cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract T MP100: Improving Timeliness of TPA Administration: Re-vamping Emergency Department Processes to Decrease Door to Needle Times

Introduction: Time to neuroimaging is one of the critical measures for fast thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). While many aim to give IV tPA under 60 minutes from hospital arrival (door-to-needle or DTN), every minute of delay decreases the chances of good outcomes. Following previous reports, we established a streamlined triage system (STS) for all out-of-hospital stroke alerts and report on the initial experience of this new system and its effect on DTN. Methods: We included all AIS with last known well (LKW) under 2 hours who were treated with IV tPA from 11/2012 to 06/2014 at our facilities. We excluded telestroke or patients who were transferred to us, implemented STS on November 01, 2013 and analyzed time to CT (start of the exam) and DTN for patients before (group 1) after (Group 2) that date, using the UCSD GetWithTheGuidelines® data set. STS includes rapid triage on the EMS stretcher in the ED to assess patient safety for immediate transfer by EMS to CT, without a detailed neurological assessment. Previously patients were roomed in the ED first and received a triage including a neurological exam. We assessed treatment times, ED arrival to CT (DTC) and DTN for each Group and assessed serious neurological and medical complications (episodes of increased intracranial pressure, cardiac or respiratory arrest) in radiology before and after STS. We used unpaired t-test for comparing means (continuous variables). Results: A total of 36 patients received IV tPA (Group 1: 22, Group 2: 14). Mean (±SD) times (minutes) for DTC was 15.9(7.3) versus 11.5(6.5) (NS), for DTN 62.6(17.7) versus 53.8(19.6) (NS). We saw no serious complication before or after STS. Conclusions: Our streamlined stroke triage is safe and we aim to continue our analysis to identify additional opportunities for shorten treatment times. Expanding STS to include all stroke patients may further shorten DTN.
LCD technology and its application

In the history of Liquid Crystal Displays, whenever the market growth is reduced by economic depression, the technology transferred from the old to the new. The new application product has created new demand, and as a result the market has been repeatedly expanded. For further expansion of LCD market, the emergence of new key technology is expected like a low temperature poly-Si technology. The liquid crystal technology and its application product are forecast.
Dry etching trends in flat panel display processing

Summary form only given, as follows. Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display (AMLCD) market is projected to quadruple in size by the next millennium. Within the last year, the flat panel display (FPD) marketplace has been very dynamic and the product requirements are evolving rapidly towards larger size, higher resolution, lower power consumption and at ever lower price targets. These market forces are driving FPD process technology innovations at a breathtaking pace. For FPD processing, dry etching is in an analogous position to that in IC processing back in the early 80s when the industry was posed to make the transition from wet to dry etch. Up to now, dry etching has only seen widespread manufacturing applications in Si and SiN processing. Within the last year, both Applied Komatsu Technology (AKT) and Lam Research (LRC) have introduced next generation FPD dry etch cluster tools. These tools offer improved process characteristics and enhanced capability that present many new opportunities to apply dry etching to FPD processing. In the next couple of years, dry etching will be a key enabler for architectural innovation. In the paper, these new dry etch processes and their applications in FPD display are reviewed.
Vocabulary Mapping for Terminology Services

The paper describes a project to add value to controlled vocabularies by making inter-vocabulary associations. A methodology for mapping terms from one vocabulary to another is presented in the form of a case study applying the approach to the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Thesaurus and the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). Our approach to mapping involves encoding vocabularies according to Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) standards, machine matching of vocabulary terms, and categorizing candidate mappings by likelihood of valid mapping. Mapping data is then stored as machine links. Vocabularies with associations to other schemes will be a key component of Web-based terminology services. The paper briefly describes how the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) is used to provide access to a vocabulary with mappings.
Use of ultrasound scanning and body condition score to evaluate composition traits in mature beef cows

The experiment was designed to validate the use of ultrasound to evaluate body composition in mature beef cows. Both precision and accuracy of measurement were assessed. Cull cows (n = 87) selected for highly variable fatness were used. Two experienced ultrasound technicians scanned and assigned BCS to each cow on 2 consecutive days. Ultrasound traits were backfat thickness (UBFT), LM area (ULMA), body wall thickness (UBWT), rump fat depth (URFD), rump muscle depth (URMD), and intramuscular fat (UIMF; %). Cows were then harvested. Carcass traits were HCW, backfat thickness (CBFT), LM area (CLMA), body wall thickness (CBWT), and marbling score (CMS). Correlations between consecutive live measurements were greatest for subcutaneous fat (r > 0.94) and lower for BCS (r > 0.74) and URMD (r > 0.66). Repeatability bias differed from 0 for only 1 technician for URMD and UIMF (P 0.90) and slightly less for intramuscular fat and LM area (r = 0.74 to 0.79). Both technicians underestimated all carcass traits with ultrasound, but only CBFT and CBWT prediction bias differed from 0 (P 0.05). Technician effects generally explained 7 were removed, the portion of remaining variation between repeated measurements defined by animal effects increased for most traits and was significant for UBFT and URFD (P = 0.03). Technician effects explained trivial variation in accuracy (P > 0.24). Animal effects explained 87.2, 75.2, and 81.7% (P < 0.0001) of variation remaining for CBFT, CLMA, and CBWT prediction error, respectively, and remained large and highly important (P < 0.0001) when only considering cows with BCS from 4 to 7. We conclude that experienced ultrasound technicians can precisely and accurately measure traits indicative of composition in mature beef cows. However, animal differences define substantial variation in scan differences and, especially, prediction errors. Implications for technician certification, carcass pricing, and genetic evaluation are discussed.
Radioprotection against cataract formation by WR-77913 in gamma-irradiated rats.

