cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calculation of transition frequencies and rotational line strengths in the γ-bands of nitric oxide.

Abstract A summary of the relations and spectroscopic parameters required for the accurate prediction of transition frequencies and rotational line strengths of the gamma bands of NO is presented. Relations for the rotational line strengths are given that include the effects of finite centrifugal distortion, higher order spin-orbit coupling and lambda-doubling. The effect of these corrections on the calculated line strengths is considered. The magnitude of these corrections is found to increase with rotational number to levels of 5–15% for values of J > 50, the corrections being more prominent in satellite than in main branch transitions.
The hadron calorimeter of the compact muon solenoid (CMS)

The Hadron Calorimeter of CMS is about 1,000 tons of copper and scintillator sandwich in a 4 tesla magnetic field. It will be built in three segments, the barrel surrounding the central portion and the two end caps. The scintillators will use a tower structure made of grooved megatiles with wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers imbedded inside the grooves. The coverage extends to η = 3.0 and is hermetic with very few gaps. The 1995 test beam data was taken inside a 3 tesla magnet showed that it will work in a magnetic field, but will require a tail catcher inside the muon system.
Generating an adaptive multiresolution image analysis with compact cupolets

We present an efficient control scheme for stabilizing unstable periodic orbits of chaotic systems. The resulting orbits are called cupolets and have been proven to be useful in the representation of oscillatory or quasi periodic signals such as appear in music and image compression (Short et al., AES 118th Convention preprint 6446, May 2005; Short et al., AES 119th Convention preprint 6588, October 2005). In this paper we show that these cupolets can be used effectively to produce an adaptive basis for the space of real-valued functions of a discrete variable. From this basis, we construct a multiresolution analysis which allows for the approximation of signals at different resolution levels and apply it to image compression. This adaptive multiresolution analysis provides an interesting continuum between Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis.
Reliability of the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects scale (MEDS)

The potential negative effects of psychoactive medication are well documented. Given the high rate of their use in persons with mental retardation, the need to assess and identify these negative effects is great. The Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects (MEDS) was designed to evaluate commonly identified side effects with a psychometrically sound checklist. The initial psychometric properties of this scale are presented and discussed. An examination of interrater reliability and internal consistency revealed that the MEDS has excellent consistency across raters and good internal consistency. Potential uses for the scale and directions for future research are reviewed as well.
High genetic-risk individuals benefit less from resistance exercise intervention

Genetic factors have an important role in body mass index (BMI) variation, and also likely have a role in the weight loss and body composition response to physical activity/exercise. With the recent identification of BMI-associated genetic variants, it is possible to investigate the interaction of these genetic factors with exercise on body composition outcomes. In a block-randomized clinical trial of resistance exercise among women (n=148), we examined whether the putative effect of exercise on weight and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition measurements differs according to genetic risk for obesity. Approximately one-half of the sample was randomized to an intervention consisting of a supervised, intensive, resistance exercise program, lasting 1 year. Genetic risk for obesity was defined as a genetic risk score (GRS) comprised of 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be associated with BMI variation. We examined the interaction of exercise intervention and the GRS on anthropometric and body composition measurements after 1 year of the exercise intervention. We found statistically significant interactions for body weight (P=0.01), body fat (P=0.01), body fat % (P=0.02) and abdominal fat (P=0.02), whereby the putative effect of exercise is greater among those with a lower level of genetic risk for obesity. No single SNP appears to be a major driver of these interactions. The weight-loss response to resistance exercise, including changes in body composition, differs according to an individual’s genetic risk for obesity.
Mineralocorticoids modulate central angiotensin II receptors in rats.

Abstract The effect of chronic administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) on the regulation of angiotensin II (AII) receptors in the brains of adult rats was compared with their drinking and pressor responsiveness to both peripheral and central administration of AII. Analysis of AII receptor binding in a block of tissue containing the hypothalamus, thalamus and septum (HTS) after treatment for 8 weeks with DOCA-salt (240 μg/kg/day) revealed a significant increase in the number of AII-binding sites compared to salt-loaded controls (B max 9.65 vs 6.80 fmol/mg protein) and no change in binding affinity (K d ) . Significant increases in the drinking responses to peripheral (200 μg/kg) and central (10 ng) administration of AII were observed in these rats. Additional studies indicated that the pressor responses to either centrally (25 ng) or peripherally (20 μg/kg, s.c.) administered AII were augmented in DOCA-treated rats. The effect of mineralocorticoids on AII-binding sites was also investigated in primary neuronal cultures from the brains of one-day-old rats. Pretreatment of these cultures with either DOCA or aldosterone (ALDO) induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the specific binding of [ 125 I]AII. Maximal increases in AII binding of 53 and 62% above control values were observed when cultures were treated with 500 pg of either ALDO or DOCA per milliliter of culture medium. Scatchard analysis of specific binding of [ 125 I]AII in neuronal cultures treated with DOCA revealed a significant increase in B max but no change in K d . Thus, mineralocorticoid hormones induce an increase in the number of AII-receptor binding sites in the HTS of rats which parallels physiological responses to both central and peripheral administration of AII. This relationship may be independent of the concentration of AII in the blood, since an increase in the number of AII binding sites was also observed in neurons cultured from the brains of one-day-old rats which had been treated with mineralocrticoid hormones.
Septicemia in burned patients.

