cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallel strong orientation of an undirected graph

Le probleme de graphes que nous considerons est le suivant: etant donne un graphe connecte, non oriente de moindre pont, on attribue des directions a ses bords de sorte que le digraphe resultant soit fort. Notre but est de concevoir une solution parallele en O(log 2 n) au probleme et de trouver un arbre de 1ere profondeur en temps parallele O(log 2 n) qui paraisse extremement fort
Junctin and calsequestrin overexpression in cardiac muscle: the role of junctin and the synthetic and delivery pathways for the two proteins

Abstract Ca 2+ storage and release in muscle cells are controlled by a complex of junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR) proteins, that includes the calcium-binding protein calsequestrin (CSQ), the Ca 2+ -release channel (ryanodine receptor or RyR) and two transmembrane proteins that bind to RyR: junctin (JNC) and triadin (Tr). The relationship between CSQ and JNC, and their contributions to the architecture of the jSR vesicle was studied in transgenic mice with combined overexpression of CSQ and JNC. We find that CSQ, on its own, has a diffuse disposition in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) lumen. Overexpression of JNC results in a tighter packing of CSQ in proximity of the SR membrane, presumably due to the binding of CSQ to the membrane by JNC. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of structural changes in the overexpressing as well as in the normally differentiating myocardium illustrate the synthetic pathways and the events in the targeting and delivery of CSQ and JNC to the jSR of the differentiating cardiac myocyte. CSQ is delivered from the Golgi to the SR, where it buds out into precursors of the jSR vesicles. JNC reaches the jSR vesicles directly, but its arrival is delayed relative to CSQ.
Volatility increases subsequent to stock splits: An empirical aberration

Abstract This paper analyzes the empirical behavior of stock-return volatilities prior to and subsequent to the ex-dates of stock splits. The evidence demonstrates rather unambiguously that there is, on the average, an approximately 30% ‘arbitrary’ increase in the return standard deviations following the ex-date. The increase holds for both daily and weekly data, and it is not temporary. No explanatory confounding variables, such as institutional frictions affecting price observations, have been identified. We view the findings as being essentially inconsistent with the notion of ‘rational pricing’.
Analysis of Nonlinear Deformations of a Triangular Frame

Nonlinear deformations of a loaded triangular pinned-pinned frame are studied. The analysis is greatly simplified by utilizing an analytic solution for the pinned-pinned bar. Results show three distinct types of equilibrium configurations, some of which are unstable to constant load. Imperfection sensitivity, hysteresis, and snap-through phenomena are shown to exist.
Inflammatory Markers, Amino-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Mortality Risk in Dyspneic Patients

Dyspnea is a common emergency department (ED) complaint, and it may be associated with significant mortality risk. We studied 599 dyspneic subjects enrolled in an ED. At 1 year, the role of inflammatory markers (including C-reactive protein [CRP]) and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as independent predictors of mortality was assessed. By 1 year, 91 subjects (15.2%) had died. Among patients who died, the median CRP concentration at admission was significantly higher than in survivors: 47.2 mg/L (449.5 nmol/L; interquartile range [IQR], 10.2-101.9 mg/L [97.1-970.5 nmol/L]) vs 7.25 mg/L (69.5 nmol/L; IQR, 2.2-29.6 mg/L [21.0-281.9 nmol/L]; P < .001). For 1-year mortality, CRP had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.80; P < .001). In multivariable analysis, a CRP concentration greater than 14 mg/L was a strong predictor of mortality at 1 year (hazard ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.51-4.02; P < .001). In multivariable models, CRP and NT-proBNP demonstrated independent and additive prognostic value. Among dyspneic patients, CRP levels are significantly associated with mortality at 1 year and show additive value to natriuretic peptide testing for prognosis.
Requirement for the induced expression of a cell wall associated receptor kinase for survival during the pathogen response

Pathogen infection of angiosperms must rely on some interaction between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the invading agent, and may be accompanied by signaling between the ECM and cytoplasm. An Arabidopsis cell wall associated receptor kinase (Wak1) has an amino-terminal domain that is tightly associated with the ECM, spans the plasma membrane and has a cytoplasmic protein kinase domain. Wak1 expression is induced when Arabidopsis plants are infected with pathogen, or when the pathogen response is stimulated either by exogenous salicylate (SA) or its analog 2,2-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). This Wak1 induction requires the positive regulator NPR1/NIM1. Thus Wak1 is a pathogen-related (PR) protein. Expression of an antisense and a dominant negative allele of Wak1 shows that induced expression of Wak1 is needed for a plant to survive if stimulated by INA. Ectopic expression of the entire Wak1, or the kinase domain alone, can provide resistance to otherwise lethal SA levels. These experiments suggest that Wak1 expression and other PR proteins are protecting plants from detrimental effects incurred during the pathogen response. These results provide a direct link between a protein kinase that could mediate signals from the ECM, to the events that are precipitated by a pathogen infection.
Occurrence and potential adverse effects of semivolatile organic compounds in streambed sediment, United States, 1992-1995.

