cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation complexes in vitro.

Abstract We show that nuclear extract from Drosophila Kc cells supports efficient elongation by RNA polymerase II initiated from the actin 5C promoter. The addition of 0.3% Sarkosyl, 1 mg of heparin per ml, or 250 mM KCl immediately after initiation has two effects. First, the elongation rate is reduced 80 to 90% as a result of the inhibition of elongation factors. Second, there is an increase in the amount of long runoff RNA, suggesting that there is an early block to elongation that is relieved by the disruptive reagents. Consistent with the first effect, we find that the ability of factor 5 (TFIIF) to stimulate the elongation rate is inhibited by the disruptive agents when assayed in a defined system containing pure RNA polymerase II and a dC-tailed template. The disruptive agents also inhibit the ability of DmS-II to suppress transcriptional pausing but only slightly reduce the ability of DmS-II to increase the elongation rate twofold. The pause sites encountered by RNA polymerase II after initiation at a promoter and subsequent treatment with the disruptive reagents are also recognized by pure polymerase transcribing a dC-tailed template. It has been suggested that 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole inhibits RNA polymerase II during elongation, but we find that the purine nucleoside analog has no effect on elongation complexes containing RNA over 500 nucleotides in length or on the action of factor 5 or DmS-II in the defined system.
The Gore-tex sling procedure for female sphincteric incontinence: indications, technique, and results

We constructed a pubovaginal sling using the Gore-tex Soft Tissue Patch and 2-0 polytetrafluoroethlene (PTFE) suspension suture and placed it in 122 consecutive incontinent women with urethral hypermobility and/or intrinsic sphincter deficiency. We performed a retrospective outcome analysis using a questionnaire-based telephone survey. The mean follow-up period was 24.4 months. Stress incontinence was cured in 88% of patients (equally effective in type II and type III incontinence), de novo postoperative urinary frequency occurred in 32% of cases, and preoperative urinary frequency resolved postoperatively in 51% of patients. Significant urinary obstruction occurred in 5% of patients. Vaginal granulation tissue with exposed sling occurred in 4% of patients. There was no urethral or bladder erosion. The treatment of female stress incontinence with a PTFE sling is effective and durable with minimal complications. Furthermore, this technique addresses many of the presumed technical shortcomings of endoscopic needle suspensions.
Characteristics of Ca2+/calmodulin- and Ca2+/phosphatidylserine-stimulated phosphoproteins in rat striatum

The characteristics of endogenous Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)- and Ca2+/phosphatidylserine (PS)-stimulated phosphorylated proteins in the striatum of rat were partially determined and compared in this study. The Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphoproteins were associated with serine and threonine residues. The sensitivity of these proteins for phosphorylation by Ca2+/CaM was not affected by pretreatment of tissue with Ca2+ chelating agent, EGTA or with non-ionic detergent, Triton X-114. Triton X-114 phase separation experiments revealed that these Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphoproteins were partitioned in the detergent rich phase suggesting that they are integral proteins of the striatal membrane. On the other hand, the Ca2+/PS-dependent phosphorylated proteins were primarily associated with the serine residue. Phosphorylation of these proteins by Ca2+/PS were abolished after the treatment with EGTA or Triton X-114. These results suggest that Ca2+/PS-dependent striatal phosphoproteins are biochemically unstable in maintaining their state of phosphorylation.
Bioethics: An Interdisciplinary Enterprise

This paper offers a definition of bioethics and its implication. This is followed by a brief history of medical ethics and a description of the relationship established between bioethics, medicine, and other disciplines. It concludes with the author's presentation of his ideas on bioethics and interdisciplinary specialization, the result of his participation in the design and execution of a program of special studies in bioethics.
The Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium: community development of new Gene Ontology terms describing biological processes involved in microbe-host interactions

All microbes that form beneficial, neutral, or pathogenic associations with hosts face similar challenges. They must physically adhere to and/or gain entry to host tissues; they must avoid, suppress, or tolerate host defenses; they must acquire nutrients from the host and successfully multiply. Microbes that associate with hosts come from many kingdoms of life and include bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and nematodes. The increasing numbers of full genome sequences from these diverse microbes provide the opportunity to discover common mechanisms by which the microbes forge and maintain intimate associations with host organisms. However, cross-genome analyses have been hindered by lack of a universal vocabulary for describing biological processes involved in the interplay between microbes and their hosts. The Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO) Consortium has been working for three years as an official interest group of the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium to develop well-defined GO terms that describe many of the biological processes common to diverse plant- and animal-associated microbes. Creating these terms, over 700 at this time, has required a synthesis of diverse points of view from many research communities. The use of these terms in genome annotation will allow cross-genome searches for genes with common function (without demand for sequence similarity) and also improve the interpretation of data from high-throughput microarray and proteomic analyses. This article, and the more focused mini-reviews that make up this supplement to BMC Microbiology, describe the development and use of these terms.
The importance of endogenous catecholamines in the activity of some CNS stimulants.

