cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori: Are emergency medicine residents at risk?

Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. It is a cause of chronic active gastritis. Our hypothesis was that Emergency Physicians might be at increased risk for infection due to their exposure to gastric contents from procedures performed in the Emergency Department. Our goal was to test a group of Emergency Physicians for H. pylori infection. In this cross sectional study, we tested a group of volunteers from an Emergency Medicine residency program for H. pylori infection by serum analysis for IgG. A matched control group was also tested. Forty-five subjects were enrolled; one subject's sample was lost. Three of 44 subjects (6.8%) were positive for H. pylori antibodies. Seven of 44 controls (15.9%) tested positive. Thus, Emergency Physicians do not have increased H. pylori infection rates and may be at less risk than the general population. Routine testing is not recommended.
The genetic control of antibody specificity.

The immune response to a synthetic polypeptide built on multichain polyproline, poly-L-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-L-Pro-poly-L-Lys [(T,G)-Pro--L], in the offspring of a cross between DBA/1 and SJL mice is under a genetic control superficially similar to the one operating for the immune response to a similar synthetic polypeptide built on multichain polyalanine, poly-L-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala-poly-L-Lys [(T,G)-A--L], in the offspring of a cross between CBA and C57 mice. In both cases, the genetic control is a quantitative trait in which the major gene(s) is (are) dominant and the trait is not linked to any of the known structural genes coding for mouse immunoglobulin heavy chains. However, the genetic control of response to (T, G)-Pro--L, designated immune response-3 (Ir-3), is qualitatively different from the one operating for (T,G)-A--L [immune response-1 (Ir-1)] in that it is not linked to the histocompatibility-2 (H-2) locus. A study of the immune response to a related polypeptide built on multichain polyproline, poly-L-(Phe,Glu)-poly-L-Pro-poly-L--Lys [(Phe, G)-Pro--L], in the DBA/1 x SJL cross has shown a genetic control of antibody specificity. F(1) x DBA/1 backcross anti-(Phe, G)-Pro--L sera segregate in their ability to bind (T,G)-Pro--L, and there is no linkage of anti-(T,G)-Pro--L binding capacity with the H-2(s) allele of the SJL grandparent. F(1) x SJL anti-(Phe, G)-Pro-L sera segregate in their capacity to bind poly-L-(Phe,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala-poly-L-Lys [(Phe, G)-A--L] and the ability to bind (Phe, G)-A--L is clearly linked to the H-2(q) allele from the DBA/1 grandparent. Thus, in mice all responding well to a given antigen [(Phe, G)-Pro--L], the specificity of the antibodies produced [i.e., anti-(Phe,G) or anti-prolyl] is genetically determined. Cross-inhibition of binding m (DBA/1 x SJL)F(1) anti-(Phe,G)-Pro--L antisera indicates that the anti-(Phe,G) and anti-prolyl specificities are a function of two separate and largely non-crossreacting antibody populations.
COMORBIDITY OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS WITH OTHER UNEXPLAINED CLINICAL CONDITIONS

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aims of this review are 1) to consider the hypothesis that interstitial cystitis (IC) is not a single disease entity in all patients by reviewing the evidence for the presence of IC subtypes and for the comorbidity of various unexplained clinical conditions in some patients with IC, and 2) to describe recent results obtained in humans and in cats with severe feline IC (FIC) that suggest the presence of an underlying neuroendocrine abnormality.Materials and Methods: The IC literature concerning comorbidity with other disorders was reviewed and these findings were compared with those of investigators studying the comorbid disorders and comparable data on cats with FIC.Results: A significant overlap of symptoms exists among a number of unexplained clinical conditions and a common stress response pattern of increased sympathetic nervous system function in the absence of comparable activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis occurs in a subset of patients with many of these condi...
Thermally nitrided stainless steels for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plates: Part 1: Model Ni–50Cr and austenitic 349™ alloys

Abstract Thermal nitridation of a model Ni–50Cr alloy at 1100 °C for 2 h in pure nitrogen resulted in the formation of a continuous, protective CrN/Cr2N surface layer with a low interfacial contact resistance. Application of similar nitridation parameters to an austenitic stainless steel, 349™, however, resulted in a discontinuous mixture of discrete CrN, Cr2N and (Cr,Fe)2N1−x (x = 0–0.5) phase surface particles overlying an exposed γ austenite-based matrix, rather than a continuous nitride surface layer. The interfacial contact resistance of the 349™ was reduced significantly by the nitridation treatment. However, in the simulated PEMFC environments (1 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm F− solutions at 70 °C sparged with either hydrogen or air), very high corrosion currents were observed under both anodic and cathodic conditions. This poor behavior was linked to the lack of continuity of the Cr-rich nitride surface formed on 349™. Issues regarding achieving continuous, protective Cr-nitride surface layers on stainless steel alloys are discussed.
A Folk Medicine for Diabetes Mellitus