The occurrence and potential adverse effects of select semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in streambed sediment were assessed at 536 sites in 20 major river basins across the United States from 1992 to 1995. Fifty-six SVOCs were detected at one or more sites, and one or more SVOCs were detected at 71% of sites. The northeastern and Great Lakes regions and large metropolitan areas have the highest SVOC concentrations. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected most frequently and at the highest concentrations. Concentrations of PAHs and phthalates were about 10 times higher at sites influenced by urban activities than at sites in other land-use areas. Semivolatile organic compounds were significantly (α = 0.05) correlated with land use and population density, and PAHs also correlated with physical/chemical properties. On the basis of sediment-quality guidelines, adverse effects are probable at 7.5% and possible at 16.2% of the sites. Most of the potential for adverse effects is due to PAHs. The median percentage of urban land use was 8% at sites with possible adverse effects and 16% at sites with probable adverse effects. Urbanization profoundly affects sediment quality, even though it comprised a small percentage of most drainage basins.
A temperature noise model for extrinsic FETs

A resistor temperature noise model for FETs has been successfully applied to extrinsic FETs to predict the frequency dependence of minimum noise figure F/sub min/ and associated gain G/sub Aopt/. The model gives a fixed relationship between F/sub min/ and G/sub Aopt/ with one fitting parameter T/sub d/. An extensive comparison to published results shows that the majority of FETs can be modeled with effective T/sub d/ values (the temperature of the output resistor) between 300 and 700 K for all of the frequencies (8 to 94 GHz), gate lengths (0.8 to 0.1 mu m), and material types examined. The analysis shows that InP-based MODFETs exhibit significantly lower F/sub min/ and higher G/sub Aopt/ than conventional and pseudomorphic GaAs-based MODFETs of the same gate length. The results suggest a high F/sub max/ is a key factor for low noise figure. >
Recurrent Vulvar Aphthous Ulcers: A Novel Presentation of Pfapa in a Perimenarcheal Girl?

Background: M€ ullerian anomalies (MA) encompass a spectrum of disorders, some of which are associated with obstructed outflow tract concerns and others which may not present until adulthood during the course of obstetric delivery or infertility evaluation. Uterine didelphys (UD) accounts for 5-11% of all characterized MA as classified by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the triad of UD with obstructed hemivagina (OH) and ipsilateral renal agenesis (IRA) is a rare but recognized entity. The treatment for OH involves resection of the septum separating the hemivagina (HV) from the normally developed outflow tract, which can be challenging in high vaginal septal (VS) anomalies. We describe a technique which allows for better traction of a high or proximally located OH. Case: A 13 year old non-sexually active female presented with severe abdominal pain. Brief review of her history revealed she was recently menarchal, but reported progressively worsening dysmenorrhea. An ultrasound revealed a 7 cm fluid collection within the left hemipelvis and findings suspicious for a UD with OH due to left-sided hematometra (HM) and hematocolpos (HC). MRI confirmed UD with left-sided OH and IRA. The HC was measured 7 cm above the perineum with oblique lie, making septal thickness determination difficult. The patient was taken to the operating room for resection of the VS. With the left HV bulge exposed, a tenaculum was placed on the visualized right cervix for traction. Four traction sutures were placed in the area of the bulging HV. The HV was then entered with an 18-Guage spinal needle to drain the HC and HM. A scalpel was guided carefully down the needle base to open the space further for exposure. Once the HC was drained, the VS was palpated, revealing a thickness of 2-3 cm. It was located deep in the vagina, making resection challenging. In order to better expose and safely resect the VS, a 30cc foley balloon catheter was guided into the HV space and inflated. With gentle traction, the left HV septumwas mobilized distally and septal tissue resected safely. Foley bulb was left in place and the patient was discharged home on oral antibiotics. Postoperative ultrasound showed decompression of blood content within left uterus and vagina. Patient was taken to the operating room 10 days after first procedure for exam under anesthesia and removal of vaginal drain. This was accomplished without any complications and exam revealed area of dissection patent and left cervix palpated without evidence of vaginal stenosis. Comments: High and thick VS are at high risk for stenosis if too little septal tissue is removed. The surgical correction for these anomalies can be challenging. Full excision/marsupialization of the VS is the preferred approach. This is the first report utilizing a 30cc foley balloon catheter to better mobilize a thick proximally located VS to correct an OH.
Effective treatment of experimental human endometrial cancers with targeted cytotoxic luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone analogues AN-152 and AN-207

