cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of lysocellin on performance, ruminal and plasma characteristics of growing cattle.

Twenty-four Hereford steers averaging 228 kg initially were used to evaluate four levels of lysocellin (0, 11, 22 and 33 mg/kg diet) when individually fed a corn silage-based diet. Gains were similar for all lysocellin levels over the 112-d study. As lysocellin level increased, there was a linear decrease in dry matter intake and an improvement in feed conversion (P less than .05). Feed to gain ratios were 6.27, 6.14, 5.67 and 5.59 for the 0, 11, 22 and 33 mg/kg of lysocellin treatments, respectively. Molar proportion of acetate was lower (P less than .05) and propionate was higher (P less than .05) for steers fed lysocellin than for controls at d 84. Ruminal fluid concentrations of soluble Cu and Zn were higher (P less than .05) in steers fed lysocellin at 28 and 84 d and increased as lysocellin level increased. Plasma Zn was lower (P less than .05) at both 28 and 84 d in steers fed lysocellin, whereas plasma Cu concentrations were similar for controls and for those fed lysocellin. Both ruminal fluid soluble P and plasma P concentrations were higher (P less than .05) in steers fed lysocellin than in controls at d 84. These results are interpreted to indicate that feed conversion of growing cattle is improved by lysocellin and that metabolism of certain minerals is affected by this ionophore.
Hypertension in Young, Healthy Zucker Obese Rats Is Not Responsive to Reduced Salt Intake

Hypertension in insulin resistant states is, in part, salt and volume dependent. The Zucker obese rat, a model of hypertension associated with insulin resistance, has been shown to exhibit a pressor response to a fourfold increase in NaCl intake, from 1 to 4 g/100 g. However, it is not clear if blood pressure is responsive to less severe manipulations, or if a NaCl restricted diet results in a depressor effect comparable to the pressor effect of adding supplementary NaCl to a normal diet. Consequently, we have determined the effects of NaCl restriction on blood pressure in Zucker lean and obese rats. Twenty-four 6-wk-old female Zucker lean and obese rats were randomly assigned to either a normal diet (1 g/100 g NaCl) or a NaCl restricted (0.26 g/100 g) diet for 4 wk. Direct intra-arterial blood pressure was then measured in conscious, unrestrained animals via a femoral cannula connected to a low volume pressure transducer and physiological recorder. Animals fed both diets grew normally, and there was no effect of diet on either food consumption or growth rate. Blood pressure was significantly higher in the obese than the lean rats. However, reducing NaCl intake had no effect on blood pressure in either group. Heart rate was not significantly different among the 4 groups. These data demonstrate that moderate reductions in dietary NaCl intake are without effect on blood pressure in Zucker obese rats despite their pressor response to large quantities of NaCl.
Detection of cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with new biologicals and targeted cancer therapies from the FDA’s adverse event reporting system

ABSTRACTObjective: To identify and summarize FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with biological and targeted cancer therapies (BTCT) that were approved between 2009 and 2015.Methods: FAERS was searched using each BTCT name as primary or secondary suspect drug and the adverse reaction of PML. Among BTCTs with >2 case reports of PML, proportional reporting ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Results: Among 49 new BTCTs, 82 cases of PML were found for 16 drugs. Significant PRR signals were found among 7 (14.6%) BTCTs including: brentuximab (24.5, CI:14.8-40.6), ofatumumab (16.3, CI:9.6-27.4), alemtuzumab (9.9, CI:6.0-16.4), obinutuzumab (7.4, CI:2.4-22.8), ibrutinib (5.6 CI:3.0-10.5), belimumab (4.5 CI:2.3-9.0), and idelalisib (4.1, CI:1.3-12.6). Among the 82 cases with significant signals, confirmation of the diagnosis of PML using objective criteria was found in 56% of the cases. A limitation of FAERS ...
Low-loss and Broadband G-Band Dielectric Interconnect for Chip-to-Chip Communication

This paper presents a novel dielectric waveguide based G-band interconnect. By using a new transition of microstrip line to dielectric waveguide, the interconnect achieves low insertion loss and wide bandwidth. The measured minimum insertion loss is 4.9 dB with 9.7 GHz 1-dB bandwidth. Besides, the structure is based on standard micromachined processing and easy to integrate with conventional packaging.
Sense Organs and Viscera

This chapter provides a brief overview of the sense organs and viscera that are specifically important to primates. In mammals, bodily functions are orchestrated by the central nervous system—the brain and spinal cord. All organs are intrinsically interconnected functionally and with the brain by the peripheral nervous system. The peripheral nervous system has two functionally distinctive components—the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic or voluntary nervous system combines the peripheral nerve fibers with their ganglia that are connected with the skeletal-muscular system. It transmits to the brain sensations and impulses that are received from external sources. The nerves of the autonomic, or involuntary, nervous system control internal, involuntary muscle activities, such as the beating of the heart, the viscera, and the glands.
Papilloedema secondary to oligodendroglioma

Oligodendrogliomas are rare slow-growing asymptomatic glial tumours that usually present in patients in their fourth to sixth decades of life. Neurological symptoms that may present include nausea, headache, vomiting, diplopia, confusion, focal weakness, numbness and seizures. The treatment of oligodendroglioma tumours is based on functional status classification, lumbar puncture, imaging of the head, tumour biopsy and genetic testing. Grades II and IV oligodendroglial tumours, which have co-deletion of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q) and mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase, have the most favourable prognosis, as they respond well to neurosurgery and chemotherapy. This report will discuss a general case of papilloedema in a young patient with oligodendroglioma and the role of the optometrist in its post-neurosurgical and chemotherapeutic care.
EBM vs. EBM: combining evidence-based and experienced-based medicine in resuscitation research.