Tillandsia usneoides L. (Bromeliaceae), an epiphyte commonly referred to as Spanish moss, grows in abundance on the southeastern Coastal Plain (Garth, 1964). Chemically, the plant has been found to...
Gain and noise characterization of EDFAs for WDM applications

In summary, a number of methods have been developed, permitting accurate measurement of the gain and noise figure of WDM amplifiers. Gain and noise figure measurement methods for single-channel and WDM Er-doped fibre amplifiers have many similarities. The differences arise namely in the way the source spontaneous emission can be treated, the requirement of multiwavelength sources, and WDM specific gain measurement requirements.
Characterization of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) with Raman spectroscopy

The Raman spectrum of uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) is unambiguously characterized with multiple Raman excitation laser sources for the first time. Across different laser excitation wavelengths, UF4 demonstrates 16 distinct Raman bands within the 50-400 cm-1 region. The observed Raman bands are representative of various F-F vibrational modes. UF4 also shows intense fluorescent bands in the 325 – 750 nm spectral region. Comparison of the UF4 spectrum with the ZrF4 spectrum, its crystalline analog, demonstrates a similar Raman band structure consistent with group theory predictions for expected Raman bands. Additionally, a demonstration of combined scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in situ Raman spectroscopy microanalytical measurements of UF4 particulates shows that despite the inherent weak intensity of Raman bands, identification and characterization are possible for micron-sized particulates with modern instrumentation. The published well characterized UF4 spectrum is extremely relevant to nuclear materials and nuclear safeguard applications.
Comparative Recoveries of Chlamydia from Urethral Specimens Using Glass Vials and Plastic Microtiter Plates

Urethral specimens known to contain Chlamydia were stored at –70 C in transport medium (2SP). For the test, circular glass coverslips were placed in the bottom of each culture vessel (glass shell vials and plastic microtiter plates [5 by 15 cm]) and seeded with McCoy’s cells in medium containing 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. After 72 hours, cultures were inoculated with the specimens, and after 72 additional hours the monolayers on the coverslips were stained with iodine. Of 43 specimens, Chlamydia was recovered from 29 in glass vials but only from three in plastic plates ( P < .001). Chlamydia isolates could be passed serially only by vial-to-vial transfer; losses of 1,800 inclusion-forming units occurred after one subpassage from plates to either vials or plates. The extents of inactivation at 36 C of Chlamydia suspended in medium and placed in plastic plates and in glass vials were similar after seven hours. A substance toxic for Chlamydia could not be demonstrated in the plastic plates. Any new system for isolating Chlamydia from clinical specimens should be evaluated by comparison with culturing in glass vials.
Gynecologic Safety of Conjugated Estrogens Plus Bazedoxifene: Pooled Analysis of Five Phase 3 Trials.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate gynecologic safety of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene treatment for menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis prevention in nonhysterectomized women. Materials and Methods: We pooled data from five randomized, placebo-controlled trials of conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/bazedoxifene 20 mg (n = 1583), conjugated estrogens 0.45 mg/bazedoxifene 20 mg (n = 1585), and placebo (n = 1241). Gynecologic safety was evaluated by pelvic examination, Papanicolaou smear, endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, mammogram, adverse events, and diary records of vaginal bleeding and breast pain/tenderness. Incidence rates and relative risks (RR) versus placebo were calculated with inverse variance weighting. Data for conjugated estrogens 0.45 mg/medroxyprogesterone acetate 1.5 mg, an active comparator in two trials (n = 399), are included for comparison. Results: Endometrial hyperplasia occurred in <1% (n = 4 [0.3%], 2 [0.2%], 1 [0.5%], and 2 [0.2%] for conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/bazedoxif...
CYTOKINES AND CANCER CACHEXIA

A by-product of cancer (and of other chronic diseases or severe trauma), cachexia appears to be mediated by various cytokines. The first to be identified—tumor necrosis factor—may be a principal mediator. With molecular cloning techniques, future treatment strategies could include blockade of TNF activity using highly specific reagents.
Partnerships in Learning: A Collaborative Project between Higher Education Students and Elementary School Students

Higher education and K-12 school partnerships are typically designed with an end-goal that serves the instructional needs of one group over the other. For this project, a university professor and elementary school instructor used problem-based and project-based learning strategies to design a curriculum that served the academic needs of both groups of students. Undergraduate students in an urban planning course partnered with elementary students from a local school to work on an interdependent civic engagement project. The partnership provided innovative, twenty-first teaching for both groups of students while also reinforcing public service.
On Clustering Without Replication in Combinatorial Circuits

In this paper, we consider the problem of clustering combinatorial circuits for delay minimization, when logic replication is not allowed CN. The problem of delay minimization when logic replication is allowed CA has been well studied, and is known to be solvable in polynomial-time [8]. However, unbounded logic replication can be quite expensive. Thus, CN is an important problem. We show that selected variants of CN are NP-hard. We also obtain approximability and inapproximability results for these problems.
Expression of peptide YY in all four islet cell types in the developing mouse pancreas suggests a common peptide YY-producing progenitor