Objective To treat experimental human endometrial cancers based on targeted chemotherapy with the cytotoxic luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues AN-152 and AN-207. Design Experimental study using athymic nude mice bearing xenografts of HEC-1A and RL-95-2 human endometrial cancers to assess the efficacy and toxicity of AN-152 and AN-207. The expression of LHRH receptors in HEC-1A and RL-95-2 cancers was determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and radioligand binding assays. Setting Experimental laboratory research. Animal(s) Female athymic nude mice (Ncr, nu/nu). Intervention(s) Animals were treated with IV injections of the cytotoxic LHRH analogues AN-152 and AN-207 and their respective cytotoxic radicals doxorubicin (DOX) and AN-201 (2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin) on a control vehicle solution. Main Outcome Measure(s) Tumor volume, final tumor weight, tumor doubling time, body weight, white blood cell count, and LHRH receptor expression. Result(s) AN-152 significantly inhibited the growth of HEC-1A tumors. AN-207 also significantly suppressed the proliferation in vivo of HEC-1A and RL-95-2 cancers. The cytotoxic radicals DOX and AN-201 had no effect. Furthermore, mRNA for LHRH receptors, LHRH receptor protein, and high-affinity binding sites for LHRH were demonstrated on tumors. Conclusion(s) Targeted chemotherapy with AN-152 and AN-207 strongly inhibits the growth of human endometrial cancers, which express LHRH receptors, and could provide a new treatment modality for women with advanced endometrial carcinoma.
Preferences for sadness when eliciting help: Instrumental motives in sadness regulation

This investigation tested whether people are more willing to experience and express sadness, the more useful they expect sadness to be. Building on assumptions about the function of sadness, we predicted that people would expect sadness to be more useful when eliciting help to prevent a loss (vs. not). In Study 1, we examined preferences for sadness and its expected usefulness when eliciting donations for the sake of preventing a loss (vs. not). In Study 2, participants expected to elicit help to prevent a loss (vs. attain a benefit). In both studies, participants expected sadness to be more useful and were more willing to experience and express sadness when eliciting help to prevent a loss (vs. other reasons). Furthermore, the more useful participants expected experiencing and expressing sadness to be, the more willing they were to experience and to express sadness, respectively. We discuss the implications for research on emotion regulation.
A generalized Karhunen-Loeve basis for efficient estimation of tropospheric refractivity using radar clutter

In this paper, we consider the problem of obtaining a reduced-dimension parameterization of a propagation medium for the purpose of estimating the medium from transmission data. The application addressed is microwave remote sensing of tropospheric index-of-refraction profiles over the sea surface, using radar clutter returns. The proposed parameterization balances the desire to represent features prominent in the a priori statistics of the profiles versus the need to capture elements of the profile that significantly affect the observed clutter data. In linear estimation problems, basis vectors for the unknown parameter vector that optimizes this tradeoff have been derived as the reduced-rank Wiener filter or, equivalently, the generalized Karhunen-Loeve transform (GKLT). In this paper, we reinterpret the linear result, producing an extension to the nonlinear refractivity estimation problem. The resulting procedure produces basis vectors for tropospheric refractivity that are less dependent on features that have little effect on the clutter measurements. This results in a more efficient parameterization and reduces mean-square estimation error relative to an approach driven purely by the statistical prior. Application of the generalized KL technique to finding efficient basis vectors for refractivity profiles taken off the southern California coast is presented.
My Story, My Life, My Identity:

In this article, the author looks at the use of the methods of life stories or biographical interviewing in research on personal and social identity. She presents the rationale behind the use of the method and its basic procedures and then moves on to a discussion of the concept of identity. To demonstrate the relevance of this method for the study of identity construction, she presents examples from three life story interviews with Jewish Israeli young adults, all born in the mid 1970s. The article ends with a discussion of the implications of using life stories for understanding an individual’s sense of identity.
Development of a closed-form 3-D RBS beam finite element and associated case studies

Abstract The 1994 Northridge and the 1995 Kobe earthquakes demonstrated that steel moment resisting frames (SMRF) which were traditionally considered to provide an ideal structural system in resisting lateral earthquake loads could indeed suffer brittle fractures at the beam–column connections. To remedy this, competing connection design improvements have been adopted, among which is the radius-cut Reduced Beam Section (RBS) moment connection. As the design of a vast majority of these SMRF buildings is drift-controlled, the reduction in lateral stiffness and hence the increase in drifts in general 3-dimensional SMRF buildings with RBS moment connections–particularly those with torsional irregularity–is investigated here through development and verification of a new closed-form 3-D RBS finite element based on Timoshenko’s shear deformation theory for beams. The study shows that the increase in story drifts in 3-dimensional torsionally irregular SMRF buildings with RBS moment connections could be as high as 15% under the action of lateral and gravity loads. This is in contrast to the current recommendation of increasing elastic story drifts by a maximum of 9%–10% for SMRF buildings to account for stiffness reduction in the presence of RBS connections. The study also shows that the decrease in weak axis joint rotational and shear stiffness coefficients of beams with RBS connections on both sides–and unsupported laterally–could be as high as 67% for flange area reductions of only 30%.
Instability in a class of explicit two‐time‐level semi‐Lagrangian schemes

