cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metacercarial distribution of Centrocestus formosanus among fish hosts in the Guadalupe River drainage of Texas.

Abstract We examined the gills of wild fish collected from central Texas for Centrocestus formosanus metacercariae to determine whether this temperature-restricted parasite had invaded the thermally dynamic Guadalupe River via an introduced population in its thermally stable tributary, the Comal River. We collected fish from three sites in the Guadalupe River near its confluence with the Comal River (upstream, at, and downstream) and one site in the Comal River. Centrocestus formosanus infected 14 of the 25 species examined (56.0%) and 171 of the individual fish (27.1%). Several of the infected fish represent new host records for the parasite, and two are listed as species of special concern by the state of Texas. Mean metacercarial intensities varied from 8 to 616 among species, and the highest recorded intensity was greater than 800 in two Guadalupe roundnose minnow Dionda nigrotaeniata. Among the 24 species examined from the Guadalupe River, 11 (45.8%) were infected with C. formosanus. Thorough surveys...
Yield of Serial Evaluation in At-Risk Family Members of Patients With ARVD/C

Background Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) complicate family screening.
Why Some Faces won't be Remembered: Brain Potentials Illuminate Successful Versus Unsuccessful Encoding for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces

Memory is often less accurate for faces from another racial group than for faces from one's own racial group. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are a topic of active debate. Contemporary theories invoke factors such as inferior expertise with faces from other racial groups and an encoding emphasis on race-specifying information. We investigated neural mechanisms of this memory bias by recording event-related potentials while participants attempted to memorize same-race and other-race faces. Brain potentials at encoding were compared as a function of successful versus unsuccessful recognition on a subsequent memory test. Late positive amplitudes predicted subsequent memory for same-race faces and, to a lesser extent, for other-race faces. By contrast, the amplitudes of earlier frontocentral N200 potentials and occipito-temporal P2 potentials were larger for later-remembered relative to later-forgotten other-race faces. Furthermore, N200 and P2 amplitudes were larger for other-race faces with features considered atypical of that race relative to faces that were race-stereotypical (according to a consensus from a large group of other participants). In keeping with previous reports, we infer that these earlier potentials index the processing of unique or individuating facial information, which is key to remembering a face. Individuation may tend to be uniformly high for same-race faces but lower and less reliable for other-race faces. Individuation may also be more readily applied for other-race faces that appear less stereotypical. These electrophysiological measures thus provide novel evidence that poorer memory for other-race faces stems from encoding that is inadequate because it fails to emphasize individuating information.
Antigen (ferritin) and antibody distribution in the rat lymph node after primary and secondary responses and after prolonged stimulation.

With electron microscopy it was observed that ferritin antigen was taken up in pinocytotic vesicles by the reticular cells. No antigen was observed in lymphocytes, in immature or mature plasma cells after primary and secondary stimulation, or after hyperstimulation. In hyperstimulated tissue a larger number of more complex vesicles containing ferritin were visible, more ferritin was found free in the cytoplasm and a larger number of multiple-membraned figures were present. Hyperstimulation led to the appearance of activated fixed reticular cells which were characterized by cytoplasm containing a rich endoplasmic reticulum with dilated cisternae and ferritin both free and in vesicles. The activated fixed reticular cells therefore contain antigenic ferritin and have the characteristics of cells engaged in protein synthesis. Using fluorescent antibody staining no antigenic material was detectable in the antibody producing plasma cell; therefore if antigen fragments not identifiable in electron microscopy are present they are in a form not available for antibody staining. Gamma-globulin was not detectable in the activated reticular cell. It may be necessary for the intact antigen to be completely modified and for the cell to lose its fixed position before γ-globulin synthesis can begin.
Generalized selective assembly

Selective assembly has traditionally been used to achieve tight specifications on the clearance of two mating parts. However, its applicability is not limited to this particular type of assembly. This article develops a generalized version of selective assembly called GSA. It is a powerful tool that can be used to improve the quality of assemblies of single units of different component types. Two variants of GSA are considered: Direct Selective Assembly (DSA) and Fixed Bin Selective Assembly (FBSA). The former is selective assembly using information from measurements on component characteristics directly, whereas the latter is selective assembly of components sorted into bins. For each variant, the problem of matching the N components of each type to give N assemblies that minimize quality cost is formulated as a linear integer program. The component matching problem for DSA is an axial multi-index assignment problem, whereas for FBSA, it is an axial multi-index transportation problem. Simulations are per...
Express method for determining the presence of defects of the surface of oxide-ceramic coatings

Using a multiresolution relevance function for the localization and subsequent segmentation of surface objects of oxide-ceramic coatings, we propose an express method for determining their number and sizes.
Soliciting and providing social support over the Internet: An investigation of online eating disorder support groups.

