cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF AGE AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE ON AUTONOMIC RESPONSES TO CIRCULATORY STRESS

Publisher Summary There is a growing interest in the role of the autonomic nervous system in circulatory pathophysiology. Studies have shown that the degree of the impairment of certain circulatory reflexes is directly related to the degree of cardiac dysfunction suggesting that autonomic stress testing is clinically useful. Previous studies have indicated that age is also an important determinant of autonomic response; it becomes important, therefore, to separate the changes because of aging from those due to cardiac disease. The chapter provides an overview of autonomic alterations because of aging and coronary heart disease (CHD). There is evidence that to a significant degree, the alterations in autonomic response of stable CHD patients to preload stress are because of the effects of normal aging.
How Economics, Psychology, and Sociology Might Produce a Unified Theory of Fertility and Labour Force Participation

As a result of the sharp declines of the past two decades, aggregate fertility rates in many industrial countries are so low that the twenty-first century will bring negative rates of population growth to those nations of the kind already experienced by, for example, the Federal Republic of Germany. Along with this fertility decline has come a marked increase in labour force participation by married women, especially those with children. In the United States, for example, the labour force participation rate for married women with children under age six rose from 11.9 per cent in 1950 to 49.9 per cent in 1983. Women with school-age children increased their participation rate over the same period from 28.3 per cent to 63.8 per cent (Lehrer and Nerlove, 1986, p. 201).
Trust but Pre-Verify?

Governments should be uncompromising in jointly seeking both information and privacy goals for the data that is in their stewardship. The GAO’s 2001 report on Record Linkage and Privacy places a combined high priority on information gains and privacy issues–and presents this position in contrast to an alternative “zero-sum approach” that conceptualizes privacy and information mainly, or only in terms of, trade-offs. The 2001 GAO report further indicates that the way to achieve a combined high priority (for both information gains and privacy issues) is through an improved “privacy-protection tool box” to insure linkages that preserve privacy:
Operating in a Grantmaking World

Foundations appear in a wide variety of types, legal forms, and sizes, and pursue a broad range of objectives. This makes it hard to get a firm grasp of the institutional form as a whole. Nevertheless, there are some basic commonalities. Foundations can generally be defined as asset-holding entities, usually endowed by a single donor, that are dedicated to charitable or philanthropic causes and have organizational structures to fulfill their objectives. The ways in which goals are pursued allow for a general distinction between operating and grantmaking foundations, the former of which are more actively involved in carrying out the intended activities than the latter. Accordingly, foundations are either restricted to making grants to other agencies, or deliver services directly. The common understanding of foundations is mostly determined by this distinction.
The Flag Follows Trade: Salt, Gold, Slaves and West Africa

I argue that international politics - and globalization in particular - must be understood by tracing their historical development. Many of the present phenomena of 'globalization' have their roots in the expansion of the European state system. Consequently, I undertake a structured, comparative case study analysis of four regions (the Northwest coast of America, the Asante Kingdom of West Africa, Abyssinia, and Japan) and examine how they were absorbed into the expanding European-centered state system. I trace the process of incorporation, and develop a refined model of incorporation, including the development of a 'zone of ignorance' beyond the ‘known’ world which serves as an enabling mechanism for actors promoting incorporating behavior (i.e., exploration, colonization, conquest). In addition to textual analysis, I also use historically contemporary maps to 'operationalize' the stages of systemic expansion. This allows cross-temporal comparison of event-contexts with regard to the incorporation process, without having to 'anchor' the time-frame across cases; one can focus on process rather than era. I argue that significant socio-cultural, political, and economic change occurs upon contact between civilizations, and that these early changes have been largely overlooked in current international relations literature. Quite simply, the rules of the game and the agenda for negotiations are solidified rather early, well before most scholars examine the processes associated with globalization. This case study illustrates that information, myth and misinformation act as mechanisms for systemic expansion. First, this is facilitated precisely because there is a 'zone of ignorance' where possibilities exist for desires to be realized, independent of objective reality; if one thinks there are cities of gold, then that may be enough to undertake the wildest of ventures. Second, high-risk high-return behavior drives early contact. This early contact is often undertaken by actors far from the organizing influence of 'states', and allows otherwise 'irrational' action to proceed. Third, significant state-building occurs prior to incorporation. In fact, states or simulacra thereof often arise precisely because of the incentive-shift, or systemic disturbance, associated with initial contact. Fourth, relative systemic status is a continuously mediated process. Actors in external arenas being incorporated generally have more negotiating leverage early, which declines over time. Finally, traditional views of international systems need revision; a refined world-systems approach offers a more elegant and nuanced means of doing so. Societies, cultures, and civilizations have been clashing for centuries, and an historical context is crucial for understanding present dynamics within the international system. I introduce the notion of 'protoglobalization' as a means of accomplishing this.
Effects of sugarcane aphid herbivory on transcriptional responses of resistant and susceptible sorghum

Sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) outbreaks in sorghum that were first reported in 2013 are now the most significant threat to this crop in all major sorghum production areas in the U.S. The outcomes of interactions between sugarcane aphid and sorghum and thus the severity of the outbreaks depend on sorghum genotype and potentially also on the phenology of sorghum. Mechanisms underlying these interactions are not known, however. Thus, the goal of this research was to characterize transcriptional changes in a commercially available resistant and a susceptible genotype of sorghum at 2- and 6-wk post-emergence exposed to M. sacchari herbivory. The effects of sorghum age and genotype on the daily change in aphid densities were also evaluated in separate greenhouse experiments. A higher number of diffentially expressed genes (DEGs) was recovered from the 2-wk plants exposed to aphid herbivory compared to the 6-wk plants across genotypes. Further, gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated a suite of transcriptional changes in the resistant genotype that were weak or absent in the susceptible sorghum. Specifically, the aphid-resistant genotype exposed to M. sacchari up-regulated several genes involved in defense, which was particularly evident in the 2-wk plants that showed the most robust transcriptional responses. These transcriptional changes in the younger resistant sorghum were characterized by induction of hormone-signaling pathways, pathways coding for secondary metabolites, glutathion metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, the 2-wk resistant plants appeared to compensate for the effects of oxidative stress induced by sugarcane aphid herbivory with elevated expression of genes involved in detoxification. These transcriptional responses were reflected in the aphid population growth, which was significantly faster in the susceptible and older sorghum than in the resistant and younger plants. This experiment provided the first insights into molecular mechanisms underlying lower population growth of M. sacchari on the resistant sorghum genotype. Further, it appears that the younger resistant sorghum was able to mount a robust defense response following aphid herbivory, which was much weaker in the older sorghum. Several pathways and specific genes provide specific clues into the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance to this invasive insect.
Pain and Functional Outcomes After Sacroiliac Joint Injection with Anesthetic and Corticosteroid at Six Months, Stratified by Anesthetic Response and Physical Exam Maneuvers.

Objective To evaluate sacroiliac joint (SIJ) injection outcomes with local anesthetic and corticosteroid. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Single academic medical center. Methods Thirty-four patients referred for SIJ injection with a clinical diagnosis of SIJ pain underwent injections with 1:1 mixture of 2% lidocaine and triamcinolone 40 mg/mL. Pain provocation physical exam (PE) maneuvers were recorded immediately before and after injection. Outcome measures at two to four weeks and six months included pain numeric rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results For the analysis of outcomes by the overall group (not stratified by PE and/or anesthetic block), a 58.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = +/-16.5%) ≥2 NRS reduction, a 32.4% (95% CI = +/-15.7%) ≥50% NRS reduction, and a 38.2% (95% CI = +/-16.3%) ≥30% ODI reduction were observed at two to four weeks, with similar improvements at six months. Outcomes stratified based on pre-injection PE did not reveal significant differences at either time point. The stratification based on the presence of 100% postinjection anesthetic response demonstrated a significant difference at two to four weeks for ≥50% NRS improvement. The true positive/true negative group (TP/TN) stratification demonstrated a significant difference for ≥50% NRS improvement at two to four weeks, whereas six-month outcomes for TP/TN demonstrated significant differences for ≥50% NRS and ≥30% ODI improvement. An increased injection response was observed with stratification of patients more likely to have true SIJ pain (i.e., TP), with TP/TN stratification demonstrating a 75% (95% CI = +/-30.0%) ≥2 NRS improvement and a 62.5% (95% CI = +/-33.5%) improvement of ≥50% NRS and ≥30% ODI for the TP group at two to four weeks, with similar results at six months. Conclusions SIJ steroid injection based on referral clinical diagnosis is unlikely to demonstrate true injection efficacy, and more specific selection criteria are warranted.
Reliable Transmission Scheme Against Security Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Routing protocols in wireless sensor network are vulnerable to various malicious security attacks that can degrade network performance and lifetime. This becomes more important in cluster routing protocols that is composed of multiple node and cluster head, such as low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. Namely, if an attack succeeds in failing the cluster head, then the entire set of nodes fail. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust recovery schemes to overcome security attacks and recover packets at short times. Hence this paper proposes a detection and recovery scheme for selective forwarding attacks in wireless sensor networks using LEACH protocol. The proposed solution features near-instantaneous recovery times, without the requirement for feedback or retransmissions once an attack occurs.
Process structure-based recurrent neural network modeling for model predictive control of nonlinear processes