Abstract Protection by WR-77913 against radiation-induced cataract formation in rats was observed following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of drug (1160 mg/kg) 15–30 min before exposure to 15.3 Gy of Cs-137 whole head irradiation. Control groups included irradiated, non-protected animals, and sham-irradiated aging controls. Protection was documented photographically and by analysis of eye lens constituents. All non-protected irradiated animals developed dense cataracts throughout the lens between 90–120 days post-irradiation, while WR-77913 protected animals developed minimal lens opacification through 200 days post-irradiation. No opacification in aging controls was seen. Lens protein analysis by Lowry assay and size exclusion HPLC showed radioprotected and aging control animals were similar in protein content, distribution of total and soluble protein, and degree of lens hydration. This contrasted significantly with cataractous lenses of non-protected animals. In cataractous lenses, the soluble protein concentration in the 25–43 K dalton range was approximately 10% of that found in radioprotected or aging control lenses. Hydration was substantially higher in cataractous lens. These results indicate that WR-77913 protects against lens opacification, protein insolubilization, and hydration in lenses of irradiated animals. Biodistribution studies with [S-35]-WR-77913 showed ocular uptake of drug within 15 minutes after i.p. injection, which remained relatively constant through 60 min. The relative order of drug concentration for individual eye components was: globe > total eye ≅ humor > lens. Although the mechanism of radioprotection observed remains to be elucidated, WR-77913 clearly prevents radiation-induced cataracts in rats. The potentially significant clinical use for this radioprotective compound is being investigated further.
Preliminary tribological evaluation of nanostructured diamond coatings against ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

Background Some loss of joint prostheses has been attributed to osteolytic phenomena leading to loosening and associated with debris from wear of polyethylene articulating against metal alloys. Reduced polyethylene wear has been reported with ceramics serving as an alternative counterface.
The origins of violence in Mexican society

Preface Introduction The Rise of the Aztec State The Aztec Social Formation in the Later Empire Warfare in Aztec Mexico Forced Labor in Aztec Mexico Legal Sanctions in Aztec Mexico Aztec Human Sacrifice and the Politics of Fear Spain and the World Economy Warfare in the Age of the Conquistador Forced Labor in Conquest Mexico Legal Sanctions in Conquest Mexico The Heritage of Violence in Mexico References
Distributed sensing and probing with multiple search agents: toward system-level landmine detection solutions

The problem of landmine detection has been studied for decades. Mine detection systems have typically been developed by first identifying a sensor technology, then testing on particular manmade testbeds, then deploying the sensor on a vehicle or manportable device. Despite much effort, current systems still exhibit gaps between existing and desired capability, e.g., in terms of rate of advance, detection rate, and false alarm rate within demonstration testbeds. In this paper, we propose a new system-level approach to landmine detection. We argue that 'the landmine detection problem' cannot be attacked in a piecewise fashion: system-level solutions must simultaneously consider functional requirements, sensor technologies, models of sensors, the method of sensor application, and the platforms from which sensors are applied. This perspective allows us to shift our focus from the previous emphasis on novel sensor technology, and to go somewhat beyond traditional doctrines governing standoff or manportable detection. We first propose a new theory of geometric sensing and probing in the mine detection context. Specifically, we propose new formulations of 'object identification by probing' which correspond to various sensing modalities. We demonstrate that multiple agents can achieve probe classes that are not serializable for emulation by a single probe agent. With this in mind, our second main contribution lies in proposing a new paradigm for landmine detection, based on (i) close-in observation with simple spectra, and (ii) small, inexpensive, networkable robotic sensing platforms which can act in a cooperative fashion to implement powerful multi-agent probing strategies.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Internal Fixation of Osteochondritis Dissecans in the Knee