Using a longitudinal, systematic random sample of 490 postings, this study analyzed the type of social support provided, the strategies used to solicit social support, and the themes on the top 5 Yahoo! eating disorder discussion boards. Optimal match theory was used as the theoretical framework for the study. Results suggest that messages providing informational support were more prevalent than those providing instrumental support. Also, the findings revealed that the most frequent strategy for soliciting support was sharing experiences and the most frequent theme was positive affect. The results of the study highlight the significance of prosocial communication exchanges on these discussion boards.
Body size influences mating strategies in a simultaneously hermaphroditic sea slug, Aplysia vaccaria

The relationship between body size and hermaphroditic mating strategies was studied by following a population of the sea slug, Aplysia vaccaria, for one year. Fourteen individuals were tagged with internal microchips, and all mating pairs were weighed. Tagged individuals mated repeatedly both as sperm recipients and sperm donors. There was a trend toward size-assortative mating and size-assortative spatial clustering, and animals acting as females were larger than the average mass for the population. These findings support prior studies showing an association between larger relative size and sperm recipient roles in hermaphroditic gastropods, and highlight the need for critical experiments to determine the mechanisms of role choice and mate choice.
Body weight loss with phentermine alone versus phentermine and fenfluramine with very-low-calorie diet in an outpatient obesity management program: a retrospective study.

Background: Obesity, which is epidemic in the United States, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The combination of diet, exercise, and a behavior-modification program often does not result in ideal body weight. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of phentermine (Phen) alone compared with phentermine plus fenfluramine (Phen-Fen), when used in combination with a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) for weight loss in an outpatient obesity center. Methods: We analyzed data collected at the UCLA outpatient University Obesity Center between 1993 and 1999. Data for patients who attended the center for at least 12 weeks and at least 4 visits, who were taking Phen or Phen-Fen, and whose body mass index (BMI) was ≥30 kg/m2 were included in this retrospective study. Results: During the study period, 3200 visits were recorded. Of 1133 potential participants, 446 patients were included in the analysis (309 women, 137 men; mean [SD] age, 46.7 [11.4] years; mean [SEM] body weight, 109.6 [26.7] kg; mean [SEM] BMI, 38.0 [7.6] kg/m2). Of these, 128 women and 60 men (mean [SEM] body weight at baseline, 103.4 [24.0] kg and 124.9 [28.2] kg, respectively) received Phen alone; 181 women and 77 men (mean [SEM] body weight at baseline, 102.5 [21.4] kg and 124.9 [30.2] kg, respectively) received Phen-Fen. No statistically significant differences were found between the Phen and Phen-Fen groups in mean age, body weight, or BMI for women or men at baseline. No significant differences in the time of weight loss were found when a VLCD was used with Phen alone compared with the Phen-Fen combination for either sex even at 12 weeks. For women, the mean total body weight loss was 7.4% in the Phen group and 8.7% in the Phen-Fen group, but these differences were not significant. For men, the mean total body weight loss was 7.8% in the Phen group and 8.2% in the Phen-Fen group, but these differences were not significant. No significant differences in BMI, severe adverse events, or dropout rate were found between the 2 treatment groups for men or women. Conclusions: This outpatient study did not detect any significant difference between adjunctive uses of Phen compared with Phen-Fen pharmacotherapy when used with VLCD over 12 weeks. Phen can be used to achieve significant weight loss when combined with VLCD. The tolerability and positive physical response further suggest that Phen is a valuable medication for obesity management in the outpatient setting.
Practical depression screening in residential care/assisted living: five methods compared with gold standard diagnoses.

Objective: To test the accuracy of five practical depression screening strategies in older adults residing in residential care/assisted living (RC/AL). Design: Cross-sectional screening study. Setting: Four RC/AL communities in North Carolina. Participants: A total of 112 residents aged ≥65 and 27 staff members involved in their care. Measurements: Direct care staff was trained in and completed the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, modified for use by long-term care staff (CSDD-M-LTCS). They additionally responded to a one-item question “Do you believe the resident is often sad or depressed?” and the Minimum Data Set Depression Rating Scale (DRS). Residents responded directly to the Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item version; GDS-15) and the Patient Health Questionnaire, 2-item version (PHQ-2). A geriatric psychiatrist performed gold standard diagnostic interviews using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated for all instruments at predetermined cutpoints. Results: Gold standard diagnoses yielded 14% prevalence of major or minor depression. The CSDD-M-LTCS and one-item screen completed by caregivers failed to significantly discriminate depressed cases. The DRS yielded high specificity (0.85) but low sensitivity (0.47). For the two resident reported measures, the PHQ-2 had a sensitivity of 0.80 and specificity of 0.71, and the GDS-15, 0.60 and 0.75, respectively. Conclusion: Measures completed by caregivers failed to adequately detect depression. Of the measures completed directly by residents, the PHQ-2 seems to have the best mix of brevity, sensitivity, and ease of administration.
Exploiting regularity of user-defined types to improve precision of program analyses

