cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Structure: The Role of Social Accounts in Implementing Ideal Control

In order to survive, the contemporary organization must quickly adapt to its ever-changing markets and environment. The methods of structural control associated with the bureaucratic organizational form impede such adaptation. As a result, organizations are supplanting structural control with newer means of control - the control of ideas. Drawing on and extending social accounts theory, the authors explore how social accounts are used as one method to help to gain control of ideas, lessening management’s dependence on bureaucratic structures. The article exemplifies the managerial use of social accounts by reviewing the text of a videotape used by one organization in its attempt to influence workers’ ideas about management, unions and their own interests in order to keep the organization union free. The authors conclude with a discussion of how managerial uses of social accounts can be resisted by workers.
In situ observations of soil minerals and organic matter in the early phases of prescribed fires

[1] We examined the chemical composition of aerosol samples collected during a prescribed fire at a Great Basin Desert site in the context of samples collected from controlled combustion of vegetation clippings from the same site and resuspension of soil samples obtained prior to and after the burn event. We observed a distinct difference in the composition of organic carbon resuspended soil dust after the burn, reflecting changes caused by the heating of the soil. The relative abundances of minerals and organic carbon fractions in aerosols collected during the first period of the burn were identical to those measured in soil dust. For aerosol samples collected for the remaining two periods of the burn event, the profiles of both minerals and organic carbon matched quite well those observed for vegetation combustion. Reconstruction of aerosol samples collected during the burn event showed that vegetation combustion dominated emissions but mineral soil dust may account for about 10% of PM10 emissions (reconstructed) during the early stages of the fire. A large fraction of emissions during the first two hours was also unaccounted mainly because of the insufficient conversion of organic carbon to organic mass. The abundance of heavier non-volatile organics in soil dust suggested the presence of humic/fulvic acids that exhibit higher OM-to-OC ratios and thus, account for a proportion of the unaccounted emissions. These findings indicated that soil dust may be released into the air during a fire event, probably due to the enhanced turbulent mixing near the burn front.
Children's Experience With, Knowledge of, and Attitude Toward Disabled Persons

Measures to assess children's knowledge about and affective attitudes toward disabled persons were developed and administered to 367 elementary school children. Children's knowledge increased with age but was unrelated to sex or previous experience with disabled persons. In contrast, children's social-distance ratings were 'This study was part of the author's doctoral dissertation and was funded by a grant from the American Institutes for Research. unrelated to age but did vary with previous experience and sex. Children with more experience and girls expressed greater willingness to interact with disabled peers. The potential usefulness of the knowledge and social-distance scales as outcome measures for disability-awareness programs is discussed.
A storage-efficient method for solving banded Toeplitz systems

A method is presented for solving the banded Toeplitz system Tx=y by decomposing T into its asymptotic upper and lower triangular factors (which are banded and Toeplitz) and a rank-p correction matrix, where p is the bandwidth of T. This way of representing T requires only O(p/sup 2/) words of storage and allows computation of x in O(2Np) operations. A similar method is presented for the case in which T is bi-infinite and y is zero outside a finite region. >
FLIC: fuzzy linear invariant clustering for applications in fuzzy control

We present a new method for fuzzy clustering which is useful for deriving Takagi-Sugeno type rules "if x is A/sub k/, then y=g/sub k/(x)". Unlike the previous works, where the c-means algorithm is used first to form clusters with a single point center and then g/sub k/(x)'s are formed separately for each cluster, we form the clusters and their more general representative g/sub k/(x)'s simultaneously. The rules obtained by our method give 50% smaller error in predicting y from x than that obtained by the previous methods. The clusters obtained by our method are invariant under general linear transformations: translation, rotation, and differential scaling of the coordinates. The clusters obtained by the c-means algorithm are not invariant under differential scaling. >
Social epidemiology and complex system dynamic modelling as applied to health behaviour and drug use research

A social epidemiologic perspective considers factors at multiple levels of influence (e.g., social networks, neighbourhoods, states) that may individually or jointly affect health and health behaviour. This provides a useful lens through which to understand the production of health behaviours in general, and drug use in particular. However, the analytic models that are commonly applied in population health sciences limit the inference we are able to draw about the determination of health behaviour by factors, likely interrelated, across levels of influence. Complex system dynamic modelling techniques may be useful in enabling the adoption of a social epidemiologic approach in health behaviour and drug use research. We provide an example of a model that aims to incorporate factors at multiple levels of influence in understanding drug dependence. We conclude with suggestions about future directions in the field and how such models may serve as virtual laboratories for policy experiments aimed at improving health behaviour.
Acute lung injury: how the lung inflammatory response works.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the lung inflammatory response in rodents. Topics to be discussed will be initiation of the inflammatory response 1, inflammatory products that are responsible for tissue damage, and the intrinsic pathways that regulate (depress) the inflammatory response leading to its containment 2. Acute lung injury in rodents (mice, rats) can be induced by intrapulmonary deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G immune complexes, which trigger an intense inflammatory response characterised by the influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), interstitial and alveolar oedema, and intra­alveolar haemorrhage 3. This model of acute inflammation has been extensively evaluated in order to understand how the acute inflammatory response is triggered. This inflammatory response is dependent on generation of the powerful complement activation product C5a. Generation of C5a in lung can be accomplished by activation of any one of the three pathways of complement activation (classical, alternative and lectin pathways). An altogether different pathway for C5a generation in lung involves cleavage of C5, which is produced by lung cells, …
Ontogeny of Temperature-Regulated Heat Shock Protein 70 Synthesis in Preimplantation Bovine Embryos