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) often requires rigid fixation to promote healing. Whether through an arthroscopic or open approach, the basic principles of fixation remain including anatomic reduction, restoration of cartilage congruity, rigid fixation, and enhancement of the blood supply to the lesion. Internal fixation of OCD has evolved through the years with the development of newer methods of fixation. Early fixation was accomplished through the use of wires, which had the potential to bend and break or migrate, often provided little compression, and eventually had to be removed with a second operation. Later AO and cannulated screws provided the advantage of compression and they could be placed antegrade or retrograde but, like wires, eventually had to be removed. Variable-pitch screws have many of the benefits of standard screws, including compression of the lesion and cannulated options. However, they are headless and can be countersunk in the lesion, obviating the need for removal most of the time. Finally, bioabsorbable implants including nails, pins, and variable-pitch screws provide low-profile designs, bioabsorbable properties, compression of the lesion, and decrease in stress shielding of the lesion. An early reported complication of reactive synovitis has been less common with newer polymers and generally resolves with aspiration. This article discusses the options for internal fixation of OCD lesions.
p16 expression in psoriatic lesions following therapy with propylthiouracil, an antithyroid thioureylene.

Plaque formation is a characteristic finding in patients with psoriasis and reflects cytokine-induced keratinocyte proliferation and/or impaired apoptosis of keratinocytes. Antithyroid thioureylenes such as propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI) are effective in the treatment of plaque psoriasis. Following PTU and MMI treatment, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression is significantly reduced, suggesting that these medications have an antiproliferative effect. p16 is an antiapoptotic protein that is present in relative abundance in psoriatic plaques and is believed to play a potential role in the persistent senescence and impaired apoptosis of the keratinocytes in the plaque. This study examined p16 expression in biopsy samples of eight patients with plaque psoriasis given 300 mg of propylthiouracil in divided doses for 3 months. Despite significant clinical and histological improvement with PTU treatment, p16 expression was essentially unchanged, suggesting that the beneficial effect of PTU in psoriasis is not mediated through a decrease in p16 expression. The effect of PTU on other antiapoptotic proteins such as bcl-x L remains to be determined.
Structural and mechanical characterization of Cr-Ta-N hard coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering

Abstract The tribological and mechanical properties of hard coating materials may be improved through alloying. In this study, Cr-N coatings are alloyed with Ta and the resulting structure and mechanical properties were studied. Cr-Ta-N coatings with a range of Ta concentrations were deposited on oxidized silicon substrates in a reactive Ar + N 2 atmosphere by using a d.c. magnetron sputtering unit. Pure Cr-N and Ta-N films were also deposited for comparison purposes. The composition and structure of the coatings were evaluated by electron microprobe analyzer and X-ray diffraction respectively. The hardness and elastic moduli of the coatings were measured by nanoindentation as a function of composition and nitrogen partial pressure.
Ion beam analysis of hydrogen retained in carbon nanotubes and carbon films

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied as a possible hydrogen storage medium for future energy needs. Typically, hydrogen is stored in the CNTs by exposure of the material to a high-pressure H2 atmosphere at different temperatures. The maximum hydrogen concentrations stored following this method and measured using ion beam analysis do not exceed 1 wt.%. Introduction of defects by ion irradiation (i.e. implantation) prior to high-pressure H2 treatment, offers an alternative method to activate H adsorption and enhance the chemisorption of hydrogen. This is a preliminary work where hydrogen was introduced into single-wall nanotubes and carbon films by low-energy (13.6 keV) hydrogen ion implantation. Elastic recoil detection was used to measure the quantity and depth distribution of hydrogen retained in the carbonaceous materials. Results show that there are substantial differences in the measured profiles between the CNT samples and the vitreous carbon. On another hand, only ∼43% of the implanted hydrogen in the CNTs is retained in the region where it should be located according to the SRIM simulations for a solid carbon sample.
Mixed Free and Forced Convection From a Short Vertical Cylinder Placed in a Laminar Horizontal Flow

Determination de l'influence de la convection naturelle sur le coefficient de transfert de chaleur pour un cylindre chauffe verticalement, place dans un ecoulement croise. Etude pour des nombres de Grashof de 10 6 a 10 8 et des nombres de Reynolds de 500 a 30000. Introduction de la convection naturelle pure. Obtention de la distribution de pression
Creating closeness: Discerning and measuring strategies for fostering closer relationships

This project examined the strategies people use to create closeness in personal relationships and developed a measure of closeness that can be coupled with a measure of distance to provide a measure of affiliation (degree of closeness and distance in a relationship) that incorporates both closeness and distance. Study 1 used a factor analysis of tactics people can utilize to create closeness and found three underlying strategies: openness, attention, and involvement. Studies 2 and 3 tested the items for psychometric adequacy as an index of closeness, using both student and nonstudent samples. The items performed satisfactorily. Together, these studies clarify the strategies people use to enhance closeness in relationships, and they offer a useful measure of affiliation.
Nucleosides. 117. Synthesis of 4‐oxo‐8‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐3H‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]‐1,3,5‐triazine (OPTR) via 3‐amino‐2N‐carbamoyl‐4‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)pyrazole (ACPR) derivatives