Purpose of review To discuss the clear rationale for evidence-based medicine (EvBM) in the challenging realms of resuscitation research, yet also provide case examples in which even the well designed, multicentered randomized clinical trial may have had unrecognized limitations, and thus misleading results. This is where experienced-based medicine (ExBM) helps to resolve the issue. Recent findings Recent publications have brought to task the conclusions drawn from various clinical trials of resuscitative interventions. These articles have indicated that some major clinical trials that later determined the universal guidelines for resuscitative protocols may have been affected by unrecognized confounding variables, effect modifiers and other problems such as delayed timing. Many interventions, deemed to be ineffective because of these study factors, may actually have lifesaving effects that would have been confirmed had the proper circumstances been in place. With the right mindset, the clinician-researcher can often identify and address those situations. Summary When clinical trials indicate ineffectiveness of an intervention that worked very well in other circumstances, both preclinical and clinical, clinician-investigators should continue to re-search the issues and not always take conclusions at face value.
Optomechanics in bulk crystalline phonon resonators

Shaping photon-phonon coupling in bulk crystalline solids, we demonstrate a new paradigm for coherent optomechanical interaction with access to high frequency (>10 GHz) ultra-high quality factor (40 × 106) phonon modes. Both experiment and theory are presented.
Chaotic dynamics : fractals, tilings, and substitutions

This undergraduate textbook is a rigorous mathematical introduction to dynamical systems and an accessible guide for students transitioning from calculus to advanced mathematics. It has many student-friendly features, such as graded exercises that range from straightforward to more difficult with hints, and includes concrete applications of real analysis and metric space theory to dynamical problems. Proofs are complete and carefully explained, and there is opportunity to practice manipulating algebraic expressions in an applied context of dynamical problems. After presenting a foundation in one-dimensional dynamical systems, the text introduces students to advanced subjects in the latter chapters, such as topological and symbolic dynamics. It includes two-dimensional dynamics, Sharkovsky's theorem, and the theory of substitutions, and takes special care in covering Newton's method. Mathematica code is available online, so that students can see implementation of many of the dynamical aspects of the text.
Patient preferences for antiretroviral therapy: effectiveness, quality of life, access and novel delivery methods

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to understand patient preferences for contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) by focusing on three areas that have been understudied: minority patients (racial/ethnic and sexual minorities), experience with novel single-tablet regimens made available in the last 10 years, and patient concerns related to ART. The rationale was that identifying ART characteristics that are most desirable could inform provider prescribing practices, increase the use of patient-centered ART, maximize durability and ART adherence, and ultimately improve HIV outcomes, such as viral suppression and AIDS-related comorbidities. METHODS We recruited English- and Spanish-speaking persons living with HIV (PLWH) who were ≥19 years of age or older and had initiated ART after January 1, 2006, until saturation was reached (n=28). We excluded patients who had started on ART more than 10 years earlier, in order to ensure responses were relevant to more contemporary ART regimens. We recruited racial/ethnic and sexual minorities, including men who have sex with men and transgender participants, to reflect the current HIV epidemic. Nominal group technique was used to identify and prioritize preferences and concerns. Multi-voting analysis was used to quantify responses from most important (5 points) to least important (1 point). RESULTS For 28 diverse participants, clinical outcomes (162 points) and quality of life (120 points) were preferred. Hispanic participants were more concerned about accessibility than non-Hispanic (3.8 vs 1.9 average points/participant). DISCUSSION HIV-infected persons prioritize access, clinical outcomes, and quality of life when considering contemporary ART treatment. Providers, insurers and policy makers should incorporate these preferences when making decisions about ART.
From lignocellulose to biocomposite: Multi-level modelling and experimental investigation of the thermal properties of kenaf fiber reinforced composites based on constituent materials