Abstract In this work, physics-based recurrent neural network (RNN) modeling approaches are proposed for a general class of nonlinear dynamic process systems to improve prediction accuracy by incorporating a priori process knowledge. Specifically, a hybrid modeling method is first introduced to integrate first-principles models and RNN models. Subsequently, a partially-connected RNN modeling method that designs the RNN structure based on a priori structural process knowledge, and a weight-constrained RNN modeling method that employs weight constraints in the optimization problem of the RNN training process are developed. The proposed physics-based RNN models are utilized in model predictive controllers and applied to a chemical process network example to demonstrate their improved approximation performance compared to the fully-connected RNN model that is developed as a black box model.
Quantitative examination of a fundamental assumption in small-angle neutron scattering studies of deformed polymer melts

Abstract It has long been established that the coherent scattering intensity of neutrons by isotropic mixtures of hydrogenous and deuterated polymers of matching molecular weights is, to the first approximation, proportional to the single-chain structure factor of the polymer chain. The validity of this fundamental relation for equilibrium, undeformed polymer melts is well supported by the extensive experimental and theoretical investigations over the past several decades. The generalization of this relation to the case of nonequilibrium, deformed polymer melts, however, is not a trivial one. Despite its widespread usage in small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies of deformed polymer melts, the assumed proportionality between coherent scattering intensity and single-chain structure factor has received very little experimental scrutiny. This work quantitatively examines this issue through spherical harmonic expansion analysis of the anisotropic SANS spectra of deformed polystyrene melts of different levels of deuterium labeling. It is shown that the classical assumption works extremely well over a wide range of scattering wavevectors, where the isotropic component of the SANS spectrum and the leading term of structural anisotropy vary by more than two orders of magnitude.
Mental Skills Training and Resident Surgical Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Objective Mental skills training (MST) in surgical education varies greatly in quality and outcomes. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of MST on surgical trainee performance in simulated and operating room (OR) settings. Design We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for randomized controlled trials using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published in the English language between January 1, 2000 and March 1, 2020 were considered for inclusion. Articles that did not study surgical residents, assess surgical performance as an outcome, or report findings were excluded. Study characteristics, methodologies, and outcomes were qualitatively analyzed. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to measure the quality of the studies, and the Oxford quality scoring system for risk of bias ratings. Results Seven randomized controlled trials met study inclusion criteria; interventions were mental practice, relaxation exercises, action observation, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction. Targeted interventions based on mental practice, relaxation exercises, and MBSR significantly improved surgical performance in four (57%) studies. Risk of bias was low for all included studies, and quality of evidence was moderate for both simulated and OR performance. Conclusions Mental practice, relaxation, and mindfulness training improved simulation and OR performance for surgical residents. There was insufficient evidence to support other MST interventions or the intermediate- and long-term efficacy of MST.
Genetic mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in maize for cell wall components and for resistance to stalk tunneling by the European corn borer

125 Introducrion 126 Materials ana Methods 129 Results and liscusslon 132 References 139 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 149
In vitro Culture with Cytokines Provides a Tool to Assess the Effector Functions of ILC2s in Peripheral Blood in Asthma.

Background Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play crucial roles in type 2 immunity and asthma development. While ILC2s are resident in mucosal tissues, they also circulate in peripheral blood. It remains controversial whether ILC2s are increased in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma. Purpose The goal of this project was to study the effector functions of ILC2s in peripheral blood samples by in vitro culture with cytokines. Patients and methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 11 adult patients with mild asthma and 12 healthy control subjects. The number of peripheral blood ILC2s in PBMCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. PBMCs were cultured with IL-33 and IL-25 without any antigens, and the amounts of type 2 cytokines in cell-free supernatants were analyzed by ELISA. In selected experiments, production of cytokines by ILC2s was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Results In response to either IL-33 or IL-25 stimulation, PBMCs from patients with mild asthma produced larger amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 than PBMCs from healthy control subjects. However, ILC2 numbers or proportions were not significantly different between these two groups. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed production of IL-5 by ILCs when stimulated with IL-33. Conclusion In vitro culture of PBMCs with a cocktail of cytokines, such as either IL-33 or IL-25 plus IL-2, may provide a valuable tool to assess the effector functions of ILC2s and may serve as a biomarker for human asthma.
Pediatric Lung Transplant for Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis: Single Center Experience

