cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Search of Safe Campus Communities

Abstract Although there is a perception of college and university campuses as sanctuaries of learning, they are not always safe places for women. The studies by the Carnegie Foundation for Higher Education as well as other research on violence against women confirm sexual harassment and dating violence as significant barriers to women's educational achievement. Ernest Boyer, former President of the Carnegie Foundation, envisioned the college campus as a community of learners where civility is affirmed, diversity pursued, group obligations guide behavior, individuals are supported and service is encouraged, and traditions are celebrated and shared. This vision has strong parallels with efforts to develop coordinated campus responses to violence against women. Based on a case study of a strategic alliance within a university and between the university and community-based organization, this article highlights the achievements of this collaboration along with the role of a school of social work in facilitatin...
Effect of alloantibodies on corneal allograft survival.

PURPOSE. The precise role of antibodies in corneal transplanta- tion is ambiguous, with evidence to support as well as repudi- ate their involvement in graft rejection. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to investigate the direct contribution of donor- specific antibodies to corneal graft rejection. METHODS. Serum samples from CB6F1 rejecters of orthotopi- cally grafted C3H/Hej corneas were tested by ELISA for ele- vated levels of donor-specific alloantibody. Orthotopic corneal allograft rejection was also examined in B-cell- deficient mice. In a prospective study, naive BALB/c T-cell- deficient nude mice and complement-depleted nude mice were passively in- fused with immune donor-specific serum and grafted with fully allogeneic C57BL/6J corneas. The incidence and speed of graft rejection were observed in each case. The susceptibility of corneal cells to antibody-mediated lysis was tested in vitro. RESULTS. Seventy percent of the CB6F1 hosts that rejected the C3H/Hej corneal allografts possessed significantly elevated lev- els of alloantibody in serum. Although BALB/c corneal allo- grafts were rejected by B-cell- deficient mice at the same inci- dence as wild-type control mice, their mean survival time (MST) was significantly longer than that of their wild-type counterparts. Serum of BALB/c mice immunized against C57BL/6J alloantigens produced complement-dependent cyto- lytic activity against C57BL/6J corneal cells in vitro. Passive transfer of this alloantiserum to T-cell- deficient BALB/c nude mice produced complement-dependent corneal lesions, result- ing in significantly increased opacity of C57BL/6J corneal grafts, compared with the relatively clear grafts in control hosts. CONCLUSIONS. Alloantibody, although not necessary for corneal graft rejection, can produce extensive injury to corneal allo- grafts in a complement-dependent manner. (Invest Ophthal- mol Vis Sci. 2002;43:1012-1018)
Identifying Syntactic Ambiguities in Single-Parse Arabic Sentence

The aim of this paper is to describe a technique for identifying the sources of several types of syntactic ambiguity in Arabic Sentences with a single parse only. Normally, any sentence with two or more structural representations is said to be syntactically ambiguous. However, Arabic sentences with only one structural representation may be ambiguous. Our technique for identifying Syntactic Ambiguity in Single-Parse Arabic Sentences (SASPAS) analyzes each sentence and verifies the conditions that govern the existence of certain types of syntactic ambiguities in Arabic sentences. SASPAS is integrated with the syntactic parser, which is based on Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) formalism. The system accepts Arabic sentences in their original script.
FUEL CELLS – SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS | Cathodes

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode is the electrode where oxygen reduction takes place. Cathodes for SOFCs have to possess many properties and must preserve these properties at high temperatures and in oxidizing environments. Probably the most important qualities of a good cathode are an ability to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction, stability at high temperatures in an oxidizing environment, and compatibility with the other SOFC components, most notably the electrolyte and the interconnect. Many perovskite materials have been considered and investigated, but no particular material shows superior performance as compared to all other cathode materials. Lanthanum manganite based materials have lower oxide ion diffusivity and therefore limited electrochemical activity but remain the most common perovskites used with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes because of their superior chemical stability at 1000°C. For SOFCs operating in the intermediate temperature range, composite cathodes of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)/YSZ have been used traditionally. Recently, more catalytically active perovskites such as lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite have become widely investigated especially for use with ceria-based electrolytes.
Psoriatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joints with ankylosis. Literature review and case reports

Psoriatic arthritis is currently defined as psoriasis associated with chronic, erosive inflammatory arthritis, which is seronegative for rheumatoid factor. A review of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment is accompanied by two unusual case reports of psoriatic arthritis affecting the temporomandibular joints with ankylosis.
Dynamic properties of Legionella-containing phagosomes in Dictyostelium amoebae.

