cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Quantitation of Alpha-pinene in Rodent Blood and Mammary Gland by Headspace GC-MS.

Alpha-pinene (AP), produced by pine trees and other plants, is the main component of turpentine and is used as a fragrance and flavor ingredient. Exposure occurs via use of personal care and household cleaning products and in the lumber industry. Despite widespread exposure, toxicity data for AP are limited. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a method to quantitate AP in rodent blood and mammary glands, in support of toxicokinetic and toxicology studies of AP. The method uses 100 µL of blood or ~100 mg of mammary gland with analysis by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The samples are diluted with internal standard (2H3-AP, IS) and sealed in headspace vials; mammary glands are homogenized within the vial. The vials are equilibrated briefly at 60°C before a headspace sample is analyzed. The method was validated in Sprague Dawley rat blood over the range 5-500 ng/mL and mammary gland over the range 100-5000 ng/g. The method was linear (r ≥0.99), accurate (mean relative error (RE) ≤±13.4%) and precise (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤7.1%) in both matrices. Recoveries incorporating IS were ≥88.7% at all concentrations in both tissues. Standards as high as 1500 ng/mL in blood and 20,000 ng/g in mammary gland could be analyzed using lower injection volume or extrapolating the calibration curve beyond the upper limit of quantitation (mean %RE ≤±18.7; %RSD ≤2.2). Loss of AP occurred during overnight autosampler storage as well as frozen storage in as few as 15 days, but incorporation of IS prior to storage corrected for the loss such that calculated concentrations were within 84.7-117% of day 0 concentrations following frozen storage up to ≥32 days in both matrices. Matrix evaluation was performed in Hsd:Sprague Dawley®SD® rat and B6C3F1 mouse blood and mammary glands (mean %RE ≤±9.2; %RSD ≤4.3). These data demonstrate that the method is suitable for determination of AP in rodent blood and mammary glands.
The Long Shadow of History? The Impact of Colonial Labor Institutions on Economic Development in Peru

Recent scholarship claims that extractive colonial institutions explain the lackluster performance of Latin American economies today. We examine forced labor in colonial Peru. We find that while coercive labor institutions led to a drop in the indigenous population until the seventeenth century, they lost their influence over the remainder of the colonial period. We check for persistence using post-colonial outcomes; there is none. To address endogeneity, we look at other potential extraction mechanisms and exploit policies that exempted certain zones as an instrumental variable. Our results are consistent with existing historical narratives that point to institutional adaptation over time.
Immigration Detention and the Illusory Alternatives to Habeas

The Supreme Court has never directly addressed whether, or under what circumstances, a writ of habeas corpus may be used to challenge the conditions of detention, as opposed to the fact or duration of detention. Consequently, a circuit split exists on habeas jurisdiction over conditions claims. The COVID-19 pandemic brought this issue into the spotlight as detained individuals fearing infection, serious illness, and death requested release through habeas petitions around the country. One of the factors that courts considered in deciding whether to exercise habeas jurisdiction was whether alternative remedies exist, through a civil rights or tort-based action. This Article examines that question in depth, focusing specifically on the availability of meaningful alternatives for detained noncitizens. The Article analyzes challenges for noncitizens in bringing civil rights actions under Section 1983 or Bivens, tort actions under the Federal Tort Claims Act and state tort laws, and actions for injunctive relief directly under the Fifth Amendment and under the Administrative Procedure Act. By demonstrating that meaningful alternatives to habeas are often illusory for detained noncitizens, the Article argues that courts should err on the side of exercising habeas jurisdiction instead of making cursory conclusions that alternative remedies can be pursued.
MRI-Directed Brachytherapy for Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Case Report, Review, and Perspective on the Importance of Widespread Use of This Technological Advance in the United States

Cervical cancer remains a major health challenge in the United States (US), especially among the low socioeconomic and African American populations. The demographics of Mississippi constitute a relatively high percentage of this high-risk population. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy and followed by brachytherapy is the gold standard of treatment for stage IB3 through IVA cervical cancer. Arguably, brachytherapy is the most important component of this treatment process. Patterns of Care studies (PCS) and other more recent studies have shown that brachytherapy cannot be omitted or replaced by conventional or image-guided EBRT. The last decade has witnessed the expanding use of image-guided brachytherapy (IGBT). Studies have established the superiority of IGBT over point-based brachytherapy. MRI is associated with superior soft tissue definition compared with CT and is emerging as the new standard of care. The Gynaecological Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology [(GYN) GEC-ESTRO] have recommended that the dose be prescribed to the high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV). This volume includes residual tumor present at the time of brachytherapy, the cervix, and any gray areas seen on the scan. The (GYN) GEC-ESTRO has shown that a dose of >8500 cGy delivered in <50 days results in an approximate 10% increase in pelvic control (PC), disease-specific survival, and overall survival (OS) compared to historical controls. The normal tissue toxicity is comparable or better than historical controls as well. This dose, while maintaining normal tissue constraints, may only be achievable with a hybrid intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) needle device guided by MRI-based targeting. The University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) has initiated an MRI-based cervical brachytherapy program and has treated 18 patients to date; our experience confirms the above findings. In this report, we propose that MRI guidance is necessary and a hybrid IC/IS needle device is required to achieve adequate dose coverages.
A nonstandard-analytic proof of a theorem regarding noncommutative ergodic optimizations

