cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Density-associated loss of functional receptors for somatomedin-C/insulinlike growth factor I (SM-C/IGF-I) on cultured human fibroblast monolayers

The mitogenic activity of somatomedin-C/insulinlike growth factor-I (SM-C/IGF-I) appears to be greatly influenced by cell culture conditions, especially the presence of other growth factors and nutrients in the culture medium. To investigate the effect of cell density on SM-C/IGF-I activity, we have evaluated SM-C/IGF-I binding and stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell replication as a function of cell density in cultured human fibroblast monolayers. At fibroblast concentrations of 2.7 X 10(5) and 1.48 X 10(6) cells per 60-mm dish, specific binding of [125I]SM-C/IGF-I per 10(6) cells was 170% higher in sparse than dense monolayers (9.3% vs. 3.4%). Increased binding in sparse monolayers was attributable to approximately twice as many receptors in sparse as in dense cells (31,000 vs. 16,000 sites per cell), as well as to a modest increase in the affinity constant. Similarly, half-maximal stimulation of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation was achieved at SM-C/IGF-I concentrations of 2.5 ng/ml in sparse cells but required 20 ng/ml in dense cells. Although this required only 45% occupancy of membrane receptors on sparse cells, and almost 80% occupancy on dense cells, the total number of occupied receptors was similar in both sparse and dense cells (approximately 13,000 receptors/cell for half-maximal stimulation). The presence of increased numbers of "functional receptors" on sparse fibroblasts thus results in enhanced sensitivity to SM-C/IFG-I stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell replication. Progressive decreases in the number of functional receptors, secondary to cell crowding, may contribute to density-dependent inhibition of fibroblast growth.
A systematic analysis of defects in ion-implanted silicon

A classification scheme for the different forms of implant-related damage which arise upon annealing consisting of five categories is presented. Category I damage is “subthreshold” damage or that which results prior to the formation of an amorphous layer. If the dose is increased sufficiently to result in the formation of an amorphous layer then the defects which form beyond the amorphous/crystalline (a/c) interface are classified as category II (“end of range”) damage. Category III defects are associated with the solid phase epitaxial growth of the amorphous layer. The most common forms of this damage are microtwins, hairpin dislocations and segregation related defects. It is possible to produce a buried amorphous layer upon implantation, If this occurs, then the defects which form when the two a/c interfaces meet are termed category IV (“clamshell”, “zipper”) defects. Finally, category V defects arise from exceeding the solid solubility of the implanted species in the substrate at the annealing temperature. These defects are most often precipitates or dislocation loops.
The probability amplitude for entangled polarizations: an interferometric approach

The ubiquitous equation for the probability amplitude of entangled polarizations, for quanta propagating in opposite directions, is derived from a straightforward interferometric approach.
Caciques as Placeholders in the Guaraní Missions of Eighteenth Century Paraguay

This essay uses census data from the eighteenth century to examine the leadership role of caciques in the Guarani missions. Cacique succession between 1735 and 1759 confirms that the position of cacique transitioned from the Guaranies’ flexible interpretation of hereditary succession to the Jesuits’ rigid idea of primogenitor (father to eldest son) succession. This essay argues that scholars overstate the caciques’ leadership role in the Guarani missions. Adherence to primogenitor succession did not take into account a candidate's leadership qualities, and thus, some caciques functioned as placeholders for organizing the mission population and calculating tribute and not as active leaders. An assortment of other Guarani leadership positions compensated for this weakness by providing both access to leadership roles for non-caciques who possessed leadership qualities but not the proper bloodline and additional leadership opportunities for more capable caciques. By taking into account leadership qualities an...
Large-scale high-precision topic modeling on twitter

We are interested in organizing a continuous stream of sparse and noisy texts, known as "tweets", in real time into an ontology of hundreds of topics with measurable and stringently high precision. This inference is performed over a full-scale stream of Twitter data, whose statistical distribution evolves rapidly over time. The implementation in an industrial setting with the potential of affecting and being visible to real users made it necessary to overcome a host of practical challenges. We present a spectrum of topic modeling techniques that contribute to a deployed system. These include non-topical tweet detection, automatic labeled data acquisition, evaluation with human computation, diagnostic and corrective learning and, most importantly, high-precision topic inference. The latter represents a novel two-stage training algorithm for tweet text classification and a close-loop inference mechanism for combining texts with additional sources of information. The resulting system achieves 93% precision at substantial overall coverage.
Rad51 overexpression promotes alternative double-strand break repair pathways and genome instability

