cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Metrics of Affordable Nutrition: Which Vegetables Provide Most Nutrients for Least Cost?

Measuring food prices per gram, rather than per calorie, is one way to make healthful vegetables appear less expensive. However, a better measure of affordability would take the nutrient content of vegetables into account. This study, based on analyses of US Department of Agriculture datasets, aimed to identify which vegetables, including juices and soups, provided the most nutrients per unit cost. Nutrient density was measured using the Nutrient Rich Foods (NRF) index, based on nine nutrients to encourage: protein; fiber; vitamins A, C, and E; calcium; iron; magnesium; and potassium; and on three nutrients to limit: saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium. Food cost in dollars was calculated per 100 g, per 100 kcal, per serving, and per nutrient content. One-way analyses of variance with post hoc tests were used to determine statistical significance. Results showed that tomato juices and tomato soups, dark green leafy and nonleafy vegetables, and deep yellow vegetables, including sweet potatoes, had the highest NRF scores overall. Highest NRF scores per dollar were obtained for sweet potatoes, white potatoes, tomato juices and tomato soups, carrots, and broccoli. Tomato sauces, raw tomatoes, and potato chips were eaten more frequently than were many other vegetables that were both more affordable and more nutrient-rich. These new measures of affordable nutrition can help foodservice and health professionals identify those vegetables that provide the highest nutrient density per unit cost. Processed vegetables, including soups and juices, can contribute to the quality and the affordability of the diet.
Review: care assisted by nurses or pharmacists provides better blood pressure control.

Source Citation Fahey T, Schroeder K, Ebrahim S. Educational and organisational interventions used to improve the management of hypertension in primary care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 20...
High-deposition rate a-Si:H n–i–p solar cells grown by HWCVD

Abstract We grow hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells in a device structure denoted as SS/n–i–p/ITO. We grow all the a-Si:H layers by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) and the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) by reactive evaporation. We are able to grow HWCVD i-layer materials that maintain an AM1.5 photoconductivity-to-dark-conductivity ratio of 105 at deposition rates up to 130 A/s. We have put these high-deposition rate i-layer materials into SS/n–i–p/ITO devices and light-soaked them for ≥1000 h under AM1.5 conditions. We obtain stabilized solar cell efficiencies of 5.5% at 18 A/s, 4.8% at 35 A/s, 4.1% at 83 A/s and 3.8% at 127 A/s.
Right Hemihepatectomy for Metastatic Cloacogenic Carcinoma using the Staple Technique

Introduction The role of vascular stapling devices in major hepatic resections has extended beyond control of inflow and outflow vessels, to application in hepatic parenchymal transection. We report use of stapling device in a right hemihepatectomy for a solitary 8 cm metastasis from a cloacogenic anal canal carcinoma in a 69 year old female. She underwent Nigro protocol for treatment of the primary, and follow-up biopsy showed no residual disease in the anal canal.
On analyzing scientific fraud.

KIE: Braunwald, a professor at Harvard Medical School, responds to a paper by Walter W. Stewart and Ned Feder ("The integrity of the scientific literature," Nature 1987 Jan 15; 325(6101): 207-214) concerning their findings of errors, discrepancies, and other lapses in publications coauthored by John Darsee, a biomedical researcher in Braunwald's laboratory who was found guilty of fraud, and by colleagues of Darsee's at the Harvard and Emory University medical schools. Braunwald charges that the alleged lapses of the Harvard coauthors are incorrectly labeled as lapses or are insignificant. While supporting the need for greater vigilance in detecting scientific fraud, he emphasizes the integrity of the vast majority of scientists.
Impact of Mental Health Visits on Healthcare Cost in Patients with Diabetes and Comorbid Mental Health Disorders

Purpose To assess the impact of mental health visits (MHV) on the cost of care for Veterans with diabetes and comorbid mental health conditions. Methods A national cohort of 120,852 Veterans with diabetes and at least one mental health diagnosis (i.e., substance abuse, depression or psychoses) in 2002 was followed through 2006. Outcomes were pharmacy, inpatient and outpatient costs in 2012 dollars. Results Least-square covariate adjusted estimates from the joint model of total VA costs of the number of MHV using December 31, 2012 value dollars indicate that relative to those with fewer MHV, those with 3+ MHV had the lowest mean inpatient cost ($21,406), but the highest mean outpatient and pharmacy cost ($9,727 and $2,015, respectively). If all Veterans who received zero MHV actually received 3+ MHV, we estimate through simulated scenarios that between $32,272,329 and $181,460,247 in inpatient costs would be saved. However, these savings would be offset by additional expenditures of between $1,166,017,547 and $1,166,224,787 in outpatient costs and between $151,604,683 and $161,439,632 in pharmacy costs. Conclusions Among Veterans with diabetes and comorbid mental disorders having three or more mental health visits is associated with marginally decreased inpatient cost, but these potential savings seem to be offset by increased outpatient and pharmacy costs.
Differential evolution with dither and annealed scale factor

