cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic localization of human cdc25C during interphase requires an intact 14-3-3 binding site.

cdc25C induces mitosis by activating the cdc2-cyclin B complex. The intracellular localization of cyclin B1 is regulated in a cell cycle-specific manner, and its entry into the nucleus may be required for the initiation of mitosis. To determine the cellular localization of cdc25C, monoclonal antibodies specific for cdc25C were developed and used to demonstrate that in human cells, cdc25C is retained in the cytoplasm during interphase. A deletion analysis identified a 58-amino-acid region (amino acids 201 to 258) in cdc25C that was required for the cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C. This region contained a specific binding site for 14-3-3 proteins, and mutations in cdc25C that disrupted 14-3-3 binding also disrupted the cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C during interphase. cdc25C proteins that do not contain a binding site for 14-3-3 proteins showed a pancellular localization and an increased ability to induce premature chromosome condensation. The cytoplasmic localization of cdc25C was not altered by γ irradiation or treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. These results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may negatively regulate cdc25C function by sequestering cdc25C in the cytoplasm.
Minimal models and canonical neural computations: the distinctness of computational explanation in neuroscience

In a recent paper, Kaplan (Synthese 183:339–373, 2011) takes up the task of extending Craver’s (Explaining the brain, 2007) mechanistic account of explanation in neuroscience to the new territory of computational neuroscience. He presents the model to mechanism mapping (3M) criterion as a condition for a model’s explanatory adequacy. This mechanistic approach is intended to replace earlier accounts which posited a level of computational analysis conceived as distinct and autonomous from underlying mechanistic details. In this paper I discuss work in computational neuroscience that creates difficulties for the mechanist project. Carandini and Heeger (Nat Rev Neurosci 13:51–62, 2012) propose that many neural response properties can be understood in terms of canonical neural computations. These are “standard computational modules that apply the same fundamental operations in a variety of contexts.” Importantly, these computations can have numerous biophysical realisations, and so straightforward examination of the mechanisms underlying these computations carries little explanatory weight. Through a comparison between this modelling approach and minimal models in other branches of science, I argue that computational neuroscience frequently employs a distinct explanatory style, namely, efficient coding explanation. Such explanations cannot be assimilated into the mechanistic framework but do bear interesting similarities with evolutionary and optimality explanations elsewhere in biology.
Arhopalus ferus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): structure and function of the female reproductive system

Abstract Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) female pupae and adults were dissected, and both internal and external genitalia are described. The external genitalia involve segments 8 and 9. Segment 9 and its appendages are modified into a long ovipositor which telescopes with segment 8 into segment 7 when retracted. The internal genitalia include ovaries, bursa copulatrix, spermatheca, spermathecal gland, vagina, and accessory glands. The terminology applied to coleopteran genital anatomy is critically discussed.
Incidence and predictors of appendiceal tumors in elderly males presenting with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis.

Abstract Background Patients with appendiceal tumors (AT) frequently present with the same signs and symptoms as acute appendicitis (AA). The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of AT in a population of patients greater than 60 years of age thought to have AA, and to identify presenting factors that can help differentiate the 2 disease processes. Methods An institutional review board–approved, retrospective review was performed identifying all patients greater than 60 years old who underwent either appendectomy or colectomy after presenting with signs and symptoms of AA from Janaury 1997 to April 2004. Patient records were examined for demographic variables, presenting signs and symptoms, and pathology. Results A total of 34 patients fit the entry criteria; 8 (24%) had AT. Average duration of symptoms was significantly longer (4.9 ± 1.9 versus 2.3 ± 0.3 days; P = 0.01) and hematocrit lower (36.5 ± 2.3 versus 42.4 ± 1.0%; P = 0.01) for patients with AT compared with patients with AP. No other significant differences in presenting signs and symptoms were noted. Conclusions There is an increased incidence of appendiceal neoplasms among elderly patients presenting with signs and symptoms of AA. Distinction between AT and appendicitis is difficult preoperatively, but AT should be suspected when patients present with longer duration of symptoms or reduced hematocrit.
Visual rhetoric and big data: design of future communication

The hype machine---media, corporate communications, and futurist prognosticators---are hard at work promoting Big Data. There are computing and storage resources that, like the "dark fiber" installed at the turn of the millennium that now carries streaming video, are looking for huge data sets that require the powerful processing and tremendous storage capacity of the new infrastructure. And there is no better confluence than that provided by the impetus to rearticulate Communication Design Quarterly in an age of Big Data. The New York Times has been running articles about Big Data for some time:"Big data is all about exploration without preconceived notions."
Evaluation of Ni-Cr-base alloys for SOFC interconnect applications