The islets of Langerhans contain four distinct endocrine cell types producing the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. These cell lineages are thought to arise from a common, multipotential progenitor cell whose identity has not been well established. The pancreatic and intestinal hormone, peptide YY, has been previously identified in glucagon-producing cells in islets; however, transgenic mice expressing Simian Virus 40 large T antigen under the control of the peptide YY gene expressed the oncoprotein in beta, delta and pancreatic polypeptide cells, and occasionally developed insulinomas, suggesting relationships between peptide YY-producing cells and several islet cell lineages. The four established pancreatic islet cell types were examined for coexpression of peptide YY in islets of normal and transgenic mice throughout development. Peptide YY immunoreactivity was identified in the earliest endocrine cells in the fetal pancreas and was coexpressed in each islet cell type during development. Peptide YY showed a high degree of co-localization with glucagon- and insulin-producing cells in early pancreatic development, but by adulthood, peptide YY was expressed in less than half of the alpha cells and was no longer expressed in beta cells. Peptide YY was also coexpressed with somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide when these cell types first appeared, but most delta and pancreatic polypeptide cells continued to express peptide YY throughout development. The use of conditions that distinguish peptide YY from the related peptides, pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y, as well as the ability of the peptide YY gene to direct expression of a reporter gene in islets of transgenic mice, establishes expression of peptide YY in the earliest pancreatic endocrine cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neutral molecule/crown ether interactions 5. Comparison of the C−H acidic interactions of nitromethane and acetonitrile with 18-crown-6 and dibenzo-18-crown-6. Crystal structures of dibenzo-18-crown-6·2 CH3NO2 and dibenzo-18-crown-6·2 CH3CN

Complete structural characterization of dibenzo-18-crown-6·2 CH3NO2 and dibenzo-18-crown-6·2 CH3CN have been carried out, including location and refinement of the methyl hydrogen atoms. Dibenzo-18-crown-6·2 CH3NO2 is monoclinic,P21/c, with (at −150°C)a=9.573(2),b=14.636(2),c=33.471(7) A, β=93.77(2)°, andDcalc=1.37 g cm−3 forZ=8. Interactions between the solvent methyl groups and the crown ethers and other solvent nitro groups associate the 1 : 2 complexes into polymeric chains alongb. The acetonitrile adduct exists as discreet 1 : 2 complexes in the solid state with C−H...O interactions exlusively to the ether. This complex is triclinic,P 1, with (at −150°C)a=9.458(6),b=9.570(5),c=14.404(5) A, α=73.18(4), β=79.85(5), γ=66.82(6)°, andDcalc=1.28 g cm−3 forZ=2.
Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient with Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents only 1–2 % of all thyroid cancers in the USA [1]. Although MTC is relatively rare, optimal management requires the clinician to be familiar with the details of genetics, pathology, endocrinology, surgery, and radiology that specifically pertain to MTC. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the current standard-of-care preoperative evaluation of the patient with MTC.
A teratological case in the family Idiostolidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Idiostoloidea)

Abstract A teratosis is described for the first time in the family Idiostolidae; more specifically a female of Idiostolus insularis (Berg, 1881). The specimen was collected in Punta Arenas, Magallanes Region, Chile. The malformation is classified as an oligomery in the right antennae, and it is believed that it was caused probably due regeneration after an injury during an early instar. Resumen Se describe por primera vez una teratosis en la familia Idiostolidae, especificamente en una hembra de Idiostolus insularis (Berg, 1881) recolectada en Punta Arenas, Region de Magallanes, Chile. La malformacion se clasifica como una oligomeria en la antena derecha, y se cree que fue causada por alguna herida o trauma durante algun instar previo.
Tourette’s Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis 1

A case of Tourette’s syndrome in association with neurofibromatosis 1 is reported in an 11-year-old boy evaluated at the Instituto de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru.
Folate reductase of the amethopterin-resistant Streptococcus faecium var. durans-Ak. I. Inhibition by amethopterin and methasquin, a new quinazoline antifolate.

