cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of cognition-specific cortical activity by gonadal steroids: A positron-emission tomography study in women

There is considerable evidence from animal studies that gonadal steroid hormones modulate neuronal activity and affect behavior. To study this in humans directly, we used H215O positron-emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in young women during three pharmacologically controlled hormonal conditions spanning 4–5 months: ovarian suppression induced by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide acetate (Lupron), Lupron plus estradiol replacement, and Lupron plus progesterone replacement. Estradiol and progesterone were administered in a double-blind cross-over design. On each occasion positron-emission tomography scans were performed during (i) the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a neuropsychological test that physiologically activates prefrontal cortex (PFC) and an associated cortical network including inferior parietal lobule and posterior inferolateral temporal gyrus, and (ii) a no-delay matching-to-sample sensorimotor control task. During treatment with Lupron alone (i.e., with virtual absence of gonadal steroid hormones), there was marked attenuation of the typical Wisconsin Card Sorting Test activation pattern even though task performance did not change. Most strikingly, there was no rCBF increase in PFC. When either progesterone or estrogen was added to the Lupron regimen, there was normalization of the rCBF activation pattern with augmentation of the parietal and temporal foci and return of the dorsolateral PFC activation. These data directly demonstrate that the hormonal milieu modulates cognition-related neural activity in humans.
MIS in Soviet industrial enterprise: the limits of reform from above

The USSR has carried out a large-scale program to bring computer-based information systems, called Automated Enterprise Management Systems (ASUPs), to industrial enterprises. This program illustrates the extent to which computer-based information systems are inextricably embedded in the surrounding social, economic, and political systems.
Oxygen Free Radicals in Cardiac Transplantation

After prolonged ischemia, reperfusion of the myocardium with oxygenated blood results in high levels of superoxide anions. Several mechanisms for superoxide anion generation have been proposed, including increased xanthine oxidase activity, neutrophil activation, and arachidonate cascade activation. Superoxide anion accumulation may cause enzyme inactivation and lipid peroxidation in the sarcolemma with resultant intracellular calcium accumulation and excitation-contraction uncoupling. A review of a number of animal studies has shown that free radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase and catalase can preserve myocardial function and metabolism during transplantation. In addition, other data indicate a role for inhibitors of free radical generation (i.e., allopurinol or oxypurinol), iron chelators (i.e., deferoxamine), or metabolic substrates such as L-glutamate in the inhibition of free radical myocardial injury. In addition, glutathione has been demonstrated to produce faster recovery of ventricular function in hypothermia preserved and reperfused rat hearts, presumably by inhibiting free radical production. Confirmatory data for human cardiac transplantation is not yet available.
Processing of Formal Complaints against Psychologists

The multiplicity of procedures for dealing with formal complaints against psychologists is subjected to a critical review and analysis in the context of an in-depth case study. It is evident that there are sources of confusion and hazards for both the client-plaintiff and the therapist-defendant in the current network of professional, administrative, and legal procedures. Recommendations for changes are presented.
Phase behavior of small attractive colloidal particles.

The crystallization boundaries of small, attractive particles are found to be identical when interactions are modeled as adhesive hard spheres. Based on experimental results and the attraction range, we conclude that solubility is insensitive to interaction details and various colloidal particles will only display equilibrium colloidal fluid and colloidal crystal equilibrium phases. This study provides a basis for the observations of George and Wilson [Acta Crystallogr. D 50, 361 (1994)] who suggest using second virial coefficient measurements to identify protein crystallization conditions.
The influence of vapor-liquid interactions on the liquid pressure drop in triangular microgrooves

Abstract Presented herein is a mathematical model of the liquid pressure drop occurring in triangular grooves. The model considers the interfacial shear stresses due to liquid-vapor frictional interaction, and a dimensionless vapor-liquid interface flow number, L v , is introduced. Results are reported for channel angles ranging from 20 to 60°, contact angles from 0 to 60°, and dimensionless vapor-liquid interface flow numbers of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. These results indicate that the friction factor Reynolds number product is strongly dependent upon the channel angle, the contact angle, and the dimensionless vapor-liquid interface flow number. The predicted results agree well with the documented and available experimental data for the cases L v = 1 and L v = 0.
Minimizing energy consumption of a chip multiprocessor through simultaneous core consolidation and DVFS

This paper addresses the problem of minimizing the total energy consumption of a (chip) multiprocessor system while maintaining a required throughput. The minimum energy solution subject to a throughput constraint is achieved by selectively turning cores ON or OFF, assigning a given set of tasks to different cores, and simultaneously selecting the optimum operating supply voltage and clock frequency level for each processor core in the system. This NP-hard problem is solved by a three-level hierarchical framework comprised of a control theory-based dynamic power manager (DPM) and a task assignment unit. Experimental results demonstrate 17% energy saving of the proposed solution approach.
Epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in rabbits exposed to trichloroethylene: role of trichloroethylene metabolites.