Development of the preimplantation embryo is very susceptible to disruption by heat shock. As embryos proceed through development, they acquire resistance to heat shock, perhaps because they become transcriptionally active and can respond to environmental changes by undergoing transcriptionally-regulated cellular adaptation. Objectives were to determine the ontogeny of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) synthesis in preimplantation bovine embryos and to ascertain whether heat-induced increases in HSP70 in embryos are caused by environmental alterations in gene expression. Exposure of bovine embryos to heat shock induced synthesis of a 68 kDa form of HSP70 called HSP68 as early as the two-cell stage of development. Induction of HSP68 was alpha-amanitin independent at the two-cell stage but was blocked by alpha-amanitin as early as the early four-cell stage. Therefore, heat-induced synthesis of HSP68 is regulated at the level of transcription at a time before the major round of embryonic genome activation is considered to occur. Two other constitutive HSP70 molecules were identified called heat shock cognates (HSC) 71 and 70; both proteins were synthesized during all stages of development from the two-cell to hatched blastocyst stages. However, heat-induced synthesis of HSC71 and HSC70 was not evident until the expanded blastocyst stage. In conclusion, environmental signals can activate gene expression before the major round of embryonic genome activation occurs in bovine embryos. Moreover, differences in thermal sensitivity of early embryos to heat shock is not caused by an inability to synthesize HSP70, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in developmental acquisition of thermotolerance.
Can the ‘Subaltern’ Ride? A Reply to O'Hanlon and Washbrook

The problem with Prakash, O'Hanlon and Washbrook conclude, is that he tries to ride two horses at once—one Marxist, the other poststructuralist deconstructionist. ‘But one of these may not be a horse that brooks inconstant riders. …’ So, they say we must choose only one to ride on, not both because the two, in their view, have opposing trajectories. One advances historical understanding and progressive change, the other denies history and perpetuates a retrogressive status quo. Posed in this manner, the choices involve more than a dispute over which paradigm provides a better understanding of the histories of the third world and India. At stake is the writing of history as political practice, and the only safe bet, from their point of view, is Marxism (of their kind), not the endless deferral and nihilism of deconstruction and postmodernism. Having set up this opposition, O'Hanlon and Washbrook's either/or logic has no place for the productive tension that the combination of Marxist and deconstructive approaches generates. They are uncomfortable with those recent writings that employ Marxist categories to analyze patterns of inequalities and exploitation while also using deconstructive approaches to contend that Marxism is part of the history that institutionalized capitalist dominance—approaches which argue that although Marxism can rightfully claim that it historicizes the emergence of capitalism as a world force, it cannot disavow its history as a nineteenth-century European discourse that universalized the mode-of-production narrative.
CONSTRUCTING PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY IN AN ONLINE GRADUATE CLINICAL TRAINING PROGRAM: POSSIBILITIES FOR ONLINE SUPERVISION

While distance education is solidly entrenched in the American educational scene, clinical supervision using distance learning technology is not yet so clearly accepted. A review of the literature found very few studies of the use of Internet technology for clinical supervision. This study used semi-structured interviews combined with Giorgi's method of phenomenological analysis of experiences of students and site supervisors involved in one university's clinical training program. The purpose of the study was to examine the process by which master's degree students are able to construct their professional identity in an online environment. Both supervisors and students reported phenomenological evidence that professional identity can in fact be constructed through group interactions based in an Internet class experience.
Regression and matching estimates of the effects of elite college attendance on educational and career achievement

Abstract This paper adopts a potential outcome approach to identify and estimate the average treatment effect of attending an elite college on educational and career achievement. A central purpose is to compare the estimates yielded by regression and matching methods of adjusting for the endogeneity of elite college attendance. The analysis follows a high school graduation and college entry cohort across four decades of labor force participation, and estimates elite college effects on educational attainment, occupational socioeconomic status at early-, mid-, and late-career, and wages at mid- and late-career. The findings suggest that attending an elite college yields an advantage with respect to educational achievement and occupational status; results for wages are mixed. One prominent pattern is that the returns to attending an elite college for those who did attend are small by comparison to those that would have been achieved by otherwise equivalent students who attended non-elite institutions.
Estimating sagebrush biomass using terrestrial laser scanning