Genomic instability is characteristic of tumor cells, and a strong correlation exists between abnormal karyotype and tumorigenicity. Increased expression of the homologous recombination and DNA repair protein Rad51 has been reported in immortalized and tumor cells, which could alter recombination pathways to contribute to the chromosomal rearrangements found in these cells. We used a genetic system to examine the potential for multiple double-strand breaks to lead to genome rearrangements in the presence of increased Rad51 expression. Analysis of repair revealed a novel class of products consistent with crossing over, involving gene conversion associated with an exchange of flanking markers leading to chromosomal translocations. Increased Rad51 also promoted aneuploidy and multiple chromosomal rearrangements. These data provide a link between elevated Rad51 protein levels, genome instability, and tumor progression.
High concurrency data bus using arrays of optical emitters and detectors

A data bus is described that allows simultaneous transfers of multiple bit words among various components within a computer, thereby permitting many parallel operations. The bus is composed of sparsely filled arrays of light emitters that are imaged onto similar arrays of detectors. Direct connections between the units in the computer are made via the light paths through the imaging system. A 2-D addressing scheme on the array reduces the number of electrical connections between the arrays of the data bus and the computer components to which they are connected. The result is a data bus with dedicated optical paths to all units in the computer but without the need for a large number of electrical connections. The operation of the bus and the addressing and driving methods are described, and results of preliminary experiments are given.
Psychological Study of the Amnesic Syndrome: Effects of Interference on Recall

Summary The effect of a visual interference task on the ability to memorize orally presented serial digits was tested in a sample of 22 chronic Korsakoff patients, and in a control group consisting primarily of relatives of hospitalized psychiatric patients. The general performance of the controls was significantly better than that of the patients. There was no significant sex differences in either group. Neither practice nor fatigue seemed to play a part in affecting the Korsakoff patients’ performance; however, the control group scored more errors in the latter half of the experiment, presumably due to lessening of their concentration. In neither group was there a significant increase in errors as recall times were increased over the interval 40 to 120 seconds. Likewise, increased rehearsal time prior to interference did not improve performance in either group. In both the Korsakoff and control groups the interfering task and a detrimental effect on the recall of the digits. The Korsakoff patients, but not the controls, had a significantly poorer performance with early interference. An analysis of the types of errors of digit recall revealed that a significant amount of perseveration occurred in both groups.
Lectins from chicken tissues are mitogenic for Thy-1 negative murine spleen cells

Summary Two chicken lectins with similar sugar specificities are mitogenic for nonadherent, Thy-1 negative mouse spleen cells in serum-free cultures. This effect appears to be due to the sugar-binding properties of these lectins since asialofetuin and lactose, specific inhibitors of lectin activity, inhibit mitogenesis. Among other lectins with similar sugar specificity, purpurin, the lectin from Dictyostelium purpureum , is also mitogenic for these cells whereas peanut lectin is not. The mitogenic lectins work similarly with spleen cells from athymic (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygote (nu/+) littermates.
Growth of beta-silicon carbide whiskers by the VLS process

Beta-silicon carbide whiskers are being grown by a vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) process which produces a very high purity, high strength single crystal fibre about 6μm in diameter and 5–100 mm long. Details of the growth process are given along with a general explanantion of the effects of the major growth parameters on whisker growth morphology.
A Model for Deterring the Determined Thief of Patron Property.

ABSTRACT Ongoing theft from library patrons may be the work of a determined thief, one who will not be deterred by the crimeproofing techniques that often stop less committed criminals. This type of theft can be deterred when the library staff makes their patrons aware that successful deterrence depends on them not abandoning their valuables. Other staff interventions, such as cautionary signage and an increased staff presence in troublesome areas, contribute to success but will be relatively ineffective unless patrons maintain control of personal valuables.
Plasma wave echo experiment

Experimental observation of a new nonlinear plasma phenomenon, the plasma wave echo, is reported.
NEW FOUNDATION OF GENERAL RELATIVITY.

The essential point of this note is to establish the uniqueness of general relativity by postulating the derivability of the equations of motion from the (gravitational) field equations. It is also emphasized that even with regard to agreement with experiment (including cosmology) there exist, in my opinion, no compelling arguments against general relativity.
Internal waves, solitary-like waves, and mixing on the Monterey Bay shelf

