cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simple method for processing NMR spectra in which acquisition is delayed: applications to in vivo localized 31P NMR spectra acquired using the DRESS technique.

It is a requirement of many localized NMR spectroscopy experiments, such as DRESS, that collection of the free induction decay be delayed a significant time after the middle of the last pulse. This leads to distortion of the spectra and seriously impedes the retrieval of quantitative information from these spectra. A technique is described in which a correction function is derived from the convoluted spectrum and is used to produce a spectrum with much reduced distortion from which quantitative information may easily be obtained by conventional techniques. © 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Circulating Micromegakaryocytes Signaling Blast Transformation of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia

A patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia had numerous micromegakaryocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow appearing coincidentally with the onset of blast crisis. These cells were initially confused with lymphocytes because of their size, configuration and scanty cytoplasm. The true identification of these cells can be suspected by careful scrutiny of well prepared Wrights stained preparations and proven electronmicroscopically. Such marked dysplasia of the megakaryocyte series appears to be a poor prognostic sign in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
High-order WENO simulations of three-dimensional reshocked Richtmyer-Meshkov instability to late times: Dynamics, dependence on initial conditions, and comparisons to experimental data

The dynamics of the reshocked multi-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is investigated using 513 x 257{sup 2} three-dimensional ninth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory shock-capturing simulations. A two-mode initial perturbation with superposed random noise is used to model the Mach 1.5 air/SF{sub 6} Vetter-Sturtevant shock tube experiment. The mass fraction and enstrophy isosurfaces, and density cross-sections are utilized to show the detailed flow structure before, during, and after reshock. It is shown that the mixing layer growth agrees well with the experimentally measured growth rate before and after reshock. The post-reshock growth rate is also in good agreement with the prediction of the Mikaelian model. A parametric study of the sensitivity of the layer growth to the choice of amplitudes of the short and long wavelength initial interfacial perturbation is also presented. Finally, the amplification effects of reshock are quantified using the evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent enstrophy spectra, as well as the evolution of the baroclinic enstrophy production, buoyancy production, and shear production terms in the enstrophy and turbulent kinetic transport equations.
Practice pattern and professional issues of nurse practitioners in mechanical circulatory support programs in the United States: a survey report

Context—Few data-based reports about the role and work environment of advanced practice nurses, specifically nurse practitioners in mechanical circulatory support programs, have been published.Objective—To describe the practice pattern and professional issues confronted by nurse practitioners in the rapidly evolving and expanding mechanical circulatory support programs in the United States.Design—A descriptive research design was employed using the data from the 2010 mechanical circulatory support nurses survey. Quantitative and qualitative data that pertained to the demographic and practice profiles as well as barriers and overall issues faced by the nurse practitioners in their clinical practice were analyzed.Participants—Nonrandom sample of 48 nurse practitioners from 95 mechanical circulatory support programs nationwide.Results—The practice pattern of nurse practitioners in mechanical circulatory support programs is similar to the practice pattern reported for nurse practitioners in acute and critical...
Urinary estrogens I improved method for quantitation of urinary estrogens

Abstract A specific method for quantitation of the three classical urinary estrogens, estrone, estradiol-17β, and estriol is described. The method involves conjugate extraction, enzyme hydrolysis, phenolic separation, thin layer chromatography of the phenolic steroids in a 20% acetone-80% isopropylether system and finally separation and quantitation by gas chromatography. A formation of derivatives is not required. The precision, sensitivity, and specificity of the method are evaluated. Examples of the application of this method are evaluated. Examples of the application of this method are described.
Image Coloration as an Interpretation Aid

Visual interpretation of multispectral images can be facilitated by suitable representations in color space. Continuous transformation possibilities and their application-oriented choice are discussed.
HETEROGENEITY OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

Cell suspensions from draining lymph nodes of immune and nonimmune rats were reacted in vitro with 125I-labeled antigens. In light microscopic radioautographs of smears, 17% of the immunized cells were tagged by specific antigen; 2.0% of control cells were positive. In electron microscopic radioautographs, 90% of the labeled elements from immune donors were lymphocytes, blast and plasma cells; 10% were monocytes-macrophages or other elements, including naked nuclei. 15% of the labeled cells from control materials were lymphocytes and plasma cells, while 85% were monocytes-macrophages and naked nuclei. Within cell suspensions derived from immunized animals there were almost twice as many lymphocytes marked by isotope as plasma cells, and the lymphocytes ranged in morphology from mature monoribosomal elements to immature polyribosomal cells. Antibody-forming cells fixed labeled antigen at their surfaces. The monocyte-macrophage class was distinguished by a high mean grain count and by distribution of grains within cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes.
Database integration with the Web for biologists to share data and information