Traditional compilers do not effectively optimize code involving operations on values of user-defined types. We show that user-defined types that are both "regular" and "composite" (roughly corresponding to what is casually known as "value semantics") can be analyzed efficiently and effectively. The notion of regularity comes from generic programming and C++. Is routinely used by programmers for reasoning about generic code. Stepanov suggests that compilers too should take advantage of regularity for optimizations. This paper exploits the properties of regular composite objects to produce concise procedure summaries for summary-based analyses, thus taking a step towards Stepanov's goal. We use the LLVM framework to implement the analysis.
Narrow size distribution nanoparticle production by electrospray processing of ferritin

Abstract Electrospraying and in-flight heating of ferritin, the iron-storage protein, was used to produce controlled size, monodisperse aerosol particles which can be used as size standards for instrument calibration. As aerosol particles can be collected in liquids or on a substrate, standard size aerosol nanoparticles can be used for the calibration and development of not only aerosol instrumentation, but also colloid instrumentation and electron microscopes. Differences in the sizes of apoferritin and ferritin were detectable using scanning mobility particle spectrometry. Apoferritin has a mobility diameter of 11.8 nm, while iron-rich ferritin had a mobility diameter of 13.1 nm and the size distribution function of both apoferritin and ferritin had geometric standard deviations of 1.05. In-flight heating in a furnace aerosol reactor was used to remove the ferritin protein coat and produce monodisperse iron oxide particles 7.9 nm in diameter and a size distribution function geometric standard deviation of 1.07. Ferritin dimers and higher order n-mers, produced from multiple ferritin complexes being present in a single electrospray droplet, remained bound to each other after in-flight heating. Monte Carlo simulations of the electrospray process showed that as long as the electrospray droplets are sufficiently monodisperse, monodisperse standard size nanoparticles can also be produced from ferritin n-mers.
The effect of antibacterial products on bacterial soft rot of potatoes

To test antibacterial products for their ability to prevent soft rot they were applied to potatoes which were then incubated either in an atmosphere containing <1% O2 in N2 or in polythene bags. The following products, applied as dips, reduced the incidence of soft rot of tubers incubated in <1% O2 in N2: 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1.5–3.0 g l1; Anthium Dioxcide, equivalent to ClO2 1.0–2.0 g l1 in a stabilized form; chlorine dioxide, 1.0–1.5 g l1; virginiamycin, 0.5–2.0 g l−1. Acetaldehyde vapour, 30 ml. l1, applied for 4 h, was also effective. Ten other products were ineffective; a further five compounds were effective but the concentrations required were injurious to tubers. Anthium Dioxcide or chlorine dioxide at one tenth of the above concentrations reduced the incidence of rots in tubers stored in polythene bags. Addition of sodium benzoate solution to peat used in packs of potatoes reduced the incidence of rots but caused slight discolouration.
Textbook inflation: thirty-five years of Brown’s general chemistry textbook

Today’s general chemistry textbooks have grown to considerable size and cost, with a dazzling array of photos, illustrations, tables, insets and worked problems that compete for attention with the actual text. This letter examines the evolution of one particular textbook – Brown, LeMay, Bursten, and Burdge’s ‘Chemistry: the central science’ – and raises some questions about the current state of the general chemistry textbook. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2006, 7 (1), 46-48]
Dynamic Provisioning of Survivable Services Using Path-Segment Protecting p-Cycles in WDM Networks

Span protecting p-cycle has been shown to be a promising approach for survivable WDM network design because of its ability to achieve ring-like recovery speed while maintaining the capacity efficiency of a mesh-restorable network. In [12], the concept of span protecting p-cycle is extended to path-segment protecting p-cycle (flow p-cycle for short) which can protect a multi-span segment of a working path. An ILP model that computes the optimal placement of flow p-cycles for protecting a given set of demands (i.e., static traffic) is given in [12]. In this paper, we present an algorithm that uses flow p-cycles for service protection in dynamic traffic scenario. When a demand arrives at the network, a working path needs to be selected for the demand and a set of flow p-cycles need to be configured for protecting the demand. To utilize the network capacity efficiently, we propose to reuse the existing flow p-cycles in the network to protect the current demand. Based on this idea, we develop an ILP formulation to compute the working path and flow p-cycles for the current demand to minimize the working and spare capacity required by the demand. We also describe a demand teardown procedure that accurately computes the network capacities that can be reclaimed when a demand departs the network. Simulation results show that flow p-cycle outperforms span p-cycle to a considerable extent for dynamic traffic.
Determination of hydralazine and metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