In a previous article, we extended the notion of ergodic optimization to the setting of C*-dynamical systems of countable discrete groups. Among the key results of that paper was that given an action $G \stackrel{\Xi}{\curvearrowright} \mathfrak{M}$ of a countable discrete amenable group $G$ on a W*-probability space $(\mathfrak{M}, \rho)$ by $\rho$-preserving $*$-automorphisms of $\mathfrak{M}$, a positive element $x \in \mathfrak{M}$, and a right Folner sequence $\mathcal{F} = (F_k)_{k \in \mathbb{N} }$ for $G$, the sequence $$\left( \left\| \frac{1}{|F_k|} \sum_{g \in F_k} \Xi_g x \right\| \right)_{ k \in \mathbb{N} }$$ converges to a value $\Gamma(x)$ which can be described in the language of ergodic optimization. We provide here an alternate, more direct proof of that theorem using the tools of nonstandard analysis.
A terahertz micromachined on-wafer probe for WR-1.2 waveguide

A micromachined on-wafer probe designed for WR-1.2 rectangular waveguide is demonstrated in this paper to further enable submillimeter-wave integrated circuits testing. Initial measurements of a prototype WR-1.2 micromachined on-wafer probe exhibit an insertion loss better than 9 dB for the lower half of the WR-1.2 band.
Cultures' structures: Making meaning in the public sphere

The concept of culture appears frequently in popular political debate through powerful terms and images like "the culture wars," "family values," and "multiculturalism." It also plays a role in public policy most recently in the form of communitarian ideology. And, revisiting early historical debates among social theorists, culture has reemerged as a key concern in the social sciences. In light of this "renaissance," developing theories and methods that will help make culture more available to social inquiry and understanding has become an increasingly important task. As membership in the American Sociological Association's culture section increases, as sociologists form research networks with titles such as "meaning and measurement," and as largescale survey data from the General Social Survey's new "culture module" become available for analysis, it is important to take stock of the new theoretical and methodological developments upon which the analysis of culture depends.
Collective dynamics of off-center ions in K1-xLixTaO3: A model of relaxor behavior.

The relaxor behavior is characteristic of the class of disordered ferroelectrics. These systems possess a high dielectric constant with a broad relaxation peak and a low frequency dispersion. Because of their complexity, there exist various explanations for their dielectric and polarization behavior, but no unifying model. In the present paper we show that the simpler system, ${\mathrm{K}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{Ta}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, is also a relaxor and a generic one at that. We describe its dynamical behavior with a general microscopic model and show that the relaxor behavior is intrinsically due to the dipolar interaction between randomly distributed off-center ions mediated by a highly polarizable lattice.
Wild Type TDP-43 Induces Neuro-Inflammation and Alters APP Metabolism in Lentiviral Gene Transfer Models

The transactivation DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) pathology is associated with fronto-temporal lobar dementia (FTLD) with ubiquitinated inclusions and some cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Proteolytic fragments of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) are detected in AD as well as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from FTLD and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients, suggesting alteration in APP processing. Because of the overlap in TDP-43 pathology between FTLD and AD, we sought to determine whether there is a relationship between TDP-43 and APP metabolism. We generated gene transfer models using lentiviral delivery of human TDP-43 and Aβ(1-42) into the rat primary motor cortex and examined their role 2 weeks post-injection. Expression of TDP-43 and/or Aβ(1-42) increase pro-inflammatory markers, including Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), glial neurofibrillary proteins (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1). Lentiviral Aβ(1-42) up-regulates endogenous TDP-43 and promotes its phosphorylation, aggregation and cleavage into 35 kDa fragments. Inversely, lentiviral TDP-43 expression increases the levels and activity of β-secretase (BACE), accelerating production of APP C-terminal fragments (C99) and Aβ(1-40). Here we show that TDP-43 up-regulates APP metabolism and suggest a mechanistic link between TDP-43 and BACE.
Disproportionate Roles for the X Chromosome and Proteins in Adaptive Evolution

Adaptation requires genetic variation. A complete understanding of this key evolutionary process includes identification of the mutations that confer adaptive change. High-resolution genetic dissection of particular adaptive phenotypes can pinpoint these mutations, but this is a challenging task and
Emerson’s Decomposition: Parnassus