The amethopterin-resistant bacterium Streptococcus faecium var. durans/Ak (SF/Ak) synthesizes at least two species of tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase. The more abundant species, designated folate reductase, catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide-dependent reductions of folate and dihydrofolate. It has been purified 68-fold and resolved from a minor species. The minor species of enzyme apparently is the specific dihydrofolate reductase, which is prevalent in the amethopterin-sensitive parent strain, S. faecium var. durans/O (SF/O), and mediates only dihydrofolate reduction. Folate reductase has an estimated molecular weight of 22,500. Like the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenases of animal sources, it catalyzes dihydrofolate reduction more rapidly than folate reduction. Several kinetic characteristics of folate and dihydrofolate reduction were determined. Similarities between the folate reductase of SF/Ak and the nonbacterial tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenases pointed to the usefulness of this bacterial folate reductase in evaluating the reductase-inhibitory activity of new chemicals synthesized as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Analyses of the inhibition of folate and dihydrofolate reduction by amethopterin and by a new quinazoline antifolate, N-[p-[[(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-quinazolinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-aspartic acid, designated methasquin, suggested that the latter may be beneficial clinically and, perhaps, more effective than amethopterin. The enzyme-methasquin interaction is slightly firmer than the enzyme-amethopterin interaction and, unlike the latter, is relatively independent of experimental conditions.
“They Enjoy Syrup and Ghee at Tables of Silver and Gold”: Infant Loss in Ancient Mesopotamia

The present study draws on interdisciplinary research to establish an interpretative framework for an analysis of the material and textual evidence concerning infant loss in ancient Mesopotamia (c. 3000-500 BCE ). This approach rejects the notion that high infant mortality rates result in widespread parental indifference to infant loss, arguing instead that underlying biological and transcultural realities inform human responses to this phenomenon. With this conclusion in mind, a review of ancient Mesopotamian archaeological evidence reveals patterns of differential infant burial; while the interpretation of these patterns is uncertain, the broader contexts of infant burials in ancient Mesopotamia do not point to parental indifference, but rather the opposite. The available textual evidence in turn indicates that ancient Mesopotamians valued their infants, sought actively to protect them from harm, and mourned deeply when they died, a conclusion that is not controverted by evidence of infant exposure.
What Framing Analysis Can Teach Us about History Textbooks, Peace, and Conflict

What is taught in schools, of which history curriculum is an important part, is often a reflector of existing social and political conditions. When a historical narrative is published in a textbook, it illustrates the “commonplaces of historical thinking of a certain place and time” and tells us how those in power understand their positions (Dance, 1960, p. 56). The truism that “the victor writes history” reflects this common understanding.
Upper Airway Reflexes are Preserved During Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Children With Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Study Objectives:The assessment of pharyngeal collapsibility is difficult to perform in children under normal sleep. An alternative is to perform the assessment under an anesthetic, such as dexmede...
Habitat Selection Important for Red Snapper Feeding Ecology in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico

AbstractThe present study compared Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus feeding ecology among seasons, sizes, and natural reefs, and between natural and artificial reefs located on the Louisiana shelf edge. As low-quality diets may hinder growth, reduce condition, and lead to poor reproductive output, information on diets for various habitat types occupied by Red Snapper is critical. This study utilized both stomach content analysis and nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotope analysis of muscle tissue. Fishes dominated Red Snapper diets at all sites, in all seasons, and generally for all size-classes. A high biomass of zooplankton was consumed at the artificial reef area and during spring. The largest natural reef provided the widest diversity of prey items, and there was little overlap in prey species consumed between natural and artificial reef habitats. Higher δ15N and lower δ13C values were found for Red Snapper at the artificial reef area, and contrary to the diet results, distinct isotopic nich...
Teaching and Theorizing Religion and Food

Editor's introduction to Bulletin for the Study of Religion on the thematic issue "teaching and theorizing religion and food". Briefly touches on the rise of scholarship on food and religion, especially along pedagogical lines, and uses his own course on the topic as a beginning point to present the set of articles to follow.
The Role of Transition Metal Ions in Biological Oxidation and Related Processes

Proteins perform many functions in support of life. Some serve as structural materials; others transport gases in the bloodstream between lungs and tissues; still others are involved in blood coagulation; a few are hormones. Large in number and diverse in structure are the enzymes, catalysts for the multitude of chemical reactions of degradation, synthesis, and transformation continuously going on in all biological systems. Many enzymes, particularly those involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, contain metal ions of the first and second “transition series” as “prosthetic groups”. We begin by describing what is meant by the terms “transition series” and “prosthetic groups”.
Upper bounds on the radiation efficiency of electrically small antennas

Limitations on the quality factor for small antennas have been thoroughly treated in the past. However, the radiation efficiency often dictates the minimum antenna size in many practical scenarios. Here, radiation from a thin metallic shell is analyzed using the Chu circuit model to establish upper bounds on the radiation efficiency of electrically small antennas in terms of the size, metal conductivity, and operating frequency.
Embattled Embodiment: The Sexual/Intellectual Politics of Humor in Mary McCarthy’s Writing

Sabrina Fuchs Abrams examines the conflicted identity of the sexual intellectual in McCarthy’s writing, and how McCarthy uses satire as a way of masking her social critique through the socially acceptable form of laughter. McCarthy has been termed a “bitch intellectual” and a “modern American bitch” for her at times aggressive, sexual, and cerebral stance, a label that she has countered in part through her outward feminine appearance and her interest in the “domestic arts” of cooking, fashion, and gardening as well as through the double-edged power of humor. Fuchs Abrams looks at McCarthy’s satiric treatment of the sexual intellectual in The Company She Keeps and her autobiographical writing and the ways in which the woman of wit challenges traditional gender roles through the indirection of humor.
Diversifying the Software Stack Using Randomized NOP Insertion