Recently Gospodinov and collaborators derived a family of second-order two-time-level semi-Lagrangian schemes that contain an undetermined parameter α. It is shown that, when using one of these schemes to approximate the forcing terms in partial differential equations in a semi-Lagrangian coordinate frame, the choice of α has a critical influence on the absolute stability of the method. Optimal stability properties are obtained by choosing α = ¼ which corresponds to the SETTLS scheme proposed by Hortal. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society
Hydromechanics of swimming propulsion. Part 3. Swimming and optimum movements of slender fish with side fins

This paper seeks to evaluate the swimming flow around a typical slender fish whose transverse cross-section to the rear of its maximum span section is of a lenticular shape with pointed edges, such as those of spiny fins, so that these side edges are sharp trailing edges, from which an oscillating vortex sheet is shed to trail the body in swimming. The additional feature of shedding of vortex sheet makes this problem a moderate generalization of the paper on the swimming of slender fish treated by Lighthill (1960a). It is found here that the thrust depends not only on the virtual mass of the tail-end section, but also on an integral effect of variations of the virtual mass along the entire body segment containing the trailing side edges, and that this latter effect can greatly enhance the thrust-making. The optimum shape problem considered here is to determine the transverse oscillatory movements a slender fish can make which will produce a prescribed thrust, so as to overcome the frictional drag, at the expense of the minimum work done in maintaining the motion. The solution is for the fish to send a wave down its body at a phase velocity c somewhat greater than the desired swimming speed U, with an amplitude nearly uniform from the maximum span section to the tail. Both the ratio U/c and the optimum efficiency are found to depend upon two parameters: the reduced wave frequency and a 'proportional-loading parameter', the latter being proportional to the thrust coefficient and to the inverse square of the wave amplitude. The basic mechanism of swimming is examined in the light of the principle of action and reaction by studying the vortex wake generated by the optimum movement.
INS reset removal for enhanced post-flight performance analysis

High-performance integrated inertial navigation systems (INSs) use a Kalman filter to compute the optimal navigation solution from the data provided by an INS and various navigation aids such as GPS (Global Positioning System) and Doppler. The error estimates of the Kalman filter are used to reset the INS when the navigation system operates in feedback mode. A reset removal procedure (RRP) has been developed for recovering, during post-flight processing, a high-fidelity approximation to the unaided pure inertial navigation solution that would have been produced by the INS had it not been operated in feedback mode. The procedure is of great value in carrying out a performance evaluation of an integrated INS because it effectively broadens the scope and extent of actual physical flight trials. The RRP is described and discussed, and simulation results are presented to illustrate its behavior. >
Discriminatory Referrals: Uncovering a Potential Ethical Dilemma Facing Practitioners

An ethical dilemma exists regarding client referral. Standards 2.01(b) (Boundaries of Competence) and 3.01 (Unfair Discrimination) of the American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles of Psychologists Code of Conduct provide psychologists with contradictory reasons to take possibly conflicting and incompatible courses of action when considering whether to refer a client. The professional literature that has explored the benefits of referring clients when the psychologist does not believe that he or she is able to work with the client's presenting concern, however, has failed to examine the times in which referring may not be appropriate and, more specifically, may be an act of discrimination. This article seeks to initiate the discussion around this issue.
Di-rectifying Tau

In this issue of The EMBO Journal , Li et al (2011) show that the axon initial segment (AIS) functions as a retrograde trafficking barrier, or axonal rectifier, to exclude axonal Tau from re‐entry into the somatodendritic compartment. They elucidate the molecular basis of this rectification by showing that hyperphosphorylation of Tau permits it to detach from microtubules (MTs) and bypass the retrograde barrier. Neurons are highly polarized cells with distinct axo‐dendritic polarity that is central to proper nervous system function. Polarity is reflected by the restricted localization of membrane and cytosolic proteins to dendritic or axonal compartments. For example, Map2 and Tau are MT‐associated proteins (MAPs) that in mature neurons sort to somatodendritic or axonal compartments, respectively. What determines the selective localization and retention of these proteins within the axon, or within the dendrite? During early development, sorting of proteins to distinct domains can occur through multiple mechanisms. For example, direct and selective mobilization of cargoes by motor proteins such as kinesins or dyneins along MTs can restrict proteins to unique compartments (Hirokawa and Takemura, 2005). Proteins can also be stabilized, anchored, or tethered within specific compartments, or polarity may result from the assembly of molecular fences or physical barriers. In neurons, the AIS is an excellent example of a barrier that limits mixing of somatodendritic and axonal proteins, organelles, and even lipids (Rasband, 2010). The AIS is located at …
Effective double whammy targets DNA synthesis in leukemia.