The Internet has fundamentally changed the way we conduct our business. Even 10 years ago or so, it was not possible to order a book or access a sequence database in another continent using the computer in our office. All these become possible due to the progress in information technology. It is especially important for biologists to realise that information technology has brought us enormous opportunities in sharing our data. In this paper, authors review and introduce the technologies relating to biological data, database, dynamic integration of databases with the World Wide Web (Web hereafter), and data standardisation.
giant is a bona fide gap gene in the intermediate germband insect, Oncopeltus fasciatus

Drosophila undergoes a form of development termed long germ segmentation, where all segments are specified nearly simultaneously so that by the blastoderm stage, the entire body plan has been determined. This mode of segmentation is evolutionarily derived. Most insects undergo short or intermediate germ segmentation, where only anterior segments are specified early, and posterior segments are sequentially specified during germband elongation. These embryological differences imply that anterior and posterior segments might rely upon different molecular mechanisms. In Drosophila, embryos mutant for giant show a gap in the anterior as well fusions of several abdominal segments. In Tribolium, a short germ beetle, giant is required for segmental identity, but not formation, in gnathal segments and also for segmentation of the entire abdomen. This raises the possibility that giant might not act as a gap gene in short and intermediate germ insects. Oncopeltus fasciatus is an intermediate germ insect that is an outgroup to the clade containing Drosophila and Tribolium. We cloned the Oncopeltus homolog of giant and determined its expression and function during segmentation. We find that Oncopeltus giant is a canonical gap gene in the maxillary and labial segments and also plays a gap-like role in the first four abdominal segments. Our results suggest that giant was a bona fide gap gene in the ancestor of these insects with this role being lost in the lineage leading towards Tribolium. This highlights the conservation of anterior patterning and evolutionary plasticity of the genetic regulation controlling posterior segmentation, even in short and intermediate germ insects.
Unexpected Difficult Intubation in a Patient with Prominent Mandibular Tori

Bony exostoses such as mandibular tori are fairly common. They are asymptomatic, benign cortical bony protuberances occurring along the lingular aspect of the mandible. Large tori may interfere with direct laryngoscopy resulting in difficult intubation. This is a case report about a 66 year old, Caucasian male with a Mallampati class I airway who was un-intubatable initially, due to the presence of bilateral mandibular tori that formed a plate of bone beneath his tongue. He was intubated subsequently with the help of an Eschmann bougie.
High‐energy ion implantation of polymers: Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) films were implanted with high-energy (up to 6 MeV) He, C, O, and Ni ions and characterized using DSC, FTIR, and solubility measurements. None of the ions were energetic enough to penetrate the polymer film completely. The effects of ion energy, fluence, and ion type were studied individually. The implantation process lowered the crystallinity, induced crosslinking, and produced carbonyl groups on the polymer. The ion energy (in the range 0.4–4.5 MeV for He ions) had the most drastic effect, the radiation damage was found to increase with decreasing energy. The sample implanted with 0.4 MeV He ions lost 81% of its initial crystallinity and was only 24% soluble, even though the incident ions have a range of only 2.7 μm in this case. The other samples retained most of their initial crystallinity but still were substantially cross-linked. The results can be qualitatively explained by assuming that hydrogen free radicals, produced during implantation, can diffuse throughout the sample and react, resulting in crystallinity and solubility losses beyond the ion deceleration region.
Dynamic Behavior of Nonlinear Cable System. IV

A suitable filter response is defined that allows studies of the effects of excitation bandwidth on the responses of geometrically nonlinear dynamic systems. For such a random excitation, as the bandwidth approaches zero, the mean square displacement response of a linear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system approaches the mean square response to harmonic excitation. Studies of mean square responses of a nonlinear SDOF model of a cable system are presented. The set of nonlinear equations for the response moments are truncated using Gaussian closure and solved using continuation techniques as implemented in the program AUTO. Surfaces of turning point loci are computed in the parameter space of excitation bandwidth, excitation central frequency, and system damping. These surfaces provide values of the three parameters that separate regions with multiple mean square responses from regions with unique mean square responses. Response time histories are computed by simulation to illustrate system behavior in r...
Identification and autoregressive spectrum estimation

In recent years there has been increasing interest in autoregressive spectrum estimation. This procedure fits a finite autoregression to the time series data, and calculates the spectrum from the estimated autoregression coefficients and the one step prediction error variance. For multivariate time series, the estimated autoregressive matrices and one step prediction covariance matrix produce estimates of the spectra, coherences, phases, and group delays. The use of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) for identification of the order of the autoregression to be used makes the procedure objective. Experience gained from analyzing large amounts of data from the biological and physical sciences has indicated that AIC works very well for model identification when compared to more subjective procedures such as the examination of partial F -statistics. This experience has also indicated that using both autoregressive spectrum estimation and classical spectrum estimation and superimposing the plots gives a much stronger feeling for the shape of the true spectrum being estimated. The results of some of these analyses are presented.
Compact Layouts of Banyan/FFT Networks