The cyclic voltammetric behavior of hydralazine and its primary metabolites, the pyruvate and acetone hydrazones, was examined in the positive potential range at both conventional and electrochemically pretreated glassy carbon electrodes. The enhanced oxidations observed at the treated surface were used as the basis of amperometric electrochemical detection of the compounds following reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The detection limits so obtained at +0.75 V vs. Ag/AgCl (1, 3, and 5 ng injected, respectively) were comparable to those previously reported for absorption and fluorescence detection approaches employing derivatization/preconcentration procedures. For liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, however, direct quantitation of all three species in urine samples was readily accomplished without any chemical derivatization or sample treatment operations other than particulate filtration.
Effect of gibberellic acid on starch degrading enzymes in leaves of Digitaria decumbens

Abstract Tropical ‘Pangola’ digitgrass was treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and subjected to 30° or 10° nights. The starch degrading enzymes of the leaves were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Densitometer tracings of gels negatively stained by starch-iodine showed the presence of seven bands regardless of treatment of plants. GA treatment increased starch degrading enzyme activity in plants subjected to 10° to the level of activity found in 30° untreated (control) plants and, additionally, enhanced enzyme activity in plants at 30°. GA treatment of 10° plants decreased sucrose and starch levels when compared to levels found in untreated 10° plants. The action of GA in reversing the effects of 10° nights on ‘Pangola’ leaves was found to be the result of a quantitative increase in activity of existing enzyme forms rather than production of isozymes.
COLLET-SICARD SYNDROME MIMICKING NEURALGIC AMYOTROPHY

A man with shoulder pain, wasting, and weakness had ipsilateral cranial nerve abnormalities. Electrodiagnostic studies supported a diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy, but we later demonstrated a spinal accessory mononeuropathy with ipsilateral hypoglossal weakness (Collet-Sicard syndrome). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an inaccessible occipital condyle mass, and disseminated adenocarcinoma was subsequently diagnosed. Although cranial mononeuropathies can occur in neuralgic amyotrophy, this case illustrates the importance of identifying a focal lesion, and highlights the localizing value of electrodiagnosis.
Intraosseous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a patient with neurofibromatosis

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are uncommon sarcomas that almost always arise in soft tissue. They can develop in pre-existing neurofibromas or schwannomas, de novo from peripheral nerves, or following radiation therapy. Primary intraosseous MPNST is rare and has been reported most frequently in the mandible. Of the reported cases involving the long bones, none has been associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). We report a case of MPNST arising in the femur in a patient with NF-1.
CMOS analog implementation of cellular neural network to solve partial differential equations with a microelectromechanical thermal interface

A cellular neural network for solving a class of partial differential equations is presented. Each neural cell consists of a novel floating variable linear resistor, an amplifier, and a passive capacitor. The output of each cell is integrated with a microelectromechanical (MEMS) heater device that will be used for a thermal interface. The CMOS VLSI implementation of a nine cell network was designed and simulated. The results of this network are compared to the numerical solution of the partial differential equations.
Linguistic Capital and the Currency of Spanish in Hispanic Advertising Production

This study examines how advertising intended for U.S. Latinos is indelibly shaped by the interaction between Hispanic agencies and their English monolingual clients. Although previous research on Hispanic advertising has typically focused on the psychological state of the speaker, less attention has been paid to the social consequences of speech. Using Bourdieu’s theory of practice as an analytical framework, qualitative interviews were conducted with 34 advertising practitioners. The testimonies reveal that in limited contexts within the production of Hispanic advertising, practitioners’ knowledge of Spanish serves as a form of linguistic capital, which they have been able to successfully convert into economic capital. However, the value associated with speaking Spanish is relatively constrained due to language ideologies at play in the larger social space. In this class-stratified, multilingual professional community, more powerful English monolinguals maintain strict control over Spanish language messa...
URINARY INTERLEUKIN-8/CREATININE LEVEL AS A PREDICTOR OF RESPONSE TO INTRAVESICAL BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN THERAPY IN BLADDER TUMOR PATIENTS

AbstractPurpose: Our purpose was to determine whether urinary interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels could be used to predict a tumor-free response to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy in bladder cancer patients.Materials and Methods: A total of 46 patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent an initial 6-week course of intravesical BCG therapy after transurethral resection. Voided urine samples were collected immediately before BCG instillations 1 and 6. Urine samples were centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 8 minutes, and the supernatant was stored at −20C. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to measure urinary IL-8 levels. The Jaffe method was used to measure urinary creatinine. Results were expressed as the IL-8/creatinine ratio. Patients were followed with cystoscopy and urinary cytology every 3 months to detect bladder tumor recurrence.Results: IL-8/creatinine ratios were measured in 31 patients before BCG therapy and were undetectable in 15. After 5 weeks of intravesical B...
A Survey of Non-Raster Scan Methods with Application to Atomic Force Microscopy