Software monoculture is a significant liability from a computer security perspective. Single attacks can ripple through networks and affect large numbers of vulnerable systems. A simple but unusually powerful idea to solve this problem is to use artificial diversity in software systems. After discussing the design space of introducing artificial diversity, we present an in-depth performance analysis of our own technique: randomly inserting non-alignment NOP instructions. We observe that this technique has a moderate performance impact and demonstrate its real world applicability by diversifying a full system stack.
Polytopes and Manifolds

This chapter extends the review of geometrical ideas from the previous chapters to include geometrical objects in higher dimensions. These include hyper-surfaces and “ghyper-polyhedra” (or polytopes) in ℝn. A parametric description of an m-dimensional embedded manifold1 in an n-dimensional Euclidean space is of the form x = x(q) where x e ℝn and q e ℝm with m ≤ n. If m = n-1, then this is called a hyper-surface. An implicit description of an m-dimensional embedded manifold in ℝn is a system of constraint equations of the form φi(x) = 0 for i = 1,..., n-m. In the context of engineering applications, the two most important differences between the study of two-dimensional surfaces in ℝ3 and m-dimensional embedded manifolds in ℝn are: (1) there is no crossproduct operation for ℝn; and (2) if m ≪ n, it can be more convenient to leave behind Rn and describe the manifold intrinsically. For these reasons, modern mathematical concepts such as differential forms and coordinate-free differential geometry can be quite powerful.
Isolation of Focal Rod Electroretinograms From the Dark-Adapted Human Eye

Purpose. To isolate focal rod electroretinograms (ERGs) from the dark-adapted human eye. Methods. In two normal volunteers, dark-adapted focal rod ERGs were recorded from the peripheral retina in response to 30° diameter blue flashes of varying retinal illuminance and from different retinal regions in response to 10° diameter bright blue flashes. Dark-adapted focal rod ERGs also were recorded from a patient with the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) and an enlarged blind spot in response to 30° diameter blue flashes presented within and outside the scotoma. The slower and larger stray light rod component elicited by these flashes was removed by subtracting the matching rod response to a dimmer, full-field flash, or was ignored when it did not overlap the faster and smaller focal rod component. Results. The focal rod ERG had a waveform and sensitivity similar to those of the full-field rod ERG, was approximately proportional in amplitude to the density of rods directly illuminated, and was nondetectable within the retinal area corresponding to the enlarged blind spot of the patient with MEWDS. Conclusions. Focal rod ERG a- and b-waves, in response to stimuli as small as 10°, can be recorded from different regions of the dark-adapted human retina to evaluate localized rod function. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37:930-934.
The Talar-Tilt Angle and the Fibular Collateral Ligaments

1. A device has been developed to measure talar tilt in both ankles simultaneously in comparable positions with equal stress on each.2. An accurate and reproducible method for measuring the talar tilt has been used on 100 male subjects (200 ankles). These included 152 normal ankles, thirty-eight ank
A multimodality work-up of patients with Hypereosinophilia.

The work-up of patients with hypereosinophilia (HE) is complex. Following the recently revised World Health Organization criteria, we retrospectively reviewed 125 patients who were referred to us to exclude a neoplastic cause of HE (2003-2016). The clinical laboratory work-up confirmed secondary HE in 25 (20%) patients; myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with rearrangements of PDGFRA (n = 9) or PDGFRB (n = 2) (9%); HE associated with a well-defined myeloid neoplasm in 8 (6%); and abnormal bone marrow and/or molecular genetic abnormalities consistent with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), not otherwise specified (NOS) in 21 (17%) patients. For the remaining 60 (48%) patients, a specific diagnosis was not identified, and 56 patients had HE related findings consistent with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), while 4 patients who were asymptomatic. With a median follow up of 35.3 months (range, <1-104), patients with CEL, not otherwise specified (NOS) had a median OS of 26.1 months, significantly inferior to patients with idiopathic HES (not reached, P < .01). Thus, our experience in a single tertiary cancer center shows that the work-up of HE following WHO recommendations requires a multimodality-based approach; and a correct diagnosis determines risk stratification and proper patient management. However, the causes of HE remain unknown in approximately half of referred patients, indicating the need for further studies.
Nerve Agent Incidents and Public Health Preparedness.