Abstract Microstructure measurements taken on the Monterey Bay continental shelf, within 4 km of the shelf break, reveal a complex mixing environment. Depth- and time-averaged dissipation rates ( e ¯ = 7.4 – 55.8 × 10 - 9 W kg - 1 ) and diapycnal diffusivities ( K ρ ¯ = 6.1 – 37.8 × 10 - 5 m 2 s - 1 ) were elevated above observations made over other continental shelves with no significant topography, but were below those influenced by topographic features. The close proximity of the shelf break/canyon rim, locally generated internal tides, and nonlinear internal waves all contributed to the elevated turbulence. The complex bathymetry associated with Monterey Submarine Canyon allowed an internal tide to be generated at depths greater than 1500 m, as well as at the shelf break. The observed velocity field was normally dominated by upward energy propagation from the local shelf break generated internal tide, but near low tide downward energy propagation from a surface reflection of the internal tide generated below 1500 m was observed. Turbulent dissipation rates were not well parameterized by either the open-ocean Gregg–Henyey model or the recently developed MacKinnon–Gregg shelf model. Like its application on the New England shelf, the MacKinnon–Gregg model had the correct functional dependence on shear and stratification (dissipation increasing with increasing shear and increasing stratification), however, the magnitude and range of values were too small. The most surprising finding was the presence of what we believe to be large, high-aspect-ratio, downslope-propagating nonlinear internal solitary-like waves of elevation. Upon reaching the canyon rim, these waves propagated into deep water and transformed into waves of depression. On the shelf south of the canyon, the waves of elevation accounted for 20% of the observed turbulent kinetic energy dissipation. Off the shelf, where the solitary-like waves changed to downward displacement, their average dissipation increased 10-fold to e ¯ = 2.6 × 10 - 6 W kg - 1 , and accounted for nearly half the dissipation in the upper 150 m.
Perspectives on Ecosystem Based Management for Delivering Ecosystem Services with an Example from an Eighteen-Species Marine Model

Perspectives on Ecosystem Based Management for Delivering Ecosystem Services with an Example from an Eighteen-Species Marine Model
Forced spousal intercourse after seizures

Abstract Hypersexuality, a feature of Kluver–Bucy syndrome, is a rare but dramatic postictal symptom of temporal lobe epilepsy. We describe a 39-year-old patient with uncontrolled partial epilepsy who developed postictal periods of hypersexual aggression toward his wife after nocturnal convulsions. Following these seizures, he would have forced intercourse with his wife, followed by tremendous guilt and remorse when informed of his actions in the morning. Nocturnal convulsions and postictal hypersexuality resolved with a combination of lamotrigine and levetiracetam, more sleep, and stress management. The temporal features of the hypersexual behavior with respect to convulsions and the resolution of the behavior with seizure control support that aggressive hypersexuality can occur as a transient postictal behavioral change. The more intense nature of his symptoms compared with previously reported cases may reflect the occurrence of symptoms after tonic–clonic rather than partial seizures.
Mozart versus New Age Music: Relaxation States, Stress, and ABC Relaxation Theory

Smith's (2001) Attentional Behavioral Cognitive (ABC) relaxation theory proposes that all approaches to relaxation (including music) have the potential for evoking one or more of 15 factor-analytically derived relaxation states, or "R-States" (Sleepiness, Disengagement, Rested / Refreshed, Energized, Physical Relaxation, At Ease/Peace, Joy, Mental Quiet, Childlike Innocence, Thankfulness and Love, Mystery, Awe and Wonder, Prayerfulness, Timeless/Boundless/Infinite, and Aware). The present study investigated R-States and stress symptom-patterns associated with listening to Mozart versus New Age music. Students (N = 63) were divided into three relaxation groups based on previously determined preferences. Fourteen listened to a 28-minute tape recording of Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik and 14 listened to a 28-minute tape of Steven Halpern's New Age Serenity Suite. Others (n = 35) did not want music and instead chose a set of popular recreational magazines. Participants engaged in their relaxation activity at home for three consecutive days for 28 minutes a session. Before and after each session, each person completed the Smith Relaxation States Inventory (Smith, 2001), a comprehensive questionnaire tapping 15 R-States as well as the stress states of somatic stress, worry, and negative emotion. Results revealed no differences at Session 1. At Session 2, those who listened to Mozart reported higher levels of At Ease/Peace and lower levels of Negative Emotion. Pronounced differences emerged at Session 3. Mozart listeners uniquely reported substantially higher levels of Mental Quiet, Awe and Wonder, and Mystery. Mozart listeners reported higher levels, and New Age listeners slightly elevated levels, of At Ease/Peace and Rested/Refreshed. Both Mozart and New Age listeners reported higher levels of Thankfulness and Love. In summary, those who listened to Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik reported more psychological relaxation and less stress than either those who listened to New Age music or read popular recreational magazines. Results suggest the usefulness of ABC relaxation theory in comparing the different effects of music and relaxation techniques.
2-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-6-Phenyl-4-Pyrone

2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-4-pyrone product: 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-4-pyrone product: 2-methyl-6-phenyl-4-pyrone product: 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-4-pyrone product: 2,6-diphenyl-4-pyrone product: 2-(p-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-4-pyrone product: 2-phenyl-6-(3-pyridyl)-4-pyrone product: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroflavone product: 4′-methoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroflavone product: cyclopenteno[b]-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-pyrone product: flavone Keywords: acylation; annulation, heterocyclic-[6]
A new species of Myrmedonota Cameron from eastern Kansas (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae).