The presence of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in rangelands has declined due to the invasion of annual grasses such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and the feedback between these flammable grasses and wildfire frequency. Monitoring the change and distribution of suitable habitat and fuel loads is an important aspect of sagebrush management, particularly under future climate conditions. Assessments of sagebrush biomass are used to monitor habitat for critical wildlife species, determine fire risk, and quantify carbon storage. Field techniques such as destructive and point-intercept sampling have been used to determine sagebrush biomass, but both of these techniques can be expensive and time consuming to implement. Light detection and ranging techniques, including airborne laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) have potential for rapidly assessing biomass in sagebrush steppe. This study used TLS to estimate biomass of 29 sagebrush plants in Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho. Biomass was estimated using TLS-derived volume, then compared with destructive samples to assess the estimation accuracy. This accuracy level was then contrasted with the estimates obtained using point-intercept sampling of the same plants. The TLS approach (R2 = 0.90) was slightly better for predicting total biomass than point-intercept sampling (R2 = 0.85). Prediction of green biomass, or production, was more accurate using TLS-derived volume (R2 = 0.86) than point-intercept sampling (R2 = 0.65). This study explores a promising new method to repeatedly monitor sagebrush biomass across extensive landscapes. Future work should focus on making this method independent of sensor type, scan distance, scan number, and study area.
EXTRADURAL ANAESTHESIA IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS LUMBAR SPINE SURGERY

We studied prospectively 1381 patients undergoing extradural anaesthesia for total hip or total knee replacement, to determine if extradural anaesthesia can be performed reliably in patients who have had previous lumbar spine surgery. Fifty-two of the 57 patients (91.2%) who had undergone lumbar spine surgery received a successful extradural anaesthetic, and 1307 of 1324 patients without previous back surgery had successful extradural anaesthesia (98.7% success) (P
THE RANDOM TOPOLOGY MODEL OF CHANNEL NETWORKS: BIAS IN STATISTICAL TESTS∗

Direct tests of the random topology model have traditionally employed the 0.05 level of significance. As exercises in model confirmation, these tests should have used a larger significance level and because they did not, the tests have been biased in favor of the model. This bias has contributed to the limitations of the model being overlooked. When all published tests of topologically distinct channel networks and ambilateral classes are repeated using a significance level of 0.30 rather than 0.05, the proportion of tests in which the model is rejected increases from 15 to 46 percent.
Inhibition by small-molecule ligands of formation of amyloid fibrils of an immunoglobulin light chain variable domain

Overproduction of immunoglobulin light chains leads to systemic amyloidosis, a lethal disease characterized by the formation of amyloid fibrils in patients' tissues. Excess light chains are in equilibrium between dimers and less stable monomers which can undergo irreversible aggregation to the amyloid state. The dimers therefore must disassociate into monomers prior to forming amyloid fibrils. Here we identify ligands that inhibit amyloid formation by stabilizing the Mcg light chain variable domain dimer and shifting the equilibrium away from the amyloid-prone monomer.
Why trust a theory? Some further remarks (part 1)

I expand on some ideas from my recent review \String theory to the rescue." I discuss my use of Bayesian reasoning. I argue that it can be useful but that it is very far from the central point of the discussion. I then review my own personal history with the multiverse. Finally I respond to some of the criticisms of Ellis and Silk, which initiated this interesting discussion. Prepared for the meeting \Why Trust a Theory? Reconsidering Scientic Method
Athletic Training and Sports Medicine, ed 4

Starkey C, Johnson G, eds. Sudbury, MA 01776, Jones and Barlett Publishers, 2005, hardcover, 705 pp, illus, ISBN: 0-7637-0536-5, $97.95. This text is well organized, well written, and enriched with clear tables, figures, and pictures. The book presents an integrated management approach to injuries related to athletic activities and sports. There are 3 main sections. Throughout the text, there is an abundant use of figures and tables with additional and clear division of clinical techniques and surgical techniques. (A quick reference guide to these figures and tables can be found on the inside cover of the book.) Each chapter in section 2 also concludes with a rehabilitation section that consists of information regarding exercise and other rehabilitation management approaches. Section 1 consists of 4 chapters, each providing a general overview. These chapters discuss integrated injury management, from the pathomechanics of the injury through diagnosis and management, to rehabilitation and return to sports; soft-tissue and bone injury management from qualities of tissue and injury classification to management; and therapeutic medications, …
The Coachella Disaster: How the Puppetmasters of Art of the H3ist Pulled a Victory from the Jaws of Defeat