Abstract Ten isomers of known central nervous system stimulants were examined for ability to lower chenaoconvulsive threshold. In addition, the involvement of endogenous brain catecholamines in the central activity of these compounds was investigated. The drugs evaluated were d(+) amphetamine, l (−) amphetamine, d (+) pipradrol, l (−) pipradrol, d (−) ephedrine, l (+) ephedrine, d (−)pseudophedrine, l (+)pseudophedrine, d (−) norephedrine, and l (+) norpseudophedrine. All compounds except l (−) pipradrol and d (−)pseudoephedrine demonstrated significant effects on chemoconvulsive threshold. The active isomers of amphetamine and ephedrine were shown to possess large indirect components of activity in that central stimulation with these agents was dependent upon small stores of readily available catecholamines. However, d (+) pipradrol and the isomers of norephedrine appeared to have a considerable amount of direct effect on central receptors. No structure-activity relationship for central stimulation was readily apparent.
Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair and repeat sleeve gastrectomy for gastroesophageal reflux disease after duodenal switch.

Hiatal hernia is frequently seen in the bariatric population. It is often associated with severe reflux that can lead to a decreased quality of life and poor weight loss or even weight regain after bariatric surgery. We present a patient who complained of severe reflux and weight regain 5 years after laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with a duodenal switch (BPD-DS). The associated video demonstrates the laparoscopic repair of the patient’s hiatal hernia (including reduction of the incarcerated sleeve and crural repair) and “re-sleeve” gastrectomy. Case report The patient was a 49-year-old woman who had undergone laparoscopic BPD-DS 5 years before for a body mass index (BMI) of 55 kg/m 2 . At that time, the sleeve gastrectomy was performed over a 60F Bougie, and the duodenal switch consisted of a 150-cm alimentary limb and 100-cm common channel. She had no medical problems, and her surgical history was relevant for open cholecystectomy before her BPD-DS. Her lowest BMI postoperatively was 28 kg/m 2 . She had recently complained of epigastric pain, severe reflux, and weight regain (BMI 31 kg/m 2 ). An upper
Management of acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. The role of prophylactic diltiazem therapy and indications for predischarge coronary arteriography.

Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) differs from Q-wave MI in 3 important respects: a smaller infarct size, possibly due to early reperfusion resulting from spontaneous thrombolysis, relief of spasm, or both; more frequent patency of the infarct-related artery; and a larger residual mass of viable but jeopardised myocardium within the perfusion zone of the infarct-related vessel. Left ventricular function is generally better unless impaired by previous MI. After the acute phase, the prognosis is worse when residual ischaemia is present, and reinfarction rates during hospitalisation and in the subsequent year of follow-up are higher. As myocardial ischaemia is potentially reversible, its presence should be actively sought in all patients with recognised non-Q-wave MI. On the basis of current knowledge and available data, the following guidelines for the management of non-Q-wave MI patients can be recommended: (1) diltiazem and aspirin should be administered to all patients as soon as the diagnosis is established, unless contraindications exist; (2) patients who develop early recurrent ischaemia on therapy (i.e. angina with associated ST-T-wave changes) should undergo prompt cardiac catheterisation and myocardial revascularisation; and (3) patients with entirely uncomplicated hospital histories who are asymptomatic should undergo exercise stress testing, preferably in conjunction with 201Tl perfusion scintigraphy, before hospital discharge. Only those patients with evidence of significant residual ischaemia need cardiac catheterisation and myocardial revascularisation.
Assessment and innovation: One darn thing leads to another

Abstract Using recent experience at Carleton College in Minnesota as a case history, the authors offer a model for assessment that provides more flexibility than the well-known assessment feedback loop, which assumes a linear progression within a hierarchical administrative structure. The proposed model is based on a double helix, with values and feedback serving as the backbone chains, and assessment, curriculum, faculty development, learning outcomes, student performance, and teaching as interactive building blocks. Unlike the base pairs in the DNA double helix, these building blocks can combine in any order, depending on the institutional context. Faculty development, as one of the building blocks, is shown to be most successful as an iterative undertaking in which a threshold level of participation provides statistically significant effects in the curriculum and student learning. Specifically, a faculty member's increased participation in faculty development activities related to writing instruction yields significantly more of that faculty member's assignments in sophomore portfolios compiled by students as a graduation requirement.
Mitochondrial Targets for Stroke Focusing Basic Science Research Toward Development of Clinically Translatable Therapeutics