Recent international events remind us that nerve agents can be used to attack individuals and create a public health threat. This article provides an overview of the information health care provide...
Regulation of Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins by MicroRNAs in Uterine Leiomyoma

The objective of this study was to determine whether miR-93, miR-29c, and miR-200c, which we previously reported to be downregulated in leiomyomas, target cell cycle regulatory proteins that influence cell proliferation. Based on TargetScan algorithm 3 cell cycle regulatory proteins namely, E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and CDK2 which were predicted to be targets of these miRNAs were further analyzed. In 30 hysterectomy specimens, we found the expression of E2F1 and CCND1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was increased in leiomyoma as compared to matched myometrium, with no significant changes in CDK2 mRNA levels. There was a significant increase in the abundance of all 3 proteins in leiomyoma in comparison with matched myometrium. Using luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated E2F1 and CCND1 are targets of miR-93 and CDK2 is a target of miR-29c and miR-200c. We confirmed these findings through transfection studies in which transfection of primary leiomyoma cells with miR-93 resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of E2F1 and CCND1 mRNA and protein levels, whereas knockdown of miR-93 had the opposite effect. Similarly, overexpression of miR-29c and miR-200c in leiomyoma cells inhibited the expression of CDK2 protein and mRNA, whereas knockdown of this microRNAs (miRNA) had the opposite effect. Transfection of miR-29c, miR-200c, and miR-93 in primary leiomyoma cells resulted in a time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and cell motility. These results collectively indicate that the 3 miRNAs known to be downregulated in fibroid tumors are critical in regulation of cell proliferation because of their effects on 3 key cell cycle regulatory proteins, which are overexpressed in uterine leiomyomas.
The Tiny Java Library for Maintaining Model Provenance

We present a small library for maintaining the provenance of objects in a software model called The Tiny Java Library for Maintaining Model Provenance (TJLP). A unique characteristic of the library is that it may be applied to existing software models with minimal modification. The library allows the software developer to introduce the ability to move back (undo) and forward (redo) through an object’s instance history with minor alteration of existing code. The requirement is that the model implements the Model interface. Finally, methods that are considered critical in the object’s provenance are adorned with an Undoable annotation. The code necessary to maintain the object’s history is automatically inserted into the critical, undoable-method bytecode when the class definition is loaded by an extended class loader. The states of the model objects are preserved both in memory and on disk to accommodate various computer system configurations. The library performs well for small to medium size models using the default settings, but it may be customized in order to perform better with larger models – especially if the model size approaches the RAM of the underlying computer system.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Cardiac Disease

This chapter reviews primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. Also reviewed is stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and in abnormal or prosthetic cardiac valves.
Space-Time Wave Packets That Propagate in Optical Materials at the Speed of Light in Vacuum

We experimentally demonstrate specially structured wave packets that traverse non-dispersive optical materials (liquids, glasses, and crystals) at the speed of light in vacuum, independently of the refractive index of the material.
14 – Alcohol and Drug Abuse

Publisher Summary Alcohol and drug abuse is a widespread and significant problem among adolescents. Indeed, the identification and assessment of these disorders are complicated by unpredictable and potentially fatal physiological interactions resulting from overdose and simultaneous use of multiple substances, the presence of comorbid psychiatric and behavioral disorders that often mask or resemble symptoms of substance abuse, high risk of suicide due to the behavioral and chemical influences of substance use, and high potential for child maltreatment. Therefore, substance abuse must be assessed utilizing a comprehensive battery of empirically validated measures. This chapter describes various behavioral assessment procedures and strategies that are appropriate for use in substance-abusing and -dependent youth, including their research support and clinical utility. A behavioral conceptualization of substance abuse occurs within the context of assessment, including a systematic method of utilizing assessment results in the process of treatment planning. The chapter emphasizes that the assessment of adolescent substance abuse and substance dependence is a comprehensive process that includes psychological evaluation of various comorbid disorders and related problems. From the point of initial contact with the family, assessment is ongoing and may occur in a variety of settings, including outpatient and inpatient medical facilities, homes, psychiatric hospitals, psychological practices, detention centers, and correctional facilities.
An Electronically delivered, Patient-activation tool for Intensification of medications for Chronic Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction: Rationale and design of the EPIC-HF trial.

Background Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) benefits from initiation and intensification of multiple pharmacotherapies. Unfortunately, there are major gaps in the routine use of these drugs. Without novel approaches to improve prescribing, the cumulative benefits of HFrEF treatment will be largely unrealized. Direct-to-consumer marketing and shared decision making reflect a culture where patients are increasingly involved in treatment choices, creating opportunities for prescribing interventions that engage patients. Hypothesis Encouraging patients to engage providers in HFrEF prescribing decisions will improve the use of guideline-directed medical therapies. Design The Electronically delivered, Patient-activation tool for Intensification of Chronic medications for Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction (EPIC-HF) trial randomizes patients with HFrEF to usual care versus patient-activation tools—a 3-minute video and 1-page checklist—delivered prior to cardiology clinic visits that encourage patients to work collaboratively with their clinicians to intensify HFrEF prescribing. The study assesses the effectiveness of the EPIC-HF intervention to improve guideline-directed medical therapy in the month after its delivery while using an implementation design to also understand the reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of this approach within the context of real-world care delivery. Study enrollment was completed in January 2020, with a total 305 patients. Baseline data revealed significant opportunities, with Summary The EPIC-HF trial assesses the implementation, effectiveness, and safety of patient engagement in HFrEF prescribing decisions. If successful, the tool can be easily disseminated and may inform similar interventions for other chronic conditions.
Personalized Anesthesia for the Elderly