A two-layer pattern is presented for the crossover pattern that appears as the FFT signal flow graph and in many switching networks like the banyan, delta, or omega nets. It is characterized by constant path length and a regular pattern, providing uniform propagation delay and capacitance, and ameliorating design problems for VLSI implementation. These are important issues since path length grows linearly with the number of inputs to such networks, even though switching delay seems to grow only logarithmically.
An optimal multilayer neural interpolating (OMNI) net in a generalized Fock space setting

As a generalization and extension of the OI (optimal interpolative) artificial neural network, an OMNI (optimal multilayer neural interpolative) net is proposed. An OMNI net is an interconnected system of OI nets in either feedforward, feedback, or recurrent configuration. The synaptic weights for the OMNI net can be calculated by closed-form expressions. For the feedforward configuration a forward-propagation algorithm is described. OMNI nets can be used for classification and interpretation of complex patterns. As an example, an OMNI net model for the six-layer cortical column of the human brain is described. >
The Value of CD64 Expression in Distinguishing Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Monocytic Differentiation From Other Subtypes of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Flow Cytometric Analysis of 64 Cases

Abstract Context.—Flow cytometric immunophenotyping is a useful ancillary tool in the diagnosis and subclassification of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). A recent study concluded that CD64 is sensitive and specific for distinguishing AMLs with a monocytic component (ie, AML M4 and AML M5) from other AML subtypes. However, in that study, the intensity of CD64 was not well defined and the number of non-M4/non-M5 AMLs was small. Objective.—To evaluate the usefulness of CD64 by flow cytometric immunophenotyping in distinguishing AMLs with monocytic differentiation from other AML subtypes. Design.—Sixty-four AMLs subclassified based on the French-American-British and World Health Organization classifications on pretreatment bone marrows were retrieved from our files (7 M0s, 11 M1s, 17 M2s, 7 M3s, 9 M4s, 7 M5s, 4 M6s, and 2 M7s). A standard panel of markers, including CD2, CD3, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD19, CD20, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD56, CD64, CD117, and HLA-DR, were analyzed by flow cytometric i...
Scavenging of Chromium and Cadmium by Aquifer Material — South Farmingdale‐Massapequa Area, Long Island, New Yorka

A plume of ground water enriched by liquid metal-plating effluent has formed downgradient from an industrial park in southeast Nassau County, New York. Discharges from the plant to the shallow aquifer began in the 1940's and continue to the present. Core samples of aquifer material from the plume were analyzed by oxalate extraction and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) extraction methods for the presence of chromium and cadmium. Results of the extraction indicate that for 1 kilogram of soil, the median concentrations of extracted chromium and cadmium in aquifer material are 7.5 and 1.1 milligrams, respectively, and the maximum concentrations are 19 and 2.3 milligrams, respectively.
Is Rorty's neopragmatism the "real" foundation of medical ethics: a search for foundational principles.

Principlism, the predominate approach to bioethics, has no foundational principles. This absence of foundations reflects the general intellectual climate of postmodern relativism. Even America’s foremost public philosopher, Richard Rorty, whose pragmatism might suggest a philosophy of commonsense, seems to be swimming in the postmodern swamp. Alternatively, principlism’s architects, Beauchamp and Childress, suggest a constantly evolving reflective equilibrium with some basis in common morality as a workable framework for twenty-first century bioethics. The flaw in their approach is failure to conform to real doctors’ and patients’ experiences. Real doctors adopt a scientific paradigm that assumes an objective reality. Patients experience real suffering and seek effective cures, treatments, palliation and solace. The foundation of medical ethics should be that doctors altruistically respond to their patients’ suffering using scientifically acceptable modalities. Compassion, caring, and respect for human dignity are needed as guides in addition to justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence and respect for autonomy.
A fast Edge-preserving Bayesian reconstruction method for Parallel Imaging applications in cardiac MRI.

