cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A technique for establishing reference nutrient concentrations across watersheds affected by humans

Establishing reference nutrient conditions for rivers and streams is necessary to assess human impact on aquatic ecosystems and protect water quality and biotic integrity. Several methods have been proposed: (1) percentiles from statistical distributions of all rivers and streams in a region or dataset, (2) reference stream approaches, and (3) modeling river networks from existing reference streams. We propose an additional statistical method to estimate the influence of anthropogenic land uses on lotic nutrient concentrations. First, we quantify regional variation by using analysis of covariance, where total nitrogen or total phosphorus is the dependent variable, region is the categorical predictor, and percentage of anthropogenic land use (e.g., cropland, urban land) is the covariate. This allows for the aggregation of regions if there is not a significant regional effect, or if there is a significant regional effect, identifies the need to analyze regions separately. Second, we develop multiple linear regression models with best-model techniques in which anthropogenic land-use classifications are the independent variables, and the logarithms of in-stream nutrient concentrations are the dependent variables. The intercept of these regression models (i.e., expected nutrient concentration in the absence of human activities assuming linear extrapolation to the origin) represents the reference nutrient concentrations. This analysis suggests that larger percentages of cropland and urban land have strong positive influences on in-stream nutrient concentrations, both in eastern Kansas and across the conterminous United States. The most appropriate method for regions may depend on the relative availability of reference sites and other data sources. The covariance/reference approach offers a potential method for regions with limited numbers of reference sites.
Microwave regeneration of zeolites in a 1 meter column

Although sorption is a common method of removing volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from processes, the adsorbent must be regenerated to repeat the process. The use of microwaves to regenerate the bed of adsorbent can be more efficient than conventional heating methods. Desorption of methanol from a silicalite zeolite was studied by the use of microwaves in cylindrical column. Temperature probes at five axial and three radial positions monitored the temperature profile in time. A significant amount of microwave energy passed through the dry zeolite bed, whereas a strong attenuation occurs if methanol is adsorbed. The radial temperature distribution conforms to theoretical predictions; however, microwave reflections cause a distortion of the predictions in the axial direction. Irregularities during the saturation of the bed indicated a chemical reaction during the irradiation with microwaves. A fraction of the methanol reacted under microwave irradiation to form dimethylether and water, and to methoxylate the zeolite surface. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
The Cartesian collapsed‐dimension method for use in numerical 2‐D radiation calculations in absorbing–emitting media

A new numerical approach has been devised for performing accurate absorbing–emitting non-scattering radiation calculations for Cartesian co-ordinate based problems with one ordinate symmetry using only the solution plane formed by the other two ordinates. To accomplish this, the method makes use of ‘effective intensity rays’ which only exist and have meaning in the solution plane of the problem but which are made, through a special procedure, to contain the information of the third dimension. This novel procedure thus eliminates the problem of solid angles and greatly reduces both the complexity and computational expense involved in the solution of such problems. Yet it can do this without producing loss in accuracy. The approach is ultimately intended for use in combustion problems involving high temperatures and optically thin media. For verification purposes the method is applied to the problem of heat exchange in infinitely long rectangular enclosures and is found to give excellent results over a optical thickness range that includes the optically very thin case.
Dual Lipid Modification of Arabidopsis Gγ-Subunits Is Required for Efficient Plasma Membrane Targeting

Posttranslational lipid modifications are important for proper localization of many proteins in eukaryotic cells. However, the functional interrelationships between lipid modification processes in plants remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the two heterotrimeric G-protein gamma-subunits from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AGG1 and AGG2, are prenylated, and AGG2 is S-acylated. In wild type, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-fused AGG1 and AGG2 are associated with plasma membranes, with AGG1 associated with internal membranes as well. Both can be prenylated by either protein geranylgeranyltransferase I (PGGT-I) or protein farnesyltransferase (PFT). Their membrane localization is intact in mutants lacking PFT activity and largely intact in mutants lacking PGGT-I activity but is disrupted in mutants lacking both PFT and PGGT-I activity. Unlike in mammals, Arabidopsis Ggammas do not rely on functional Galpha for membrane targeting. Mutation of the sixth to last cysteine, the putative S-acylation acceptor site, causes a dramatic change in AGG2 but not AGG1 localization pattern, suggesting S-acylation serves as an important additional signal for AGG2 to be targeted to the plasma membrane. Domain-swapping experiments suggest that a short charged sequence at the AGG2 C terminus contributes to AGG2's efficient membrane targeting compared to AGG1. Our data show the large degree to which PFT and PGGT-I can compensate for each other in plants and suggest that differential lipid modification plays an important regulatory role in plant protein localization.
Prostaglandin generation by human and guinea pig lung tissue: Comparison of parenchymal and airway responses