Abstract To further understand the suitability of Ni–Cr-base alloys for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect applications, three commercial Ni–Cr-base alloys, Haynes 230, Hastelloy S and Haynes 242 were selected and evaluated for oxidation behavior under different exposure conditions, scale conductivity and thermal expansion. Haynes 230 and Hastelloy S, which have a relatively high Cr content, formed a thin scale mainly comprised of Cr 2 O 3 and (Mn,Cr,Ni) 3 O 4 spinels under SOFC operating conditions, demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and a high scale electrical conductivity. In contrast, a thick double-layer scale with a NiO outer layer above a chromia-rich substrate was grown on Haynes 242 in moist air or at the air side of dual exposure samples, indicating limited oxidation resistance for the interconnect application. With a face-centered-cubic (FCC) substrate, all three alloys possess a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is higher than that of candidate ferritic stainless steels, e.g. Crofer22 APU. Among the three alloys, Haynes 242, which is heavily alloyed with W and Mo and contains a low Cr content, demonstrated the lowest average CTE at 13.1 × 10 −6 K −1 from room temperature to 800 °C, but it was also observed that the CTE behavior of Haynes 242 was very non-linear.
Nonspecific aches and pains

Abstract Patients with nonspecific aches and pains often present to primary care practitioners. Knowledge of the more common disorders causing these complaints is helpful in appropriately diagnosing and treating these patients.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor-2 Accelerates Wound Healing in Incisional Wounds

Background.Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) also described as fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) is a newly identified member of the fibroblast growth factor family. KGF-2 is 96% identical to the recently identified rat FGF-10 and specifically stimulates growth of normal human epidermal keratinocytes. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of topically applied KGF-2 in an incisional wound healing model. KGF-2 treatment resulted in an improvement in incisional wound healing as characterized by an increase in breaking strength, collagen content, and epidermal thickness. Methods.KGF-2 was topically applied to linear incisions made in the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats. Biomechanical testing was done using an Instron tensiometer for breaking and tensile strength determinations. Wound collagen content was determined using the Sircol collagen assay. Epidermal thickness measurements were conducted using Masson's trichrome-stained sections of the wound. Results.A single topical application of KGF-2 at the time of wounding resulted in an increase in wound breaking and tensile strength at Day 5 after wounding. Breaking strength of KGF-2-treated wounds was significantly higher compared with the buffer control (1 μg, 222.1 ± 13.5 g,P= 0.0007; 4 μg, 248.7 ± 15.4 g,P= 0.0001; 10 μg, 247.2 ± 21.9 g,P= 0.001; buffer, 141.0 ± 9.7 g). Epidermal thickness and wound collagen content were significantly increased following treatment with KGF-2. Conclusions.Based on our findings, KGF-2 is a potent stimulator of wound healing as demonstrated by increased mechanical strength accompanied by an increase in wound collagen content. KGF-2 could be an important cellular mediator responsible for the initiation and acceleration of wound healing and may enhance the healing of surgical wounds.
Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and export for the upper Kuparuk River on the North Slope of Alaska in 1980

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were measured from May to August 1980 in the upper Kuparuk River, a tundra stream on the North Slope of Alaska. Mean values for nitrogen were 10.8 J1.g N 1- 1 for ammonium, 21.4 µg N 1- 1 for nitrate plus nitrite and 248 µg N 1 - 1 for dissolved organic nitrogen. Mean values for phosphorus were 8.1 Jig P 1-1 for total dissolved phosphorus and 4.7 µg P 1- 1 for fine particulate phosphorus. Nitrate concentrations were inversely correlated with flow whereas particulate phosphorus concentrations increased during high flows. Export of nitrogen and phosphorus from the watershed during 1980 was estimated to be 4.69, 3.25 and 91 kg km - 2 yr - 1 for N03-N, NH4-N and DON-N, respectively, and 2.86 and 3.03 kg km - 2yr- 1 for TDP-P and PP-P. Both the relative concentrations of Nand P and the relative amounts exported suggest that phosphorus is in short supply but both nutrients are present in low concentrations comparable to those found previously in tundra ponds at Point Barrow, Alaska.
Effect of crack tip stress intensity on the mechanism of stress-corrosion cracking of titanium-6a-4V in methanol

Abstract The fracture of Ti-6A1-4V alloy by stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in methanol demonstrates that the relative proportions of cleavage, peculiar to SCC in this alloy, and mechanical rupture depend on the crack tip stress intensity (KI). When KI is low, most of the crack propagation is cleavage with concomitant rupture of a few SCC resistant ligaments. When KI is high, a small proportion of cleavage raises the local stress along the crack front sufficiently to trigger a large increment of mechanical rupture, leading to stable propagation with a high proportion of rupture dimples in the fracture surface.
Development of the Spiritual Transcendence Index