Abstract Natural fibers (such as kenaf) have garnered interest recently for use in composites because of their relatively high specific properties, low cost, and low environmental impact. Their thermal property information is limited, lacking experimental data on key properties such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, and CTE of the component fiber. This paper presents, for the first time, the thermal property data on kenaf fiber reinforced composites, and an approach to obtain the composite thermal properties based on constituent properties. Individual, plant-based fibers were measured independently and were then used to inform successful predictions of the effective thermal conductivity of the fiber reinforced composites. A unit cell model has been developed to predict the thermal properties of a planar, randomly oriented kenaf fiber-reinforced composite (near 22% volume fraction loading), which includes the effect of void content on the predicted thermal conductivity. A lower-level model is also developed for individual fiber thermal properties based on its constituents (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose). To validate this multi-level model, experimental measurements of the thermal diffusivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and specific heat for the composite, the matrix, and the fibers were performed in the range from 30 °C to 160 °C, based on TMA, DSC, LFA, and transient electro-thermal (TET) techniques. Model results compare favorably with the experimental data, and are consistent with FEM modelling results based on fiber properties and fiber constituent materials (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose). This approach provides the basis for understanding component contribution to the fiber properties, as well as a technique to obtain fiber composite thermal property based on component properties. The composite thermal property data also fills an information gap and can be directly used in component design.
pH-Responsive Mercaptoundecanoic Acid Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Applications in Catalysis.

Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNP-MUA) were synthesized and demonstrated to possess pH-triggered aggregation and re-dispersion, as well as the capability of phase transfer between aqueous and organic phases in response to changes in pH. The pH of aggregation for AuNP-MUA is consistent with the pKa of MUA (pH ~4) in solution, while AuNP-MUA phase transition between aqueous and organic phases occurs at pH ~9. The ion pair formation between the amine group in octadecylamine (ODA), the carboxylate group in MUA, and the hydrophobic alkyl chain of ODA facilitates the phase transfer of AuNP-MUA into an organic medium. The AuNP-MUA were investigated as a reusable catalyst in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol by borohydride-a model reaction for AuNPs. It was determined that 100% MUA surface coverage completely inhibits the catalytic activity of AuNPs. Decreasing the surface coverage was shown to increase catalytic activity, but this decrease also leads to decreased colloidal stability, recoverability, and reusability in subsequent reactions. At 60% MUA surface coverage, colloidal stability and catalytic activity were achieved, but the surface coverage was insufficient to enable redispersion following pH-induced recovery. A balance between AuNP colloidal stability, recoverability, and catalytic activity with reusability was achieved at 90% MUA surface coverage. The AuNP-MUA catalyst can also be recovered at different pH ranges depending on the recovery method employed. At pH ~4, protonation of the MUA results in reduced surface charge and aggregation. At pH ~9, ODA will form an ion-pair with the MUA and induce phase transfer into an immiscible organic phase. Both the pH-triggered aggregation/re-dispersion and aqueous/organic phase transfer methods were employed for catalyst recovery and reuse in subsequent reactions. The ability to recover and reuse the AuNP-MUA catalyst by two different methods and different pH regimes is significant, based on the fact that nanoparticle-catalyzed reactions may occur under different pH conditions.
Im richtigen Leben: die wichtigste Lektion von allen

Auf allen Seiten dieses Buches druckt sich meine Begeisterung daruber aus, was wir von den Laborratten lernen konnen. Ausloser dafur waren die interessanten und adaptiven Reaktionen, die Ratten bei den verschiedensten Tests an den Tag legen. Doch so sehr mich die Laborratten auch beeindrucken, ich denke immer wieder uber wilde Ratten nach. Gegenwartig habe ich nicht genugend Material, um auch uber sie ein Buch zu schreiben, da so viel mehr Forschung im Labor als im Feld durchgefuhrt wird. Einige Forschungen und Beobachtungen an wilden Ratten jedoch gibt es, die uns weitere Informationen uber unsere Saugetierherkunft verschaffen. In den bisherigen Kapiteln habe ich zwar hier und da einige Fakten uber wilde Ratten eingestreut, doch in diesem Kapitel werden wir uns vornehmlich auf sie konzentrieren und uns mit der Frage beschaftigen, welchen Preis die Domestikation fur Ratten wie Menschen hatte. Diese Analyse wirft einige grose Fragen zu den Folgen von Industrialisierung, modernen Konventionen und allzeit verfugbaren, Einfluss auf das Gehirn nehmenden Medikamenten auf und dazu, wie sie sich auf die immerwahrende Evolution unseres Gehirns und unserer Fahigkeiten auswirken.
Determining Team Hierarchy from Broadcast Communications

Broadcast chat messages among team members in an organization can be used to evaluate team coordination and performance. Intuitively, a well-coordinated team should reflect the team hierarchy, which would indicate that team members assigned with particular roles are performing their jobs effectively. Existing approaches to identify hierarchy are limited to data from where graphs can be extracted easily. We contribute a novel approach that takes as input broadcast messages, extracts communication patterns—as well as semantic, communication, and social features—and outputs an organizational hierarchy. We evaluate our approach using a dataset of broadcast chat communications from a large-scale Army exercise for which ground truth is available. We further validate our approach on the Enron corpus of corporate email.
A combination of transcription factors mediates inducible interchromosomal pairing