Differential Evolution (DE) is a highly competitive and powerful real parameter optimizer in the diverse community of evolutionary algorithms. The performance of DE depends largely upon its control parameters and is quite sensitive to their appropriate settings. One of those parameters commonly known as scale factor or F, controls the step size of the vector differentials during the search. During the exploration stage of the search, large step sizes may prove more conducive while during the exploitation stage, smaller step sizes might become favorable. This work proposes a simple and effective technique that alters F in stages, first through random perturbations and then through the application of an annealing schedule. We report the performance of the new variant on 20 benchmark functions of varying complexity and compare it with the classic DE algorithm (DE/Rand/1/bin), two other scale factor altering variants, and state of the art, SaDE.
ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF CONTINUITY BETWEEN GENERAL SYSTEMS

Abstract The concept of S-continuity of mappings from systems into systems is introduced, which is a unified concept of those of continuities of either mappings from topological spaces into topological spaces or mappings from systems into systems listed in Ref. 1. Some properties of S-continuous mappings under the operations—free sum and product—are given. The general controllability of the images and the pre-images of S-continuous mappings are studied. Some open questions are posed
Wavelets for contrast enhancement of digital mammography

Multiresolution representations provided an adaptive mechanism for the local emphasis of features of importance to mammography. In general, improvements in image contrast for multiscale image processing algorithms were superior to those obtained using existing competitive algorithms. These initial results are encouraging and suggest that wavelet based image processing algorithms could play an important role in improving the imaging performance of digital mammography. In part 2, features blended into the mammograms were "idealized" representations of the types of objects that are of primary interest to mammographers. The resultant mammographic images were appropriate for the purpose of demonstrating improved image contrast made possible by wavelet based image processing algorithms. These images were also useful for comparing multiscale wavelet based algorithms with existing image processing algorithms. The test results obtained in this study, however, cannot be directly extrapolated to clinical mammography. In addition, it is also important to study possible image artifacts introduced by new wavelet filters, which may increase the false positive rate. >
Religious ritual and modes of knowing: commentary on the cognitive resource depletion model of ritual

Numerous scholars from Durkheim (1915/1969) to Rappaport (1999) have asserted that ritual plays a central role in communicating collective ideas and inculcating religious belief. Yet, the proximate...
Time-dependent 2.2 MeV and 0.5 MeV lines from solar flares

The time dependences of the 2.2 MeV and 0.51 MeV gamma ray lines from solar flares are calculated and the results are compared with observations of the 1972, August 4 and 7 flares. Time lag between the nuclear reactions and the formation of these two lines are caused, respectively, by capture of the neutrons, and by deceleration of the positrons and decay of the radioactive nuclei. Results show that the calculation is consistent with the observed rise of the 2.2 MeV line on August 4, and it does not require different time dependences for the accelerated protons and electrons in the flare region. The above lags can explain the delayed gamma ray emission observed on August 7. Positrons of energies greater than about 10 MeV could be detected in interplanetary space following large solar flares.
Is It Possible to Know a Problem Instance Is Ill-Posed?

We develop some foundations for a general theory of condition numbers, ill-posed problem instances, and related concepts. Justification for our formalizations is provided by results from semi-algebraic geometry, with particular reliance on the fact that decision methods for the first-order theory of the reals exist, as was proven by Tarski.
Analyzing multilevel data: comparing findings from hierarchical linear modeling and ordinary least squares regression

This study examined the differing conclusions one may come to depending upon the type of analysis chosen, hierarchical linear modeling or ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. To illustrate this point, this study examined the influences of seniors’ self-reported critical thinking abilities three ways: (1) an OLS regression with the student as the unit of analysis, (2) an OLS regression with the institution as the unit of analysis, and (3) a three-level hierarchical linear model. Overall, results demonstrate that one would come to substantively different conclusions regarding the influences on students’ perceived critical thinking ability depending upon the type of analysis chosen, especially in regards to the effects of the institutional characteristics.
ACTIVE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL NANO-ARCHITECTURES

The development of nano-scaled photonic crystal structures has resulted in many new devices exhibiting non-classical optical behavior. Typically, in these structures a photonic band gap and associated defect mode are used to create waveguides, resonators, couplers and lters. In this paper we propose that the functionality of these structures can be signican tly enhanced by the inltration of the photonic crystal with other classes of materials, particularly highly nonlinear liquid crystals and electro-optical materials. The properties of conventional 2D PC slab waveguides were simulated by the nite difference time domain method and shown to exhibit very large refraction and dispersion, and signican t tunable eects under bias when inltrated with liquid crystal. In particular, a new superlattice photonic crystal concept is proposed and shown to exhibit up to 50 tunability in the angle of refraction when alternate liquid crystal inltrated pixel rows were modulated from their aligned to unaligned state. This modulation corresponds to index changes from 1.5 to 2.1; it is assumed that a refractive index change of up to approximately n = 0:6 can be achieved. The superlattice eect was also demonstrated to induce new switching and out-coupling eects that were strongly dependent on the direction of propagation and index modulation. These simulations demonstrate the potential of a new class of optically-active photonic crystal architectures to tune giant refraction and dispersion characteristics and to enable new switching phenomena.
Impact of Backbone Rigidity on the Photomechanical Response of Glassy, Azobenzene-Functionalized Polyimides