Myrmedonota heliantha sp. n. is described from eastern Kansas (USA). All specimens were collected from dung. A modified new key to the species of Myrmedonota of America north of Mexico is provided.
An Early Work by Giacomo della Porta: The Oratorio del Santissimo Crocifisso di San Marcello in Rome

“Diremo parimente di Giacomo della Porta, il quale fu di Patria, e di virtu Romano. Da giovane egli attese a far rilievo di stucco; e dappoi si accomodo con Jacopo Barozzo da Vignola pittore e arch...
Fast optical character recognition through glyph hashing for document conversion

This paper proposes a glyph hashing approach to optical character recognition with applications in document conversion. The viability and efficiency of the approach is tested through its implementation in a print driver on 68,987 PDF documents containing 1.15 billion characters. Results indicate that a hash table with (a) 3.2 million hashes is sufficient to represent all characters from these documents, and (b) 480 fonts are sufficient to cover over 90% of these documents. Glyph recognizing experiments indicate that 80% of unique character glyphs and over 96% of all characters from unseen documents can be found in a hash table built using all 68,987 documents. The hashing approach is used to not only recognize the character codes but also, size, style (bold, italic, etc), and font name. We found that the hashing approach can scale to hundreds of fonts and thousands of characters per font. Further, it is extremely fast and can recognize over 100,000 characters per second. Owing to its speed, such a hashing approach can complement any existing OCR system by acting as a pre-filter to produce a 4-5 times speedup during document conversion.
Detection of gratings hidden by diffusers using intensity interferometry

Photon-correlation experiments have verified the theoretical prediction of Baltes et al. [ Opt. Acta28, 11– 28 ( 1981)] that a phase grating hidden within a diffuse medium may be detected by correlation measurements. By extension of this theory to the space–time domain we have additionally verified that a simple and more reliable method of detecting the grating, valid for arbitrarily fine diffusers, is possible by temporal autocorrelation measurements of the scattered field at a single point. This method is shown to yield detailed information about the deterministic and stochastic features of the source and the source plane motion.
Management of a chronic carotid artery pseudoaneurysm

An 82-year-old female with a history of right carotid endarterectomy with patch closure 12 years prior presents with a pulsatile right neck mass with skin erosion and bleeding. The patient had been previously evaluated but refused the surgical intervention because a median sternotomy was recommended to obtain adequate proximal control. Her aneurysm was successfully repaired using a combination of open and endovascular method. The repair was performed through a right-hand side anterior sternocleidomastoid neck incision, and proximal vascular control was obtained with an 8.5-mm balloon positioned under fluoroscopic guidance via a femoral puncture.
Effects of similarity and practice on speeded classification response times and accuracies: further tests of an exemplar-retrieval model.

Observers were tested in a perceptual category-learning experiment in which they were instructed to make classification decisions as rapidly as possible without making errors. Nosofsky and Palmeri’s (1997b) exemplar-based random walk (EBRW) model of speeded classification was tested for its ability to fit the classification response times and accuracies. The authors demonstrated that the EBRW model provided good quantitative fits to the mean response times and accuracies associated with individual objects as a function of their locations in a multidimensional similarity space and as a function of practice in the task. Preliminary evidence was also obtained that stimulus-specific adjustments in the random walk response criteria may have occurred during the course of learning.
Planetary exploration: To boldly go - or what?

The direction of solar system exploration in the U.S. is examined. Planetary exploration missions from 1961-1976 are reviewed. The objectives of the Viking and Voyager missions are described. The effects of launch vehicles and access to space, the cost of exploration, the balance of planetary exploration with other space sciences, and international planet exploration missions on future planetary exploration programs are discussed. Inner and outer solar system exploration, comet exploration, extensive human visitations to Mars, joint U.S.-Soviet programs, and exploration beyond the solar system are proposed as future planetary missions.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced liver cell necrosis is dependent on AP-1 activation

To determine whether intracellular signaling events involved in apoptosis may also mediate necrosis, the role of the transcription factor AP-1 was investigated in a hepatoma cell model of cellular ...
Characterization of serum phospholipase a(2) activity in three diverse species of west african crocodiles.

Secretory phospholipase A2, an enzyme that exhibits substantial immunological activity, was measured in the serum of three species of diverse West African crocodiles. Incubation of different volumes of crocodile serum with bacteria labeled with a fluorescent fatty acid in the sn-2 position of membrane lipids resulted in a volume-dependent liberation of fluorescent probe. Serum from the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) exhibited slightly higher activity than that of the slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops cataphractus) and the African dwarf crocodile (Osteolaemus tetraspis). Product formation was inhibited by BPB, a specific PLA2 inhibitor, confirming that the activity was a direct result of the presence of serum PLA2. Kinetic analysis showed that C. niloticus serum produced product more rapidly than M. cataphractus or O. tetraspis. Serum from all three species exhibited temperature-dependent PLA2 activities but with slightly different thermal profiles. All three crocodilian species showed high levels of activity against eight different species of bacteria.
GM-CSF Production by Glioblastoma Cells Has a Functional Role in Eosinophil Survival, Activation, and Growth Factor Production for Enhanced Tumor Cell Proliferation