Summary The natural hosts of the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila are amoebae and protozoa. In these hosts, as in human macrophages, the pathogen enters the cell through phagocytosis, then rapidly modifies the phagosome to create a compartment that supports its replication. We have examined L. pneumophila entry and behaviour during early stages of the infection of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae. Bacteria were labelled with a red fluorescent marker, and selected proteins and organelles in the host were labelled with GFP, allowing the dynamics and interactions of L. pneumophila -containing phagosomes to be tracked in living cells. These studies demonstrated that entry of L. pneumophila is an actin-mediated process, that the actin-binding protein coronin surrounds the nascent phagosome but dissociates immediately after internalization, that ER membrane is not incorporated into a phagosome during uptake, that the newly internalized phagosome is rapidly transported about the cell on microtubules, that association of ER markers with the phagosome occurs in two steps that correlate with distinct changes in phagosome movement, and that the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase does not associate with mature replication vacuoles. These studies have clarified certain aspects of the infection process and provided new insights into the dynamic interactions between the pathogen and its host.
Local nondeterminism and Hausdorff dimension

Let X = {X(t,ω): t ∈ ℝN} denote d-dimensional fractional Brownian motion of index α ∈ (0,2), normalized such that X(0) = 0 and $$E[{{e}^{i }}]={{e}^{-\frac{1}{2}|u{{|}^{2}}|t-s{{|}^{\alpha }}}}$$ for all u ∈ ℝd and s, t ∈ ℝN. If α = 1, then we have Levy’s multiparameter Brownian motion.
Applying an Ecological Framework to Understanding Drug Addiction and Recovery

ABSTRACT A new conceptual model of drug addiction and recovery, the Acculturation Model, is presented, with “addiction” and “recovery” understood as distinct sociocultural phenomena with their unique prescribed behaviors, rituals, symbols, and language that serve to construct and consolidate a cultural identity. The model suggests that individuals in recovery from drug addiction will need to make a cultural transformation in order to maintain sobriety. Examples of specific rituals that may help facilitate movement from addiction to recovery are detailed.
Visualization of drug-nucleic acid interactions at atomic resolution: VI. Structure of two drug-dinucleoside monophosphate crystalline complexes, ellipticine-5-iodocytidylyl (3′–5′) guanosine and 3,5,6,8-tetramethyl-n-methyl phenanthrolinium-5-iodocytidylyl (3′–5′) guanosine

Abstract Ellipticine and 3,5,6,8-tetramethyl- N -methyl phenanthrolinium form complexes with the dinucleoside monophosphate, 5-iodocytidylyl(3′–5′)guanosine. These crystals are isomorphous: ellipticine-iodoCpG † crystals are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 with a = 13.88 A , b = 19.11 A , c = 21.42 A , β = 105.4; TMP-iodoCpG crystals are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 , with a = 13.99 A , b = 19.12 A , c = 21.31 A , β = 104.9 °. Both structures have been solved to atomic resolution by Patterson and Fourier methods, and refined by full matrix least-squares. The asymmetric unit in the ellipticine-iodoCpG structure contains two ellipticine molecules, two iodoCpG molecules, 20 water molecules and 2 methanol molecules, a total of 144 atoms, whereas, in the tetramethyl- N -methyl phenanthrolinium-iodoCpG complex, the asymmetric unit contains two TMP molecules, two iodoCpG molecules, 17 water molecules and 2 methanol molecules, a total of 141 atoms. In both structures, the two iodoCpG molecules are hydrogenbonded together by guanine-cytosine Watson-Crick base-pairing. Adjacent base-pairs within this paired iodoCpG structure are separated by about 6.7 A; this separation results from intercalative binding by one ellipticine (or TMP) molecule and stacking by the other ellipticine (or TMP) molecule above or below the base-pairs. Base-pairs within the paired nucleotide units are related by a twist of 10 to 12 °. The magnitude of this angular twist is related to conformational changes in the sugar-phosphate chains that accompany drug intercalation. These changes partly reflect the mixed sugar puckering pattern observed: C3′ endo (3′–5′) C2′ endo (i.e. both iodocytidine residues have C3′ endo conformations, whereas both guanosine residues have C2′ endo conformations), and additional small but systematic changes in torsional angles that involve the phosphodiester linkages and the C4′C5′ bond. The stereochemistry observed in these model drug-nucleic acid intercalative complexes is almost identical to that observed in the ethidium-iodoUpA and -iodoCpG complexes determined previously (Tsai et al. , 1975 a,b ,1977; Jain et al. , 1977). This stereochemistry is also very similar to that observed in the 9-aminoacridine-iodoCpG and acridine orange-iodoCpG complexes described in the preceding papers (Sakore et al. , 1979 Reddy et al. , 1979). We have already proposed this stereochemistry to provide a unified understanding of a large number of intercalative drug-DNA (and RNA) interactions (Sobell et al. , 1977 a,b ), and discuss this aspect of our work further in this paper.
Direct correlation of observed phonon anomalies and maxima in the generalized susceptibilities of transition metal carbides