Azobenzene-functionalized polyimide materials can directly transduce light into mechanical force. Here, we examine the impact of polymer backbone rigidity on the photomechanical response in a series of linear, azobenzene-functionalized polymers. The rigidity of the backbone was varied by the polymerization of five dianhydride monomers with a newly synthesized diamine (azoBPA-diamine). The azobenzene-functionalized linear polymers exhibit glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 276 to 307 °C and maintain excellent thermal stability. The photomechanical response of these materials was characterized by photoinduced cantilever bending as well as direct measurement of photogenerated stress upon exposure to linearly polarized, 445 nm light. Increasing the rigidity of the polymer backbone increases the magnitude of stress that is generated but decreases the angle of cantilever deflection.
WITHDRAWN: Reprint of “Managing Safety in the Workplace: An Attribution Theory Analysis and Model”

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy ). This reprinted article has been retracted at the request of the Publisher. The online version of this reprint has been withdrawn as it was a redundant duplicate of the original article. The original can be found via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(94)90003-5 The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
White Matter Protection in Congenital Heart Surgery

Background—Neurodevelopmental delays in motor skills and white matter (WM) injury have been documented in congenital heart disease and after pediatric cardiac surgery. The lack of a suitable animal model has hampered our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying WM injury in these patients. Our aim is to identify an optimal surgical strategy for WM protection to reduce neurological injury in congenital heart disease patients. Methods and Results—We developed a porcine cardiopulmonary bypass model that displays area-dependent WM maturation. In this model, WM injury was identified after cardiopulmonary bypass–induced ischemia-reperfusion injury. The degree of injury was inversely correlated with the maturation stage, which indicates maturation-dependent vulnerability of WM. Within different oligodendrocyte developmental stages, we show selective vulnerability of O4+ preoligodendrocytes, whereas oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were resistant to insults. This indicates that immature WM is vulnerabl...
On some tests of growth curve model under Behrens-Fisher stituation☆

Abstract In this article, we have considered the problem of testing equality of several growth curves under Behrens-Fisher situation. In this context, the robustness of the existing test criteria have been studied. Also, some exact test procedures have been considered and the exact and asymptotic noncentral distribution problems have been studied.
15N CP/MAS NMR Study of the Isocyanate/Wood Adhesive Bondline. Effects of Structural Isomerism

Abstract Structurally isomeric 15N-labeled polymeric methylenebis(phenylisocyanate), pMDI, adhesives were synthesized. One resin had a high content of 4,4′-MDI, and another was prepared with a high content of 2,4′-MDI. Both resins were cured with wood (Liriodendron tulipifera) for various times and temperatures and then analyzed using 15N CP/MAS NMR. It was found that resin polymerization occurs via the reaction of isocyanate with wood moisture to form polyurea. Biuret formation and isocyanate dimerization were detected. Urethane formation probably also occurs; however, signal overlap of urea and urethane signals prevents a definitive conclusion. These findings are similar to previous ones; however, subtle differences are noted. The structurally isomeric resins displayed similar chemistries. Of the two resins, the resin prepared with a high content of 2,4′-MDI cured more slowly, and resulted in a network that was more mobile in the midkilohertz frequency range. This leads to the prediction that resins hig...
Promoting Adolescent and School Health: Perspectives and Future Directions.

(2003). Promoting Adolescent and School Health: Perspectives and Future Directions. American Journal of Health Education: Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 314-328.
THE “NEW PAROLE”: AN ANALYSIS OF PAROLE BOARD DECISION MAKING AS A FUNCTION OF ELIGIBILITY

ABSTRACT Previous research on parole board decision making has demonstrated the parole board decisions are mainly a function of institutional behavior and criminal history factors. The “new parole” advocates that decisions are function of eligibility, data from two points in the parole process - offender board reviews and parole hearings - were used to analyze parole board decision making. Results showed that decisions were highly routine and automatic. Decisions were a function of eligibility (lost good time, proportions of sentence served, and review/discharge date), institutional recommendation, and risk assessment (offense severity and public opposition). This study supports a view of parole as an automatic release mechanism for eligible offenders.
Magnetostatic forward volume wave - spin wave conversion by etched gratings in LPE-YIG

Experiments in the 3 GHz region are reported normal incidence of magnetostatic forward volume waves (MSFVW) on etched groove arrays. Significant mode conversion to standing spin wave resonances (SSWR) along the axis normal to the films has been observed and correlated to the SSWR spectrum. A criterion is derived which allows design of etched groove arrays with optimum bandwidth including the effects of the SSWR mode conversion. Suitable pass-band characteristics can be achieved by choice of etch groove depth.
VARCOV: A computer program for the distribution-free analysis of growth and response curves

A FORTRAN computer program written to perform a distribution-free analysis of growth and response curves is described. The underlying statistical methodology is particularly applicable with incomplete observations, and in situations where parametric models for growth may not be appropriate.
Validation of wind profiles measured with incoherent Doppler lidar.

