cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The C-Terminal TDP-43 Fragments Have a High Aggregation Propensity and Harm Neurons by a Dominant-Negative Mechanism

TAR DNA binding protein 43 KD (TDP-43) is an essential gene that regulates gene transcription, mRNA splicing and stability. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), two fatal neurodegenerative diseases, TDP-43 is fragmented, generating multiple fragments that include the C-terminal fragment of ∼25 KD. The role of these fragments in the pathogenesis of ALS and FTD is not clear. Here we investigated the aggregation propensity in various polypeptide regions of TDP-43 in mammalian cells and the effect of these fragments on cultured neurons. By expressing the full length and various TDP-43 fragments in motor neuron-derived NSC-34 cells and primary neurons, we found that both N- and C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 are prone to aggregate and the C-terminal end of RRM2 region is required, though not sufficient, for aggregation. The aggregation of the TDP-43 fragments can drive co-aggregation with the full-length TDP-43, consequently reducing the nuclear TDP-43. In addition, the TDP-43 fragments can impair neurite growth during neuronal differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of the full-length TDP-43 rescues the neurite growth phenotype whereas knockdown of the endogenous TDP-43 reproduces this phenotype. These results suggest that TDP-43 fragments, particularly the pathologically relevant C-terminal fragments, can impair neuronal differentiation by dominant-negatively interfering with the function of the full length TDP-43, thus playing a role in pathogenesis in ALS and FTD.
Sufficient conditions for global weak Pareto solutions in multiobjective optimization

In this paper we derive new sufficient conditions for global weak Pareto solutions to set-valued optimization problems with general geometric constraints of the type $$\begin{aligned} \text{ maximize}\quad F(x) \quad \text{ subject} \text{ to}\quad x\in \Omega , \end{aligned}$$ where \(F: X\rightrightarrows Z\) is a set-valued mapping between Banach spaces with a partial order on \(Z\). Our main results are established by using advanced tools of variational analysis and generalized differentiation; in particular, the extremal principle and full generalized differential calculus for the subdifferential/coderivative constructions involved. Various consequences and refined versions are also considered for special classes of problems in vector optimization including those with Lipschitzian data, with convex data, with finitely many objectives, and with no constraints.
fMRI reliability in subjects with stroke

Functional MRI (fMRI) has become one of the most commonly used neuroimaging tools to assess the cortical effects associated with rehabilitation, learning, or disease recovery in subjects with stroke. Despite this, there has been no systematic study of the reliability of the fMR signal in this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the within- and between-session reliability of fMRI in cortical and cerebellar structures in subjects with stroke during a complex, continuous visual motor task performed with the less affected hand. Nine subjects with stroke underwent four testing trials during two sessions separated by three weeks. Subjects performed a drawing task using an MRI compatible joystick while in the MRI. Methods of analysis evaluated included: percent signal intensity change, active voxel count and a voxel by voxel stat value analysis within and between testing sessions. Reliability was determined with Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in the following regions of interest: primary motor (M1), primary sensory (S1), premotor cortex (PMC), medial cerebellum (MCB), and lateral cerebellum (LCB). Results indicate that intensity change has superior reliability to the other methods of analysis (Average ICC across brain regions and trials: intensity change: 0.73, voxel count: 0.58, voxel by voxel: 0.67) and that generally with any analysis method, within-session reliability was higher than between-session, as indicated by higher ICC values across brain regions. Overall, when comparing between-session results, moderate to good reliability was obtained with intensity change (ICC: M1: 0.52, S1: 0.80, SMA: 0.78, PMC: 0.94, MCB: 0.86, and LCB: 0.59). These results show good reliability in subjects with stroke when performing a continuous motor task. These findings give confidence for interpreting fMRI test/retest research in subjects with stroke.
Restoration of vegetation communities of created depressional marshes in Ohio and Colorado (USA): The importance of initial effort for mitigation success

Abstract Many studies have attempted to assess the ability of created wetlands to replace the ecological structure and functions of natural wetlands over short time periods ( 14 years). Data suggest that created marshes that seem to be approaching floristic equivalency in early years following construction may level off or even dramatically decline over longer time periods (10–20 years) for certain floristic indicators. Restoration trajectories for Ohio created marshes with strong initial restoration efforts predict floristic equivalency in a median of 14 years compared to 24 years for sites with weak initial efforts. Created marshes with strong initial restoration efforts displayed significantly greater plant species richness, number of native plant species, and number of hydrophytes than sites with low initial efforts, indicating the importance of planting, soil transport and/or contouring in establishing a wetland's restoration trajectory.
Static and Dynamic Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence in Various Proteins by a Chromium (III) Complex