The elderly patient population is increasing over time and they require more surgical interventions. In order to provide a safe and effective anesthesia we must recognize the age related issues and needs and tailor a personalized anesthesia plan that not only takes the patient safely through the perioperative period but also enables them to maintain the same level of functional activity and independence that they enjoyed prior to the procedure.
CDA/CDS and Its Interdisciplinary Connections

This chapter clarifies and underscores the importance of interdisciplinarity in CDA/CDS research, and then provides an overview of its salient and well-known connections to other areas of scholarship. While we do not claim to capture every area that CDA/CDS has influenced or been influenced by, we cover those that explicitly make a connection to, and/or integrate, CDA/CDS perspectives and theories, and we also note when the relationship is two-way. Our discussion will include the following fields: critical applied linguistics, education, anthropology/ethnography, sociolinguistics, gender studies, queer linguistics, pragmatics and ecolinguistics. For each one, we describe the major focus of research as well as important concepts and how they connect to, or derive from, CDA/CDS. We then provide examples of work in each of these areas including a detailed list of references for each section for those interested in knowing more.
Preoperative Fatty Infiltration of the Teres Minor Negatively Affects Postoperative Outcomes in Patients With Rotator Cuff Pathology.

Background:The teres minor is a critical component of the rotator cuff and serves as one of the few external rotators of the humerus. Information is lacking regarding the effect of teres minor atro...
Novel Devices to Aid Completion of Intracorporeal Anastomoses

Technology has been at the forefront of laparoscopic and robotic surgery since its inception. Continuing with that input is the development of novel devices to aid in the performance of intracorporeal anastomosis. Included in this short chapter are two such developments. One of them is specific to left side of the colon and the rectum, while the other will have much more use on the rest of the intestinal tract. Both of the novel technologies are included to give the practicing surgeon an idea of possible future additions to the armamentarium of intracorporeal anastomosis.
Respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells exhibit differential susceptibility and innate immune responses to contemporary EV-D68 isolates

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and is associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 is often detected in patient respiratory samples but has also been detected in stool and wastewater, suggesting the potential for both respiratory and enteric routes of transmission. Here, we used a panel of EV-D68 isolates, including a historical pre-2014 isolate and multiple contemporary isolates from AFM outbreak years, to define the dynamics of viral replication and the host response to infection in primary human airway cells and stem cell-derived enteroids. We show that some recent EV-D68 isolates have decreased sensitivity to acid and temperature compared with earlier isolates and that the respiratory, but not intestinal, epithelium induces a robust type III interferon response that restricts infection. Our findings define the differential responses of the respiratory and intestinal epithelium to contemporary EV-D68 isolates and suggest that a subset of isolates have the potential to target both the human airway and gastrointestinal tracts.
Effects of a patchy food environment across life history stages

Many animals experience periods of feast or famine, which can have major consequences for growth, survival, and reproductive fitness. For animals with complex life histories, the question remains whether a major ontogenetic transition, such as metamorphosis, removes the legacy of early diet variability, or if early stressors persist into later stages. This study examined the effect of constant versus variable food availability and average food concentration during the larval stage on the performance of the marine gastropod Crepidula fornicata (L.) before and after metamorphosis. There was no detectable effect of variable food availability on larval growth, energy stores, survival, and metamorphic competence, or juvenile growth rate and survival. Instead, the average amount of food available during the larval period had the greatest impact on larval size and metamorphic competence. Surprisingly, there were no impacts of larval diet on growth or survival during the juvenile stage. Differences that originated during the larval stage were removed post-metamorphosis. These results suggest that some organisms may be resilient to variations in food availability and that not all early life experiences produce legacy effects. Heterogeneous environments, including variable food availability, should favor flexibility in the timing of ontogenetic transitions that allow individuals to be robust in later life stages.
Reflections on the role of religion in the history of psychiatry

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses reflections on the role of religion in the history of psychiatry. The chapter highlights that most Christian thinkers have seen no inherent contradiction between a medical view of madness and a Christian view that acknowledges the existence of supernatural forces at work in the world. This chapter focuses on Christian thought about mental illness. Islam has a long tradition of compassion for those who are mad and a very complex view of the spiritual implications of madness. The relationship between spirituality and mental disease is somewhat more problematic than that of the relationship between spirituality and physical healing. Early Christian writers certainly never relied entirely on natural explanations for disease because the early church saw supernatural forces at work even where natural factors seemed to be the immediate cause of disease. The scientific revolution of the 17th century and the social and intellectual ferment of the 18th century brought with them changes that affected thinking about madness at a variety of levels. And finally the idea of religious insanity faded with the coming of 20th century psychiatry.
Some Thoughts on Material Stability