Among recent parallel MR imaging reconstruction advances, a Bayesian method called Edge-preserving Parallel Imaging with GRAph cut Minimization (EPIGRAM) has been demonstrated to significantly improve signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional regularized sensitivity encoding (SENSE) method. However, EPIGRAM requires a large number of iterations in proportion to the number of intensity labels in the image, making it computationally expensive for high dynamic range images. The objective of this study is to develop a Fast EPIGRAM reconstruction based on the efficient binary jump move algorithm that provides a logarithmic reduction in reconstruction time while maintaining image quality. Preliminary in vivo validation of the proposed algorithm is presented for 2D cardiac cine MR imaging and 3D coronary MR angiography at acceleration factors of 2-4. Fast EPIGRAM was found to provide similar image quality to EPIGRAM and maintain the previously reported SNR improvement over regularized SENSE, while reducing EPIGRAM reconstruction time by 25-50 times.
Influence of Situational Factors on Causal Attributions of College Females

144 female college students either competed or cooperated with a male (n = 72) or female (n = 72) partner on a word-generation task. Feedback on success or failure was given following performance. The dependent measures were expectancy of success and causal attribution for success or failure. In general a cooperative-competitive manipulation influenced expectancies and causal attributions in the predicted direction. Women stated higher expectancies of success and were less external in causal attributions in the cooperative than in the competitive condition. However, most predictions with respect to sex of partner or of competitor were not supported. The data suggest that the pattern of causal attribution may not be an enduring personality trait of an individual but varies with the situation and that sex differences in causal attribution may be situation specific.
0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS equalization techniques for 10-Gb/s fiber optical communication links

Limitations in data transmission caused by modal dispersion in fiber-optic links can be significantly improved using equalization techniques. In this paper, two different equalizer implementation approaches are proposed to extend the transmission capacities of existing fiber-optic links. The building blocks of the equalizer including a multiplier cell, a delay line, and an output buffer stage are fully integrated on a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. For the continuous-time tap-delay implementation, a passive LC delay line and an active inductance peaking delay line are compared for performance against process variation, as well as power consumption. In addition, a delay-locked loop is proposed to counter delay variations caused by changes in the process corner. A 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signal is received after transmission through a 500-m multimode-fiber channel, and the signal impairment due to the differential modal delay is successfully compensated using both feed-forward equalizers.
Synchronous triggering of multiple, electrically-isolated vacuum switches using a coaxial transformer

A coaxial transformer-based trigger circuit has been developed to provide high voltage isolation between multiple vacuum switch devices. The circuit, which can be operated from a 5 kV MS32 trigger unit, provides a sufficient drive to the UV trigger electrode in each vacuum switch. The coaxial transformer provides isolation between the trigger electronics and the high voltages associated with the vacuum switch plasma. The transformer also provides isolation between each of the switches. The use of a coaxial transformer in this application makes the overall circuit inductance less critical compared to direct triggering of the switches. The coaxial transformer-based triggering approach enables reliable switching of a number of vacuum switches simultaneously.
Childhood socioeconomic status and host resistance to infectious illness in adulthood.

Objective Low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality primarily attributable to cardiovascular disease. Here, we examine whether childhood SES is associated with adult host resistance to infectious illness, and whether the effect is limited to a critical period of low SES exposure, can be undone by changes in childhood SES, and is explained by adult SES. Methods Three hundred thirty-four healthy volunteers reported their own and their parents' level of education and the ages during their childhood when their parents owned their homes. Volunteers' current home ownership was recorded from real estate records. Subsequently, they were given nasal drops containing 1 of 2 rhinoviruses and were monitored in quarantine for infection and signs/symptoms of a common cold. Results For both viruses, susceptibility to colds decreased with the number of childhood years during which their parents owned their home (odds ratios by tertiles adjusted for demographics, body mass, season, and prechallenge viral-specific immunity were 3.7 for fewest years, 2.6 and 1). This decreased risk was attributable to both lower risk of infection and lower risk of illness in infected subjects. Moreover, those whose parents did not own their home during their early life but did during adolescence were at the same increased risk as those whose parents never owned their home. These associations were independent of parent education level, adult education and home ownership, and personality characteristics. Conclusions A marker of low income and wealth during early childhood is associated with decreased resistance to upper respiratory infections in adulthood. Higher risk is not ameliorated by higher SES during adolescence and is independent of adult SES.
MinC/MinD copolymers are not required for Min function

In Escherichia coli, precise placement of the cytokinetic Z ring at midcell requires the concerted action of the three Min proteins. MinD activates MinC, an inhibitor of FtsZ, at least in part, by recruiting it to the membrane and targeting it to the Z ring, while MinE stimulates the MinD ATPase inducing an oscillation that directs MinC/MinD activity away from midcell. Recently, MinC and MinD were shown to form copolymers of alternating dimers of MinC and MinD, and it was suggested that these copolymers are the active form of MinC/MinD. Here, we use MinD mutants defective in binding MinC to generate heterodimers with wild-type MinD that are unable to form MinC/MinD copolymers. Similarly, MinC mutants defective in binding to MinD were used to generate heterodimers with wild-type MinC that are unable to form copolymers. Such heterodimers are active and in the case of MinC were shown to mediate spatial regulation of the Z ring demonstrating that MinC/MinD copolymer formation is not required. Our results are consistent with a model in which a membrane anchored MinC/MinD complex is targeted to the Z ring through the conserved carboxy tail of FtsZ leading to breakage of FtsZ filaments.
Evaluating Loyalty Constructs Among Hotel Reward Program Members Using eWom