Abstract Anaphylaxis of human lung is accompanied by the synthesis of prostaglandins (PG), including PGF 2α and PGE. In an analysis of the tissue source of these prostaglandins, parenchymal preparations of both human and guinea pig (GP) lungs were compared. Peripheral, relatively airway-free preparations of human lung generate PGF 2α and PGE in response to histamine and 2-methylhistamine, an H 1 agonist, but not to dimaprit, an H 2 agonist. GP parenchymal preparations respond in a similar fashion. Stimulation of these same preparations with KCl or carbachol caused no increase in the synthesis of either PG. In human airway preparations all three agonists (histamine, KCl, and carbachol) caused the selective generation of PGE. However, stimulation of GP airway preparations with the agonists caused the production of both PGE and PGF 2α . These data indicate that (1) human and GP peripheral lung tissues respond to H 1 , but not H 2 , stimulation with the generation of PGF 2α and PGE; (2) these parenchymal responses are specific and may not be attributed to muscle contraction; and (3) stimulation of muscle contraction in human airway preparations results in the selective generation of PGE while GP airways produce both PGE and PGF 2α .
Unexpected high incidence of severe toxicities associated with alpha interferon, low-dose cytosine arabinoside and all-trans retinoic acid in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Preclinical data have shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) can exert significant suppressive effects on Philadelphia-chromosome (Ph)-positive cells. The aim of this study combining IFN-alpha, low-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) and ATRA was to increase the proportion of patients achieving a major cytogenetic response, in comparison with a group of 140 patients previously treated with IFN-alpha plus low-dose ara-C. Forty three patients with Ph-positive CML in early chronic phase were treated with IFN-alpha 5 MU/m2 s.c. daily, low-dose ara-C 10 mg s.c. daily and ATRA 45 mg/m2 orally daily, for 7 consecutive days every other week. Overall, 76% of patients achieved a complete hematologic response (CHR). A cytogenetic response was in observed 59% (major in 38% and complete in 17%). Compared with patients treated with IFN-alpha and low-dose ara-C, those receiving additional ATRA had a lower CHR rate (p. 014), but other response rates were similar. Severe toxicities were common with the triple regimen (64%), mostly related to ATRA therapy. Two patients experienced pseudotumor cerebri; two patients had leukocytosis during the week on ATRA treatment, decreasing during the week off (one suffered a severe asthma-like reaction followed by pulmonary edema, resembling ATRA syndrome). Six patients had other unusual side-effects: aseptic necrosis of the hip (1 patient), ataxic syndrome (1 patient), paranoid syndrome (2 patients), syncopal episodes (1 patient), pure red cell aplasia (1 patient). In conclusion the results of IFN-alpha and low-dose ara-C combined with ATRA in patients with early CML-chronic phase were disappointing, due to excessive toxicity. Whether different ATRA dose schedules may result in fewer side-effects and improve hematologic and cytogenetic response remains to be determined.
Parallel logical inference and energy minimization

The inference capabilities of humans suggest that they might be using algorithms with high degrees of parallelism. This paper develops a completely parallel connectionist inference mechanism. The mechanism handles obvious inferences, where each clause is only used once, but may be extendable to harder cases. The main contribution of this paper is to show formally that some inference can be reduced to an energy minimization problem in a way that is potentially useful.
The Reaction of CN with NO at High Temperatures in Shock Waves

The reaction of CN with NO has been studied between 2200 and 2810 K with a shock tube equipped with two stabilized cw CO lasers using BrCN as the CN radical source. The rates of CO formation and NO removal, measured simultaneously with the lasers, were kinetically modeled employing a detailed reaction mechanism constructed on the basis of the result of our quantum chemical (BAC-MP4) calculations. The kinetic modeling, aided by sensitivity analysis, suggests that the CN+NO reaction occurs primarily by the abstraction channel, producing NCO+N (1), via a triplet NCON intermediate. The rate constant for this reaction can be effectively represented by k 1 = 5.5 x 1012 exp(-15,410/T) cm3/mole.s. This is consistent with the result of the quantum calculations which, however, also indicates the presence of two other minor product channels: CO+N2 (2) and NCN+O (3). The latter is enthalpically limited, whereas the former is entropically controlled because of the tight cyclic transition state, -CNNO-‡.
Distinct Phospholipase C-β Isozymes Mediate Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis and Wound Closure