The paper is concerned with some underlying physical considerations which bear on the development of restrictions on the strain-energy function for an elastic material which may undergo finite deformations. Some comments are also made on the possible use of the strain-energy function at deformations for which a necessary condition for material stability is violated.
Distribution Substation And Feeder Automation

The automation of distribution substations and feeders uti liring distributed microprocessors is explored. The concept is an integrated systems approach to protection, control, and monitoring functions. A brief description of a prototype installation beginning field tests in mid- I983 is given.
Decentring poverty studies: Middle class alliances and the social construction of poverty

Editors' Note: The following is the tenth in the Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography Lecture Series. It is based on the plenary presentation of 13 April at the AAG held in Seattle in 2011. In this essay I explore relational poverty analysis to take seriously the spatially varied intersections of political-economic, social ordering and cultural-political processes in shaping understandings of poverty. My work as part of the Middle Class Poverty Politics Research Group employs a relational comparative methodology to theorize where, when and under what circumstances those framed as ‘middle class’ act in opposition to or in solidarity with those named as ‘poor’. Our approach focuses on the exploitative effects of capital accumulation, processes of unequal sociospatial categorization and political and discursive systems that limit or exclude the poor. Our research focuses on places experiencing capitalist crisis because intense periods of restructuring highlight material and discursive struggles over poverty. We conclude by identifying a research agenda focused on the ways in which poverty politics are constituted by the nonpoor through place and in the articulation of places with processes of political economy, governance and cultural politics.
Ionotropic GABA receptor antagonism-induced adverse outcome pathways for potential neurotoxicity biomarkers

Antagonism of ionotropic GABA receptors (iGABARs) can occur at three distinct types of receptor binding sites causing chemically induced epileptic seizures. Here we review three adverse outcome pathways, each characterized by a specific molecular initiating event where an antagonist competitively binds to active sites, negatively modulates allosteric sites or noncompetitively blocks ion channel on the iGABAR. This leads to decreased chloride conductance, followed by depolarization of affected neurons, epilepsy-related death and ultimately decreased population. Supporting evidence for causal linkages from the molecular to population levels is presented and differential sensitivity to iGABAR antagonists in different GABA receptors and organisms discussed. Adverse outcome pathways are poised to become important tools for linking mechanism-based biomarkers to regulated outcomes in next-generation risk assessment.
Automatic Code Writing Agent

The idea of an agent that writes your computer code for you at first seems like nonsense, but you can now buy off-the-shelf software to write code. Clearly the critical information must be provided in some way other than typing in the code by hand. The question is whether changing to a new way of providing information is valuable enough to warrant the difficulty of the transition. For critical applications, such as space flight and medicine, the answer to this question turns on whether the new agents can reduce risk while efficiently producing quality code.
Nerve pathways and reflex siphon withdrawal in the surf clam.

1. Neural pathways controlling reflex withdrawal of the siphons have been examined in the surf clam. Conduction-velocity measurements, coupled with intracellular recordings of postsynaptic responses, indicate that the pathways involved are among the fastest in the relevant nerve trunks. 2. Cell bodies of neurons in the efferent limb of the reflex are located in specific paired regions of the visceral ganglion. Their axons are distributed to ipsilateral effectors via branches of the posterior pallial nerve and input to these cells is derived from a wide area of the periphery involving both sides of the animal. This pronounced sensory convergence can adequately account for symmetrical siphon withdrawal. 3. It is concluded from several lines of evidence that fast reflex pathways within the ganglion are monosynaptic in nature. In addition, the prolonged time course of the postsynaptic response to single volleys, and the capabilities of the synaptic contacts for spatial and temporal summation, make it possible to account for after discharges in the efferent pathways lasting a second or more. Prolonged activity from these cells has not been observed in isolated visceral ganglion preparations, and it is possible that the sustained closure is controlled by pathways involving different groups of neurons.
Comparative Temperature-Dependent Growth Rates of Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass Fry

Abstract First-month growth was temperature-dependent for fry of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and smallmouth bass M. dolomieui that were raised simultaneously under identical conditions. Similar temperatures (25–27 C) produced the fastest growth rates in both species, although largemouth bass grew most rapidly at the higher end of this range. Largemouth bass generally grew faster than smallmouth bass, particularly in the 25 to 30 C range (average 1.4 times). Variance about the mean standard length increased at higher temperatures. Differing temperature-dependent growth rates and size distributions for the two species may influence their relative abilities to survive predation and to form strong year classes in temperature regimes that differ due to latitude or weather. Received November 1, 1981 Accepted February 4, 1983