A high-resolution incoherent Doppler lidar has been constructed at the University of Michigan Space Physics Research Laboratory. The primary purpose of this lidar is to measure vertical profiles of the horizontal wind field with high spatial and temporal resolution. In mid-1994 a rawinsonde system was used to assess the performance of the lidar. The resulting comparisons of profiles from the balloons and the lidar are shown. The comparisons show an ∼2-m/s rms error between the two systems. The reasons for this error are discussed, and a sensitivity study is shown to illustrate the sensitivity of the lidar wind measurements to various system parameters. Finally, steps that are being taken to improve the systematic errors are discussed.
The problem of parametric integration to the slip line field in the compression of thick workpiece

An integration depending on a parameter to the compression of a thick workpiece has been obtained. For the conventional prevailing numerical formula $$\int {\phi _1 dy = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\phi _i \cdot \Delta } } y$$ a definite functional relationship between ϕ and y is found. Therefore a paremetric integration can be used to get an analytical solution. Take the slip line field for l/h=0.121 as an example, the analytical solution is basically the same as the prevailing numerical one. It is justified theoretically that for the slip line field a parametric integration is perfectly possible for a satisfactory analytical solution.
Normalizing Normal Mode Analysis

A detailed understanding of protein dynamics remains elusive. Recent comparisons of computer simulations with experimental data are calibrating the methods and establishing their applications. In this issue of Structure, Kondrashov et al. (2007) exemplify the approach by comparing computed normal modes with measured crystallographic B factors.
Role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

Laparoscopic surgical techniques were originally applied to the staging of prostate cancer in the form of laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection. The efficiency of laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection has proven to be comparable to open lymphadenectomy in tissue yield and also shows a considerable decrease in postoperative morbidity. Subsequently, laparoscopy has been used as an adjuvant to perineal prostatectomy for preliminary dissection of the seminal vesicles. Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been performed but the long-term efficacy of this treatment is unknown at this point. Future clinical applications of laparoscopic surgical techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer include harvesting of primary and metastatic prostatic tissue for adjuvant gene therapies for prostate cancer.
Incorporating Temporal and Semantic Information with Eye Gaze for Automatic Word Acquisition in Multimodal Conversational Systems

One major bottleneck in conversational systems is their incapability in interpreting unexpected user language inputs such as out-of-vocabulary words. To overcome this problem, conversational systems must be able to learn new words automatically during human machine conversation. Motivated by psycholinguistic findings on eye gaze and human language processing, we are developing techniques to incorporate human eye gaze for automatic word acquisition in multimodal conversational systems. This paper investigates the use of temporal alignment between speech and eye gaze and the use of domain knowledge in word acquisition. Our experiment results indicate that eye gaze provides a potential channel for automatically acquiring new words. The use of extra temporal and domain knowledge can significantly improve acquisition performance.
Transcriptional activation of the matrix metalloproteinase gene stromelysin-3 coincides with thyroid hormone-induced cell death during frog metamorphosis.

A full-length cDNA was isolated for a thyroid hormone response gene in the metamorphosing frog intestine and shown by sequence analysis to be the frog homolog of the mammalian extracellular matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-3 ( ST3 ). Northern hybridization indicated that ST3 gene expression is differentially activated in tadpole tissues during metamorphosis. In the small intestine, in situ hybridization localized high levels of ST3 mRNA to fibroblast-like cells during thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis. ST3 mRNA was undetectable in the intestine prior to metamorphosis, while high levels were present at the metamorphic climax. At this time, primary intestinal epithelial cells are known to undergo cell death and replacement by secondary epithelial cells, arguing that ST3 is involved in the modification of the extracellular matrix during apoptosis. ST3 mRNA was also expressed at high levels during tadpole tail resorption, but not in premetamorphic tail or developing hindlimb, further supporting a role for ST3 when tissue remodeling is accompanied by large-scale cell death. Premetamorphic tadpoles treated with thyroid hormone showed a similar but compressed time course of ST3 gene regulation, suggesting that thyroid hormone controls ST3 gene expression during metamorphosis. In contrast, during embryogenesis, ST3 was expressed before endogenous thyroid hormone is detectable, indicating that ST3 can also be regulated independently of thyroid hormone. These findings implicate that ST3 participates in the modification of the extracellular matrix during metamorphic apoptosis, but Northern analyses using heterologous probes raise the possibility that additional matrix metalloproteinases may also be involved.
Glucose-Induced Resistance to Methyl Methanesulfonate in Escherichia coli*

The sensitivities to inactivation by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) of repairproficient and deficient strains of Escherichia coli K-12 and B grown to the stationary phase in nutrient broth (NB) or in glucose-enriched nutrient broth (GNB) have been compared. GNB-grown Rec+ and B/r cells are much more resistant to MMS at low exposures than are such cells grown in NB. Rec− cells, whether Uvr+ or Uvr−, do not exhibit this glucose-induced resistance (GIR). Strains Bs-1 and BII also do not exhibit GIR. Caffeine added to the posttreatment plating agar at non-lethal concentrations abolishes GIR. It is suggested that growth in GNB enhances, at low exposure, the type of repair controlled by the rec genes.
Deformable Templates Guided Discriminative Models for Robust 3D Brain MRI Segmentation