Background and Purpose— Stroke is a major cause of death and disability, and it is imperative to develop therapeutics to mitigate stroke-related injury. Despite many promising prospects, attempts at translating neuroprotective agents that show success in animal models of stroke have resulted in very limited clinical success. Summary of Review— This review discusses reasons for the lack of translational success based on the therapeutic targets tested and the pathophysiology of stroke. New recanalization therapies and alternative therapeutic strategies are discussed concerning mitochondria-mediated cell death. Mitochondrial death-regulation pathways are divided into 3 categories: Upstream signaling pathways, agents that target mitochondria directly, and downstream death-execution effectors. The apoptosis signal-related kinase/c-Jun-terminal kinase pathway is used as an example to provide rationale as to why inhibiting signaling pathway upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction is a promising therapeutic approac...
Drug use and the risk of major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders.

Methods: Using data from a community-based sample of 736 adults (50% female) from upstate New York, the subjects were interviewed at the mean ages of 14, 16, 22, and 27 years. Psychiatric disorders, measured by ageappropriate versions of the University of Michigan Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and participant’s drug use were assessed. Results: Adolescent and young adult tobacco use was significantly associated with an increased risk of alcohol dependence and substance use disorders at a mean age of 27 years, but not with new episodes of major depressive disorder. Earlier alcohol use significantly predicted later major depressive disorder, alcohol dependence, and substance use disorders in the late 20s, as did early marijuana use and other illicit drug use. Except for the effect of tobacco use on major depressive disorder, early drug use was significantly related to later psychiatric disorders, even after statistically controlling for age, sex, parental educational level, family income, and prior episodes of major depressive disorder and substance use disorders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that early drug use is associated with and predicts later psychiatric disorders. Preventive implications stem from the importance of studying a range of psychiatric disorders in the context of substance use assessed over a wide age range. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:1039-1044
GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN AS A PREDICTOR OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH AND DEATH FROM OTHER CAUSES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Impaired GLS has been associated with an increased risk of SCD in patients with acute MI. However, assessment of the independent importance of GLS and its discriminative value according to mode of death is limited by the relative rare occurrence of SCD. We therefore examined the risk associated with
NSAID-induced ulcers

Nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used chronically by approximately 13 million to 15 million Americans annually for the treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions. While all these agents are quite effective in reducing inflammation and pain, they are also associated with UGI symptoms and mucosal injury. These include abdominal pain/dyspepsia in the absence of ulcer disease; symptomatic and asymptomatic gastric and duodenal ulcers; and clinically significant upper GI events such as bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction, and perforation.
Transient poration and cell surface receptor removal from human lymphocytes in vitro by 1 MHz ultrasound

Abstract The study objective was to gain insight into ultrasound-induced, sub-lytic cell surface modifications. Two primary hypotheses were tested by flow cytometric methods; viz ., sonication will: 1. remove all or part of a specific cell surface marker in lymphocytes surviving insonation, and 2. induce transient pores in the cell membranes of some surviving cells. RPMI 1788 human lymphocytes were exposed in vitro to 1-MHz, continuous-wave ultrasound (∼8 W/cm 2 I SP ) for 30 s, which lysed ∼50% of the cells. Insonation: 1. altered cell morphology, increasing the population of cells of reduced size but high structure (designated as population R2), many of which were nonviable, and diminishing the population of cells of large size and high structure (designated as population R1), most of which were viable, 2. diminished the fluorescence signal from the pan B lymphocyte marker CD19 in populations R1 and R2 to equivalent extents, and 3. increased by ∼7-fold the number of transiently permeabilized cells in R1, as evidenced by simultaneous uptake of propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate. The results indicate that ultrasound-induced CD19 removal from R1 cells can occur without accompanying gross membrane loss. The cell morphology/mortality shifts indicate that the ultrasound-induced morphological change is associated with lethal membrane poration, suggesting that the diminished CD19 fluorescence signal from insonated R2 cells arises partly by simultaneous loss of membrane fragments, CD19 and cytoplasm.
Biotin Synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana (cDNA Isolation and Characterization of Gene Expression)

The full-length BIO2 cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated using an expressed sequence tag that was homologous to the Escherichia coli biotin synthase gene (BioB). Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence from BIO2 with bacterial and yeast biotin synthase homologs revealed a high degree of sequence similarity. The amino terminus of the predicted BIO2 protein contains a stretch of hydrophobic residues similar in composition to transit peptide sequences. BIO2 is a single-copy nuclear gene in Arabidopsis that is expressed at high levels in the tissues of immature plants. Expression of BIO2 was higher in the light relative to dark and was induced 5-fold during biotin-limited conditions. These results demonstrate that expression of at least one gene in this pathway is regulated in response to developmental, environmental, and bio-chemical stimuli.
Synchrotron Models for X-Rays from the Supernova Remnant SN 1006