In response to calls from the scientific community for improved conceptualizations and measures of spirituality, we describe the concept of “spiritual transcendence” and the development of the Spiritual Transcendence Index (STI). Spiritual transcendence refers to a perceived experience of the sacred that affects one’sself–perception, feelings, goals, and ability to transcend one’sdifficulties. The STI is an eight–item measure of this construct developed and refined based on rational considerations, input from three focus groups of religious leaders, and a reciprocal process of empirically testing the item pool and revising it across six successive surveys. The final scale, together with measures of related constructs, was tested in 220 randomly selected community residents. Although further study of the scale is needed, the STI demonstrated high consistency and validity across several samples in these initial exploratory studies.
β-endorphin modulates the effect of stress on novelty-suppressed feeding

Although stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders, not all individuals who suffer stressful life events develop psychopathology. Differential susceptibility to stress may be influenced by genetically-mediated differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and moderation of the stress response by the opioid peptide β-endorphin (β-E). The present study investigated genetic contributions to coping behavior by examining anxious behavior of transgenic mice with varying capacities to synthesize β-E (B6.129S2-Pomctm1Low/J; regulated by insertion of a premature stop codon into one or both copies of the proopiomelanocortin gene), both under normal conditions and following 3 minutes of forced swim. Ten minutes after this stress exposure or a control manipulation, acutely food-deprived female and male transgenic mice were subjected to a novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) test, during which their interaction with an almond slice located in the center of an open field box was measured. There was an interaction between genotype and stress for latency to approach the almond and whether or not the almond was approached, such that mice with low or absent β-E displayed a stronger aversion to novelty-feeding after stress exposure than did mice with normal levels. These data provide evidence for a moderating effect of β-E on the behavioral response to stress. Genotypic differences in anxious behavior emerged when mice were stressed prior to behavioral assessment, suggesting that β-E plays a role in coping behavior. These findings indicate that genetic variability in sensitivity of the β-E system to stress may contribute, at least in part, to heritable differences in stress reactivity as well as vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology.
On solutions of algebraic differential equations whose coefficients are analytic functions in the unit disk

We investigate the growth of solutions for a class of first-order algebraic differential equations
SU-GG-J-103: Image-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer Using Adaptive Planning CT Images

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a practical methodology for near real‐time patient positioning and dosimetric re‐planning using CBCT. This study reports our investigation into the potential of using adaptive planning CT (ApCT) which combines the planning CT (pCT) and CBCT for dosimetric evaluation in the radiotherapy of head and neck cancers.Method and Materials: A Varian Clinac‐iX linear accelerator with the on‐board imager (OBI) was used to obtain CBCTimages. The CBCT and pCT images of head and neck patients were registered weekly to generate ApCT images using our in‐house image registrationsoftware. The registration similarity measure was intensity based “mutual information” operated in the “neighborhood” region. The search was optimized using the “downhill simplex” algorithm. The registration registered internal anatomies on the pCT and CBCT, while the external contours were extracted from the CBCT and superimposed onto the pCT to form the ApCT. Dose distributions and dose‐volume histograms were re‐calculated based on ApCT. Depending on the results, a decision could be made whether re‐optimization was necessary — if needed it was performed using the ApCT. Results: It was found that the localized rigid image registration was satisfactory since most structures in head and neck patients were quite rigid. The doses to the respective PTVs and critical structures were compared between the initial treatment plan and the adaptive plans based on ApCT images. For those that failed to meet clinical criteria, the IMRT beams were re‐optimized using the ApCT images.Conclusion: Re‐planning with ApCT images was accurate, time efficient, and cost effective. The actual dose delivered could be accurately assessed based on the ApCT, which eliminates the potential dosimetric errors resulting from the uncertainty in inhomogeneity correction in CBCT‐based planning.
The Elementary School Counselor's Role in Fostering Caring School Communities

The school counselor can play a key role in fostering a caring school community (CSC). The counselor can engage in a comprehensive, preventive, and developmental intervention that helps to promote a sense of belongingness. Furthermore, this intervention reflects a strengths-based counseling approach because it considers how contextual changes can be made to promote overall development of youth. Seven elementary school counselors' perspectives were examined for their understanding about what constitutes a CSC and how they help to facilitate such a context. The school counselors in the study reported the following: There are a core set of elements that they believe make up a CSC; they draw upon their personal experiences within the school environment to help them understand how their CSC efforts can best be implemented; they implement a set of effective strategies to foster a CSC; and they utilize a shared guiding philosophy that is reflected by their efforts to foster a CSC.
Elastic-cracked model for penetration into unreinforced concrete targets with ogival nose projectiles