Automatically segmenting anatomical structures from 3D brain MRI images is an important task in neuroimaging. One major challenge is to design and learn effective image models accounting for the large variability in anatomy and data acquisition protocols. A deformable template is a type of generative model that attempts to explicitly match an input image with a template (atlas), and thus, they are robust against global intensity changes. On the other hand, discriminative models combine local image features to capture complex image patterns. In this paper, we propose a robust brain image segmentation algorithm that fuses together deformable templates and informative features. It takes advantage of the adaptation capability of the generative model and the classification power of the discriminative models. The proposed algorithm achieves both robustness and efficiency, and can be used to segment brain MRI images with large anatomical variations. We perform an extensive experimental study on four datasets of T1-weighted brain MRI data from different sources (1,082 MRI scans in total) and observe consistent improvement over the state-of-the-art systems.
Measuring Thermodynamic Length

Thermodynamic length is a metric distance between equilibrium thermodynamic states. Among other interesting properties, this metric asymptotically bounds the dissipation induced by a finite time transformation of a thermodynamic system. It is also connected to the Jensen-Shannon divergence, Fisher information, and Rao's entropy differential metric. Therefore, thermodynamic length is of central interest in understanding matter out of equilibrium. In this Letter, we will consider how to define thermodynamic length for a small system described by equilibrium statistical mechanics and how to measure thermodynamic length within a computer simulation. Surprisingly, Bennett's classic acceptance ratio method for measuring free energy differences also measures thermodynamic length.
Cataloging on Receipt for Monographs: Merging Cataloging and Acquisitions Functions at UCLA

Institutions have sought to improve technical services workflows by merging some acquisitions and cataloging functions in different ways and with varying results. Those institutions’ experiences with the merging process contrast with the process implemented at UCLA. At UCLA a process of cataloging on receipt was planned and implemented in the Print Acquisitions Department, in cooperation with the Cataloging & Metadata Center. The process resulted in significantly faster delivery of print books from receipt to shelf for materials not batch packed for remote storage.
A Multimedia Example

This page shows some examples of multimedia files. It is also available at: http://www.ieee-uffc.org/tr/mexample.pdf. For submission of multimedia manuscripts to TUFFC, please follow "Information for contributors" at: http://www.ieee-uffc.org/tr/contrib.pdf.
IR laser-induced dehydrohalogenation of halogenated ethanes☆

Abstract Pulsed IR radiation from a CO 2 TEA laser has been shown to cause dehydrohalogenation of CF 3 CH 3 , CF 2 ClCH 3 and C 2 H 5 Cl under collisionless conditions. IR emission has been observed and is attributed to HF † and CF 2 CH 2 † from CF 3 CH 3 , and to HF † and HCl † from CF 2 ClCH 3 .
Multiscale Modeling of supported bilayers

Supported Lipid Bilayers are an abundant research platform for understanding the behavior of real cell membranes as they allow for additional mechanical stability. However, in computer simulations these systems have been studied only rarely up to now. Recently, we studied systematically the changes that a support induces on a phospholipid bilayer using coarse-grained molecular modeling on different levels.We characterize the density and pressure profiles as well as the density imbalance inflicted on the membrane by the support. We also determine the diffusion coefficients and characterize the influence of different corrugations of the support. We then determine the free energy of transfer of phospholipids between the proximal (close to the surface) and distal leaflet of a supported membrane using the coarse-grained Martini model. It turns out that there is at equilibrium about a 2-3% higher density in the proximal leaflet.These results are in favorable agreement with recent data obtained by very large scale modeling using a water free model where flip-flop can be observed directly. We compare results of the free energy of transfer obtained by pulling the lipid across the membrane in different ways. There are small quantitative differences but the overall picture is consistent. We are additionally characterizing the intermediate states which determine the barrier height and therefore the rate of translocation. Simulations in atomistic detail are performed for selected systems in order to confirm the findings. Calculations on unsupported bilayers are used to validate the approach and to determine the barrier to flip-flop in a free membrane.
Synthesis of ABA triblock copolymers of norbornenes and 7-oxanorbornenes via living ring-opening metathesis polymerization using well-defined, bimetallic ruthenium catalysts

Norbornene and 7-oxanorbornene derivatives were polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in a living manner by employing three new well-defined, bimetallic ruthenium catalysts (...
Reaction of CH3O2+HO2 in air at 295 K: A product study

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify and quantify methylhydroperoxide as the dominant product of the gas phase reaction of methylperoxy radicals with hydroperoxy radicals. At 295 K, and 700 Torr total pressure of air, 92±8% of the reaction of CH3O2 with HO2 proceeds via CH3O2+HO2→CH3OOH+O2. Results are discussed with respect to the previous kinetic and mechanistic studies of peroxy radicals and computer models of atmospheric chemistry.
Ileal absorptive adaptation to jejunal resection and extrinsic denervation: Implications for living-related small bowel transplantation