Recent observations with the ASCA satellite (Koyama et al. 1995) have finally settled the question of the nature of the X-ray spectrum from the remnant of the supernova of 1006 AD. The bright rims have a featureless power-law spectrum while fainter parts of the remnant show a normal thermal spectrum with the expected lines. I describe model images and spectra that fit the data from the bright rims well, on the premise that the X-rays are synchrotron emission from electrons with energies up to 100 TeV accelerated in the remnant blast wave. The maximum energy to which electrons can be accelerated is limited by the requirement that the acceleration time be less than the smaller of the remnant age or the electrons' radiative loss time. In addition, absence of magnetohydrodynamic waves with sufficiently long wavelength to scatter electrons above some energy would allow electrons to escape freely above that energy, rather than being further accelerated. The maximum energy is thus a function of time and position. I assume that the electron mean free path is proportional to gyroradius, with proportionality constant f. With no internal magnetic field amplification beyond the original shock compression, the observed morphology, spectral shape, and X-ray flux at 4 keV can be fitted well with two models, one with escape, and the other with a perhaps unreasonably low upstream magnetic field. The former model has an external magnetic field strength of 3 μG, f = 10, and a maximum MHD wavelength of 1017 cm. The latter, no-escape model has an external magnetic field strength of 0.6 μG and f = 1. Both models predict upstream emission at a level of a few percent of postshock emission, but with differing morphologies. Models with an upstream magnetic field of 3 μG and without escape overpredict X-rays at 4 keV by over an order of magnitude.
Dynamic Trust Management

We continue to investigate the use of trust management techniques to specify dynamic policies in complex integrated service-oriented networks. For this work, we use the DoD GIG's service-oriented architecture as a focal point. In this research's initial phase, we are developing prototype dynamic trust management policy services for a service-oriented architecture. In our research's next phase, we will develop and analyze policies with properties that maintain strict separation between services while allowing exceptions. Finally, we are developing improved trust management languages and systems that more explicitly support dynamic policies in service-oriented architectures, based on the semantic and performance experiences gained in the research's first phases. Our focus will be twofold. First, we will explore adding trust-management language features that better support dynamic policies, based both on our experiences in the initial research and on the GIG's specific requirements. Second, we will conduct experiments to measure the performance implications of incorporating the trust management layer in the various layers of such systems. A significant open research question is whether trust management is architecturally best implemented as a low-level operating system service, an application-layer service, or somewhere in between.
Not-So-Clean Fun: A Profile of Bath Salt Users Among a College Sample in the United States

AbstractThis research examines the characteristics of users of synthetic stimulants marketed as “bath salts.” Synthetic stimulants such as MDPV (3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone), Mephedrone (4-Methylmethcathinone), and Methylone (3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone) are often contained in products sold at convenience stores and over the Internet in the United States. Despite the recent legal action banning these types of synthetic stimulants, little is known about the characteristics of the users of these substances. This research provides a profile of bath salt users in the United States among an emerging adult population. A self-report survey instrument was administered to 2,349 students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Respondents indicated whether they had used synthetic stimulants and reported demographic characteristics. Results indicated that users of bath salts were more likely to be male, Hispanic or Native American, student athletes, employed, identify as a members of the LGBT...
Introducing new variables and constraints into computer architecture education: keynote address

Computer architecture education has evolved significantly over the last 30 years, especially in academia. Businesses have often sought to provide their internal education on various aspects of computer architecture. The goal of this talk is to provide an overview of many other variables and constraints that could further enrich the education of computer architecture. The intent is to suggest some new aspects of computer architecture education curriculum that will enrich the development of architecture & associated evaluation criteria
Theory of Auger decay by laser-dressed atoms

We devise an ab initio formalism for the quantum dynamics of Auger decay by laser-dressed atoms which are inner-shell ionized by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light. The optical dressing laser is assumed to be sufficiently weak such that ground-state electrons are neither excited nor ionized by it. However, the laser has a strong effect on continuum electrons which we describe in strong-field approximation with Volkov waves. The XUV light pulse has a low peak intensity and its interaction is treated as a one-photon process. The quantum dynamics of the inner-shell hole creation with subsequent Auger decay is given by equations of motion (EOMs). For this paper, the EOMs are simplified in terms of an essential-states model which is solved analytically and averaged over magnetic subshells. We apply our theory to the M_4,5 N_1 N_2,3 Auger decay of a 3d hole in a krypton atom. The orbitals are approximated by scaled hydrogenic wave functions. A single attosecond pulse produces 3d vacancies which Auger decay in the presence of an 800nm laser with an intensity of 10^13 W / cm^2. We compute the Auger electron spectrum and assess the convergence of the various quantities involved.
Design, synthesis, and protein crystallography of biaryltriazoles as potent tautomerase inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