Reaction of 2-formyl-2-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-trityl-D-ribofuranosyl)acetonitrile (VII) with semicarbazide hydrochloride followed by sodium ethoxide treatment afforded an α,β-mixture of 3-amino-2N-carbamoyl-4-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-trityl-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole (IX). Conversion of IX to 4-oxo-8-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-trityl-D-ribofuranosyl)-3H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine (XIII) was achieved by treatment of IX with ethylorthoformate. The β-isomer IXb gave only the β-isomer XIIIb, and the α-isomer IXa was converted exclusively into the α-isomer XIIIa. Upon deprotection with 3% n-butanolic hydrogen chloride, both IXa and IXb gave the same mixture of the α- and β-isomers of 3-amino-2N-carbamoyl-4-(D-ribosyl)pyrazole, which were separated by chromatography. The syntheses of the hitherto unknown compounds, 3-amino-2N-carbamoylpyrazole (IVa) and its 4-methyl analog (IVb) are also reported. Experimental details of the synthesis of 3-amino-4-(2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-trityl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrazole (XIIb), an important intermediate for “purine-like” C-nucleosides, are also described.
The distortion of teaching and testing: High‐stakes testing and instruction

(1988). The distortion of teaching and testing: High‐stakes testing and instruction. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 65, About Teachers and Teaching, pp. 29-46.
Footprints of the (Nearly) Perfect Liquid

Abstract In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the system has gone through a series of evolution, almost at every stage of its evolution it leaves behind footprints in flow observable. Those footprints contain valuable information of the bulk property of the (nearly) perfect liquid. By examing footprints of the nearly perfect liquid, we address a few important issues, including the ideal hydrodynamic limit, estimation of η / s , testing the Number of Constituent Quark scaling at low energy, in small system, at large transverse momentum, and in forward region. Future prospect of flow study is discussed.
Efficient Query Processing with Reduced Implicate Tries

The goal of knowledge compilation is to enable fast queries. Prior approaches had the goal of small (i.e., polynomial in the size of the initial knowledge bases) compiled knowledge bases. Typically, query---response time is linear, so that the efficiency of querying the compiled knowledge base depends on its size. In this paper, a target for knowledge compilation called the ri-trie is introduced; it has the property that even if the knowledge bases are large, they nevertheless admit fast queries. Specifically, a query can be processed in time linear in the size of the query regardless of the size of the compiled knowledge base.
Yield Potential of Soybean Grown under a Subirrigation/Drainage Water Management System

Combination subsurface irrigation/drainage systems to manage water (add or remove) on poorly drained soils is a relatively new concept in the humid Midwest. The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield potential of a subirrigation/drainage system, when used in combination with a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production system with known high yield potential, on a poorly drained soil at Wooster, OH. The water table was maintained on a Ravenna silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aeric Fragiuqualfs) by subirrigation at an average depth of 39 cm (...)
Facilitating Face-to-Face Communication in High-Tech Teams

OVERVIEW:Despite the increasing use of electronically mediated methods for team communications, research continues to underline the importance of face-to-face (F2F) communication for the successful accomplishment of complex, high-tech team tasks. Although a crucial aspect of F2F communication is the physical proximity of team members, studies that have explored the relationship between the design of the physical workplace and F2F communication have produced conflicting findings. This paper reports the results of a field study conducted at two RD the results suggest that the typical space planning solution of simply moving people from closed offices to open cubicles does not in and of itself increase F2F communication. Rather, the level of F2F communication depends on the location of team members' workstations within the overall configuration of the space and the amount of space provided to support collaboration opportunities, including both...
Probability bounds and asymptotic properties of error propagation

Abstract An Ito type differential equation is given for the description of accumulated round-off error behavior in integration of systems of ordinary first order differential equations. By a convenient scale transformation sharp boundaries can be gotten for the probability of maximum error. The method used is connected with the estimates of nonexit probabilities of a Wiener process to moving boundary.
Doppler Ankle Pressure and Reactive Hyperemia in the Diagnosis of Arterial Insufficiency

The determination of ankle blood pressure (ABP) with the ultrasonic Doppler flow detector has been useful in the diagnosis of arterial insufficiency [5-71. Definitive ranges of ABP correlate well with the symptoms of claudication, pain, and necrosis in the presence of occlusive disease. By contrast, when the lesion is one of stenosis, unexpectedly high resting ABP may frequently be noted in the presence of severe claudication [2]. After reconstruction, relief of claudication may occur without an increase in the resting ABP. In order to improve the diagnostic value of ABP determination in stenotic lesions, studies were performed during a period of reactive hyperemia consequent to thigh occlusion.
Expired Carbon Monoxide Levels in Self-Reported Smokers and Nonsmokers in Prison