Remodeling of the three-dimensional organization of a genome has been previously described (e.g. condition-specific pairing or looping), but it remains unknown which factors specify and mediate such shifts in chromosome conformation. Here we describe an assay, MAP-C (Mutation Analysis in Pools by Chromosome conformation capture), that enables the simultaneous characterization of hundreds of cis or trans-acting mutations for their effects on a chromosomal contact or loop. As a proof of concept, we applied MAP-C to systematically dissect the molecular mechanism of inducible interchromosomal pairing between HAS1pr-TDA1pr alleles in Saccharomyces yeast. We identified three transcription factors, Leu3, Sdd4 (Ypr022c), and Rgt1, whose collective binding to nearby DNA sequences is necessary and sufficient for inducible pairing between binding site clusters. Rgt1 contributes to the regulation of pairing, both through changes in expression level and through its interactions with the Tup1/Ssn6 repressor complex. HAS1pr-TDA1pr is the only locus with a cluster of binding site motifs for all three factors in both S. cerevisiae and S. uvarum genomes, but the promoter for HXT3, which contains Leu3 and Rgt1 motifs, also exhibits inducible homolog pairing. Altogether, our results demonstrate that specific combinations of transcription factors can mediate condition-specific interchromosomal contacts, and reveal a molecular mechanism for interchromosomal contacts and mitotic homolog pairing.
P148 Precise definition of HLA-antibody by ruling out false positive reactivity from luminex single antigen assay in supporting succesful thoracic organ transplantation

Aim False positive antigen specificities (FPAS) from the Luminex Single Antigen (LSA) Assay are difficult to identify due to multiple interfering factors and various corresponding resolving approaches. Over calling antibodies limits a patient’s access to deceased donor organs and can result in erroneous immune therapy. Here we report how to properly identify and resolve FPAS from LSA assays to precisely provide HLA-antibody results in supporting Thoracic Organ Transplantation (TOT). Methods We retrospectively studied 66 TOT cases that had suspected FPAS reactions with LSA assays. The initial antibody work up was tested by LSA and FlowPRA Screening Beads. Discordance between the two assays and/or ambiguity were verified by Luminex Phenotype Beads. LSA was used for all antibody follow up. If an obvious antibody increase was observed, further investigation for sensitizing events and/or possible interfering medication (such as IvIg), warranted additional testing. Detailed approaches for FPAS identification and resolution are listed in Table 1a. Results Of the 66 FPAS cases, 56 (85%) were caused by denatured antigen (dAg) and 10 (15%) were due to IvIg infusion. The distribution of complete FPAS and partial FPAS (the mixture of true positive and FPAS) from dAg and IvIg were almost equal, 54% vs 46% and 50% vs 50%, respectively. The FPAS dAg patterns with highest occurring frequencies were Cw1, Cw12, Cw15 (27%) from class I and DP1, DP11, DP13, DP6, DQ4 (34%) from class II. The elimination of FPAS reduced the average PRA by 67% from dAg and 78% from IvIg interference. 22 cases received TOT after FPAS were ruled out (Table 1b). Conclusions FPAS is the prevalent issue of LSA when false negativity is eliminated by serum EDTA treatment. Alternative assays by multiple platforms, supplementary LSA data analysis, and referencing clinical records are warranted for ruling out FPAS. This provides precise antibody testing results for successful access to TOT.
Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Updated Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines for Average-Risk Women.

Abstract Background Several specialty societies have recently updated their breast cancer screening guidelines in late 2015/early 2016. Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of US-based mammography screening guidelines. Methods We developed a microsimulation model to generate the natural history of invasive breast cancer and capture how screening and treatment modified the natural course of the disease. We used the model to assess the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies, including annual screening starting at the age of 40 years, biennial screening starting at the age of 50 years, and a hybrid strategy that begins screening at the age of 45 years and transitions to biennial screening at the age of 55 years, combined with three cessation ages: 75 years, 80 years, and no upper age limit. Findings were summarized as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (cost per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]) and cost-effectiveness acceptability frontier. Results The screening strategy that starts annual mammography at the age of 45 years and switches to biennial screening between the ages of 55 and 75 years was the most cost-effective, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $40,135/QALY. Probabilistic analysis showed that the hybrid strategy had the highest probability of being optimal when the societal willingness to pay was between $44,000/QALY and $103,500/QALY. Within the range of commonly accepted societal willingness to pay, no optimal strategy involved screening with a cessation age of 80 years or older. Conclusions The screening strategy built on a hybrid design is the most cost-effective for average-risk women. By considering the balance between benefits and harms in forming its recommendations, this hybrid screening strategy has the potential to optimize the health care system’s investment in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer.
A 52-Year-Old Man with Proximal Limb Weakness and Hand Stiffness

Myotonic dystrophy is the most common muscular dystrophy seen in adults. It is an autosomal dominant disease. It is a unique muscular dystrophy characterized by multisystem involvement, clinical and EMG myotonia, RNA toxicity as the disease-causing mechanism, and lack of dystrophic changes on muscle biopsy. It has two types: myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). Here we present a patient with DM2, whose initial clinical presentation is mild and non-specific. The DM2 diagnosis was suspected based on the muscle biopsy findings and confirmed by the gene test.
Can cell therapies halt cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients?

