cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen transport: an analysis of short-term blood flow autoregulation

A model for studying oxygen transport was used to examine the acute blood flow autoregulation phenomenon and its effectiveness for maintaining tissue oxygenation under different physiological conditions. The effectiveness of tissue oxygenation was judged by the level of venous blood oxygen tension, PVo2. Three sets of conditions were studied with, and again without, autoregulation present. First, arterial blood oxygen tension, Pao2, was lowered in steps while changes in PVo2 and blood flow were recorded. Second, blood hemoglobin concentration was lowered in steps while Pao2 remained normal. Finally, the rate of oxygen consumption was increased, simulating the increase in metabolism that occurs during strenuous exercise. Although the basic negative feedback gain had been set at the same level in each case, in comparing the results of the different simulations it became apparent that there were notable differences in each of the autoregulatory responses. These observations indicated that the overall effectiveness and the total feedback response of autoregulation could be highly variable, depending on the conditions.
Observing Cognitive Complexity in Primates and Cetaceans

This paper on cognitive complexity in primates and cetaceans is a review of studies that use only observational methods. These studies include descriptive accounts, both qualitative and quantitative, of behavior-in-context in naturally-occurring and quasi-experimental settings, especially involving the micro-analysis of video. To unify this piecemeal but burgeoning literature, “cognition” is taken as embodied, largely visible, and distributed across physical and social environments. Its study involves documenting the adaptation of behavior to changing conditions, especially in ontogeny, tool-use, and social discourse. The studies selected for this review focus on the cognitive complexity that is apparent in the versatility, the hierarchical organization, and the long-term patterning of such behavioral adaptations. Versatility is seen, for example, in the substitution of different acts or objects into established routines, in the size and flexibility of action repertoires that enable variably configured and sequenced performances, and in the marked occurrence of individual differences. Hierarchical organization is seen in the substitution or iteration of a subroutine that fails to disrupt its larger routine, in the simultaneous embedding of one social interaction within the frame of another (as in “social tool” use), and in the insertion of a novel or borrowed subroutine as a tactical response, especially one that temporarily redirects an animal‟s trajectory. The complexity apparent in long-term patterning includes tracking and making selective use of multiple histories (e.g., concerning kinship, rank, etc.) whose predictions and tactics may vary, responding to “market” values that change with ecological and social factors, and exploiting traditions of practice which provide social and material resources that shape engagement and learning. While this literature includes far more primate than cetacean examples, the primate work offers helpful suggestions for settings, issues, and techniques that could be adapted to the sensori-motor, ecological, and social constraints on cetacean cognition. The array of observations reviewed illustrate the utility across species of scoring such parameters as displays of attention in multiple modalities, abrupt trajectory changes, the complementarity and contingency of actions, and the resiliency of sequences, to help identify the media that matter in a given cognitive ecology. Systematic micro-analyses, in conjunction with long-term relational data that track changes in affordances and coordination, make such observational approaches a viable and valuable addition to the study of comparative cognition.
Clinical response and relapse in patients with chronic low back pain following osteopathic manual treatment: Results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial

Clinical response and relapse following a regimen of osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) were assessed in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) within the OSTEOPATHIC Trial, a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Initial clinical response and subsequent stability of response, including final response and relapse status at week 12, were determined in 186 patients with high baseline pain severity (� 50 mm on a 100-mm visual analogue scale). Substantial improvement in LBP, defined as 50% or greater pain reduction relative to baseline, was used to assess clinical response at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12. Sixty-two (65%) patients in the OMT group attained an initial clinical response vs. 41 (45%) patients in the sham OMT group (risk ratio [RR],1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.11e1.90). The median time to initial clinical response to OMT in these patients was 4 weeks. Among patients with an initial clinical response prior to week 12, 13 (24%) patients in the OMT group vs. 18 (51%) patients in the sham OMT group relapsed (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26e0.83). Overall, 49 (52%) patients in the OMT group attained or maintained a clinical response at week 12 vs. 23 (25%) patients in the sham OMT group (RR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.36 e3.05). The large effect size for short-term efficacy of OMT was driven by stable responders who did not relapse.
Mass transfer of volatile organic carbons through aqueous foams.