The generalized susceptibility, X( q → ), of both NbC and TaC determined from APW energy band calculations show large maxima to occur at precisely those DDmax values at which soft phonon modes were observed by Smith. Maxima in X( q → ) are predicted for other directions. The locus of these q → max values can be represented by a warped cube of dimension ~1.2(2π/a) in momentum space — in striking agreement with the soft mode surface proposed phenomenologically by Weber. In sharp contrast, the X( q → ) calculated for both ZrC and HfC — for which no phonon anomalies have been observed — fall off in all symmetry directions away from the zone center. We thus interpret the phonon anomalies in the transition metal carbides as due to an “overscreening” effect resulting from an anomalous increase of the response function of the conduction electrons.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) recombinants: use of positive selection markers to rescue mutants in EBV-negative B-lymphoma cells.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genetic analyses have been restricted because the in vitro host range is limited to primate B lymphocytes which are largely non-permissive for EBV replication (1). Further, recovery of EBV depends on its ability to growth transform normal human B lymphocytes (2). Given these limitations, mutations which affect transformation are particularly difficult to recover and characterize. Procedures for recovering mutant EBV strains irrespective of their capacity for lymphocyte growth transformation would facilitate further genetic analysis of transformation by EBV. EBV negative B lymphoma cells could be useful for virus recovery since they do not depend on EBV for their growth and are susceptible to EBV infection (3-6). In this work we investigated whether dominantly selectable drug resistance genes could be inserted into the EBV genome and used to retrieve recombinants following infection of EBV negative B lymphoma cells.
Optimization of thermal noise in multi-loop pendulum suspensions for use in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors

We study the thermal-noise spectrum of multi-loop pendulum suspensions for test masses in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. The dependence of the thermal noise on suspension parameters and on properties of the wire material is discussed for the situation in which the losses are dominated by the internal friction in the pendulum wires.
Solar cells and their terrestrial applications

Summary: Solar cells are reviewed with a view to their terrestrial application. The basis of the photovoltaic effect is discussed and the physical and technical problems are presented which have to be solved in order to develop an efficient terrestrial cell. The different solar cells presently under development are described. It is concluded from this technical discussion that at the present time a number of ceils warrant further development work. Moreover, an alleviation of the future energy dilemma appears as a strong justification for this effort.
Uniformly accurate Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues

Popular methods like finite differences and finite elements approximate thekth eigenvalue of a regular Sturm-Liouville problem by thekth eigenvalue of a matrix problem of dimensionn. The accuracy deteriorates rapidly ask increases, and there is no approximation at all fork>n. Much recent work has been devoted to improving inexpensively the accuracy of the approximation with respect to increasingk. It is shown here that for many methods, it is possible with negligible cost and minimal complication to obtain approximations for allk that are uniformly accurate ink.
THE EVOLUTION OF MULTIGENE FAMILIES UNDER INTRACHROMOSOMAL GENE CONVERSION

A model for the evolution of the probabilities of genetic identity within and between loci of a multigene family in a finite population is formulated and investigated. Unbiased intrachromosomal gene conversion, equal crossing over between tandemly repeated genes, random genetic drift and mutation to new alleles are incorporated. Generations are discrete and nonoverlapping; the diploid, monoecious population mates at random. Formulas for the equilibrium values of the probabilities of identity and a cubic equation for the rate of convergence are deduced. Numerical examples indicate the following. The amount of homology at equilibrium generally decreases as the mutation rate, the population size and the number of repeats increase; it may increase or decrease with increasing crossover rate. The intralocus homology has an intermediate minimum, whereas the interlocus homology increases, as the rate of gene conversion increases. The intralocus homology decreases, whereas the interlocus homology increases, as the proportion of symmetric heteroduplexes increases. The characteristic convergence time can be sufficiently short to imply that intrachromosomal gene conversion may be an important mechanism for maintaining sequence homogeneity among repeated genes. The convergence time decreases as the conversion rate and the proportion of symmetric heteroduplexes increase; although exceptions occur, it generally increases as the population size and the number of repeats increase; it may increase or decrease with increasing crossover rate.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Inflammation was characterized 2,000 years ago by Celsus by the four Latin words: rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor. Inflammation has different phases: the first phase is caused by an increase of vascular permeability resulting in exudation of fluid from the blood into the interstitial space, the second one by infiltration of leukocytes from the blood into the tissues, and the third one by granuloma formation. Accordingly, anti-inflammatory tests have to be divided into those measuring acute inflammation, subacute inflammation, and chronic repair processes. In some cases, the screening is directed to test compounds for local application. Predominantly, however, these studies are aimed to find new drugs against polyarthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Since the etiology of polyarthritis is considered to be largely immunological, special tests have been developed to investigate various immunological and allergic factors (see “▶Antiarthrotic and Immunomodulatory Activity”).
Physical Activity Prevents Augmented Body Fat Accretion in Moderately Iron-Deficient Rats