Breath carbon monoxide (CO) is a convenient, widely used method for abstinence validation, with cutoffs of 8-10 ppm commonly employed. The goal of the present study was to determine an appropriate CO cutoff to differentiate nonsmokers and smokers within a large sample (N = 374) of female prisoners incarcerated at a correctional facility in Virginia. Mean age of the population was 34.5 years, 49.2% were White, and 29% had less than a high school education. Smoking prevalence was 74.1% within the prison population. Examination of CO levels versus smoking self-report using a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that a CO cutoff of 3 ppm resulted in the best sensitivity (98.1%) and specificity (95.8%). Overall ROC area under the curve was 99% (95% CI = 98.2%-99.9%). This same cutoff was optimal for smoking subgroups including Black and light (<10 cigarettes/day) smokers. Results suggest that CO cutoffs higher than 3 ppm may misclassify some smokers as nonsmokers and underestimate the prevalence of smoking.
Maximum-entropy method for analytic continuation of quantum Monte Carlo data

An outstanding problem in the simulation of condensed-matter phenomena is how to obtain dynamical information. We consider the numerical analytic continuation of imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo data to obtain real-frequency spectral functions. This is an extremely ill-posed problem similar to the inversion of a Laplace transform. We suggest an image-reconstruction approach, which has been widely applied to data analysis in experimental research. Specifically, we apply the maximum-entropy method (ME) to the analytic continuation of quantum Monte Carlo data. We report encouraging preliminary results for the Fano-Anderson model of an impurity state in a continuum. The incorporation of additional prior information, such as sum rules and asymptotic behavior, can be expected to significantly improve results. We compare (ME) to alternative methods. We also discuss statistical error propagation for the analytic continuation problem via the likelihood function, which is independent of the choice of image-reconstruction method. This includes the sensitivity of the data to structure in the spectral function, the optimization of Monte Carlo simulations, and how to incorporate covariance in the statistical errors of the Monte Carlo method.
Isolation and characterization of N- and O- glycosidic carbohydrate units of human chorionic gonadotropin

Abstract The detailed structures of the carbohydrate moiety of hCG have been determined. The structural analyses were carried out on all four asparagine-linked glycopeptides as well as serine-linked carbohydrate chains. The glycopeptides were prepared from the tryptic hydrolysates of the reduced-S-carboxamidomethyl hCG-α and hCG-β and were purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and preparative high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 1.8. The serine-linked carbohydrate chains were cleaved by β-elimination with alkali in the presence of sodium borohydride and were purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-25. All glycopeptides and the oligosaccharide were examined for homogeneity by high voltage paper electrophoresis, paper chromatography, and chemical composition. The structural studies involved the determination of intersugar and anomeric linkages and monosaccharide sequences and were carried out by a combination of several techniques such as periodate oxidation, methylation and sequential enzymatic degradation.
Reduction of sampling and analytical errors for electron microscopic analysis of atmospheric aerosols

Abstract Electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EM/EDS) can be used to determine the elemental composition of individual particles. However, the accuracy with which atmospheric particle compositions can be quantitatively determined is not well understood. In this work we explore sources of sampling and analytical bias and methods of reducing bias. Sulfuric acid [H 2 SO 4 ] and ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] particles were collected on beryllium, silicon, and carbon substrates with similar deposition densities. While [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] particles were observed on all substrates, [H 2 SO 4 ] and ammonia-treated [H 2 SO 4 ] particles could not be found on beryllium substrates. Interactions between the substrate and sulfuric acid particles are implicated. When measured with EM/EDS, [H 2 SO 4 ] particles exposed to ammonia overnight were found having lower beam damage rates (0.000 ± 0.002 fraction s −1 ) than those without any treatment (0.023 ± 0.006 fraction s −1 ) For laboratory-generated [C 10 H 6 (SO 3 Na) 2 ] particles, the composition determined using the experimental k -factors evaluated from independent particle standards of similar composition and size shows an error less than 20% for all constituents, while greater than 78% errors were found when k -factors were calculated from the theory. This study suggests (1) that sulfate beam damage can be reduced by exposure of atmospheric particle samples to ammonia before analysis, (2) that beryllium is not a suitable substrate for atmospheric particle analysis, and (3) calibration ( k -factor determination) using particle standards of similar size and composition to particles present in the atmosphere shows promise as a way of improving the accuracy of quantitative EM analysis.
Geochronology of Laramide synorogenic strata in the Denver Basin, Colorado

Only a few radiometric ages are available to help constrain the depositional history of Laramide synorogenic strata of the Denver Basin. This paper provides an evaluation of previous radiometric work in the basin and presents analyses of six recently sampled tuffs and tonsteins. Although tuffs and tonsteins are known to exist in Upper Cretaceous parts of the strata, ages for these are either yet to be determined or are unreliable. The few reliable ages, based on 40 Ar– 39 Ar, conventional K-Ar, and fission-track dating, fall into two groups: early Paleocene and early Eocene. A pronounced hiatus, related either to erosion or nondeposition, can be shown to exist between ∼63–64 Ma and 54 Ma. Some anomalous results will require additional fieldwork and analysis to resolve.
Biostratigraphy and Structure of Paleozoic Host Rocks and Their Relationship to Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in the Jerritt Canyon Mining District, Nevada