Electronic word-of-mouth has become a driving force for hospitality businesses. Achieving customer loyalty is a primary goal of hospitality businesses, and reward programs are one mechanism for doi...
Summary and Implications

I noted in the introduction to this book how Triandis was frustrated in trying to collect ideas that did not fit the Western mold, and Terry Prothro pointed out to him that researchers’ conceptual and methodological tools are culture bound, and how Western-educated scholars find it difficult to examine their culture from indigenous perspectives (Triandis, 1994). This book addresses that challenge. I have tried to look at my own culture from indigenous perspectives developing models that stand in their own right in their own cultural context without starting from any Western theory and findings. It should not surprise anybody that such knowledge is grounded in the wisdom in the ancient texts that are still being used in India in everyday life. It gives me joy to have served my mentor’s (Dr. Harry C. Triandis) wish that remained unattended for decades, despite much growth in cross-cultural psychology and some growth in indigenous psychology. Scholars have been writing about indigenous psychology for three decades since the late 1970s (Azuma, 1984; Enriquez, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1990, 1993; Hwang, 1987, 1988, 1995, 1997–1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2006; Yang, K. S., 1995, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2006; Yang, C. F., 1996, 2006), but this is the first book-length discussion of any Asian Psychology in English language dealing with an indigenous psychology in its own cultural context (Hwang, 1988, 1995; Yang, C. F., 1996 are in Chinese language), which fills the gap identified by Triandis (1994) in the late 1970s. The book not only recommends what should be done in indigenous psychology, but also delivers on recommendations made about how indigenous psychological research should be done. It makes many other contributions that are summarized below.
Theory and simulation of CSR microbunching in bunch compressors

CSR microbunching instability in bunch compressors is studied both analytically and numerically. The iterative solutions of the integral equation for the instability provide approximate expressions of CSR microbunching due to initial density and energy modulation, and can be applied to a series of bending systems consisting of multiple compressor chicanes and transport lines. Two similar but independent simulation methods are developed and are compared to each other as well as with theory. We determine the total gain in density modulation for all bend systems of the Linac Coherent Light Source and discuss initial conditions that start the unstable process.
The TasP Revolution

Antiretroviral medications are effective in treating HIV infection and are now being used for prevention. The basis for treatment as prevention (TasP) relies on reducing concentrations of HIV in infected persons to the point where they are less infectious. Research has shown that TasP can work, including definitive evidence from clinical trials. There are, however, points of vulnerability by which TasP can fail. This chapter examines these vulnerabilities and offers behavioral strategies to bolster the success of TasP. Optimal implementation of TasP will require minimizing the risks posed by acute HIV infection, assuring treatment adherence, correcting misperceptions and false beliefs about HIV infectiousness, and controlling sexually transmitted coinfections. Three evidence-based interventions that integrate risk reduction counseling and medication adherence are discussed as implementation ready for TasP.
Pathophysiology of Potassium Metabolism

The daily intake of potassium in an average American diet is about 100 mEq. Virtually all of the potassium ingested is absorbed by the gut (less than 10 mEq are excreted in stools) and maintenance of external balance requires the daily renal excretion of an amount of potassium identical to that absorbed from the gut. Potassium is the major cation of the intracellular fluid space. The body distribution of potassium is depicted in Figure 1. Total body content of potassium is approximately 3700 mEq, of which only 50-70 mEq are distributed in the extracellular fluid (ECF), the remainder being confined to the intracellular fluid space (ICF). The bulk of the ICF potassium is contained in muscle cells (≃2800 mEq) and comparably smaller quantities are distributed in skin (≃500 mEq), liver cells (≃100 mEq), and red blood cells (≃250 mEq).
Cercospora Caricis from Cyperus Esculentus (Yellow Nutsedge): Morphology and Cercosporin Production

involved in disease development. The fungus infected plants in the greenhouse and is considered to be a pathogen of yellow nutsedge (Blaney and Van Dyke, unpubl.). Cercospora caricis Oud. is the only Cercospora species previously reported from yellow nutsedge (Boewe, 1964). The objectives of this study were to compare the North Carolina isolates of the fungus with C. caricis collections and to determine if cercosporin was produced in culture. Leaves of yellow nutsedge with dark brown lesions were collected in 1986 from Johnston and Wake Counties in North Carolina. The length and diameter of 100 conidia, conidiophores, and stromata of the fungus from a minimum of 4 different leaves per location were measured, and measurements of structures produced in the field were recorded separately from those produced in moist chambers.
CRT-200.33 Comparison of Platelet Reactivity on Ticagrelor in African-American Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Versus Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Ticagrelor significantly decreases platelet reactivity and improves clinical outcomes compared with clopidogrel, but little is known regarding the effects of ticagrelor upon platelet reactivity in African-Americans (AA) with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We therefore performed pharmacodynamic
The Present Status of Geographic Pricing