Recent studies describe an association between poor iron status and obesity in humans, although the mechanism explaining this relationship is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effect of moderate iron deficiency and physical activity (PA) on body composition in an animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats consumed iron-adequate (IA; 40 mg/kg) or moderately iron-deficient (ID; 9 mg/kg) diets ad libitum for 12 wk. Rats were assigned to 4 treatment groups (n = 10 per group): IA, sedentary (IAS); IA, PA (IAPA); ID, sedentary (IDS); or ID, PA (IDPA). Activity involved running on motorized running wheels at 4 m/min for 1 h/d for 5 d/wk. After 12 wk, ID rats were not anemic, but body iron stores were reduced as indicated by diminished (P < 0.05) femur iron compared with IA rats. Treatment group did not affect body weight or feed consumption. However, fat mass was greater (P < 0.05) in IDS rats (38.6 +/- 6.7%) than IAS (31.8 +/- 2.9%), IAPA (31.8 +/- 2.0%), and IDPA (32.8 +/- 4.5%) rats. Furthermore, lean body mass was diminished in IDS rats (58.7 +/- 6.8%) compared with IAS (65.6 +/- 3.0%), IAPA (65.6 +/- 2.1%), and IDPA (64.7 +/- 4.5%) rats. Thus, moderate iron deficiency may cause increased body fat accretion in rats and PA attenuates that effect.
Loss of the Penicillinase Plasmid After Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (PC1 and 196E), when grown in medium containing 0.002% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), showed from 96.1 to 100% loss of the ability to produce penicillinase. Resistance to cadmium and zinc was lost concomitantly with the ability to produce penicillinase. A comparison of the rate of curing by SDS with the curing effects exerted by elevated temperature and ethidium bromide suggested that SDS is a more effective plasmid curing agent for susceptible strains of S. aureus than methods in use at present.
Early sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Objective Sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicate 2% to 20% of acute myocardial infarctions (MIs) and are associated with increased in-hospital mortality. However, it remains unclear whether successful mechanical revascularization improves outcomes in these patients. The objective of this analysis was to identify predictors of sustained ventricular arrhythmias after acute MI and to determine the influence of successful revascularization on in-hospital mortality. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI in New York State between 1997 and 1999. Results Of the 9015 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI, 472 (5.2%) developed sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) before revascularization. After multivariable adjustment, independent predictors of sustained VT/VF included cardiogenic shock (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.20-5.58; P P P= .009), and presentation within 6 hours of symptom onset (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18-1.81; P= .001). Patients with sustained VT/VF had greater in-hospital mortality (16.3% vs 3.7%, P P P Conclusion Among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI, sustained VT/VF remains a significant complication associated with a 4-fold increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Early mortality is reduced after successful percutaneous coronary intervention, but remains elevated in this high-risk group.
Effects of delaying food availability contingent on ethanol-maintained lever pressing

The effects of delaying food availability 8 s contingent on every, every second, and every fourth lever press maintained by 4, 8, and 16% (v/v) ethanol solutions were examined when food was initially available to rats on a fixed-interval 26-s schedule. The delay contingency decreased ethanol-maintained responding at all ethanol concentrations, with the degree of decrease inversely related to the intermittency of the delay schedule and to the ethanol concentration. Such decreases were not evident in the performance of yoked-control animals which received food coincidentally with experimental animals. Temporal changes in food presentation alone therefore could not account for the decreases produced by the delay contingency.
Use of liquid crystals as temperature sensors in food processing research

Abstract Liquid crystal is a chemical compound which changes its color with temperature. It is useful in non-intrusively visualizing instantaneous surface temperature changes, where other conventional temperature sensors cannot be used. The thermal field visualization can either be (a) qualitative, by observing the pattern of color change, or (b) quantitative by calibrating it with a thermocouple at a known temperature range. The material is available in the temperature range of −30 °C to 115 °C. The minimum and average error values associated with the temperature measurement are 0.01 °C and 0.5 °C, respectively.
Yeast as a Supplementary Feed for Lactating Cows

In a previous report results were given of the addition of yeast to the rations of growing calves. A second part of the investigation concerned the effect of using yeast as a supplementary feed for cows in milk and the influence upon the vitamiu B content of the milk produced. The requirements of the bovine for vitamins have not been determined as yet. Until sufficient experimental evidence is available to justify a different conclusion it would appear advisable to assume that this species has a vitamin requirement in general similar to that of laboratory animals, which have supplied the data upon which the present knowledge of vitamins is based. The rations commonly fed cows in well managed dairy herds apparently would supply a liberal amount of vitamin B. At least half the nutrients are usually supplied in roughages which undoubtedly contain a fair amount of vitamin B. The remainder of the ration usually consists of ground grains and by-products. Seeds are looked upon as supplying a liberal amount of vitamin B, and when ground corn, oats, barley, or other grains are used it is certain the ration will contain vitamin B in considerable amounts. It would appear that the only possibility of a ration low in vitamin B would occur when byproducts low in this accessory were used in excess. Gluten meal and beet pulp are examples of by-products low in this vitamin. The logical procedure in studying the relation of a vit~:min to the feeding of dairy cattle would appear to be as follows.
1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)/interleukin-2 chemoimmunotherapy of murine L1210 leukemia

