cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a Predictive Model for Activation-Controlled Corrosion of Steel in Solutions Containing Carbon Dioxide

Abstract Corrosion of steel in carbon dioxide (CO2)-containing solutions is considered a chemical reaction-controlled process. A corrosion rate equation was derived on the basis of fundamental reaction rate theory and compared to empirically determined relationships reported in the literature. The predictive equation was developed as a function of pH, partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2), and temperature. The equation allows the inclusion of other variables, such as flow, impurities, inhibitors, and steel microstructure, through the reaction constant. The application limit for this equation extends to the point where corrosion becomes diffusion-controlled as a result of the formation of stable corrosion products on the steel surface.
Subacute sensory neuronopathy secondary to dorsal root ganglionitis in primary Sjögren's syndrome

Sensory neuropathies, particularly trigeminal neuropathy, have been recognized as neurological complications of Sjogren's syndrome, but the pathogenesis has not been established. We describe a woman with primary Sjogren's syndrome who developed a progressive debilitating subacute sensory neuronopathy. Results of electrophysiological studies were consistent with involvement of the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. A thoracic dorsal root ganglion biopsy showed lymphocytic infiltration and degeneration of ganglion cells. We believe that this is the first description of biopsy-documented dorsal root ganglionitis in a subacute sensory neuronopathy associated with Sjogren's syndrome and that the finding suggests an immunopathogenic basis.
A New Method for High-Speed Motion-Picture Photography of Transparent Drops

A new method applicable to high-speed motion-picture photography of moving transparent drops is described. Previous methods have not considered the optical properties of drops as image-forming, spherical convex lenses. By taking advantage of this property of transparent drops, it has been possible to produce sufficient light contrast between the drop and its illuminated background to enable drops to be photographed. It is concluded that high-speed motion-picture photography of transparent drops can be accomplished where it is possible to produce sufficient light contrast between the drop and its background to make the drop visible. Two highly satisfactory methods of producing this contrast were tested experimentally and found to produce an excellent technique that could be used for a variety of investigations in the aerosol field.
Monitoring Phase Transformations in Intact Tablets of Trehalose by FT-Raman Spectroscopy

The purpose of this study is to monitor phase transformations in intact trehalose tablets using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Tablets of trehalose dihydrate, amorphous trehalose (obtained by freeze-drying aqueous trehalose solutions), and anhydrous trehalose (β-trehalose) were prepared. The tablets were exposed to different conditions [11% and 0% RH (60°C); 75% RH (25°C)] and monitored periodically over 96 h using Raman spectroscopy. Within 96 h of storage, the following phase transformations were observed: (1) trehalose dihydrate → β-trehalose (11% RH, 60°C), (2) trehalose dihydrate → α-trehalose (0% RH, 60°C), (3) β-trehalose → trehalose dihydrate (75% RH, 25°C), and (4) amorphous trehalose → trehalose dihydrate (75% RH, 25°C). FT-Raman spectroscopy was a useful technique to identify the solid form and monitor multiple-phase transformations in intact trehalose tablets stored at different conditions.
Frictional slip plane growth by localization detection and the extended finite element method (XFEM)

This paper is concerned with developing a numerical tool for detecting instabilities in elasto-plastic solids (with an emphasis on soils) and inserting a discontinuity at these instabilities allowing the boundary value problem to proceed beyond these instabilities. This consists of implementing an algorithm for detection of strong discontinuities within a finite element (FE) framework. These discontinuities are then inserted into the FE problem through the use of a displacement field enrichment technique called the extended finite element method (XFEM). The newly formed discontinuities are governed by a Mohr–Coulomb frictional law that is enforced by a penalty method. This implementation within an FE framework is then tested on a compressive soil block and a soil slope where the discontinuity is inserted and grown according to the localization detection. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of fibrinolytic activity by infusion of activated protein C into dogs.

A B S T R A C T Bovine-activated protein C, administered intravenously to dogs, increases the rate oflysis of whole blood clots. Protein C, bovine prothrombin, and diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated protein Ca do not increase the rate of lysis. Repeated infusions of protein Ca sustain rapid blood clot lysis, but neither elevate circulating fibrin-split products nor decrease circulating plasminogen levels. The administration of protein Ca results in the elevation ofthe levels oflysineadsorbable plasminogen activator activity in the plasma. When partially purified concentrates of this activator are added to normal dog blood at the levels seen following protein Ca injection, the rate ofclot lysis is similar to that seen after protein Ca injection. The addition of protein Ca to citrated whole blood in vitro, with the subsequent neutralization of protein Ca with antibodies, results in increased rates of lysis when plasma made from the treated blood is reinjected into the animal. The generation of fibrinolytic activity is dependent on both cellular and plasma components of blood. A model of protein Ca fibrinolytic activity has a minimum of two components: a secondary messenger formed by protein Ca action on blood cells and plasma, and the subsequent appearance of plasminogen activator in the animal in response to that messenger.
Cross-Situational Consistency and Perceptual Accuracy in Leadership