ABSTRACT The interaction of a chromium (III) complex, (R,R)-N,N′-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexane-diaminochromium (III), with human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, and free tryptophan was studied using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. Dynamic and static quenching constants were calculated using Stern-Volmer kinetics. The complex bound more tightly to the serum albumins than to lysozyme or free tryptophan, but only one binding site was determined in all systems. The interaction was also determined to be thermodynamically favorable, and the binding constants were on the order of 103–106. The fluorescence quenching was static in nature with Forster distances in the 1.8–2.0 nm range.
Parenting and childhood anxiety: theory, empirical findings, and future directions

Theories of anxiety development suggest that parental acceptance, control, and modeling of anxious behaviors are associated with children's manifestations of anxiety. This paper reviews research published in the past decade on the relation between parenting and childhood anxiety. Observed parental control during parent-child interactions was consistently linked with shyness and child anxiety disorders across studies. Mixed support for the role of parental acceptance and modeling of anxious behaviors was found in observational studies. However, there was little evidence supporting the contention that self-reported parenting style was related to children's trait anxiety. Because of limitations associated with past research, inferences about the direction of effects linking parenting and child anxiety cannot be made. A conceptual framework based on recent models of anxiety development (e.g., Vasey & Dadds, 2001) is presented to aid in the interpretation of extant research findings and to provide suggestions for future research and theory development. Improved methodological designs are proposed, including the use of repeated-measure and experimental designs for examining the direction of effects.
Real-Time Parallel Processing Of Pixel Arrays Using Adaptive Logic

The paper addresses the detection of line segments and terminations on binary pixels arrays and describes a matching class of parallel algorithms and a VLSI compatible Boolean pyramid architectures.
Patient consent and negotiation in the Brooklyn gynecological practice of Alexander J.C. Skene: 1863-1900.

The prevailing view in bioethics is that the relationship between doctors and their patients was largely a silent one before the landmark court decisions of the twentieth century. Some have proposed that this was not always the case. This paper provides historical evidence of consent and negotiation in one nineteenth century gynecological practice. The Clinical Records and writings of Dr. Alexander J.C. Skene, who practiced in Brooklyn, New York from 1863 to 1900, have been examined for evidence of discussion, consent and even negotiation with patients. Although this evidence comes from only one practice, it is especially significant because it was largely a gynecological practice with women who were varied in socioeconomic status and ethnic origin. The importance of documenting physician-patient relationships which included patients in decision-making before Schloendorff (1914) established the legal doctrine of informed consent cannot be underestimated.
Flux Trapping and Flux Pumping with Solenoidal Superconductors

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the flux trapping and flux pumping with solenoidal superconductors. Some of the cryogenic and magnetic techniques developed to study the properties of superconductors of large cross section are discussed, and preliminary results on these properties for a number of Nb–Sn samples are presented. The utilization of these materials for the construction of persistent magnets is described. The method simply involves the placement of a short circuited coil of heavy wire or ribbon, or of a cylindrical shell fabricated from an appropriate superconductor inside the cryogenic region of a high field magnet. Induced currents are set up by changing the applied magnetic field. The magnitude of these shielding or trapping currents is calculated by observing the field inside the superconducting shape using a calibrated bismuth magneto-resistance probe and there is no need for high current leads and the only limitations on specimen size is given by the diameter of the cryogenic high field region, which is 4.9 cm in particular 80 kOe installation.
Self-assembled quantum dot-bioconjugates: characterization and use for sensing proteolytic activity

We present a characterization of the metal-affinity driven self-assembly between luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and either peptides or proteins appended with various length terminal polyhistidine tags. We first monitor the kinetics of self-assembly between surface-immobilized QDs and proteins/peptides under flow conditions (immobilized). To accomplish this, the QDs were immobilized onto functionalized substrates and then exposed to dye-labeled peptides/proteins. By using evanescent wave excitation of the substrate, self-assembly was assessed by monitoring the time-dependent changes in the dye fluorescence. This configuration was complemented with experiments using freely diffusing QDs and proteins/peptides (solution-phase) via energy transfer between QDs and dye-labeled proteins/peptides. Cumulatively, these measurements allowed determination of kinetic parameters, including association and dissociation rates ( k on and k off ) and the binding constant ( K d ). We find that self-assembly is rapid with an equilibrium constant K d -1 in the low nM. We next demonstrate the importance of understanding this self-assembly by creating QD-peptide bioconjugates which we employ as substrates to monitor the cleavage activity of proteolytic enzymes. This confirms that metal-affinity interactions can provide QD-bioconjugates that are functional and stable.
A family model of migration

Abstract The family is not only a social but also an economic institution. It produces some goods and services exclusively for its members. An individual contemplating migration must consider the loss of some or all of the benefits of family membership. The extent of the loss depends on the family's willingness and ability to continue to provide services to the migrant. The family, therefore, can influence the migration decision of one of its members. This paper explores the relationship between individual and family interests in the migration decision in the context of the extended family in developing countries.
Gestational nicotine exposure alone or in combination with ethanol down-modulates offspring immune function.