![Figure][1] Insight from Bruce Chabner Inhibition of DNA synthesis is a keystone of cancer therapy. The purine and pyrimidine precursors of DNA are obtained either by the de novo pathway (DNP) or the nucleotide salvage pathway (NSP). The DNP generates nucleotides that are reduced to the
IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION OF SP-A mRNA IN ADULT HUMAN CONDUCTING AIRWAYS

In our study, surfactant protein (SP)-A was characterized in adult human trachea and bronchi. SP-A mRNA and protein were localized to serous cells in submucosal glands by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A 2.2 kb SP-A mRNA transcript was detected in tracheal tissues by Northern blot analysis. Primer extension analysis and gene-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the predominance of SP-A2 mRNA. However, using nested PCR, we also detected low amounts of SP-A1 mRNA in the tracheal tissues. A ∼35 kDa SP-A immunoreactive protein was detected in the tracheal tissues by immunoblot analysis and was shown to be modified by the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides. We conclude that submucosal glands in the conducting airways produce a novel SP-A protein with a molecular weight and post-translational modification similar to the SP-A produced in the distal lung. We speculate that this SP-A2 protein, like other serous secretions from airway submucosa...
Involved site radiation therapy for the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults

Radiation therapy technology has permitted the development of new treatment planning techniques. Involved field, involved node, and involved site radiotherapy fields are discussed and compared. Indications for and implications of combined modality therapy are examined, particularly as pertinent to the adolescent and young adult population.
Catecholaminergic modulation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by median eminence terminals in vitro.

Release of radioimmunoassayable LHRH from hypothalamic fragments of adult male rats was measured using an in vitro incubation system. Each flask, containing three tissue fragments in 0.5 ml Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose buffer, was incubated for 15 min, followed by a 30-min incubation during which either basal release or the effect of catecholamines on LHRH output was evaluated. In some cases, tissues employed consisted of a fragment of medial basal hypothalamus which included the median eminence (ME), the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei, and surrounding structures (MBH-ME unit). In other experiments, the ME was separated from the rest of the MBH by a rnicrodissection procedure and both fragments were incubated in separate flasks. Basal LHRH release from the different fragments was readily detectable, during both the preincubation and incubation periods. LHRH release from the ME, was 10 to 15-fold higher than that from the MBH or the MBH-ME unit. This increased release from the ME was not due to a diff...
Signal processing techniques for Diacoustic(R) analysis of mechanical systems

It has long been understood that mechanical failures, both extant and incipient, can often be detected by the human ear. A good mechanic can spot many kinds of trouble just by listening and will have a stethoscope in his or her tool box. Diacoustic(R) analysis is a method of achieving the same result, more reliably, using advanced signal processing algorithms. An overall diagnostic system consists of both hardware and software. Depending on the application, the Diacoustic(R) functions will be integrated with other sensors and software for their analysis. For example, temperatures and pressures are frequently indicative of machine health. Modern vehicles use gas sensors (such as the oxygen sensor in an automobile) to ascertain combustion efficiency. All other such indicia must be included with Diacoustic(R) techniques to comprise complete failure detection and warning system. In this paper the author addresses the Diacoustic(R) functions only.
Too much of a good thing: mechanisms of gene action in Down syndrome

The molecular mechanisms underlying the specific traits in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have been postulated to derive either from nonspecific perturbation of balanced genetic programs, or from the simple, mendelian-like influence of a small subset of genes on chromosome 21. However, these models do not provide a comprehensive explanation for experimental or clinical observations of the effects of trisomy 21. DS is best viewed as a complex genetic disorder, where the specific phenotypic manifestations in a given individual are products of genetic, environmental and stochastic influences. Mouse models that recapitulate both the genetic basis for and the phenotypic consequences of trisomy provide an experimental system to define these contributions.
THE PLATE TECTONIC APPROXIMATION: Plate Nonrigidity, Diffuse Plate Boundaries, and Global Plate Reconstructions

The central assumption of plate tectonics, that plate interiors are rigid, remains a useful but uncertain approximation. Strain rates of stable plate interiors are bounded between 10 i12 ‐10 i11 year i1 and»4£ 10 i10 year i1 . The narrowness of all plate boundaries, the other main assumption of plate tectonics as originally conceived, is contradicted by many observations, both in the continents and in the oceans. Some diffuse plate boundaries in both continents and oceans exceed dimensions of 1000 km on a side. Diffuse plate boundaries cover»15% of Earth’s surface. The maximum speed of relative plate motion across any one diffuse plate boundary ranges from» 2t o»15 mm/year, which is faster than some upper bounds on intraplate motion across stable plate interiors (• 2m m year i1 ). Strain rates in diffuse plate boundaries can be as high as»10 i8 year i1 , »25 times higher than the upper bound on strain rates of stable plate interiors, but»600 times lower than the lowest strain rates across typical narrow plate boundaries. The poles of rotation of the plates flanking a diffuse oceanic plate boundary tend to be located in the diffuse boundary, which is a consequence of the strong coupling across the boundary.
Advancing "Media Arts" Education in "Visual Arts" Classrooms: Addressing Policy Ambiguities and Gaps in Art Teacher Preparation.