The trait approach to leadership has long been abandoned. The prevailing belief, based primarily on two early reviews of the research examining the personality differences between leaders and nonleaders (by Mann and Stogdill) and on the interpretation of certain rotation design studies of leadership, is that contingency theories of leadership best explain the phenomenon. However, some current research has been more favorable to the trait approach. The present research examined cross-situational stability in leadership by having leaders (people who held current formal leadership positions) interact with nonleaders on four tasks that required social organization and coordination. As predicted, stability in leadership across the four tasks and some evidence for consistency across groups were found, as was a high level of consensus and accuracy in perceptions of leadership.
Migration of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in the Sacramento River

Adult green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, were collected in San Pablo Bay, California, and surgically implanted with ultrasonic acoustic tags from 2004 to 2006. An array of automated acoustic monitors was maintained in the Sacramento River to record movements of these fish. We presumed movements to known spawning areas (based on previous green sturgeon egg collections) or areas with potential spawning habitat (characterized by substrate, flow, and temperature criteria) represented a “spawning migration.” Three separate annual “spawning migrations” were recorded involving 15 individuals. The majority of the Sacramento River migrants entered the system in the months of March and April. Two different patterns of “spawning migration” and out-migration were observed. Six individuals potentially spawned, over-summered and moved out of the river with the first fall flow event. This is believed to be the common behavior of the green sturgeon. Alternatively, nine individuals promptly moved out of the Sacramento River before 1 September, and any known flow or temperature cue. Some green sturgeon appeared to be impeded on their upstream movement by the 15 May closure of the Red Bluff Diversion Dam, and at least five passed under the dam gates during downstream migration. A delay in the closure of the Red Bluff Diversion Dam would likely allow upstream passage of spawning green sturgeon, further, the potential mortality affects of downstream passage beneath the Red Bluff Diversion Dam should be assessed. Specific protection should be also given to the large aggregation of green sturgeon located in the reach of the Sacramento River adjacent to the Glen Colusa Irrigation District pumping facility.
The measure of reality : quantification and Western society, 1250-1600

Part I. Pantometria Achieved: 1. Pantometria, an introduction 2. The venerable model 3. Necessary, but insufficient 4. Time 5. Space 6. Mathematics Part II. Striking the Match: Visualization: 7. Visualization, an introduction 8. Music 9. Painting 10. Bookkeeping Part III. The New Model.
Microstructure and Soft Magnetic Properties of Ultrafine Grain Iron-Based Ribbons

The magnetic and structural properties of as-spun and crystallized Fe-Zr alloys with Cu and B substitutions have been studied. The Cu and B additions were both observed to affect the crystallization temperature and subsequent microstructure. Boron was observed to have the added effect of stabilizing the amorphous state. Crystallization at low temperatures (540°C) gave the samples a single bcc phase with ultrafine grain size (20 nm), a low coercivity (about 0.1 Oe) and a high magnetization (185 emu/gm). The grain size and coercivity increased upon heat treatment at higher temperatures (720°C), where a small amount of a second phase (Fe3Zr) appeared to coexist with the bcc phase.
Action of Polylysine on Some Ascites Tumors in Mice.

SummarySynthetic polypeptides of lysine, of glutamic acid, of valine and lysine, of leucine and lysine, and commercial protamine sulfate were tested against tetraploid Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss mice. Only the synthetic polypeptides of lysine inhibited ascites tumor development. Up to 27% of mice treated with polylysine survived for 100 days apparently free from tumor. Mice that died after 3 to 4 weeks usually did so from metastatic solid tumors or solid tumors at site of implant. Polylysine also had a marked inhibitory activity against the diploid strain of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and TA3 ascites carcinoma in Swiss and BAFl mice, respectively. Survival time of some BAFl mice was increased to 86 days, while 10% of Swiss mice survived 100 days with no sign of tumor. On cytological analysis, mitotic arrest at prophase was found. The nucleic acid and protein content/cell remained unchanged.
Body Size with Relation to Population Density in Mammals

The first purpose of this paper is to present certain evidence of a decrease in body size in the Alaska fur seal ( Callorhinus ursinus ) with relation to a measured increase in population size; second, to review briefly the relationship reported to exist between body size and abundance in the brown rat, house-mouse, vole, muskrat, gray squirrel, raccoon, deer, and man. The body size: abundance relationship in mammals has not, we believe, received the attention it deserves. A third purpose of the paper, then, is to stimulate inquiry into the mechanics of body size regulation by density dependent factors in the environment. With the exception of an albino form of house-mouse, the mammals referred to above are wild species of economic importance. The present advantage of using such animals for study will disappear as more is learned about methods of suppressing natural fluctuations in their numbers. Thus, as the wildlife manager becomes progressively more skillful in controlling irruptions of deer and muskrat, the less opportunity will he have of studying the influence of population pressure, and the more will he turn to captive animals for evidence. The necessary conditions for a study of the size: abundance relationship are that both the subject population and the body size of its members shall be responsive to measurement from time to time. In measuring the population, the observer shall make certain that he is dealing continuously with the same genetic group; not now with one and later with another that has invaded the study area. And in measuring body size he shall be able to identify sex and age as a prerequisite to selecting comparable individuals. For example, references in the literature to “decrease in average body size” may refer only to a decrease in proportion of older and larger members of the population, …
Local Microstructural Organization in Carbogenic Molecular Sieves

