cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of resonance‐oblateness coupling on a satellite orbit

Second-order effects of the coupling between geopotential resonance and oblateness on a satellite orbit are calculated. These effects arise from the interaction of resonance with the secular changes of the orbit's node, perigee, and mean anomaly. They have the same period and phase as first-order resonance perturbations. But their amplitudes are proportional to the square of the period and dominate the first-order effects as the orbit becomes commensurate. A striking example of this coupling is seen in the 18-day resonance variation of the node of the orbit of the first earth resources technology satellite. Analysis of this 1 arc sec (31 m) variation yields a strong fourteenth-order constraint to the geopotential field for odd degree terms. This constraint (lumped coefficient) is poorly predicted by most current models.
SHAPE-DEPENDENT UNIVERSALITY IN PERCOLATION

Abstract The shape-dependent universality of the excess percolation cluster number and cross-configuration probability on a torus is examined. Besides the aspect ratio of the torus, the universality class depends upon the twist in the periodic boundary conditions, which may be introduced when triangular lattices are used in simulations.
Facile entry to the tetracyclic 5-7-6-3 tigliane ring system.

A tandem anionic 5-exo-dig cyclization/Claisen rearrangement sequence was used to effect a facile, “one-pot” conversion of an appropriately substituted 4-alkyn-1-ol to the tetracyclic carbon core structure of phorbol. The synthesis was conducted using readily available nonracemic starting materials to provide the target structure as a single enantiomer in high chemical yield.
Strategic M&A: insights from Buffett's MidAmerican acquisition

Purpose – This paper seeks to propose a definition of strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&A) that is illustrated by way of case study. It also aims to introduce the strategic concept of “nascent franchise.”Design/methodology/approach – The proposed definition is based on existing strategic theory, which was extended to the field of M&A. The supporting case analysis is based on the Berkshire Hathaway‐led acquisition of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company (“MidAmerican”) in 1999, and was prepared from publicly available financial information.Findings – Defining strategic M&A in the manner proposed in this paper proved useful in explaining the dynamics of, and post‐acquisition performance of, the MidAmerican acquisition. It also helped to frame the analysis leading to the concept of nascent franchise.Practical and research implications – The paper's definition of strategic M&A could help reframe deal deliberations for practitioners, and spur research by strategy scholars. Additionally, the concept of “nasc...
Bézier Curves on Riemannian Manifolds and Lie Groups with Kinematics Applications

In this article we generalize the concept of Bezier curves to curved spaces, and illustrate this generalization with an application in kinematics. We show how De Casteljau's algorithm for constructing Bezier curves can be extended in a natural way to Riemannian manifolds. We then consider a special class of Riemannian manifold, the Lie groups. Because of their group structure Lie groups admit an elegant, efficient recursive algorithm for constructing Bezier curves. Spatial displacements of a rigid body also form a Lie group, and can therefore be interpolated (in the Bezier sense) using this recursive algorithm. We apply this algorithm to the kinematic problem of trajectory generation or motion interpolation for a moving rigid body. The orientation trajectory of motions generated in this way have the important property of being invariant with respect to choices of inertial and body-fixed reference frames
Julia–Kocienski approach to trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes ☆

A Julia–Kocienski approach to trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes was evaluated in the reactions of 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl, 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl, and 1-tbutyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl sulfones with aldehydes. Among the various conditions tested, the best yields were obtained with 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl sulfone, in CsF-mediated, room temperature olefinations in DMSO. Aromatic aldehydes gave (trifluoromethyl)vinyl derivatives in 23–86% yields, with generally moderate stereoselectivity. Straightforward synthesis of the Julia–Kocienski reagent, and conversion to trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes under mild reaction conditions, are the advantages of this approach.
Composite operators in QCD

Abstract We give a formula for the derivatives of a correlation function of composite operators with respect to the parameters (i.e. the strong fine structure constant and the quark mass) of QCD in four-dimensional euclidean space. The formula is given as spatial integration of the operator conjugate to a parameter. The operator product of a composite operator and a conjugate operator has an unintegrable part, and the formula requires divergent subtractions. By imposing consistency conditions we derive a relation between the anomalous dimensions of the composite operators and the unintegrable part of the operator product coefficients.
Binding interactions between peptides and proteins of the class II Major Histocompatibility Complex