Purpose Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare, progressive, restrictive lung disease characterized by hypercarbic respiratory failure. In pediatrics, it has been described in patients with a history of malignancy who have received a bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. It is characterized by pleural thickening, fibrosis, subpleural elastosis, and intraalveolar collagen deposits. Survival is poor and the only therapy is lung transplantation. Little is known about the outcomes after lung transplant for PPFE in pediatric patients. Methods A single-center retrospective chart review of patients that underwent bilateral lung transplant for PPFE between 2010 and 2020 was done. Descriptive and outcomes data were collected and compared to overall survival after lung transplant for our center. Results Nine patients were transplanted for PPFE in the 10-year period. Six were male. The average age at referral for transplant was 12.5 (7 - 16) years. The average at transplant was 13.8 (9 - 16) years. All patients had a history of malignancy; the most common was neuroblastoma (6/9) followed by 1 rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 acute lymphoid leukemia, and 1 acute myeloid leukemia. Seven patients received radiation therapy (non thoracic). Five patients had a history of autologous bone marrow transplantation. The average time from chemotherapy to referral to lung transplant was 9 years (6 - 12). Six patients required donor lung resections. One required delayed chest closure for 48 hours. Currently, 4 patients are alive, 4 deceased, and 1 lost to follow-up due to the transfer of care. The longest surviving patient is 3.7 years post transplant. The median survival after transplantation of the 4 deceased patients was 2.2 (1.3 - 6.3) years. Median survival post lung transplant for any reason is 6.6 years at our center. Conclusion Our experience with PPFE has been reflective of what has been published in the literature. All patients had a previous malignancy. Our limited data indicate worse outcomes compared to our overall center survival. Six patients required donor lung resizing due to the severely restrictive and small thoracic cavity size, resulting in increased morbidity. There is a need for further research to determine if lung transplantation for PPFE is an indicated therapy given the apparent risk of poor outcomes and higher morbidity.
A mixed-methods study of American Millennials' views about celebrity endorsement of foods and beverages.

More than one-third of American Millennial adults have obesity, and a significant amount of their household budget is spent on purchasing energy-dense and nutrient-poor food and beverage products. Consumers' brand awareness and purchasing behaviors are influenced by celebrity credibility measured by trustworthiness, expertise and attractiveness; and celebrity 'fit' between products, brands and consumer' self-image. This empirical mixed-methods study combined Q methodology with questionnaires to explore the shared and distinct viewpoints of demographically diverse Millennial adults about celebrity endorsement of food and beverage products or marketing campaigns in the United States (USA). Millennials (n = 40; aged 26-39 years) sorted photo images (n = 48) of US celebrities associated with branded food and beverage product endorsements on a 9-point normal distribution scale from 'most trusted' (+4) to 'most distrusted' (-4). Participants also completed a 4-item post Q-sort questionnaire to interpret their thoughts during the card sorting process, and a 3-item questionnaire to examine their views about celebrity credibility, 'fit' and multiple brand and product endorsements. Three distinct viewpoints were identified that included: (i) healthy lifestyle champions who trusted celebrities associated with healthy products or campaigns; (ii) female role-model admirers who trusted female celebrities associated with positive social impacts and (ii) African-American celebrity fans who trusted African-American celebrities who endorsed any brand or products. Qualitative analysis of the questionnaire identified the potential negative influence of celebrity endorsement for unhealthy products on Millennials' dietary behaviors. Businesses and organizations should carefully select credible celebrities trusted by Millennials to encourage food and beverage products associated with a healthy diet.
Access pricing in network industries with mixed oligopoly

We characterize optimal regulated access prices in mixed oligopoly network industries where a private, profit-maximizing firm competes against a public enterprise after purchasing an essential input (e.g., network access). Optimal access prices often are lower for the private firm than for the public enterprise, and can be particularly low for a relatively efficient private supplier. In contrast to a private, profit-maximizing input supplier, the regulator reduces the access price charged to a private supplier as it becomes more efficient. The optimal access price for a private firm is the same whether it competes against another private firm or a public enterprise.
Trauma resource pit stop: increasing efficiency in the evaluation of lower severity trauma patients.