Net absorption of water, electrolytes, and simple nutrients decreases early after jejunoileal autotransplantation (extrinsic denervation) in a canine model but recovers toward normal by 8 weeks. However, the ability of the extrinsically denervated ileum to adapt after total jejunectomy, which would be relevant as a model of segmental small bowel transplantation, remains unknown. Two groups of five dogs each were studied before and 2 weeks and 12 weeks after 50% proximal enterectomy. A control group remained neurally intact, whereas the other group underwent extrinsic denervation (Ext Den) of the remaining ileum. Using a perfusion technique, net absorption of water, electrolytes, and five simple nutrients (glucose, arginine, glutamine, and oleic and taurocholic acids) was measured at the three time points. Ileal morphometry was also evaluated. All dogs developed diarrhea, which resolved by 12 weeks in all but two of the Ext Den dogs. Weight in both groups was decreased at 2 weeks (P <0.05), returned to normal at 12 weeks in control dogs, but remained low in Ext Den dogs (P <0.05). Maximal weight loss was greater in the Ext Den group (P <0.05). No consistent or important differences in net absorptive fluxes of water, electrolytes, or simple nutrients were noted either within or between groups at any time point. Villous height, crypt depth, and longitudinal muscle width increased significantly at 12 weeks after jejunectomy in the Ext Den dogs, but not in the control dogs (P <0.05). Extrinsic denervation of the ileum results in persistent weight loss after proximal 50% enterectomy. Despite diarrhea, only minor changes in electrolyte absorption occur, and ileal net absorption of simple nutrients remains unaffected. The ileum of extrinsically denervated dogs undergoes a more prominent morphometric adaptation after jejunectomy. Extrinsic denervation necessitated by small bowel transplantation, independent of immune effects, does not appear to suppress the ileal adaptive response to maintain net absorption of water, electrolytes, and simple nutrients.
GABAB receptor function and subunit expression in the rat spinal cord as indicators of stress and the antinociceptive response to antidepressants

Experiments were undertaken to examine whether once daily i.p. administration of either of two antidepressants used for the treatment of neuropathic pain, amitriptyline (10 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), to rats for 7 days modifies GABA(B) receptor function and subunit expression in the lumbar spinal cord. The results indicate that, as previously reported for desipramine, both amitriptyline and fluoxetine increase the pain threshold to a thermal stimulus, the expression of GABA(B(1)) subunits, and baclofen-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding, a measure of GABA(B) receptor function. The effects of antidepressant administration on GABA(B(1b)) and GABA(B(2)) subunit expression in spinal cord are more variable than for GABA(B(1a)). It was also discovered that repeated daily exposure to a thermal stimulus or immobilization stress increases GABA(B(1a)) expression in the lumbar spinal cord, with no commensurate change in thermal pain threshold or GABA(B) receptor sensitivity. These results support a relationship between GABA(B) receptors and the action of antidepressants. The findings demonstrate that drug-induced increases in GABA(B) receptor function can occur independently of any change in GABA(B) receptor subunit expression and are consistent with the notion that GABA(B) receptor subunits have multiple functions, only one of which is dimerization to form GABA(B) receptors. The data also suggest that GABA(B) subunit gene expression may serve as a preclinical marker of antidepressant efficacy and of drug- or stress-induced modifications in central nervous system activity.
THE GENERIC PLACEMENT OF “ALLODAPE” GRISEA ALFKEN (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) *

Allodape grisea Alfken, 1907, is transferred from the xylocopine Anthophoridae to the genus Euryglossa subgenus Euhesma in the Colletidae.
Stimulation and Measurement of Radial Betatron Oscillations in the Bevatron Using the RF Accelerating System

Recent activity in resonant extraction of the circulating proton beam at the Bevatron spurred interest in accurately measuring the radial betatron oscillation frequency. Calculations indicated that it would be practical to use the existing RF system tuned to the betatron-oscillation frequency for excitation of the desired oscillations. Measurement of the proton rotational frequency and the betatron oscillation frequency has been carried out with the aid of a small digital data processor. The system we have used allows dynamic on-line presentation of beam radius, betatron frequency, and rotational frequency to precision of approximately one part in 10 000.
2CH3CN⊂(n-Bu4N)2[{Ir(1,5-COD)}6W4O16]·2CH3CN: A Hybrid Inorganic−Organometallic, Flexible Cavity Host, Acetonitrile−Guest Complex Composed of a [W4O4]n+ Tetratungstate Cube and Six Polyoxoanion-Supported (1,5-COD)Ir+ Organometallic Groups

The tetratungstate polyoxoanion-supported organometallic compound 2CH3CN⊂(n-Bu4N)2[{Ir(1,5-COD)}6W4O16]·2CH3CN (2CH3CN⊂1·2CH3CN) is reported, a complex which exhibits an unusual “methyl-first” CH3CN inclusion (“⊂”) chemistry. The synthesis of 2CH3CN⊂1·2CH3CN was accomplished by the reaction of 3 equiv of [Ir(1,5-COD)Cl]2 with 4 equiv of (n-Bu4N)2WO4; an X-ray diffraction single-crystal structure shows that the four tungsten atoms in of 2CH3CN⊂1·2CH3CN are located in tetrahedral positions and combine with four bridging oxygens to yield a tungsten-oxygen cubane structure. The cubane core tungsten atoms are capped by six surrounding [Ir(1,5-COD)]+ groups in an octahedral arrangement relative to the cube, with each [Ir(1,5-COD)]+ group coordinated by two terminal oxygen atoms from the tetratungstate unit. Two sets of flexible acetonitrile-binding cavities, formed between each three of the six [Ir(1,5-COD)]+ groups, form a roughly tetrahedral array surrounding the cube. This host-guest complex binds acetonitri...
Physical properties of V 1−xTixO2 (0 < x < 0.187) single crystals