The microstructure of nanoporous, carbogenic molecular sieves (CMS) was studied using high resolution electron microscopy and neutron diffraction. The narrow range of pore sizes observed in these complex materials suggests that although these materials are globally amorphous, the local microstructural features are more organized. Our work, focused on poly(furfuryl alcohol)-derived CMS, is aimed at characterizing the evolution of this microstructure. Microscopy results show that materials synthesized at low temperature have some degree of organization but that the microstructure is featureless and symmetric at longer length scales. This symmetry is broken at higher synthesis temperatures as thermodynamic driving forces lead to further organization of the carbon atoms into more ordered structures but the length scales remain short. Micrographs of high temperature CMS show a high degree of curvature and features reminiscent of fullerene. The connectivity of the carbon atoms in the CMS has been probed using powder neutron diffraction. This data suggests that the atoms in the CMS form ordered structures on the length scale of 15A which are distinctly different from the structure of graphite. These observed changes in the microstructure directly impact the adsorptive and molecular sieving characteristics of the CMS as illustrated by the marked differences between the diffusivities of oxygen and nitrogen. This property is crucial for the very demanding separation of nitrogen from oxygen in air.
A Permutation Test of Genetic Association between Salmonella Isolated On-farm and At-abattoir using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

Pork and pork products have been identified as a significant source of Salmonella infection, which is a major public health concern. The contamination of Salmonella on pork can happen both on farms (before slaughter) and at abattoirs (after slaughter). Salmonella isolates were collected from both feces on farms and lymph nodes in the abattoir to determine if contamination at abattoirs can be linked back to the farms of origin. Molecular subtyping of the isolated Salmonella was performed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), a Polymerase chain reaction-based, high-throughput, relatively inexpensive method. In this paper, we develop a permutation test for the genetic association of Salmonella isolated on-farm and at-abattoir using the AFLP data. Simulation studies show that the proposed permutation test controls the type I error rate appropriately as well as possesses high power. An application of the proposed permutation test to the real Salmonella ALFP data results in a p-value of 0.038 which shows strong evidence of association between Salmonella isolated on-farm and at-abattoir.
The Heart of the Thoroughbred Race Horse. Studies in Hypertrophy.

The interesting note in Sir William Osler's “Textbook of Medicine” on the heart of Eclipse, the famous race horse, and Master McGrath, the famous greyhound, has prompted investigation of the heart-weight body-weight ratios in these animals. Studies on the heart of the racing greyhound were reported in the PROCEEDINGS of 3 years ago.1 The questions of true physiologic as well as the mechanism of pathologic work hypertrophy of the heart are still open.We, unfortunately, do not have records of the heart-weight body-weight ratios of the great sires of thoroughbred racing stock or of the great mares that have produced long lines of winners. Accurate anatomical data on the English sires, or the lines descending from Godolphin Bart, 1689, Byerly Turk, 1706, and Darley Arabin, 1724, or of the American progenitor, Longfellow I, 1850, or the more recently famous studs, as Fair Play, Broomstick, and Man-of-War, would be most interesting and valuable.In a group of 16 race horses of various strains, ages, and racing e...
Polarity and gradients in lepidopteran wing epidermis. II. The differential adhesiveness model: gradient of a non-diffusible cell surface parameter.

For explaining the Manduca wing gradient (Nardi & Kafatos, 1976) a model which postulates a proximo-distal gradient in cellular adhesiveness is considered. The model is based on Steinberg9s (1963) differential adhesiveness hypothesis. Rosette formation in certain trans-posed and/or reoriented grafts can be adequately explained by this model. Several predictions, formulated by using the concept of surface free energy as a thermodynamic measure of adhesiveness, have been tested and proven correct. (1) Transposed grafts tend to assume circular forms, which are configurations of minimum free energy. (2) Because of the pressure difference expected across the interface of two cell populations with different surface free energies, cell densities increase in both distally and proximally transposed grafts. As a corollary to this rule, final size of a graft is a function of its distance from the original position.(3) Histological sections of host-graft boundaries suggest minimal cell contact at the interface. In proximal grafts placed in distal regions, cell density is far lower near the host-graft inter face, as compared to the high interior density; the peripheries of distal grafts do not show this effect. (4) Juxtaposition of three different wing regions in all possible arrangements yields the expected two-dimensional configurations. (5) Differences in adhesiveness can be demonstrated by allowing two different wing grafts to interact in an essentially neutral environment (i.e. at a leg or antenna site). As the distance between two given graft regions increases, the extent of their final contact decreases. When applied to other insect systems, the model not only offers an alternative interpretation for results currently explained by diffusible substance models, but also accounts for certain features that were unexplained by other models.
Effects of dietary phytase supplementation on growth performance and apparent digestibility coefficients of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