Summary The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether severely burned patients were more susceptible to invasive infection because of an associated impairment of the natural antibacterial defense systems. 1. Leucocyte plasma and plasma bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus (phagetype 80/81) is significantly increased in severely burned patients. 2. The cellular reaction to peripheral injury is depressed for several days in severely burned patients. 3. Several factors determine the balance between bacterial invasion and host resistance and these are continually shifting. With Staphylococcus aureus (phagetype 80/81), tissue and blood stream invasion is more likely when the initial high post-trauma bactericidal effect has returned to normal levels. 4. The primary cause of bacteremia in burned patients is the presence of a high bacteria cell ratio in the wound, especially if the microorganisms are pathogenic. However, continual bacteremia by pathogenic bacteria can cause septicemia in burned and nonburned patients. Septicemia is a common complication of severely burned patients. Our studies of host resistance in eight such patients have shown that the blood bactericidal effect against pathogenic bacteria was better than normal in the early post-burn days while the cellular response to peripheral injury was depressed. Nevertheless, migrating polymorphonuclear cells retained an excellent capacity for phagocytosis. Several factors determine the balance between bacterial invasion and host resistance and these are continually shifting. The primary cause of bacteremia in burned patients probably is the presence of a high bacteria-cell ratio in the wound, especially if the microorganisms are pathogenic. Such continual bacteremia by pathogenic bacteria can cause septicemia in burned (and non-burned) patients.
Yankee Librarian in the Diamond City: Hannah Packard James, the Osterhout Free Library of Wilkes-Barre, and the Public Library Movement in Pennsylvania

Nearly twenty-five years ago, Laurel Grotzinger wrote about the “paucity, perils, and pleasures” of researching women in librarianship. Citing the lack of “herstory” in library history scholarship, as well as the absence of librarianship in works on women’s history, Grotzinger found few studies that used primary source material to interpret female librarians within the context of their times. Since then, there have been numerous articles and book chapters documenting female librarians.... Yet few if any have studied women in Pennsylvania. In fact, there has been no article in either Pennsylvania History or the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography on women librarians in the past forty years.
Topical aminocaproic acid facilitates reepithelialization of persistent epithelial defects

Purpose. After corneal injury, persistent epithelial defects (PED’s) may occur due to the chronic failure of the regenerating epithelium to adhere to the underlying stroma. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) as a topical treatment for PED’s. EACA inhibits the activation of plasmin, which metabolizes fibronectin. Fibronectin, a glycoprotein, anchors corneal epithelium to the basement membrane and the underlying stroma. Methods. In anesthetized rabbits, PED’s were induced with sodium hydroxide (1 N). Seven days later, during the late healing phase, treatment began with administration of EACA (30%) to the right eye and administration of vehicle alone to the left eye three times daily. A control group received neither EACA nor vehicle. Rabbits were treated for 19 days. PED’s were visualized by fluorescein staining. Their size was mapped using digital planimetry. Results. After 11 days of treatment with EACA, treated PED’s were 50% smaller than in corneas tre...
Radiative Decay of Coulomb-Stimulated Plasmons in Spheres

We have studied the excitation of plasmons by energetic electrons, and their subsequent decay, in small spheres. We estimate that plasma decay light from electron bombardment of small, randomly distributed metal spheres suspended in a dielectric medium may be emitted with intensity comparable with that found in experiments on plasma decay light from metallic slabs.
THE DUAL OF THE TORSION MODULE OF DIFFERENTIALS

ABSTRACT In this paper we will establish a duality between the torsion module of differentials, , and the highest non-zero exterior power of the module of Kahler differentials, , of reduced affine hypersurfaces with only isolated singularities in , where is an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In an earlier paper [5] we have shown that: However by[5] the two sides are not isomorphic as -modules. Let denote the polynomial ring in variables over , and let denote the Jacobian ideal of the hypersurface. Both -modules also have an -module structure. We will show that when considered as -module, is dual to the torsion module of differentials, .
Spatially explicit ecological models: a spatial convolution approach