Abstract In this research an elastic-cracked model for determining the forces on an ogival nose projectile is developed to estimate the resistance to penetration into an unreinforced concrete target. The model developed is guided by the post-test observation that concrete will crack in the region surrounding the projectile. In this model the spherical cavity expansion approximation is extended by assuming a cracked region and an elastic region to simulate penetration into an unreinforced concrete target. Thus, an elastic-cracked model is developed here for predicting the resistance to penetration, where it is assumed that the interface of the cracked region and elastic region, which satisfies the Hugoniot jump conditions, is controlled by the radial compressive strength Po. Solutions that determine the boundary for the elastic region for both incompressible and compressible cases are given. A calculation shows that the incompressible solution is of first-order for the compressive solution when Poisson's ratio equals 0.5. The resistance to penetration depends on the following factors of the concrete target: Poisson's ratio v, locked volumetric strain η∗, strength of the material and velocity V. The present model predictions of depth of penetration appear to be in good agreement with existing experimental measurements that involve a steel projectile penetrating a thick, unreinforced concrete slab at normal incidence.
Analog VLSI neural systems: trends and challenges

The demand for intensive computational power for real time information processing applications is rapidly increasing. These information systems are anticipated to support tera operations-per-second in 1996 and beyond. Artificial neural networks represent one of the approaches to enhance computational capabilities in real-time information processing. Analog or mixed digital/analog VLSI neural network processors have been widely developed and are preferred over digital solutions particularly for dedicated applications. We, therefore, see a strong connection between advances in analog VLSI design and the rate of progress of application driven neural network hardware. This paper is devoted primarily to advances and trends in analog VLSI, and discusses the challenges as well as the tremendous potential of analog VLSI neural nets to address real world problems. We also present an interdisciplinary view on VLSI in general and on analog VLSI in particular. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Putable common stock

Abstract The underpricing of initial public offerings is a well-documented phenomenon in the financial literature. The purpose of this paper is to show how this empirical regularity could be solved by an appropriate choice of financing instruments, namely, by an intelligent mix of common stocks and put options. The latter additional instrument, modeled in this paper as a lump sum paid by insiders of the firm to outsiders, helps alleviate the asymmetry of information existing between insiders and outsiders of the corporation, allowing good firms to sell the package they offer at the full information value.
Brain activation patterns at exhaustion in rats that differ in inherent exercise capacity.

In order to further understand the genetic basis for variation in inherent (untrained) exercise capacity, we examined the brains of 32 male rats selectively bred for high or low running capacity (HCR and LCR, respectively). The aim was to characterize the activation patterns of brain regions potentially involved in differences in inherent running capacity between HCR and LCR. Using quantitative in situ hybridization techniques, we measured messenger ribonuclease (mRNA) levels of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, in the brains of HCR and LCR rats after a single bout of acute treadmill running (7.5–15 minutes, 15° slope, 10 m/min) or after treadmill running to exhaustion (15–51 minutes, 15° slope, initial velocity 10 m/min). During verification of trait differences, HCR rats ran six times farther and three times longer prior to exhaustion than LCR rats. Running to exhaustion significantly increased c-Fos mRNA activation of several brain areas in HCR, but LCR failed to show significant elevations of c-Fos mRNA at exhaustion in the majority of areas examined compared to acutely run controls. Results from these studies suggest that there are differences in central c-Fos mRNA expression, and potential brain activation patterns, between HCR and LCR rats during treadmill running to exhaustion and these differences could be involved in the variation in inherent running capacity between lines.
Elevated serum levels of neopterin but not β2-microglobulin in Hiv-1-seronegative injecting drug users

Objective To determine whether injecting drug use is associated with cellular immune activation in the absence of HIV-1 infection. Design Serum levels of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) were measured cross-sectionally in injecting drug users (IDU) enrolled in a prospective study. Subjects and methods Two hundred and nineteen HIV-1-seronegative, healthy heterosexual black male IDU aged 21-49 years were selected from the Baltimore-based AIDS Linked to Intravenous Experiences (ALIVE) study. The possibility of including subjects in the process of seroconverting to HIV-1 was minimized by restricting the study to individuals who remained seronegative 6 months after the specimens used for analysis were collected. Results Mean serum beta 2M levels were not statistically different among groups of IDU whose usual pattern of injection was at least once a day for up to 3 consecutive days (daily users; n = 65), less than once per day (less-than-daily users; n = 75), or not at all for at least 2 weeks (non-recent users; n = 79). In contrast, the mean neopterin level was significantly (P = 0.039) greater in daily users (6.17 nmol/l) than in the other two groups (5.07 and 5.19 nmol/l, respectively, which were not statistically different). These results were not affected, by the frequency of using borrowed non-sterile works or by other demographic and risk factor variables. Conclusions Frequent injecting drug use may be independently associated with a small elevation of serum neopterin levels, but not beta 2M levels. Although the occurrence of a type I error in this sample cannot be completely excluded, serum neopterin may be more sensitive than serum beta 2M in detecting activation of immunocompetent cells associated with frequent injecting drug use in this population.
Mechanism of anomerization of cyclohexyl 2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-2-(N-methylacetamido)-α- and β-d-hexopyranosides under reductive-cleavage conditions