A growth trial and a digestibility trial were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of phytase supplemented to practical shrimp feeds. The 5 weeks growth trial evaluated the effects of phytase supplementation in replete phosphorus (P) diets on the performances and compositions of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. No significant differences were observed in final biomass, final mean weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein retention and survival across all the treatments. Shrimp reared on the P deficient diet had significantly higher P retention and lower whole body P levels as compared to shrimp fed the other diets. Copper content in the whole shrimp body was significantly increased in the treatment supplemented with 1,000 IU kg−1 feed phytase. The digestibility trial was conducted to study the combined effects of phytase supplementation levels and diet type (plant-based versus fishmeal-based) on apparent digestibility coefficients of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. There were no effects of diet type so the data was combined. Phytase incorporation at both 500 and 2,000 IU kg−1 significantly improved protein digestibility, whereas P digestibility was enhanced when 2,000 IU kg−1 phytase was supplemented to the diet. Apparent digestibility coefficients of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine were significantly increased when fed diets contained 500 and 2,000 IU kg−1 phytase supplementation. Results of this work demonstrate that under the conditions of the study growth was not enhanced by phytase supplementation in P replete diets. However, nutrient retention for Cu and digestibility of P, protein and a number of amino acids were enhanced.
Behavioral Circuit Models of Jitter Modulator and Single-Ended-Mode to Mixed-Mode Transformer for Signal Integrity Transient Simulation

Behavioral circuit models of jitter modulator and single-ended-mode to mixed-mode transformer are proposed to support fast signal integrity simulations for high-speed electronic packaging system design. The function of the jitter modulator behavioral circuit model is for injecting the time-domain jitter into the system data stream in the signal transient simulation. The injected time-domain jitter are from either measurement or the simulation based on the system jitter transfer function. The proposed behavioral circuit model of jitter modulator makes it possible to make direct use of the jitter transfer model in the system signal integrity transient simulation. For high-speed differential net such as in PCIe bus, the eye diagram including the jitter is usually observed in the differential voltage. A behavioral circuit model of single-ended-mode to mixed-mode transformer is proposed for convenient setup of the system signal integrity simulation using the jitter modulation behavioral circuit model. The proposed behavioral circuit models have been tested by using a transient circuit simulation tool. Reasonable results have been obtained. The verifications include comparing with the known correct results and some self-testing methods. The proposed behavioral circuit models provide a very flexible and convenient modeling and simulation method to the signal integrity modeling and simulation team in the high-speed server system packaging design.
QuickC: practical sub-millisecond transport for small cells

Cellular operators want to be able to deploy small cells with the same ease as WiFi access points, to quickly address traffic hotspots in dense urban areas. However, deploying small cells has not been easy. The reason is that due to scarcity of licensed spectrum, small cells need to use the same spectrum as the existing macro cells, and they need to explicitly coordinate their spectrum usage with each other to manage interference. The challenge is that this coordination needs to happen with latencies less than a millisecond, otherwise adding small cells does not help scale the overall network capacity. Implementing such tight coordination in dense urban deployments has not been easy in practice. We present QuickC, a wireless transport technology that can simplify small cell deployment. QuickC enables small cells to coordinate with their neighboring macro and small cells with sub-1ms latencies over the operator's licensed spectrum but in a way that the users of this spectrum are negligibly affected. QuickC is designed to be an "add on" to existing cellular networks and does not require any invasive changes to the existing infrastructure or standards. We implement QuickC on a commodity system on chip from Texas Instruments used for building commercial cellular baseband and show that it can consistently deliver latencies less than 0.6 ms between neighboring cells. We also use system-level simulations to evaluate the wide-area impact of deploying QuickC in current networks, and show that it can deliver 5--10 Mbps of bandwidth between neighboring cells while causing less than 1--4% throughput degradation to the existing users of the spectrum.
Personalentwicklung im Einkauf von Bayer