Images in atomic force microscopy (AFM) are built pixel-by-pixel through a raster scan process and can take on the order of minutes to obtain. The problem of imaging a sample can be characterized as using a short-range or point-like sensor to obtain information about a system over a region and is common across a broad range of fields in science and engineering. In many cases, as in most AFM images, the region to be scanned consists primarily of empty or uninteresting space. In this situation raster-scanning, while easy to implement, is extremely inefficient. It can be viewed as an open-loop scheme because no use is made of data being acquired by the sensor. In this paper, we survey results from the literature describing alternative scanning and sampling approaches. These algorithms often use prior information about the system being measured as well as real-time feedback from previously measured points to keep the sensor in the regions of interest.
Simulation and analysis of noise in switched capacitor amplifier circuits

Noise is an important factor in switched capacitor amplifiers. There is not a good understanding of device noise in switched capacitor circuits, the basic technique is to use large transistors and capacitance values such that kT/C noise dominates. Besides kT/C noise, however, both device or transistor thermal noise and 1/f noise are contributing factors. Techniques to simulate noise in switched capacitor circuits have only recently become available. These techniques have been applied here to a switched capacitor amplifier as is commonly employed in many analog CMOS circuits. A good comparison is obtained between simulations and analytical techniques. It is apparent that device thermal and l/f noise is an important consideration in switched capacitor circuits
Population Decline of Ground-Nesting Black-Bellied Whistling Ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) on Islands in Southern Texas

Abstract We report nesting success for a population of ground-nesting black-bellied whistling ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis) for the summers of 2003 and 2004 at a hypersaline lake in southern Texas, and a population decline of 71% between 2002 and 2003. We attribute the population decline to a change in ecology of the lake, specifically, an increase in salinity from cessation of inflow of fresh water in 2000. The increased salinity led to high mortality in ducklings and brood failure due to sodium toxicity. We compared nest success, nest habitat, and nest predation to other reported populations of black-bellied whistling ducks in the northern area of their range.
Will We Ever Be Ready for Blood Level–Guided Therapy?

We live in an amazing era of oncology practice. The molecular mechanisms driving many cancers are being deciphered, and with this information come new targeted treatment approaches. Indeed, we now have kinase inhibitors and growth factor antagonists to treat cancers for which many had given up hope of progress (such as renal cell carcinoma). Improvements in imaging technology and radiologic technique allow greater functional insights into the metabolism, blood flow, and cellular homogeneity of tumors. The use of genomic technology is now providing tools for the prediction of disease recurrence, drug sensitivity, or invasive potential. Yet, in the midst of all the excitement, we still find ourselves not able to apply some simple principles in daily practice. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is considered relatively
Multivariate calibration for machine health monitoring: kernel partial least squares combined with variable selection

This work proposes and demonstrates the use of data mining techniques for machine health monitoring through a multivariate calibration model. It utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA)-based variable selection combined with a preprocessing technique of orthogonal signal correction (OSC) for constructing reliable calibration models of shaft misalignment conditions. Improper aligning of shafts often leads to severe problems in many rotating machines. Thus the prediction of shaft alignment conditions is quite essential in making decisions on when to perform alignment maintenance. The main goal of this calibration model is to predict misalignment conditions from historical data. A case study using real misalignment data showed that the prediction results of the proposed calibration models improved significantly compared to existing calibration models. As an extension of linear calibration models, a nonlinear kernel calibration model was also presented. It turned out that linear and nonlinear calibration models of shaft misalignment conditions produced better prediction performance through the use of GA-based variable selection combined with OSC.
Electron Spin Resonance Analysis of Semiquinone Free Radicals of Aquatic and Soil Fulvic and Humic Acids

Abstract We analyzed the solid state and aqueous solution electron spin resonance (esr) spectra of Oyster River and Podzol soil fulvic and humic acids. Because the aqueous solution esr spectra mimic the behavior of the model compound para-benzosemiquinone, we conclude that semiquinone free radicals predominate in fulvic acid. In addition a decrease in spin concentration at a potential of 0.20 volts (vs. SCE) demonstrates that the semiquinone radicals are at least partially responsible for the reducing capability of humic materials. From the above results we devised a quantitative semiquinone analysis for humic materials.
Simulataneous heat and mass transfer with and without reactant exhaustion in catalyst particles for reaction with volume change

Asymptotic analytic expressions for the concentration and temperature profiles as well as effectiveness factor inside porous, thin-disk shaped catalyst particles have been developed for zeroth-order exothermic reaction with reactant-to-product volume change. The individual and combinative effects of volume-change, Thiele and thermal Thiele moduli, and of the dimensionless activation energy are discussed. As expected, the expressions revert to those for the corresponding isothermal and constant-volume cases. Errors arising from the approximation were calculated and found to be quite acceptable.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Is Expressed in Prostate Cancer Metastases and Its Effects on Prostate Tumor Cells Depend on Cell Phenotype and the Tumor Microenvironment