Abstract Spatial structure tends to have a stabilizing influence on predator–prey interactions in which the local model predicts extinction of the system. This result is well supported by laboratory observations of simple systems. Here, we use a spatially explicit version of the Nicholson–Bailey model having Moran–Ricker host reproduction to repeat and extend some of these results. Our model is a discrete spatial convolution model analogous to the integrodifference equations (IDEs) used by other authors. We show a spatial rescue effect which prevents extinction of the system by reducing the size (standard deviation) of the dispersal pdf. We also show that very favorable habitat ( K =∞) and marginal habitat ( K =1.0), when mixed randomly together in an explicit map, are highly stabilizing whereas either kind of habitat alone will cause extinction. The marginal habitat in this situation has host densities below parasite replacement level and thus constitutes a host refuge (although not a complete one) from the parasite. When a host–parasitoid model having spiral wave dynamics in two-dimensional space was extended to one- and three-dimensional space, we observed analogous dynamics, i.e., traveling waves of evasion and pursuit in one dimension and ‘spiral-like’ structures in a three-dimensional spatial volume. We illustrate an approach to analysis of spatial convolution models via the frequency response of the system transfer function. In spatial convolution format, local interaction and dispersal are conveniently isolated from one another, and this allows us to vary these components independently and thus to study their effects on the dynamics of the total system. We show two examples of nonrandom dispersal pdf’s – a bimodal form representing two dispersal types in the population and a ‘ripple’ pdf representing a repulsive process.
SnapShot: Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

Durably elicited by live attenuated virus, less durably by inactivated virusConserved bnAb epitopes:1) Ep1 (res. 380–400) 2) Ep2 (res. 190–200)3) Ep3 (res. 571–579)Despite the extensive variability of measles virus, nAb responses to vaccination are broad becausethe conserved epitopes are immunoprominent.May relate to overlap of the receptor-binding site and the bnAb epitopes.
Reported effects of masculine ideals on gay men.

This exploratory study used consensual qualitative research methodology (Hill et al., 2005) to analyze what gay men associate with masculinity and femininity, how they feel masculine ideals affect their self-image, and how masculine ideals affect their same-sex relationships. Written responses were collected from 547 self-identified gay men in the U.S. via an Internet-based survey. Findings supported previous reports that perceptions of gender roles among gay men appear based on masculine and feminine stereotypes. Additionally, more adverse versus positive effects on self-image and same-sex romantic relationships were reported including difficulty being emotional and affectionate, pressure to be physically attractive, and pressure to appear masculine in order to be accepted by society and to be seen as desirable by other gay men. While research on gay men’s experience with masculinity continues, psychologists should consider the possible influence of traditional masculine ideals when conceptualizing their gay male clients.
Hybrid-polymer nanostructures forming an anti-reflection film using two-beam interference and ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography

This study presents a new process to fabricate the two-dimensional periodic nanostructures with the specific material of inorganic-organic hybrid polymers (ORMOCER). In this study, the photoresist (PR) originated nanostructures can be fabricated with a two-beam interference method by use of 351nm-wavelength Argon ion laser light. The replicated mold is performed by Ni electroless plating that Ni mold can be used by ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) process imprinting into the hybrid-polymer surface. The hybrid-polymer material is coating on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Here, a self-assembled monolayer of fluoroalkyl silane (FAS-SAM) can be effective by means of atmospheric-pressure plasma (AP) chemical vapor modification of Ni mold surface for the duplicated ORMOCER/PET nanostructure film in UV-NIL process.
Kernel estimation for disequilibrium models for floorspace efficiency in retailing

In this paper we have proposed new techniques for simplifying the estimation of disequilibrium models by avoiding constrained maximum likelihood methods (which cannot avoid numerous theoretical and practical difficulties mentioned above) including an unrealistic assumption of the independence of errors in demand and supply system of equations. In the proposed first stage, one estimates the relative magnitude of the residuals from the demand and supply equations nonparametrically, even though they suffer from omitted variables bias, because the coefficient of the omitted variable is known to be the same in both equations. The reason for using nonparametric methods is that they do not depend on parametric functional forms of biased (bent inward) demand and supply equations. The first stage compares the absolute values of residuals from conditional expectations in order to classify the data points as belonging to the demand or the supply curve. We estimate the economically meaningful scale elasticity and distribution parameters at the second stage from classified (separated) data. We extend nonparametric kernel estimation to the r = 4 case to improve the speed of convergence, as predicted by Singh's [1981] theory. In the first stage, r = 4 results give generally improved R2 and ¦t¦ values in our study of the Dutch data—used by many authors concerned with the estimation of floorspace productivity. We find that one can obtain reasonable results by our approximate but simpler two stage methods. Detailed results are reported for four types of Dutch retail establishments. More research is needed to gain further experience and to extend the methodology to other disequilibrium models and other productivity estimation problems.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Manganese (II) in Hexagonal Zinc Oxide and Cadmium Sulfide Single Crystals

The electron paramagnetic resonance of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in hexagonal ZnO and CdS single crystals has been observed. The values of the crystal field parameters were obtained from the spectra and the signs of the parameters were determined from the temperature dependence of the intensities of the peaks. In addition to the expected thirty resonances for ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ in CdS, superhyperfine splittings of each peak were observed which result from an interaction of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ electrons with the nearest neighbor cadmium nuclei.
Histamine release and therapy of severe dermatographism