This essay offers a new reading of Emerson’s late redactorial and critical work that evinces a correspondence between bodily and literary decomposition. I argue that the critical value of Parnassus (1874) lies precisely in its demonstration of Emerson’s principles of composition, in particular a late compositional style that I define as Emerson’s “decomposition.” The very difficulty in “authorizing” such a text makes us attend to the role of citation and quotation in Emerson’s work, in larger proprietary questions of nineteenth-century authorship, in the twentieth-century discourse of the “death and rebirth” of the author, and in a current age when digital dissemination threatens copyright value and challenges writers to reconfigure conceptions of creative composition in formally innovative works. A revised formal appraisal of Parnassus , in its classificatory, literary, and biological contexts, is not only instrumental for Emerson scholars, but can also help bridge the ample body of theoretical work on the question of the author with the undertheorized critical study of the anthology as a genre.
The skull of “Sinanthropus” from Zhoukoudian, China: a new reconstruction

Abstract We present a new reconstruction of the skull ofHomo erectusfrom Zhoukoudian, China (“Peking Man”), based on a fuller sampling of facial elements than the classic 1937 reconstruction by Franz Weidenreich and Lucille Swan. All these elements are presumed to be male; the female 1937 reconstruction was based on presumed female specimens. Continuous contact of facial fragments both laterally and vertically—something missing in the earlier version— permits a high degree of confidence in reconstructed facial morphology. The result is distinctly less apomorphic in appearance than its predecessor.
Visualizing Landau levels of Dirac electrons in a one-dimensional potential.

Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study a 3D topological insulator ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ with a periodic structural deformation (buckling). The buckled surface allows us to measure the response of Dirac electrons in a magnetic field to the presence of a well-defined potential variation. We find that while the $n=0$ Landau level exhibits a 12 meV energy shift across the buckled structure at 7 T, the amplitude of this shift changes with the Landau level index. Modeling these effects reveals that the Landau level behavior encodes information on the spatial extent of their wave functions. Our findings have important implications for transport and magnetoresistance measurements in Dirac materials with engineered potential landscapes.
Interaction of Al overlayers with the InP(110) surface

The room-temperature interaction of Al overlayers with the cleaved InP(110) surface has been studied with valence-band and core-level soft-x-ray photoemission spectroscopies. It is shown that for submonolayer coverages, Al interacts weakly with the substrate. In particular, deposition of Al leaves the valence-band spectra devoid of structure other than that characteristic of clean InP(110). The growth mode of the Al overlayer upon sequential deposition of the metal is monitored by changes in the core-level spectra. In particular, Al $2p$ shows peaks with three different binding energies corresponding to three stages of the overlayer growth and reaction with the substrate. These observations are correlated with changes in the In $4d$ spectra, indicating segregation of the metallic In, and behavior of the P $2p$ core line. It is shown that for very low coverages (0.5 \AA{}), the growth of small Al clusters weakly bonded to the substrate atoms dominates the behavior of the interface. The intermediate stage, 0.5 to 2 \AA{}, marks the onset of an Al-In exchange reaction with the segregation of metallic In. For still higher coverages (above \ensuremath{\sim}2 \AA{}), the growth of large Al clusters takes place. These experimental results give strong support to the theoretical model developed recently for the prototype Al/GaAs(110) by Zunger. The Schottky-barrier heights suggested by the core-level shifts are \ensuremath{\sim}0.30 and \ensuremath{\sim}1.10 eV for $n$- and $p$-type InP(110), respectively.
Molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations and cone angles of phosphine ligands

Abstract Molecular mechanics (MM2) calculations were performed on 54 conformations of 18 phosphines (PH3; PH3−nRn, where n = 1,…3, and R  Me and Et, n = 1 or 2 and R iPr, and n = 1 and R =tBu, PMe2Et, PMeEt2, and PPhMe2, and PPh2R where R  Me, Et, iPr, tBu and Ph). The results are compared to those previously obtained from MINDO/3 and MNDO calculations, and to experimental data. Single conformer cone angles and weighted average cone angles were calculated from MM2 optimized geometries employing Tolman's general definition, and they are compared to Tolman's values, MINDO/3 results, and T.L. Brown's ER values. Of the cone angle definitions used, the weighted average values are suggested as the best single representation of phosphine ligand sizes. The steric parameters (cone angle and ER values) alone, and in conjunction with electronic parameters, are correlated with experimental data.
Suicide among alcoholics.