Abstract Prenatal nicotine exposure has been shown to disrupt the development of a number of peripheral organs. In the current study, we examined the effects of gestational nicotine exposure, alone or in combination with ethanol exposure, on offspring immune function. Timed pregnant rats were treated with either nicotine (6 mg/kg/day) from gestation day 4–20 using subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps or ethanol administered in the drinking water (15% w/v) from gestation day 10–20. The combined exposure group received both treatments. The ability of offspring T and B cells to proliferate in response to nonspecific stimulation by Concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide, respectively, was determined on postnatal days 9, 15, 22, 29, 64, and 86. Offspring splenocyte β2-adrenoceptor binding was also measured. Nicotine or nicotine+ethanol suppressed splenocyte responsiveness to Concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide which was similar in timing and magnitude to that seen with ethanol alone. Splenocytes from these groups remained subresponsive to stimulation well into adulthood. The combined drug treatment caused an overall reduction in spleen β-adrenergic receptor binding whereas the individual drug treatments did not alter the development of spleen β-adrenergic receptors. Our results indicate that prenatal nicotine exposure can cause long-term suppression of the proliferative response of offspring immune cells. Moreover, the effects of nicotine+ethanol may cause more severe deficits in adulthood.
Posttransplant diabetes mellitus: cause, impact, and treatment options.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increased in adult organ transplant recipients. As many as 30% to 45% of solid organ adult transplant patients have DM before transplantation or develop posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Risk factors for PTDM include family history, ethnic or genetic background, insulin resistance, and diabetogenic effects of immunosuppressive medications. Posttransplant hyperglycemia may result in increased platelet aggregation, increased wound infections, dehydration, and loss of lean body mass. More significantly, long-term complications of DM such as coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease may be exacerbated with the use of immunosuppressive medications whose known side effects include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension; these effects may lead to premature transplant graft dysfunction. Treatment goals for PTDM reflect those of the American Diabetes Association guidelines; long-term management is linked with early, patient-centered education...
Status of management of controlled drugs in Taiwan: Inspection during 2002–2011

Abstract The three major United Nations international drug control conventions set a supportive and complementary system to effectively control the production (manufacture), trafficking and abuse of drugs. In response to the spirit of the United Nations drug control treaties, Taiwan has instituted a framework of classification administration and license issuance. There is also circulation control for managing the diversion of controlled drugs from pharmaceutical plants and medical institutions, as well as the use of controlled drugs among pharmaceutical and medical professionals under the Controlled Drugs Act. Most of the controlled drug registration licenses and prescription licenses issued by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration by the end of 2011 were for clinics (7186) and physicians (39,329), respectively. This article examines the results of the inspection from 2002 to 2011 on controlled drugs carried out by the Taiwan Health Department. A total of 2254 violations from 159,494 inspections were reported, resulting in a non-compliance rate of 1.41%. The majority of the violations involved a failure to keep correct records in the controlled drug logs. The failure to report as regulated the inventory status by registrants increased in the past decade. On the contrary, there was a significant decrease in the failure to keep records of the inventory status of controlled drugs over the same period. In addition, the inappropriate prescription of controlled drugs has become a growing concern. The findings revealed that not only diversion, but also abuse of controlled drugs is a major concern in Taiwan. Finally, it is important to develop educational programs and practice guidelines to help physicians prescribe appropriately, as well as to prevent diversion and abuse.
Phosphorescent states of aromatic thioketones with large zero-field splittings investigated by optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Abstract The phosphorescent triplet states of a series of aromatic thioketones exhibiting unusually large zero-field splittings (ZFSs) have been investigated by optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ODMR) in zero applied magnetic field at 1.2 K. Molecules examined include 4H-pyran-4-thione (PT), 2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran-4-thione (DMPT), chromthione (CT), xanthione-h8 (XT) and xanthione-d8 (DXT). The ZFS parameters and the individual sublevel decay rate constants of the lowest excited 3(nπ*) triplet state (T1) are compared in the series. The phosphorescence of these thioketones consists of two optically resolved subspectra which are assigned to the (Tx, Ty) and Tz; triplet sublevel manifolds of T1; they are split by an unusually large ZFS parameter, D. The temperature dependence of the relative intensities of the subspectra originating from a highly resolved n-alkane Shpol'skii matrix is consistent with the populations of the two sublevels existing in thermal equilibrium over the temperature range examined.
Platoon-based self-scheduling for real-time traffic signal control