The activation of helper T cells by peptides bound to proteins of the class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC II) is pivotal to the initiation of an immune response. The primary functional requirement imposed on MHC II proteins is the ability to efficiently bind thousands of different peptides. Structurally, this is reflected in a unique architecture of binding interactions. The peptide is bound in an extended conformation within a groove on the membrane distal surface of the protein that is lined with several pockets that can accommodate peptide side-chains. Conserved MHC II protein residues also form hydrogen bonds along the length of the peptide main-chain. Here we review recent advances in the study of peptide-MHC II protein reactions that have led to an enhanced understanding of binding energetics. These results demonstrate that peptide-MHC II protein complexes achieve high affinity binding from the array of hydrogen bonds that are energetically segregated from the pocket interactions, which can then add to an intrinsic hydrogen bond-mediated affinity. Thus, MHC II proteins are unlike antibodies, which utilize cooperativity among binding interactions to achieve high affinity and specificity. The significance of these observations is discussed within the context of possible mechanisms for the HLA-DM protein that regulates peptide presentation in vivo and the design of non-peptide molecules that can bind MHC II proteins and act as vaccines or immune modulators.
Cooperative adaptive control of a two-agent system

This article presents a new cooperative control framework using an ℒ1 adaptive control for a two-agent dynamic system in the presence of uncertainties. Each agent has its own decentralised controller based on the extended dynamics which include its own local measurements, as well as any information available from the other agent. Each ℒ1 adaptive control law is designed to achieve the local objective of the host agent, as well as handle both local and interconnected uncertainties from the other agent. The global objective is achieved when each agent achieves its own local objective. The stability condition for the global closed-loop system is derived, and simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the presented cooperative control framework.
A review of applications of mass spectrometry to low level radionuclide metrology

Abstract Radiation counting of nuclear decay events is the most commonly used method of measuring radionuclide concentrations. However, some radionuclides, such as transuranics: 235 U, 236 U, 240 Pu, 241 Pu, 242 Pu, and the fission products: 99 Tc and 135 Cs can be analyzed by mass spectrometry with greater sensitivity, ease, and/or accuracy. Mass spectrometry also offers an independent means of measuring radionuclide concentrations which can be valuable as a comparison with radiation counting. Current capabilities of mass spectrometry for analysis of selected environmental radionuclides as well as projected developments for the near future are summarized. Comparisons of cost, sensitivity, and accuracy (with a particular emphasis on sensitivity) are made for those radionuclides of most interest to environmental studies and for those most likely to lend themselves to mass spectrometric analysis. In some cases where there are presently no mass spectrometric methods which are competitive with radiation counting, limiting factors are defined, and the possibility of future development is discussed.
Manifestly finite perturbation theory for the short-distance expansion of correlation functions in the two-dimensional Ising model

Abstract We review and apply the recently proposed formalism for the study of the theory space of euclidean quantum field theories based on the variational formula to the analysis of the scaling limit of the two-dimensional massive Ising model. An extension of the first-order variational formula to higher orders provides a manifestly finite scheme for the perturbative calculation of the operator product coefficients to any order in parameters. A perturbative expansion of the correlation functions follows. We implement this scheme for a systematic study of correlation functions involving two spin operators. We show how the necessary non-trivial integrals can be calculated. As two concrete examples we explicitly calculate the short-distance expansion of the spin-spin correlation function to third order and the spin-spin-energy-density correlation function to first order in the mass. We also comment on how our results may be applied to perturbations of non-trivial fixed points corresponding to other unitary minimal models.
Proton-coupled electron transfer: classification scheme and guide to theoretical methods

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions, which involve the transfer of both electrons and protons, are essential for many energy conversion processes. The relative timescales of the electrons, transferring proton(s), solute, and solvent, as well as the couplings among these components, vary widely among PCET processes. This paper presents a scheme for the classification of PCET reactions in terms of these timescales and couplings, which are framed in the context of electronic, vibrational, and vibronic nonadiabaticity. A guide to the theoretical methods that are applicable in the various regimes is also provided. In addition, theoretical calculations and physical properties that can be used to classify specific experimentally relevant systems are discussed. The ability to classify PCET reactions will assist in the development of more accurate theoretical treatments and will aid in the interpretation of experimental data. This progress will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of energy conversion processes that rely on PCET reactions.
Strengthening of a Sintered Silicon Nitride by a Post-Fabrication Heat Treatment

The strength improvement of an injection-molded and sintered silicon nitride ceramic (15.5 wt% Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/+ 10.1 wt% produced by an oxidation heat treatment at 1500/degree/C is reported. The ceramic retains its strength after prolonged intermediate temperature exposure in air, whereas the untreated material suffers various degrees of cracking. 6 refs.
Is the graviton a domain wall glueball

Strong coupling calculations for the glueball spectrum in an AdS7 black hole are modified by introducing an UV cut-off at a Planck brane. A new normalizable state in the tensor spectrum is found which reproduces Einstein-Hilbert gravity up to exponentially small corrections due to off shell mixing with massive glueballs.
Integrable generalized principal chiral models

Abstract We study 2D non-linear sigma models on a group manifold with a special form of the metric. We address the question of integrability for this special class of sigma models. We derive two algebraic conditions for the metric on the group manifold. Each solution of these conditions defines an integrable model. Although the algebraic system is overdetermined in general, we give two examples of solutions. We find the Lax field for these models and calculate their Poisson brackets. We also obtain the renormalization group (RG) equations, to first order, for the generic model. We solve the RG equations for the examples we have and show that they are integrable along the RG flow.
Thin dielectric films in superconducting cavities