In this chapter, I frame ARGs (Alternate Reality Games) as conducive to trangressive play because these games themselves are trangressive in nature in a number of ways. ARGs' seemingly open-ended nature characterized by an absence of a predefined rule set and a distinct game space, encourages rule-breaking mindset in players leading to all manner of emergent gameplay enriching the experience. In what follows, however, I examine a case in which this almost backfired. I focus on a live event that occurred in Art of the H3ist at the Coachella Music Festival whereby transgressive play, in conjunction with the failure of technologies implemented in the gameplay, threatened to end the game prematurely. To integrate the emergent gameplay and make amends with the community at large, the game architects invited one of the players who took part in the Coachella incident to become a fictional character in the story, thereby violating one of the sacrosanct rules of ARGs: the curtain that ensures that no out-of-game interactions occur between players and designers. This principle also ensures that players do not cross into the designer's realm. This bold move (in some respects itself transgressive) accounted for player creativity in an unanticipated way and intensified the game for players by giving the story a more dangerous and immediate feel. Ultimately, the Coachella event demonstrates how transgressive play can be innovatively integrated into design, opening doors to new avenues in participation that produce more effective storytelling as well as more compelling gaming.
Neuroinflammation in primary blast neurotrauma: Time course and prevention by torso shielding

Mechanisms of primary blast injury caused by overpressure are not fully understood. In particular, the presence and time course of neuroinflammation are unknown and so are the signatures of reactive inflammatory cells, especially the neuroprotective versus injurious roles of microglia. In general, chronic microglial activation in the injured brain suggests a pro-degenerative role for these reactive cells. In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of microglial activation in the brain of mice exposed to mild-moderate blast in a shock tube. Because, in our previous work, we had found that torso shielding with rigid Plexiglas attenuates traumatic axonal injury in the brain, we also evaluated neuroinflammatory microglial responses in animals with torso protection at 7 days post blast injury. Because of the prominent involvement of the visual system in blast TBI in rodents, activated microglial cells were counted in the optic tract at various time points post-injury with stereological methods. Cell counts (activated microglial cell densities) from subjects exposed to blast TBI were compared with counts from corresponding sham animals. We found that mild-moderate blast injury causes focal activation of microglia in certain white matter tracts, including the visual pathway. In the optic tract, the density of activated microglial profiles gradually intensified from 3 to 15 days post-injury and then became attenuated at 30 days. Torso protection significantly reduced microglial activation at 7 days. These findings shed light into mechanisms of primary blast neurotrauma and may suggest novel diagnostic and monitoring methods for patients. They leave open the question of whether microglial activation post blast is protective or detrimental, although response is time limited. Finally, our findings confirm the protective role of torso shielding and stress the importance of improved or optimized body gear for warfighters or other individuals at risk for blast exposure.
From Anecdote to Analysis: Oral Interviews and New Scholarship in Educational History

Nearly thirty years ago, when oral history was still young, William Cutler III sketched out its role in the rising field of the history of American education. Dozens of scholars had begun to experiment with how tape-recorded interviewing might change the nature of their work, yet by today's standards, its potential contributions were still quite modest. Cutler believed that oral history could help to "fill information gaps in the written record" or "help the historian to understand the atmosphere or milieu" of the times. On occasion, an interview might "corroborate or discredit other sources of information," he wrote, but beyond these simple uses, it was not clear at that time whether tape-recorded interviews would fundamentally change how educational historians interpreted the past. Oral history remained primarily a source of anecdotes; it had not yet become the basis for historical analysis.1 This essay reviews a handful of recent works on American educational history that demonstrate how oral history has gained interpretive ground and reoriented how scholars think about the field. Not only has educational history expanded beyond the realm of formal institutions and elite perspectives, but in the three decades since Cutler's article, our research has grown more interdisciplinary, drawing insights from the related fields of qualitative social science and literary theory. This essay illustrates these trends by focusing on two major topics that have sparked great interest-black education during segregation, and the working lives of women teachers-while also briefly commenting upon new directions in other areas.
Liquid Crystalline Zinc Chloride

The templated syntheses of our zeolite-type frameworks of metal halides frequently result in the formation of glassy phases or viscous liquids that might be described as ambient temperature molten salts. Having discovered that certain of these materials exhibit remarkable birefringence, we have investigated the structure of both the glass and liquid forms of alkylammonium templated zinc chloride materials by neutron and X-ray diffraction, as well as DSC and polarizing microscopy techniques. Further template control using alkylammonium surfactants as directors has yielded an entire family of liquid crystalline materials with up to 90% inorganic content. The compositional dependence of the structure of these liquid crystalline phases suggests that these materials are best described as “solvent-free” lyotropic liquid crystals.
Vortex Dynamics and Dissipation in High Temperature Superconductors — from DC to Microwave Frequencies