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is important in prostate development and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, because of the multiple effects of different BMPs, no final conclusions have been made as to the role of BMPs in PCa. In our studies, we have focused on BMP-7 because it is involved in prostate morphogenesis, and its expression is regulated by androgens. The objective of our study was to determine BMP-7 expression in PCa metastases and investigate the effects of BMP-7 on PCa cells. Our results show that BMP-7 is expressed in metastatic PCa and its levels are increased in castration-resistant PCa versus androgen-dependent PCa, whereas the expression of BMP-7 is decreased in primary PCa versus normal prostate. Our in vitro results show that BMP-7 inhibits proliferation of androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, stimulates androgen receptor signaling, increases the expression of differentiation-associated genes, and decreases the levels of some wingless-regulated transcripts. Interestingly, these effects were not detected in C4-2 castration-resistant PCa cells. In vivo expression of BMP-7 in castration-resistant C4-2 cells did not alter proliferation when these cells were grown subcutaneously, but their growth was inhibited in the bone environment. In summary, our results show that BMP-7 is expressed at the highest level in advanced castration-resistant PCa cells and that the inhibitory effects of BMP-7 are dependent on the differentiation status of PCa cells and the tumor microenvironment. Further studies are needed to identify changes in BMP-7 signaling that lead to the loss of its control of proliferation during PCa progression.
Benthic macroinvertebrate distributions in the riffle-pool communities of two east Texas streams

The benthic macroinvertebrate riffle-pool communities of two east Texas streams were sampled monthly for a period of one year. In contrast to previous studies in primarily upland areas, pools in Alazan Creek and Bernaldo Bayou contained significantly higher densities and biomass, as well as a significantly higher diversity and number of taxa. The majority of taxa collected could be characterized as pool adapted organisms, with the Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, and Odonata having greater numbers in pools. Perlesta, Baetis, and Cheumatopsyche were the only genera to have significant numbers in riffles at both sampling sites. A greater number of taxa were restricted to pools at both sampling locations, and although an unstable, sandy substrate was a factor in limiting colonization of riffles, riffles were not as productive as pools even in the presence of suitable substrate conditions. A cluster analysis based on similarity indices indicated that like habitats between streams were more similar to each other, than were adjacent riffle-pool complexes within streams.
Circuit Timing Signature (CTS) for Detection of Counterfeit Integrated Circuits

Counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) have been on the rise over the past decade and represent a major concern. Counterfeits impact the security and reliability of electronic systems particularly those deployed in critical applications. While there are several different types of counterfeit ICs in the supply chain (cloned, recycled, remarked, overproduced, etc.), reports indicate that recycled ICs constitute the majority of all counterfeit ICs in the market today. Such ICs are recovered from the scrapped boards of used devices. Since these ICs are identical to their unused counterparts in appearance, functionality, and packaging, detecting them can be challenging. It has been observed that path delays in recycled ICs will be larger than those in unused ICs due to the effects of silicon aging, such as negative/positive bias temperature instability (NBTI/PBTI) and hot carrier injection (HCI). In this chapter, a circuit timing signature (CTS) technique is presented to distinguish recycled ICs from unused ones. Specifically, a clock sweeping technique is employed both to measure the amount of path delay and to generate a timing signature for chips under testing. Due to the degradation in the field, the path delay distribution of recycled ICs becomes different from that of new/unused ICs, resulting in a different CTS. An authentication flow for accurately identifying recycled ICs is presented. Results show that statistical analysis can effectively separate the impact of process variations from aging effects on path delay. In addition, the CTS is extended to the detection of cloned ICs, overproduced ICs, and remarked ICs. A unique binary ID is generated based on the CTS of each IC. By checking the intrinsic IDs, cloned, overproduced, and remarked ICs can be effectively identified.
Poynter's electronic university teaches journalism across the world

Since its launch five years ago, the Poynter Institute's News University (www.newsu.org) has changed the way many journalists approach their jobs and how they train for them. With more than 148 000 registered users in more than 200 countries around the globe, News University is the premier online educational resource for journalists, educators, students and others who are interested in journalism skills.
Russell Now and Then

The lights were lowered, eminences grises perched on folding chairs, the compromise speaker, his face lit by the reflection of the lectern lamp, ghastly pale, as anticipation melded into the patient, attentive, somewhat somnambulant hum of ventilation. Russell noticed the figures had lost weight, seemed scruffy, a bit worn.
A stable O2-resistant cell line : role of lipid peroxidation byproducts in O2-mediated injury