Abstract A case of unusually severe dermatographism is reported in which baseline plasma histamine levels were repeatedly elevated and histamine release into the circulation was demonstrable upon challenge by scratching the skin. Passive transfer was positive when the patient was challenged after a 48-hr interval, and the responsible factor was heat labile consistent with an IgE-dependent mechanism. Five additional patients with severe dermatographism had elevated baseline plasma histamine levels, but an augmented response upon stroking the skin was not evident. The response of this latter group to antihistamine therapy was excellent; however, the unusual patient described here was only partially responsive. These data suggest that histamine is an important mediator of dermatographisn but may not be the sole mediator, particularly when the presentation is of unusual severity. In contrast to patients with cold urticaria and cholinergic urticaria, demonstration of histamine release upon stroking dermatographic patients may be difficult, perhaps because of less total mediator release than that in patients with other physically induced urticarias.
Compiler level simulation of edge sensitive flip-flops

Recently there has been increased activity in the area of compiler level language simulation of digital systems. The compiler level language has a distinct advantage in that it places a valuable tool in the hands of the design engineer who usually has at least a prima facie knowledge of such a language.
Low-pressure ultraviolet photon detector with TMAE gas photocathode

Abstract Results of the study of the properties of a low pressure multistep avalanche counnter with TMAE (tetrakis(dimethylamine)ethylene) as the photosensitive gas are presented. The optimization of parameters is discussed. Absolute gas amplification, drift velocity and diffusion of drifting photoelectrons in a low pressure gas and the efficiency of single photoelectron detection are measured. The practical multihit capability and spatial resolution are explored in view of possible application in a Cherenkov ring imaging with multipad wedge-and-strip cathode readout with flash ADCs. The present limit in spatial resolution is due to diffusion of drifting electrons in a low-pressure gas. For applications where photons are detected in a high-rate background of charged particles, the low-pressure operation has many advantages over the atmospheric pressure detectors.
Demonstration of an actuarial method for estimating preinjury hand strength

Assessments of the magnitude of performance loss caused by injury or disease necessarily involve a comparison of a person's performance before and after the onset of impairment. Well-established procedures are available for measuring current performance on a variety of evaluation instruments. However, few actuarial methods have been developed for estimating the person's performance prior to injury. This study demonstrated how regression equations can be used to estimate preinjury hand strength. Although the equations generated in this investigation are specific to hand strength, the methodology can be extended to estimate the preinjury performances of persons with a variety of physical and intellectual impairments.
933-96 LV Mass Determination by 3D Echocardiography: Initial Clinical Experience and Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Abnormal Ventricular Geometry

Measurement of LV mass and its regression is important in dilated and congenitally deformed ventricles as well as in those with normal shape and concentric hypertrophy. Conventional echo methods for mass estimation use geometric and image plane positioning assumptions that may be invalid in patients with abnormally shaped ventricles. 3D echo eliminates these assumptions and has been previously validated for LV mass determination in normally shaped ventricles (r = 0.93, SEE = 9–11 g). In the same study Penn convention and 2D echo methods had standard errors greater than two times larger than 3D echo. Purpose To compare LV mass determination by 3D echo and MRI in patients with abnormal ventricular shape. Methods 30 patients underwent 3D echo and short-axis gradient reversal MRI within 6 hours. 3D echo data sets of 8-10 short axis, non-parallel, non-intersecting short axis crosssections were obtained using an acoustic spatial locater and a line of intersection display for guidance. End-diastolic image data sets were obtained, boundaries were traced manually and mass computed. Etiologies of abnormal ventricular shape included ischemic, idiopathic, congenital, valvular and alcoholic cardiac disease. Results were compared by linear regression and limits of agreement analysis. Results Linear Regression: Range: 86.3-400.3 g; Mean = 205.7 ± 82.8 r = 0.82; SEE = 34.9 g; P l 0.001 3D ECHO = 0.59 MRI + 72.8 g Limits of Agreement: Bias (mean of differences) = -11.4 g Limits (2 SD of differences) = 96.4 g Conclusions Left ventricular mass determination by 3D echo is clinically feasible. Initial clinical experience in unselected patients with abnormal ventricles demonstrates good correlation and standard error, small bias and acceptable limits of agreement with MRI. 3D echo offers a new means for clinical assessment of LV mass
Rethinking the Paradigm of Juvenile Delinquency as Related to Divorce

Abstract This meta-analysis involved 72 studies. Results indicate that children from divorced homes have higher rates of delinquency (status offenses, crimes against persons, felony theft, general delinquency, tobacco and drug use) except alcohol use when compared to children from intact homes. Other findings revealed that black and younger children were more delinquent than white and older children. Samples including both male and female children and upper class children were more likely to be involved in delinquency than samples with only male or female children or children from other social classes. Studies conducted in the 1990s and those that used frequency measures were also more likely to show negative outcomes of delinquency. Finally, effect sizes were more positive for clinical samples.
Money and mass incarceration: The bad, the mad, and penal reform*