Medicinal interventions of limited efficacy are currently available for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. The eosinophil is a pivotal immune cell in the pathobiology of atopic disease that is also found to accumulate in certain tumor tissues. Inverse associations between atopy and GBM risk suggest that the eosinophil may play a functional role in certain tumor immune responses. To assess the potential interactions between eosinophils and GBM, we cultured human primary blood eosinophils with two separate human GBM-derived cell lines (A172, U87-MG) or conditioned media generated in the presence or absence of TNF-α. Results demonstrated differential eosinophil adhesion and increased survival in response to coculture with GBM cell lines. Eosinophil responses to GBM cell line-conditioned media included increased survival, activation, CD11b expression, and S100A9 release. Addition of GM-CSF neutralizing Abs to GBM cell cultures or conditioned media reduced eosinophil adhesion, survival, and activation, linking tumor cell-derived GM-CSF to the functions of eosinophils in the tumor microenvironment. Dexamethasone, which has been reported to inhibit eosinophil recruitment and shrink GBM lesions on contrast-enhanced scans, reduced the production of tumor cell-derived GM-CSF. Furthermore, culture of GBM cells in eosinophil-conditioned media increased tumor cell viability, and generation of eosinophil-conditioned media in the presence of GM-CSF enhanced the effect. These data support the idea of a paracrine loop between GM-CSF-producing tumors and eosinophil-derived growth factors in tumor promotion/progression.
Diagnosis of open defects in FPGA interconnect

In this paper, we present coarse-grain and fine-grain diagnosis techniques to identify a faulty element in FPGA interconnects. The fault model we use is stuck-open and resistive-open for interconnects. The presented technique requires only a small number of configurations while offering high resolution diagnosis. We implemented this technique on real FPGA chips and verified it using fault emulation.
Contributions of control theory to fundamental quantum mechanics and its applications

In this paper we survey some results in Control Theory that have had a significant impact on quantum mechanics and its applications. We shall consider three specific examples: 1) The concept of controllability, in its various forms, has provided a practical test to verify the feasibility of a number of putative experiments in quantum physics. The verification of controllability involves the study of the Lie algebra structure underlying the system. This study itself has proved a valuable tool to design experiments. 2) Results on the uniform generation of compact Lie groups have been applied to show that almost every set of quantum gates is universal for quantum computation. This result can be further refined by showing that the number of gates necessary to implement quantum logic operations is uniformly bounded by a value which only depends on the number of quantum bits processed. 3) Techniques of Optimal Control Theory have been employed to show that the pulses used to drive particles with spin 1/2 in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance are the optimal pulses which minimize the time of state transfer (subject to an energy constraint) and the energy (subject to a time constraint).
Elective surgical treatment of symptomatic chronic mesenteric occlusive disease: early results and late outcomes.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the elective surgical treatment of symptomatic chronic mesenteric occlusive disease (SCMOD) and to identify the factors that influence the results of this procedure. Methods: From 1977 to 1997, 85 patients (mean age, 62 years) underwent elective surgical treatment of SCMOD. The presenting symptoms were abdominal pain in 78 patients (92%) and weight loss in 74 patients (87%). The surgical procedures included retrograde bypass grafting in 34 patients (40%), antegrade bypass grafting in 24 patients (28%), transaortic endarterectomy in 19 patients (22%), local arterial endarterectomy with patch angioplasty in six patients (7%), thrombectomy alone in one patient (1%), and superior mesenteric artery reimplantation in one patient (1%). Thirty-five patients (41%) underwent concomitant aortic replacement. All the involved mesenteric vessels were revascularized in 21 patients (25%), whereas revascularization was incomplete for the remaining 64 patients (75%). Late information was available for all 85 patients at a mean interval of 4.8 years. Results: There were seven early ( P P = .03), hypertension ( P = .03), and additional occlusive disease ( P = .05) as variables associated with mortality. Concomitant aortic replacement ( P = .037), renal disease ( P = .011), advancing age ( P = .035), and complete revascularization ( P = .032) were associated with postoperative morbidity including mortality. Late recurrent mesenteric occlusive disease was seen in 21 patients (16 symptomatic and five asymptomatic). Nine patients (43%) died, and 8 patients (38%) required subsequent surgical or endovascular procedures to treat their recurrent lesions. The 3-year survival rate from recurrent mesenteric occlusive disease was 76% (95% CI, 66% to 86%). Conclusion: We conclude that the elective surgical treatment of SCMOD may be performed with reasonable early and late mortality rates and that most of the patients remain free from recurrent symptoms of mesenteric ischemia. Advancing age, cardiac disease, hypertension, and additional occlusive disease significantly influenced the overall mortality rates, and concomitant aortic replacement, renal disease, and complete revascularization were significantly associated with postoperative morbidity rates. Surveillance and appropriate correction of recurrent disease appear to be necessary for optimal long-term results. (J Vasc Surg 1999;29:821-32.)
Resection of the right middle lobe and lingula for mycobacterial infection