At high field levels, field emission losses in superconducting cavities have an adverse effect in both reducing the otherwise extremely high Q > 10^9, and the magnetic breakdown field bringing it well below the critical magnetic field of the superconductor. The two effects may well be related as field enhancing whiskers responsible for the field emission losses can be driven normal thus reducing the magnetic breakdown field. Both the beneficial and deleterious effects of anodizing the inner surface of superconducting cavities are discussed and analyzed.
Bounding quantities related to the packing density of 1(ℓ+1)ℓ···2

We bound several quantities related to the packing density of the patterns 1(@?+1)@?...2. These bounds sharpen results of Bona, Sagan, and Vatter and give a new proof of the packing density of these patterns, originally computed by Stromquist in the case @?=2 and by Price for larger @?. We end with comments and conjectures.
Random walks in a random environment

Random walks as well as diffusions in random media are considered. Methods are developed that allow one to establish large deviation results for both the ‘quenched’ and the ‘averaged’ case.
Wealth effects of banks’ rights to market and originate annuities

Abstract We examine wealth effects, for banks and insurers, of bank rights to sell and underwrite annuities. The stock-price reactions to four court and regulatory decisions are consistent with expectations of bank gains at insurers’ expense. Cross-sectionally, smaller, riskier insurers with higher distribution costs and substantial annuity business sustain larger wealth losses. Larger, riskier bank-holding companies with fee-based and consumer business gain most, consistent with the extension of federal safety-net guarantees as a source of gains. Banking stock-price reactions to the Supreme Court’s decision are opposite other findings, possibly reflecting unfulfilled expectations of a broader mandate for expanded bank rights.
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF U.S. FUTURES EXCHANGES

Futures exchanges are business organizations providing transaction services and associated clearing and settlement services in a wide variety of products ranging these days from agricultural products (corn, soy beans, beef cattle) to precious metals (gold, silver, platinum) to petroleum products (heating oil, gasoline) and, most important currently, to financial instruments (stock indexes, Treasury bonds, foreign currencies). A breakdown of the futures exchange industry by location and type of product traded for the three years 1980,1985, and 1990 is presented in table 1.
Enceladus: Implications of its unusual photometric properties

Abstract We have investigated the photometric properties of Enceladus up to phase angles of 43°, using Voyager 1 and 2 images. Among the satellite's unusual photometric characteristics are its very high geometric albedo (1.0 ± 0.1 near 0.47 μ), which extends down to at least 0.34 μ, and the uniformity of albedos, colors, and scattering properties over the geologically varied surface. Although some albedo variations of up to 15% occur in low resolution Voyager 1 images, the albedos of the four major geological units imaged in the Voyager 2 near-encounter sequence differ by 1–2% or less, even though the ages of these units probably differ by at least a factor of 10 (3.8 billion years to a few hundred million years). The lack of correlation of spectrophotometric properties with terrain type suggests that the optical characteristics of Enceladus are determined by a recently deposited ubiquitous surface layer, possibly originating in Saturn's E-ring. The high geometric albedo implies that the surface layer is remarkably free of opaque material and is much more backscattering than is common for natural or laboratory frost layers on Earth. The unique phase and photometric functions of Enceladus can be explained by the high degree of multiple scattering in its surface. The existing observations suggest that the textural characteristics of Enceladus' regolith are similar to those of other icy Saturnian satellites.
A New Current Mode Sine Wave Inverter

A new sine wave inverter topology is presented. Its current mode operation is described, and its performance is compared to that of the more conventional series, or voltage mode, inverter. It is shown that higher frequency and more efficient operation is possible. A parity simulation of the new circuit is performed and parametric operating data are presented in a form useful for design purposes. The simulation results are verified on a 250 W 10-20 kHz hardware version of the current mode sine wave inverter.
The Structure of the Homunculus. III. Forming a Disk and Bipolar Lobes in a Rotating Surface Explosion