Spelman’s (2009, this issue) analysis calls into question the popular contention among many antiprison activists and other penal reformers that the U.S. prison boom is bound to end soon because states just cannot afford it anymore. States have had extremely deep pockets to build more prisons even in hard times, and the availability of state revenues to pay for more prison beds has been a leading engine for prison growth. States spent more money on prisons between 1977 and 2005, but they also spent more on lots of other items, such as education and health care. Leaving aside the current financial crisis, the United States has had three major economic downturns since the early 1980s. These downturns made no dent whatsoever in the nation’s incarceration rate, which continued to increase steeply through good times and bad. Spelman’s analysis implies that it would take a truly enormous economic contraction that drastically hit state spending across the board to cause the nation’s extraordinarily high incarceration rate to plateau or turn downward. For anyone troubled by mass incarceration in the United States, this analysis looks like a dismal picture of what, if anything, can be done to reverse the prison boom, except perhaps to pray for a wrenching and protracted economic contraction. But an alternative policy prescription embedded in Spelman’s (2009) analysis is far less fatalistic. In addition to ample funds to pay for more cells, Spelman identifies two other factors as key in explaining why the U.S. prison population has been escalating for more than 35 years with no end in sight: an increasing crime rate and tougher sentencing policies. He casts doubt on alternative explanations that attribute the U.S. prison boom primarily to underlying social and economic conditions, like poverty, unemployment, failing schools and failing families (as measured by highschool dropout rates and out-of-wedlock births), income inequality, and
Plastic Deformation: Shearing Mountains Atom by Atom

Abstract Conventional wisdom established atomistic defects, dislocations, as agents of plastic deformation. On macroscopic scale, rock, wood, steel, tough ceramics, fiber reinforced composites, and silicon all deform in the same way and produce the same pattern; shear bands. The argumentation presented here, starts on the largest length scale of the problem at hand and leads through a number of hierarchical levels down to the atomistic mechanism. Shear bands develop discontinuously by the motion of a process zone. Locally, i.e. in the process zone, deformation proceeds perpendicularly to the macroscopic shear, in combination with a rotation. The microscopic shear itself may occur again in a discontinuous manner and again orthogonally to the intermediate level and so on at ever smaller scale. Material properties come into play at the highest hierarchical level, i.e. at the smallest length scale where they control the well-known micromechanisms.
Dynamic Equilibrium and the Real Exchange Rate in a Spatially Separated World

Two homogeneous stocks of physical capital are located in two different countries, separated by an "ocean." They are consumed by local residents, invested in a random production process yielding real returns, or transferred abroad. Under proportional transfer costs, trade, consumption, and capital imbalances are shown to be persistent. The heteroskedastic process for the relative price of capital in the two countries has a nonlinear, mean-reverting drift. Nevertheless, the conditional probability of the price moving from the parity value of unity is greater than the probability of it moving toward parity. The real interest-rate differential incorporates a simple risk premium. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
A comparison of simulated annealing algorithms for variable selection in principal component analysis and discriminant analysis

Variable selection is a venerable problem in multivariate statistics. Simulated annealing is one of a variety of metaheuristics that can be gainfully employed for variable selection; however, its effectiveness is influenced by algorithm design features such as the construction of the initial subset, the maximum and minimum temperatures, the cooling scheme, and the process for generating trial subsets in the neighborhood of the incumbent subset. These design features were manipulated to produce 24 versions of a simulated annealing algorithm for the problem of selecting exactly p out of m candidate variables. The versions were then compared within the contexts of principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. The results suggest some complex and interesting interactions among the design features, yet some robust versions across the two studies were established.
The effects of reinforcement frequency on performance in a multiple fixed-ratio schedule

A barpress analog to the double-alley runway was sought by varying percentage reward in the first of two consecutive FR 18s. Groups of six rats each were given 0% 50%. or 100% reinforcement upon completion of the first FR 18: after a 5-sec midtnal imterval, the second FR 18 was administered on a separate lever and all groups received CRF reward upon its completion. Group 50 Ss performed faster after nonreward than after reward. Group 50 Ss performed faster after nonreward than did 0% Ss. A measure of midtnal behavior revealed a difference between groups in orienting to the bars. When all groups were shifted to a 50% first component schedule (Phase II), there were no statistically reliable effects of prior reinforcement history on rewarded or nonrewarded responding. The Phase 1 results were taken to demonstrate a frustration effect similar to that of the double alley
Statistical Analysis of the Occurrence of Periodicities in Galaxy Redshift Data