The fully methylated cyclohexyl glycosides of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha- and beta-D-hexopyranoses having the gluco, manno, and galacto configurations were each subjected to reductive-cleavage conditions using one of three promoters, namely trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, a mixture of trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate and boron trifluoride etherate, or boron trifluoride etherate alone. As expected, the fully methylated 1,2-trans-linked acetamido sugar derivatives were rapidly converted to their respective oxazolinium ions with all three promoters. Surprisingly, however, the fully methylated 1,2-cis-linked acetamido sugar derivatives were also converted to their respective oxazolinium ions, albeit at a much slower rate. In the latter case, evidence was obtained for anomerization to the 1,2-trans-linked isomers under reductive-cleavage conditions. Since the anomerization was relatively slow at room temperature in dichloromethane, a modified procedure was developed in which the reaction was carried out at 70 degrees C in 1,2-dichloroethane. Using the modified procedure, all 1,2-cis- and 1,2-trans-linked acetamido sugar derivatives were rapidly converted into their respective oxazolinium ions and subsequent quenching of the reactions with anhydrous methanol gave the respective 1,2-trans-linked methyl glycoside derivatives in quantitative yield. The modified procedure is recommended for the total reductive cleavage of polysaccharides comprised of acetamido sugar residues.
Selection of the reduced virtual space for correlated calculations. An application to the energy and dipole moment of H2O

Abstract Many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster calculations for the energy and dipole moment of H 2 O are performed using different techniques to reduce the virtual space. The optimized virtual orbital space (OVOS) method is compared with frozen natural orbitals (FNO), defined from a relaxed density matrix, and just SCF orbitals to generate an optimized reduced virtual space. It is shown that OVOS as well as FNO orbitals recover more than 90% of the correlated energy even when the virtual space has been reduced by almost 60%. In the full occupied space, the OVOS method is slightly preferable to FNO results in intermediate sized virtual spaces. By eliminating core correlations effectively perfect agreement is found between the FNO orbitals and OVOS.
Models for the cross-correlation between retinal ganglion cells

Neighboring ganglion cells in the vertebrate retina not only respond to the same stimuli but also display cross-correlated activity on a millisecond time scale. Recent studies of this cross-correlation have indicated that simple linear addition of common variability to each ganglion cell signal does not account for the observations (Levine 1997). In this report, Monte Carlo simulations of various linear and nonlinear models are presented that confirm the earlier speculations. Models in which common variability alters the leakages of a pair of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons account for the data and predict the cross-correlogram lag without invoking temporal delay lines.
Pasteurization of Egg Yolk and White

Abstract THE production of frozen liquid egg products—whole egg, plain and treated yolk, and white—has increased steadily during the past several years. Winter, Greco and Stewart (1946) have shown that liquid whole egg can be successfully pasteurized for destruction of most of the bacteria present and for prolonging the keeping time, especially at household refrigerator temperature. Winter, Stewart, McFarlane and Solowey (1946) have also reported that pasteurization may be employed to destroy pathogenic bacteria, especially the Salmonella, that may be present in liquid whole egg. Egg yolk is an excellent media for the growth and multiplication of bacteria. The authors (unpublished data) have found higher bacterial counts in commercial liquid egg yolk than in liquid whole egg or egg white. The count in egg white is lower than in whole egg; nevertheless many bacteria are present. The white is frequently used in the uncooked form for icings, frosting, etc. . . .
Progesterone: A critical role in the pathogenesis of uterine myomas

Uterine leiomyomas are monoclonal tumors. However, the factors involved in their initiation and growth remain poorly understood. The neoplastic transformation of myometrium to leiomyoma likely involves somatic mutations of normal myometrium and the complex interactions of sex steroids and local growth factors. Traditionally, estrogen has been considered the major promoter of myoma growth. The purpose of this review is to highlight the biochemical, histologic, and clinical evidence that supports an equally important role for progesterone in the growth of uterine myomas. Biochemical studies suggest that progesterone, progestins, and the progesterone receptor modulate myoma mitotic activity. Several clinical trials demonstrate that progestins inhibit and/or reverse the ability of hypoestrogenism induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to shrink uterine myomas, suggesting a critical role for progesterone in growth of myomas. A new hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of myomas is presented.
CHLOROPHYLL A SYNTHESIS UPON INTERRUPTION AND DELETION OF POR CODING FOR THE LIGHT-DEPENDENT NADPH:PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE IN A PHOTOSYSTEM -I-LESS/CHLL- STRAIN OF SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. PCC 6803