A second-order vortex-solid melting transition in twinned Y-Ba-Cu-O single crystals is manifested by two independent types of electrical transport measurements: the electric field (E) versus current density (J) isotherms, and the ac resistivity (ρ) vs current frequency (ω) isotherms. Universal static and dynamic exponents (ν ≈ 2/3 and Ζ ≈ 3, respectively) are found for magnetic fields ranging from 1 to 90 kOe, frequencies ranging from 0 to 2 MHz, magnetic directions parallel and perpendicular to the crystal c-axis, as well as samples with and without proton irradiations. At microwave frequencies, we find that the vortex dissipation in Nd-Ce-Cu-O epitaxial films is consistent with the viscous motion of individual vortices, due to the break down of the critical scaling theory in the high frequency limit.
Investigation on kinds and geographic distribution of rodents in Qinghai province

Objective To learn the kinds and distribution of rodents in Qinghai province. Methods Specimens of rodents were collected in fields and identified according to reference. Results There were 44 kinds of rodents in Qinghai province. Conclusion Mus musculus,Rattus norvegicus and lepus capensis were extensively distributed in Qinghai.Marmota baibacina and Marmota himalayana were distributed in most areas of Qinghai.
Effect of Surface Temperature on Droplet Evaporation

In the present study,the effects of the surface temperature of subtract on the evaporation process of water droplets are investigated experimentally.By analyzing the acquired images of the tiny tracer particles inside the water droplets,the effects of surface temperature on the Maragoni flows inside the droplets and the time evolutions of the contact line,contact angle and the volume change of the droplets during the evaporation process were revealed clearly and quantitatively.The measurement results show that as the surface temperature of substrate decreases,the reducing rates of the droplet volume and contact angle become slow.However,when the surface temperature becomes relatively low(e.g.,T5 ℃),the droplet volume and contact angle are found to increase with time due to the condensation process.
Effects of lidocaine and epinephrine on myocardial preservation following cardiopulmonary bypass in the dog

The effect of lidocaine infusion on the ultrastructural damage to cardiac muscle by normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was assessed in nine dogs. Three dogs received no medication other than pentobarbital (30 mg. per kilogram, administered intravenously), and six dogs were treated with lidocaine after anesthesia. Lidocaine was given as a 2 mg. per kilogram loading dose 10 minutes prior to ischemic arrest, followed by a 2 mg. per minute continuous infusion throughout the experimental period. Three of the lidocaine-treated animals received a single injection of epinephrine (0.5 c.c., 1:10,000) immediately after the start of coronary reperfusion. Biopsies of the left ventricular apex were taken after thoracotomy and 5 minutes after the start of coronary reperfusion. In the nontreated dogs, mitochondria were swollen, cristae disrupted, matrix cleared, sarcomeres fragmented, and glycogen was reduced or absent. Ultrastructural damage to dogs receiving lidocaine alone was limited to some swelling of mitochondria, with focal clearing of matrix and disruption of cristae. Generally, sarcomeres were intact and glycogen was present. Ultrastructural changes in dogs receiving lidocaine with epinephrine generally was similar to those in dogs receiving lidocaine alone, with the exception of the mitochondria. In the lidocaine-epinephrine group, the clearing of mitochondrial matrix and disruption of cristae resembled that seen in the nontreated dogs. The results suggest that lidocaine can protect the integrity of the ischemic myocardium and that, even in therapeutic doses, ionotropic drugs can produce ultrastructural changes which might increase the extent of myocardial ultrastructural damage.
Effect of surface treatments on titanium alloy bonding to lithium disilicate glass-ceramics

Abstract Statement of problem The esthetic challenges of using all-titanium alloy abutments have led to the increasing use of prefabricated titanium inserts bonded to tooth-colored abutments and fixed dental prostheses. Optimal bonding protocols related to the titanium alloy treatment have not been established. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments and cementation procedure combinations of titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium alloy (Ti6Al4V) disks on the bond strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Material and methods A total of 100 computer-aided designed and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) Ti6Al4V disks (4×6.6 mm) were used. As-milled specimens, without surface treatment, were used as controls. Surface treatment variables including alumina airborne-particle abrasion (50 μm, 0.4 MPa, 10 seconds, at 20-mm distance), ceramic etchant gels (5% and 9.5%), and buffered hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching, and etching times (30 and 90 seconds) were assessed. Heat-pressed lithium disilicate disks were fabricated and bonded with resin cements onto the treated surfaces (10 groups; n=10/group) according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 5000 cycles of thermal cycling, a shear bond strength test was conducted using a universal testing machine and a customized fixture with crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey honest significant differences tests were used for statistical analysis (α=.05). Representative specimens were observed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the surface patterns after different treatments. Results The mean ±SD bond strength values ranged from 13.1 ±6.9 MPa to 53.0 ±9.7 MPa. Statistically significant higher shear bond strength values were obtained using airborne-particle abrasion alone or etching with 9.5% HF for 30 seconds without airborne-particle abrasion ( P P >.05). Conclusions Individual treatments with alumina airborne-particle abrasion alone or etching with 95% HF for 30 seconds improved shear bond strength. However, combining alumina airborne-particle abrasion with different HF etching procedures did not.
Teaching Dialectical Behavior Therapy to Psychiatry Residents: The Columbia Psychiatry Residency DBT Curriculum.