Background Overtriage of trauma patients is unavoidable and requires effective use of hospital resources. A 'pit stop' (PS) was added to our lowest tier trauma resource (TR) triage protocol where the patient stops in the trauma bay for immediate evaluation by the emergency department (ED) physician and trauma nursing. We hypothesized this would allow for faster diagnostic testing and disposition while decreasing cost. Methods We performed a before/after retrospective comparison after PS implementation. Patients not meeting trauma activation (TA) criteria but requiring trauma center evaluation were assigned as a TR for an expedited PS evaluation. A board-certified ED physician and trauma/ED nurse performed an immediate assessment in the trauma bay followed by performance of diagnostic studies. Trauma surgeons were readily available in case of upgrade to TA. We compared patient demographics, Injury Severity Score, time to physician evaluation, time to CT scan, hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Comparisons were made using 95% CI for variance and SD and unpaired t-tests for two-tailed p values, with statistical difference, p<0.05. Results There were 994 TAs and 474 TRs in the first 9 months after implementation. TR's preanalysis versus postanalysis of the TR group shows similar mean door to physician evaluation times (6.9 vs. 8.6 minutes, p=0.1084). Mean door to CT time significantly decreased (67.7 vs. 50 minutes, p<0.001). 346 (73%) TR patients were discharged from ED; 2 (0.4%) were upgraded on arrival. When admitted, TR patients were older (61.4 vs. 47.2 years, p<0.0001) and more often involved in a same-level fall (59.5% vs. 20.1%, p<0.0001). Undertriage was calculated using the Cribari matrix at 3.2%. Discussion PS implementation allowed for faster door to CT time for trauma patients not meeting activation criteria without mobilizing trauma team resources. This approach is safe, feasible, and simultaneously decreases hospital cost while improving allocation of trauma team resources. Level of evidence Level II, economic/decision therapeutic/care management study.
Noise-Canceling Headphones and Music Decrease Intraoperative Patient Anxiety During Wide-Awake Hand Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose Wide-awake local anesthesia no-tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery has gained popularity because of its cost savings, safety, favorable outcomes, and high patient satisfaction. However, the wide-awake nature of the technique causes many patients to experience anxiety during the procedure. Nonorthopedic studies have reported the anxiolytic effects of intraprocedural music in a variety of wide-awake medical procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of wearing noise-canceling headphones and listening to music on patient anxiety during WALANT hand surgery. Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained. Patients were randomized to one of the following groups: (1) a headphones group that wore noise-canceling headphones and listened to music (genre of their choice) during the surgery, or (2) a control group that neither wore noise-canceling headphones nor listened to music during surgery. Patient anxiety was assessed on a 10-point visual analog scale before, during, and after surgery. All patients completed an overall experience questionnaire after surgery. Results Fifty patients were enrolled, with 25 in each group. Both the groups were similar in terms of patient characteristics, diagnosed anxiety, and preoperative level of anxiety. The headphones group was found to have significantly less intraoperative anxiety (1.02 vs 2.32, respectively; P = .017) and a significantly greater net decrease in anxiety from the preoperative to intraoperative level (−1.78 vs −0.56, respectively; P = .033) than the control group. In the headphones group, 92% (23/25) of patients stated that they would recommend wearing noise-canceling headphones and listening to music to other WALANT hand surgery patients. All (50/50) patients in both groups reported that they would choose to undergo WALANT hand surgery again if needed for the same problem. Conclusions The use of noise-canceling headphones with music during WALANT hand surgery significantly decreases intraoperative patient anxiety. This intervention represents an effective, safe, and inexpensive nonpharmacologic measure to improve patient anxiety and overall experience with WALANT hand surgery. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic I.
Organic and inorganic zinc in the diet of a commercial strain of diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on performance and mineral retention

Abstract Zinc is an important micro-mineral for finfish required in trace amounts and is involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes. In aquaculture, triploid fish are utilized for their sterility to decrease the risk of genetic pollution to wild populations and for their potential for faster growth. However, to our knowledge there is no information regarding zinc requirements for triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), despite reports from previous studies that mineral requirements may differ. Hence, this study was designed to determine the effects of organic and inorganic zinc on a commercial strain of genetically similar diploid and triploid rainbow Trout. Eleven dietary treatments, including one basal diet (33 mg/kg, Zn33) and 10 experimental diets, supplemented with incremental levels (63, 93, 123, 153 and 183 mg/kg) of inorganic (ZnSO4) and organic (Bioplex® Zn, Alltech) zinc supplemented to the basal diet were fed for 9 weeks (64 days). Twenty-two experimental groups (a unique combination of ploidy, zinc type, and dose level) were run in triplicate, with 11 fish per tank (66 L), with an average starting weight of 53.07 ± 4.35 g. Results showed neither ploidy (diploid vs. triploid) nor type of mineral (organic vs. inorganic) significantly influenced growth parameters. There was a significant interaction between zinc type and dose in diploids for lipid retention, energy retention, and vertebral zinc content. In triploids, there was a significant interaction between zinc type and dose for lipid, energy and protein retention, and vertebral zinc content. In conclusion, numerical data suggest that organic Zn requirement is lower than inorganic Zn in triploid trout, recommended requirement of inorganic Zn is 123 mg/kg whereas organic Zn is 63 mg/kg diet. The results showed that interactions between type of zinc and dose had a significant effect on nutrient retention, representing a potential for increased capacity to utilize feed ingredients.
Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion is a simple, safe, office cosmetic procedure in which aluminum oxide crystals or other abrasive substances are blown onto the face, then vacuumed off, using a single handpiece. This procedure has rapidly become widely utilized for a variety of cosmetic objectives, including the improvement of photoaging, hyperpigmentation, acne, scars and stretch marks. Despite its widespread use, little is known about its actual mechanism of action. The few published studies suggest that patients and physicians alike report a mild benefit when microdermabrasion is utilized for photoaging. Histologic evaluation reveals little actual abrasion of the skin with the procedure, yet changes are seen in the dermis. Given the safety, simplicity and patient satisfaction associated with microdermabrasion, it is likely to remain a popular treatment.
Incidence of thrombotic complications related to weight-based dosing of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) for reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban in obese patients.

Factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity (aPCC) is recommended as a non-specific reversal agent for direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) guidelines for reversal of anticoagulation. Factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity carries a black box warning for thrombotic events such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and myocardial infarction, particularly at high doses. This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort investigation that included patients who received a weight-based dose of aPCC for reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Patients were grouped by BMI as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) or non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) for analysis. The primary outcome of this investigation was the occurrence of thrombotic complications [venous thromboembolism (VTE), myocardial infarction, stroke] documented in the medical record at any point during hospitalization after administration of aPCC. Secondary outcomes included bleeding complications, in-hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay. Patients in the obese group were younger [76.4 years (SD +/− 11.3 years) vs. 69.6 years (SD +/− 12.4 years); p < 0.0001] and a higher proportion had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus prior to admission [37 (19.2%) vs. 35 (36.8%); p = 0.0011]. There was no difference in the primary outcome of thrombotic events between non-obese and obese patients [12 (6.2%) vs. 5 (5.3%); p = 0.75], or for any of the secondary outcomes of bleeding, in-hospital mortality or length of stay. This investigation did not reveal a difference in rates of thrombosis or bleeding events between obese and non-obese patients who received aPCC for reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban.
Patterns of moisture source and climate variability in the southeastern United States: a four-century seasonally resolved tree-ring oxygen-isotope record

This study presents a climate reconstruction utilizing a seasonally resolved 417-year oxygen-isotope record of tree rings from southern Georgia, United States (1580–1997 CE). Oxygen isotopes within the cellulose predominately reflect moisture source observed on a seasonal scale between earlywood and latewood growth. Signatures of large climate oscillations were captured in modern and subfossil wood. Spectral and wavelet transform analyses of seasonally resolved oxygen isotopes showed distinct periodicities coinciding with the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and other major climate oscillation phenomena. Oxygen-isotope values in latewood growth revealed a significant correlation with North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies. This correlation suggests that the precipitation source was strongly influenced by fluctuations in the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and teleconnections with other major climate phenomena such as the North Atlantic subtropical high-pressure system, El Nino Southern Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. These results emphasize the utility of oxygen isotopes in tree rings for revealing seasonal influences associated with major climate drivers over centuries and enhance our understanding of long-term climate behavior on a detailed scale.
Structure and function of fatty acids

Fatty acids are monocarbonic acids with chain lengths between 2 and 26. Most fatty acids in plants and animals have an even carbon number and no branching. One or more double bonds may occur, mostly in cis configuration. More than 40 different fatty acids are commonly encountered in foods. Fat has the highest energy contents of all macronutrients, providing about 9 kcal/g. Complete oxidation depends on thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B 12, biotin, pantothenate, Camitine, ubiquinone, iron, and magnesium. Specific types of fatty acids are needed for hormonal action and cell signaling, structural compounds, and the modification of proteins and many other molecules. Meats and oils contribute most of the fat in foods. Oils, and hydrogenated plant fats and animal fats are used extensively in mixed dishes, baked goods, and snacks. Fatty acids are broken down through a diversity of pathways in at least three different organelle compartments. Beta-oxidation in mitochondria is the main fate of straight-chain fatty acids with 18 or fewer carbons. Peroxisomes take care of the more unusual fatty acids, such as those with more than 18 carbons. At least two different alpha-oxidation pathways also operate in peroxisomes, one for phytanic acid and a different one for long-chain hydroxy acids, such as cerebronic acid. Normally neither free fatty acids nor fatty acid-containing compounds are excreted via urine. Excretion with bile is minimal, mainly as a component of phospholipids that are readily reabsorbed from the small intestinal lumen. Thus, almost no fatty acid is lost from the body once it has been absorbed.
Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth, carcass characteristics, and accretion rates of carcass tissues in growing-finishing swine.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on growth performance, carcass composition, and tissue accretion rates in pigs from 27 to 109 kg BW. Seven littermate sets of Yorkshire-Hampshire barrows, individually penned, were fed a fortified, corn-soybean meal basal diet (.95% lysine from 27 to 55 kg; .80% lysine from 55 to 109 kg) supplemented with 0 or 200 micrograms/kg of Cr from CrP. Addition of CrP increased (P < .09) ADG but did not affect ADFI or feed:gain ratio. Average and 10th rib backfat and longissimus muscle area were not affected by Cr supplementation. The right side of the carcass was physically dissected into muscle, fat, bone, and skin. Additionally, five pigs were killed for determination of initial body composition. Dietary CrP addition increased (P < .02) the percentage of muscle and decreased (P < .06) the percentage of fat. Total gain of dissected bone and skin were not different between treatments, but CrP increased (P < .06) the total gain of dissected muscle and decreased (P < .02) the total gain of dissected fat. Also, CrP increased the daily accretion rates of muscle (P < .05) and bone (P < .03) and decreased the daily accretion rate of fat (P < .05). The left side of the carcass was ground for determination of water, protein, lipid, and ash. The addition of CrP to the diet increased the percentage (P < .09) and accretion rate (P < .09) of water and increased the percentage (P < .004), total gain (P < .02), and accretion rate (P < .02) of protein while decreasing (P < .04) the percentage of lipid. Pigs fed CrP also had a decreased (P < .004) percentage of lipid in the dissected carcass muscle. Water, protein, and ash from the dissected muscle were not different between treatments. These results suggest that CrP supplementation throughout the entire growing-finishing phase increases the total gain and accretion rate of muscle while decreasing the total gain and accretion rate of fat. This results in carcasses with an increased percentage of muscle and decreased percentage of fat.
Nano-origami: Art and function