Das strategische Handeln in der Funktion Beschaffung wird im Bayer Konzern durch elementare Prinzipien wie Sicherheit in der Versorgung, Finanzierung und Qualitat im Einklang mit ethischen, okologischen und sozialen Prinzipien geleitet. Dabei beruht der wirtschaftliche Erfolg des Unternehmens auf dem Konnen, Wissen und Engagement der Mitarbeiter. Die Stellung von Bayer als globales Innovationsunternehmen bedarf Mitarbeitern, die bereit sind, neue Wege zu gehen und sich stetig weiter zu entwickeln. Aus diesem Grund fordert der Konzern aktiv das ‚Lebenslange Lernen‘ seiner Beschaffungsmitarbeiter. Alle Mitarbeiter zu befahigen, in allen Phasen ihrer Erwerbstatigkeit, ihre Kenntnisse und Fahigkeit auf dem neuesten Stand zu halten sowie auszubauen, spiegelt die Philosophie des Bayer Konzerns in der Personalentwicklung wieder. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei konkrete Beispiele der Mitarbeiterentwicklung in der Beschaffung diskutiert. Zum einen die Einkaufsakademie als Beispiel interner Weiterbildungsmasnahmen sowie das Einkaufs-Trainee-Programm, um neue Talente fur die Beschaffung zu begeistern und zu qualifizieren.
Fap1 Controls Beta-Catenin Activity in a Gsk3-Beta Dependent Manner in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Abstract 2404 Fap1 (Fas-associated phosphatase 1) interacts with the C-terminus of multiple proteins via a PDZ-type protein-protein interaction domain. Interaction of Fap1 with Fas results in Fas-de-phosphorylation and inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis. In previous studies, we determined that PTPN13 , the gene encoding Fap1, is a target gene for the interferon consensus sequence binding protein (referred to as Icsbp or Irf8). Icsbp functions as a leukemia suppressor in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and we previously demonstrated Icsbp/Fap1-dependent apoptosis resistance in cells expressing the CML-associated oncoprotein, Bcr-abl. Another known interaction partner for Fap1 is the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (Apc). However, the functional significance of this interaction has not been previously explored. In the current stuides, we investigate whether interaction between Fap1 and Apc impacts the pathogenesis of CML. Apc is involved in assembly of a multi-protein complex that includes Apc, Axin, Gsk3-beta and beta-catenin. Association of these proteins results in serine/threonine phosphorylation (pS/T) of beta-catenin by Gsk3-beta. pS/T beta-catenin is released from the complex and degraded by the proteasome. Previous studies demonstrated that pS/T of beta-catenin, and consequent beta-catenin degradation, is impaired in CML, but the mechanism for this impairment is unknown in most cases. We find that Icsbp-dependent increase in Fap1 results in increased interaction between Fap1 and Apc in Bcr-abl+ myeloid progenitor cells. We also find that increased Fap1/Apc interaction is associated with inactivation (de-phosphorylation) of Gsk3-beta and a decrease in inhibitory pS/T of βcatenin. We find that this results in increased beta-catenin protein and activity. We also find that Fap1 co-immuno-precipitates with Apc, Axin, Gsk3-beta and beta-catenin. This result suggests the possibility that Gsk3-beta is a substrate for Fap1 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that Fap1 is able to dephosphorylate Gsk3-beta in vitro . We tested the functional significance of this observation in experiments using an activated form of Gsk3-beta that cannot be dephosphorylated at a key residue (Y216D-Gsk3-beta). We find that expression of this Gsk3-beta mutant partly reverses the effect of Bcr-abl and Fap1 on beta-catenin protein stability and activity. Increased beta-catenin activity is a characteristic of leukemia stem cells (LSC) in CML, and increasing beta-catenin activity in the bone marrow is associated with poor prognosis in CML. Therefore, these studies identify a novel pathway that regulates events significant to CML pathogenesis. These studies also identify a role for Apc in the pathogenesis of leukemia, and another mechanism for the leukemia suppressor effect of Icsbp. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Surviving the Great Recession: the influence of income inequality in US urban counties

ABSTRACTSurviving the Great Recession: the influence of income inequality in US urban counties. Regional Studies. While there has been extensive research on the role of income inequality in economic growth, there has been less investigation as to the role of income inequality on economic resilience. This paper addresses the relationship between income inequality and resilience by evaluating the vulnerability of urban counties in the United States entering recession between 2006 and 2010 and tests whether income inequality contributes to their probability of recession survival. A Cox proportional hazards model is used to determine factors contributing toward urban counties’ resilience to the external shock of the Great Recession; the research is focused on the relationship between the level of income inequality in a county and its recession risk. It is found that areas with increased income inequality entered recession earlier.
Genetic fusion protein 3×STa-ovalbumin is an effective coating antigen in ELISA to titrate anti-STa antibodies.