Background. In a series of 229 patients infected with mycobacterial organisms, we noted a specific female phenotype that involves isolated infections of the middle lobe and lingula. Methods. Thirteen patients were found to have infections of the middle lobe, lingula, or both. All of them were infected with Mycobacterium other then Mycobacterium tuberculosis , all were women, 12 of the 13 were slender, and most had variable combinations of skeletal abnormalities. All underwent resection of the middle lobe, lingula, or both. Results. There were no operative deaths. Only 2 patients have had reactivation requiring additional antibiotic therapy. All patients have had a decreased number of pulmonary infections in the postoperative period. Anatomic findings at operation included a complete major fissure and at least a partially complete minor fissure with middle lobe resections or an elongated lingula. Conclusions. Mycobacterial infection of the middle lobe and lingula is primarily a disease of asthenic women and is often associated with skeletal abnormalities and complete fissures or an elongated lingula. We recommend that surgical intervention be performed early once the condition is identified.
Square root parallel Kalman filtering using reduced-order local filters

The basic parallel Kalman filtering algorithms derived by H.R. Hashemipour et al. (IEEE Trans. Autom. Control. vol.33, p.88-94, 1988) are summarized and generalized to the case of reduced-order local filters. Measurement-update and time-update equations are provided for four implementations: the conventional covariance filter, the conventional information filter, the square-foot covariance filter, and the square-foot information filter. A special feature of the suggested architecture is the ability to accommodate parallel local filters that have a smaller state dimension than the global filter. The estimates and covariance or information matrices (or their square roots) from these reduced-order filters are collated at a central filter at each step to generate the full-size, globally optimal estimates and their associated error covariance or information matrices (or their square roots). Aspects of computational complexity and the ensuing tradeoff with communication are discussed. >
Robust motion estimation and structure recovery from endoscopic image sequences with an Adaptive Scale Kernel Consensus estimator

To correctly estimate the camera motion parameters and reconstruct the structure of the surrounding tissues from endoscopic image sequences, we need not only to deal with outliers (e.g., mismatches), which may involve more than 50% of the data, but also to accurately distinguish inliers (correct matches) from outliers. In this paper, we propose a new robust estimator, Adaptive Scale Kernel Consensus (ASKC), which can tolerate more than 50 percent outliers while automatically estimating the scale of inliers. With ASKC, we develop a reliable feature tracking algorithm. This, in turn, allows us to develop a complete system for estimating endoscopic camera motion and reconstructing anatomical structures from endoscopic image sequences. Preliminary experiments on endoscopic sinus imagery have achieved promising results.
Provenance analysis of lower Paleozoic cratonic quartz arenites of the North American midcontinent region: U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotope geochemistry

Lower Paleozoic supermature quartz arenites in Wisconsin and Michigan were derived from several Proterozoic and Archean terranes. Single-grain, detrital zircon populations from the Galesville and St. Peter Sandstones in Wisconsin yield very similar, closely concordant age distributions (Cambrian Galesville Sandstone: 1.1 Ga [n = 4], 1.4 Ga [n = 2], 1.8 Ga [n = 1], and 2.7 Ga [n = 2]; Ordovician St. Peter Sandstone: 1.1 Ga [n = 2], 1.8 Ga [n = 1], and 2.7 Ga [n = 6]). In contrast, most of the nine detrital zircons that were analyzed from the St. Peter Sandstone in the Michigan basin have high U contents (450‐2500 ppm) and are strongly discordant (60%‐90%). Six zircons from the Michigan basin that have ca. 1.0 Ga 207 Pb*/ 206 Pb* ages define a regression line that has an upper intercept of about 1100 Ma and a lower intercept of 15 Ma; one zircon has a 2.7 Ga 207 Pb*/ 206 Pb* age. The zircon data indicate that although a number of different terranes contributed detrital material to the Paleozoic quartz arenites in Wisconsin, 1.1 and 2.7 Ga terranes were the dominant sources, and not the local basement, which primarily consists of the ♢2.7 Ga Marshfield terrane, the 1.8 Ga Penokean orogen, and the 1.4 Ga Wolf River batholith. A terrane that has a 1.1 Ga age is probably the main source for the St. Peter Sandstone in the Michigan basin. Quartz separates were also analyzed for PbPb and Sm-Nd isotope variations, and the data do not indicate significant source differences between the heavy mineral fraction (zircons) and the quartz framework grains. Pb-Pb isochrons and Sm-Nd isotope data for quartz separates reflect mixing of the age groups and approximate relative proportions that are identified from the single zircon results. All isotope data on quartz separates and UPb zircon data indicate that the detrital constituents (zircons and quartz framework grains) that compose the lower Paleozoic quartz arenites in Wisconsin were primarily derived from the 2.7 Ga granite-greenstone terrane of the southern Superior Province and a 1.1 Ga terrane. The latter terrane is either the silicic volcanic rocks associated with the Midcontinent rift system, or, more likely, the voluminous granitic rocks that are associated with the Grenville Province on the eastern margin of North America. The Middle Proterozoic Grenville Province was the most important ultimate source of quartz and zircons to the St. Peter Sandstone in the Michigan basin; lesser amounts of material were contributed from the Archean Superior Province.
A rapid method for the determination of arsenic concentrations in urine at field locations