Abstract A model is developed to study diffusive mass transfer of hydrocarbon vapor through a flexible foam blanket. The model accounts for the diffusion of hydrocarbon vapor through gas-phase and liquid lamellae, the combined gravity and capillary drainage from the plateau border, the thinning of foam lamellae caused by the forces of capillary suction, London–van der Waals attraction, and electrostatic double-layer repulsion, and foam collapse. Uniform bubble size is assumed, and hence, interbubble gas diffusion arising out of variation in bubble sizes alone is not incorporated into the model. A high-stability aqueous foam formulation that remains stable in the presence of oil (hexane) at foam–oil contact was developed using surfactants, stabilizers, and viscosifiers. Emission of hexane vapor through the foam was measured. The model predicts that the initially taller foam columns collapse faster. Their mass-transfer resistance is higher before the onset of collapse but not very different from that of the shorter foam columns at long times. If the solubility and diffusivity of the hexane gas in the foam liquid are unaffected, the foams with higher viscosities persist longer and provide greater diffusive mass-transfer resistance. Foam bubble size does not significantly impact the mass-transfer resistance of the foam column before the onset of foam collapse. However, the foams with smaller bubbles collapse earlier, and their ability to act as a mass-transfer barrier to the diffusing hydrocarbon vapor diminishes rapidly. The experimental results compared reasonably with the model for varying initial foam heights and bubble sizes.
A Three-dimensional Collagen Lattice Induces Protein Kinase C-ζ Activity: Role in α2 Integrin and Collagenase mRNA Expression

A three-dimensional collagen lattice can provide skin fibroblasts with a cell culture environment that simulates normal dermis. Such a collagen matrix environment regulates interstitial collagenase (type I metalloproteinase [MMP-1], collagenase-1) and collagen receptor α2 subunit mRNA expression in both unstimulated or platelet-derived growth factor–stimulated dermal fibroblasts (Xu, J., and R.A.F. Clark. 1996. J. Cell Biol. 132:239–249). Here we report that the collagen gel can signal protein kinase C (PKC)-ζ activation in human dermal fibroblasts. An in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that autophosphorylation of PKC-ζ immunoprecipitates was markedly increased by a collagen matrix. In contrast, no alteration in PKC-ζ protein levels or intracellular location was observed. DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a downstream regulatory target of PKC-ζ, was also increased by fibroblasts grown in collagen gel. The composition of the NF-κB/Rel complexes that contained p50, was not changed. The potential role of PKC-ζ in collagen gel–induced mRNA expression of collagen receptor α2 subunit and human fibroblast MMP-1 was assessed by the following evidence. Increased levels of α2 and MMP-1 mRNA in collagen gel–stimulated fibroblasts were abrogated by bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X and calphostin C, chemical inhibitors for PKC, but retained when cells were depleted of 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)–inducible PKC isoforms by 24 h of pretreatment with phorbol PMA. Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the 5′ end of PKC-ζ mRNA sequences significantly reduced the collagen lattice–stimulated α2 and MMP-1 mRNA levels. Taken together, these data indicate that PKC-ζ, a PKC isoform not inducible by PMA or diacylglycerol, is a component of collagen matrix stimulatory pathway for α2 and MMP-1 mRNA expression. Thus, a three-dimensional collagen lattice maintains the dermal fibroblast phenotype, in part, through the activation of PKC-ζ.
Efficacy of Bioindexing for Graft-Transmissible Citrus Pathogens in Mixed Infections