Optimization is reported for biaryltriazoles as inhibitors of the tautomerase activity of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and cancer. A combined approach was taken featuring organic synthesis, enzymatic assaying, crystallography, and modeling including free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. X-ray crystal structures for 3a and 3b bound to MIF are reported and provided a basis for the modeling efforts. The accommodation of the inhibitors in the binding site is striking with multiple hydrogen bonds and aryl–aryl interactions. Additional modeling encouraged pursuit of 5-phenoxyquinolinyl analogues, which led to the very potent compound 3s. Activity was further enhanced by addition of a fluorine atom adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group as in 3w, 3z, 3aa, and 3bb to strengthen a key hydrogen bond. It is also shown that physical properties of the compounds can be modulated by variation of solvent-exposed subst...
Conjunctivitis and Keratoconjunctivitis Associated with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

Nineteen patients with a variety of well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases were examined for ocular abnormalities. Eight patients with low levels, or absence, of all the major serum immunoglobulins had conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis associated with bacterial infection. The remaining 11 patients, who had at least one immunoglobulin class present in normal concentration in the serum, showed no inflammatory ocular lesion. Absence of only IgA, the major tear immunoglobulin, did not predispose the eye to these lesions.
The Theological Contributions of Bishop K. H. Ting to Christian/Pastoral Counseling

As China enters an era of urbanization and change, mental health issues are increasingly becoming a concern of the Christian church. Pastoral counseling is taking new shape as people of faith respond to those in their midst in need of care. Bishop K. H. Ting, a long-time leader of the Chinese church, has stressed the importance of an indigenous Chinese Christianity. This article is based on an examination of Bishop Ting's theological writing with the aim of eliciting themes that might be foundational in the construction of inherently Chinese models of pastoral counseling. Based on a survey of his work, six themes emerge with particular importance for pastoral counseling: the Three-Self church, God is Love, the Cosmic Christ, ethical responsibility, theological reconstruction, and religion in society. These themes are explored within their uniquely Chinese context and suggestions for application to the practice of pastoral counseling are discussed.
A seismic survey experience for a summer geology field camp

The University of Oklahoma summer geology field camp in Colorado gives junior and senior undergraduate geology majors an opportunity to apply principles learned in class to actual mapping challenges. From 1947 to 1948, the camp was located near Crested Butte, Colorado, but it moved to a new location northeast of Canon City in 1949 (Huffman, 1990). Oklahoma State University and the University of Oklahoma jointly used this location along 8-Mile Creek until 1986 when the OU students began staying at the Holy Cross Abbey in Canon City (Figure 1). Accommodation and working space in the new location were in the residence hall of the former Abbey boys' school.
Mechanistic basis of immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease for which there is no cure. The pancreatic beta cells are the source of insulin that keeps blood glucose normal. When susceptible individuals develop T1D, their beta cells are destroyed by autoimmune T lymphocytes and no longer produce insulin. T1D patients therefore depend on daily insulin injections for survival. Gene therapy in T1D aims at the induction of new islets to replace those that have been destroyed by autoimmunity. A major goal of T1D research is to restore functional beta cell mass while eliminating diabetogenic T cells in the hope of achieving insulin independence. Multiple therapeutic strategies for the generation of new beta cells have been under intense investigations. However, newly formed beta cells would be immediately destroyed by diabetogenic T cells. Therefore, successful islet induction therapy must be supported by potent immunotherapy that will protect the newly formed beta cells. Herein, we will summarize the current information on immunotherapies that aim at modifying T cell response to beta cells. We will first outline the immune mechanisms that underlie T1D development and progression and review the scientific background and rationale for specific modes of immunotherapy. Numerous clinical trials using antigen-specific strategies and immune-modifying drugs have been published, though most have proved too toxic or have failed to provide long-term beta cell protection. To develop an effective immunotherapy, there must be a continued effort on defining the molecular basis that underlies T cell response to pancreatic islet antigens in T1D.
Interaction of the Eg5 Loop 5 with the Nucleotide Binding Site