Abstract Studies were conducted to examine the role of trichloroethylene metabolites in epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias in rabbits exposed to trichloroethylene. Rabbits were exposed for 1 hr to 2000, 4000, 6000, or 8000 ppm trichloroethylene under dynamic airflow conditions, and epinephrine was infused iv until arrhythmias occurred after 7.5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min of exposure and also 15 and 30 min postexposure. Serial blood samples collected at these times were analyzed for trichloroethylene and the two major metabolites, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid. Blood levels of trichloroethylene and the incidence of arrhythmias increased with increasing exposure levels of trichloroethylene, while no differences were seen in trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid blood levels among groups exposed to 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm trichloroethylene. Rabbits receiving chloral hydrate (50 mg/kg, iv), a trichloroethylene intermediate metabolite, generated blood levels of trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid 40–100 times greater than rabbits that had been exposed to 8000 ppm trichloroethylene but developed essentially no arrhythmias in response to epinephrine. The data indicate that trichloroethylene, rather than its metabolites, sensitizes the rabbit myocardium to epinephrine-induced cardiac arrhythmias.
Uterine growth promoting action of relaxin.

SummaryExperiments were performed to determine response of uteri of immature albino rats to subcutaneous injections of varying dosages of relaxin. Saline and 0.0002, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mg relaxin were injected into female rats 28 and 33 days old by dividing the dose into thirds and administering each third on 3 consecutive days. Necropsies were performed on the fourth day at ages 31 and 36 days, respectively, and the uteri weighed, dried and reweighed. Wet uterine weights, i.e. mg % of body weight, increased along a sigmoid pattern from 45 for saline to 67 for 10 mg in younger group, and from 47 for saline to 70 for 10 mg in older group. Water concentration remained relatively constant, varying between 82 and 87% of wet weights, with no correlation as to amount of relaxin received. Nitrogen content showed a similar response, ranging between 12 and 14% for 36-day-old animals, and 12 and 16% for 31-day-old animals.
Exploring users' desire to be involved in computer systems development: An exploratory study

Abstract Previous research on user involvement during computer systems development has focused almost exclusively on the impact of user involvement on user satisfaction and system success. To the extent that user involvement has been found to be beneficial to the process, there is a need to study the management of the involvement process. Managing the involvement process requires (among other things) ascertaining whether the users are ready to be involved. this paper examines the antecedents of user desire to be involved in systems development. I am interested in knowing what motivates a worker to desire involvement in systems development projects. Based on the results of an empirical survey, I conclude that a user's overall satisfaction with the computer information system (CIS) function within the organization significantly affects his/her desire to be involved in system development. It is also observed that, although a user's attitude toward the CIS staff might be positively correlated with his/her desire to be involved, it is less powerful in predicting desired involvement when the user is generally satisfied with the CIS function.
Sodium Nitrite Improves Exercise Hemodynamics and Ventricular Performance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Abstract Background There is no effective medical treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Increases in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) develop in patients with HFpEF during exercise coupled with impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Nitrite can be reduced to bioactive NO in vivo, particularly under conditions of tissue hypoxia, as with exercise. Objectives This study sought to determine whether acute nitrite administration improves exercise hemodynamics and cardiac reserve in HFpEF. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, subjects with HFpEF (N = 28) underwent invasive cardiac catheterization with simultaneous expired gas analysis at rest and during exercise, before and 15 min after treatment with either sodium nitrite or matching placebo. Results Before the study drug infusion, HFpEF subjects displayed an increase in PCWP with exercise from 16 ± 5 mm Hg to 30 ± 7 mm Hg (p Conclusions Acute sodium nitrite infusion favorably attenuates hemodynamic derangements of cardiac failure that develop during exercise in individuals with HFpEF. Prospective trials testing long-term nitrite therapy in this population are warranted. (Acute Effects of Inorganic Nitrite on Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction; NCT01932606 )
REVIEWS: Sexual Health Inquiry and Support Is a Primary Care Priority