Biological indexing for graft-transmissible pathogens of citrus in the presence of additional pathogens was investigated. The probability for symptom expression, the efficacy of the bio-indexing tests, and the number of citrus indicators required for pathogen detection were statistically evaluated. Multiple infections did not preclude symptom expression or reduce the diagnostic efficacy of the primary indexing hosts for Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV), and Citrus tatter leaf virus (Apple stem grooving virus). Symptoms of Citrus vein enation virus (CVEV) and the diagnostic efficacy of Mexican lime were suppressed by the T30 group CTV isolates, but not by other CTV isolates tested. CPsV suppressed symptom expression and diagnostic efficiency of Dweet tangor and sweet orange for concave gum. The application of alternate bioassay hosts for indexing was also investigated. Dweet tangor, sweet orange, and Citrus excelsa are not typically used for bioindexing of CVEV, however, Dweet tangor and C. excelsa detected CVEV in single infections, whereas in sweet orange, CVEV was detected only when CPsV, concave gum, or citrus viroids were present. CTV was readily detected using the alternative indicator C. excelsa, whereas only shock reacting CPsV isolates were effectively indexed by Mexican lime.
Outage Probability of MIMO Systems with Receive Antenna Selection in Spatially Correlated Rayleigh Fading Channels

We consider a receive antenna selection MIMO system, where only one receive antenna is selected out of Nr antennas. Spatial channel correlation will be considered at the receiver side only. We investigate here the capacity performance of such a system. In particular, we derive a closed-form expression of its outage probability expressed in an infinite series representation. To do so, we derive the joint cumulative distribution function and joint probability density function of the squared row norms of the channel matrix by using the statistical properties of multivariate chi-square random variables. Our simulation results will be shown to validate our analytical findings.
MARIA: Interference-Aware Admission Control and QoS Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks

Interference among concurrent transmissions complicates QoS provisioning for multimedia applications in wireless mesh networks. In this paper we propose MARIA (mesh admission control and QoS routing with interference awareness), a scheme towards enhancing QoS support for multimedia in wireless mesh networks. We characterize interference in wireless networks using a conflict graph based model. Nodes exchange their flow information periodically and compute their available residual bandwidth based on the local maximal clique constraints. Admission decision is made based on the residual bandwidth at each node. We implement an on-demand routing scheme that explicitly incorporates the interference model in the route discovery process. It directs routing message propagations and avoids "hot-spots" with severe interference. Simulation results demonstrate that by taking interference into account MARIA outperforms the conventional approach. It finds routes with less interference and enhances the performance significantly. We use video as an example application and MARIA improves the quality of delivered videos, with up to 7.3 dB average PSNR gain.
Nonuniform unitary space-time codes for layered source coding

We discuss new space-time codes tailored to point-to-multipoint, or broadcast, communications using layered source coding. Our codes can be encoded (and decoded) differentially, and they are based entirely on phase-shift keying. We discuss design criteria for the codes, and the design of optimal and suboptimal receiver structures. We also discuss the relation between our codes and a differentially encoded Alamouti code. Finally, we illustrate how our codes can be used to improve the throughput of a broadcasting network.
Chromsome synapsis and genetic recombination: their roles in meiotic chromsome segregation

Chromosome synapsis and genetic recombination ensure the faithful segregation of chromosomes at meiosis I by establishing physical connections between homologs. Recent observations suggest that recombination may also play a role in the homology search process that precedes synapsis.
Persistent corneal edema in aphakic eyes from daily-wear and extended-wear contact lenses

Corneal edema developed in seven aphakic eyes of six patients (three men and three women ranging in age from 60 to 88 years) who used daily- or extended-wear hydrophilic and silicone contact lenses. This edema, which developed suddenly, persisted despite discontinuation of contact lens wear and treatment with topical corticosteroids. The onset of the edema occurred in two patterns. In three eyes, edema occurred soon (30 minutes to 30 days) after the contact lens was first worn and persisted during follow-up periods averaging 15 months. In the other four eyes, the edema developed late, after 20 to 66 months. In three of these eyes, edema resolved after follow-up periods averaging seven months. In the fourth eye, it was still present after 18 months. of the affected eyes in which peripheral endothelial cell densities could be measured, all but one had fewer than 800 cells/mm 2 . Central cell densities in the five uninvolved fellow eyes averaged 1,964 cells/mm 2 . Marked polymegathism and cornea guttata were present in all affected and fellow eyes. We believe this condition is a complication of aphakic contact lens wear, distinct from contact-lens-intolerance syndrome and aphakic bullous keratopathy.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease deaths in the United States, 1999-2009.