HA-1 hamster fibroblasts receiving fresh media every 24 h were continuously passaged in progressively increasing O2 concentrations for 18 mo (designated O2R95). These cells were significantly more resistant than parental HA-1 to clonogenic inactivation mediated by 95% O2 without media replacement. The O2R95 cell line exhibited increases in the activities of catalase (CAT), Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). O2R95 cells demonstrated uniformly distributed increased staining for CAT, MnSOD, Cu,Zn SOD, and GPx proteins, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Cellular resistance to and metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a toxic byproduct of lipid peroxidation implicated in mechanisms of O2 toxicity, was examined in HA-1 and O2R95 cell lines. O2R95 cells were significantly more resistant to 4HNE cytotoxicity, which was accompanied by a significant increase in 4HNE metabolism. O2R95 cells also demonstrated an increase in total glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, an enzymatic system believed to be involved with 4HNE metabolism. Furthermore, homogenates from O2R95 cells consumed greater quantities of 4HNE in the presence of NADPH (but not NADH, NAD+, or NADP+), suggesting that an enzyme(s) utilizing NADPH contributes to 4HNE metabolism, resistance to 95% O2 and 4HNE as well as increased total GSH, antioxidant enzyme activities, and NADPH-dependent metabolism of 4HNE, persisted in O2R95 cells for 75 days of growth in 21% O2. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that aldehydic byproducts of lipid peroxidation contribute to mechanisms of O2 toxicity and the selective pressure exerted by exposure of cells to hyperoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).
Pharmacology of the Ductus Arteriosus

Dramatic advances in the understanding of the factors that control normal patency of the ductus arteriosus during fetal life and that allow its closure after birth have resulted in major new therapeutic approaches to the management of infants with congenital heart disease. Infusion of PGE 1 and PGE 2 have been used in several congenital malformations to maintain a dilated ductus arteriosus, and indomethacin has been used to constrict a persistently patent ductus arteriosus.
Vaginal Temperature Biofeedback Training for Premenstrual Syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) includes physical symptoms of bloating, and aching pain, and psychological symptoms of depression, lethargy and irritability. The key to the diagnosis of PMS seems to be establishing the timing of the symptoms in relation to the menstrual cycle, but this has not been uniformly defined. Several tests have been designed to assess PMS symptoms, but there is still controversy over how to define and assess the symptoms.
Atmospheric Data Visualization in Mixed Reality

AbstractMixed reality taps into intuitive human perception by merging computer-generated views of digital objects (or flow fields) with natural views. Digital objects can be positioned in 3D space and can mimic real objects in the sense that walking around the object produces smoothly changing views toward the other side. Only recently have advances in gaming graphics advanced to the point that views of moving 3D digital objects can be calculated in real time and displayed together with digital video streams. Auxiliary information can be positioned and timed to give the viewer a deeper understanding of a scene; for example, a pilot landing an aircraft might “see” zones of shear or decaying vortices from previous heavy aircraft. A rotating digital globe might be displayed on a table top to demonstrate the evolution of El Nino. In this article, the authors explore a novel mixed reality data visualization application for atmospheric science data, present the methodology using game development platforms, and ...
MULTIVESSEL VERSUS CULPRIT-ONLY PCI IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND MULTIVESSEL DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE PROMETHEUS STUDY

Background: Multivessel (MV) disease is present in a significant number of patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The optimal revascularization strategy in these patients is uncertain. Methods: PROMETHEUS was a multicenter observational study of patients undergoing
Liver-directed gene therapy for murine glycogen storage disease type Ib.

Glycogen storage disease type-Ib (GSD-Ib), deficient in the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT), is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, myeloid dysfunction, and long-term risk of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). We examined the efficacy of G6PT gene therapy in G6pt-/- mice using recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors, directed by either the G6PC or the G6PT promoter/enhancer. Both vectors corrected hepatic G6PT deficiency in murine GSD-Ib but the G6PC promoter/enhancer was more efficacious. Over a 78-week study, using dose titration of the rAAV vectors, we showed that G6pt-/- mice expressing 3-62% of normal hepatic G6PT activity exhibited a normalized liver phenotype. Two of the 12 mice expressing < 6% of normal hepatic G6PT activity developed HCA. All treated mice were leaner and more sensitive to insulin than wild-type mice. Mice expressing 3-22% of normal hepatic G6PT activity exhibited higher insulin sensitivity than mice expressing 44-62%. The levels of insulin sensitivity correlated with the magnitudes of hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein signaling activation. In summary, we established the threshold of hepatic G6PT activity required to prevent tumor formation and showed that mice expressing 3-62% of normal hepatic G6PT activity maintained glucose homeostasis and were protected against age-related obesity and insulin resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of Solibacillus kalamii, Isolated from an Air Filter Aboard the International Space Station.