Analysis of recent data from 44 studies indicated that the lifetime risk of suicide among alcoholics is affected by the length of follow-up, in which nation the study was conducted, and the sample ...
Nonparametric Inference and Uniqueness for Periodically Observed Progressive Disease Models

In many studies examining the progression of HIV and other chronic diseases, subjects are periodically monitored to assess their progression through disease states. This gives rise to a specific type of panel data which have been termed “chain-of-events data”; e.g. data that result from periodic observation of a progressive disease process whose states occur in a prescribed order and where state transitions are not observable. Using a discrete time semi-Markov model, we develop an algorithm for nonparametric estimation of the distribution functions of sojourn times in a J state progressive disease model. Issues of uniqueness for chain-of-events data are not well-understood. Thus, a main goal of this paper is to determine the uniqueness of the nonparametric estimators of the distribution functions of sojourn times within states. We develop sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator, including situations where some but not all of its components are unique. We illustrate the methods with three examples.
X-ray spectroscopy using accel-decel at ATLAS

We have demonstrated the capability of the Argonne tandem-linac (ATLAS) for producing decelerated beams for precision X-ray spectroscopy. Beams of 40Ca18,19,20+ were produced by foil stripping at 205 MeV followed by deceleration to 105 and 129 MeV. The ions were directed onto a gas target where X-rays emitted following electron pickup were observed with a Si(Li)detector.
Mail server for PC users

This paper describes the design and development of a software system for exchanging mail between a wide area network (BITNET) and individual personal computer users. Such users need network addresses in order to receive mail; this problem is considered and solved by splitting the user-id, so that a network user can send mail to a personal computer user at a simple address, “user-id@node-id”. Adoption of domain addresses is considered as an alternative method. There is also a description of an access validity mechanism for personal computers, which was developed because of the need to use public telephone lines.The system was installed at the Science University of Tokyo (SUT), and was evaluated by the faculty of Tokyo Denki University. The results of the evaluation are reported at the end of the paper.
Visual assessment of left ventricular perfusion and function with electrocardiography-gated SPECT has high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility among experienced nuclear cardiologists and cardiology trainees

Stress electrocardiography (ECG)-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for assessment of left ventricular perfusion and function improves the confidence of interpretation and enhances specificity for detection of coronary artery disease. The reproducibility of visual interpretation of ECG-gated SPECT images and the significance of training and experience have not been reported previously in a large series of consecutive patients. We evaluated both intraobserver and interobserver agreement of interpretation of ECG-gated SPECT images among 3 cardiology trainees and 3 experienced nuclear cardiologists from 3 institutions. Three nuclear cardiologists and 3 cardiology trainees who had fulfilled American College of Cardiology/American Society of Nuclear Cardiology Core Cardiology Training Symposium (ACC/ASNC COCATS) guidelines for level II training in nuclear cardiology independently evaluated 106 consecutive technetium 99m sestamibi SPECT images with ECG gating of either the stress or rest images. All cases were interpreted blindly, twice in random sequence, without clinical data. We assessed intraobserver and interobserver agreement for myocardial perfusion, left ventricular regional and global systolic function, and overall clinical impression, by means of percent agreement and Cohen’s κ statistic. Intraobserver agreement was good (82%-92%, κ = 0.54-0.84) for assessment of myocardial perfusion, systolic function, and overall impression. Interobserver agreement was also good, ranging from 65% to 90% (κ = 0.32-0.76), with better agreement found for assessment of function (77%-85%, κ = 0.52-0.7) than for perfusion (65%-80%, κ = 0.32-0.6). For all measures, there were no significant differences in reproducibility between nuclear cardiologists and cardiology trainees. Interpretation of ECG-gated SPECT images has high reproducibility and agreement among both nuclear cardiologists and cardiology trainees.
Hepatitis B virus X protein induces EpCAM expression via active DNA demethylation directed by RelA in complex with EZH2 and TET2

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and HBV X protein (HBx) acts as cofactor in hepatocarcinogenesis. In liver tumors from animals modeling HBx- and HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis, downregulation of chromatin regulating proteins SUZ12 and ZNF198 induces expression of several genes, including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). EpCAM upregulation occurs in HBV-mediated HCCs and hepatic cancer stem cells, by a mechanism not understood. Herein we demonstrate HBx induces EpCAM expression via active DNA demethylation. In hepatocytes, EpCAM is silenced by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and ZNF198/LSD1/Co-REST/HDAC1 chromatin-modifying complexes. Cells with stable knockdown of SUZ12, an essential PRC2 subunit, upon HBx expression demethylate a CpG dinucleotide located adjacent to NF-κB/RelA half-site. This NF-κB/RelA site is in a CpG island downstream from EpCAM transcriptional start site (TSS). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate HBx-dependent RelA occupancy of NF-κB half-site, whereas RelA knockdown suppresses CpG demethylation and EpCAM expression. Tumor necrosis factor-α activates RelA, propagating demethylation to nearby CpG sites, shown by sodium bisulfite sequencing. RelA-dependent demethylation occurring upon HBx expression requires methyltrasferase EZH2, TET2 a key factor in cytosine demethylation and inactive DNMT3L, shown by knockdown assays and sodium bisulfite sequencing. Co-immunoprecipitations and sequential ChIP assays demonstrate that RelA in the presence of HBx forms a complex with EZH2, TET2 and DNMT3L, although the role of DNMT3L remains to be understood. Interestingly, the human EpCAM gene also has a CpG island downstream from its TSS, and a NF-κB-binding site flanked by CpGs. HepG2 cells derived from human HCC exhibit demethylation of these NF-κB-flanking CpG sites, and HBV replication propagates demethylation to nearby CpG sites. DLK1, another PRC2 target gene, also upregulated in HBV-mediated HCCs, is demethylated in liver tumors at CpG dinucleotides flanking the NF-κB-binding sequence, supporting that this active DNA demethylation mechanism functions during oncogenic transformation.
Graded-index single-mode polymer waveguide hologram on GaAs substrate for near-infrared twelve-channel wavelength division demultiplexer