In this paper, we take a self-scheduling approach to solving the traffic signal control problem, where each intersection is controlled by a self-interested agent operating with a limited (fixed horizon) view of incoming traffic. Central to the approach is a representation that aggregates incoming vehicles into critical clusters, based on the non-uniformly distributed nature of road traffic flows. Starting from a recently developed signal timing strategy based on clearing anticipated queues, we propose extended real-time decision policies that also incorporate look-ahead of approaching vehicle platoons, and thus focus attention more on keeping vehicles moving than on simply clearing queues. We present simulation results that demonstrate the benefit of our approach over simple queue clearing, both in promoting the establishment of “green waves” where vehicles move through the road network without stopping and in improving overall traffic flows.
HEIGHTS OF CENTRAL ABSORBING REGIONS FOR A STRONG AURORAL ABSORPTION EVENT AT LOWER LATITUDE

ABNORMAL ionospheric absorption of cosmic radio noise has been investigated at Moscow (46° 44′ N., 117° 00′ W.), Idaho, U.S.A., since September 1962. Observations are being made by three riometers operating at the frequencies of 20, 30 and 40.25 Mc/s.
Myricetin 3-O-methyl ether 3′-O-β-d-glucoside, the major flavonoid of Oenothera speciosa (Onagraceae)

Abstract The major flavonoid of Oenothera speciosa has been shown to be a new natural product, myricetin 3-O-methyl ether 3′-O-β- d -glucoside.
Survey of Angling in Lake Superior Waters at Isle Royale National Park, 1998

Abstract An on-site direct-contact creel survey was conducted in the Lake Superior waters of Isle Royale National Park during June–August 1998 to estimate fishing effort, sport catch, sport harvest, and residency of noncharter boaters. The sport harvest of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush and coaster brook trout S. fontinalis was of particular concern. Estimates were based on boat counts from air flights and from the ferry vessel Voyageur II, as well as from interviews of boating parties at Isle Royale, Michigan, ports; at Grand Portage, Minnesota; and onboard the ferry vessel Ranger III. Total boating effort at Isle Royale National Park during June–August was 29,273 h, of which 696 h (2%) involved charter fishing boats, 19,340 h (66%) noncharter fishing boats, and the remaining 9,237 h (32%) nonfishing boats. Most boaters were from Minnesota and Michigan, which together accounted for 95% of the noncharter anglers and 70% of the nonfishing boaters. Total angler hours for the period were 62,232. Lake trout ...
A 7-Year Review of the Safety of Tonsillectomy during Short-Term Medical Mission Trips

Objective. To evaluate the safety of tonsillectomy in a short-term medical mission setting.Study Design. Retrospective chart review.Setting. Catholic mission hospital in Guatemala.Subjects and Meth...
Testosterone secretion by rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, and hamster testes perfused in vitro: correlation with Leydig cell mass.

Stereological methods were employed to determine volume and surface densities of cytoplasmic organelles in Leydig cells of hamster, rat, rabbit, dog, and guinea pig testes. Contralateral testes were perfused in vitro with maximally stimulating gonadotropin concentrations to determine the capacity of these testes to secrete testosterone. Significantly different amounts of testosterone were secreted by in vitro perfused testes of the five species when maximally stimulated with ovine LH. Significant differences also were seen in the volume and surface densities of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and lipids in Leydig cell cytoplasm of the five species. Most interestingly, linear positive correlations were seen between testosterone secretion and smooth endoplasmic reticulum volume (r = 0.99) and surface (r = 0.99) densities. Thus, virtually all of the differences in testosterone secretion by maximally stimulated testes of five species could be accounted for by between-s...
The Src kinase Yes is activated in pancreatic acinar cells by gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters, but not pancreatic growth factors, which stimulate its association with numerous other signaling molecules

For growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors and numerous other stimuli, the Src Family of kinases (SFK) play a central signaling role. SFKs also play an important role in pancreatic acinar cell function including metabolism, secretion, endocytosis, growth and cytoskeletal integrity, although the specific SFKs involved are not fully known. In the present study we used specific antibodies for the SFK, Yes, to determine its presence, activation by pancreatic secretagogues or growth factors, and interaction with cellular signaling cascades mediated by CCK in which Yes participates in to cause acinar cell responses. Yes was identified in acini and secretagogues known to activate phospholipase C (PLC) [CCK, carbachol, bombesin] as well as post-receptor stimulants activating PKC [TPA] or mobilizing cellular calcium [thapsigargin/calcium ionophore (A23187)] each activated Yes. Secretin, which activates adenylate cyclase did not stimulate Yes, nor did pancreatic growth factors. CCK activation of Yes required both high- and low-affinity CCK(1)-receptor states. TPA-/CCK-stimulated Yes activation was completely inhibited by thapsigargin and the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X. CCK/TPA stimulated the association of Yes with focal adhesion kinases (Pyk2, FAK) and its autophosphorylated forms (pY397FAK, pY402Pyk2). Moreover, CCK/TPA stimulated Yes interacted with a number of other signaling proteins, including Shc, PKD, p130(Cas), PI3K and PTEN. This study demonstrates that in rat pancreatic acini, the SFK member Yes is expressed and activated by CCK and other gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters. Because its activation results in the direct activation of many cellular signaling cascades that have been shown to mediate CCK's effect in acinar cell function our results suggest that it is one of the important pancreatic SFKs mediating these effects.
Building the evidentiary framework for pharmacogenetic testing: is it time to move beyond randomized controlled trials?