A colorimetric method for arsenic in urine utilizing a portable hood and requiring minimal laboratory facilities is described. Urine samples are combusted in a hot plate-oven with MgO and Mg(No3)2. Arsine is generated from the ashed product and passed into silver diethyldithio-carbamate in pyridine. Inorganic and organic arsenicals in urine at 0.03 ppm with 6% variation is detectable.
Analysis of PR-ALOHA protocol for inter vehicle communications

The performance of Reservation ALOHA with Priority (PR-ALOHA) protocol in an inter-vehicle communication (IVC) environment was investigated both in transient and steady state. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to examine the system stabilization time (SST) in transient state and performance parameters such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet drop rate (PDR) in steady state. The analysis assumed a non ideal channel with communication errors with and without considering capture effect. The simulation results show that SST in the transient state depends strongly on capture effect, however, performance parameters at steady state where slightly affected. At high traffic (40 terminals), the network throughput increased by 5%, the packet drop rate decreased by 3% and the packet delivery ratio increased by 4% with capture effect. For heavy traffic, capture effect can improve stability and the performance of PR-ALOHA system.
Approximation issues for soft QoS support in large-scale broadcast-based networks

Scalability is a major requirement in emerging systems. For instance, sensor networks demand extremely scalable solutions that can accommodate very high numbers of nodes. Broadcast-based networks are shown to provide a highly scalable infrastructure if the downlink can be used as a high-bandwidth shared-communication medium. For applications that have different timing requirements, though, it might be necessary to keep track of individual request information. In this paper, we study data broadcast server design for requests associated with specific response deadlines. In particular, we study FCFS, MRF and EDF for deadline-aware scheduling. Our results suggest that under an efficient implementation, deadline-aware MRF can outperform EDF.
Indexing 3-D Human Motion Repositories for Content-Based Retrieval

Content-based retrieval of the similar motions for the human joints has significant impact in the fields of physical medicine, biomedicine, rehabilitation, and motion therapy. In this paper, we propose an efficient indexing approach for 3-D human motion capture data, supporting queries involving both subbody motions as well as whole-body motions.
LOWER-LEVEL VISUAL PROCESSING AND MODELS OF LIGHT ADAPTATION

Before there was a formal discipline of psychology, there were attempts to understand the relationship between visual perception and retinal physiology. Today, there is still uncertainty about the extent to which even very basic behavioral data (called here candidates for lower-level processing) can be predicted based upon retinal processing. Here, a general framework is proposed for developing models of lower-level processing. It is argued that our knowledge of ganglion cell function and retinal mechanisms has advanced to the point where a model of lower-level processing should include a testable model of ganglion cell function. This model of ganglion cell function, combined with minimal assumptions about the role of the visual cortex, forms a model of lower-level processing. Basic behavioral and physiological descriptions of light adaptation are reviewed, and recent attempts to model lower-level processing are discussed.
Differentiating FAI from Dysplasia

Young adult patients presenting with hip pain can pose a challenging diagnostic dilemma for the inexperienced physician. A thorough history and physical examination followed by the appropriate imaging can often lead to the right diagnosis. In this chapter, distinguishing between two of the most common hip pathologies affecting the young adult, namely, hip dysplasia and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), will be discussed. Diagnosing these two types of mechanical hip disorders can be at times challenging since they can coexist in the same patient [1–3] (Fig. 19.1).
Real-Time Insulin Bolusing for Unannounced Meals Using CGM Measurements

Abstract Post-prandial hyperglycemia can occur more frequently in artificial pancreas control systems that do not have meal announcements that trigger insulin boluses. Meal announcements are manual feedforward inputs to the artificial pancreas. We have developed a meal-detection and meal bolusing algorithm based on continuous glucose measurements that does not require any manual information from patients. Bergman's minimal model is modified and used in an Unscented Kalman filter for state estimations. The estimated rate of appearance of glucose is used for meal detection and calculation of meal boluses. The proposed algorithm is tested on the UVa/Padova metabolic simulator. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm decreases the frequency, duration and magnitude of hyperglycemia significantly without causing any additional hypoglycemia. The algorithm is developed as a new module of an integrated multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas control system.
A Contingency Model of Electronic Integration and Accounting Information Systems Effectiveness: Organizational Coordination and Control Effects