A pilot study of COVID-19 patients treated with mesenchymal stem cells demonstrates safety.
Mass transport in nanoarray monolithic catalysts: An experimental-theory study

Abstract Reducing the mass transfer resistance globally of a catalyst is a key to enhancing the catalytic reaction kinetics and fully utilizing the catalyst activity. Despite the success in tailoring the external mass transfer in the widely studied washcoat monoliths, the internal mass transfer resistance is difficult to be reduced due to the requirement of increasing macroporosity while maintaining high specific surface area and mechanical stability. Therefore, nanostructured array-based monolithic catalysts (nanoarray catalysts) have been developed in the past decade as a promising class of structured catalysts that may complement or substitute washcoat catalysts. This work fundamentally elucidates the enhanced mass transport properties of the nanoarray monolithic catalysts by a combination of experimental measurements and theoretical modeling. Using a low-dimensional model, the relative contributions of resistances were quantified in terms of chemical kinetics, internal and external mass transfers based on a probe model of C2H4 oxidation over the TiO2 supported Pt-based monolithic catalysts. The nanoarray catalysts displayed a lower internal mass transfer resistance than the washcoat counterparts as a result of the high macroporosity and small thickness of nanoarray layers. The nanoarray configuration provides a new pathway towards designing high-performance monolithic reactors and catalysts with low internal diffusion limitations for various gas phase reactions.
Variability of Cutting and Thermal Dynamics Between New and Used Acetabular Reamers During Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component remains one of the leading causes of early failure of total hip arthroplasty. Poor apposition of bone onto the implant surface can be due to inaccurate reaming and osteonecrosis of the acetabular bone due to the heat generated while reaming. Methods New and used acetabular reamers were tested on an MTS system using a clinically relevant force of 87.6 N. A thermal profile and depth achieved by the reamers were analyzed and compared between the 2 cohorts. Heat generated and force required for the community used reamers to achieve the same depth as the new reamers were subsequently analyzed. Results The new reamers achieved a depth 3.4 mm deeper than the community reamers (P Conclusions Community use of reamers will cause variations in depth of penetration and increased temperatures at a clinically generated force vs new reamers. When community reamers were forced to the same depths the new reamers achieved, a significantly greater amount of heat was generated, and an increased amount of time was needed, both of which are known risk factors for osteonecrosis.
Simulating use of foam in aquifer remediation

Foams, long studied in the petroleum industry, can enhance the efficiency of groundwater-remediation processes by diverting the flow of gases and remediation liquids to contaminant plumes. This report summarizes laboratory study of foam under conditions relevant to groundwater remediation and simulation of field applications based on parameters fit to laboratory data.
Misses y concursos de belleza indígena en la construcción de la nación ecuatoriana

Este articulo explora las dimensiones raciales, etnicas y de clase de los concursos de Miss Ecuador y de concursos indigenas de belleza. Estos eventos se prestan para analizar la persistencia de proyectos de blanqueamiento en algunas formas de representacion de la nacion ecuatoriana. El articulo pone en dialogo varios estudios sobre concursos de belleza para explorar las inclusiones y exclusiones en el canon de belleza predominante y en las alternativas al mismo.
Verification of FM9801: An Out-of-Order Microprocessor Model with Speculative Execution, Exceptions, and Program-Modifying Capability

We have verified the FM9801, a microprocessor design whose features include speculative execution, out-of-order issue and completion of instructions using Tomasulo's algorithm, and precise exceptions and interrupts. As a correctness criterion, we used a commutative diagram that compares the result of the pipelined execution from a flushed state to another flushed state with that of the sequential execution. Like many pipelined microprocessors, the FM9801 may not operate correctly if the executed program modifies itself. We discuss the condition under which the processor is guaranteed to operate correctly. In order to show that the correctness criterion is satisfied, we introduce an intermediate abstraction that records the history of executed instructions. Using this abstraction, we define a number of invariant properties that must hold during the operation of the FM9801. We verify these invariant properties, and then derive the proof of the commutative diagram from them. The proof has been mechanically checked by the ACL2 theorem prover.
Isolation of aggresomes and other large aggregates

Upon permanent stresses and in various diseases, small protein aggregates may accumulate in cells and cause toxicity. A recently discovered protective system transports these aggregates to the centrosome location via microtubules, to form a large agglomerate of aggregates called the aggresomes. Here, we describe a newly developed method for isolating aggresomes. This principle can also be used for purification of other large structures and even organelles.
UTILIZATION OF VIDEO MODELING COMBINED WITH SELF‐MONITORING TO INCREASE RATES OF ON‐TASK BEHAVIOR