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome of Solibacillus kalamii ISSFR-015, isolated from a high-energy particulate arrestance filter aboard the International Space Station. The draft genome sequence of this strain contains 3,809,180 bp with an estimated G+C content of 38.61%.
Gender Matters in Intimate Partner Violence

This chapter addresses the gender symmetry debate concerning intimate partner violence (IPV). I argue that: (1) gender matters at the individual psyche, micro-everyday, institutional, structural, and cultural levels of peoples’ lives; (2) gender symmetry arguments have been captured by individualistic and binary models of gender that conflate sex and gender, ignore theoretical analyses of both gender and violence and neglect the importance of intersectionality; and (3) symmetry arguments fail to incorporate sustained analyses of forms of IPV that are uniquely gendered. I include in this category rape and sexual coercion, reproductive control, and violence during pregnancy, as well as behaviors that are highly correlated with lethal outcomes, such as strangulation. I illustrate my argument about the importance of intersectionality with a brief case profile of a battered man. I also review narratives from women and men who have been subjected to coercive control and IPV and US national level data reflecting the ongoing significance of gender in people’s lives. I conclude with recommendations for research and policy that take seriously the gendered nature of intimate partner violence.
Molecular Halogens Above the Arctic Snowpack: Emissions, Diurnal Variations, and Recycling Mechanisms

Elevated levels of reactive bromine and chlorine species in the springtime Arctic boundary layer contribute to ozone depletion and mercury oxidation, as well as reactions with volatile organic compounds. Recent laboratory and field studies have revealed that snowpack photochemistry leads to Br2 and Cl2 production, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In this work, we use a photochemical box model, with a simplified snow module, to examine the halogen chemistry occurring during the March 2012 BRomine, Ozone, and Mercury EXperiment (BROMEX) near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska. Elevated daytime Br2 levels (e.g., 6-30 ppt at around local noon) reported in previous studies and in this work may be explained by Br + BrNO2/BrONO2 reactions under conditions of depleted O3 (< ~10 ppb) and background NO2 (10-100 ppt). Even at low background NOx levels at Utqiaġvik, ClONO2 is predicted to be important in the production of Cl2 via heterogeneous reaction with Cl-. In the late afternoon, photolysis alone cannot explain the rapid decrease of Cl2 observed in the Arctic boundary layer. Heterogeneous reactions of Cl2 on aerosol particles and surface snowpack are suggested to play a key role in atmospheric Cl2 removal and possible BrCl production. Given the importance of the snowpack in the multiphase chemistry of the Arctic boundary layer, future measurements should focus on vertically-resolved measurements of NOx and reactive halogens, as well as simultaneous particulate and snow halide measurements, to further evaluate and isolate the halogen production and vertical propagation mechanisms through one-dimensional modeling.
Answering Research Questions with National Clinical Research Networks

In recent years, the healthcare community has recognized that our current clinical research system, for all of the great advances it produces, is in need of improvement. Research—especially large clinical trials—is currently not only expensive, but also slow in both the setup and conduct of a study. Expanding the nation’s capacity to conduct clinical studies quickly and economically requires new infrastructure that takes advantage of data gathered in clinics, hospitals, and other sites where patients receive care—as well as patient registries. PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, works with patients, clinicians, health systems leaders, informaticians, and clinical researchers to connect 29 individual networks of patients and healthcare systems into a large interoperable, secure national network that turns millions of patient encounters into valuable data points. This chapter includes a case study of the Patient-centered SCAlable National Network for Effectiveness Research (pSCANNER), a stakeholder-governed, distributed clinical data research network that is part of PCORnet. pSCANNER leverages data from its clinical sites—over 30 million patients in all 50 states—for comparative effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes research to improve care of conditions such as obesity, heart failure, and Kawasaki disease. Implications for nursing research and practice are also offered.
Response to Time-Out Among Preschoolers with Externalizing Behavior Problems: The Role of Callous-Unemotional Traits.

This study examined the role of callous-unemotional (CU) traits in preschoolers with externalizing behavior problems (EBP) and their response to time-out (TO). One hundred ninety preschoolers (76% boys, Mage = 4.92) with at-risk/clinically elevated levels of EBP participated in an 8-week summer treatment program (STP-PreK). Total number of minutes spent daily in TO for intentional aggression (IA) and repeated non-compliance (RNC) were recorded during the initial (T1) and final (T2) phases of the STP-PreK. After accounting for severity of EBP and levels of TO at T1, higher levels of CU traits predicted greater total levels of TO at T2. An interaction also emerged between symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and CU traits in predicting IA. Specifically, greater ODD symptoms predicted fewer number of IA related TO at T2, but only for children with low CU traits. Implications for treatment are discussed.