The World Health Organization defines sexual health as "a state of physical, emotional, mental and sexual well-being related to sexuality." This broad definition goes beyond simply inquiring about sexual dysfunction and ideally fits the model of patient-centered primary care. As we observe that sexual health and physical health are often closely related, discussions about sexual activity can be very revealing. Sexual intimacy appears positively related to loving relationship satisfaction and stability. Sexual problems have a clear negative impact on both the quality of life and emotional state regardless of age. Learning about specific sexual dysfunctions among men can reveal a variety of as-yet-undiagnosed comorbid pathologic conditions such as: (i) depression and other emotional illnesses; (ii) psychosocial stress; (iii) actual cardiovascular disease as well as related risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and/or hyperlipidemia; (iv) hyperprolactinemia; and (v) low serum testosterone. Specific sexual dysfunctions among women can reveal pathologic conditions such as: (i) depression and other adverse imitational and psychosocial conditions; (ii) low serum estrogen or testosterone; and/or (iii) vaginal or pelvic disorders. A discussion about sexual health can be accomplished efficiently in a primary care office with the inquiring clinician having the option to deal with any sexual problems and dysfunctions directly, or to refer the patient to an appropriate specialized care source.
Generator coordinate treatment of some model periodic systems

The generator coordinate method (GCM) is a powerful variational technique invented for studying nuclear collective motion and extended in recent times by Lathouwers, Van Leuven, and Laskowski et al. to problems of molecular electronic structure and vibrations. In preparation for the application of GCM to electron correlation and lattice dynamical problems in solids, we have studied linear periodically bounded systems consisting of one- and two-mass anharmonic chains of both finite and infinite length. Preliminary results for the variational energy and vibrational spectra from some simple intrinsic functions are presented.
A functional model-view-controller software architecture for command-oriented programs

Command-oriented functional programs are currently structured in an ad hoc way that makes the development of multiple user-interfaces difficult and error prone, and makes it difficult to abstractly understand a program's command-oriented behavior. To rectify this, we propose a software architecture for such programs that we call functional model-view-controller (MVC), by a rough analogy with object-oriented MVC. In functional MVC, a program is structured as a model (domain-specific aspects), view (abstract user) and controller (command loops). In contrast to object-oriented MVC, a controller is active, consisting of a number of recursive functions. It calls its view to get user input and to display results to the user; it calls its model to do domain-specific work. To increase adaptability, a controller should be parameterized by its model and view, using a function or an ML-style functor. With this approach, one can write terminal and graphical views; one can also write views that do abstract scripting. One can understand and reason about a program's command-oriented aspects at a high-level of abstraction by focusing on the controller. Of particular note is the way we are able to allow computations of the model to be monitored and aborted by view. We illustrate our approach with a case study of a complete program, written in Standard ML, and using Concurrent ML and the eXene X window system toolkit.
Investigating the forward and backward injections of injection-locked dual optoelectronic oscillators

An injection-locked optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is investigated for the effects of simultaneous forward and reverse injections between the master and slave OEOs to find the optimized condition for low phase noise and spurious levels.
Communication in Community Decisions on the Problems of the Poor

The poor are often unable to solve their collective problems because they make little input into the community decision-making process. This study examined communication within an upper income suburban community in regard to one important problem of the poor—low-cost housing. Organizations were found to communicate mostly with those who perceive the problem in the same way and believe the same alternative solutions to the problem are feasible. Much of this communication was dysfunctional, forestalling a community decision and leading to a “non-decision.” Organizations were also found to better understand middle class groups opposed to low-cost housing than the poor who would benefit from it. As a result the opposition was allowed more influence than the poor. The news media were found to contribute little to community understanding of social problems.
LUTS and Sleep Disorders: Emerging Risk Factor

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are commonly associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and represent significant bother among aging men. Bothersome LUTS secondary to BPH, including nocturia, significantly impact men’s general health-related quality of life (QoL) as do sleep disturbances. However, very few studies have examined the relationship between the severity of BPH-related urinary symptoms and sleep disturbances. This review analyzes the recent studies that report the association between the bother and severity of LUTS secondary to BPH and the severity of sleep disturbance. In addition, we address the relationship between treating LUTS and the influence that it has on treating the sleep disorders.
Implementing Organizational Change: Theory and Practice/Strategic Organizational Change: Building Change Capabilities in Your Organization

The article reviews multiple books about business including “Implementing Organizational Change: Theory and Practice,” by Bert Spector and “Strategic Organizational Change: Building Change Capabilities in Your Organization,” by Ellen R. Auster, Krista K. Wylie, and Michael S. Valente.
Dynamics of the calcium subsystem in cardiac Purkinje fibers