There is a rapidly expanding evidentiary gap between new molecular markers predictive of drug response and data that supports using such molecular markers (e.g., DNA, RNA or smallmolecule-based tests) in clinical practice. This evidence gap is a barrier to realizing the promise of personalized medicine where treatments are tailored to a patient’s individual characteristics. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the ‘gold-standard’ metric for establishing the evidence that a particular intervention is superior to the current standard of care. However, the RCT is not without limitations and may not be the appropriate level of evidence required to support the clinical use of pharmacogenomic testing. We live in an environment where it is impractical to expect a RCT for each new marker. We should not abandon evidence-based practices when deciding to use a new pharmaco genomic marker; instead, clinicians and researchers must decide the appropriate level of evidence, short of the RCT, that supports the use of a novel pharmacogenomic marker in clinical care.
Risk of noncardiac surgery after coronary drug-eluting stent implantation.

We examined the records of 38 patients who underwent 41 major and 18 minor noncardiac surgeries after successful drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation (57% sirolimus-eluting stents and 43% paclitaxel-eluting stents) at the Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center from April 2003 to January 2006. The mean patient age was 62 ± 9 years, and all patients were men. A total of 41 major noncardiac surgeries (34% abdominal, 22% vascular, 17% genitourinary, and 27% other) were performed in 28 patients a median of 260 days after DES implantation. Also, 18 minor noncardiac surgeries (44% skin surgery, 44% injections, and 12% other) were performed in 10 patients a median of 297 days after DES implantation. No major adverse cardiac events or death occurred during or after the 41 major (0%, 95% confidence interval 0% to 9%) and 18 minor noncardiac (0%, 95% confidence interval 0% to 19%) surgeries. In conclusion, although our data were limited by the small sample size, they suggest a low risk of major cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery after coronary DES implantation.
The Two Faces of Government Spending

Scholars have known for some time that attitudes toward federal spending on welfare are shaped by racial antipathies. Are attitudes toward spending on nonwelfare social programs similarly grounded? This article explores the dimensionality of spending attitudes and the extent to which they are rooted in stereotypical beliefs about blacks. Analysis of data from the 1992, 1996, and 2000 National Election Studies demonstrates that whites' attitudes toward welfare spending and social spending are structured in two-dimensional terms and that stereotypical beliefs about the work ethic of blacks systematically constrain their welfare attitudes and do not affect attitudes toward other social programs.
Building True Capacity: Indigenous Models for Indigenous Communities

Within the past 2 decades, community capacity building and community empowerment have emerged as key strategies for reducing health disparities and promoting public health. As with other strategies and best practices, these concepts have been brought to indigenous (American Indian and Alaska Native) communities primarily by mainstream researchers and practitioners. Mainstream models and their resultant programs, however, often have limited application in meeting the needs and realities of indigenous populations. Tribes are increasingly taking control of their local health care services. It is time for indigenous people not only to develop tribal programs but also to define and integrate the underlying theoretical and cultural frameworks for public health application.
Highly linear high-density vector quantiser and vector-matrix multiplier

Simplicity is a key factor in the development of high-density systems. The authors discuss a balanced, four-quadrant, fully-analogue vector-matrix multiplier (VMM) and a vector quantiser (VQ) which require very small silicon area for their implementations, while presenting high linearity, a totally flexible input dynamic range, a symmetric power consumption behaviour, and are inherently suitable for parallel operation. The circuits require only four transistors per synapse in the VMM and two in the VQ, plus two (small) refresh transistors.
ACP Journal Club. Review: cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) reduces mortality in adults; other forms of vitamin D do not.

Source Citation Bjelakovic G, Gluud LL, Nikolova D, et al. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD007470. 21735411
Catalogue of the ‘Silurian’

The Silurian System by R. I. Murchison Ellis L. Yochelson. Department of Paleobiology
Edward J. Bloustein Dictionary Collection Bibliography

Edward J. Bloustein Dictionary Collection Bibliography. A complete listing of the dictionaries in the Edward J. Bloustein Dictionary Collection. It supplements the previous article, "Exploring the Edward J. Bloustein Dictionary Collection."
Resuscitation of dogs from cold-water submersion using cardiopulmonary bypass.