The Jerritt Canyon mining district in the northern Independence Range, northern Nevada, contains multiple, nearly horizontal, thrust masses of platform carbonate rocks that are exposed in a series of north- to northeast-elongated, tectonic windows through rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. The Roberts Mountains allochthon was emplaced during the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Antler orogeny. These thrust masses contain structurally and stratigraphically controlled Carlin-type gold deposits. The gold deposits are hosted in tectonically truncated units of the Silurian to Devonian Hanson Creek and Roberts Mountains Formations that lie within structural slices of an Eastern assemblage of Cambrian to Devonian carbonate rocks. In addition, these multiply thrust-faulted and folded host rocks are structurally interleaved with Mississippian siliciclastic rocks and are overlain structurally by Cambrian to Devonian siliciclastic units of the Roberts Mountains allochthon. All sedimentary rocks were involved in thrusting, high-angle faulting, and folding, and some of these events indicate substantial late Paleozoic and/or Mesozoic regional shortening. Early Pennsylvanian and late Eocene dikes also intrude the sedimentary rocks. These rocks all were uplifted into a northeast-trending range by subsequent late Cenozoic Basin and Range faulting. Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks flank part of the range. Pathways of hydrothermal fluid flow and locations of Carlin-type gold orebodies in the Jerritt Canyon mining district were controlled by structural and host-rock geometries within specific lithologies of the stacked thrust masses of Eastern assemblage rocks. The gold deposits are most common proximal to intersections of northeast-striking faults, northwest-striking dikes, and thrust planes that lie adjacent to permeable stratigraphic horizons. The host stratigraphic units include carbonate sequences that contained primary intercrystalline permeability, which provided initial pathways for fluid flow and later served as precipitation sites for ore minerals. Alteration, during, and perhaps prior to mineralization, enhanced primary permeability by dissolution, by removal of calcite, and by formation of dolomite. Ore-stage sulfide minerals and alteration minerals commonly precipitated in pore spaces among dolomite grains. Microveinlets and microbrecciation in zones of intense alteration also provided networks of secondary permeability that further enhanced fluid flux and produced additional sites for ore deposition.
Trends and Developments in Budgeting and Financial Management in Large Cities of the United States

Revenue constraints, demands for increased services, and rapidly increasing utilization of data processing have led large municipalities to effect significant changes in their budgeting/financial management processes and procedures. Based upon results from a survey of all cities in the United States with a population of 100,000 or greater, the author discusses the impact of such changes.
High-energy neutron irradiation effects on the tensile properties and microstructure of 316 stainless steel

Abstract Type-316 stainless steel was irradiated at room temperature with 14-MeV, Be(d,n), and fission-reactor neutrons. Highenergy neutron irradiations were carried out at the Rotating Target Neutron Source (RTNS-I) at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and the 1.93-m Isochronous Cyclotron at the University of California at Davis. Irradiations with fission-reactor neutrons were carried out in the Lawrence Livermore Pool Type Reactor (LPTR). Tensile properties after irradiation were determined at room temperature, and significant changes in strength and ductility were found. Irrddiation at all three neutron sources produced a very high density of defects 1 to 2 nm in diameter. The 14-MeV neutrons created more damage on a fluence basis, but the mechanical property and microstructure data could be correlated well on a damage energy basis. The deformation behavior was in accord with the dispersed barrier model of radiation hardening.
Intrinsic Signal Functional Imaging of the Retina: Outer Retinal Origins

Near-infrared reflectance imaging of retina has revealed intrinsic signals that are correlated with delivered visual stimuli. Studies have shown that these signals are primarily hemodynamic in origin and are driven by outer retinal activity.
Modeling of optical and energy performance of tungsten-oxide-based electrochromic windows including their intermediate states

Original Manuscript submitted on March 5, 2012. Published on‐line on October 16, 2012. Solar Energy Material and Solar Cells 108 (2012) 129‐135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.09.010 Modeling of optical and energy performance of tungsten‐oxide‐based electrochromic windows including their intermediate states Sunnie H.N. Lim, 1 Jan Isidorsson, 2 Lizhong Sun, 2 B. Leo Kwak, 2 and Andre Anders 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA Applied Materials Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA Corresponding author: Andre Anders Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 53 Berkeley, California 94720, USA E‐mail: aanders@lbl.gov ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Steve Selkowitz, Christian Kohler, and Rueben Mendelsberg (all LBNL) for insightful discussions. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE‐AC02‐05CH11231, and by the American Reconstruction and Reinvestment Act, under contract DE‐EE0003838. DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by its trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or The Regents of the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof or The Regents of the University of California.
REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING

The literature including a number of review articles was examined for answers to the questions, have distinctive personality test profiles of pathological gamblers been identified, do pathological ...
Cognitive empathy contributes to poor social functioning in schizophrenia: Evidence from a new self-report measure of cognitive and affective empathy

Cognitive empathy impairments have been linked to poor social functioning in schizophrenia. However, prior studies primarily used self-reported empathy measures developed decades ago that are not well-aligned with contemporary models of empathy. We evaluated empathy and its relationship to social functioning in schizophrenia using the recently developed Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). Schizophrenia (n=52) and healthy comparison (n=37) subjects completed the QCAE, Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and measures of neurocognition, symptoms, and social functioning. Between-group differences on the QCAE, and relationships between QCAE and IRI subscales, neurocognition, symptoms, and social functioning were examined. The schizophrenia group reported significantly lower cognitive empathy than comparison subjects, which was driven by low online simulation scores. Cognitive empathy explained significant variance in social functioning after accounting for neurocognition and symptoms. Group differences for affective empathy were variable; the schizophrenia group reported similar proximal responsivity, but elevated emotion contagion relative to comparison subjects. These findings bolster support for the presence and functional significance of impaired cognitive empathy in schizophrenia using a contemporary measure of empathy. Emerging evidence that some aspects of affective empathy may be unimpaired or hyper-responsive in schizophrenia and implications for the assessment and treatment of empathy in schizophrenia are discussed.
Magnitude and Frequency of Blowing Dust on the Southern High Plains of the United States, 1947–1989

Abstract The concept of magnitude and frequency in geomorphology maintains that the amount of work done on a landscape (the amount of sediment moved) by geomorphic events is determined by the produ...
Adsorption and Thermal Chemistry of Nitroethane on Si(100)-2 × 1

Surface chemistry of nitroethane on Si(100)-2 × 1 has been investigated using multiple internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MIR−FTIR), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and thermal desorption mass spectrometry. Molecular adsorption of nitroethane at submonolayer coverages dominates at cryogenic temperatures (95 K). As the surface temperature is increased to 140 K, chemical reaction involving nitro group occurs, whereas the ethyl entity remains intact. Similar behavior is observed for nitromethane. Thus, a barrier of approximately 36 kJ/mol is established for the interaction of nitroalkane molecules with the Si(100)-2 × 1 surface in contrast to the essentially barrierless transformation predicted previously theoretically for nitromethane. Further annealing of the silicon surface leads to the decomposition of nitroethane. The concentration of nitrogen and oxygen remains constant on a surface within the temperature interval studied here, whereas approximately half of the ethyl groups...
Successive interference cancellation in a low-earth orbit satellite system

Successive interference cancellation is a promising technique for increasing the capacity of uplink CDMA channels. In this paper, the technique is extended to a low-earth orbit satellite channel. Unlike terrestrial cellular channels, satellite channels typically have a limited multipath profile, but significant closed-loop power control error due to the round-trip delay incurred in communicating with an orbiting satellite. In this paper, a recently developed power control algorithm with considerable robustness to channel estimation and power control error is applied to an architecture capable of multiple-access interference cancellation and multipath combining. Even in the presence of large channel estimation and power control error, it will be shown that performance is increased significantly over previous research on interference cancellation for multipath fading channels, provided that the number of multipath components is small, as is the case for satellite communication systems. In addition, the proposed scheme has a low complexity relative to competing interference cancellation schemes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathways of eddies in the South Atlantic Ocean revealed from satellite altimeter observations

[1] The majority of the kinetic energy of ocean currents is contained in the mesoscale eddies. The pathways of ocean eddies, which are the “weather” of ocean circulation, are mapped from space using a decade-long record of sea surface height measured by two simultaneously flying satellite radar altimeters. The speed and direction of the propagation of eddies in the South Atlantic Ocean are presented in the paper. The patterns of the eddy propagation velocity reveal the effects of the interaction between mean flow and eddies with strong influence of bottom topography. The information describes a unique property of the ocean general circulation and serves as a basis for testing ocean models.
Optics and clinical applications of wide-field specular microscopy.

A new specular microscope for contact wide-field microscopy has a fluorite-tipped dipping cone coated with magnesium fluoride, providing a gradual decrease in refractive index from cone lens to cornea. This weakens the reflection on the corneal surface and allows a wide-field view of the corneal endothelium. The extensive range of focus permits examination and photography of the various corneal layers.
A follow-up study of agricultural chemical production workers.