Maintenance of the epithelial barrier in the intestinal tract is necessary to protect the host from the hostile luminal environment. Phospholipase C-β (PLC-β) has been implicated to control myriad signaling cascades. However, the biological effects of selective PLC-β isozymes are poorly understood. We describe novel findings that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulates PLC-β1 and PLC-β2 via two distinct pathways to enhance intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and migration that facilitate wound closure and recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier. LPA acting on the LPA1 receptor promotes IEC migration by facilitating the interaction of Gαq with PLC-β2. LPA-induced cell proliferation is PLC-β1 dependent and involves translocation of Gαq to the nucleus, where it interacts with PLC-β1 to induce cell cycle progression. An in vivo study using LPA1-deficient mice (Lpar1−/−) shows a decreased number of proliferating IECs and migration along the crypt-luminal axis. Additionally, LPA enhances migration and proliferation of IECs in an LPA1-dependent manner, and Lpar1−/− mice display defective mucosal wound repair that requires cell proliferation and migration. These findings delineate novel LPA1-dependent lipid signaling that facilitates mucosal wound repair via spatial targeting of distinct PLC-βs within the cell.
Nursing, art and science: Revisiting the Two Cultures

I begin this paper by setting out the importance of the Two Cultures debate, given that many nurse authors would agree with Closs's position that the art versus science debate should be closed finally. I suggest that issues are every bit as present and urgent in our current era as they were in the past. A brief tracing of the history of the Two Cultures debate highlights the relevance of the central features of the debate for nursing. I then focus on nursing's current understanding of science and art and attempt to defend science from some of the accusations levelled at it, while also questioning some of the claims made on behalf of the arts. In the latter sections of the paper, I make a case for the development of 'nursing humanities' and argue the vital importance of overcoming the Two Cultures divide for the everyday practices of nurses and midwives.
The Biopsychosocial Characteristics of People Seeking Treatment for Obesity

Background: To determine prospectively the characteristics of obese patients allowed to select either a medically supervised weight-reduction treatment program or a surgical treatment program, both offered at the same location. Methods: This was a cohort study at a university medical center where patients, who self-referred themselves for weight loss treatments, were introduced to two different programs before they were allowed to start either program. Four hundred forty-three patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 45.6 ± 0.5 (85 men, 358 women) self-selected either a combined supplemented fast with behavior modification (DIET, n = 208) or gastric bypass surgery (SURG, n = 235). Three hundred forty of these patients had private insurance (PI,) and 103 were receiving Medicaid/Medicare (publicly funded, PF). Each patient completed a semistructured psychiatric interview, obesity questionnaire, Profile of Mood Status (POMS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and Hollingshead Index. Results: Three distinct groups of patients emerged on the basis of their insurance reimbursement patterns (employed versus disabled or indigent) and biopsychosocial factors. The disabled and/or indigent group receiving PF usually chose SURG (n = 89) because their insurance program covered it, but 14 disabled patients receiving Medicare chose DIET (together labeled the PF:DS group). The PI patients were divided into two groups: SURG (PI:S), n = 146, and DIET (PI: D), n = 194, respectively, based on their program selection. These three groups differed significantly in their biopsychosocial patterns. The PF:DS subjects appeared to have the strongest degree of biologic influence, followed by the PI:S and PI:D subjects. The pattern of social influences was consistent with the pattern of biologic influences and the selection bias created in forming the PF and PI groups. The pattern of psychologic influences, however, did not appear to follow the pattern of biologic and social influences. PF:DS had the strongest psychologic loading, but PI:D had a stronger degree of psychopathologic impairment than PI:S. Conclusions: The significant differences in the biopsychosocial characteristics of these three groups of obese patients need to be considered by policy-makers when they design and review treatment studies and decide what treatment programs should be offered in medical insurance programs.
Investigation of Nanophysical Properties of Aging Polyamide Nanofibrillar Tissue Scaffolds by TEM, SAED, Contact Angle and Raman Spectroscopies

The nanoscale physical properties of newly electrospun polyamide nanofibrillar matrices 3 year old were investigated with transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, contact angle measurements, and Raman spectroscopy. Significant differences in crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and chemistry were found and correspondingly different cell responses by cerebellar granular neurons were observed. The properties of the aged nanofibrillar scaffolds evoked a response for neuron burrowing into a more 3-dimensional environment in addition to better facilitation of neurite outgrowth. The nanophysical properties of tissue scaffolds have been recently shown to directly and indirectly regulate cellular responses. As physical properties can evolve over time, the present investigation addresses the issue of tissue scaffold shelf life, with possible changes in directive signals to cells.
All's Well That Ends Well: Shakespeare's treatment of anal fistula

Textual and contextual evidence suggests that the French king's fistula, a central plot device in Shakespeare's play All's Well That Ends Well, is a fistula-in-ano. Anal fistula was known to the lay public in Shakespeare's time. In addition, Shakespeare may have known of the anal fistula treatise of John Arderne, an ancestor on Shakespeare's mother's side. Shakespeare's use of anal fistula differs from all previous versions of the story, which first appeared in Boccaccio's Decameron and from its possible historical antecedent, the fistula of Charles V of France. This difference makes sense given the conventions of Elizabethan comedy, which included anal humor. It is also understandable when one looks at what wounds in different locations mean in European legend. In this light, it is not surprising that subsequent expurgations treat Boccaccio's and Shakespeare's fistulas differently, censoring only Shakespeare's. This reading has implications for the staging of All's Well That Ends Well, and for our view of the place of anal fistulas in cultural history.
A Late Pleistocene Bird Community at the Northern Edge of the Tropics in Sonora, Mexico