Abstract A minimal model of the dynamics of internal calcium concentration of the mammalian cardiac Purkinje fiber is examined in order to identify the cause of certain arrhythmias of the heart. The effect of inhibition of the sodium/potassium pump is modeled by an elevated value of internal sodium cocentration. Effects of pump inhibition are examined at different clamp voltages. Such conditions mimic those which have been examined experimentally and which are known to cause oscillatory calcium release [W.J. Lederer, PhD thesis, Yale University, New Haven, CT (1976), 168 pp.; R.S. Kass, W.J. Lederer, R.W. Tsien and R. Weingart, J. Physiol. (London) 281 (1978) 187–208]. System dynamics are investigated using numerical continuation methods. Results of these analyses predict the existence of stable periodic oscillations of internal calcium over a range of voltage-clamp values. The emergence of these oscillations depends on the intracellular sodium concentration.
Phase Behavior and Shrinking Kinetics of Thermo-Reversible Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide-2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)

We study the thermodynamic properties of solutions of the physically gelling poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(NIPPAm-HEMA)]. We construct its phase diagram and characterize its kinetics of phase separation. This material belongs to a class of thermosensitive, “smart” polymers, that exhibit complex phase behavior. The copolymer studied is liquid at low temperatures and undergoes phase separation near 28°C, with negligible dependence on concentration. Above the transition temperature we observe coexistence between a polymer-dilute solution and a gel. We show that, upon quick heating, liquid solutions form a homogeneous gel that phase separates (shrinks) from a dilute polymer solution. We find that the evolution of the gel volume fraction is well described by a double exponential decay, indicating the presence of two shrinking regimes in a close parallel to the behavior of chemically cross-linked gels. The first stage is characterized by quick water ejection. In the second stage, slower shrinking is observed associated with internal reorganization of the polymers that allows the creation of gel-forming contacts.
Magnetic shielding properties of superconducting YBaCuO films on Ni foils

Abstract The YBaCuO(YBCO) films were consisted of the highly c-axis oriented Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O x . The T c (R=0) of the films is 70–75 K. A field attenuation ratio of 10 4 (or 80 dB) at 4.2 K and low magnetic field can be obtained. The magnetic shielding effectiveness of the films is significantly affected by the film morphologies, porosities and microcracks in the films.
Histopathological Features and p53 Nuclear Protein Staining as Predictors of Survival and Tumor Recurrence in Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Renal Pelvis

AbstractPurpose: We determine which histopathological features are predictive of recurrence and cause-specific survival in renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: Univariant and multivariant analysis was done on material from 67 patients.Results: Univariate and multivariate analysis identified lamina propria invasion, grade 3 tumors and capillary-lymphatic invasion as predictors of disease-specific survival. Multicentric disease was the sole independent predictor of recurrence. Multicentric disease and lamina propria invasion were independent predictors of recurrence-free survival. Also, p53 over-expression was not statistically associated with any of the studied prognostic factors.Conclusions: Histopathological features remain the cornerstone of prognostic assessment for renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma.
Rating Countermeasures for Mitigation of Hazardous Materials Incidents

Kansas State University (KSU) conducted a comprehensive study of the development of a set of prioritized, extreme-risk scenarios; the development of a set of feasible, practical, and implementable protective systems, and a report to summarize guidelines on the use of these protective systems to mitigate potential, extreme-risk situations that could occur during the transport of hazardous materials (hazmat) on our highway system. The present paper covers the methodology used to apply the Delphi technique with a state's panel to complete the first two objectives; and, in addition, an initial evaluation of the effectiveness of these protective systems. The research study was limited to materials spilled within the highway system. It focused on potential risks that would result in severe, long-term, permanent, irreparable, or catastrophic consequences, and existing technology and state-of-the-art knowledge for development of protective systems to mitigate these consequences. The protective systems within the scope of this study were systems constructed or physically incorporated into the highway system or modifications thereto. Language: en
Outcomes of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia on Insomnia, Depression, and Fatigue for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Series.