Heat-stable toxin type I (STa)-ovalbumin chemical conjugates are currently used as the only coating antigen in ELISA to titrate anti-STa antibodies for ETEC vaccine candidates. STa-ovalbumin chemical conjugation requires STa toxin purification, a process that can be carried out by only a couple of laboratories and often with a low yield. Alternative ELISA coating antigens are needed for anti-STa antibody titration for ETEC vaccine development. In the present study, we genetically fused STa toxin gene (three copies) to a modified chicken ovalbumin gene for genetic fusion 3×STa-ovalbumin, and examined application of this fusion protein as an alternative coating antigen of anti-STa antibody titration ELISA. Data showed fusion protein 3×STa-ovalbumin was effectively expressed and extracted, and anti-STa antibody titration ELISA using this recombinant protein (25 ng per well) or STa-ovalbumin chemical conjugates (10 ng/well) showed the same levels of sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, mice immunized with this fusion protein developed anti-STa antibodies; induced antibodies showed in vitro neutralization activity against STa toxin. These results indicate that recombinant fusion protein 3×STa-ovalbumin is an effective ELISA coating antigen for anti-STa antibody titration, enabling a reliable reagent supply to make standardization of STa antibody titration assay feasible and to accelerate ETEC vaccine development.
Characterization of an S 1 -State Specific EPR Multiline Signal of the Photosystem II Manganese Cluster

The oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PS II) is composed of a four manganese cluster (1) which cycles through 5 different redox (S-) states, So to S4 (Kok model); S1 is the dark stable state. The best-characterized EPR signals of the OEC, recorded in the standard perpendicular-polarization mode (referring to the orientation of the static magnetic (H-) field relative to the H-component of the microwave) are the g=2 ‘multiline’ signal and the featureless g = 4.1 signal of the S2 state which are believed to originate from two half-integer spin configurations of the exchange-coupled Mn4 cluster (1). Since the Kok model predicts integer-spin states for S1 and S3 (given the half-integer spin of S2), parallel-polarization mode signals are expected from these states, unless they are diamagnetic. Indeed a broad featureless S1-specific signal in this EPR mode (geff = 4.8) was reported from plant PSII (2). We recently reported a S1-specific parallel-mode multiline signal (geff = 12) from both cyanobacterial PSII (3) and plant PSII depleted of the 17 and 23 kDa proteins (4) which shield the OEC at the lumenal peripherie of the plant PSII. On this congress we present further characterization of this signal such as temperature dependence, correlation with the S2 signals and modulation by ligand binding.
The Emergence of the Philosophy of Chemistry

After a long period of neglect, the philosophy of chemistry is slowly being recognized as a newly emerging branch of the philosophy of science. This paper endorses and defends this emergence given the difficulty of reducing all of the philosophical problems raised by chemistry to those already being considered within the philosophy of physics, and recognition that many of the phenomena in chemistry are “epistemologically emergent”.
Growth matters: identifying best practices in growing civic collaborations

The recently introduced Health Children and Families Act represents a potential $15B investment in promoting community health by legislating the implementation of the Nurse-Family Partnerships (NFP) program in all 50 states. Although legislation does not mandate the implementation strategy, civic collaboration has been found to be uniquely successful. To fully leverage the value of civic collaboration, this study aims to identify and formalize one important aspect of collaborative activity—the growth process during the initial stages of collaboration. By comparing field observations from several community health programs, we have identified the features of civic collaborations most associated with favorable program outcomes. Specifically, successful collaborations have started with small initial groups, proceeded to engage in high quality planning processes, and have slowly included new members. Using a coordination game model from experimental economics, we formalize strategic behaviors in civic collaboration as a minimum-effort coordination game with Pareto ranked equilibria. Three best practices (small initial group, planning, and growth) observed from the field are interpreted as interventions in coordination failures within the game. This coordination game framework is incorporated into an agent-based model. A series of experiments in the agent-based model offers an in-depth understanding of the separate and combined effects of the three best practices and how their contributions change over the lifecycle of a civic collaboration program. Findings from this study not only inform the program implementation of Healthy Children and Families Act, but also help stakeholders in other civic collaboration programs to understand and adopt the best practices and achieve optimal outcomes.
Immunologic studies in pernicious anemia.

Experiments were directed to the investigation of evidence of a possible role of cellular immunity in patients with pernicious anemia. Lymphocyte-rich peripheral leucocyte preparations from 29 patients with pernicious anemia were cultured in the presence of a variety of preparations containing potential antigens: these included human gastric juice, human intrinsic factor (IF) preparations, and human gastric mucosal homogenates. Lymphocyte transformation was determined by measurement of the uptake of tritiated thymidine into DNA. Lymphocyte transformation occurred when lymphocytes from a portion of the patients with pernicious anemia (3.4 per cent to 37.5 per cent) were cultured in the presence of these antigen preparations. Lymphocyte transformation was noted in none of the patients whose sera contained blocking antibodies to intrinsic factor. There was no correlation between the presence or absence of lymphocyte transformation and the presence or absence of serum antibodies to the gastric parietal cell cytoplasmic antigen. These data on lymphocyte transformation permit the consideration that cellular immunity may participate in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia.
A Tale of Two Partners: How Specialization and Division of Labor Are Reshaping the Academy