In cold-water drowning, attempts at restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) often fail. We explored the longest period of asphyxial cardiac arrest from cold-water submersion (without inhalation of water) from which ROSC is possible using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In 19 lightly anesthetized dogs the tracheal tube was clamped (simulating laryngospasm) and the dogs were immersed in ice water for 20, 40, 60, 90, or 120 minutes. Cardiac arrest occurred after six to 11 minutes of submersion. At start of resuscitation, rectal temperature ranged from 21 C (after 60 minutes) to 34 C (after 20 minutes of submersion), and cerebral temperature was between 7 C (after 120 minutes) and 27 C (after 20 minutes submersion). Resuscitation attempts were performed according to protocol in 16 dogs, using only CPB by venoarterial pumping with an oxygenator and a heat exchanger. Priming was with 400 to 800 mL Dextran 40 and Ringer's solution 1:1 plus heparin. CPB flows were 10 mL/kg/min, and they increased to achieve normotension and return of rectal temperature to 32 C. After one-half to three hours, of CPB, ROSC was successful in 75%. This percentage included one of three dogs after 90 minutes submersion, but not in the one dog after 120 minutes submersion. Spontaneous breathing and EEG activity returned in 56% at two to 24 hours, after 20 to 90 minutes of submersion. Failure of ROSC attempts apparently were due to clotting in large vessels during arrest and capillary leakage during reperfusion. CPB is effective for ROSC after prolonged hypothermic cardiac arrest, and it should be evaluated in animal outcome studies.
Intermolecular interactions in organic crystals: gaining insight from electronic structure analysis by density functional theory

Conceptual density functional theory is exploited to extend the HSAB (hard and soft acids and bases) principle for investigating the locality and regioselectivity of intermolecular interactions in organic crystals. Local hardness and softness, facilitated by Hirshfeld analysis, appear to quantitatively characterize the strength of intermolecular interactions.
Remarks on exact controllability for the Navier-Stokes equations

We study the local exact controllability problem for the Navier-Stokes equations that describe an incompressible fluid flow in a bounded domain Ω with control distributed in a subdomain . The result that we obtained in this paper is as follows. Suppose that is a given solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. Let be a given initial condition and where e is small enough. Then there exists a locally distributed control $u, \text{supp}\, u\subset (0,T)\times \omega $ such that the solution v(t,x) of the Navier-Stokes equations: \partial_tv-\Delta v+(v,\nabla)v=\nabla p+u+f, \,\, \text{\rm div}\, v=0,\,\, v\vert_{\partial\Omega}=0, \,\, v \vert_{t=0} = v_0 coincides with at the instant T : .
P3a and P3b from typical auditory and visual stimuli.

Objective: Target/standard discrimination difficulty was manipulated systematically to assess how this variable affects target and nontarget P300 scalp distributions for both auditory and visual stimuli. Design and methods: A 3-stimulus paradigm (target, standard, nontarget) was employed in which subjects (n = 16) responded only to an infrequently occurring target stimulus. The perceptual discrimination difficulty between the target and more frequently occurring standard stimuli was varied as Easy or Difficult in different conditions, while holding the nontarget stimulus properties constant. Results: When target/standard discrimination was Easy, P300 amplitude was larger for the target than the nontarget across all electrode sites, and both demonstrated parietal maximums. In contrast, when target/standard discrimination was Difficult, target amplitude (P3b) was larger parietally and occurred later than nontarget components, whereas nontarget amplitude (P3a) was larger and earlier than the target P300 over the frontal electrode sites. Similar outcomes across task conditions were obtained for both auditory and visual stimuli. Conclusions: The findings suggest that target/standard discrimination difficulty, rather than stimulus novelty, determines P3a generation for both auditory and visual stimulus modalities. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Intestinal organic anion transport, glutathione transferase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity: effect of dioxin.

Abstract Benzyl penicillin, p-aminohippurate and phlorizin are passively transported across the intestinal wall of rat everted gut sacs. The mid-intestine takes up more organic anion than the duodenum or terminal ileum and also moves significantly more anion into the serosal fluid than the more proximal or distal segments of intestine. About the same amount (40%) of the anion taken up by the various regions of the intestine remains in the wall of the gut sac after incubation. This pattern of organic anion transport down the intestine is different than the aboral gradient of glutathione S-transferase activity found in the intestine, suggesting that the two mechanisms are not directly related in the intestine. Oral and intraperitoneal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases iron transport and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the intestine and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and glutathione S-transferase activity in the liver. By contrast, intestinal glutathione S-transferase and organic anion transport are not affected by TCDD treatment. Intestinal transport and enzymatic mechanisms apparently respond differently to TCDD than those previously described in the liver and kidney.
Does transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix predict preterm premature rupture of membranes in a high-risk population?