Free standing, low strain, single crystals of pure and titanium doped VO2 were grown out of an excess of V 2O5 using high temperature solution growth techniques. At TMI ∼ 340 K, pure VO2 exhibits a clear first-order phase transition from a high-temperature paramagnetic tetragonal phase (R) to a low-temperature non-magnetic monoclinic phase (M1). With Ti doping, another monoclinic phase (M2) emerges between the R and M1 phases. The phase transition temperature between R and M2 increases with increasing Ti doping while the transition temperature between M2 and M1 decreases.
Quadrature & frequency diverse terahertz imaging with metamaterials

Compressive sensing is an exciting approach to imaging and promises to make significant advance in the terahertz regime. However, compressive imaging is commonly implemented is such that acquisition proceeds in a serial manner, thus leading to unrealistic frame rates. We propose and demonstrate a new approach to terahertz single pixel imaging using all-electronic metamaterial spatial light modulators. Our technique is deterministic and permits parallel acquisition, resulting in a significant advance in image fidelity and frame rates compared to alternative approaches.
Characterization of the Reaction Products of Laser-Ablated Late Lanthanide Metal Atoms with Molecular Oxygen: Infrared Spectra of LnO, LnO+, LnO-, LnO2, LnO2-, LnO3-, and (LnO)2 in Solid Argon

This paper is the second segment of an investigation into the reaction products of laser-ablated lanthanide metal atoms with O2. There is general agreement with previous gas-phase and matrix infrared observations of neutral lanthanide monoxides; the frequencies of monoxide cations and anions are original to this work. The dioxide anion vibrational frequencies of all late lanthanides and neutral frequencies of five of the last seven are reported. In conjunction with the earlier part of this study, it is found that the average vibrational frequencies of the early lanthanide dioxide anions are lower than their neutral counterparts, while those of the late lanthanide dioxide anions are higher. Doping the electron scavenger, CCl4, into these samples provides a diagnostic test for the identification of molecular cations and anions by matrix infrared spectroscopy.
Study of smart-sensing elements in a dynamic stress field

The desire to counteract impact loads on laminated structures in order to reduce ply damage has recently led to research using smart materials in laminated composites. The ability to sense the onset of these impact loads using piezoelectric material is the first step in the damage control process. This research focuses on smart laminated plates under impact and the electric field created by piezoelectric patches in the structure. A modified version of an existing finite element program is used to numerically simulate a laminated plate under a low velocity impact. Linear constitutive relations are used in the program which calculate the electric field generated by the in-plane strains on the piezoelectric plies. Several studies are made comparing the electric field generated by patches of piezoelectric material of varying size, shape, and location within the plate. The average electric field generated by larger patches which contain more oscillations of electric field filters the high frequency components. The distance between the impacting point and the piezoelectric sensor is found to be directly related to the lag time between the impact and generation of an electric field.
Morphological Studies in Tricuspid Atresia

Fourteen hearts with tricuspid atresia were reviewed at autopsy. The study included examples of normally related great arteries and of transposition of the great arteries; instances of pulmonary stenosis were present in both groups. In these examples of tricuspid atresia the size of the right ventricle depended on the size of the ventricular septal defect. The ventricular septal defect and the right ventricle usually were smaller in proportion to the size of the heart in specimens with normally related great arteries. In the absence of transposition of the great arteries, the ventricular septal defect was found to be the site of obstruction to pulmonary flow, and its size in relation to the size of the aorta determined the size of the pulmonary artery. Morphologic abnormalities exist in the region in which the proximal portions of the major atrioventricular conduction system (A-V node, bundle of His, origin of bundle branches) normally are located; thus, anatomic abnormalities in the course of the atriove...
Effect of acetazolamide on respiratory muscle fatigue in humans

Previous studies have demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide reduces exercise capacity. The mechanism responsible for this early fatigue is unclear, but may be partly mediated by impaired respiratory muscle function. Inspiratory muscle strength and endurance were assessed in seven healthy men (age 28 ± 5 yrs, ±SD) by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and time to task failure during a constant-load breathing test (CLBT), respectively, under control (CON) and acetazolamide (ACZ; 500 mg/8 h po for 3 days) conditions that were separated by two weeks and randomized between subjects. In addition, MIP was measured before and after moderate-intensity cycling exercise to fatigue while pulmonary gas exchange, plasma pH, and ventilation were measured during exercise. ACZ did not alter pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, MVV) or MIP measured at rest (CON, -157 ± 47 vs. ACZ, -154 ± 45 cmH(2)O, p>0.05), but decreased time to task failure during the CLBT (CON, 1340 ± 820 vs. ACZ, 698 ± 434 s; p=0.01). Exercise duration during cycling exercise was reduced (p=0.003) with ACZ (1090 ± 254 s) compared to CON (1944 ± 532 s) in the presence of a significantly lower plasma pH and higher ventilation compared to control (p<0.05). Compared to resting values, MIP was reduced (p=0.03) in ACZ but not CON at exhaustion. In conclusion, carbonic anhydrase inhibition with ACZ is associated with impaired respiratory muscle function at rest and following constant load cycling which may contribute to reduced exercise tolerance with carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
Riparian and Stream Enhancement Management and Research in the Rocky Mountains