We present a semianalytic model for the shaping of the Homunculus Nebula around η Carinae that accounts for the simultaneous production of bipolar lobes and an equatorial disk through a rotating surface explosion. Material is launched normal to the surface of an oblate rotating star with an initial kick velocity that scales approximately with the local escape speed. Thereafter, ejecta follow ballistic orbital trajectories, feeling only a central force corresponding to a radiatively reduced gravity. Our model is conceptually similar to the wind-compressed disk model of Bjorkman & Cassinelli, but we modify it to an explosion instead of a steady line-driven wind, we include a rotationally distorted star, and we treat the dynamics somewhat differently. A continuum-driven explosion, where the radiation force is independent of velocity, avoids the disk inhibition mechanisms that normally operate in line-driven winds. This allows midlatitude material with appropriate initial specific energy to migrate toward the equator, where it collides with material from the opposite hemisphere to form a disk. Thus, our model provides a simple method by which rotating hot stars can simultaneously produce intrinsically bipolar and equatorial mass ejections, without relying on an aspherical environment or magnetic fields. Although motivated by η Carinae, the model may have generic application to episodic mass ejection where rotation is important, including other luminous blue variables, B[e] stars, the nebula around SN 1987A, or possibly even bipolar supernova explosions themselves. In cases where near-Eddington radiative driving is less influential, our model generalizes to produce bipolar pinched-waist morphologies without disks, as seen in many planetary nebulae. If rotating single stars can produce strongly axisymmetric ejecta by this mechanism, then the presence of aspherical ejecta by itself is insufficient justification to invoke close binary evolution.
Disk-directed I/O for MIMD multiprocessors

Many scientific applications that run on today's multiprocessors, such as weather forecasting and seismic analysis, are bottlenecked by their file-I/O needs. Even if the multiprocessor is configured with sufficient I/O hardware, the file system software often fails to provide the available bandwidth to the application. Although libraries and enhanced file system interfaces can make a significant improvement, we believe that fundamental changes are needed in the file server software. We propose a new technique, disk-directed I/O, to allow the disk servers to determine the flow of data for maximum performance. Our simulations show that tremendous performance gains are possible both for simple reads and writes and for an out-of-core application. Indeed, our disk-directed I/O technique provided consistent high performance that was largely independent of data distribution and obtained up to 93% of peak disk bandwidth. It was as much as 18 times faster than either a typical parallel file system or a two-phase-I/O library.
A DEDICATED M DWARF PLANET SEARCH USING THE HOBBY-EBERLY TELESCOPE

We present the first results from our planet-search program using the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory to detect planets around M-type dwarf stars by means of high-precision radial velocity (RV) measurements. Although more than 100 extrasolar planets have been found around solar-type stars of spectral type F–K, there is only a single M dwarf (GJ 876) known to harbor a planetary system. With the current incompleteness of Doppler surveys with respect to M dwarfs, it is not yet possible to decide whether this is due to a fundamental difference in the formation history and overall frequency of planetary systems in the low-mass regime of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, or simply an observational bias. Our HET M dwarf survey plans to survey 100 M dwarfs in the next 3 to 4 years, with the primary goal being to answer this question. Here we present the results from the first year of the survey, which show that our routine RV precision for M dwarfs is 6 m s-1. We found that GJ 864 and GJ 913 are binary systems with as yet undetermined periods, while five out of 39 M dwarfs reveal a high RV scatter and represent candidates for having short-period planetary companions. For one of them, GJ 436 (rms = 20.6 m s-1), we have already obtained follow-up observations, but no periodic signal is present in the RV data.
Beyond the Limits: Palladium‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based Catalytic System Enables Highly Efficient [4+2] Benzannulation Reactions

A highly efficient catalytic system for the palladium-catalyzed [4+2] benzannulation reaction of enynes and enynophiles has been developed. The use of an N-heterocyclic carbene-based palladium precursor allowed us to achieve turnover numbers up to 1800. The new catalytic system has enabled an expansion of the scope of the [4+2] homo-benzannulation reaction.
Deep levels in AgGaSe2

Abstract The photoluminescence spectra of AgGaSe 2 obtained at 77 K are reported. Two emission peaks have been observed and their pressure dependence studied. One of these peaks has been identified with emission involving one of the two deep-level peaks, D 1 and D 2 observed previously in absorption measurement [ Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1717 (1994)]. A simple model for the capture of carriers into these deep levels has been proposed.
The Induction of Antibodies to Human Luteinizing Hormone by Contaminated Clinical Pituitary Hormone Preparations

Three children with hypopituitarism had elevated LH levels measured by RIA which were incompatible with their stage of sexual maturation. Each of the children had been administered parenteral pituitary hormone preparations: one patient, human (h) GH for 3 2/1 yr; one patient, bovine TSH twice to evaluate thyroid responsiveness; and two patients, posterior pituitary extract by nasal insufflation for 7 5/12 ad 4 9/12 yr to treat diabetes insipidus. Each of these children had developed antibodies of the immunoglobulin G class which bound [125I]hLH in vitro in a displaceable fashion. In two of the patients, the antibody reacting with hLH was found after therapy with pituitary hormones of bovine or porcine origin and before treatment with hGH, while on child had received only hGH therapy. These antibodies interfered in the assay for hLH and were responsible for the spurious elevations of serum immunoreactive hLH. None of these children had undergone spontaneous puberty, including at least one who may not have been gonadotropin deficient. To reduce the risk of generating high potency neutralizing antibodies, only highly purified, monomeric pituitary hormone preparations or pure synthetic hormone preparations should be used for diagnosis and chronic replacement therapy.
Deriving emissions time series from sparse atmospheric mole fractions