Objective Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based psychosocial treatment with efficacy in reducing self-harm behaviors in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study describes and evaluates a clinical curriculum to teach DBT to psychiatry residents, developed at a large urban university hospital. The curriculum objectives are to (1) have psychiatry residents achieve basic understanding of DBT theory and clinical skill, (2) increase residents’ ability and confidence in treating self-harm behaviors (both suicidal behavior and non-suicidal self-injury), and (3) enhance residents’ willingness to treat individuals with BPD.
The influence of trade on Bahamian slave culture

The Bahamian plantations of Wade’s Green and Promised Land are compared using analyses of ceramics, tobacco pipes, and beads. The differences in the distributions revealed are explained by each plantation’s market access. The research is significant because it illustrates conditions where economic models commonly used to interpret archaeological data are mediated by local conditions. Distance and isolation from the point of distribution restricted access to goods and accentuated the planter’s control over the goods available to the slaves in the Bahamas.
C–H addition reactivity of 2-phenylpyridine and 2,2′-bipyridine with pentaphenylborole

The reactions of pentaphenylborole with pyridines with a pendent aryl group in the 2-position, specifically 2-phenylpyridine and 2,2′-bipyridine, readily afforded adducts. Upon thermolysis, the adducts converted to ortho C–H addition products with the two substituents introduced onto the diene on the boracyclic carbon atoms adjacent to boron in a syn fashion. Photolysis of the syn 2-phenypyridine product led to isomerization to the anti conformer which did not readily occur for the 2,2′-bipyridine complex. Such C–H bond reactivity is uncommon for main group elements and provides insight into methodologies to access boron frameworks.
Not completely the new normal: How Human Rights Watch tried to suppress the targeted killing norm

ABSTRACTHow do human rights groups prevent the normalization of practices they find troubling? Existing international relations research provides insights into how states resist the new norms human rights activists introduce into the global arena. But it tells us less about how governments themselves promote norms and how activists push back against this advocacy. This article explores this issue by examining the interplay between Human Rights Watch (HRW) and the United States around the emerging norm of targeted killing. It argues that Bin Laden’s death opened a window of opportunity for the potential emergence of a targeted killing norm, with the United States as its norm advocate. To prevent its emergence, HRW deployed some of the same strategies states have used to suppress the emergence of norms they dislike. In illustrating these dynamics, this article helps us better understand why some norms rise, why some fall, and why they might change over time.
Scoria: a Python module for manipulating 3D molecular data.

Third-party packages have transformed the Python programming language into a powerful computational-biology tool. Package installation is easy for experienced users, but novices sometimes struggle with dependencies and compilers. This presents a barrier that can hinder the otherwise broad adoption of new tools. We present Scoria, a Python package for manipulating three-dimensional molecular data. Unlike similar packages, Scoria requires no dependencies, compilation, or system-wide installation. One can incorporate the Scoria source code directly into their own programs. But Scoria is not designed to compete with other similar packages. Rather, it complements them. Our package leverages others (e.g. NumPy, SciPy), if present, to speed and extend its own functionality. To show its utility, we use Scoria to analyze a molecular dynamics trajectory. Our FootPrint script colors the atoms of one chain by the frequency of their contacts with a second chain. We are hopeful that Scoria will be a useful tool for the computational-biology community. A copy is available for download free of charge (Apache License 2.0) at http://durrantlab.com/scoria/ .
Thoracic Deformity (Tumor) Surgery Complications

As treatment regimens for primary cancer improve, patients are surviving longer and experiencing increased incidence of spinal column metastases. After the lungs and the liver, the skeletal system is the third most common site for metastases (Witham et al, Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2(2):87–94, 2006), with breast, lung, and prostate cancer accounting for greater than 50% of tumor origin sites (Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: Diagnosis and Management of Patients at Risk of or with Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 75. National Collaborating Centre for Cancer (UK). Cardiff (UK), 2008). The typical symptoms of spinal column metastases are pain, mechanical instability, and neurologic deficits. Surgical management of such lesions often requires circumferential decompression with instrumented fixation, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy to the affected levels.
Analysis of Mammography Screening Policies under Resource Constraints

Breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer death for women, can be detected at earlier stages through mammography screening. Therefore, most developed countries implemented populationâ€ based mammography screening programs. However, cost of mammography and limited resources in terms of number of trained personnel and diagnostic machines prevent mammography screening to be adopted by many other countries. In fact, even in resourceâ€ rich countries, there is a growing concern about cost of mammography screening. In this study, we investigate the optimal allocation of limited mammography resources to screen a population. We propose a constrained partially observable Markov decision process (CPOMDP) model that maximizes total expected qualityâ€ adjusted life years of the patients when they are allowed only a limited number of mammography screenings. We use a variable resolution gridâ€ based approximation scheme to convert the CPOMDP model into a mixedâ€ integer linear program and conduct several numerical experiments using breast cancer epidemiology data. We observe that as mammography screening capacity decreases, patients in the 40â€“49 age group should be given the least priority with respect to screening. We further find that efficient allocation of available resources between patients with different risk levels leads to significant qualityâ€ adjusted life year gains, especially for the patients with higher breast cancer risk.
Glaciohydraulic supercooling : a freeze-on mechanism to create stratified, debris-rich basal ice : I. Field evidence

Debris-laden ice accretes to the base of Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., from water that supercools while flowing in a distributed drainage system up the adverse slope of an overdeepening. Frazil ice grows in the water column and forms aggregates, while other ice grows on the glacier sole or on substrate materials. Sediment is trapped by this growing ice, forming stratified debris-laden basal ice. Growth rates of >0.1 m a -1 of debris-rich basal ice are possible. The large sediment fluxes that this mechanism allows may have implications for interpretation of the widespread deposits from ice that flowed through other overdeepenings, including Heinrich events and the till sheets south of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
The Technology Frontier

To economists, the word production means the generation of goods and services that have a value in the marketplace. Thus, production is not just the manufacture of an automobile or a synthetic drug, it is also computer consulting and open heart surgery.
Multifactorial Determinants of Functional Capacity in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Uncoupling of Calf Muscle Perfusion and Metabolism

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by examining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopic (MRS) correlates of functional capacity....
Efficacy and safety of everolimus in hormone receptor positive breast cancer in a developing country: Real-life single institutional experience

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite the staggering improvement in cancer therapeutics. So far, published data illustrate endocrine therapy as the cornerstone treatment for patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. Unfortunately, most patients eventually develop resistance to this treatment. Methods: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition in reversing hormone resistance in the Lebanese breast cancer patients. Efficacy of the intervention according to the independent factors and notable side effects encountered were the primary points of the evaluation. Results: In total, fifty patients received the combination of everolimus and exemestane. The mean age of the study population was 61 ± 11 years. Sensitivity to hormonal therapy before the start of the combination treatment was estimated at 64%. Response rate was 14%, and all patients were partial responders. After regular interval evaluation, the median progression-free survival was 5.2 months since the initiation of therapy. The main toxicities associated with the combination were stomatitis (22%), myalgia (22%), skin toxicity (8%), and hyperglycemia (4%), all Grades 1 and 2. Conclusion: Everolimus has been shown to be effective in overcoming hormonal resistance in Lebanese breast cancer patients with results inferior to those reported in the BOLERO-2 population. The particular differences in molecular and pathological aspects of breast cancer in our region should stimulate the extensive research for a better understanding of the particular pattern of the disease.
Chemical shift perturbation mapping of the Ubc9-CRMP2 interface identifies a pocket in CRMP2 amenable for allosteric modulation of Nav1.7 channels

Drug discovery campaigns directly targeting the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7, a highly prized target in chronic pain, have not yet been clinically successful. In a differentiated approach, we demonstrated allosteric control of trafficking and activity of NaV1.7 by prevention of SUMOylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Spinal administration of a SUMOylation incompetent CRMP2 (CRMP2 K374A) significantly attenuated pain behavior in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain, underscoring the importance of SUMOylation of CRMP2 as a pathologic event in chronic pain. Using a rational design strategy, we identified a heptamer peptide harboring CRMP2's SUMO motif that disrupted the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction, inhibited CRMP2 SUMOylation, inhibited NaV1.7 membrane trafficking, and specifically inhibited NaV1.7 sodium influx in sensory neurons. Importantly, this peptide reversed nerve injury-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the SNI model, supporting the practicality of discovering pain drugs by indirectly targeting NaV1.7 via prevention of CRMP2 SUMOylation. Here, our goal was to map the unique interface between CRMP2 and Ubc9, the E2 SUMO conjugating enzyme. Using computational and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate the enzyme/substrate nature of Ubc9/CRMP2 binding and identify hot spots on CRMP2 that may form the basis of future drug discovery campaigns disrupting the CRMP2-Ubc9 interaction to recapitulate allosteric regulation of NaV1.7 for pain relief.
Force Push: Exploring Expressive Gesture-to-Force Mappings for Indirect 3D Object Manipulation