A twelve-channel single-mode wavelength division demultiplexer operating at 830, 840, 850, 860, 870, 880, 890, 900, 910, 920, 930 and 940 nm with diffraction angle varying from 10 degree(s) to 65 degree(s) and using a graded index (GRIN) polymer waveguide is reported for the first time on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Diffraction efficiency up to 55% was measured. The wavelength spreading of the Ti:Al2O3 laser (approximately 4 nm, 3 dB bandwidth) causes an average crosstalk figure of -20.5 dB. The beam width of the diffracted signal as a function of the input beam width, the grating interaction length, and the diffraction angle are considered.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A simulation algorithm for ultrasound liver backscattered signals

In this study, we present a simulation algorithm for the backscattered ultrasound signal from liver tissue. The algorithm simulates backscattered signals from normal liver and three different liver abnormalities. The performance of the algorithm has been tested by statistically comparing the simulated signals with corresponding signals obtained from a previous in vivo study. To verify that the simulated signals can be classified correctly we have applied a classification technique based on an artificial neural network. The acoustic features extracted from the spectrum over a 2.5 MHz bandwidth are the attenuation coefficient and the change of speed of sound with frequency (dispersion). Our results show that the algorithm performs satisfactorily. Further testing of the algorithm is conducted by the use of a data acquisition and analysis system designed by the authors, where several simulated signals are stored in memory chips and classified according to their abnormalities.
Effect of water potential on radial colony growth of Armillaria mellea and A. gallica isolates in culture.

Increased incidence of Armillaria root dis- ease on orchard and landscape trees in northern Cal- ifornia may be related to changes in irrigation prac- tices. Continuously moist soil from sprinkler irriga- tion may favor survival and growth of the fungus. The effects of water potential on radial colony growth were tested for two species of Armillaria. Isolates were tested on malt extract agar amended with either KCl or sucrose to control osmotic potential and produce six different water potentials from -0.5 to -8.5 MPa. Eleven Armillaria mellea isolates from orchard crops and hardwood forest trees and three isolates of A. gallica from hardwood forest trees in California grew well between -0.5 and -1.5 MPa water potential. Rates of mycelial growth were 7-10 mm/wk. Below -1.5 MPa mycelial growth of all isolates declined with decreasing water potential. In this study, A. mel- lea, and to a lesser extent A. gallica, were sensitive to changes in water potential in culture.
VEGETATION RETENTION AND VEGETATION-MILK RATIOS OF FALLOUT I-131.

Abstract—Environmental monitoring results for I131 at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the past autumn appear consistent with the reported deposition velocity of 0.5 cm/sec and a rainfall factor on grass of 0.5. Values for the average I131 concentrations in grass and milk at locations in the Brookhaven environs suggest a ratio of 1 μc/kg of grass to 0.070 μc/1. of milk. These values are in approximate agreement with Windscale data.
The Development of the Hope and Coping in Recovery Measure (HCRM)

A large body of research exists on the causes, effects/consequences, and treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). However, studies on recovery from SUD, including its definition, factors, and sustainability, are lacking. The purpose of this study is to identify and assess the factors of recovery from SUD by developing and testing the Hope and Coping in Recovery Measure (HCRM). A principal components analysis revealed two distinct factors (hope and coping) to be present in the process of recovery from SUD. Implications for future research on the recovery process and the HCRM are discussed.
Collaborative Measurement Development as a Tool in CBPR: Measurement Development and Adaptation within the Cultures of Communities

This paper describes the processes we engaged into develop a measurement protocol used to assess the outcomes in a community based suicide and alcohol abuse prevention project with two Alaska Native communities. While the literature on community-based participatory research (CBPR) is substantial regarding the importance of collaborations, few studies have reported on this collaboration in the process of developing measures to assess CBPR projects. We first tell a story of the processes around the standard issues of doing cross-cultural work on measurement development related to areas of equivalence. A second story is provided that highlights how community differences within the same cultural group can affect both the process and content of culturally relevant measurement selection, adaptation, and development.
The effect of modifying patient-preferred spinal movement and alignment during symptom testing in patients with low back pain: A preliminary report