Background: This clinical case series examined outcomes of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Current literature links insomnia with higher rates of depression and fatigue in individuals with MS. However, no research to date evaluates a targeted psychotherapeutic intervention for insomnia in this population. Participants and Methods: Eleven individuals with a diagnosis of MS and insomnia participated in individual or group-based CBT-I sessions at the Cleveland Clinic Sleep Disorders Center between 2008 and 2013. A medical record review examined these individuals' self-reported experiences of insomnia, depression, and fatigue at the preintervention and postintervention levels using the Insomnia Severity Index, nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, and Fatigue Severity Scale. Total sleep time was also reported at pretreatment and posttreatment intervals. Results: Overall, participants reported improvements regarding insomnia, fatigue, and depress...
Learning How to Learn: Carnegie’s Third Apprenticeship

This article uses the lens of the Carnegie Report’s third apprenticeship (of “Professional Identity Formation”) to examine one particular component of an externship program – the mid-semester self-evaluation and meeting process. The author argues that several lessons critical to the formation of professional identity can be taught through this component: the skill of learning to be effectively supervised by others, the skill of being a self-directed and reflective learner, and the skill of exhaustive preparation. The author also argues that the Carnegie Report’s call for increased formative assessment can be met through this process because the on-site supervisor can critique the student’s self-evaluation in the presence of the faculty member. Because the ABA Regulations do not require a three-way meeting that includes the faculty member, the on-site supervisor, and the student, many externship programs do not include this component. This article is designed to spark a discussion among clinicians about the teaching of professional identity formation, the incorporation of formative assessment, and quality faculty engagement (a Best Practice for Externships) through a mid-semester self-evaluation process or other pedagogical practices.
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Attenuates FFA Induced Ceramide Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in an Adiponectin Dependent Manner.

Objective Excess dietary lipids result in the accumulation of lipid metabolites including ceramides that can attenuate insulin signaling. There is evidence that a botanical extract of Urtica dioica L. (stinging nettle) improves insulin action, yet the precise mechanism(s) are not known. Hence, we examined the effects of Urtica dioica L. (UT) on adipocytes. Research Design We investigated the effects of an ethanolic extract of UT on free fatty acid (palmitic acid) induced inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt serine phosphorylation and modulation of ceramidase expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocytes were exposed to excess FFAs in the presence or absence of UT. Effects on adiponectin expression, ceramidase expression, ceramidase activity, ceramide accumulation and insulin signaling were determined. Results As expected, FFAs reduced adiponectin expression and increased the expression of ceramidase enzymes but not their activity. FFA also induced the accumulation of ceramides and reduced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in adipocytes. The effects of FFA were partially reversed by UT. UT enhanced adiponectin expression and ceramidase activity in the presence of excess FFAs. UT abated ceramide accumulation and increased insulin sensitivity via enhanced Akt phosphorylation. A siRNA knockdown of adiponectin expression prevented UT from exerting positive effects on ceramidase activity but not Akt phosphorylation. Conclusions In adipocytes, the ability of UT to antagonize the negative effects of FFA by modulating ceramidase activity and ceramide accumulation is dependent on the presence of adiponectin. However, the ability of UT to enhance Akt phosphorylation is independent of adiponectin expression. These studies demonstrate direct effects of UT on adipocytes and suggest this botanical extract is metabolically beneficial.
From prednisone to pylori: a case of Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic immune thrombocytopenia

A 54-year-old woman was seen by her primary care internist for a general health maintenance visit. Her major chronic illness was immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) for which she had been treated with prednisone therapy for the past 15 years. Recent review of possible aetiologies of her chronic thrombocytopenia revealed infection with Helicobacter pylori. Successful eradication resulted in complete resolution of her thrombocytopenia within 2 months. She was weaned from steroid therapy and at 1-year follow-up, her platelet counts remained in the normal range. This case report summarises what is known about the association of H. pylori infection and ITP.
Antibody levels of measles,rubella and neonatal tetanus of gestational age women in Minqing County of Fujian Province

[Objective]To understand the antibody levels of measles,rubella and neonatal tetanus of gestational age women in Minqing County of Fujian Province,and provide evidence for control of these diseases.[Methods]The gestational age women aged 19-30 years from 2 towns were selected to detect the antibody level of measles,rubella and tetanus by using ELISA method.[Results] The antibody positive rate of measles,rubella and neonatal tetanus were 88.8%,81.7% and 100%.The antibody geometric mean concentration of measles,rubella and neonatal tetanus were 782.77,46.40,0.046 6 U/ml.[Conclusion]Although the antibody positive rate of measles,rubella and neonatal tetanus of gestational age women is high in Minqing County.But there are still some cases with negative antibody,and the antibody concentration fails to achieve an adequate level of immune protection which suggests the women to have the vaccination of measles,rubella and tetanus vaccine before pregnancy.
Discussion on Teaching Method of Computer Software Knowledge

This article presents the viewpoint that teacher should build common speaking form and related common languages to guide students analyze and solve problems in order to improve the students' learning interests on computer software.It considers that the uniform expressing method should be taken.Students can write down the related program and remember the operating procedure to improve the operating ability and the ability of recounting the operating procedure.
Ovarian function in human pregnancy