Objectives To determine in patients with a cervical length < 25 mm on transvaginal ultrasound if the severity of cervical length shortening can be used to predict preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and the contribution of PPROM to preterm delivery in these patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed asymptomatic singleton pregnancies between 14 and 24 weeks at high risk of preterm delivery by obstetric history and transvaginal cervical length < 25 mm. Cases developing subsequent PPROM were compared with controls for transvaginal sonographic cervical characteristics. Results Of 69 patients identified to have a cervical length 75% (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 33, 93, 75 and 68%, respectively; odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–26.9). Stepwise logistic regression revealed cervical length to be a significant predictor of PPROM (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–14.2). Conclusion In patients at high risk for preterm delivery because of obstetric history and transvaginal sonographic cervical length 75% were most predictive of PPROM. PPROM was the major contributor to preterm delivery in these patients. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Use of Circulation Statistics and Interlibrary Loan Data in Collection Management

ABSTRACT This article reports the use of “percentage of expected use” (Mills 1981) and “ratio of borrowings to holdings” (Aguilar 1986) to analyze data gathered from the automated circulation and interlibrary loan system of the central university libraries, Baylor University, Waco, Texas. The study, limited to circulating monographs with selected LC classification subclasses, revealed the areas of the collections attracting heavy usage and high interlibrary loan requests. The study concluded that although the libraries are meeting the needs of undergraduate and graduate programs, there is need for a closer scrutiny of some areas of the collection that attract less circulation and interlibrary loan requests.
Efficient enumeration of frequent sequences

In this paper we present SPADE, a new algorithm for fast discovery of Sequential Patterns. The existing solutions to this problem make repeated database scans, and use complex hash structures which have poor locality. SPADE utilizes combinatorial properties to decompose the original problem into smaller sub-problems, that can be independently solved in main-memory using efficient lattice search techniques, and using simple join operations. All sequences are discovered in only three database scans. Experiments show that SPADE outperforms the best previous algorithm by a factor of two, and by an order of magnitude with some pre-processed data. It also has linear scalability with respect to the number of customers, and a number of other database parameters.
Population-centered life skills groups: Perceptions of satisfaction and engagement

PURPOSE. We examined the satisfaction with and engagement in population-centered life skills groups of women in a residential facility for substance dependence. METHOD. This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 561 surveys designed to elicit Likert scale client ratings. Descriptive statistics were used to examine client satisfaction. Differences in client engagement by content focus and activity process were also examined by analyzing the median scores of eight life skills development questions using the Kruskal–Wallis test of medians. RESULTS. Collectively, 96.8% of those who completed the surveys were satisfied with the living skills groups; 73.3% strongly agreed, and 23.4% agreed. No significant differences (p > .05) were found in the median scores of the engagement responses by either content focus or activity process. CONCLUSION. Population-centered life skills groups conceptualized within a holistic Person–Environment–Occupation model appear to be satisfactory and engaging interventions for women in recovery
Thermal effects on mechanical grinding-induced surface texture in tetragonal piezoelectrics

The effect of temperature on grinding-induced texture in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead titanate (PT) has been investigated using in situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) with an area detector. In contrast with previous results on electrical poling, mechanically-ground PT and soft PZT materials retain strong ferroelastic textures during thermal cycling, even after excursions to temperatures slightly above the Curie temperature. The relationship between the residual stresses in the surface region, caused by grinding, and those resulting from domain wall motion is elucidated by in situ texture measurements obtained during thermal cycling.
Excimer versus carbon dioxide transmyocardial laser revascularization: effects on regional left ventricular function and perfusion

Abstract Background . Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) has been established with the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser. The largely unstudied excimer laser creates channels through chemical bond dissociation instead of thermal ablation, thereby avoiding thermal injury. We sought to compare the effects of CO 2 and excimer TMR in a porcine model of chronic ischemia. Methods . Pigs underwent ameroid constrictor placement on the circumflex artery to create chronic ischemia. TMR was performed with CO 2 (n = 8) or excimer (n = 8) laser 6 weeks later; controls (n = 7) had ameroid placement only. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF), determined by radioactive microspheres, and regional myocardial function, determined by percent segmental shortening (%SS), were assessed 18 weeks after ameroid placement. Results . Values are mean ± SD. In the ischemic zone, RMBF (mL/min/g) was improved in the CO 2 (0.73 ± 0.19) and excimer (0.78 ± 0.22) groups when compared with controls (0.55% ± 0.12%, p 2 (15.2% ± 5.5%) and excimer (15.3% ± 5.1%) groups when compared with controls (8.0% ± 4.2%, p Conclusions . Excimer and CO 2 TMR significantly improve RMBF and regional function in this porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia despite fundamentally different tissue interactions.
Exploring the ELSI universe: critical issues in the evolution of human genomic research