Abstract Recently collected fossils from the late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age) locality at Terapa, Sonora, Mexico, represent 31 species of non-passerine birds. Twenty-three of the species (74%) are aquatic (grebes, pelican, cormorant, herons, ibis, stork, geese, ducks, rails), reflecting the lacustrine environment (marsh, lake) in which the fossils accumulated. The eight non-aquatic species (harrier, kite, two eagles, caracara, quail, killdeer and owl) suggest habitats from grassland to open woodland to desertscrub to tropical thornscrub. Three species are certainly extinct (the duck Anabernicula cf. A. oregonensis, eagle Buteogallus (Wetmoregyps) daggetti and owl Strix brea). Only the owl has been recorded previously in Sonora. A species of large stork (Ciconiidae sp., genus uncertain) probably is extinct as well. Previously unrecorded in Sonora is a kite Ictinia sp. Among the 26 other species (all extant), four have no modern records within 100 km of Terapa (the ibis Plegad...
The General Regression Neural Network to Classify Barcode and mini-barcode DNA

In the identification of living species through the analysis of their DNA sequences, the mitochondrial “cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1” (COI) gene has proved to be a good DNA barcode. Nevertheless, the quality of the full length barcode sequences often can not be guaranteed because of the DNA degradation in biological samples, so that only short sequences (mini-barcode) are available. In this paper, a prototype-based classification approach for the analysis of DNA barcode, exploiting a spectral representation of DNA sequences and a memory-based neural network, is proposed. The neural network is a modified version of General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) used as a classification tool. Furthermore, the relationship between the characteristics of different species and their spectral distribution is investigated. Namely, a subset of the whole spectrum of a DNA sequence, composed by very high frequency DNA k-mers, is considered providing a robust system for the classification of barcode sequences. The proposed approach is compared with standard classification algorithms, like Support Vector Machine (SVM), obtaining better results specially when applied to mini-barcode sequences.
Creative Cognition in Gifted Youth

We focus on the cognitive processes that gifted adolescents bring to bear on creative tasks, particularly open-ended tasks that involve generating novel, candidate ideas and developing those ideas into creative products. We use the Geneplore model of creative cognition as an orienting framework and focus on processes of divergent production, problem finding and construction, and retrieval of conceptual stored knowledge at different levels of abstraction. We consider the extent to which gifted individuals employ those processes differently than individuals who have not been so identified. However, we also incorporate findings regarding motivation, the proclivity toward innovative action, implicit theories, and creative self-concept because, although a complete understanding of creative cognition in the gifted requires attention to cognitive processes, it also requires a consideration of factors outside the purely cognitive realm.
Mainstreaming Civil Rights in the Law School Curriculum

This article embraces the intersection of civil rights issues and criminal law and procedure as an opportunity to genuinely explore relevant concerns of discrimination, abuse of discretion, and injustice with law students. Specific examples of how to infuse the criminal law and criminal procedure curriculum with pertinent civil rights issues are discussed through the use of the Supreme Court cases Whren v. United States and McCleskey v. Kemp. The article describes methods of carving out an academic safe space in the classroom for these important debates of law and policy. It asserts that mainstreaming civil rights issues in required courses provides students with a more complete picture of the legal landscape relevant to the substantive black letter law.
Rotational Stability of Diaphyseal Fractures of the Radius and Ulna Fixed with Compression Plates, Rush Pins, and/or Fracture Bracing

Six fresh cadaver forearms have been studied in order to quantify the rotational stability of both bone fractures of the forearm treated with compression plates, fracture bracing, and/or Rush pins. Forearm rotation and fracture site motion (rotation) were measured as a function of both applied forearm torque, and of applied forearm rotation. Values were measured for the intact forearms (a), and for forearms with both bone fractured treated without fixation (b), with fracture bracing (c), with Rush pins (d), with combination of Rush pins and fracture bracing (e) and with compression plating (f).The brace reduced fracture site motion (rotation) by approximately one half compared with fracture motion without fixation. Rush pins reduced fracture site motion approximately eightfold. A brace in combination with Rush pins did not always further reduce fracture site motion. Both bone fractures treated with compression plates behaved as intact bones. The radius consistently showed more fracture site motion than the ulna.
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Beams and Rotor Blades with Embedded Piezocomposite Actuators