Free neutral steroids were measured in the ovarian and uterine vein blood during pregnancy. Progesterone concentration ranged from 34 μg per 100 ml. of whole blood at 8 weeks to 63 at 11½ weeks and 44 at 19 weeks. Lower values were obtained in the later half of pregnancy. No ovarian progesterone was detected 2 days post partum. Progesterone concentration of 14.8 μg per 100 ml. blood was found in uterine vein blood 8 weeks following the last menstrual period. Higher values were obtained as pregnancy progressed. Significant amounts of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one and androstenedione were isolated from the ovarian vein blood. In addition to progesterone, only 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one was isolated from uterine venous blood. An apparent qualitative similarity was observed between the secretory products of the ovary during pregnancy and the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
Photon Statistics in Resonance Fluorescence with Finite Bandwidth Excitation

The phenomenon of antibunching in time exhibited by photons emitted by a driven two-level atom is an explicit feature of a quantized electromagnetic field.1,2 Antibunching implies that the fluorescent photons obey sub-Poissonian statistics at least for sufficiently small counting interval T. This implies that the probability p(n,t,T) that n photons are emitted in a given time interval (t, t + T) is narrower than a Poisson distribution with the same mean n. For large times T, however, this need not be the case. Indeed for large counting times T the distribution p(n,t,T) may be superPoissonian in the transient regime, although the fluorescent photons still exhibit antibunching.
The structure and function of the progesterone receptor

Progesterone, like other steroid hormones, enters cells and combines with a receptor protein, believed to exist in the cytosol. This receptor-progesterone complex then translocates into nuclei and is thought to affect gene expression. The exact mechanism by which the receptor complex acts in nuclei is not yet understood. The purification of the receptor is necessary to gain an understanding of the properties of the hormone-receptor complex and to understand its effects on gene expression.
Taking Advantage of Partial Customer Flexibility

In many service systems with multiple types of customers, providing server flexibility, e.g., by cross-training servers, is very expensive. On the other hand, there is often inherent flexibility in some of the customers that is not used by the system. I argue that taking advantage of such flexibility can create a win-win-win situation, in which overall performance can be greatly improved, and in which both flexible and non-flexible customers benefit. Moreover, only a small subset of customers needs to be flexible to obtain nearly the benefit of full flexibility.
Executive Leadership and Physician Well-being: Nine Organizational Strategies to Promote Engagement and Reduce Burnout

These are challenging times for health care executives. The health care field is experiencing unprecedented changes that threaten the survival of many health care organizations. To successfully navigate these challenges, health care executives need committed and productive physicians working in collaboration with organization leaders. Unfortunately, national studies suggest that at least 50% of US physicians are experiencing professional burnout, indicating that most executives face this challenge with a disillusioned physician workforce. Burnout is a syndrome characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced effectiveness. Physician burnout has been shown to influence quality of care, patient safety, physician turnover, and patient satisfaction. Although burnout is a system issue, most institutions operate under the erroneous framework that burnout and professional satisfaction are solely the responsibility of the individual physician. Engagement is the positive antithesis of burnout and is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption in work. There is a strong business case for organizations to invest in efforts to reduce physician burnout and promote engagement. Herein, we summarize 9 organizational strategies to promote physician engagement and describe how we have operationalized some of these approaches at Mayo Clinic. Our experience demonstrates that deliberate, sustained, and comprehensive efforts by the organization to reduce burnout and promote engagement can make a difference. Many effective interventions are relatively inexpensive, and small investments can have a large impact. Leadership and sustained attention from the highest level of the organization are the keys to making progress.
Cytoskeletal Motors: General Principles

Cells use an extensive toolkit of molecular motors to traffic material, to anchor internal components in fixed positions, and to control cell shape. There are three large families of motor proteins, myosins, kinesins, and dyneins, which drive these critical motions. Myosins move along actin filaments, transporting cargoes, regulating filament tension and driving muscle contraction. Kinesins and dyneins play similar roles along microtubules, moving largely in opposite directions. Since the emergence of the earliest eukaryotes, evolution has fine-tuned these motors to perform specific tasks within the cell. Their unique mechanical features strongly suggest that even closely related motors within a given family cannot substitute for each other in most cellular roles. However, despite these differences, many of the general features of movement are shared between these three cytoskeletal motors. Here, we examine the common characteristics and limitations of cytoskeletal motors.
Faculty Response to Deselection in Academic Libraries: A Psycholinguistic Analysis

