9% glucose, 4.17% amino acids, 1.46% fat, electrolytes, trace minerals, and vitamins providing 216 kcal.kg-1.d-1) but not when the identical nutrients are given at the same rate enterally (gastrostomy). We hypothesized that a difference in bacterial translocation (BT) was a contributing factor to this phenomenon. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-360 g) were divided into five groups and underwent the following: control (no operation), sham (intraperitoneal [IP] pentobarbital anesthesia, central venous and gastrostomy catheters, laparotomy, sham hepatectomy), standard oral feeding (SOF), TPN (IV nutrients), and total enteral nutrition (TEN; gastrostomy). The SOF, TPN, and TEN groups had IP pentobarbital anesthesia, central venous and gastrostomy catheters, and 70% hepatectomy. Postoperatively, control and SOF (both catheters plugged) rats ate a commercial rat chow and drank tap water ad libitum pre- and postoperatively. The sham, TPN, and TEN groups were given the identical infusate composition as above, but the nutrient concentrations were cut in half (110 kcal/kg) and three-quarters (165 kcal/kg) on postoperative days 1 and 2, respectively. At the end of postoperative day 2, all rats were euthanized. BT to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), liver, spleen, and lungs was significantly higher in the TPN rats compared with all other groups, except that BT to the MLNs was similar in the TPN and TEN groups. Bacteremia was found only in the TPN rats. BT in TPN rats with 70% hepatectomy was significantly greater 48 h after operation than in those fed the identical nutrients enterally at the same rate; this correlates with the previously reported significantly greater mortality in rats with 70% hepatectomy receiving TPN.
Mummification and folie à deux

Mummification is the preservation of the effects and/or corpse of a loved one. Psychiatric literature regarding this condition is reviewed and a case is presented in which a mother's paranoid psychosis is discovered following her apparent mummification of her son's corpse. In retrospect, it appears that a diagnosis of folie a deux pertained to this pair. The authors contend that mummification may represent the outcome of a shared delusional system and that failure to establish psychiatric diagnoses in those who practice mummification has been the result of inherent difficulties in diagnosing paranoid disorders.
De Haas - Van Alphen effect from both s- and d-bands in platinum☆

A De Haas-Van Alphen study of Pt shows that the whole of the Fermi surface is very similar to that for Pd. The s-band contains 0.40 electrons/atom. The galvanomagnetic data are interpreted in terms of a second d-band surface open along [100], and we have observed the associated neck area of 7.36 × 10−2 a.u.