W HEN the Supreme Court of the United States in Federal Trade Commission v. The Cement Institute et al.,l upheld the Federal Trade Commission's cease and desist order against The Cement Institute et al.2 it brought to an end one of the major aspects of the basing-point controversy that took on its first formal pattern when the Trade Commission issued its order against the United States Steel Corporation in 1924.3 In the latter case, the Commission ordered U. S. Steel to cease and desist from quoting for sale or selling in interstate commerce at Pittsburgh Plus prices, and from quoting for sale or selling upon any other basing point than the one where the products were manufactured or from which they were shipped.4 The order was based on the charge that the Pittsburgh Plus system of pricing violated section 2 (the original one) of the Clayton Act and section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act. U. S. Steel complied by setting up a number of basing points although this did not mean that it accepted the legality of the order. Indeed, it filed suit to test the matter at a later date but accepted a consent decree5 after the Supreme Court decision in the Cement case. The record in the Steel case and subsequent studies by the Federal Trade Commission indicated clearly the opposition of the Commission to the basing-point
A Bayesian Primer for the Organizational Sciences The “Two Sources” and an Introduction to BugsXLA

When first learning Bayesian statistics, the organizational scholar may be confronted by a number of conceptual and practical challenges. The present article seeks to minimize these by first explic...
Bromocryptine reverses the inhibitory effect of macrophages on human sperm motility

Objective To determine the effects of PRL suppression on the activation of murine peritoneal macrophages and their subsequent effects on human sperm motility. Design Laboratory study. Interventions Mice were treated with subcutaneous implants of 2.5mg bromocryptine pellets 7days before bacillus of calmette and guerin (BCG), a strain of Mycobacterium bovis , injection for activation of macrophages. Bromocryptine treatment, which significantly suppressed circulating PRL levels, continued through the day of peritoneal macrophage collection. Macrophages were subsequently cultured for 4days and culture supernatant was collected. Main Outcome Measures Human sperm were incubated for 4hours in the presence of culture medium or culture supernatant from control and treated mice. Motion analysis was performed at 0, 2, and 4hours. Results A significant decrease in human sperm motility was observed in the presence of culture supernatant from activated murine peritoneal macrophages. After 4hours of incubation, sperm motility decreased from 69%±3% in the nonactivated macrophage control group to 37%±6% in the BCG- activated macrophage group. The suppressive effect of soluble products of activated macrophages on human sperm motility was reversed when mice were rendered hypoprolactinemic with bromocryptine. Motility after 4hours was 56%±3% in the BCG-bromocryptine group. Simultaneous administration of bromocryptine and PRL (100ng per mouse daily) restored the inhibitory effect of soluble products of activated macrophages on sperm motility (36%±5% motile). Conclusions PRL may modulate the deleterious effects of activated macrophages on human sperm motility, thereby suggesting novel and useful methods for the modification of the immune response in early reproduction.
Ionic conductive properties of rabbit proximal straight tubule basolateral membrane

The ionic conductive properties of the nonperfused rabbit proximal straight tubule (S2) basolateral membrane were assessed by microelectrode techniques. The response of the basolateral membrane ele...
Global Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in People with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a global health epidemic. Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the strongest risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events, and their prevalence is reaching epidemic proportions. Studies have continued to reveal the importance of effectively controlling blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Intensive lifestyle modifications have been stressed in several studies to prevent HTN as well as DM in high-risk populations. Statins have been shown in numerous trials to be an integral part of therapy in primary and secondary prevention of CAD. In this chapter, we review the therapeutic options that are available to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HTN and DM.
From the Great Revolt through the 1948 War