Loop 5 (L5) is a conserved loop that projects from the α2-helix adjacent to the P-loop at the nucleotide site of all kinesin super-family motors. In kinesin-1 and kinesin-3 motors, L5 is 6-8 amino acids in length. Kinesin-5 motors such as Eg5 have longer L5 loops, ∼17 a.a. in length. X-ray structures show that L5 is the binding site for small molecules that inhibit microtubule-stimulated ADP release by Eg5. However, crystallography has failed to identify the function of L5 because all Eg5 structures, both with and without bound inhibitors, show similar conformations for L5. It is bent away from the nucleotide site with an unusual loop W127 residue interacting with hydrophobic surface patches and the inhibitor. The proximity of the Eg5 L5 to the nucleotide site suggests it could interact with a bound nucleotide, modulating function. Larson (this meeting) presents EPR spectroscopy data supporting this conclusion. We have used molecular modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the potential interaction of L5 and the nucleotide. The L5 domain of the Eg5•ADP x-ray structure was manually deformed via phi-psi backbone rotations. L5 was sufficiently lengthy that W127 could be located in proximity to the adenine ring of ADP. The modified structure was solvated in a box of explicit waters and energy minimized. After 1000 ps of MD simulation, a stable structure was obtained. The structure shows L5 interacting with the adenine ring of ADP via W127 in a pocket formed by the hydrophobic portions of the side chains of E129, D130, and by P27. The structure shows significant impingement on the ribose hydroxyls, consistent with the experimental results of Larson. Thus the simulations provide support for the hypothesis that L5 modulates Eg5 function via interaction with the nucleotide-binding site.
Aerial Lidar Data Classification using Expectation-Maximization

We use the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to classify 3D aerial lidar scattered height data into four categories: road, grass, buildings, and trees. To do so we use five features: height, height variation, normal variation, lidar return intensity, and image intensity. We also use only lidar-derived features to organize the data into three classes (the road and grass classes are merged). We apply and test our results using ten regions taken from lidar data collected over an area of approximately eight square miles, obtaining higher than 94% accuracy. We also apply our classifier to our entire dataset, and present visual classification results both with and without uncertainty. We use several approaches to evaluate the parameter and model choices possible when applying EM to our data. We observe that our classification results are stable and robust over the various subregions of our data which we tested. We also compare our results here with previous classification efforts using this data.
Alcoholism and Affective Disorder

From January to November 1980, 421 consecutive new patient admissions to a large alcohol treatment facility were interviewed and diagnosed using the Affective Disorder Section of the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The patient population was divided into two groups based on the presence of an affective disorder diagnosis. The groups identified at the highest risk for concurrent affective disorder among alcoholic inpatients were females ages 20 through 30 and not presently married individuals. Implications of these findings are further discussed.
Monoclonal antibodies to the beta-adrenergic receptor: modulation of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase by the antibody.

We have developed two types of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the turkey erythrocyte β1-adrenergic receptor in order to study the β-adrenergic-cAMP system of epidermis. Splenic cells from BALB/c mice immunized with partially purified turkey erythrocyte β1-adrenergic were fused with mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0-Ag14. Five hybridomas of 17 positive cells producing antibodies which could precipitate soluble turkey erythrocyte β1-receptors were cloned by the limiting dilution method. The antibodies cross-reacted with β- and β2-adrenergic receptors and stained epidermal basal cells with immunocytochemical techniques. Neither type of antibody interfered with the antagonist binding, i.e., all antibodies bound to sites other than the ligand binding site on the surface. One type of antibody inhibited epinephrine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in our “leaky” epidermal cell system. The data suggest that the antibody interferes with the coupling of the receptor to the regulatory protein.
A 122Xe122I generator for remote radio-iodinations

Abstract A 122 Xe 122 I generator system is described that produces 122 I extraction efficiencies of ∼60%. Radiocontaminants were less than 0.1% at the time of 122 I removal following a 10 min ingrowth period. The chemical form of 122 I was identified as [ 122 I]iodide, and the [ 122 I]iodide was remotely incorporated into radiopharmaceuticals for PET studies with an overall efficiency of as much as 40%.
Superoxide anion production by the autoxidation of cytochrome P450cam

Abstract Chemiluminescence occurs on autoxidation of oxygenated ferrous cytochrome P450cam and is abolished by reagents that scavenge free radicals, by superoxide dismutase and singlet oxygen quenchers. We attribute the chemiluminescence to the decay of an excited singlet oxygen which arises from a superoxide anion radical precursor.
A structural equation model of the writing process in typically-developing sixth grade children

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how sixth grade children planned, translated, and revised written narrative stories using a task reflecting current instructional and assessment practices. A modified version of the Hayes and Flower (1980) writing process model was used as the theoretical framework for the study. Two hundred one sixth-grade students participated in a three-day writing task. On the first day they generated ideas for their story, on the second day they produced a first draft, and on the third day they revised their draft to produce a final copy. Scores from each day’s writing were used as measured variables representing the latent variables of planning, translating, and revising. Confirmatory structural equation modeling results suggested that the latent variable of planning had a moderate relationship to translating and that translating had a stronger than expected relationship with revising. Significant paths between measured and latent variables demonstrated the relative contribution of skills towards the writing process. The approach used in this study highlighted the linear manner in which intermediate grade children write. Findings suggest that planning had a direct effect on translating, but no direct effect on revising. There was a strong relationship between translating and revising, suggesting few differences between students’ first and final drafts.
Venus exospheric structure: The role of solar radiation pressure