We investigate some of Tifft’s recent statistical analyses of periodicities in extragalactic redshift samples. The values of the periodicities are refinements of those predicted by Lehto. The redshifts have been corrected for the apparent motion of the solar system relative to the cosmic background radiation and have been filtered by applying criteria such as 21 cm profile width and redshift. In all cases except one, our Monte-Carlo simulations show general agreement with Tifft’s results. However, we find that one of his analyses is weakened by applying an inappropriate Bernoulli-trials statistic. We apply a new, more straightforward statistic that shows high statistical significance for some of the periodicities. We conclude that although some of Tifft’s procedures seem to be open to some criticism, the periodicities are present at a level that is statistically significant.
Crystal structure of 1-(2,3:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-mannofuranosyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester

The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of 1-(2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-mannofuranosyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester are reported. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group P212121 (No. 19); a=8.6148(5), b=10.4793(6), c=24.6873(15) A and Z=4. The solid state structure verifies the β-anomeric form of the title compound and provides evidence for the structures of the azide and chloride precursors.
Lipid Infusion Accelerates Removal of Bupivacaine and Recovery From Bupivacaine Toxicity in the Isolated Rat Heart

Background and Objectives: Infusion of a lipid emulsion has been advocated for treatment of severe bupivacaine cardiac toxicity. The mechanism of lipid rescue is unknown. These studies address the possibility that lipid infusion reduces cardiac bupivacaine content in the context of cardiac toxicity. Methods: We compared the effects of a 1% lipid emulsion with standard Krebs buffer after inducing asystole in isolated rat heart with 500 μmol/L bupivacaine. We compared times to first heart beat and recovery of 90% of baseline rate pressure product (RPP = heart rate × [left ventricular systolic pressure − left ventricular diastolic pressure]) between controls and hearts receiving 1% lipid immediately after bupivacaine. We also used minibiopsies to compare control bupivacaine tissue content with hearts getting lipid immediately after an infusion of radiolabeled bupivacaine. We then compared bupivacaine efflux from hearts with and without lipid infusion started 75 seconds after radiolabeled bupivacaine was administered. Results: Infusion of lipid resulted in more rapid return of spontaneous contractions and full recovery of cardiac function. Average (± SEM) times to first beat and to 90% recovery of rate pressure product were 44.6 ± 3.5 versus 63.8 ± 4.3 seconds (P Conclusions: Lipid emulsion speeds loss of bupivacaine from cardiac tissue while accelerating recovery from bupivacaine-induced asystole. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bupivacaine partitions into the emulsion and supports the concept of a “lipid sink.” However, the data do not exclude other possible mechanisms of action.
The spatial configuration of ordered polynucleotide chains. I. Helix formation and base stacking.

A single virtual bond scheme set forth previously for the treatment of average properties of randomly coiling polynucleotides is here applied to the calculation of helical parameters which characterize a regularly repeating polynucleotide molecule. Only a fraction of the enormous number of conformationally feasible helixes fulfill the geometric criteria of vertical base stacking usually associated with ordered polynucleotide chains. Detailed examination of the nature and mode of base stacking feasible in a single helical backbone structure indicates that the handedness of a base stacking arrangement does not correlate either quantitatively or qualitatively with the handedness of the polymer backbone. A number of polynucleotide chains which exhibit lefthanded base stacking patterns in nmr and CD studies may, in fact, be righthanded helixes.
Structure of and bonding in [(C3H5)PdCl]2

Abstract The molecular configuration of [(C3H5)PdCl]2 has been elucidated from a three-dimensional X-ray analysis. The yellow molecular crystals are monoclinic with a = 7.46; 0.02 A, b = 7.43 ± 0.02 A, c = 8.61 ± 0.02 A, and β = 93.6 ± 0.012; the unit cell of symmetry P21/n(C52h) contains two dimeric molecules. The structure has been refined to R1 and R2 values of 6.9 and 8.8% respectively, by the application of an anisotropic-isotropic least-squares method. The dimeric molecule of idealized point symmetry C2h2/m (i.e., the required crystallographic molecular symmetry is Ci− 1 ) consists of a (PdCl)2 rhombus with each palladium symmetrically bonded to an allylic group. The overall crystallographic results of Rowe1 based on two-dimensional data are substantiated with the notable exception that our more precisely determined atomic coordinates (which provide more refined molecular parameters) reveal that the plane of the three allylic carbons is not perpendicular to the plane of the (PdCl)2 bridge system; the dihedral angle between these two planes is 108° (e.s.d. ± 4°) with the central allylic carbon tipped away from the palladium; the palladium, however, is closer to this central carbon (PdC = 2.02 ± 0.04 A) than to the two terminal carbons (mean PdC = 2.15 ± 0.02 A). The allylic carbons possess a bond angle of 128.6 ± 3.3° and an average CC distance of 1.36 ± 0.03 A. The structure and bonding of [(C3H5)PdCl]2 are discussed with respect to other related organometallic complexes.
Sex-Differentiated Behaviors in Nonsexist Picture Books.