These days, many lower-division undergraduate college classes – representing ­perhaps half of all students – are taught by faculty who are “off the tenure track.” To most people, that means adjuncts – itinerant teachers who fill in when tenured faculty are too busy or when demand for large courses outstrips supply. They go from school to school, patching together a low-level career while carrying the brunt of the work of education. They are the masses that the American Association of University Professors want to unionize.
Addressing student precarities in higher education: our responsibility as teachers and scholars

The transition from high school to college life presents a number of challenges to young adults, including new living arrangements, new social circles, increased independence, and the pressures of ...
Museum Programs for the Handicapped A Smithsonian Workshop

(1978). Museum Programs for the Handicapped A Smithsonian Workshop. Roundtable Reports: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 11-20.
Characteristics of Effective Teachers of Invasive Bedside Procedures: A Multi-institutional Qualitative Study

Background Faculty supervision of invasive bedside procedures (IBPs) in the ICU may enhance procedural education and ensure patient safety. However, there is limited research on teaching effectiveness in the ICU, and there are no best teaching practices regarding the supervision of IBPs. Research Question We conducted a multi-institutional qualitative study of pulmonary and critical care medicine faculty and fellows to better understand characteristics of effective IBP teachers. Study Design and Methods Separate focus groups (FGs) were conducted with fellows and faculty at four large academic institutions that were geographically distributed across the United States. FGs were facilitated by a trained investigator, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Themes were identified inductively and compared with constructs from social and situated learning theories. Data were analyzed between and across professional groups. Qualitative research software (NVivo; QSR International) was used to facilitate data organization and create an audit trail of the analysis. A multidisciplinary research team was engaged to minimize interpretive bias. Results Thirty-three faculty and 30 fellows participated. Inductive analysis revealed three categories of themes among successful IBP teachers: traits, behaviors, and context. Traits included calm demeanor, trust, procedural competence, and effective communication. Behaviors included leading preprocedure huddles to assess learners’ experiences and define expectations; debriefing to provide feedback; and allowing appropriate autonomy. Context included learning climate, levels of distraction, patient acuity, and institutional culture. Interpretation We identified specific traits and behaviors of effective IBP teachers that intersect with the practice environment, which highlights the challenge of teaching IBPs. Notably, FG participants emphasized interpersonal, more than technical, aspects of successful IBP teachers. These findings should inform future curricula on teaching IBPs in the ICU, standardize IBP teaching for pulmonary and critical care medicine fellows, and reduce patient injury from procedural complications.
Correlating Surface Hardness to Shear Strength of Driven Rivets and Distribution of In Situ Rivet Hardness

AbstractMeasuring surface hardness and correlating it to shear strength is a nondestructive test method that can be used when a more accurate estimate of rivet strength is necessary. The objectives...
Job creation in a multi-sector labour market model for developing economies

This paper proposes an overlapping generations multi-sector model of the labor market for developing countries with three heterogeneities  heterogeneity within self-employment, heterogeneity in ability, and heterogeneity in age. We revisit an iconic paradox in a class of multi-sector labor market models in which the creation of high-wage employment exacerbates unemployment. Our richer setting allows for generational differences in the motivations for job search to be reflected in two distinct inverted U-shaped relationships between unemployment and high-wage employment, one for youth and a different one for adults. In turn, the relationship between overall unemployment and high-wage employment is shown to be non-monotonic and mult-peaked. The model also sheds light on the implications of increasing high-wage employment on self-employed workers, who make up most of the world's poor. Non-monotonicity in unemployment notwithstanding, increasing high-wage employment has an unambiguous positive impact on high-paying self-employment, and an unambiguous negative impact on free-entry (low-wage) self-employment.
Multiobjective restructuring aimed at green economic growth

This research introduces an approach to the structural optimization of national economies resulting in green economic growth. This study considers the comparative advantages of the sectors of the economy in the final product ratio, energy intensity, and carbonization of the gross output. The input–output model is transformed to a structured form, and the projected gradient of the gross domestic product (GDP) is derived. Factorial models of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are developed and used to obtain the projected antigradients of these indicators. Each of these vectors determine the locally optimal structural change for each dimension. Their components are found to be proportional to the sectoral deviations from the national average, thus revealing a sectorwise comparative advantage or disadvantage. This observation allowed us to characterize these components as Ricardian gradients. Although it is not possible to move in each of the three vectors concurrently, it is possible to direct the economic restructuring to make the least possible acute angles with each vector. Thus, the locally Pareto-optimal vector of structural change is formed. At each moment in time, the system is directed to move alongside this vector or by the boundary. The suggested approach is applied to simulate the economies of China and the United States. The obtained results reveal that the suggested changes in the structure of the gross output simultaneously allowed for an increase in GDP, a decrease in energy consumption, and the mitigation of CO2 emissions. Applications to international cooperation and trade are discussed.
Music and Dance