Summary Nanostructured origami is rapidly transitioning from an elegant technique to fabricate exquisite structures to a platform for integrating novel functionality into crystalline nanomembranes. Nanomembranes, with mechanical properties of typical sheets, can be bent, rolled, and twisted, to return to their original shape, while maintaining their single-crystal nature. The field has advanced from semiconductor bilayer microtubes 15 years ago to quite complex 3D kirigami and origami shapes that demonstrate the potential of 3D devices with unique electronic, optoelectronic, or electromagnetic function.
Significance of objects in the perirhinal cortex

The perirhinal cortex is known to play a role in recognition memory and visual perception of objects. A recent single-unit recording study adds to our understanding of perirhinal cortex function, suggesting that it may also play a role in evaluating the significance of objects in a context-dependent manner.
Tsunami Refraction Diagrams by Digital Computer

Important wave parameters to be considered for tsunami model studies are wave height, period, and orientation. The first two of these parameters can be determined by marigraphic measurements or by visual observations; however, wavefront, orientation, which is an important variable in the construction and operation of a hydraulic model, has never been accurately observed at the problem site (Crescent City, California). A digital computer program was written to plot wave rays from tsunami sources to obtain tsunami-front orientations in the Crescent City area. The refraction diagrams are checked by comparing the computed and actual arrival times of the initial wave fronts. The actual arrival times were obtained from recording tide stations at Crescent City and Hilo, Hawaii. Initial wave-front orientations near the earthquake epicenter are either assumed or taken from the literature. The computer program has been successfully tested against a closed form solution for the refraction around a selected island shape. The technique also compensates for the distorted picture of the earth’s surface as presented on a Mercator projection of that surface.
Immersion Lithographic Patterning of Electrospun Nanofibers for Carbon Nanofibrous Microelectrode Arrays

Immersion photolithography of electrospun SU-8 nanofibers followed by carbonization has been demonstrated for 3-D carbon nanofibrous microelectrodes. The process and resultant structures offer unique advantages: 1) precise patterning of nanofibrous microstructures via refractive index matching immersion photolithography; 2) good cell/neuron adhesion characteristic of the resultant scaffold attributed to nanomorphology in 100’s nanometer scale; 3) high electrical conductivity of the carbonous microelectrodes appropriate for neural stimulation and signal detection; and 4) biocompatibility of the carbon nanofibers. Immiscible refractive index matching liquid, such as oil ( ${n} _{\mathrm {oil}}=1.47$ ), has been applied to the nonhomogeneous nanofiber stack consisting of SU-8 nanofibers ( $n_{\mathrm {SU-8}}=1.67$ ) and air ( $n_{\mathrm {air}}=1$ ) before ultraviolet light exposure, which greatly suppresses optical diffraction and scattering effects, resulting in high aspect ratio 3-D nanofibrous microstructures and enhanced patterning resolution. The aspect ratio of the fabricated 3-D structures is increased from 0.26 to 0.89 and the contrast ratio from 0.56 to 0.96, compared with ones from the nonimmersion process. Ray tracing simulation taking into account diffraction effects in nanofibrous media has been discussed. Microelectrode arrays consisting of integrated nanofibers and thin-film carbon structures are implemented for in vitro neuron culture experiments. Experimental results of structure’s surface roughness, electrical conductivity, and cell viability on them are detailed. [2014-0160]
MPMAP : A high level synthesis and mapping tool for MPSoCs