Abstract This report reviews past stream enhancement research in the Rocky Mountains, its adequacy, and research that should be done to improve the effectiveness of future stream enhancement projects. Research is lacking on stream improvement in a watershed context on a long-term basis. Not all streams can be enhanced. Enhancement should be attempted only after techniques described in the literature have been carefully considered and judged appropriate for the selected site.
Stratigraphic profiling with ground-penetrating radar in permafrost: A review of possible analogs for Mars

[1] We review our past and ongoing use of ground-penetrating radar to investigate permafrost in Alaska and in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The results may be relevant to radar efforts on Mars because of arid conditions and the presence of ice. The pulses were centered at 50, 100, and 400 MHz. We interpret profiles from two sites in the eastern Taylor Valley to show glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial stratigraphy. The maximum depth of stratigraphy profiled there was about 33 m. Near Fairbanks, Alaska, the depth of penetration at 50 MHz was near 80 m in marginally frozen and stratified alluvial sands. At the Fairbanks sites, supplementary drilling was required to differentiate between reflections from conductive bedrock, a graphitic schist, and those from the water table at depths of 20–25 m. At a site on the North Slope of Alaska, we profiled present and remnant freezing fronts in an alluvial floodplain. The relative permittivity at most sites ranged between about 4 and 5.5, which is consistent with dry conditions, the mineralogy, and low ice content. Weak interface reflectivity or the lack of further interfaces may have limited the interpretation of maximum penetration where no water table was present because signal absorption should have been low and scarce diffractions imply that scattering was weak. The interface reflectivities beneath Taylor Valley may be a function of only density contrasts, since free water, and possibly ice, is absent.
Adsorption of valeric acid from aqueous solution onto activated carbons: role of surface basic sites

Adsorption of valeric acid was studied on two activated carbons of different origins, wood and bituminous coal. The effect of oxidation on the adsorption uptake was investigated. Both initial samples were oxidized with nitric acid, which caused the introduction of a significant number of oxygen-containing groups onto the carbon surface. Boehm titration, potentiometric titration, thermal analysis, and sorption of nitrogen were used for detailed surface characterization. Valeric acid adsorption from aqueous solution was measured at 333 K. The calculated isotherms showed a good fitting to the Freundlich equation. The capacity coefficients revealed a direct correlation with the number of basic groups present on the surface. The amount of valeric acid adsorbed at its low concentration is dependent on the number of basic groups, whereas at high concentration the amount adsorbed depends on the volume of micropores smaller than 10 A, where the adsorption potential is the strongest.
Bimodal mesoporous carbon synthesized from large organic precursor and amphiphilic tri-block copolymer by self-assembly

Abstract Owing to several disadvantages of traditional hard template based synthesis, soft-template or self-assembly was adopted to synthesize mesoporous carbon. In this work, we have introduced hexaphenol as a new and large organic precursor for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon by self-assembly with Pluronic P123 as structure dictating agent. The resultant mesoporous carbon is bimodal in nature with median pore widths of 29 and 45 A and BET surface area of 312 m2/g. Unlike previously synthesized mesoporous carbon, this carbon possesses negligible micropore volume. This mesoporous carbon is very suitable candidate for several applications including membrane separation, chemical sensor or selective sorption of larger molecules.
COBALT EFFECTS ON CELL DIVISION AND CALCIUM UPTAKE IN THE COCCOLITHOPHORID CRICOSPHAERA CARTERAE (HAPTOPHYCEAE)1

SUMMARY Cobalt was found to produce effects on cell division, cell protein, volume, calcium uptake, and ultrastructure of the calcifying alga Cricosphaera carterae (Braarud & Fager.) Braarud. The rate of cell division increased slightly as the added Co concentration of the medium was increased from 0–10 μM. At higher added Co concentrations, the rate of division decreased approximately linearly with concentration until division was blocked almost completely at 100 μM Co. Inhibition of division was reversible after 2 days in Co. Protein content was elevated in Co-treated nondividing cells but the rate of protein synthesis was markedly reduced. Cell volume also increased progressively with Co concentration, and after 72 h in 200 μM Co, the volume was 3.2 times that in culture medium (0.09 μM Co). Co had a dual effect on calcification as indicated by the uptake of 45Ca. After 48 h treatment, Ca uptake had increased 53% in 100 μM and decreased 40% in 200 μM Co as compared with cells in 0.09 μM Co. Ultrastructurally, Co caused enlargement of the cell vacuole and the appearance of membrane-bound vacuoles containing electron dense bodies.