Since the mid-1980s, arts policymakers in Minnesota have positioned media arts—defined as the “study and practice of examining human communication through photography, film or video, audio, computer or digital arts, and interactive media“—within the realm of aesthetic education and considered it one of six arts areas. This article explores the historic policy decisions that led to the nation’s first academic standards in media arts education. We argue that implementation of these benchmarks in state public schools has been hampered by inservice and preservice art teachers’ lack of familiarity with the theory and practice of media arts education. To that end, we propose initiatives that 1) develop an “add-on” certificate program in media arts for licensed arts teachers; and 2) require media arts coursework for preservice teachers seeking admission to art education licensure programs.
Microfinance, Rural Finance, and Development: Multiple Products for Multiple Challenges: Discussion

I will start first with the paper in this issue by Miranda and Gonzalez-Vega (MG-V;“Systemic Risk, Index Insurance, and Optimal Management of Agricultural Loan Portfolios in Developing Countries”) because of its significanceinmovingforwardonapolicyagenda for risk-contingent credit in developing countries. MG-V conclude with the hope that their paper will stimulate a substantial debate regarding the proper use of index insurance to promote the welfare of poor farmers in the developing world, and this is probably a good place to start. The essential issue in MG-V is the introduction of index insurance to the repayment risk of agricultural loans in a developing country context. The idea of risk-contingent credit— that is, the tying of some underlying risk from markets,production,orweather—totherepayment of debt has had limited attention in the literature more generally (see Jin and Turvey 2002; Turvey 2006, 2008), and far less in the context of developing economies (Shee and Turvey 2007). In a farm survey conducted in October 2009 in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in China, we asked farmers if they would be interested in such a loan product; 16.5% indicated they would be very interested, 40.7% were moderately interested,while 42.8% were not at all interested (including a large number that simply did not borrow). Thus the problem discussed in MG-V is very much on my mind, although our approaches differ somewhat.TheMG-Vpaperusesanoptimalcontrol model to determine whether it is best to issue
In vitro effects of relaxin on gene expression in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes and developing embryos

Background Relaxin hormone peptide is found in porcine follicular and utero-tubal fluids, but its possible actions during early embryo development are still undetermined. Here, we investigated the effects of porcine relaxin during oocyte maturation and embryo development, and gene expression in the pig.
Young Women in Computing: Creating a successful and sustainable pipeline

Young Women in Computing (YWiC) is an outreach initiative housed in the Department of Computer Science at New Mexico State University (NMSU). The program is designed to increase the number of women introduced to computer science; promote the role and presence of women in the field of computing; improve the retention of female students in computing programs; establish a permanent infrastructure (i.e., pipeline) to promote the participation of women, especially of Hispanic heritage, in computing activities; and, serve as a model of effective computer science outreach practices to reach young women. Since 2006, YWiC programming has reached over 10,200 students. By enhancing interest in computing among student populations, YWiC has successfully created a pipeline into Computer Science and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM-C) undergraduate programs, particularly at NMSU; among the 366 non-repeated summer campers, 99% of the 98 high school graduates attended college in the fall term immediately following their graduation, with 61% declaring a major in a STEM-C field. This paper will present quality practices and lessons that YWiC has learned in order to become a successful and sustainable outreach program in southern New Mexico.
The Protestant legacy: missions and literacy in India

As an important expression of culture, religion represents a possible fundamental source of economic and social outcomes. This paper investigates how the historical development of Protestantism may contribute to explain current literacy disparities in India. In order to enable everyone to read the Bible by themselves, Protestants have always stressed the importance of promoting universal literacy. Combining information about the spatial distribution of Protestant missions in India at the end of the nineteenth century with contemporary district-level data, this paper documents a strong long-term relationship between the historical exposure to Protestant missions and current literacy. This pattern does not depend on either local geographic characteristics or the level of historical development of the districts. By exploiting only the variation within groups of geographically contiguous districts and using historical Catholic missions as control group, I verify that this relationship is not driven by unobserved characteristics that may affect both current literacy outcomes as well as the missionaries’ location decisions.
Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Carcinogenesis

Gastrointestinal malignancies represent a significant disease burden worldwide, with over 3.8 million cases per year. Given this impact, much research into the underlying pathogenesis of neoplastic transformation has occurred. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of these processes.
Nonverbal Decoding Skills and Relationship Well-Being in Adults