The existence of a "hot" population of hydrogen atoms in the Venus exosphere is well known. In the outer coronal region where it is dominant (r 3 2.ORv), hydrogen atoms are also subject to a relatively strong radiation pressure exerted by resonant scattering of solar Lyman-a photons. Collisionless models illustrating the consequent structure are discussed, with the nonthermal population mimicked by a dual Maxwellian exobase kinetic distribution. In these models. a considerable fraction of the "hot" atoms outside 2.ORv belongs to the quasi-satellite component, this fraction exceeding l/2 for 4.0Rv < r 6 lO.OR,. Quasi-satellites also raise the kinetic temperature near 2.ORv by N 150 K. Solar ionization of bound atoms occurs mainly outside the ionopause, yielding a partial escape flux 3 2 x IO6 cn-' s- ' over the dayside exobase for assumed solar conditions. The inclusion of a cold exobase prescribed by Pioneer Venus observations has little influence on the outer region (in particular, the quasi-satellite component is unaltered) except that the transition to "hot" kinetic character occurs closer to the exobase on the nightside due to the colder main exobase temperatures there. Lastly, a "tail" of bound atoms is formed as in the terrestrial situation.
Linear Phase Coefficient Composite Filters For Optical Pattern Recognition

A new type of composite filters called the Linear Phase Coefficient Composite Filters (LPCCF) is introduced. Unlike previous approaches to composite filter design, this method considers the training set selection and the filter design simultaneously. The LPCCF is obtained by summing the training images weighted by complex weights of unit magnitude and linear phase. This paper also presents a way of combining the outputs of a bank of LPCCFs. Computer simulations are also included to quantify the performance of this approach.
Machine oil inhibits the osseointegration of orthopaedic implants by impairing osteoblast attachment and spreading

The most important factor contributing to short-term and long-term success of cementless total joint arthroplasties is osseointegration. Osseointegration leads to a direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of an implant. Surface contaminants may remain on orthopaedic implants after sterilization procedures and impair osseointegration. For example, specific lots of hip replacement Sulzer Inter-OP(TM) acetabular shells that were associated with impaired osseointegration and early failure rates were found to be contaminated with both bacterial debris and machine oil residues. However, the effect of machine oil on implant integration is unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if machine oil inhibits the osseointegration of orthopaedic implants. To test this hypothesis in vivo we used our murine model of osseointegration where titanium alloy implants are implanted into a unicortical pilot hole in the mid-diaphysis of the femur. We found that machine oil inhibited bone-to-implant contact and biomechanical pullout measures. Machine oil on titanium alloy discs inhibited early stages of MC3T3-E1 osteogenesis in vitro such as attachment and spreading. Inhibition of osteoblast attachment and spreading occurred in both areas with and without detectable oil. Osteoblast growth was in turn inhibited on discs with machine oil due to both a decrease in proliferation and an increase in cell death. Later stages of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization on titanium alloy discs were also inhibited. Thus, machine oil can inhibit osseointegration through cell autonomous effects on osteoblast cells. These results support routine testing by manufacturers of machine oil residues on orthopaedic implants.
Service and Science in Times of Crisis: Developing, Planning, and Implementing a Clinical Research Program for Children Traumatically Bereaved After 9/11

September 11, 2001 was a tragedy unparalleled in the United States, resulting in the largest number of parentally bereaved children from a single terrorist incident. The event necessitated swift and sensitive development of programs to meet the needs of bereaved children and their families, and it offered a rare opportunity to investigate the symptoms of, and intervention for, traumatic bereavement. Progress is being made in evaluating assessment and treatment services for traumatically bereaved children and their caregivers. However, attention must be paid to how programs are created in order to carry out the work. This article reports on the methods used to develop and deliver a clinical research program in the aftermath of 9/11. The specific challenges following a crisis, the decision-making process and lessons learned are highlighted, and future program development recommendations are presented.
Nucleotide sequence and secondary structure of VSV leader RNA and homologous DNA involved in inhibition of DNA-dependent transcription

We have analyzed the nucleotide sequences and secondary structure required for the transcriptional inhibitory activity of the plus-strand leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in a reconstituted HeLa cell transcription system using the adenovirus-2 late promoter (LP) and virus-associated (VA) genes as templates. The New Jersey serotype (VSVNJ) leader and the leader of the Indiana serotype (VSVInd) both contain cleavage sites for the double-strand-specific ribonuclease V1, and these sites are consistent with the presence of a predicted AU-rich stem-loop structure. Studies in which the secondary structure was perturbed with the intercalating agent proflavin suggested that a stem-loop structure enhances the efficiency of transcription inhibition in the VSVNJ leader. Experiments using leader RNA fragments, a VSVInd cDNA derived from the 3' end of the genome, and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide homologous to regions of the VSV leader indicated that the AU(AT)-rich center region of the VSV leader molecule is sufficient to inhibit DNA-dependent transcription directed by both polymerase II and III, but flanking nucleotide sequences are important for more efficient inhibition of transcription.
Location versus distance in determining movement accuracy.