The gene coding for the light-dependent NADPH :protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) was interrupted or deleted in a Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strain lacking photosystem I (PS I) as well as ChlL, which takes part in light-independent catalysis of protochlorophyllide reduction. Interruption of por by a kanamycin-resistance cartridge between the codons for M263 and V264 (about 83 % into the coding region) did not abolish POR activity, but resulted in a decrease in the protochlorophyllide-(PChlide)-binding capacity of POR. Deletion of por in the PS I-less/chlL− strain generated a mutant [PS I-less/chlL−/por (del)] which accumulated both monovinyl-PChlide and divinyl-PChlide and excreted PChlides into the medium. This mutant also synthesized small amounts of protochlorophyllide dihydrogeranylgeraniol ester (protochlorophyll) when it was grown under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions. However, the mutant was still able to synthesize small amounts of normal chlorophyll a under weak continuous illumination, even though the quantum yield of chlorophyll a formation was reduced. Either protochlorophyll or PChlide reduction by an unspecific reductase or by a ChlB/ChlN complex could account for chlorophyll a synthesis in the PS I-less/chlL−/por (del) strain. Functional photosystem II (PS II) was assembled in this mutant, but the PS II/chlorophyll ratio was fourfold lower than in the PS I-less strain with normal chlorophyll synthesis. The PS I-less/chlL−/por (del) mutant had a 77-K fluorescence emission maximum at 685 nm but no peak or shoulder at 695 nm when the cells were excited at 435 nm. Much of the chlorophyll in the PS I-less/chlL−/por (del) mutant therefore seems to be associated with components other than PS II.
Transverse Hadamard spectroscopic imaging technique

Abstract A new Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) technique based on transverse magnetization encoding is presented and tested experimentally. Using average Hamiltonian theory, we have defined the conditions under which a proper combination of gradients and RF functions can produce, as a good approximation, a plane rotation whose flip angle is the Fourier transform of the RF function even in the presence of chemical-shift and B0 inhomogeneity. Hence, the generation of RF pulses to perform any order HSI is simplified.
A G2/M growth arrest response to low-dose intermittent H2O2 in normal uroepithelial cells.

Abstract Studies in fibroblasts have shown that H2O2, as a model for oxidative damage, leads to a G1 growth arrest phenotypically similar to senescence. These observations as well as the observation that bladder cancer is associated with deletions of CDKN2, a gene important in normal senescence, led us to examine normal urothelial cell response to H2O2. We hypothesized that low dose H2O2 exposure would lead to p16 and/or p14arf mediated senescence. We show that H2O2 leads to endogenous beta-galactosidase expression similar to senescence, but instead of G1 arrest, it leads to G2/M growth arrest without induction of either p16 or p14arf. Lack of p21 induction and a similar G2/M growth arrest in E6 immortalized uroepithelial cells suggests that this response is independent of p53 as well. An increased level of cdc2 tyrosine-15 phosphorylation following H2O2 treatment suggests that the observed growth arrest is mediated by a G2 checkpoint mechanism.
2.2.2 Sources of Schedule Risk in Complex System Development

From one perspective, developing complex systems is an exercise in uncertainty reduction and risk management. In this article I first organize the principle sources of risk in product development into five categories: market risk, product performance risk, technology risk, development cost risk, and schedule risk. Second, I synthesize research findings from literature and interviews with experienced product development managers and system engineers at a major aerospace company regarding the sources of uncertainty underlying one of these categories, schedule risk. Relationships between these sources of schedule uncertainty are shown using a causal framework. The goal of this preliminary work is to highlight areas for increased attention in planning and management processes, while providing a systems view of the effects of certain actions.
Tunneling into Andreev bound states of YBa2Cu3O7: observation of broken time-reversal symmetry

Abstract Planar tunneling is a powerful spectroscopic probe of superconducting YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO). In YBCO/I/Cu junctions, an organic monolayer is used to form the insulator. The reproducible dependences of the tunneling conductance on temperature, magnetic field and ion-induced disorder show that the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) is an Andreev bound state, of the d -wave order parameter. In zero applied field the ZBCP splits at T ∼8 K, signifying a phase transition into a state with spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry. An applied field induces further splitting that saturates at fields of order 2–3 T. These data support a theoretical model that invokes the formation of sub-dominant order parameter.
The 24Mg(α, α')24Mg reaction; statistical analysis

Abstract The 24Mg(α, α')24Mg reaction to the 1.37 MeV state has been studied over an α-energy range of 9.625–13.825 MeV, in ≈40 keV steps, and over a 25°–160° angular interval. These cross sections have been analysed in terms of statistical theory and a number of deviations from its predictions are found. These deviations point to the importance of non-statistical processes, such as intermediate structure, to the α-scattering. The average compound nuclear width o1 62±7 keV is found for 28Si over the 18–22 MeV excitation.
Reflections on mary whitehouse

Mary Whitehouse, one of the pioneers in dance therapy, developed a unique approach called Movement-in-Depth which was a way of working on both psychological and physical levels. The principles of her approach, her humanistic, growth-oriented model and her process-oriented work, are explored. A discussion follows of the premises for her work: that the individual can connect to the unconscious through movement and that this process has inherent healing value; that movement reflects personality; and that movement with awareness can produce psychic changes. Also examined are the three stages of her approach: becoming aware of the body and movement; trusting the inner impulse and allowing the movement to happen; and then making an outer connection. A sense of Mary’s commitment to the movement process for healing and growth as well as a feeling for her role in the therapy setting and as a human being is presented through the discussion of the author’s personal experiences and a description of the dance/movement therapy session.
Cooling of Data Centers Using Airside Economizers