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between nonverbal decoding skills and relationship well-being. Sixty college students were administered tests of their abilities to identify the affective meanings in facial expressions and tones of voice. The students also completed self-report measures of relationship well-being and depression. Correlational analyses indicated that errors in decoding facial expressions and tones of voice were associated with less relationship well-being and greater depression. Hierarchical regression revealed that nonverbal decoding accuracy was significantly related to relationship well-being even after controlling for depression.
Facilitating ecological weed management decisions by assessing risk-benefit tradeoffs

We used the mental models research method to generate a conceptual map of how Midwest farmers use knowledge, experience, and individual perceptions of weed-related risk to make weed management decisions. We discovered that Midwest farmer knowledge of ecological weed management practices is robust, and that the difficult tradeoffs farmers make regarding cultivation, cover crops, and soil health determine what weed management practices they use. Midwest farmers balance the risks of cultivation and implementation of cover crops with their valuable benefits to soil health and weed suppression. Developing a decision support tool that provides a baseline of scientific evidence and that offers flexibility based on farmers’ experiences and values will clarify these tradeoffs and guide effective decision making.
In situ particle size reduction as affected by forage species and grinding mesh size.

Two ruminally cannulated heifers were used to evaluate effects of three forage species (gamagrass, orchardgrass, and red clover) ground through two mesh sizes (2 and 5 mm) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement on particle size reduction in situ. Residues in polyester bags incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h were analyzed for mean particle size. Initially, gamagrass had a 10.2% greater (P .10) between grinding mesh size at the time at which particle size reduction was initiated (24 h), particle reduction occurred at a 136% faster (P < .05) rate for forages ground through a 5-mm screen than for forages ground through a 2-mm screen. A greater (P < .10) reduction (595 microns by 36 h) in mean particle size occurred in red clover than in gamagrass or orchardgrass (average 376 microns by 60 h) during ruminal incubation. In addition, 5-mm forages exhibited a greater (P < .10) reduction in mean particle size (527 microns) than did 2-mm forages (372 microns) after 60 h of incubation. Substantial particle size reduction occurred in situ due to microbial digestion. The faster particle size reduction found in red clover may contribute to the greater observed intake for legumes.
Autoimmune-like drug-induced liver injury: a review and update for the clinician.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Autoimmune-like drug-induced liver injury (DI-AIH) is a rare but serious event with a growing body of scientific evidence and a fair degree of uncertainty.Areas covered: This review covers the definition, pathophysiology, treatment and patient-centered outcomes of DI-AIH and presents up-to-date information on the most commonly implicated drugs.Expert opinion: A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for the diagnosis of DI-AIH. This diagnosis should be considered in any patient with either acute or chronic elevations in liver-associated enzymes. Prevalence rates exceed 15% based on large international registry data. Autoantibodies, while common, are neither specific nor diagnostic of DI-AIH. Histology may be helpful in describing subtle differences between DI-AIH and de novo idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (iAIH), but oftentimes the two are indistinguishable histologically. Alpha-methyldopa, fibrates, hydralazine, minocycline, nitrofurantoin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (stat...
Measuring Consumer Response to Price Using Logit Models: Implications of Ignoring Category Purchase Aspect

Logit choice models are popular among marketing researchers. These models are often used to estimate own- and cross-price elasticities as measures of price response behavior. Many of these models, ...
Transmission of MDR MRSA between primates, their environment and personnel at a United States primate centre.

Objectives MDR MRSA isolates cultured from primates, their facility and primate personnel from the Washington National Primate Research Center were characterized to determine whether they were epidemiologically related to each other and if they represented common local human-associated MRSA strains. Methods Human and primate nasal and composite environmental samples were collected, enriched and selected on medium supplemented with oxacillin and polymyxin B. Isolates were biochemically verified as Staphylococcus aureus and screened for the mecA gene. Selected isolates were characterized using SCCmec typing, MLST and WGS. Results Nasal cultures were performed on 596 primates and 105 (17.6%) were MRSA positive. Two of 79 (2.5%) personnel and two of 56 (3.6%) composite primate environmental facility samples were MRSA positive. Three MRSA isolates from primates, one MRSA from personnel, two environmental MRSA and one primate MSSA were ST188 and were the same strain type by conventional typing methods. ST188 isolates were related to a 2007 ST188 human isolate from Hong Kong. Both MRSA isolates from out-of-state primates had a novel MLST type, ST3268, and an unrelated group. All isolates carried ≥1 other antibiotic resistance gene(s), including tet(38), the only tet gene identified. Conclusions ST188 is very rare in North America and has almost exclusively been identified in people from Pan-Asia, while ST3268 is a newly reported MRSA type. The data suggest that the primate MDR MRSA was unlikely to come from primate centre employees. Captive primates are likely to be an unappreciated source of MRSA.
Conclusions: Constituent Evaluations: Linking Member Behavior and Electoral Accountability