A promising method for controlling the response of a rotor blade is by embedding piezocomposite actuators in it. Such actuators are basically composites made of piezoelectric fibers in an epoxy matrix. In this chapter, after a brief introduction of piezoelectric sensors and actuators, the mathematical modeling of such elements is presented and expressed in compressed matrix notation.
Transportation Network Design

One of the first applications of bilevel programming (BLP) centered on the design of transportation networks. This chapter deals with the construction of such a model for use in optimizing the investment in the inter-regional highway network of Tunisia, a developing country in North Africa. It is based on the work of Ben-Ayed et al. [B19].
Modifying Yeast Artificial Chromosomes to Generate Cre/Lox P and FLP/FRT Site-Specific Deletions and Inversions

The ability to efficiently and accurately modify genomic DNA through targeted and tissue-specific mutations is an important goal in animal transgenesis. Here we describe how to exploit two systems of homologous recombination, from yeast and bacteria, to engineer yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) to generate targeted deletions and inversions in vivo, in transgenic animals, and in the presence of DNA-modifying enzymes known as recombinases. Through homologous recombination in yeast, specific recombinogenic sequences are inserted upstream and downstream of a region in the YAC. The sites of integration of these short sequence elements are chosen carefully, such that the YAC is left functionally intact, and this modified transgene represents the wild-type allele. This YAC is subsequently used to generate transgenic animals, which when bred to animals expressing recombinase proteins result in genetic modifications. By expressing recombinase proteins from different tissue-specific promoters, one can mediate site-specific recombination to generate either ubiquitous or tissue-specific deletions or inversion. These modifications can then be carried through the germline or can be studied somatically. A great advantage of this system is the ability to evaluate subtle genetic effects independent of position-effect variegation, and transgene copy number, eliminating the need to examine several independently generated lines of transgenic animals for each genetic variant.
Tracking Bulk and Interfacial Diffusion Using Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Correlation Spectroscopy.

Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering correlation spectroscopy (CARS-CS) is shown as a label-free, chemically specific approach for monitoring the molecular mobility of particles in solution and at interfaces on the millisecond time scale. The CARS spectral range afforded by broadband excitation facilitates a quantitative measurement for the number of particles in the focal volume, whereas the autocorrelation of spectral data elucidates dynamic events, such as diffusion. The measured diffusion coefficients for polymer beads ranging from 100 nm to 1.1 μm in diameter are on the order of 10–8–10–9 cm2/s, in good agreement with predicted Stokes–Einstein values. Diffusion at different interfaces shows particles are fastest in bulk medium, marginally slower at the liquid/glass interface, and 1.5–2 times slower rate at the air/liquid interface. Multivariate curve resolution analysis of distinct spectral features in multiplex CARS measurement distinguishes different composition lipid vesicles in a mixtu...
Why Is It Change Instead of Being? Meditating on the Interalogical Meaning of Change/Yi in the Book of Change

This article explores the multiple senses of yi or change in the Yi Jing or Book of Change, as a conception that denotes nothing but interality. By looking at the text interalogically, it tries to reveal that the underlying magnitude of the book is its focus on change as a study of interality (jianxing 间性), rather than Being, which thus became the foundation or point of departure of early Chinese thought. Cet essai explore les sens multiples du Yi ou les changements du Yi Jing ou Livre du changement comme conception qui n’exprime rien d’autre que l’interalite (interality). Une analyse interalogique du texte tend a reveler que la magnitude sous-jacente du livre tient a sa focalisation sur le changement en tant qu’etude de l’interalite (interality - jianxing间性), plutot que de l’Etre, ce qui par consequent devient le fondement ou point de depart de la pensee chinoise ancienne.
Sporadic versus Tuberous Sclerosis Complex–Associated Angiomyolipomas: Predictors for Long-Term Outcomes following Transcatheter Embolization

Abstract Purpose To evaluate risk factors for long-term outcomes following embolization of sporadic versus tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)–associated angiomyolipomas (AMLs). Materials and Methods A retrospective review of consecutive transcatheter embolizations of renal AMLs between 2002 and 2014 was performed. Tumor volumetrics including density analysis were obtained. Treatment outcomes were assessed at 1 year after embolization using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and volumetric RECIST criteria. A total of 56 patients, 70% (39/56) of whom had TSC, underwent embolization of 72 renal AMLs. Embolization was most commonly performed (70/72, 97%) using microspheres (300–500 μm or 500–700 μm Embosphere). Results Between the sporadic and TSC-associated populations, there was no difference in follow-up time (648 d vs 583 d, P = .78), initial tumor diameter (6.68 cm vs 5.71 cm, P = .09), or percent tumoral fat content (39.5% vs 8.6%, P = .35). Progressive disease was noted in 9 TSC-associated AMLs by volume and 3 TSC-associated AMLs by diameter but in no sporadic AMLs. Growth suppression curves were remarkable for rebound growth in TSC patients, particularly in TSC patients younger than 18 years. Patient age ( P = .007) and tumor volume ( P = .03) were found to correlate with tumor regrowth within the TSC population. No difference was found in median change in total volume after embolization based on fat content (−57.9% vs −54.2%, P = .68). Conclusions TSC, patient age, and tumoral volume before embolization are risk factors for AML growth following embolization. Intratumoral fat content was not found to predict response to embolization.
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Treatments on Partners: A Literature Review.