The study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention package consisting of self-monitoring and video modeling to increase on-task behavior during independent seatwork time in math. Four students in either the second or third grade, identified as displaying high rates of off-task behavior by their classroom teacher, were included in the study. Results showed immediate, large, and durable changes in on-task behavior for each of the four participants. At baseline, on-task behavior of the participants while working on independent math assignments was displayed in 47% of the intervals observed. During the intervention, the participants' average rate of on-task behavior increased to 85% of the intervals observed. Mean Busk and Serlin (1994) effect size for all four participants was 5.60, with a percentage of non-overlapping data points effect size of 100%. Observations of the participants 3 weeks following the termination of the study showed that the gains in on-task behavior were maintained. Both teacher and participant feedbacks concerning the use and effectiveness of the intervention package were positive. Results of the investigation suggest that the intervention package may be an effective and socially valid method for addressing off-task behaviors of students within the classroom. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Security services provided by the IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments standards: Limitations and implications for intelligent cooperative driving and autonomous connected vehicles

The Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) suite of standards has been developed to support a wide range of safety-related applications. Security and privacy concerns have significant implications for these applications. The standards and recent related research provide various mechanisms to address privacy concerns, as well as threats to integrity and confidentiality. However, the underlying approaches in the WAVE standards limit the ability to mitigate attacks on the availability of the network. Consequently, these applications must be capable of not only detecting attacks, but also of responding to attacks by switching to a degraded mode that can safely operate without reliance on data provided via WAVE messages.
Gravitational Radiation from Rotating Stellar Core Collapse

The gravitational collapse of a rotating stellar core has long been considered a promising burst source of gravitational radiation. In order to determine accurately the gravitational waveform from the collapse and the efficiency of the collapse in converting binding energy into gravitational radiation, it is necessary that a simulation accurately model certain features of the collapse. One purpose of this paper is to examine the scenario for supernova core collapse, and from it determine what must be simulated to achieve accuracy in the waveform and efficiency.
The immunology of rotavirus infection in the mouse.

Publisher Summary The rotaviruses represent a major health concern, and a detailed understanding of viral immunity is desirable for the development of a vaccine. The most extensively studied model of rotavirus immunity is that provided by infection of mice with murine rotaviruses. This chapter addresses the initial discovery of the murine rotavirus and the development of the murine model of rotavirus infection, the state of the current understanding about rotavirus immunology in the mouse, and issues related to treatment of and protection from rotavirus infection that have been raised as a result of studying the murine model. The study of rotavirus immunity is subdivided by first addressing the development and characteristics of the humoral and cellular responses, followed by description of the effector mechanisms of rotavirus immunity, and studies of passive and active protection of mice from rotavirus infection.
Metabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and cancer

The term metabolic syndrome describes the association between obesity, insulin resistance, and the risk of several prominent chronic diseases, including cancer. The causal link between many of these components remains unexplained, however. What is clear are the events that precede the development of the syndrome itself. In animal models, a fat-supplemented diet causes 1) lipid deposition in adipose depots, 2) insulin resistance of liver and skeletal muscle, and 3) hyperinsulinemia. One hypothesis relating fat deposition and insulin resistance involves enhanced lipolysis in the visceral depot, which leads to an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) flux. Increased mass of stored lipid and insulin resistance of visceral adipocytes favors lipolysis. Additionally, hypersensitivity of visceral adipose cells to sympathetic nervous system stimulation leads to increased lipolysis in the obese state. However, little evidence is available for enhanced plasma FFA concentrations in the fasting state. We measured FFA concentrations over a 24-h day in obese animals and found that plasma FFAs are elevated in the middle of the night, peaking at 0300. Therefore, it is possible that nocturnal lipolysis increases exposure of liver and muscle to FFAs at night, thus causing insulin resistance, which may play a role in hyperinsulinemic compensation to insulin resistance. Nocturnal lipolysis secondary to sympathetic stimulation may not only cause insulin resistance but also be responsible for hyperinsulinemia by stimulating secretion and reducing clearance of insulin by the liver. The resulting syndrome-elevated nocturnal FFAs and elevated insulin-may synergize and increase the risk of some cancers. This possible scenario needs further study.
MEN WANT EQUALITY, BUT WOMEN DON'T EXPECT IT: YOUNG ADULTS' EXPECTATIONS FOR PARTICIPATION IN HOUSEHOLD AND CHILD CARE CHORES

This study explored whether there was a discrepancy between young adults' ideal and expected participation in household and child care chores as well as what variables predicted expectations for future chore division. Three-hundred fifty-eight unmarried, heterosexual participants with no children completed an online questionnaire assessing the percentage of chores they ideally wished to, and actually expected to, complete in addition to measures of individual differences. Results showed that, although men desired and expected an egalitarian division of labor, women projected that they would actually engage in a disproportionate amount of the household labor and child care. Additionally, women, but not men, expected to do significantly more chores than they ideally wanted. Women with more liberal feminist attitudes ideally wanted to, and expected to, do fewer household and child care chores, whereas men with liberal feminist attitudes ideally wanted to, and expected to, do more. The importance of finding a...
A comparative study of the reaction dynamics of several potential energy surfaces for O(3P)+H2→OH+H. II. Collinear exact quantum and quasiclassical reaction probabilities

Exact quantum and quasiclassical reaction probabilities for the collinear O(3P)+H2 reaction are presented for five potential energy surfaces. These surfaces include the diatomics‐in‐molecules surface of Whitlock, Muckerman, and Fisher, the LEPS surface of Johnson and Winter, the ab initio fitted surface of Schinke and Lester, the ab initio fitted surface of Schatz, Wagner, Walch, and Bowman, and a modification of this last surface newly reported here. On each surface, the quantum and quasiclassical probabilities are compared and interpreted. A vibrationally adiabatic analysis based on recent work by Pollak proves useful in interpreting the dynamic thresholds and quantum oscillations in the reaction probability and other features. A systematic variation in both the quantum and quasiclassical reaction probabilities with the saddle point location of the surface is observed.
The ontogeny of sex appeal in Drosophila melanogaster males.