A contingency model is advanced that examines sources of requirements for organizational coordination and control (OCC) as they affect the extent of electronic integration in an accounting information system (AIS). Requirements due to organizational formalization, information interdependence among functional areas, and interorganizational dependence are examined. The fit of AIS integration with OCC requirements is a key concept that determines the degree of AIS sophistication and influences beliefs about system effectiveness. The results of the empirical study indicated that the fit between the AIS and OCC requirements resulted in a more sophisticated and successful system. Specifically, AIS sophistication had a significant effect upon system effectiveness as defined by the quality of its information content, timeliness, accuracy, and monitoring effectiveness. The study addresses an important area in AIS research that directly relates to the decision facilitation and control objectives of accounting information.
Lateral Diffusion of NIAL3 and NI2AL3

Phase formation of NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 were studied individually in lateral diffusion coup Yes A and B and simultaneously in sample C. The lateral growth of certain phases was controlled by varying the thickness ratios of Al to Ni at the source and thin film area. Parabolic dependence of the phase width on annealing time was found for NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 in the one-phase and two-phase growth at 425 °C.
The Effect of Massage upon Peripheral Circulation as Measured by Skin Temperature

(1934). The Effect of Massage upon Peripheral Circulation as Measured by Skin Temperature. Research Quarterly. American Physical Education Association: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 34-41.
Substances: ‘Following the material’ through two prehistoric cases:

In this article, we argue for a multi-dimensional research strategy incorporating material, social and phenomenological analysis in the study of figurines and other human effigies. We call this app...
Mössbauer spectroscopy of polymer nanocomposites

Abstract Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are a group of hybrid materials that use polymer as the matrix and nanomaterial as the filler (also called nanofiller). Due to the unique synergistic multifunctions through incorporation of multiple components into one compatible entity, PNCs have found broad applications in electronic, magnetic, optical, and electrochromism. Among the aforementioned applications, magnetic PNCs (mPNCs) have been of special interests for research efforts during the past decades. PNCs have been given magnetic properties by the addition of magnetic materials such as iron-based species. One of the many applications of mPNCs is to serve as highly efficient, highly kinetic, and recyclable nanoadsorbents for waste water remediation. In order to understand the remediation process and the physicochemical mechanisms of the interactions between the waste species and the mPNCs, the fate of the magnetic components, such as iron species is of critical importance. Mossbauer spectroscopy as a unique motion-based, highly sensitive spectroscopic technique that helps to elucidate the fate of iron fillers in the PNCs by differentiating among the various iron species, as each of them has a unique Mossbauer spectroscopic fingerprint. In this chapter, we will cover examples and the significance of PNCs, especially mPNCs, that are applicable to environmental remediations, followed by the brief history and characterizations of Mossbauer spectroscopy, and finally the applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy, especially in elucidating the mechanism of mPNCs during environmental remediation.
Cytotoxic effects of two novel 8-substituted cyclkic nucleotide derivaties in cultured rat hepatoma cells.

The cytotoxic effects of two structurally related cyclic nucleotide analogs have been investigated in a cultured rat hepatoma cell line (H35). Both analogs, 8-H2NcAMP and 8-OH(CH2)2HNcAMP, were lethal to growing H35 cells, exhibiting LC509s of 5-10 and approximately 50-80 µM, respectively. The potency of both analogs was significantly reduced by the concomitant addition of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. However, a number of differences in the effects of these two derivatives were observed. A variant H35 clone has been selected which is resistant to the lethal effects of 8-H2NcAMP. This variant retains its sensitivity to 8-OH(CH2)2HNcAMP, demonstrating quite clearly that the cytotoxic actions of these two analogs are probably exerted at different metabolic loci. Analysis of the effect of either analog on the rapidly turning-over enzyme, tyrosine aminotransferase, showed that after 6 h of exposure, the activity of this enzyme dropped to less than 50% of basal, in contrast to other cyclic nucleotide analogs which induce the enzyme activity severalfold. Neither RNA nor protein synthesis is inhibited by either analog to the degree required to cause a 50% loss in enzyme activity, suggesting that other mechanisms may be operative.
Enhanced Milieu Teaching

This chapter provides a detailed description of Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) beginning with a discussion of the theoretical underpinnings of the intervention. Ten EMT studies investigating the effects of EMT with children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental or language delays are then summarized and discussed. Next, each of the EMT intervention components and strategies are described and clarifying examples are provided. Common issues when implementing EMT and possible solutions are presented as considerations for practitioners and parents. Finally, recommendations for effective EMT implementation are extrapolated from the overview of intervention research studies and future directions for EMT investigations are suggested to address areas in need of additional research.