Charges of behavioral and sex-role stereotyping in preschool picture books have led to the publication of books that purportedly avoid or challenge traditional sex stereotypes (i.e., positive image or nonsexist picture books). This study sought to identify behaviors (as distinguished from sex-typed activities or social roles) exhibited by female and male characters in nonsexist books, and to compare these portrayals with those presented in more conventional picture books (Caldecott award-winners and contemporary best-sellers). A reliable coding system (interrater reliability exceeding 90%), permitting the identification of 15 target behaviors in the text and illustrations of picture books was developed and employed in the content analysis of 50 nonsexist and 46 conventional picture books. Stepwise discriminant function and chi-square analyses revealed highly independent females and nurturant and nonaggressive males in nonsexist books—portrayals that represent a clear departure from traditional sex stereotypes in this society. On the other hand, females in nonsexist books were more nurturant, emotional, and less physically active than males in either nonsexist or conventional books. Finally, with the single exception of aggressive behavior (males exceeding females), there was no indication of behavioral sex-typing in the conventional books. Implications are discussed.
Unbiased Estimation of the Half‐Life to Price Index Convergence among U.S. Cities

Estimates of the half-life to convergence of prices across a panel of cities are subject to bias from three potential sources: inappropriate cross-sectional aggregation of heterogeneous coefficients, presence of lagged dependent variables in a model with individual fixed effects, and time aggregation of commodity prices. This paper finds no evidence of heterogeneity bias in annual CPI data for 17 U.S. cities from 1918 to 2006, but correcting for the “Nickell bias” and time aggregation bias produces a half-life of 7.5 years, shorter than estimates from previous studies.
Realization of Parasitics in Stability of DC–DC Converters Loaded by Constant Power Loads in Advanced Multiconverter Automotive Systems

Distributed DC power systems are becoming increasingly common in advanced automotive systems. Constant power load (CPL) behavior of tightly regulated DC-DC converters in multiconverter power systems is equivalent to the dynamic negative impedance, destabilizing the DC bus and, consequently, the system. Various techniques have been developed to control ideal/lossless converters loaded by CPLs. Loss components significantly enhance the stability of the cascaded converters. In this paper, the effects of parasitics in the behavior of DC-DC converters loaded by CPLs are investigated. Furthermore, the stability of power converters loaded by CPLs in parallel to conventional constant voltage loads in the presence of loss components is analyzed. Design criteria are presented for converter operation in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, which gives recommendations on the design of multiconverter DC power systems to avoid negative impedance instability. The proposed stable operation criteria are validated with hardware prototypes and simulation analyses.
Palliating Severe Arteriovenous Fistulae Using Absorbable Pulmonary Artery Bands

We report the use of an absorbable pulmonary artery band to limit postoperative cyanosis due to severe pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae in a 5-year-old girl with post-Fontan palliation takedown to a two-ventricle repair. At 1-year postoperatively, her fistulae had nearly resolved with no distortion of her pulmonary artery anatomy. This case demonstrates a novel approach to limiting cyanosis while pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae resolved after redirection of hepatic blood flow to the affected lung.
The KKT System

The most time-consuming aspect of each iteration of the path-following method is solving the system of equations that defines the step direction vectors Δx, Δy, Δw, and Δz: $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} A\Delta x + \Delta w& =& \rho {}\end{array}$$ (19.1) $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl}{ A}^{T}\Delta y - \Delta z& =& \sigma {}\end{array}$$ (19.2) $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} Z\Delta x + X\Delta z& =& \mu e - XZe{}\end{array}$$ (19.3) $$\displaystyle\begin{array}{rcl} W\Delta y + Y \Delta w& =& \mu e - Y We.{}\end{array}$$ (19.4)
Changes in composition and reactivity of allochthonous DOM in a prairie saline lake