The noble, Imyhsetj, playing the pipe very well . Playing the flute for your Ka every day . Captions to tomb scenes Music and Musical Instruments What is usually defined as music is basically sound and rhythm organized in time, and virtually all cultures and societies have or have had some form of it. In Music and the Mind Anthony Store made the observation that in every culture music serves as a device or tool to bring people together in common activities. Repeated rhythms serve to unite participants in recreation and ritual, organize troops on the march, and coordinate the efforts of workers in the fields. Anyone who has ever seen the effects of the “call and response” work songs of field hands, where a leader sings or chants a verse and the workers respond with a chorus, can attest to their rhythmic results. One of the most serious obstacles to an understanding of ancient Egyptian music is the almost complete absence of any preserved musical notation in the form of written music. There is at least one exception, but one that is not much help. This is a small statue of a harpist depicted with an open manuscript before him. The page has the remains of some symbols on it, probably representing some direction as to how he was to play. Even though it is not very helpful, this object does prove that there may have been a system of written music. However, preserved evidence of musical notation and writings about music theory in Egypt are not well attested until the time of the Greeks.
Mirna Expression in Glaucomatous and TGFβ2 Treated Lamina Cribrosa Cells

Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies that leads to irreversible vision loss. The optic nerve head (ONH) is the site of initial optic nerve damage in glaucoma. ONH-derived lamina cribrosa (LC) cells synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins; however, these cells are adversely affected in glaucoma and cause detrimental changes to the ONH. LC cells respond to mechanical strain by increasing the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) and ECM proteins. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs or miR) regulate ECM gene expression in different fibrotic diseases, including glaucoma. A delicate homeostatic balance between profibrotic and anti-fibrotic miRNAs may contribute to the remodeling of ONH. This study aimed to determine whether modulation of miRNAs alters the expression of ECM in human LC cells. Primary human normal and glaucoma LC cells were grown to confluency and treated with or without TGFβ2 for 24 h. Differences in expression of miRNAs were analyzed using miRNA qPCR arrays. miRNA PCR arrays showed that the miR-29 family was significantly decreased in glaucomatous LC cell strains compared to age-matched controls. TGFβ2 treatment downregulated the expression of multiple miRNAs, including miR-29c-3p, compared to controls in LC cells. LC cells transfected with miR-29c-3p mimics or inhibitors modulated collagen expression.
Acute consumption of a sugar-sweetened beverage impairs microvascular function in Midwestern Hispanic males

Abstract Hispanic males are at risk for cardiovascular disease and consume high levels of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB); yet, their acute vascular response to SSBs is unknown. Ten healthy Hispanic men (18–45 years old) consumed a SSB and reactive hyperemia was performed prior to, immediately following, and 1-hr post-consumption. Both peak and total (area under the curve) forearm blood flow were attenuated immediately following consumption but returned to at or above pre-consumption levels at the 1-hr test.
Damage Thresholds to Metal Mirrors by Short-Pulse CO 2 Laser Radiation

Measurements of damage to metal surfaces induced by intense nanosecond pulses of ir radiation are reported. Single-shot damage thresholds of Cu, stainless steel, molybdenum and aluminum surfaces have been measured for various angles of incidence and the predicted increase in damage thresholds for grazing incidence optical components have been experimentally verified for the first time at 10-μm. Multiple-shot damage tests have also been performed and practical lifetime curves for Cu mirrors have been established. Scanning electron micrographs of the mirror show the damage mechanism to be the development of a fine scale (1 μm) microstructure on the copper surface.
HIV/AIDS Counseling Skills and Strategies: Can Testing and Counseling Curb the Epidemic?

Abstract The HIV/AIDS (Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) epidemic is in its third decade and has reached to alarming proportions worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one million people are living with HIV with an estimated 56,300 infections happening each year in the United States .Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS via early testing along with pretest and post-test counseling is important for psychosocial stabilization and destigmatization.Risk reduction counseling as a preventive counseling method is equally important in high-risk individuals such as adolescents, substance abusers and in gay and bisexual population. The purpose of this manuscript is to address a number of counseling strategies used for education and counseling of individuals at risk of getting HIV/AIDS and also among those who are HIV infected. Some of the various dimensions of counseling are negative approach counseling, assessing readiness to change, and motivational enhancement therapy. Multiple approaches are used by counselors in providing education and prevention counseling to ‘at risk’ individuals and also individuals who have been infected with the virus. Key words : safer sex, social testing, HIV education, counseling
Electronic spectra of organic molecules and their interpretation—X : The electronic spectra of thiobenzophenone

Abstract As would be expected hydrogen bonding solvents and others of high polarity cause the K- and R-Bands of thiobenzophenone to shift to longer and shorter wavelengths, respectively. However, some solvents behave in an anomalous manner, suggested the formation of a specific, and perhaps novel, association between the solute and solvent.