The design of efficient multiprocessor systems on chip (MPSoC) is a daunting challenge. This challenge is driven by the increasing demand in achieving high performance, low power, and reconfigurable applications onto the same platform. As a consequence, there is an emerging need for fast, and efficient design space exploration, while providing abstract models for a wide range of applications, and types of processing units (PUs). Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for a fast MPSoC generation with joint task and core mapping with the objective of minimizing the average power consumption. The proposed framework considers the static, dynamic, reconfiguration and communication power components. A tool for high level MPSoC task and core mapping (MPMAP) is built based on the proposed framework. MPMAP provides a flexible XML interface that provides a high level description of the different PU architectures, and different applications scenarios. Additionally, the paper presents a case study of real-life applications that can be adopted in future heterogeneous wireless systems.
ADaPting to Energetic Stress

The movement of muscles, the repolarization of neuronal membranes, and the synthesis of cellular building blocks such as proteins and lipids are powered by energy derived from the hydrolysis of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). Each day, these processes lead to the turnover of 40 kg of ATP in the average adult human being. ATP is indispensable for life, and sophisticated mechanisms for assessing cellular energy status have evolved and been conserved across all eukaryotes. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)–activated protein kinase (AMPK; SNF1 in yeast) is a key enzyme that regulates cell energetics. As the name suggests, AMP has long been believed to be the specific metabolite regulating AMPK activity. Oakhill et al. on page 1433 in this issue ( 1 ) and a recent report by Xiao et al. ( 2 ) propose an alternative model in which the concentration of intracellular adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) signals the energy status of the cell to AMPK, prompting reevaluation of the pathways that govern adaptation to energetic stress.
The Prevalence and Treatment Needs of Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorders

A cross-sectional study of prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements, muscle disorders, and associated TM signs and symptoms was completed on 269 female nursing students. The prevalence of specific stages of internal derangements of the TMJ and muscle disorders was estimated, using established diagnostic criteria. The levels of dysfunction and symptomatology associated with each diagnosis were estimated with previously established indexes. When subjects with symptoms were asked if they had previous treatment for a TMJ problem, 6.7% responded positively. When subjects with symptoms who had not had treatment were asked why they had not sought treatment, most responded that it was not a problem or they could live with the symptoms. Thus, most subjects with clinically detectable dysfunction are functioning adequately without significant symptoms and do not need treatment.
Relative intensities for the arc spectra of seventy elements

Abstract The relative intensities, or radiant powers, of 39,000 spectral lines with wavelengths between 2000 and 9000 A have been determined on a uniform energy scale for seventy chemical elements. This was done by mixing 0·1 at. per cent of each element in powdered copper, pressing the powder mixture to form solid electrodes which were burned in a 10-A, 220-V d.c. arc, and photographing the spectra with a stigmatic concave grating while a step-sector was rotating in front of the slit. The sectored spectrograms facilitated the estimation of intensities of all element lines relative to copper lines which were then calibrated on an energy scale provided by standardized lamps, and all estimated line intensities were finally adjusted to fit this calibration. Comparisons with other intensity measurements in individual spectra indicate that the spectralline intensities may have errors of 20 per cent, but they first of all provide uniform quantitative values for the seventy chemical elements commonly determined by spectrochemists. The complete data are being published as a National Bureau of Standards Monograph. About 1100 of the lines are presented in this paper as a list of the strong lines of each element. Energy levels and term combinations are given for each classified line.
A Dinoflagellate with Characters of Gymnodinium and Gyrodinium

SYNOPSIS. An organism was isolated which in the first instance appeared to be Gymnodinium mirabile and in subsequent cultures took on characteristics similar to those of Gyrodinium fissum. It is not known at present whether the pleomorphism exhibited by this strain is frequent among the naked flagellates, but this finding raises the question of whether naked dinoflagellates can be identified by examination of collected samples, whether living or preserved, or whether culture studies are necessary for all such identifications.
GMM tests for the Katz family of distributions

Generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to develop tests for discriminating discrete distributions among the two-parameter family of Katz distributions. Relationships involving moments are exploited to obtain identifying and over-identifying restrictions. The asymptotic relative efficiencies of tests based on GMM are analyzed using the local power approach and the approximate Bahadur efficiency. The paper also gives results of Monte Carlo experiments designed to check the validity of the theoretical findings and to shed light on the small sample properties of the proposed tests. Extensions of the results to compound Poisson alternative hypotheses are discussed.