AbstractOur objective was to examine trends and epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/motor neuron disease (MND) associated deaths in the United States. ALS/MND associated death rates and trends in the United States for 1999–2009 were examined using the multiple cause-of-death mortality data. Age-specific and age-adjusted death rates were calculated. For 1999–2009, the average annual age-adjusted death rate was 2.17/100,000 persons. The age-specific rate increased with age until 75–79 years. Males experienced a higher death rate than females. There was no definitive trend in the annual ALS/MND associated death rate, although analyses suggested a possible decrease (p = 0.05); however, the rate increased for persons 20–49 years of age and declined for persons ≥ 65 years of age. The annual rate for males decreased whereas the rate for females showed no change. In conclusion, the suggested decreasing annual ALS/MND associated death rate for 1999–2009 contrasts with earlier reports indicating tha...
Control of induction machine with extended range of maximum torque capbility for traction drives

In this paper, a novel control scheme of an induction machine for 48V- battery based traction drive system is presented. The main features of the proposed control scheme are the capability to boost the maximum torque capability over the entire speed range by an optimized over-modulation strategy and smoothly transition the maximum torque-per-ampere to field weakening region despite significant variations of the source voltage and machine parameters. The nonlinear saturation effect of the mutual inductance is taken into account to produce the limitation curves thus to reach the actual maximum torque over the whole speed range. Experimental results show that the proposed control scheme is most suitable for low-voltage 48V- battery traction drive systems.
Analysis of the IPv4 Address Space Delegation Structure

The Internet has grown tremendously in terms of the number of users who rely on it and the number of organizations that are connected to it. Characterizing how this growth affects its structure and topology is vitally important to determine the fundamental characteristics and limitations that must be handled, such as address space exhaustion; understanding the process of allocating and delegating address space can help to answer these questions. In this paper, we analyze BGP routing data to study the structure and growth of IPv4 address space allocation, fragmentation and usage. We explore the notion of delegation relationships among prefixes and use this information to construct an autonomous system (AS) delegation tree. We show that delegation in the Internet is not significantly correlated to the underlying topology or AS customer-provider relationships. We also analyze the fragmentation and usage of address space over a period of five years and examine prefixes that are delegated by organizations vs. those that are not delegated. We notice that the address space usage due to delegating prefixes is increasing at the same rate as the address space usage due to non-delegating prefixes. This indicates that fragmentation rate of the address space is actually almost a constant with respect to total address usage. Additionally, we show that most delegation is performed by a small number of organizations, which may aid in the implementation of a public-key infrastructure for the Internet.
A power-aware, application-based performance study of modern commodity cluster interconnection networks

Microbenchmarks have long been used to assess the performance characteristics of high-performance networks. It is generally assumed that microbenchmark results indicate the parallel performance of real applications. This paper reports the results of performance studies using real applications in a strictly controlled environment with different networks. In particular, we compare the performance of Myrinet and InfiniBand, and analyze them with respect to microbenchmark performance, real application performance and power consumption.
Effects of extreme hemodilution with hemoglobin-based O2 carriers on microvascular pressure.

A surface-modified polyethylene glycol-conjugated human hemoglobin (MP4) and αα-cross-linked human hemoglobin (ααHb) were used to restore oxygen carrying capacity in conditions of extreme hemodilut...
Birds do it, bees do it, worms and ciliates do it too: DNA methylation from unexpected corners of the tree of life

Studies describing intricate patterns of DNA methylation in nematode and ciliate are controversial due to the uncertainty of genomic evolutionary conservation of DNA methylation enzymes.
Two new Cumella (Crustacea: Cumacea: Nannastacidae) from the North Pacific, with a key to the North Pacific Cumella

Two new species of Cumella (Cumacea: Nannastacidae), C. oculata and C. alaskensis are described from shallow Alaskan rocky shores. The new species C. oculata can be distinguished from other North Pacific Cumella by the combination of a large eye lobe, no spines dorsally on the carapace, and carapace without large tubercles. The new species C. alaskensis can be distinguished from the other North Pacific Cumella by the 5 spines distributed unequally on the dorsal crest.
Guideline Update to Treatment of Infantile Spasms