In a pursuit-tracking task consisting of 100 positioning movements between targets at 5 fixed positions, target location (proximity to the boundary of the task) varied independently of movement amplitude. Eighty-seven subjects performed 12 trials of the task, with target width (at 3 levels) as a between-subject variable. A microprocessor system detected the location of the end-point of each primary movement. Movement accuracy (measured as end-point dispersion not constant error) varied with target location but not movement amplitude, while movement time varied with both factors. The effect of target width on movement accuracy was less consistent. The observed effects are discussed in terms of a mass-spring model of muscular action. It is concluded that apart from having important consequences for the design of positioning experiments, these results call into question information-processing and impulse-variability theories which implicate movement amplitude in determining movement accuracy, and support the...
"Conjoined" nerve roots: a requirement for computed tomographic and myelographic correlation for diagnosis.

In a case of "conjoined" nerve roots with herniated nucleus pulposus, the computed tomographic findings were inconclusive, if not misleading. Myelography alone was also not definitive. Correlation of these two studies allowed a successful surgical approach.
A frame work for search forms classification

The deep web pages provide highly relevant quality content and represent a large sector of online information sources, yet general purpose search engines do not find deep web pages due to difficulties of identifying them. In this paper, we present a frame work to identify search forms from non search forms using a small number of HTML input elements extracted from user input HTML forms and a few keywords. It utilizes pre-query technique and post-query technique in a hierarchical manner. Decision trees and multi layer artificial neural networks were used to obtain the classification rates over 91% to classify search forms and non search forms. In the new frame work, it is proposed to use post query technique additionally at the last step to distinguish suite search forms form deep search forms.
Postmenopausal hormone therapy, timing of initiation, APOE and cognitive decline

Associations between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and cognitive decline may depend on apolipoprotein E (APOE) status or timing of initiation. We included 16,514 Nurses' Health Study participants aged 70-81 years who were followed since 1976 and completed up to 3 telephone cognitive assessments (2 years apart), between 1995 and 2006. The tests assessed general cognition (Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status; TICS), verbal memory, and category fluency. We used longitudinal analyses to estimate differences in cognitive decline across hormone groups. APOE genotype was available in 3697 participants. Compared with never users, past or current HT users showed modest but statistically significant worse rates of decline in the TICS: the multivariable-adjusted difference in annual rate of decline in the TICS among current estrogen only users versus never users was -0.04 (95% confidence interval, -0.07 to -0.004); for current estrogen + progestin users, the mean difference was -0.05 (95% confidence interval, -0.10 to -0.002). These differences were equivalent to those observed in women who are 1-2 years apart in age. We observed no protective associations with early timing of hormone initiation. We found suggestive interactions with APOE e4 status (e.g., on TICS, p interaction, 0.10), where the fastest rate of decline was observed among APOE e4 carriers who were current HT users. Regardless of timing of initiation, HT may be associated with worse rates of decline in general cognition, especially among those with an APOE e4 allele.
Intelligent optimization techniques making practical emergency responder sensor networks

Swarm intelligence algorithms are developed to solve different aspect of the complex “First Responder Sensor Network” for emergency personnel. Swarm intelligence algorithms can solve both design problems as well as real-time processing problems. In this paper, two particle swarm optimization algorithms are developed to solve a complex design problem and, for contrast, multilateration, a real-time signal-processing problem. A novel signal design technique is developed to design an ultra-wideband signal that supports communications as well as estimating location inside buildings and in hazardous conditions where GPS is unavailable. With the real-time processing in this network, propagation time is measured so that the location is estimated by a multilateration algorithm. The PSO based multilateration algorithm fuses time measurements from three or more sensors to locate a person in a two coordinate system.
Spectral Irradiances as Determined Through the Use of Prism and Filter Spectroradiometric Techniques

Spectral irradiances determined by conventional prism monochromator and by system employing narrow bandpass interference filters
Role of milk immunoglobulins in fat globule clustering and the ring test phenomenon.

Abstract Immunoglobulins of various types were effective in promoting fat globule clustering and creaming in milk. Fat globule agglutinin preparations isolated from the surface of clustered fat globules were found to contain immunoglobulins. On the basis of these findings, the mechanism for the Brucella Ring Test is postulated to involve adsorption of specific agglutinins on the fat globules in such a way that the reactive sites of the Brucella agglutinins are available to combine with Brucella cells.