[1] A growth-based Bayesian inverse method is presented for deriving emissions of atmospheric trace species from temporally sparse measurements of their mole fractions. This work is motivated by many recent studies that have deduced emissions using archived air samples with measurement intervals of the order of a year or longer in the early part of the record. Several techniques have been used to make this underdetermined problem invertible. These include the incorporation of prior emissions estimates, the smoothing of observations or derived emissions, the approximation of emissions time series by polynomials, or the application of regularization schemes. However, these methods often suffer from limitations, such as the unavailability of independent, unbiased priors, the emergence of unrealistic emissions fluctuations due to measurement outliers, or the subjective choice of measurement or emissions smoothing time scales. This paper presents an alternative solution that reduces the influence of potentially biased priors or measurement outliers by constraining the emissions growth rate around some growth estimate, in conjunction with the model-measurement mismatch.
Strain Rate Calculation Approach in Environmental Fatigue Evaluations

Fatigue usage factor evaluations including the effects of reactor water environment have been performed in numerous nuclear plant license renewal efforts. A large number of these evaluations have used the environmental fatigue penalty factor, Fen, approach prescribed in various regulatory documents. The Fen equations require input of strain rate, but the prescribing documents do not provide methodology or criteria for the quantification of the strain rate to be input. As a result, numerous approaches have been offered and studied. This paper presents an approach used by Westinghouse to include strain rate in an automated calculation of Fen based on the modified rate approach (MRA) to integrated strain rate applications. The starting point of the approach is ASME Code Section III NB-3200 fatigue analysis. With environmental fatigue evaluations in new plant designs now emerging in ASME Code criteria, strain rate considerations remain part of the discussion. The intent of this paper is to provide further insight into this process.
Variation of Geometric Invariant Theory Quotients

Geometric Invariant Theory gives a method for constructing quotients for group actions on algebraic varieties which in many cases appear as moduli spaces parameterizing isomorphism classes of geometric objects (vector bundles, polarized varieties, etc.). The quotient depends on a choice of an ample linearized line bundle. Two choices are equivalent if they give rise to identical quotients. A priori, there are infinitely many choices since there are infinitely many isomorphism classes of linearized ample line bundles. Hence several natural questions arise. Is the set of equivalence classes, and hence the set of non-isomorphic quotients, finite? How does the quotient vary under change of the equivalence class? In this paper we give partial answers to these questions in the case of actions of reductive algebraic groups on nonsingular projective algebraic varieties. We shall show that among ample line bundles which give projective geometric quotients there are only finitely many equivalence classes. These classes span certain convex subsets (chambers) in a certain convex cone in Euclidean space, and when we cross a wall separating one chamber from another, the corresponding quotient undergoes a birational transformation which is similar to a Mori flip.
Level shifts due to the confinement of an atom by conducting walls

Abstract It is shown that the shifts in energy levels due to an atom's confinement by conducting walls of separation L is proportional to 1/ L 3 (to lowest order in 1/ L ) contrary to a recent proposal of Power thus explaining a null experimental result.
Baryon-conservation limit

An improved lower limit of g2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{30}$ yr against baryon-conservation-violating nucleon decay has been obtained for modes which produce $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e$ decays. The detector, employing a 20-ton large-area (180 ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) liquid scintillator, was operated deep underground (3.2 km) to eliminate stopping muons from cosmic rays, leaving only the background from muons produced by atmospheric neutrinos. A run length of 2.7 yr was required to achieve the sensitivity quoted.
Scientific Workflows and Provenance: Introduction and Research Opportunities

Scientific workflows are becoming increasingly popular for compute-intensive and data-intensive scientific applications. The vision and promise of scientific workflows includes rapid, easy workflow design, reuse, scalable execution, and other advantages, e.g., to facilitate “reproducible science” through provenance (e.g., data lineage) support. However, as described in the paper, important research challenges remain. While the database community has studied (business) workflow technologies extensively in the past, most current work in scientific workflows seems to be done outside of the database community, e.g., by practitioners and researchers in the computational sciences and eScience. We provide a brief introduction to scientific workflows and provenance, and identify areas and problems that suggest new opportunities for database research.
Vascular compression is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is discussed from the standpoint of etiology, pathophysiology, and surgical treatment. The author presents the hypothesis of cranial nerve vascular compression as the cause of trigeminal neuralgia from a historic perspective, with a comprehensive review of the literature from its earliest efforts through the present.
Projectively flat Finsler 2-spheres of constant curvature