The Guideline Developmental Subcommittee of the AAN and the Practice Committee of the CNS update the 2004 practice parameter on treatment of infantile spasms (IS).
A Comment on “The Welfare Impacts of Commodity Price Volatility: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia”

This comment discusses the robustness of the policy implications of Bellemare, Barrett, and Just's paper, “The Welfare Impacts of Commodity Price Volatility: Evidence from Rural Ethiopia” (2013). Bellemare, Barrett, and Just present a theoretical and empirical approach to the estimation of willingness to pay for food price stabilization that accounts for the covolatility of prices, making a significant contribution to the literature. However, in the course of applying their model to data from rural Ethiopia, the authors make an empirical assumption in the treatment of zero-valued income households that produces a distortion in the distribution of household budget shares. This comment identifies the consequences of this assumption for the estimated relationship of poor and wealthy households' willingness to pay for food commodity price stabilization, and shows the results one would obtain under a different, distribution-preserving treatment of zero-valued income. The key finding is that the distributional benefit incidence of food price stabilization found in Bellemare, Barrett, and Just (2013) is reversed when the budget share of marketable surplus is calculated over observed, as opposed to mean, household income where available.
Amplified magnetic resonance imaging (aMRI).

Purpose This work describes a new method called amplified MRI (aMRI), which uses Eulerian video magnification to amplify the subtle spatial variations in cardiac-gated brain MRI scans and enables better visualization of brain motion. Methods The aMRI method takes retrospective cardiac-gated cine MRI data as input, applies a spatial decomposition, followed by temporal filtering and frequency-selective amplification of the MRI cardiac-gated frames before synthesizing a motion-amplified cine data set. Results This approach reveals deformations of the brain parenchyma and displacements of arteries due to cardiac pulsatility, especially in the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Conclusion aMRI has the potential for widespread neuro- and non-neuro clinical use because it can amplify and characterize small, often barely perceptible motion and can visualize the biomechanical response of tissues using the heartbeat as an endogenous mechanical driver. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
I Can “See” Clearly Now

A 16-year-old female with sickle cell disease now presents with aplastic crisis with a hematocrit (Hct) of 17 % (the patient’s baseline Hct is 28 %). The patient has been transfused many times with the last red blood cell (RBC) transfusion occurring 1 month ago. The patient has a known history of anti-E antibody. A sample (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA anticoagulant) is submitted to the blood bank for stat type and crossmatch of two RBC units.
Pathomechanics of the hip after the shelf operation.

Dislocated or subluxated hips became more stable after a shelf operation, and the telescoping disappeared. However, the Trendelenburg sign remained positive, and consequently the limp persisted in all the patients with hip dislocation, treated by the shelf operation with the femoral head in a secondary acetabulum or in no acetabulum. When the shelf was built over the femoral head, after it had been placed in the primary acetabulum, the Trendelenburg sign became negative in only 18 per cent. of the patients. This sign remained positive in many patients, because, after the shelf operation, the femoral head usually became displaced under the shelf away from the line of gravity of the body. When the patient started to walk, the hip muscles were impotent to neutralize the increased rotatory effect produced by gravity upon this displaced center of motion. The Trendelenburg sign became negative only when the femoral head remained well centralized in the primary acetabulum. In these patients the shelf became smaller or even disappeared. On the other hand, in the patients whose Trendelenburg sign continued to be positive, the shelf became thicker and wider, due to the intermittent pressure of the displaced femoral head against the shelf. From these observations, it was concluded that the aim of treatment for dislocation of the hip is not the construction of a big shelf, but the exact and permanent centralization of the femoral head in the acetabular cavity. The shelf alone is unable to accomplish this. The hip muscles must become strong and the capsule and ligaments of the hip joint must shrink to make secure the complete reduction of the femoral head. This may be accomplished in young patients by prolonged and well-directed functional after-treatment following reduction, with or without a concomitant shelf operation. In the author's experience, the two main indications for the shelf operation are as follows: (1) In children over four years of age with congenital dislocation, reduced by the open method, a shelf may be created if the acetabulum is shallow; and (2) in patients with congenital or paralytic subluxation, or with subluxation of an old reduced congenital dislocation, the shelf operation is indicated when pain of static origin and a limp appear, usually after puberty. When reduction of the femoral head cannot be maintained in the primary acetabulum, the shelved hip will always be mechanically defective; a Schanz osteotomy is indicated in these cases.
Peer-to-Peer Technology as Infrastructure: An Economic Argument for Retaining Sony's Safe Harbor for Technologies Capable of Substantial Noninfringing Uses

In Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios v. Grokster, the Supreme Court will decide the future of Betamax - not the technology, which is already dead, but the Betamax decision issued by the Supreme Court in 1984. As frequently occurs in copyright law, it is a new, disruptive technology - this time, peer-to-peer (p2p) technology - that tests the boundaries and soundness of existing copyright doctrine. This essay makes two basic points. First, the Sony rule, which precludes secondary liability in situations where a technology is capable of substantial noninfringing uses, properly limits the scope of copyrights and prevents them from impeding access to and development of infrastructural technologies, such as p2p systems. Second, commercial significance is an inappropriate metric for gauging the substantiality of noninfringing uses; commercially insignificant but socially valuable noninfringing uses should be recognized as substantial. For the most part, the parties and amici have presented the Supreme Court with the arguments it ought to evaluate. I do not aim to recount or rehash those arguments in this essay. Instead, I aim to articulate an economic argument for retaining the Sony rule that has not been made fully.
Release and Establishment of Sameodes albiguttalis for the Biological Control of Waterhyacinth

Sameodes albiguttalis (Warren), a South American pyralid, was released at 20 sites in Florida for the biological control of waterhyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. It has become established at or near 16 of these sites and has begun to disperse throughout the state. All release methods proved satisfactory, but, in south Florida, establishment was best when 1st instar larvae were released October through March. Populations established more readily on young plants with luxuriant growth as opposed to older plants or those with poor growth.
Remarks on Income Contingent Loans: How Effective can they be at Mitigating Risk?

A well-known principle holds that equity provides better risk sharing opportunities than debt, but that there are greater enforcement problems associated with equity. Income contingent loans (ICL) represent an efficient (low transactions cost) way of implementing equity contracts for human capital.1 The amount the individual repays is dependent on his or her income. While it seems natural to link ICL with investments that increase the value of human capital — most notably education — there is no necessary reason to limit it to such investments.
Engineering application of interlocking in substation based on IEC 61850

In order to cope with the problem of interlocking in a substation monitoring and control system,a fast,reliable and fully functional interlocking scheme is designed by using GOOSE model to transmit interlocking information in the substation bay level.Due to lack of mature intelligent switchgears,intelligent control boxes are used as interim equipments in the process level to link physical equipments and measurement control devices in the bay level.Engineering application shows that the interlocking scheme based on GOOSE can transmit interlocking information rapidly and reliably,and also simplify the design scheme of the monitoring and control system,w hich saves a large quantity of cable.
Integrated Information Platform of Reservoir Dispatching with Energy-save and Efficiency-enhancement

Service-oriented design concept is adopted for integrated information platform(IIP) of reservoir dispatching with energy-saving,efficiency-enhancement.Reservoir dispatching automation system will be enriched and expanded due to this system's development,Also it is in favor of hydropower resources and clean energy better utilized.The latest information integration styles,multi-tier software structure and electricity generation models are combined with IIP to implement dispatch operation.Study on this platform is conducive to further development of reservoir dispatching automatic system,and will provide references to information integration of automatic system and development of intelligent reservoir dispatching.
Mini-aortic surgery with percutaneous cannulation and rapid-deployment valve.