The power trend for Server systems continues to grow thereby making thermal management of Data centers a very challenging task. Although various configurations exist, the raised floor plenum with Computer Room Air Conditioners (CRACs) providing cold air is a popular operating strategy. These rising heat load trends in data center facilities have raised concerns over energy usage. The environmental protection agency has reported that the energy used in 2006 by data center industry was 1.5% of the total energy usage by entire nation. The experts agree that by year 2010, this usage will approach 2% of the annual energy use nationwide. This has been the driving force behind the new solutions or technologies such as free cooling. Recent studies show that the outside air can be drawn in to cool the IT equipment without any undue electronic component failure due to contaminant. In this paper, different cases employing air side economizer are discussed. Numerical models are created to study the qualitative impact of the solution under various operating conditions.© 2009 ASME
Prospects of searches for neutral, long-lived particles that decay to photons using timing at CDF

We present the prospects of searches for neutral, long-lived particles that decay to photons using their time of arrival measured with a newly installed timing system on the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMTiming) of the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). A Monte Carlo simulation shows that EMTiming can provide separation between decay photons from neutral, long-lived particles and prompt photons from standard model backgrounds. Using gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) ${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{1}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{G}$ models, we estimate a quasi-model-independent sensitivity using only direct neutralino pair production, and also estimate the expected 95% confidence level exclusion regions for all superpartner production as a function of the neutralino mass and lifetime. We find that a combination of single photon and diphoton analyses should allow the Tevatron in Run II to easily extend the exclusion regions from ALEPH at LEP II at high neutralino masses and lifetimes, and cover parts of the theoretically favored ${m}_{\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{G}}l\mathrm{\text{few}}\text{ }\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/{c}^{2}$ GMSB parameter space.
Detection of Hb-Papio B, a Silent Mutation of the Baboon β Chain, by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Improved Procedures for the Separation of Globin Chains by Hplc

A silent mutant of the β chain of the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) was detected by high performance liquid chromatography of the globin chains. The substitution is β13 Ala → Thr. The inclusion of nonylamine in the developers for HPLC results not only in an improved separation of baboon globin chains but also in the complete resolution of the human Gγ, Aγ, and AγT chains and some common human variant β chains.
Photon radiation dose enhancement at material interfaces

Abstract Experimental radiation dose-effect studies at a material's interface require high-resolution dose measurements resulting from the exposure of mounted samples on a supporting substrate. Reflections of photons and electrons from the substrate increase the effective dose to the sample relative to dose from the direct beam incident on the unbacked sample. This difficult-to-measure enhancement of effective dose can be calculated easily with Monte Carlo transport codes. We have used the Monte Carlo code, CYLTRAN, to carry out radiation transport and dose calculations in very thin water layers backed by different substrate materials. We present cases with an incident photon beam (15 – 100 keV) on a water medium with five different substrates — mylar, aluminum, copper, silver, and gold.
Uncovering Biphasic Catalytic Mode of C5-epimerase in Heparan Sulfate Biosynthesis

Heparan sulfate (HS), a highly sulfated polysaccharide, is biosynthesized through a pathway involving several enzymes. C5-epimerase (C5-epi) is a key enzyme in this pathway. C5-epi is known for being a two-way catalytic enzyme, displaying a “reversible” catalytic mode by converting a glucuronic acid to an iduronic acid residue, and vice versa. Here, we discovered that C5-epi can also serve as a one-way catalyst to convert a glucuronic acid to an iduronic acid residue, displaying an “irreversible” catalytic mode. Our data indicated that the reversible or irreversible catalytic mode strictly depends on the saccharide substrate structures. The biphasic mode of C5-epi offers a novel mechanism to regulate the biosynthesis of HS with the desired biological functions.
Uncertainty, appraisal and quality of life.

This study evaluates the influence of different factors in the adaptation process activated by uncertainty in illness on health-related quality of life. The sample included 100 women (mean age = 52.1 years) receiving treatment for newly diagnosed (M=52.1 months) gynaecological cancer (38 cervical, 26 ovarian, 24 endometrial, 7 uterine, 4 vulvar, and 1 vaginal). Stepwise regression analyses identified mood states, ambiguity about illness-wellness state, dangerfocused appraisal and mastery as key predictors of four health-related quality of life scores. The variance accounted for by those variables is reflected in cumulative multipleR2 of 0.56 for total quality of life score, 0.57 for psychosocial well-being, 0.235 for physical well-being and 0.25 for disease/symptom distress. These variances do not reflect the contribution of age, time since diagnosis, metastasis and stage of cancer which were forced to enter the regression equation first. The latter set of variables accounted for a smaller portion of the variance in health-related quality of life (R2=0.03–0.195). Coping strategy did not predict health-related quality of life. These findings provide beginning support for conceptualizing health-related quality of life as the outcome of an adaptation process explained by the uncertainty in illness theory. However, uncertainty in illness theory may not be sufficient to predict quality of life outcomes. Future research should consider the addition of discrepancy theory to guide the selection or development of a health-related quality of life measure, to account for the perceived discrepancy between actual experience and expected well-being.
Antisymmetry in the three-body model of deuteron stripping