After recalling the structure equations of Finsler structures on surfaces, I define a notion of "generalized Finsler structure" as a way of microlocalizing the problem of describing Finsler structures subject to curvature conditions. I then recall the basic notions of path geometry on a surface and define a notion of "generalized path geometry" analogous to that of "generalized Finsler structure". I use these ideas to study the geometry of Finsler structures on the 2-sphere that have constant Finsler-Gauss curvature K and whose geodesic path geometry is projectively flat, i.e., locally equivalent to that of straight lines in the plane. I show that, modulo diffeomorphism, there is a 2-parameter family of projectively flat Finsler structures on the sphere whose Finsler-Gauss curvature K is identically 1.
Inattentional blindness and its relevance to teaching forensic accounting and auditing

Abstract Inattentional blindness, also known as perceptual blindness, is the phenomenon of not being able to see things that are actually there. This concept is not covered in traditional accounting classes in general and forensic accounting and auditing in particular. We discuss why forensic accountants and auditors should be aware of inattentional blindness and we show how it may impact the behavior of the individuals investigating and being investigated. We use a video to illustrate how this concept could be meaningfully incorporated into a teaching curriculum with a focus on forensic accounting and auditing. In particular, we provide illustrations of how this video could be used in forensic accounting and auditing classes to heighten student awareness of how “blind spots” could adversely affect the investigation process. We conclude by using the Leeson/Barings scandal (involving the fraud that brought down Barings bank) to illustrate how inattentional blindness can occur in a real-life fraud situation. We also provide additional material showing the relevance of inattentional blindness to the Madoff Ponzi scandal.
An electron impact investigation of the 3p‐Rydberg transitions of acetone

High resolution (15 meV), gas phase, electron impact energy loss spectra of acetone, and acetone‐d6 measured as a function of incident energy and scattering angle have been used to study the anomalously weak 7.4 eV 3p‐Rydberg transition in acetone. Assignments made on the basis of isotope shifts and differential electron scattering cross sections show that the weak transition observed optically and in the high energy electron impact spectrum is a forbidden transition to the out‐of‐plane 3p‐Rydberg orbital. The band system is built on a vibronically allowed false origin enabled by the ν23 (CO bend) vibration. The analogous transition in the less symmetric molecule methyl ethyl ketone was observed to be optically allowed. All observed bands could be assigned to the one electronic transition to the out‐of‐plane 3p‐Rydberg orbital. The other two 3p‐Rydberg transitions do not appear to be active in acetone or methyl ethyl ketone. An unusual feature of this investigation was the experimental investigation of th...
Exploring the partonic structure of hadrons through the Drell–Yan process

The Drell–Yan process is a standard tool for probing the partonic structure of hadrons. Since the process proceeds through a quark–antiquark annihilation, Drell–Yan scattering possesses a unique ability to selectively probe sea distributions. This review examines the application of Drell–Yan scattering to elucidating the flavour asymmetry of the nucleon's sea and nuclear modifications to the sea quark distributions in unpolarized scattering. Polarized beams and targets add an exciting new dimension to Drell–Yan scattering. In particular, the two initial-state hadrons give Drell–Yan sensitivity to chirally odd transversity distributions.
Phase transition between two anhydrous modifications of NaHSO4 mediated by heat and water

Abstract The phase transition between the two anhydrous modifications of NaHSO4 (α and β) was studied using Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. These measurements indicate that β-NaHSO4 is a metastable phase and readily undergoes phase transition to thermodynamically stable α-NaHSO4 with an exothermic enthalpy change of 3.5 kJ/mol. Both thermal (temperatures >434 K) and chemical (exposure to H2O) pathways were identified for this transition. The transition is irreversible, and α-NaHSO4 is an intermediate phase between β-NaHSO4 and NaHSO4·H2O. The possible mechanism of the phase transition is discussed.
Syntheses and characterization of Mn(III), Co(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes of 5,7,12,14-Tetraphenyldibenzo [b,i ] [ 1,4,8,11 ] tetraaza [ 14 ] annulene: Electrochemical, spectral properties and the effects of axial ligation

The syntheses and characterization of Co(II), Zn(II), Pd(II) and Mn(III) (with Cl− as its counterion) complexes of the new ligand, 5,7,12,14-tetraphenyl-dibenzo [b,i] [ 1,4,8,11 ]tetraaza [14] annulene, are reported. The UV-Vis spectra of the complexes along with a spectrometric titration of the Co(Il) complex are presented. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the redox properties of these complexes. The results are compared to the analogous tetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene complexes. In addition, the effects of axial binding of F−, CN−, N3− and pyridine on the electrochemistry of Ni(II)and Cu(II) complexes of this new ligand were investigated. Both CN− and N3− increased the oxidative current observed for the first oxidation wave. Pyridine increased the oxidative current observed for the second oxidation wave and decreased its reductive current on the reverse scan. A proposed EC mechanism between the complexes and the axial ligand was confirmed by a controlled oxidation of the Cu(II) complex at 0.90 V, followed by addition of N3−. A current increase was observed after the addition of N3−. The increase is due to reoxidation of the Cu(II) complex after the reduction by N3−. No current increase was observed for the addition of N3− in the absence of the Cu(II) complex. The Spin Hamiltonian parameters of the Co(Il) complex as the O2 adduct were determined. Various solvent systems (some containing axial ligands) wem employed to compare their effects on the Spin Hamiltonian parameters of the Co(Il) complex with the O2 adduct. These results compared to similar Co(II) complexes show that the metal centers have approximately the same character even though the periphery is much different.
Fast Longest Common Subsequence with General Integer Scoring Support on GPUs

Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) have been gaining popularity among high-performance users. Certain classes of algorithms benefit greatly from the massive parallelism of GPUs. One such class of algorithms is longest common subsequence (LCS). Combined with bit parallelism, recent studies have been able to achieve terascale performance for LCS on GPUs. However, the reported results for the one-to-many matching problem lack correlation with weighted scoring algorithms. In this paper, we describe a novel technique to improve the score significance of the length of LCS algorithm for multiple matching. We extend the bit-vector algorithms for LCS to include integer scoring and parallelize them for hybrid CPU-GPU platforms. We benchmark our algorithm against the well-known sequence alignment algorithm on GPUs, CUDASW++, for accuracy and report performance on three different systems.
Electronic structures of porous nanocarbons

We use large scale ab-initio calculations to describe electronic structures of graphene, graphene nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes periodically perforated with nanopores. We disclose common features of these systems and develop a unified picture that permits us to analytically predict and systematically characterize metal-semiconductor transitions in nanocarbons with superlattices of nanopores of different sizes and types. These novel materials with highly tunable band structures have numerous potential applications in electronics, light detection and molecular sensing.
A symmetry rule for chiral olefins

Abstract It is shown that the sign of the Cotton effect of the principal (πx → πx*) transition of chiral olefins near 200 nm predicts the absolute configuration of the molecule through the olefin octant rule. The onset of a second, oppositely signed optically active transition can frequently be observed near 180 nm and is ascribed to σ → π* or πx → πy* absorption. Overlap of these transitions serves to explain several apparently anomalous effects.
The topology aware file distribution problem

We present theoretical results for large-file distribution on general networks of known topology (known link bandwidths and router locations). We show that the problem of distributing a file in minimum time is NP-hard in this model, and we give an O(logn) approximation algorithm, where n is the number of workstations that require the file. We also characterize our method as optimal amongst the class of "no-link-sharing" algorithms.
On the use of energy minimization for CA based analysis in elasticity

There has been recent interest in exploring alternative computational models for structural analysis that are better suited for a design environment requiring repetitive analysis. The need for such models is brought about by significant increases in computer processing speeds, realized primarily through parallel processing. To take full advantage of such parallel machines, however, the computational approach itself must be revisited from a totally different perspective; parallelization of inherently serial paradigms is subject to limitations introduced by a requirement of information coordination. The cellular automata (CA) model of decentralized computations provides one such approach which is ideally tailored for parallel computers. The proposed paper examines the applicability of the cellular automata model in problems of 2-D elasticity. The focus of the paper is in the use of a genetic algorithm based optimization process to derive the rules for local interaction required in evolving the cellular automata.
Resonant Conversion of Photon Modes Due to Vacuum Polarization in a Magnetized Plasma: Implications for X-Ray Emission from Magnetars

It is known that vacuum polarization can modify the photon propagation modes in the atmospheric plasma of a strongly magnetized neutron star. A resonance occurs when the effect of vacuum polarization on the photon modes balances that of the plasma. We show that a photon (with energy E a few keV) propagating outward in the atmosphere can convert from one polarization mode into another as it traverses the resonant density, ρres Yη-2(B/1014G)2(E/1keV)2 g cm-3, where Ye is the electron fraction and η ~ 1 is a slowly varying function of the magnetic field B. The physics of this mode conversion is analogous to the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein mechanism for neutrino oscillation. Because the two photon modes have vastly different opacities in the atmosphere, this vacuum-induced mode conversion can significantly affect radiative transport and surface emission from strongly magnetized neutron stars.
African American Families’ Expectations and Intentions for Mental Health Services

A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design was used to examine the links among expectations about, experiences with, and intentions toward mental health services. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 32 African American youth/mothers dyads. Content analysis revealed that positive expectations were linked to positive experiences and intentions, that negative expectations were not consistently linked to negative experiences or intentions, nor were ambivalent expectations linked to ambivalent experiences or intentions. Youth were concerned about privacy breeches and mothers about the harmfulness of psychotropic medication. Addressing these concerns may promote African Americans’ engagement in mental health services.
Customer Value Chain Analysis