This retrospective follow-up study evaluated the mortality experience of 4,323 men employed at a plant in Alabama (AL) that manufactures agricultural and other chemicals. On average, there were 18 years of follow-up per subject during the study period of 1951 to 1987. The observed numbers of deaths among cohort members were compared with the numbers expected on the basis of United States (US) and AL general population mortality rates. The all causes standardized mortality ratio (SMR), computed using US rates as the referent, was 97 (233 observed/240 expected deaths) for whites and 68 (47/69) for blacks. White subjects had more than expected deaths from buccal cavity and pharynx (BCP) cancer (SMR = 388; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 125-905) and from esophageal cancer (SMR = 417; 112-1,067). Their lung cancer mortality rate was 50% higher than the rate of US white men and 14% higher than the rate of AL white men. Each of these three cancers has strong nonoccupational determinants, the roles of which were not assessed and which may have been responsible in whole or in part for the observed increases. The excesses of lung and esophageal cancer were concentrated among short-term employees, an observation which also arguesmore » against a causal link with occupational factors. Black men experienced no increased mortality from BCP, esophageal or lung cancer, but results for blacks were imprecise. For white and black subjects combined, there were 3 observed versus 0.62 expected deaths due to soft tissue sarcoma (p = 0.05). The job histories of subjects with this type of cancer did not suggest any shared occupational exposure.« less
Ab initio investigation of Sarin micro-hydration

Abstract The micro-hydration of the chemical warfare agent Sarin (GB) was investigated using ab initio calculations. The different structural conformers, water hydrogen bonding motifs, and adsorption energies for a series of gas phase optimized Sarin· n H 2 O ( n = 1–4) clusters were evaluated. A rich and varied structural environment for these micro-hydrated clusters was observed, with hydrogen bonding between water and the P O oxygen being the dominating binding interaction. Only with the addition of at least four explicit waters does hydrogen bonding between water and either the isopropyl oxygen or the fluorine atom of Sarin become energetically favorable in these gas-phase optimized clusters. It is determined that the different isopropyl torsional configurations of Sarin give rise to changes in the water adsorption energies. The relative energies between the different Sarin conformers were also dependent on the number of explicit waters present within the optimized micro-hydrated cluster. Comparison of the energies for the Sarin·4H 2 O cluster did not reproduce the destabilization of the high energy Sarin conformer that was predicted from calculations employing an implicit water PCM solvent. The use of a mixed cluster/continuum model was shown to be unsuccessful for the computation of accurate free energies for these micro-hydrated Sarin clusters.
A Note on Covariant Feynman Rules for Closed Strings

Abstract It is established that covariant Feynman rules for closed string fields must decompose the moduli space of a four-punctured sphere with each diagram giving two copies of a fundamental region of the group of anharmonic ratios. This may help determining if such decomposition is possible without an elementary four closed-string interaction.
Thermal Expansion of Composite Resins and Sealants

Linear thermal coefficients of expansion (alpha) of seven commercial composite resins and four pit and fissure sealants were determined between 0 and 60 degrees C on a thermomechanical analyzer. The thermal expansion curves obtained were nonlinear. Values of alpha ranged from 26.5 to 39.6 x 10(-6) degrees C for the composite and from 70.9 to 93.7 x 10(-6)/degrees C for the sealants.
mth-Root subgeometry partitions

New subgeometry partitions of PG(n ? 1, q m ) by subgeometries isomorphic to PG(n ? 1, q) are constructed.
Yellow-light-emitting cyano-substituted poly[(1,3-phenylene vinylene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene vinylene)] derivative: Its synthesis and optical properties

A soluble cyano-substituted poly[(1,3-phenylene vinylene)-alt-(1,4-phenylene vinylene)] derivative (9) was synthesized and characterized. Comparison between 9 and its model compound (10) showed that the chromophore in 9 remained to be well defined as a result of a π-conjugation interruption at adjacent m-phenylene units. The attachment of a cyano substituent only at the β position of the vinylene allowed the maximum electronic impact of the cyano group on the optical properties of the poly(p-phenylene vinylene) material. At a low temperature (−108 or −198 °C), the vibronic structures of 9 and 10 were partially resolved. The absorption and emission spectra of a film of 9 were less temperature-dependent than those of a film of 10, indicating that the former had a lower tendency to aggregate. A light-emitting diode (LED) based on 9 emitted yellow light (λmax ≈ 578 nm) with an external quantum efficiency of 0.03%. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3149–3158, 2003
Three-body break-up in the 3He+d reaction

Abstract The three-body break-up of the five-nucleon system 3 He+d has been investigated through the reactions 3 He + d → 3 He + n + p and 3 He + d → 3 H + 2 p . In both cases the mass-3 particle and a proton were detected in a kinematically complete experiment for a deuteron bombarding energy of 10.92 MeV. A 3 He gas target in a small gas cell was used. Particle identification of the mass-3 particle was done with a three-detector d E /d x — E telescope. The data show the presence of nucleon-nucleon final-state interactions as well as those leading to excited states of the mass-4 system. The extraction of nucleon-nucleon scattering lengths and the effect of the excited mass-4 states are discussed.