Abstract Van Dillen LR, Sahrmann SA, Norton BJ, Caldwell CA, McDonnell MK, Bloom N. The effect of modifying patient-preferred spinal movement and alignment during symptom testing in patients with low back pain: a preliminary report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:313-22. Objective: To examine the effect on symptoms of modifying patient-preferred movements and alignments of the lumbar spine during patient examination. Design: Repeated-measures study in which patients with low back pain (LBP) participated in a standardized examination that included tests of symptoms with various movements and positions. Setting: Six university-affiliated outpatient physical therapy clinics and the local community. Participants: Five trained physical therapists examined a total of 185 patients (102 women, 83 men; mean age, 41.89[plusmn]13.29y) with LBP. The majority of patients had multiepisode, chronic LBP. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The examination included tests of symptoms with various alignments and movements in several different positions. Seven tests were designated as primary tests. Tests that increased symptoms were followed immediately by a secondary test in which (1) patient-preferred lumbar spine movement was modified or (2) the lumbar spine was positioned in a neutral alignment. Patients reported the effect of the secondary test on symptoms relative to their symptoms with the primary test. Three responses were possible: symptoms increased, remained the same, or decreased. Results: Eighty-three percent of the patients reported an increase in symptoms with 1 or more of the 7 primary tests. Ninety-five percent who reported an increase in symptoms with at least 1 of the primary tests reported a decrease in symptoms with 1 or more of the 7 secondary tests. The majority of patients reported a decrease in symptoms when the spinal movement or alignment was modified for 6 of the 7 secondary tests. Conclusions: Modifying the symptom-provoking movements and alignments of the spine during symptom testing resulted in a decrease in symptoms for the majority of patients. Information about specific modifications that provide relief of LBP symptoms is important because it can be used to design a treatment program that focuses on training a patient to modify the same movements and alignments in their everyday activities. [copy ] 2003 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Comparison of Supercritical Fluid and Soxhlet Extraction Methods for the Determination of Chlorothalonil from Cranberry Bog Soils.

The development and validation of an analytical method to determine the concentration of chlorothalonil from cranberry bog soil using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are reported. A self-built supercritical fluid extractor using CO2 as the supercritical fluid (SCF) was used. The recovery of chlorothalonil was optimized by varying extraction temperature, pressure, time (static and dynamic), organic modifiers, and SCF flow rate. This method was then compared to a Soxhlet extraction procedure. SFE had more consistent performance than the Soxhlet extraction method for the recovery of chlorothalonil from both fortified bog soils and field samples. SFE provided cleaner extracts, had shorter extraction times, and used less organic solvent than the Soxhlet extraction method. This result is consistent with other SFE methods for determining pesticides from various environmental matrices. Thus, SFE is a preferred method for the extraction of chlorothalonil from cranberry bog soil. Keywords: Supercritical fluid ...
The Utility of EEG Band Power Analysis in the Study of Infancy and Early Childhood

Research employing electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques with infants and young children has flourished in recent years due to increased interest in understanding the neural processes involved in early social and cognitive development. This review focuses on the functional characteristics of the alpha, theta, and gamma frequency bands in the developing EEG. Examples of how analyses of EEG band power have been applied to specific lines of developmental research are also discussed. These examples include recent work on the infant mu rhythm and action processing, frontal alpha asymmetry and approach–withdrawal tendencies, and EEG power measures in the study of early psychosocial adversity.
Decision Styles, Values and Characteristics of Women Architects in the United States

Women architects in the USA are generally satisfied with their work and feel that they are successful. Responses to a mailed survey form sent to women members of the American Institute of Architects throughout the USA allows a clear and unique profile of the woman architect to emerge. It appears that women architects have different values to women in general, and to women managers; but close to women engineers' values (with the exception of aesthetic value). There are, however, still many obstacles to be overcome by women architects before they achieve parity of treatment with their male counterparts.
Effect of Warp on the Multiple Equilibria of a Hydrodynamically Coupled Flexible Disk

In this paper, a hydrodynamically coupled flexible disk rotating in a thin housing is mathematically modeled and an attempt is made to explain the jump instability phenomenon that occurs when the disk rotation speed is varied slightly. The disk is assumed to have an initial warped profile due to slight imperfections in the manufacturing process. After non-dimensionalization of the participating variables, a hybrid formulation is carried out. Radial flows above and below the disk are taken into consideration. The deflection and pressure equations form a coupled system, and a solution is attempted using the shooting method. The deflections obtained are plotted to obtain the deflected disk profile and appropriate conclusions are drawn.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes: localization and modulation by Ca2+.