The Palestinians and the Zionists were not the only ones to draw lessons from the Great Revolt. The British did as well. The Great Revolt was the first in a series of events that eventually led to the British withdrawal from Palestine. While the British had taken the mandate for Palestine for a number of reasons, high on the list was their belief that control over the area would enhance imperial defense. Ongoing turmoil in Palestine disabused them of this view. Thus, the British ultimately reached the conclusion that, when it came to Palestine, the game was not worth the candle. In addition to the military response described in the previous chapter, the British attempted to find a political solution to their Palestine problem. Two such attempts are particularly significant. In 1937, during a lull in the fighting, the British government appointed a Royal Commission under the direction of Earl Peel, the secretary of state for India. The report of the commission was a shock to everyone involved, including the British government. According to the Royal Commission, the mandate had been premised on the idea that the Palestinian population would acquiesce to the Balfour Declaration once it came to realize the material benefits of Zionist immigration. Instead of welcoming the “civilizing mission” of the Zionists, however, the indigenous population of Palestine resisted Zionist settlement, and the rift between the two communities grew: The estranging force of conditions inside Palestine is growing year by year. The educational systems, Arab and Jewish, are schools of nationalism, and they have only existed for a short time. Their full effect on the rising generation has yet to be felt. And patriotic “youth-movements,” so familiar a feature of present-day politics in other countries of Europe or Asia, are afoot in Palestine. As each community grows, moreover, the rivalry between them deepens. The more numerous and prosperous and better-educated the Arabs become, the more insistent will be their demand for national independence and the more bitter their hatred of the obstacle that bars the way to it. As the Jewish National Home grows older and more firmly rooted, so will grow its self-confidence and political ambition.
OPRM1 Genotype Interacts with Serotonin System Dysfunction to Predict Alcohol-Heightened Aggression in Primates

Although the notion that alcohol promotes violence is widespread, not all individuals are aggressive while intoxicated. Genetic variation could be a contributing factor to individual differences in alcohol-heightened aggression. The present study examines the effects of OPRM1C77G genotype on responses to threat in rhesus macaques under normal conditions and following alcohol administration. Prior studies have shown that a low CSF level of 5-HIAA is a trait marker for individuals prone to escalated aggression. We wanted to examine whether the predictive value for this marker on aggression was moderated by OPRM1 genotype. Animals were administered alcohol (BAC 100-200 mg%), were provoked by a human intruder, and aggressive responses were recorded. Factor analysis was performed to generate aggressive response factors, which were then used as dependent variables for ANOVA, with OPRM1 genotype and CSF 5-HIAA as independent variables. Factor analysis generated three factors ('Threatening', 'Distance Decreasing' and 'High Intensity'). We found that High Intensity aggression was increased among carriers of the OPRM1 G allele, especially among individuals with low CSF levels of 5-HIAA. Aggression in the non-intoxicated state was predicted by 5-HIAA, but not by genotype. This study demonstrates that OPRM1 genotype predicts alcohol-heightened aggression in rhesus macaques with low CSF levels of 5-HIAA. Because OPRM1 variation predicts similar effects on alcohol response and behavior in humans and macaques, this study could suggest a role for OPRM1 genotype in alcohol-heightened aggression in humans. If so, it may be that compounds that block this receptor could reduce alcohol-associated violence in selected patient populations.
PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A CHICKEN TUMOR XIV. RELATION BETWEEN A TUMOR NUCLEOPROTEIN AND THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE

1. The tumor-producing fraction, isolated from Chicken Tumor I by means of differential centrifugation at high speed, has been investigated as regards its power to absorb ultraviolet light. A characteristic absorption spectrum was found, with a maximum at lambda2575. The absorbing power of the material in that region was largely due to the presence of nucleic acid, or of a closely related compound. 2. Inactivation of the purified tumor fraction with ultraviolet light depressed the absorbing power of the material, especially in the region of 2600-2500A. These changes were those which nucleic acid would present under the same conditions. 3. Inactivation of the tumor agent with acid or alkali was accompanied by decomposition of the tumor nucleoprotein and passage of free nucleic acid into solution. 4. Partial or complete inactivation of the tumor agent by heat, at 50 degrees or 65deg;C., was attended by liberation of nucleic acid of low molecular weight. 5. The parallelism between tumor-producing activity and the integrity of the tumor ribonucleoprotein suggests that the nucleoprotein may be an essential part of the active principle.
IDENTIFIABILITY OF DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS

This chapter discusses the criteria of identifiability of distributed parameters. It focuses on the equation –div( a ▽ u ) = f on Q , which arises in the study of aquifer flows or petroleum reservoir modeling. The identification problem consists of determination of a from the data u and f . While most of the efforts are directed toward numerical parameter estimation and the development of stable reliable algorithms, the chapter presents a different issue: if u and f are known everywhere in Q and no measurement errors are present, under which conditions is a uniquely determined by the equation –div( a ▽ u ) = f on Q .
Is cigarette smoke associated with increased catabolism of gemcitabine in patients with advanced solid tumors