We have developed a chemoimmunotherapy regimen for the treatment of L1210-cell-induced ascites tumors in mice using a combination of sub-toxic doses of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). BCNU is administered intraperitoneally 4 days after tumor implantation and followed 2 days later by single doses of human recombinant IL-2 for 3 consecutive days. An optimum survival of 84% was achieved using 1500 U IL-2. Reduced survival was observed when lower or higher IL-2 dosages were used. No therapy resulted when heat-inactivated IL-2 was used or when IL-2 was used without chemotherapy. Surviving animals were resistant to L1210 leukemia but not P815 mastocytoma tumor challenge suggesting the combined BCNU/IL-2 therapy stimulated tumor-specific immunity.
Encoding processes for recall and recognition: The effect of instructions and auxiliary task performance

The present experiment investigated the hypothesis that encoding for recall involves organization of input stimuli, while recognition entails encoding to achieve discriminability of individual items. Subjects were given either recall or recognition instructions, one or three presentations of a list of nouns, and did or did not perform an auxiliary task of repeating the words aloud at input. All subjects received recall and recognition tests. The results showed higher recall with recall instructions in the no-task condition. Oral repetition produced a decrement in recall following recall instructions, but had no effect with recognition instructions. Also, the auxiliary task had no effect on recall with recognition instructions, but with recognition instructions recognition performance was increased to the level of recall subjects. The results are discussed in terms of current models of recall and recognition.
Doing Cultural Geography

Pamela Shurmer-Smith, ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002. vi and 248 pp., photos., textboxes, and index. $87.00 cloth (ISBN 0-7619-6564-5), $24.00 paper (ISBN 0-7619-6565-3).
Pathophysiology of ammonia intoxication.

Ammonia intoxication affects postsynaptic inhibition and disturbs inhibitory neuronal interactions. This study investigated whether or not the effect of ammonia on postsynaptic inhibition was associated with a change of the EEG, i.e., a change in the function of the central nervous system such as in an encephalopathy. We showed that the effect of ammonia on postsynaptic inhibition was associated with a marked change of the EEG, and that this change was not due to an effect of ammonia on the brain stem reticular activating system. In addition, it was shown that in the central nervous system a NH+4 concentration of about 1 mumol/g affected postsynaptic inhibition. Because ammonia simultaneously affected postsynaptic inhibition and the EEG at a NH+4 tissue concentration comparable to that observed in encephalopathy, it is proposed that a dysfunction of postsynaptic inhibition caused the encephalopathy due to ammonia intoxication by simultaneously disturbing inhibitory neuronal interactions in many regions of the central nervous system.
INTERTRIAL INTERVAL, DELAY OF KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS, AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE.

Forty-eight Ss were instructed to draw 3-in. lines while blindfolded. Knowledge of results was the verbal response “correct, too long, too short” plus mild electric shock for incorrect responses. T...
A knowledge based decision support system for computer performance management

Abstract Computer systems managers make decisions about hardware and software selection, performance evaluation, capacity planning, and other resource variables on the basis of factual data, accounting data, subjective judgements, and assumptions about the resource consumption of the jobs being run. The importance of computer resource planning calls for effective support methods. A Knowledge-Based DSS (KBDSS) will be able to assist managers in making these policy decisions by utilizing knowledge of the existing configuration and its capabilities, the organizational computing environment, available external resources, and their suppliers. Combining procedural and declarative methods, such a KBDSS may provide early warning of possible bottlenecks, forecast growth of hardware usage, and employ knowledge based inferencing to suggest suitable remedial actions to the systems manager. This paper presents a KBDSS for supporting computer resource planning decisions using a procedural/declarative framework, and illustrates the system's usage aspects.
Uniformly regular quasi-uniformities

Abstract The concept of uniform regularity is studied. Every quiet quasi-uniform space is uniformly regular, and every point symmetric uniformly regular quasi-uniform space that is complete (in the sense of Doitchinov) is quiet. Every Lebesgue quasi-uniformity (in particular every compact quasi-uniformity) that is uniformly regular is quiet. Every continuous quasi-metric is uniformly regular, but the Michael line has a continuous quasi-metric that is not quiet.
Assessing children's exposure to hazardous environmental chemicals: an overview of selected research challenges and complexities

There is renewed interest in the United States regarding characterization of children's exposures to hazardous environmental chemicals. Many studies are currently underway that use novel and innovative approaches to assess childhood exposures to a variety of toxic chemicals, including both persistent and nonpersistent compounds. This article reviews some of the critical challenges that can impede scientifically rigorous studies designed to measure children's environmental exposures. The discussion briefly examines three topical areas: administrative issues (IRB approval, participant incentives, community involvement, and communication of results to research participants and stakeholders); data-collection issues (identifying and recruiting children/families, measuring actual exposures/doses); and issues related to chemical analysis of biological samples (examples of chemicals and chemical classes that can be measured in human tissue and excreta, effects of a child's age on the type and amount of biological samples available for analysis). These research complexities are discussed in the context of developing more effective and efficient exposure assessment methods.
Urinary endothelin and renal vasoconstriction with cyclosporine or FK506 after liver transplantation