Study Objectives:Many adults sleep with a significant other; thus, sleep disorder symptoms and treatments of one partner are likely to impact the other partner's health. A literature review was con...
A Novel Galectin-1 Inhibitor Discovered through One-Bead Two-Compound Library Potentiates the Antitumor Effects of Paclitaxel in vivo

Through the one-bead two-compound (OB2C) ultra-high-throughput screening method, we discovered a new small-molecule compound LLS2 that can kill a variety of cancer cells. Pull-down assay and LC/MS-MS indicated that galectin-1 is the target protein of LLS2. Galectin-1 is known to be involved in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and angiogenesis. Binding of LLS2 to galectin-1 decreased membrane-associated H-Ras and K-Ras and contributed to the suppression of pErk pathway. Importantly, combination of LLS2 with paclitaxel (a very important clinical chemotherapeutic agent) was found to exhibit synergistic activity against several human cancer cell lines (ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, and breast cancer cells) in vitro Furthermore, in vivo therapeutic study indicated that combination treatment with paclitaxel and LLS2 significantly inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer xenografts in athymic mice. Our results presented here indicate that the OB2C combinatorial technology is a highly efficient drug screening platform, and LLS2 discovered through this method can be further optimized for anticancer drug development. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1212-23. ©2017 AACR.
Social Psychological Perspectives on the Problem of Consent

The chapters in this volume approach the problem of consent from a variety of perspectives. Some view it as a problem of understanding principles of child development, of clinical assessment, or patient management. Others attend to specific programs to study or enhance children’s decision making or examine consent as a moral-ethical-legal problem: what rights and duties shall govern seeking and granting consent; how shall the power and responsibility to decide be distributed? The present chapter brings yet another set of concerns, methods, and substantive knowledge to this interdisciplinary effort to cope with the problem of consent. It begins by introducing readers to social psychology, then discusses the ways in which this subfield may aid physicians, lawyers, and mental health professionals in dealing intelligently and effectively with the problem. It offers several concrete examples of such contributions and concludes by noting lines of further research and application suggested by the perspective presented. The discussion and examples center about the problem of consent in medical settings, notably transplants from minor donors. I have no doubt, however, that the various propositions made about the role of social psychological knowledge, research, evaluation strategy, and so on, are applicable in other settings where competence to consent is at issue.
An efficient hybrid CEM approach to modeling backscatter of forest clutter

We present a novel hybrid Computational Electromagnetics (CEM) modeling framework for simulating the backscatter from forest clutter when sensed by UHF and VHF radars. Previous approaches have pointed to the need for hybrid computational modeling, combining PO and GO techniques. In this paper, we identify a novel approach offering superior fidelity and computational efficiency in calculating the backscatter from forest clutter and demonstrate preliminary results.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Compliance with Guidelines for Preprocedural Reconsideration of Code Status Limitations.

Abstract Background: Periprocedural providers are encountering more patients with code status limitations (CSLs) regarding their preferences for resuscitation and life-sustaining treatment who choose to undergo palliative procedures. Surgical and anesthesia guidelines for preprocedural reconsideration of CSLs have been available for several years, but it is not known whether they are being followed in practice. Objective: We assessed compliance with existing guidelines for patients undergoing venting gastrostomy tube (VGT) for malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), serving as an example of a palliative procedure received by patients near the end of life. Design: Code status was determined at admission and throughout the hospitalization by chart review. Documentation of code status discussions (CSDs) was identified from provider notes and compared with existing guidelines. Setting/Subjects: An institutional database retrospectively identified patients who underwent VGT placement for MBO at two academic hospita...
Accelerated Random Search for constrained global optimization assisted by Radial Basis Function surrogates