Abstract Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP 3 R) in Xenopus laevis oocytes were localized and their regulation by Ca 2+ was investigated. Antibodies raised against the C-terminal region of the mouse cerebellar InsP 3 R (cAb) cross-reacted with a 255 kD protein in Western blots of Xenopus microsomal membranes. Immunolocalization of this protein in cryosections of oocytes revealed diffuse staining of the cytoplasm, intense staining of the sub-plasma membrane region of the animal hemisphere, and punctate staining in association with the germinal vesicle. In the presence of 40 μM free Ca 2+ , isolated oocyte membranes exhibited a high affinity binding site for Ins 1,4,5-P 3 (K D = 5 nM) and a binding capacity of 450 fmol/mg protein. The specific binding capacity of oocyte membranes for [ 3 H]-Ins 1,4,5-P 3 increased as the level of free Ca 2+ present in binding assays was raised from 50 of 60 nM. Increasing the concentration of free Ba 2+ failed to facilitate [ 3 H]-Ins1,4,5-P 3 binding. Other inositol phosphates competed for Ins1,4,5-P 3 binding sites with approximate IC 50 values of: Ins1,3,4,5-P 4 = 79 nM, Ins2,4,5-P 3 = 455 nM and L -Ins1,4,5-P 3 = 20 μM. In addition, 150 μg/ml (approximately 12 μM) heparin displaced 50% of bound [ 3 H]-Ins1,4,5-P 3 , whereas caffeine (10 mM) had little effect. Functional reconstitution of solubilized InsP 3 Rs into lipid bilayers revealed that Ca 2+ was a necessary co-agonist for activation of the InsP 3 R. When InsP 3 (5 μM) and Ca 2+ (5 μM) were applied together, conductance steps were observed. InsP 3 or Ca 2+ alone had little effect. These results suggest that the subcellular organization of InsP 3 Rs and the facilitation of InsP 3 binding and channel opening by Ca 2+ contribute to the Ins1,4,5-P 3 -mediated Ca 2+ spikes, waves, and oscillations observed in Xenopus oocytes.
Dosimetric Comparison of Photon Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy (SABR) and Proton SABR in the treatment of Prostate Cancer Patients

Dosimetric Comparison of Photon Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy (SABR) and Proton SABR in the treatment of Prostate Cancer Patients L.L. Greer, H. Ning, Y. Zhuge, D. Erickson, A. Kaushal, M. Kamrava, K. Kramer, R. Kiteley, A. Belard, and J.J. O’Connell; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, UCLA Department of Radiation Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD
Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Solid He 3

The nuclear spin relaxation times were measured in solid He/sup 3/ such that they might yield additional information as to the macroscopic propenties which have been attributed to quantum effects. The measurements indicate: (1) In cases where the volume changes with alpha -- beta transition, there are large changes in the relaxation times. (2) In cases where the volume change approaches zero, there are no changes in the relaxation time across the boundary. if there are changes in the diffusion coefficients, there must be compensating changes in other relaxation mechanisms. (3) For temperatures above 1.37 K the alpha - phase behaves as an ordinary solid with a large diffusion coefficient. The relaxation is determined by an activated diffusion of atoms through the lattice. At temperatures somewhat below 1 deg K, the relaxation is much too fast to be explained by the classical diffusive motion of the Bloembergen Purcell, and Pound theory. (B.O. G.)
Fiscal Policy in Good Times and Bad

In the 1980s several countries with large government debt or deficit implemented substantial, and in some cases drastic, deficit cuts. Contrary to widespread expectations, in many cases private consumption boomed rather than contracted. This paper shows that in times of "fiscal stress" shocks to government revenues and, especially, expenditure have very different effects on private consumption than in "normal" times.
Simultaneous Separation of Neutral Organics and Inorganic Anions by Coupling Reversed‐Phase and Ion‐Interaction Chromatography

Abstract Ion‐interaction chromatography is coupled with reversed‐phase HPLC to effect simultaneous separation of inorganic anions and neutral organic species. The column is a standard C18, and the mobile phase is an aqueous combination of typical ion‐interaction and reversed‐phase constituents, an ion‐interaction reagent and an organic cosolvent (methanol). Anions and small, polar, organic mixtures were separated in relatively low methanol content mobile phases (40–60%, v/v) with tetrabutylammonium and tetraheptylammonium ion‐interaction reagents. Mixtures of anions and nonpolar organics (PAHs) required higher methanol content with a relatively hydrophobic ion‐interaction reagent, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. In all cases, mobile phase conditions could be adjusted to allow anions and neutral organics to be separated both between and within classes.
Applications of the sulfinimine-mediated asymmetric strecker synthesis to the synthesis of alpha-alkyl alpha-amino acids.