Urinary endothelin and renal vasoconstriction with cyclosporine or FK506 after liver transplantation. Transplant immunosuppression using either cyclosporine (CsA) or FK506 leads to renal vasoconstriction. To examine the role of endothelin (ET) in this process, we measured plasma and urinary ET before and at intervals for two years after liver transplantation. Urinary prostacyclin (as 6-keto-PG-F1α), thromboxane, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were also measured. Forty-four patients were treated with CsA-based regimens and 31 patients with FK506-based regimens. Prednisone doses after one year were lower with FK506 (5.5 ± 0.5 vs. 10.5 ± 0.5 mg/day) by study design. Circulating plasma ET remained above normal, but not different from pre-transplant levels. Urinary ET was elevated before transplant (24.6 ± 3.4 ng/day vs. normal 16 ± 1.5 ng/day, P -5 middot; m -2 , P
Synthesis of 1-thrifluoromethyl-β-carboline derivatives

Abstract Benzene-ring substituted 1-trifluoromethyl- β -carbolines (IV) were synthesized in 23 ~ 27% overall yield by selenium dioxide dehydrogenation of the corresponding 1-trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines (II); the latter compounds were obtained in high yield by Mannich-type condensation of the respective tryptamines with trifluoroacetaldehyde. Partial dehydrogenation of II with potassium permanganate provide 1-trifluoromethyl-3,4-dihydro- β -carbolines (III). L-tryptophan gave, following condensation, esterification and dehydrogenation, 3-carboethoxy-1-trifluoromethyl-β-carboline (IVf) in 84.8% overall yield. The halogenation and nitration of 1-trifluoromethyl-β-carboline (IVa) were also examined.
A novel finite element formulation for frictionless contact problems

This article advocates a new methodology for the finite element solution of contact problems involving bodies that may undergo finite motions and deformations. The analysis is based on a decomposition of the two-body contact problem into two simultaneous sub-problems, and results naturally in geometrically unbiased discretization of the contacting surfaces. A proposed two-dimensional contact element is specifically designed to unconditionally allow for exact transmission of constant normal traction through interacting surfaces.
SENSORY EVALUATION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SOUPS AND CHIPS MADE FROM FERMENTED AND NONFERMENTED BEANS

Soups prepared from the fermented samples with and without pH adjustment were in the “dislike” category, while the soup from nonfermented sample was in the “neither like nor dislike” category. Chickpea chips made from the fermented bean flours were in the “neither like nor dislike” category while those from the nonfermented flours were in the “like” category. Relative nutritive values (RNV) of soups and chips prepared from the fermented samples were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those prepared from the nonfermented samples. Soups and chips made from fermented beans contained significantly (P < 0.05) greater amounts of limiting ammo acids than products prepared from the nonfermented samples.
A note on partially observed Markov systems

Abstract The purpose of this note is to argue that systems in which actors do not have complete information are unlikely to be Markovian - even if, in some sense, the real process driving the system does have a simple Markovian structure.
Autoxidation reactions of hemoglobin A free from other red cell components: a minimal mechanism.

Abstract Rates of autoxidation reactions are determined for normal human hemoglobin A preparations which are extensively purified to remove all othe redox active red cell components. The effects of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and hydroxyl radical scavengers on the reaction provide evidence for superoxide formation as the rate determing step followed by fast reactions that involve peroxide and hydroxyl radical. These results support a minimum overall mechanism for heme iron(II) oxidation and dioxygen reduction to water. Side reactions also occur that result in the modification and precipitation of the protein moiety; catalase and hydroxyl radical scavengers reduce the extent of the side reactions. These studies provide insight into the basis of oxidant stress in the red cell.
The importance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality.

Purpose of review Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a fundamental component of initial care for the victim of cardiac arrest. In the past few years, increasing quantitative evidence has demonstrated that survival from cardiac arrest is dependent on the quality of delivered CPR. This review will focus on this body of evidence and on a range of practical approaches to improving CPR performance. Recent findings A number of strategies to improve CPR quality have been evaluated recently, during both prehospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest care. These strategies have included the use of real-time CPR sensing and feedback, the employment of physiologic monitoring such as end-tidal CO(2) measurement and the use of metronome prompting. The use of mechanical CPR devices to avoid the challenges of manual CPR performance has also represented a topic of great current interest. Additional approaches have focused on both prearrest training (e.g. high-fidelity simulation education and CPR refreshers) and postarrest training (e.g. debriefing). Summary A number of strategies have been evaluated to improve CPR performance. While many questions remain surrounding the relative value of each approach, it is likely that combinations of these methods may be useful in a variety of care settings to improve care for cardiac arrest victims.
Positive-ion production by electron bombardment of alkali halides