We present Force Push, a hyper-natural gesture-to-action mapping for object manipulation in virtual reality (VR). It maps hand gestures derived from human-human interaction to physics-driven movement of an object and uses expressive features of gestures to enhance controllability. An initial user study shows both the performance and broader user experience qualities of Force Push as compared to a traditional direct control mapping.
Ideal L2 Self, Visual Learning Styles, and L2 Self Confidence in predicting Language Proficiency and L2WTC: A Structural Equation Modeling

This study intends to identify the interrelationships between motivation, perceptual learning styles, cognitive variables, and language proficiency in a single framework. In particular, the role of the Ideal L2 self, visual learning styles, and L2 confidence for predicting learners’ language proficiency and their willingness to communicate in real life were investigated. The results revealed that visual learning styles have a positive effect on the Ideal L2 self and are indirectly associated with L2 proficiency through the mediating function of motivation. These relationships provide evidence that learners with more vivid images of the distance between their actual and Ideal L2 selves find learning a goal-oriented activity and as a result, are encouraged to make more endeavors to reach higher levels of proficiency. The desire to bridge the gap between their current and ideal selves helps learners reduce anxious arousals and feel more competent to accomplish L2 tasks, which in turn helps learners be more prepared and willing to communicate. Finally, implications for language teachers and policy makers to inspire learners to become more engaged in L2 activities are discussed.
Integrative linear discriminant analysis with guaranteed error rate improvement

Multiple types of data measured on a common set of subjects arise in many areas. Numerous empirical studies have found that integrative analysis of such data can result in better statistical performance in terms of prediction and feature selection. However, the advantages of integrative analysis have mostly been demonstrated empirically. In the context of two-class classification, we propose an integrative linear discriminant analysis method and establish a theoretical guarantee that it achieves a smaller classification error than running linear discriminant analysis on each data type individually. We address the issues of outliers and missing values, frequently encountered in integrative analysis, and illustrate our method through simulations and a neuroimaging study of Alzheimer’s disease.
Updating the Model: The Case for Independent Pharmacy to Embrace Digital Health

Objectives: To advocate for independent pharmacy to embrace digital health as a means to improve patient outcomes and compete more strongly in an increasingly competitive business environment. Summary: Independent pharmacies are positioned to be at the forefront of adopting digital health tools for a variety of reasons. They often can make changes to their business model faster than a major retail chain, are often in rural locations where few other providers are located, and are already starting to offer the types of clinical services that can be greatly aided by digital health. This commentary presents the case for a change in the current model of pharmacy practice to one which embraces digital health. The role of the pharmacist would grow beyond exclusively medication management to incorporate tools such as wearable health trackers and mobile phone applications. By utilizing digital health, the pharmacist can obtain a greater amount of patient health data via an asynchronous electronic uploading process, and then use that data to further improve their ability to offer clinical services. Conclusion: Digital health is a powerful tool that should be embraced by independent pharmacy. By leveraging digital health, pharmacies can improve both accessibility and quality of care, thus providing a competitive advantage in the retail marketplace. Article Type: Commentary
‘Other minority’: multi-ethnic school desegregation experiences in two Chicago communities

Through the use of oral history and historical research, this article examines how housing segregation, and school integration and desegregation combined to elevate Latinos over blacks in two Chica...
Understanding the influence of orientation, time-of-day and blind use on user’s lighting choices and energy consumption using immersive virtual environments

In addition to its influence on lighting energy consumption, lighting systems also impact the cooling and heating energy consumption, which originates from the use of artificial lighting and/or bli...
When Rebels Attack: Quantifying the Impacts of Capturing Territory from the Government in Yemen

Households were adversely affected by the mostly nonviolent capture of Yemen's capital in 2014. Although socioeconomically advantaged households were initially better able to cope with the shock th...
Practice and Problems of Evaluation: A Conference Synthesis

The task of the “relator” is to identify some of the major threads of the papers, the critiques and the oral discussion and to try to weave from them a more or less coherent summary of what this conference was all about. I have tried to prepare a mixture of summary and personal reaction to some of the issues that have arisen. This turned out to be a task that resembles what a friend of mine calls “suturing clouds”, for the discussion in these four days has been extremely wide ranging. About a dozen points stand out, however, and will serve well enough as a framework for these concluding comments.