Drosophila melanogaster males are sexually attractive when they are young, but they elicit very little courtship when they are 2–3 days old. We have shown that males from a Canton-S stock start to lose their sex appeal between 3 and 4 h after they eclose from their pupal cases because they have begun to synthesizecis-vaccenyl acetate, an inhibitory pheromone, by that time. Later, when the young males are between 20 and 24 h old, mature males perform even less courtship because the young males have begun to produce less of a courtship-stimulating pheromone.
Cutaneous North American Blastomycosis and Black Dots

The presence of black dots may be an aid in the diagnosis of blastomycosis of the skin. Degeneration of papillary blood vessels leads to extravasation of red blood cells. The cells are found in the dermis and between epidermal cells.
Procedure for uniform binding of DNA to nitrocellulose filters

Abstract Techniques have been developed whereby it is possible to bind DNA uniformly to a large number of nitrocellulose filters. This was accomplished by loading the DNA onto one large filter (90 mm) and punching a large number of small filters (6 mm) from it.
Scattering and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation by Infinite Cylinders

Expressions suitable for machine computation are presented for the scattering and absorbing properties of infinitely long, dielectric, and conducting cylinders. These properties include the amplitude functions, the angular distribution of scattered light, and the scattering and absorbing cross sections for both parallel and perpendicular polarized light. Illustrative calculations were carried out for real indices of refraction of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 at circumference to wavelength ratios of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0.
SU‐GG‐AUD‐09: On the Impact of Functional Imaging Accuracy (Sensitivity and Specificity) On Selective Boosting IMRT

Purpose: To quantify the impact of loss in functional imaging sensitivity and specificity on tumor control and normal tissue toxicity for selective boosting IMRT.Methods and materials: Four selective boosting scenarios were designed: SB91‐81 (EUD=91Gy for the high risk tumor subvolume (nodule) and EUD=81Gy for a remaining low risk PTV (rPTV)), SB80‐74, SB90‐70, and risk‐adaptive optimization. For each sensitivity loss level, the loss in tumor control probability (ΔTCP) was calculated. For each specificity loss level, the increase in rectal and the bladder toxicity was quantified using the radiobiological indices (equivalent uniform dose (EUD) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)) and physical indices (%‐volumes). Results: The impact of loss in sensitivity on local tumor control was maximized as the dose level for rPTV had a lower value. The SB90‐70 plan had a ΔTCP= 93.8 %, for the SB91‐81 plan ΔTCP = 26.8 %, while for risk‐adaptive optimization ΔTCP= 8.0 %. Independent of planning technique, loss in functional imaging specificity appears to have a minimal impact on the expected normal tissue toxicity since an increase in rectal or bladder toxicity as a function of loss in specificity was not observed. Additionally, all plans fulfilled the rectum and the bladder sparing criteria found in the literature for late rectal bleeding and genitourinary complications. Conclusions: Our study shows that the choice of a low‐risk classification for the rPTV in selective boosting IMRT may lead to a significant loss in TCP. Furthermore, it appears that in order to improve the therapeutic ratio a functional imaging technique with a high sensitivity, rather than specificity, is needed.
Development of Continuous and Discrete Neural Maps

Two qualitatively different kinds of neural map have been described: continuous maps exemplified by the visual retinotopic map, and discrete maps exemplified by the olfactory glomerular map. Here, we review developmental mechanisms of retinotopic and olfactory glomerular mapping and discuss underlying commonalities that have emerged from recent studies. These include the use of molecular gradients, axon-axon interactions, and the interplay between labeling molecules and neuronal activity in establishing these maps. Since visual retinotopic and olfactory glomerular maps represent two ends of a continuum that includes many other types of neural map in between, these emerging general principles may be widely applicable to map formation throughout the nervous system.
On-Chip Indirect Detection of Non-Fluorescent Analytes Using Fluorescent Spacers

We present a technique that accomplishes on-chip preconcentration, separation and indirect detection of nonfluorescent analytes by leveraging isotachophoresis (ITP) and a set of fluorescent species termed spacers. The non-fluorescent analyte zones are detected as dark zones/gaps between fluorescent spacer zones. The length of this gap quantifies the initial concentration of the non-fluorescent analyte and mobilities of the fluorescent spacers on either side provide the upper and lower bound for the analyte mobility. We have successfully demonstrated separation and detection of amino acids, serine and phenylalanine, as well as other organic acids, acetic acid and phenylpropionic acid with this technique. Using three fluorescent spacers, we were able to detect ∼10 μM concentration of non-fluorescent analytes.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Spectroscopic and structural characterization of a Laurentian fulvic acid: notes on the origin of the color