We present an experimental investigation of positive-ion production by electron bombardment of alkali halides. Measurements of the mass distributions and yields of both positive ions and neutral species indicate that the positive ions are formed by gas-phase ionization of ground-state neutral atoms and molecules. The gas-phase mechanism is shown to account for the ion mass distributions, the magnitude of the ion yields, and the dependence of ion yield on incident electron current.
Globalization of technology: Network analysis of global patents and trademarks

Abstract This study explored how the structure of globalization of technology via intellectual property networks has changed longitudinally, and compares the structures of global trademarks and patents. It suggests that network analysis provides useful tools for describing recent trends in the globalization of technology. Network analyses describe which countries have higher technological capabilities, and also how countries are mutually connected for technological collaboration or transfer. In addition, network analysis confirmed that both the trademark and patent networks have become decentralized over time.
Mixed Germ Cell Testicular Cancer with Left Ventricular Metastasis Presenting with Embolic Stroke and Small Bowel Tumor Seeding

Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) metastasize in a very predictable fashion involving the retroperitoneal nodes first followed by hematogenous spread to distant organs like lungs, liver, and brain. Metastasis to heart is an extremely rare entity for GCT and fewer than 20 cases have been reported in the literature so far. We have summarized here a unique case of nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with intracardiac metastasis resulting in systemic macroembolization to liver, spleen, brain, bowel and musculoskeletal tissues. This led to multiple adverse sequelae including ischemic stroke and bowel perforation.
Protein image alignment via tensor product cubic splines

The class of tensor product cubic splines is considered in an optimization process for two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) image alignment problems arising in proteomics studies. Numerical results are presented along with comparisons with previous results based on piecewise affine and bilinear transformations.
The weaver gene continues to target late-generated dopaminergic neurons in midbrain areas at P90.

Abstract To determine if lethal action of the weaver gene is more intense in late-generated dopaminergic neurons in midbrain areas on postnatal day (P) 90 [ 3 H] thymidine autoradiography and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry were combined in the same tissue section in homozygous weaver mice and normal controls. The experimental animals were the offspring of pregnant dams injected with [ 3 H] thymidine on embryonic days (E) 11–12, E12–13, E13–14 and E14–15. Neurogenetic timetables of dopaminergic neurons were different between wild type and homozygous weavers in all midbrain areas analyzed. A substantial number of late-generated neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and in the ventral tegmental area are missing at P90, in these dopaminergic areas the loss is greater than at P20 indicating that neuronal loss is progressive. The greatest loss is in the substantia nigra pars compacta, confirming the report of Bayer et al. [Exp. Brain Res. 105 (1995) 200] at P20, while in the retrorubral field and the interfascicular nucleus late-generated neuron loss was less severe. These results furnish more evidence that dopaminergic neuron loss in homozygous weaver midbrain is a phenomenon linked to development.
Compression of Distributed Correlated Temperature Data in Sensor Networks

Summary form only given. Distributed Source Coding (DSC) is rapidly gaining popularity, and has many good applications. However, some important correlations are sometimes omitted, such as temporal correlation. In this paper, we consider the correlations of the source data both in spatial and temporal domains for DSC decoding. And this is equally to integrate a Kalman filter in our algorithm. We tested our algorithm on the practical temperature network, and the results turn out it achieved better performance than the algorithm without temporal correlation.
Camera calibration issues in robot calibration with eye-on-hand configuration

Abstract One of the possible methods for accurate, fast, low-cost and automated robot calibration is to employ a single camera rigidly mounted to the robot end-effector together with a single camera calibration board. The end-effector pose is measured by calibration of the camera at every robot measurement configuration. This paper contends that, with several modifications, Tsai's radial alignment constraint (RAC) camera calibration method can be made a fast and sufficiently accurate pose measurement technique. This paper focuses on speed, accuracy and cost enhancement of RAC-based camera calibration. A fast RAC-based algorithm is proposed, which cuts the computation time of Tsai's original algorithm by about a 5: 1 ratio while keeping its accuracy within the tolerances required for a successful robot calibration. A low-cost method for estimation of the ratio of scale factors of the camera/vision system is also proposed. This method does not require a precision vertical micrometer stage to provide non-coplanar calibration points data for camera calibration. Finally, the phenomenon of perspective projection distortion of circular camera calibration points is fully analyzed and error compensation methods are proposed.
A rapid protein A binding radioimmunoassay for the evaluation of antiviral agents

Abstract A simple, rapid and quantitative protein A binding radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed to screen and evaluate antiviral drugs against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. It was found that ( S )-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine (HPMPC) and human gamma-interferon (IFN) were more effective than 9-[(1-3-dihydroxy-2-pro-poxy) methyl]guanine (DHPG) and other IFNs against HCMV replication in human fibroblast cells. The block in virus replication was not due to toxic effect of these compounds on human fibroblast cells. The results were in good agreement with those of other workers. The results indicate that protein A binding RIA can be useful for rapid and quantitative screening of compounds effective against HCMV replication.
Combined relational and textual retrieval in a medical image archive