Abstract The Accelerated Random Search (ARS) algorithm (Appel et al., 2004) is a stochastic algorithm for the global optimization of black-box functions subject only to bound constraints. ARS iteratively samples uniformly within a box centered at the current best point. If the sample point is worse than the current best point, then the size of the box is reduced, thereby making it more likely to generate an improving solution if the current best point is not yet a local minimum. Otherwise, if the sample point is an improvement over the current best point, then the size of the box is reset to the initial value so that the box covers the entire search space. ARS has been shown theoretically and numerically to converge to the global minimum faster than the Pure Random Search (PRS) algorithm on bound-constrained problems. This article develops the Constrained ARS (CARS) algorithm, which is an extension of ARS for optimization problems with black-box inequality constraints. Under some mild conditions on the constrained optimization problem, we prove the convergence to the global minimum in a probabilistic sense of a class of stochastic search algorithms called Scattered Uniform Random Search (SCAT-URS) algorithms, which includes CARS as a special case. To improve performance of CARS on computationally expensive simulation-based problems, we incorporate Radial Basis Function (RBF) surrogate models to approximate the objective and constrained functions, and refer to the resulting algorithm as CARS-RBF. Numerical experiments show that CARS consistently and substantially outperforms both the Pure Random Search (PRS) and Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithms (Yang, 2010) on 31 test problems with dimensions ranging from 2 to 20. Moreover, CARS-RBF is an improvement over CARS, outperforms a sequential penalty derivative-algorithm, and competes with ConstrLMSRBF (Regis, 2011) on the same test problems. Finally, sensitivity analysis of CARS-RBF to the type of RBF model used shows that the cubic RBF model generally yields the best results on the test problems among six types of RBF models considered, including the thin plate spline, Gaussian and multiquadric models.
Resettlement post conflict: Risk and protective factors and resilience among women in northern Uganda:

Approximately 1.8 million people were displaced in northern Uganda as a result of the LRA conflict. This paper explores risk and protective factors as well as examples of resilience among women in ...
Ligand K-Edge XAS Studies of Metal-Phosphorus Bonds: Applications, Limitations, and Opportunities

Phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a highly effective experimental method for investigating metal-phosphorus bonding and electronic structure. Here, we provide a comprehensive...
Neuroimaging markers of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: An overview of magnetic resonance imaging studies

Antipsychotic drugs are the primary treatment for psychosis, yet individual response to their administration remains variable. At present, no biological predictors of response exist to guide clinicians as they select treatments for patients, and our understanding of the neurobiology underlying the heterogeneity of outcomes remains limited. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been applied by numerous studies to examine the response to antipsychotic treatment, though a large gap remains between their results and our clinical practice. To advance patient care with precision medicine approaches, prior work must be accounted for and built upon with future studies. This review provides an overview of studies that relate treatment outcome to various MRI-related measures, including structural, spectroscopic, diffusion tensor, and functional imaging. Knowledge derived from these studies will be discussed along with future directions for the field.
Neutral Decay of the ω Meson

The reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}+n$ at 1.2 $\frac{\mathrm{BeV}}{c}$ was detected by counter techniques. Recoil neutrons were detected in a scintillation counter array at ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{n}={20}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{2}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$, and their velocity determined by a time-of-flight measurement. Measurement of the neutron direction and velocity determined the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ mass with resolution \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 MeV, and enabled separation of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ production from background. Scintillation counters surrounding the hydrogen target distinguished charged from neutral $\ensuremath{\omega}$ decays, yielding a branching ratio: $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{neutral}}}{{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\mathrm{charged}}}=0.124\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.021$. Neutral $\ensuremath{\omega}$ decays were directly observed by conversion of the resulting $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays in a leadplate spark-chamber array. Events with three observed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$'s were fitted to the decay $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3\ensuremath{\gamma}$ (a two-constraint fit). Twenty-six fits with ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}l5$ were found, of which five are estimated to be background. If $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is the only neutral mode, then we expect 29 observed ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays, as calculated from the recoil-neutron measurements and spark-chamber efficiency. Thus our data give clear evidence that the mode $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ represents a substantial fraction (consistent with 100%) of the $\ensuremath{\omega}$ neutral decays.
Hydrogels and polymers as components of a lab on a chip

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the engineering aspects of incorporating stimuli responsive (pH-sensitive) hydrogels into microscale devices. Hydrogels are 3D network of polymers that are capable of retaining solvents. A subset of hydrogels, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, have the ability to discontinuously change size at a certain level of stimulus. As actuators, since the size change can be harnessed to perform useful work, a single hydrogel structure can function as a complete feedback system, simultaneously sensing and reacting to stimulus levels. Hydrogels have been developed to be responsive to temperature, light, electric fields, antigens, and other stimuli, and should be able to be incorporated into micro fluidic devices. Selectivity and sensitivity also determine the practicality of a hydrogel–based system. Selectivity to a specific input, a certain ion, is largely controlled by the hydrogel chemistry. However, sensitivity to small amounts of input signal can be achieved in several ways. Further advancements in the development of hydrogels responsive to biological signals open additional applications for the technology.
Increasing Block-Rate Prices for Irrigation Water Motivate Drain Water Reduction