ABSTRACTDeselection is a necessary but politically sensitive part of an academic librarian's responsibilities. To provide an overview of the emotional dynamics involved in weeding an academic collection, this article analyzes editorials, articles, and book chapters chronicling faculty response to weeding from a psycholinguistic viewpoint. Using computer-based text analysis, these accounts are examined for the amount and type of emotional content they contain. These findings provide a template for what librarians can expect when beginning a deselection process and point to best practices for working effectively with faculty to create a robust and healthy collection.
Fertility Preservation in Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth and Adolescents

Literature on transgender and gender nonconforming people has been seriously neglected in virtually all forms of publication, but particularly within health care. One issue that is frequently not discussed is the need for many transgender and gender nonconforming individuals to use reproductive technologies in order to have children. While it is becoming increasingly more common for transgender adults to seek out fertility treatments, evolving medical practices with children and adolescents has brought this discussion into a far more contentious arena. Through a combined analysis using queer and trans theory, feminist theory, and bioethics, this chapter briefly analyzes important aspects of the use of hormone treatments on children and adolescents with the intention of alleviating gender dysphoria. This analysis moves into a discussion of fertility preservation itself, and the options that are available for this particular population. These options, and their ethical feasibility, are balanced against fertility preservation options for other young people, as seen in oncofertility.
Extended hamiltonian formalism and Lorentz-violating lagrangians

Abstract A new perspective on the classical mechanical formulation of particle trajectories in Lorentz-violating theories is presented. Using the extended hamiltonian formalism, a Legendre Transformation between the associated covariant lagrangian and hamiltonian varieties is constructed. This approach enables calculation of trajectories using Hamilton's equations in momentum space and the Euler–Lagrange equations in velocity space away from certain singular points that arise in the theory. Singular points are naturally de-singularized by requiring the trajectories to be smooth functions of both velocity and momentum variables. In addition, it is possible to identify specific sheets of the dispersion relations that correspond to specific solutions for the lagrangian. Examples corresponding to bipartite Finsler functions are computed in detail. A direct connection between the lagrangians and the field-theoretic solutions to the Dirac equation is also established for a special case.
Vertical Ground Reaction Forces During Unexpected Human Slips

Falls due to slippery conditions are among the primary causes of disabling workplace injuries. Despite the extensive amount of human slip studies in the literature, only a handful of studies have r...
Building predictive models of emotion with functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Abstract We demonstrate the capability of discriminating between affective states on the valence and arousal dimensions using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a practical non-invasive device that benefits from its ability to localize activation in functional brain regions with spatial resolution superior to the Electroencephalograph (EEG). The high spatial resolution of fNIRS enables us to identify the neural correlates of emotion with spatial precision comparable to fMRI, but without requiring the use of the constricting and impractical fMRI scanner. We make these predictions across subjects, creating the capacity to generalize the model to new participants. We designed the experiment and evaluated our results in the context of a prior experiment—based on the same basic protocol and stimulus materials—which used EEG to measure participants’ valence and arousal. The F1-scores achieved by our classifiers suggest that fNIRS is particularly useful at distinguishing between high and low levels of valence (F1-score of 0.739), which has proven to be difficult to measure with physiological sensors.
Impact of supply base structural complexity on financial performance: Roles of visible and not-so-visible characteristics

Abstract Supply chains have become increasingly complex in the last decade, which makes their structural characteristics important determinants of firm performance. Prior studies on supply chain structure have largely emphasized network-level attributes but ignored supply-base level characteristics. However, in many cases it is the 1 st tier suppliers, not those “deep in the network,” that have most immediate influence on the buyer. In addition, some structural characteristics, such as direct links between the buyer's suppliers and its customers, are not-so-visible to the buyer, yet can impact its financial performance dramatically. The existing literature has overlooked these not-so-visible structural links. Using objective supply chain data collected from Mergent Online and Compustat , we map the supply base structure of 867 public firms. We construct three visible (horizontal, vertical and spatial) and two not-so-visible (eliminative and cooperative) structural complexity metrics, and examine their impacts on buyer firms' financial performance as measured by Return on Assets and Tobin's Q. Our empirical analysis shows that the five dimensions have differential effects: some have negligible impacts while others appear to strongly affect financial performance. Contrary to the common belief that complexity hurts performance, we find that an individual complexity dimension may have both positive and negative effects, and the overall effect may be non-linear.
Physician Beliefs about the Meaningful Use of the Electronic Health Record: A Follow-Up Study.