This paper describes the Center for Imaging Systems Optimization's (CISO) initial efforts to develop a query system that will enhance medical image archive retrieval. As medical archive systems become more commonplace, it is important to examine the system architecture, associate data types, and query support required to effectively take advantage of these systems. Our implementation is a federated system of a relational database, textual database, and image server. The architecture is based on a client-server, extended relational data model. Access is possible through an X window compatible query interface. The data scheme is based on inclusive divisions of the data by patient, study, series, and images. These support patient history, study diagnosis, series protocols, and image observations. This scheme defines four tables in the relational database and four text fields. Acquired images are stored in the image archive, while associated header data is mapped into the relational tables. Dictated readings and other textual information is added and indexed to the image as it is acquired. This system supports a wide range of ad hoc queries based on any or all of the four data categories.
Incidental findings of pericardial calcification

Calcification of the pericardium is a relatively rare finding and often has an uncertain etiology. Incidental findings of pericardial calcification may increase due to widespread application of cardiac computed tomography for the assessment of coronary atherosclerosis in the appropriate clinical setting using coronary artery calcium scoring and/or coronary angiography. Pericardial calcification alone is asymptomatic and is neither necessary nor sufficient for the diagnosis of pericardial constriction. Its presence may suggest of diffused pericardial scarring and consequently, its pathological involvement with pericardial constriction. Calcification of the pericardium must be evaluated with full clinical knowledge to facilitate an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate therapy when required. Our objective is to present a case of asymptomatic pericardial calcification and to discuss the importance of its clinical implications.
Complex carbon nanotube superstructures synthesized with natural mineral catalysts

Complex carbon nanotube (CNT) superstructures have been successfully fabricated through a simple synthesis strategy in which natural minerals containing iron have been treated and then used as catalysts, substrates and templates for the growth of the CNT superstructures. These superstructures were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.
Conversational implicature and the referential use of descriptions

This paper enters the continuing fray over the semantic significance of Donnellan’s referential/attributive distinction. Some holdthat the distinction is at bottom a pragmatic one: i.e., that the difference between the referential use and the attributive use arises at the level of speaker’s meaning rather the level of sentence-or utterance-meaning. This view has recently been challenged byMarga Reimer andMichael Devitt, both of whom argue that the fact that descriptions are regularly, that is standardly, usedto refer defeats the pragmatic approach. The present paper examines a variety of issues bearing on the regularity in question: whether the regularity would arise in a Russellian language, whether the regularity is similar to the standard use ofcomplex demonstratives, and whether the pragmatic approach founders on the problem of dead metaphors. I argue that the pragmatic approach can readily explain all of these facets ofthe referential use of descriptions.
Drug and vehicle deposition from topical applications: localization of minoxidil within skin strata of the hairless mouse.

The cutaneous bioavailability of topical 2% minoxidil solution was verified in live hairless mice. Minoxidil and propy-lene glycol deposition on the skin surface, epidermis and der-mis from the single
IL-10 and NOS2 modulate antigen-specific reactivity and nerve infiltration by T cells in experimental leprosy.

Background Although immunopathology dictates clinical outcome in leprosy, the dynamics of early and chronic infection are poorly defined. In the tuberculoid region of the spectrum, Mycobacterium leprae growth is restricted yet a severe granulomatous lesion can occur. The evolution and maintenance of chronic inflammatory processes like those observed in the leprosy granuloma involve an ongoing network of communications via cytokines. IL-10 has immunosuppressive properties and IL-10 genetic variants have been associated with leprosy development and reactions. Methodology/Principal Findings The role of IL-10 in resistance and inflammation in leprosy was investigated using Mycobacterium leprae infection of mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10−/−), as well as mice deficient in both inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2−/−) and IL-10 (10NOS2−/−). Although a lack of IL-10 did not affect M. leprae multiplication in the footpads (FP), inflammation increased from C57Bl/6 (B6)<IL-10−/−<NOS2−/−<10NOS2−/−. While IL-10−/− mice exhibited modest FP induration compared to B6, NOS2−/− and 10NOS2−/− mice developed markedly enlarged FP marking distinct phases: early (1 month), peak (3–4 months), and chronic (8 months). IFN-γ-producing CD4+CD44+ cells responding to M. leprae cell wall, membrane, and cytosol antigens and ML2028 (Ag85B) were significantly increased in the evolved granuloma in NOS2−/− FP compared to B6 and IL-10−/− during early and peak phases. In 10NOS2−/− FP, CD4+CD44+ and especially CD8+CD44+ responses were augmented even further to these antigens as well as to ML0380 (GroES), ML2038 (bacterioferritin), and ML1877 (EF-Tu). Moreover, fragmented nerves containing CD4+ cells were present in 10NOS2−/− FP. Conclusions/Significance The 10NOS2−/− strain offers insight on the regulation of granuloma formation and maintenance by immune modulators in the resistant forms of leprosy and presents a new model for investigating the pathogenesis of neurological involvement.