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the results of the combined use of rapid-deployment valves, percutaneous cardioplegia delivery and left heart venting during minimally invasive aortic valve replacement surgery.MethodsWe identified 2 propensity-matched cohorts of patients who underwent primary elective isolated minimally invasive aortic valve surgery at our center over a 3-years period: 30 patients in group A had a conventional valve prosthesis and 30 patients in group B received a rapid-deployment valve using percutaneous cardioplegia delivery and percutaneous left heart venting. Skin incision length, intraoperative times, postoperative hospital outcomes, and 30-day echocardiographic results were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsPatients in group B had significantly shorter operative times and shorter skin incisions compared to group A (total operative time 196.0 ± 40.6 vs. 225.1 ± 30.8 min, respectively, p < 0.003; cardiopulmonary bypass time 79.9 ± 10.6 vs. 92.9 ± 17.2 min respectively, p < 0.001; cro...
Periodic Percolation Problems

Let G be a graph satisfying (2.l)–(2.5) with vertex set l and edge set e. The most classical percolation model is the one in which all bonds of q are randomly assigned to one of two classes, all bonds being assigned independently of each other. This is called bond-percolation, and the two kinds of bonds are called the passable or open bonds and the blocked or closed bonds. Instead of partitioning the bonds one often partitions the sites into two classes. Again all sites are assigned to one class or the other independently of each other. One now speaks of site-percolation and uses occupied and vacant sites to denote the two kinds of sites. The crucial requirement in both models is the independence of the bonds or sites, respectively. This makes the states of the bonds or sites into a family of independent two-valued random variables. Accordingly the above models are called Bernoulli-percolation models.
The evaluation of bladder neck dysfunction

AbstractBladder neck dysfunction has been evaluated in 16 male patients. The efficacy of the traditional investigative methods for this entity is questionable and the value of video-urodynamics for definitive diagnosis is presented. The ability of the condition to masquerade as prostatitis is apparent and treatment by unilateral bladder neck incision is proposed.
Effect of ultimobranchialectomy in the laying hen.

Ultimobranchialectomized (UBX) chickens were reared to maturity and through several months of normal egg production. The UBX hens consumed significantly less feed and produced smaller eggs with a trend toward reduced shell thickness. Plasma calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activities measured at intervals throughout the eggshell formation cycle exhibited similar diurnal variations in both UBX and SHAM birds. However, the UBX birds had consistently lower values. These studies indicate no major influence of the ultimobranchial glands on normal calcium metabolism in the laying hen.
Abstract 1347: NTRK1/TRKA as a therapeutic target in castration resistant prostate cancer

Treatment options remain limited for men with castration resistant prostate cancer, with current chemotherapy offering mainly palliative benefits. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention in men who have progressed on anti-androgen therapy. We have compiled a panel of 20 prostate cancer cell lines that has been extensively characterized at the molecular level that enables us to perform high throughput drug and siRNA screens to identify novel therapeutic targets. We performed an siRNA screen targeting kinases using eight representative lines, both in the presence and absence of the anti-androgen MDV3100. Knockdown of NTRK1 (TRKA) significantly inhibited growth in 4/8 of the cell lines tested. To confirm this, we screened the entire panel of cell lines with the inhibitor CEP-701, which targets FLT3, JAK2, and TRK-A/B/C. CEP-701 showed GI50 values (dose required to inhibit growth by 50%) less than 400 nM in 8/20 cell lines. Since this drug had already been tested in clinical trials for prostate cancer and the trials were discontinued due to lack of PSA decline, we looked for other drugs that also inhibit TRKA. Both BIBF-1120 and GSK-1363089 are also known to inhibit TRKA, but neither have been tested in prostate cancer expressing TRKA. We tested GSK-136089 in a subset of 9 prostate cell lines, and found that 4/9 lines reached GI50 at 1 uM or less, including AR mutant or null lines such as 22rv1 and PC3 that are non-responsive to MDV3100. Additional tests with BIBF-1120 and GSK-1363089 are underway. These data suggest that NTRK1 may be a potential target for patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. Citation Format: James E. Korkola, Moqing Liu, Rebecca Smith, Tiera Liby, Joe W. Gray. NTRK1/TRKA as a therapeutic target in castration resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1347.
The Future of Human Robot Teams in the Army: Factors Affecting a Model of Human-System Dialogue Towards Greater Team Collaboration

Understanding of intent is one of the most complex traits of highly efficient teams. Combining elements of verbal and non-verbal communication along with shared mental models about mission goals and team member capabilities, intent requires knowledge about both task and teammate. Beginning with the traditional models of communication, accounting for teaming factors, such as situation awareness, and incorporating the sensing, reasoning, and tactical capabilities available via autonomous systems, a revised model of team communication is needed to accurately describe the unique interactions and understanding of intent which will occur in human-robot teams. This paper focuses on examining the issue from a system capability viewpoint, identifying which system capabilities can mirror the abilities of humans through the sensor and computing strengths of autonomous systems, thus creating a team environment which is robust and adaptable while maintaining focus on mission goals.
Pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: In Vitro Studies Using Primary Human Cells.