A report on the National Human Genome Research Institute's Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Research Program 2011 Congress, 'Exploring the ELSI Universe', Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, 12-14 April 2011.
Warning Color Changes in Response to Food Deprivation in the Pipevine Swallowtail Butterfly, Battus philenor

Predation on distasteful animals should favor warning coloration that is relatively conspicuous and phenotypically invariable. However, even among similarly colored individuals there can be variation in their warning signals. In butterflies, individual differences in larval feeding history could cause this variation. The warning signal of the pipevine swallowtail butterfly, Battus philenor L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) consists of both a blue iridescent patch and pigmentbased orange spots on the ventral hindwing. B. philenor males also display a dorsal surface iridescent patch that functions as a sexual indicator signal. A previous study of iridescence in B. philenor found that the iridescent blue on both the dorsal and ventral hind wings is variable and significantly different between lab-reared and field-caught individuals. These differences could be the result of larval food deprivation in the field. Through experimental manipulation of larval diet, larval food deprivation was evaluated as a potential cause of the differences observed between lab and field individuals, and if food deprivation is a source of inter-individual variation in warning signals. B. philenor larvae were food restricted starting at two points in the last larval instar, and one group was fed through pupation. Adult coloration was then compared. Food deprivation led to poorer adult condition, as indicated by lower adult body mass, forewing length, and fat content of stressed individuals. As the level of food deprivation increased, the hue of the iridescent patches on both the dorsal and ventral hind wing shifted to shorter wavelengths, and the chroma of the orange spots decreased. The shifts in iridescent color did not match the differences previously found between lab and field individuals. However, the treatment differences indicate that food deprivation may be a significant source of warning color variation. The differences between the treatment groups are likely detectable by predators, but the effect of the variation on signal effectiveness and function remains to be empirically explored.
Treatment of high-risk uterine cancer with whole abdominopelvic radiation therapy.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the treatment outcomes in patients with optimally debulked Stage III and IV endometrial adenocarcinoma (ACA) or Stages I–IV uterine papillary serous (UPSC) or clear cell (CCC) carcinoma of the uterus, treated postoperatively with whole abdominopelvic irradiation (WAPI). Methods and Materials: Between 1979 and 1998, 48 patients received postoperative WAPI at our institution. Twenty-two patients had FIGO Stage III or Stage IV ACA and 26 patients had FIGO Stages I–IV UPSC or CCC. The median dose was 30 Gy to the upper abdomen and 49.8 Gy to the pelvis. Mean follow-up was 37 months (2.4–135 months). Results: The 3-year estimated disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for the entire group were 60% and 77%, respectively. Patients with ACA had 3-year DFS and OS of 79% and 89%, respectively, compared with 47% and 68% in the UPSC/CCC group. Early-stage patients (I and II) with UPSC/CCC had 3-year DFS and OS of 87% compared with 32% and 61% in those with advanced (Stage III and IV) disease. The 3-year actuarial major complication rate was 7%, with no treatment-related deaths. All 4 failures in the ACA group were extra-abdominal and 6 of the 11 in the UPSC/CCC group had an extra-abdominal component. Age and UPSC/CCC histology were significant prognostic factors for DFS and OS. In addition, stage and number of extrauterine sites of disease were significant predictors for DFS in UPSC/CCC. Conclusion: WAPI is a safe, effective treatment for patients with optimally debulked advanced-stage uterine ACA or early-stage UPSC/CCC. Survival was significantly worse in advanced-stage UPSC/CCC patients. We recommend future trials of WAPI with concurrent, or subsequent systemic therapy in patients with advanced-stage UPSC or CCC.
Dynamics and Control of a Minimally Actuated Biomimetic Vehicle: Part I - Aerodynamic Model

An aerodynamic model for the forces and moments acting on a minimally actuated flapping wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV) are derived from blade element theory. The proposed vehicle is similar to the Harvard RoboFly that accomplished the first takeoff of an insect scale flapping wing aircraft, except that it is equipped with independently actuated wings and the vehicle center-of-gravity can be manipulated for control purposes. Using a blade element-based approach, both instantaneous and cycle-averaged forces and moments are computed for a specific type of wing beat motion that enables nearly decoupled, multi-degree-of-freedom control of the aircraft. The wing positions are controlled using oscillators whose frequencies change once per wing beat cycle. A new technique is introduced, called Split-Cycle Constant-Period Frequency Modulation, that has the desirable property of providing a high level of control input decoupling for vehicles without active angle-of-attack control. Like the RoboFly, the wing angle-ofattack variation is passive by design, and is a function of the instantaneous angular velocity of the wing in the stroke plane. A control-oriented dynamic model of the vehicle is derived, which is based on a cycle-averaged � Senior Aerospace Engineer, Control Design and Analysis Branch, 2210 Eighth Street, Ste. 21, Air Force