Background There is continuing interest in how physicians are responding to the meaningful use of the electronic health record (EHR) incentive program. However, little research has been done on physician beliefs about the meaningful use of the EHR. Objective This study aims to conduct a follow-up study of physician beliefs about the meaningful use of the EHR. Methods Online survey of physicians at two academic medical centers (AMCs) in the northeast who were participating in the meaningful use of the EHR incentive program and were using an internally developed EHR was conducted. Results Of the 2,033 physicians surveyed, 1,075 completed the survey for an overall response rate of 52.9%. Only one-fifth (20.5%) of the physicians agreed or strongly agreed that meaningful use of the EHR would help them improve quality of care, and only a quarter (25.2%) agreed or strongly agreed that the meaningful use of the EHR would improve the care that their organization delivers. Physician satisfaction with the outpatient EHR was the strongest predictor of self-efficacy with achieving stage 2 of the meaningful use of the EHR incentive program (odds ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.61, 2.75, p Conclusion Only one-fifth of the physicians in our study believed that the meaningful use of the EHR would improve quality of care, patient-centeredness of care, or the care they personally provide. Primary care physicians expressed more negative beliefs about the meaningful use of the EHR in stage 2 than in stage 1. These findings show that physicians continue to express negative beliefs about the meaningful use of the EHR. These ongoing negative beliefs are concerning for both implementation and policy.
Localized radar-based hold line surveillance at runways

At towered airports, air traffic controllers use an “out-the-window” view for situation awareness of the entire airport environment and for ensuring safe operation on and around airport runways. A controller's view of the runways can be limited by a number of factors, including weather conditions, obstructions, and night operations, making some aircraft movements difficult to detect especially in the absence of surface surveillance systems. In remote tower concepts, the same factors can impact the controller's airport view via cameras. While surface surveillance systems, when available, are designed to supplement the controller's visual surveillance, existing systems do not provide sufficient precision to identify the location of the aircraft nose or tail relative to runway entry and exit points, as designated by hold lines. These limitations can negatively impact the controller's situation awareness and can cause controllers to clear aircraft onto the runway when the runway is occupied, resulting in an operational error. The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation Systems Development (MITRE) conceived of, developed, and tested an airport runway hold line surveillance (HLS) capability that automatically monitors safety critical runway hold lines for aircraft crossings. The capability is envisioned to provide additional surveillance that improves safety but can also positively impact airport efficiency and runway capacity as controllers will no longer have to wait for aircrews to indicate that they are clear of the runway via radio before clearing the next operational use of the runway MITRE CAASD evaluated short-range surveillance sensor technologies and selected a commercially-available automotive radar sensor, then developed and tested a proof-of-concept prototype of the HLS concept. MITRE set up the HLS prototype at Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD) for data collection and analyzed the system's performance. The results of the analysis, measured in terms of positional accuracy, indicate that the concept of detecting aircraft position relative to the hold line using this type of sensor and automation is feasible and could enhance safety in both remote tower and conventional tower environments.
Cardiotonic Modulation in Heart Failure: Insights From Traditional Chinese Medicine

Medicinal herbs have been used over the past centuries for restoring the body's homeostatic balance. Contemporary use of herbal supplements remains widespread in many cultures as treatment for specific ailments. Many possess cardiovascular actions, and some interact with cardiac medications. However, there is variable scientific evidence with respect to their safety and efficacy, and few have been subjected to the same rigorous evaluation processes and regulations as contemporary pharmaceuticals (1). In the field of heart failure, we have also witnessed the failure of promising naturopathic therapies like hawthorn extract in translating their potential benefits in rigorous clinical trials (2,3).
Does flow during rest and relaxation suffice

Andreas Gruentzig first reported that a pressure gradient ≤15 mm Hg after percutaneous coronary angioplasty is associated with a lower risk of restenosis ([1][1]). Several years later, in the mid 1980s, Pijls et al. ([2][2]) and Tonino et al. ([3][3]) introduced fractional flow reserve (FFR),
Wave Chaos in Elastodynamics

Recent years have demonstrated that ultrasonic waves in solids permit investigations of wave chaos, reverberation and multiple scattering that complement those of microwaves, optics and electronics. The large quality factors that can be achieved with elastic waves, their relatively slow wave speed, and their good impedance mismatch with the laboratory, lead to certain advantages for the experimentalist and new perspectives for the theorist. In particular these features allow transients to be observed, allow good isolation from leads and antennas, and convenient time and length scales in the experiment. A short course on continuum elastodynamics in solids is followed by a review of the laboratory work on spectral and transport properties of diffuse ultrasonic waves in solids. These include demonstrations of energy equipartition, of eigenvalue correlations and spectral rigidity, enhanced backscatter in enclosures, wave diffusion, and Anderson localization.