This chapter reviews the potential role of price incentives in modifying farm-level irrigation decisions to coincide with socially optimal choices when drainwater contains toxic elements. An optimization framework for irrigation districts facing drainwater discharge constraints is presented and implications for water pricing structures are discussed. Details of a block-rate pricing program that was implemented in a California irrigation district during 1989 are described and farm-level responses to the program are discussed. Results of the program include reductions in applied water for some crops in 1989 and reductions in the total volume of drainwater collected in the district.
How Team Cohesion Leads to Attitude Change in the Context of ERP Learning

Universities and corporate training programs have realized the importance of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in the business world and have incorporated such systems into their curricula and training. Although there is a rich body of literature on ERP, extant research remains relatively scant in examining teambased ERP learning. Drawing upon attitude change literature and expectationconfirmation theory, this study presents an Attitude Change Model of Team-Based ERP Learning. In particular, this study focuses on how team cohesion influences satisfaction and attitude change in ERP learning. The results of structural equation modeling support all but one hypothesis. The study concludes with discussions and implications for researchers, educators, and practitioners.
Successful use of multiagent immunosuppression in the bone marrow transplantation of sensitized patients

Of 23 patients with severe aplastic anemia, 17 were sensitized to histocompatibility antigens of HLA-A, -B, and -D loci-identical potential sibling donors as determined by cell-mediated lysis (CML) assays in vitro. Antibody-dependent sensitization was detected in 3 patients, antibody-independent cellular sensitization in 11, and both in 3. Fourteen sensitized patients were transplanted after initial multiagent immunosuppression consisting of rabbit anti-human thymocyte serum, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide, eleven with a CML-positive donor and three with a CML-negative donor. Engraftment was achieved in each of 13 patients who were evaluable, and only 2 ultimately rejected their marrow grafts, 1 with subsequent return of his own marrow function. Five patients without evidence in vitro of sensitization were transplanted after immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide alone; none of these rejected their grafts. These studies show that sensitized bone marrow transplant recipients can be successfully transplanted after optimal donor selection and multiagent immunosuppression.
Doing and undoing Caribou/Atiku: diffractive and divergent multiplicities and their cosmopolitical orientations*

ABSTRACTMore than one and less than many, has become a refrain to depict the notion of multiplicity. Borrowed from Mariyln Strathern, Annemarie Mol mobilized the refrain to succinctly capture the c...
Widespread orthorhombic fluctuations in the (Sr, Na)Fe2As2 family of superconductors

Author(s): Frandsen, BA; Taddei, KM; Bugaris, DE; Stadel, R; Yi, M; Acharya, A; Osborn, R; Rosenkranz, S; Chmaissem, O; Birgeneau, RJ | Abstract: We report comprehensive pair distribution function measurements of the hole-doped iron-based superconductor system Sr1-xNaxFe2As2. Structural refinements performed as a function of temperature and length scale reveal orthorhombic distortions of the instantaneous local structure across a large region of the phase diagram possessing average tetragonal symmetry, indicative of fluctuating nematicity. These nematic fluctuations are present up to high doping levels (x=0.48, near optimal superconductivity) and high temperatures (above room temperature for x=0, decreasing to 150 K for x=0.48), with a typical length scale of 1-3 nm. This work highlights the ubiquity of nematic fluctuations in a representative iron-based superconductor and provides important details about the evolution of these fluctuations across the phase diagram.
Moral disagreement and non-moral ignorance

The existence of deep and persistent moral disagreement poses a problem for a defender of moral knowledge. It seems particularly clear that a philosopher who thinks that we know a great many moral truths should explain how human populations have failed to converge on those truths. In this paper, I do two things. First, I show that the problem is more difficult than it is often taken to be, and second, I criticize a popular response, which involves claiming that many false moral beliefs are the product of nonmoral ignorance.
Family, Community, and Motherhood: Caring for Fatherless Children in the Jewish Community of Thirteenth-Century Perpignan

This article investigates the guardianship of fatherless children (orphans) in one of the most important Jewish communities of the thirteenth-century realms of Aragon, the aljama of the town of Perpignan. After reviewing some ideals of Solomon ben Abraham ibn Adret of Barcelona, as expressed in his responsa, the article focuses on documents of practice. This documentary basis includes royal charters, Latin wills of Jewish testators, and 148 unedited transactions generated by eighteen panels of guardians between 1266 and 1286, described in an analytical table at the end of the article. The practical evidence reveals that guardians usually served as a group, panels comprised close relatives of the wards and men who were distinguished in their community through official service. Case studies expose the dynamics within these panels and establish that the orphans' widowed mother usually acted as the group's leader. A comparison with her Christian counterpart places the rights and responsibilities of the Jewish widowed mother guardian into relief. Although not autonomous, Jewish widowed guardians were highly effective caretakers of their fatherless children. The idealized view of the Jewish widow held by her medieval contemporaries as helpless and in need of special care from the men of her community enabled already capable widows to benefit from the financial aid of community leaders who otherwise might not have been so keen to foster these women's legal and financial agency.