Inland saline lakes in semiarid regions of the Canadian prairies contain some of the highest known concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). This dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents a potentially important carbon and energy source for aquatic bacteria. Redberry Lake, an oligotrophic saline lake in central Saskatchewan, is located in a hydrologically closed basin and has high levels of DOC (seasonal mean 35 mg L 21 ). Despite such high DOC concentrations, lake water is clear. Lake DOM is predominantly allochthonous, and enters the lake via the major inflow, Oscar Creek. Despite its origin, this DOM is compositionally much different than its creek counterpart. Approximately 73% of total lake DOM is low in molecular weight (,1000 D). XAD-8 isolated hydrophobic organic acids (HPOA) are low in aromaticity, have high C : N ratios and a certain percentage are old (;700 years). In comparison, creek water, despite having lower DOC concentrations than the lake (14.9 mg L 21 ) is highly colored. Fifty-five per cent of this DOC is low in molecular weight and isolated DOM has higher aromaticity and lower C : N ratio than lake DOM. As a result of these changes in DOM, ultraviolet light penetrates much deeper into lake water as compared to the creek. Photolysis experiments revealed that DOM in Oscar Creek and Redberry Lake is photoreactive. Changes in lake DOM are not only linked to location within a hydrologically closed basin and photochemistry, but provide the explanation for the optically different character of DOC in this geographical region. Changes in lake DOM have had an effect at the microbial level as well. Little of the lake DOM appears available for bacterial growth as a result of these photochemical changes. Creek DOM, having a shorter residence time, does not appear to have been as photochemically changed and consequently is more available for bacterial growth. Aquatic systems with high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are characteristically tea-colored (Thurman 1985). Moreover, as DOC concentration increases, so does color (Tranvik 1990). Inland saline lakes in semiarid regions of the Canadian prairies are different. Although they contain some of the highest known concentrations of DOC, it is generally less colored than that originating in humid regions. As salinity increases, so too does DOC concentration (Curtis and Adams 1995).
Strategic Fit In Inter-Organizational Networks: A Life Cycle Framework For The Healthcare IDS

Strategic alliances in the form of inter-organizational networks continue to receive attention in both service and manufacturing industries as a potential form of competitive. The healthcare industry has embraced these strategic alliances with much intensity and perhaps to a greater extent than many other industries. Yet, despite the increasing prevalence of inter-organizational arrangements across most industries, empirical evidence of the value of IT to enhance and support these arrangements is lacking in the IT. Therefore, a need exists to extend IT theory and research to the inter-organizational level of analysis to better meet the needs of contemporary organizations and partnerships. Using the healthcare IDS as the unit of analysis, the primary objective of this study is to stimulate research at the inter-organizational network level of analysis. A conceptual framework of IT value for the inter-organizational network is developed that merges three complementary theoretical concepts, namely the Strategic Alignment Model, the IT-Enabled Business Transformation Framework, and the IT Integration Life Cycle.
Metamemory development in preschool children with ADHD

Abstract An aspect of metacognition, metamemory (knowledge and awareness of one's memory) was investigated across time in preschool children with ADHD (n = 31) and a sample of age, sex, socioeconomic and IQ-matched typically developing children (n = 31). Only children with stable ADHD diagnoses were included. Participants were assessed on a variety of cognitive and parent report measures. Longitudinal results indicated that the preschool children with ADHD and typically developing children had similar intellectual capacities. In addition, at age 4, children with ADHD and typically developing children had comparable metamemory skills. Nevertheless, one year later, when control participants made strong gains in metamemory development, children with ADHD began to lag behind. It is therefore crucial that metamemory difficulties in children with ADHD are detected as soon as they appear so that they can be fully assessed and remediation programs put in place in the school and home.
Do Citizens Apply Gender Stereotypes to Infer Candidates' Ideological Orientations?*

This research examines whether citizens utilize gender stereotypes to infer candidates' ideological orientations. Analysis of data from the 1988-1990-1992 Pooled Senate Election Study reveals that even after candidates' individuating ideological orientations are taken into account, candidate gender still exerts substantial effects on citizens' perceptions of candidates' ideological orientations. The consequences of gender stereotypes for vote choice are important but differ for Democrats and Republicans. For Democratic female candidates, gender ideological stereotypes increase the distance between female candidates and voters, increasing the likelihood citizens will vote for the Republican opponent, ceteris paribus. For Republican female candidates, gender stereotypes for ideology reduce the distance between them and most voters, thereby increasing their electoral prospects.
Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E6/E7 variants.

Abstract Objectives Polymorphisms in human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 have been shown to be related to geographic areas and are broadly classified as European (E), African (Af), Asian (As), or Asian-American (AA). Certain variants have been reported as being more likely to cause cervical disease; our objectives were to identify new HPV16 polymorphisms, to determine the linkage of the E2 and E6/E7 regions and to determine the minimum sequence necessary to classify variants. Methods We sequenced the complete E2, E6, and E7 regions in all HPV16-positive cervical samples identified in a case-control study of pre-invasive cervical disease. Results In the 100 samples analyzed, only one new polymorphism was identified, a synonymous change, T3205A, in region E2. The frequency distribution of variants in the sample set was 37 European prototypes and 27 E-G350, 16 AA, 5 Af1, 2 Af2, 8 E-C109G, 3 E-G131G, and 2 As. As shown by others, region E7 varied much less than E6 and E2. Conclusions In each case, E2 changes were linked to the expected E6/E7 changes, and there was no evidence for recombination. The linkage between E2 and E6/E7 allows variant classification to be based on a short E6 sequence (nt 109–350).
Relative Roles of the Learning and Motor Factors Involved in the Digit Symbol Test

(1950). Relative Roles of the Learning and Motor Factors Involved in the Digit Symbol Test. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 33-42.