Abstract The results of a study in which ultrafiltration fractionation in combination with UV_VIS, fluorescence, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize a stoichiometrically characterized Laurentian fulvic acid are presented. The non-additivity of the spectra supports the hypothesis that the characteristic brown color of fulvic acid results from donor-acceptor interactions which shift to the red and broader constituent chromophoric bands. The study includes evaluation of the binding behavior of the polar herbicide atrazine with different fulvic acid fractions and the interactions among fulvic acid fractions themselves. Binding is mainly by the largest molecular weight fraction and competition occurs between attrazine and lower molecular weight fractions of fulvic acid.
The antihypertensive effects of chlorthalidone. A comparative analysis with benzothiazide compounds.

Chlorthalidone administered in a single daily dose (200 mg. per day) produced a significantly greater hypotensive effect than chlorothiazide (250 mg. t.i.d.) and a greater, but not significantly different, response than hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg. t.i.d.). Reserpine (0.1 to 0.5 mg. per day) significantly augmented the hypotensive effect of chlorthalidone, but chlorthalidone given alone produced an effect equal to the combination of a benzothiazide with reserpine. Side effects characteristic of sulfonamide diuretics of minimal degree, including hyperuricemia, accompany chlorthalidone administration. Presently, chlorthalidone, when individualization of dosage is observed, approaches an ideal sulfonamyl for the control of hypertension in relation to that of other members of this chemical series.
A copper(I) coordination polymer containing an adamantane P–N cage ligand

The tetra­dentate non-chelating ligand 2,4,6,8,9,10-hexa­methyl-2,4,6,8,9,10-hexa­aza-1,3,5,7-tetra­phosphaadamantane, P4(NCH3)6, reacts with one equivalent of cuprous iodide to yield the title coordination polymer, catena-poly[[iodo­copper(I)]-μ-2,4,6,8,9,10-hexa­methyl-2,4,6,8,9,10-hexa­aza-1,3,5,7-tetra­phosphaadamantane-κ2P1:P3], [CuI(C6H18N6P4)]n. The polymer is linked through P—Cu coordination at two vertices of the cage. The CuI ions have a trigonal–planar geometry, coordinated by P atoms from two different ligands and the iodide. This structure represents the first crystallographically characterized coordination compound of this cage ligand.
Recognizing threat: A simple geometric shape activates neural circuitry for threat detection

The urgent need to recognize danger quickly has been shown to rely on preferential processing in dedicated neural circuitry. In previous behavioral studies examining the pattern of the face when displaying anger, we found evidence that simple noncontextual geometric shapes containing downward-pointing V-shaped angles activate the perception of threat. We here report that the neural circuitry known to be mobilized by many realistic, contextual threatening displays is also triggered by the simplest form of this V-shaped movement pattern, a downward-pointing triangle. Specifically, we show that simple geometric forms containing only downward-pointing V-shapes elicit greater activation of the amygdala, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus, as well as extrastriate visual regions, than do presentations of the identical V-shape pointing upward. Thus, this simple V-shape is capable of activating neural networks instantiating detection of threat and negative affect, suggesting that recognition of potential danger may be based, in part, on very simple, context-free visual cues.
NF-κB-ISGF3 Transcription Factor Cooperation: Coincidence Detector or Memory Chip?

Induction of gene expression involves deployment of transcription factors. In this issue of Immunity, Farlik et al. (2010) provide a view in which cooperation between transcription factors NF-κB and ISGF3 divides the task of transcription by recruiting and activating distinct components of the transcriptional machinery.
Generalized translation of programming languages

A generalized model for the computer translation of both programming and natural languages has been developed at the Linguistics Research Center of The University of Texas. The design of the model is discussed here and sample grammatical descriptions are given to illustrate how the generalized translation of programming languages may be accomplished.
THE ZOOSPORE OF CHLOROKYBUS ATMOPHYTICUS, A CHAROPHYTE WITH SARCINOID GROWTH HABIT'

Chlorokybus atmophyticus has a sarcinoid growth habit and produces scale-covered zoospores. Flagella are laterally inserted and attached internally to a multilayered structure characteristic of the Charophyceae. There are two kinds of pyrenoid in each cell, a feature previously observed in only one scaly green flagellate. C. atmophyticus demonstrates that the sarcinoid growth habit arose independently at least twice in the green algae and cannot be used to define taxonomic groups unless combined with other criteria. It is further concluded that C. atmophyticus should be classified in a separate family Chlorokybaceae and a separate order Chlorokybales. THE CHAROPHYCEAE iS of central interest among green algae because it includes forms related to the ancestry of land plants. An understanding of the evolution of habit and mode of reproduction within the class is essential to the understanding of adaptations leading to early archegoniates and is also of more strictly phycological concern in the comparison of Charophyceae with other green algal groups.