Constituent evaluations provide a critical link between member behavior and electoral decisions. Constituents, who are in general aware of their members, make evaluations as to how representative activities measure up to their expectations in several spheres—policy, service, allocative and symbolic. Constituents reveal some capacity to make valid policy evaluations, however those evaluations are shaped mostly by partisan heuristics and the nature of a constituent’s exposure to media. Evaluations are affected by both member-based and national factors; member factors generally outweigh national ones. The importance of symbolic responsiveness is moderated by the fact that it may make citizens more susceptible to rhetorical cues which may not serve their interests. Citizens need to develop skills of critical thinking and information literacy to contribute to a deliberative representative process.
2009 Report of the ASHP Treasurer

![Figure][1] To ensure that the Society has the resources to continue serving the membership and the profession, changes had to be made. However, even with the changes, ASHP remains a strong and vibrant organization with a growing membership that we will continue to support and represent
Learned Region Sparsity and Diversity Also Predicts Visual Attention

Learned region sparsity has achieved state-of-the-art performance in classification tasks by exploiting and integrating a sparse set of local information into global decisions. The underlying mechanism resembles how people sample information from an image with their eye movements when making similar decisions. In this paper we incorporate the biologically plausible mechanism of Inhibition of Return into the learned region sparsity model, thereby imposing diversity on the selected regions. We investigate how these mechanisms of sparsity and diversity relate to visual attention by testing our model on three different types of visual search tasks. We report state-of-the-art results in predicting the locations of human gaze fixations, even though our model is trained only on image-level labels without object location annotations. Notably, the classification performance of the extended model remains the same as the original. This work suggests a new computational perspective on visual attention mechanisms and shows how the inclusion of attention-based mechanisms can improve computer vision techniques.
Investigation of thermal transport in composites and ion beam irradiated materials for nuclear energy applications

Thermal transport in materials used for energy applications is a physical process directly tied to performance and reliability. As a result, a great deal of effort has been devoted to understanding thermal transport in materials whose ability to conduct heat is critical. Here, our objective is to discuss the utility of laser-based thermoreflectance (TR) approaches that provide microscale measurement of thermal transport. We provide several examples that implement the TR technique to investigate thermal transport in materials used in nuclear energy applications. First, we discuss utility of this technique to measure thermal conductivity in ion irradiated ceramic materials during investigations where the primary objective is to understand the impact of radiation induced crystalline structure defects on thermal transport. We also present the capability of TR approach to resolve thermal conductivity of each layer in tristructural isotropic fuel, silicon carbide fiber composites, and 2nd phase precipitates in uranium silicide. Finally, the ability to measure interface thermal resistance between adjacent layers in composites is demonstrated.
Human Sexuality Education in Marriage and Family Therapy Graduate Programs

Given the likelihood that marriage and family therapists will encounter clients with sexual concerns, it is important to know how graduate training programs are preparing future clinicians to work with this domain of life. Sixty-nine marriage and family therapy (MFT) program directors completed an online survey to examine how sexual health education is integrated into graduate training programs. Findings indicate that while the majority of program directors value sexuality curriculum, and most programs require at least one course in this area, there are barriers to privileging sex topics in MFT graduate programs. Barriers include few MFT faculties with expertise in human sexuality and marginalized sexual health topics. Implications for training MFT graduate students and their work with future clients are discussed.
Modeling of a soft multiple-shape-memory ionic polymer-metal composite actuator

The multiple-shape-memory ionic polymer-metal composite (MSM-IPMC) actuator can demonstrate complex 3D deformation. The MSM-IPMC have two characteristics, which are the electro-mechanical actuation effect and the thermal-mechanical shape memory effect. The bending, twisting, and oscillating motions of the actuator could be controlled simultaneously or separately by means of thermal-mechanical and electro-mechanical transactions. In our study, we theoretically modelled and experimentally investigated the MSM-IPMC. We proposed a new physical principle to explain the shape memory behavior. A theoretical model of the multiple shape memory effect of MSMIPMC was developed. It is based on the assumption that the multiple shape memory effect is caused by the thermal stress and each individual Young’s modulus is ‘memorized’ during the previous programming process. As the MSM-IPMC was reheated to each temperature, the corresponding thermal stress was applied on the MSM-IPMC, and the Young’s modulus was recovered, which result in the shape recovery of the MSM-IPMC. To verify the model, a MSM-IPMC sample was prepared. Experimental tests of MSM-IPMC were conducted. By comparing the simulation results and the experimental results, both results have a good agreement. The current study is beneficial for the better understanding of the underlying physics of MSM-IPMC.