Addition of Et2AlCN and i-PrOH to ketosulfinimines (N-sulfinyl imines) affords corresponding α-alkyl α-amino nitriles in moderate to good yields. The diastereoselectivity is largely dependent on the E/Z isomer ratio of the ketosulfinimine. Hydrolysis of the diastereomerically pure amino nitriles affords enantiopure α-alkyl α-amino acids in moderate to good yields.
Polymer crystallization induced by sorption of CO2 gas

Previous work has shown that sorption of CO2 at relatively high pressures by glassy polymers reduces their glass transition temperatures and may convert the glass into a rubber under certain conditions. It is shown here that this plasticization by a gas can induce crystallization just as sorption of vapors or liquids is known to do. This point is extensively explored for miscible blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) and to a lesser extent for poly(ethylene terephthalate). In some cases, this secondary crystallization process results in small crystals whose melting endotherms are just above the glass transition and are very similar to peaks resulting from heat capacity overshoots, or enthalpic relaxation, caused by sub-Tg annealing; however, by appropriate techniques peaks arising from these two separate mechanisms can be distinguished. For oriented materials, evidence is shown which demonstrates that the additional crystals formed on CO2 sorption have the same preferential orientation as the original material.
Thyrocardiac Disease—Fact or Fancy?

A review of 55 cases of thyrotoxicosis has been presented. Twenty of these had abnormal chest roentgenograms. The most frequent abnormality was an enlarged aorta, both in its ascending and descending portions. Other less frequent findings were enlarged main pulmonary artery and enlargement of the left ventricle with or without left atrial enlargement Two patients were in frank congestive failure which responded well to treatment of the underlying thyrotoxicosis. An attempt was made to correlate the roentgenographic findings with the circulatory changes brought about by the hyperthyroid state. It seems to this author that thyrotoxic heart disease exists as a definite clinical entity.
Generalized Hartree‐Slater theory: Lower bounds to hartree‐fock energies

A generalization of Hartree theory derived recently provides rigorous upper bounds for the Hartree-Fock energies of electronic systems. Augmentation of this theory by a practical lower bound for correlation-exchange energies yields a generalization of Hartree-Slater theory which provides lower bounds for Hartree-Fock energies.
Treatment matching for obesity: identifying mediators of psychosocial and behavioral intervention components.

In light of the limited long-term success of obesity treatments, it is tempting to consider the elusive goal of ‘treatment matching', in which characteristics of individuals are optimally matched to targeted treatments to improve success. Previous frameworks for treatment matching in obesity have primarily focused on basic physiological characteristics, such as initial degree of overweight, and on treatment intensity, such as stepped-care alternatives (self-help manuals, group support, medication and surgery). Few studies have empirically evaluated the success of these frameworks. Given recent advances in genomics, neuroscience and other fields, both the breadth of domains and combinations of individuals' characteristics that could be used for treatment matching have increased markedly. Although the obesity field seems poised to build on these advances, a crucial challenge remains regarding the treatments themselves. Ultimately, the success of treatment matching will rely on identifying treatment intervention components with well-differentiated and empirically supported mediators, that is, clear insights into how intervention components work. Here we examine the scope of this challenge specifically for the design of efficacious psychosocial and behavioral intervention components, and identify areas for future research.
Characterization of Intermediate Phases Formed Between Solid Nickel and Liquid Zinc During Use as an Encapsulated Phase Change Material in Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems

Of the new material systems under investiga- tion for use in higher temperature phase change material- based solar thermal energy storage (TES) systems, Zn encapsulated in Ni is proposed to increase storage capacity and efficiency by allowing solar TES systems to operate at higher temperatures. However, it is possible that the for- mation of intermediate phases could impede such storage. This study serves to characterize the intermediate phases formed between Zn and Ni at approximately 450 C for various exposure times between 1 and 16 h. Out of four possible intermediate phases present in the Ni-Zn equi- librium phase diagram, only two were found to exist between Ni and Zn upon quenching under experimental conditions. The combined layer thicknesses for each specimen increased with increasing exposure time and ranged from 25 to 335 lm in the specimens exposed 1 and 16 h, respectively. Electron probe microanalysis showed that the compositions of each intermediate phase corre- sponded to the c and d phases of the Ni-Zn equilibrium phase diagram. Electron backscattered diffraction con- firmed the presence of the c and d phases and showed that their structures corresponded to the NiZn3 and Ni3Zn22 structures, respectively.
The contributions of temperament and maternal responsiveness to the mental development of small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants

Abstract This study examined the contribution of infant temperament and mothers' play behaviors to the mental development of 40 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and 32 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. Infant temperament and infant–caregiver interactions in a play and teaching session were assessed at 8 months, and infant mental development was assessed at 12 and 18 months of age. Few group differences emerged in temperament or mothers' behaviors, and no significant differences were found in infants' mental development at 12 or 18 months of age. Temperament and mothers' play behaviors showed distinct patterns of association with infants' mental development within each group. For the SGA infants, reciprocal play and mothers' play quality moderated the relation between infant mental development at 12 months of age and temperament. Within the AGA group, temperament and mothers' play behaviors demonstrated direct effects on infants' mental development. The results are discussed in terms of a transactional model of development.