Customer Value Chain Analysis (CVCA) is an original methodological tool that enables design teams in the product definition phase to comprehensively identify pertinent stakeholders, their relationships with each other, and their role in the product’s life cycle. By performing CVCA, design teams are better able to recognize diverse product requirements and their relative priority when undertaking Product Definition Assessment and using downstream ‘Design for X’ (DfX) tools. This paper discusses the evolution of the CVCA in response to the need for a DfX tool which is able to delineate customer needs early in the product development process. A step-by-step guide clarifies the implementation of CVCA with an example. Three case studies highlight the tool’s broad utility and important features to support design decision making, including: (1) confirmation of the product’s business model, (2) recognition of the critical stakeholders, and (3) clarification of the value proposition to be embedded in the product.
Wage Effects of Trade Reform with Endogenous Worker Mobility

Abstract In this paper, we use a linked employer–employee database from Brazil to evaluate the wage effects of trade reform. With an aggregate (firm-level) analysis of this question, we find that a decline in trade protection is associated with an increase in average wages in exporting firms relative to domestic firms, consistent with earlier studies. However, using disaggregated, employer–employee level data, and allowing for the endogenous assignment of workers to firms due to match-specific productivity, we find that the premium paid to workers at exporting firms is economically and statistically insignificant, as is the differential impact of trade openness on the wages of workers at exporting firms relative to otherwise identical workers at domestic firms. We also find that workforce composition improves systematically in exporting firms, in terms of the combination of worker ability and the quality of worker–firm matches, post-liberalization. These results stand in stark contrast to the findings reported in many earlier studies and underscore the importance of endogenous matching and, more generally, non-random labor market allocation mechanisms, in determining the effects of trade policy changes on wages.
Drugs that target dynamic microtubules: a new molecular perspective.

Microtubules have long been considered an ideal target for anticancer drugs because of the essential role they play in mitosis, forming the dynamic spindle apparatus. As such, there is a wide variety of compounds currently in clinical use and in development that act as antimitotic agents by altering microtubule dynamics. Although these diverse molecules are known to affect microtubule dynamics upon binding to one of the three established drug domains (taxane, vinca alkaloid, or colchicine site), the exact mechanism by which each drug works is still an area of intense speculation and research. In this study, we review the effects of microtubule-binding chemotherapeutic agents from a new perspective, considering how their mode of binding induces conformational changes and alters biological function relative to the molecular vectors of microtubule assembly or disassembly. These “biological vectors” can thus be used as a spatiotemporal context to describe molecular mechanisms by which microtubule-targeting drugs work.
Achievability of nonlinear degrees of freedom in correlatively changing fading channels

A new approach toward the noncoherent communications over the time varying fading channels is presented. In this approach, the relationship between the input signal space and the output signal space of a correlatively changing fading channel is shown to be a nonlinear mapping between manifolds of different dimensions. Studying this mapping, it is shown that using nonlinear decoding algorithms for single input-multiple output (SIMO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, extra numbers of degrees of freedom (DOF) are available. We call them the nonlinear degrees of freedom.
Nonperturbative effects in quarkonia associated with large orders in perturbation theory

We show that the perturbation series for quarkonia energies diverges at large orders. This results in a perturbative ambiguity in the energy that scales as e−2naΛ, where n is the principal quantum number, a is the Bohr radius, and Λ is the QCD scale parameter. This ambiguity is associated with nonperturbative contribution to the energy from distances of order Λ−1 and greater. This contribution is separate from that of the gluon condensate.
Calculating the Lightning Protection System downconductors' grounding resistance at Launch Complex 39B, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

A new Lightning Protection System (LPS) was designed and built at Launch Complex 39B (LC39B), at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, which consists of a catenary wire system (at a height of about 181 meters above ground level) supported by three insulators installed atop three towers in a triangular configuration. Nine downconductors (each about 250 meters long) are connected to the catenary wire system. Each downconductor is connected to a 7.62-meter-radius circular counterpoise conductor with six equally spaced, 6-meter-long vertical grounding rods. Grounding requirements at LC39B call for all underground and aboveground metallic piping, enclosures, raceways, and cable trays, within 7.62 meters of the counterpoise, to be bonded to the counterpoise, which results in a complex interconnected grounding system, given the many metallic piping, raceways, and cable trays that run in multiple directions around LC39B. The complexity of this grounding system makes the fall-of-potential method, which uses multiple metallic rods or stakes, unsuitable for measuring the grounding impedances of the downconductors. To calculate the grounding impedance of the downconductors, an Earth Ground Clamp (EGC), a stakeless device for measuring grounding impedance, and an Alternative Transient Program (ATP) model of the LPS are used. The EGC is used to measure the loop impedance plus the grounding impedance of each downconductor, and the ATP model is used to calculate the loop impedance of each downconductor circuit. The grounding resistance of the downconductors is then calculated by subtracting the ATP-calculated loop impedances from the EGC measurements.