2602 Background: Cigarette smoking can accelerate chemotherapy metabolism and result in lower plasma concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent. Reduced drug levels may lead to undertreatment in ...
Rapid Primary Care Follow-up from the ED to Reduce Avoidable Hospital Admissions

Introduction: Hospital admissions from the emergency department (ED) now account forapproximately 50% of all admissions. Some patients admitted from the ED may not requireinpatient care if outpatient care could be optimized. However, access to primary care especiallyimmediately after ED discharge is challenging. Studies have not addressed the extent to whichhospital admissions from the ED may be averted with access to rapid (next business day)primary care follow-up. We evaluated the impact of an ED-to-rapid-primary-care protocol onavoidance of hospitalizations in a large, urban medical center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients referred from the ED to primary care(Weill Cornell Internal Medicine Associates – WCIMA) through a rapid-access-to-primary-careprogram developed at New York-Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical Center. Referrals wereclassified as either an avoided admission or not, and classifications were performed by bothemergency physician (EP) and internal medicine physician reviewers. We also collected outcomedata on rapid visit completion, ED revisits, hospitalizations and primary care engagement. Results: EPs classified 26 (16%) of referrals for rapid primary care fol low-up as avoidedadmissions. Of the 162 patients referred for rapid follow-up, 1 18 (73%) arrived for their rapidappointment. There were no differences in rates of ED revisits or subsequent hospitalizationsbetween those who attended the rapid follow-up and those who did not attend. Patients whoattended the rapid appointment were significantly more likely to attend at least one subsequentappointment at WCIMA during the six months after the index ED visit [N=55 (47%) vs. N=8(18%), P=0.001]. Conclusion: A rapid-ED-to-primary-care-access program may allow EPs to avoid admittingpatients to the hospital without risking ED revisits or subsequent hospitalizations. This protocolhas the potential to save costs over time. A program such as this can also provide a safe andreliable ED discharge option that is also an effective mechanism for engaging patients in primarycare.
HLA--a central immunological agency of man.

This quotation seems particularly appropriate to the way that knowledge of the complexity of human histocompatibility antigens (HLA) has progressed. At one time leukocyte antigens were a tangle of cell surface markers many of which could be identified in only one laboratory; they then took on the appearance of a well-regulated and orderly series of membrane antigens of little interest outside transplantation. With little warning HLA became one of the most precise of all tools for the anthropologist, and now a new horizon of biologic functions and involvements in disease is opening up. Like Topsy, it has “just growed,” and like Pandora’s box it continues to offer unlooked for and sometimes unwanted surprises.
What the Data Shows

The fundamental issue that this chapter’s findings and statistical analysis addresses is whether and to what extent police misconduct in Brooklyn during the years 2006–2010 impacted the City’s civil liability.
“Becoming a Butterfly”: Julia Alvarez's In the Time of the Butterflies as Autoethnography

(2005). “Becoming a Butterfly”: Julia Alvarez's In the Time of the Butterflies as Autoethnography. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 230-245.
Sensory Sensitivity and Food Selectivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Few studies have compared atypical sensory characteristics and food selectivity between children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We compared oral sensory processing between children with (n = 53) and without ASD (n = 58), ages 3–11 years. We also examined the relationships between atypical oral sensory processing, food selectivity, and fruit/vegetable consumption in children with ASD. We found that more children with ASD presented with atypical sensory processing than children without ASD. Among children with ASD, those with atypical oral sensory sensitivity refused more foods and ate fewer vegetables than those with typical oral sensory sensitivity. The findings suggest that efforts to address food selectivity in children with ASD may be enhanced by including strategies that address oral sensory processing.
Peer Observation: Improvement of Teaching Effectiveness through Class Participation at a Polytechnic University

A major goal of peer observation in the classroom is to provide instructors with formative feedback that will improve teaching effectiveness and enhance student learning. Peer observation in higher education has both quality and developmental objectives. Kennesaw State University, formerly Southern Polytechnic State University, offers a voluntary â€œTeaching Partners Programâ€, in which two faculty members meet, observe a period of each otherâ€™s class, reflect, and then discuss strengths and areas where improvements may be warranted. Any faculty member that is teaching at least one section of one course is eligible to participate in the program during a given semester. Faculty members are typically paired with someone from outside of their own department. This paper presents the results of a research study designed to identify which faculty members are most likely to participate and to understand their perceptions about the program. While the majority of those who participated in the program were assistant professors, motivated in part to participate by a desire to strengthen their tenure review packages, nearly all program participants said they would encourage other faculty members to participate in the program. Results from this study may be used to help other institutions develop or strengthen their own peer observation programs and eventually improve teaching effectiveness and enhance student learning.