Abstract A simplified version of the Kosugi and Kosugi solution of the Bethe-Goldstone equation is presented.
Assessing Individual Differences in Spatial Strategies

This research examined the strategies, emotions, and beliefs described by participants completing a complex three dimensional spatial task. After completing the task, participants examined a video of themselves performing the task. During the video performance, participants completed a thought listing exercise designed to elicit strategies used, as well participants' beliefs about their own adequacy and the degree of difficulty of the task. These data were coded by two independent observers. Strategies, beliefs, and emotions reported were predicted both by the sex of the participant and the success at the task. Unsuccessful males and females did not differ from one another in their reported strategies, beliefs, or emotions. However, successful males reported many more specific strategies, whereas successful females reported greater emotional regulation. Additionally, trial and error was identified by successful females as their main strategy. Guidelines for eliciting spatial strategies follow.
Financial Regulation and the Convergence Scenario

Convergence is the blurring of conventional boundaries separating the traditional providers of once discrete financial services. Although a relatively new phenomenon, convergence is pervasive globally, as evidenced by bancassurance in Europe and the recent spate of high-profile mergers around the world.
Plasma membrane extensions in intercalated discs of human myocardium and their relationship to partial dissociations of the discs.

Abstract Examination of myocardium from 14 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and from 31 patients with non-obstructive cardiomyopathies of various types revealed the consistent presence of plasma membrane processes in intercalated discs. These processes extended for variable distances into the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, contained small nexuses and small knob-like endings, and sometimes terminated in the vicinity of longitudinally oriented T tubules. In three patients (one with polymyositis and congestive cardiomyopathy, one with polymyositis, congestive cardiomyopathy and chronic alcoholism, and one with congestive cardiomyopathy of unknown cause) some of the intercalated discs showed areas of dissociation which involved the undifferentiated regions and myofibrillar insertion sites. Vesicles of various sizes filled many of these areas of dissociation and appeared to be derived from swelling of the plasma membrane processes of intercalated discs.
Caring for a Teen with Congenital Heart Disease

Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are a rapidly growing population with complex medical needs and psychosocial challenges. Identity formation is an important developmental task accomplished during the teenage years. This article reviews different aspects of ongoing care that pertain to teenagers with CHD, with a particular focus on primary care issues and a summary of recommendations from various scientific societies. A successful smooth transition to the adult health care setting should achieve 2 important goals: to prevent loss of follow-up and to foster and encourage self-care behaviors.
Spotted Seatrout Distribution in Four Coastal Louisiana Estuaries

Abstract We analyzed experimental gill-net catches of spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus at 28 stations in various estuarine habitats over 3 years (1988–1990). Cluster analysis indicated that the 28 stations reduced to three “natural” groupings representing salinity zones that correspond to upper (oligohaline, 0–9‰), intermediate (mesohaline, 10–14‰), and lower (polyhaline, 15–30‰) estuarine zones. Principal components analysis applied to log-transformed gill-net catches yielded a two-factor model that explained 78% of the variation in the data; factors were interpreted as recruit size (females smaller than 31 cm in total length and males smaller than 26 cm) and spawner size (females larger than 31 cm and males larger than 26 cm). Both recruit and spawner models were highly significant (P < 0.0001), and the zone-by-season interaction accounted for the greatest proportion of the variation in the models (P < 0.0001). Abundances of recruit and spawner spotted seatrout were greatest in the lower estuarine z...
Acute Infectious Diarrhea in Immunocompetent Adults

In the United States, there are approximately 179 million cases of acute diarrhea per year. This update on the diagnosis and management of acute diarrhea in immunocompetent adults gives particular attention to the roles of noroviruses and Clostridium difficile.
Comparison of thermal and piezoresistive sensing approaches for atomic force microscopy topography measurements

Atomic force microscope cantilevers with integrated piezoresistive displacement sensors are widely used for nanometer-scale topographic measurement and force sensing. Heated cantilevers used in thermomechanical data storage are a promising alternative for topographic measurement. For both cantilever types, this letter models and predicts cantilever displacement sensitivity and noise-limited displacement resolution. The predictions for the thermal cantilever sensitivity compare well with data. Comparing the thermal cantilever with a similarly sized piezoresistive cantilever, the thermal cantilever provides more than one order of magnitude improved performance in both sensitivity and resolution over the piezoresistive cantilever.