Many cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are associated with non-random chromosomal rearrangements and most of these result in fusions involving retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), CBF transcription factors, MLL, and nucleoporins. Here, we report the effects of key members of these four major groups of AML-associated chimeric fusion proteins on differentiation, proliferation, self-renewal and gene expression in primary human CD34+ hematopoietic cells. We expressed the PML-RARα, AML1-ETO, MLL-AF9 and NUP98-HOXA9 fusion genes in human peripheral blood CD34+ cells by retroviral transduction and compared them to cells transduced with empty vector. By colony forming assays, morphological examination and flow cytometric immunophenotyping we found that PML-RARα causes some degree of myeloid differentiation block. AML1-ETO had no obvious effect on differentiation, while MLL-AF9 and NUP98-HOXA9 caused a block in both myeloid and erythroid differentiation. All fusion oncoproteins, except PML-RARα, induced dramatic long-term proliferation in liquid culture and a marked increase in the numbers of primitive long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs). In order to understand the molecular basis of these effects, gene expression profiling was performed for each fusion gene by oligonucleotide microarray analysis at 3 different time points (6 h, 3 days, and 8 days post transduction). At the 6 h time point both AML1-ETO and PML-RARα caused extensive changes in gene expression with a predominance of downregulated genes. The number of genes dysregulated by AML1-ETO and PML-RARα decreased dramatically at the 3-day time point. These data are consistent with the fact that these two oncoproteins are DNA-binding transcription factors that are known to repress transcription. In contrast, MLL-AF9 and NUP98-HOXA9 altered the expression of fewer genes at the 6 h time point with a preponderance of upregulated genes; at the 3 day time point, the number of genes dysregulated by NUP98-HOXA9 and MLL-AF9 increased. These findings suggest that NUP98-HOXA9 and MLL-AF9 may have delayed effects that are not due to direct transcriptional regulation. Homeobox transcription factors were upregulated by both MLL-AF9 and NUP98-HOXA9, but not by either AML1-ETO or PML-RARα. The results of the biological assays and gene profiling show marked similarities between NUP98-HOXA9 and MLL-AF9, and suggest that they transform cells by similar pathways that are different from those used by AML1-ETO and PML-RARα.
Validating a Monotonically-Integrated Large Eddy Simulation Code for Subsonic Jet Acoustics

The results of subsonic jet validation cases for the Naval Research Lab's Jet Engine Noise REduction (JENRE) code are reported. Two set points from the Tanna matrix, set point 3 (Ma = 0.5, unheated) and set point 7 (Ma = 0.9, unheated) are attempted on three different meshes. After a brief discussion of the JENRE code and the meshes constructed for this work, the turbulent statistics for the axial velocity are presented and compared to experimental data, with favorable results. Preliminary simulations for set point 23 (Ma = 0.5, Tj=T1 = 1.764) on one of the meshes are also described. Finally, the proposed configuration for the farfield noise prediction with JENRE's Ffowcs-Williams Hawking solver are detailed.
Building the Evidence Base for Tele-Emergency Care: Efforts to Identify a Standardized Set of Outcome Measures

Abstract Background: To enhance the quality of emergency department (ED) care, some rural hospitals have adopted the use of telemedicine (tele-ED). Without a common set of metrics, it is difficult to quantify the impact of this technology. Introduction: To address this limitation, the Health Resources and Services Administration funded the identification and testing of a core set of measures that could be used to build a business case for the value of tele-ED care. Methods: A comprehensive environmental scan was conducted to identify existing measures relevant to assessing ED care and the use of telemedicine. Identified measures were assessed against a set of criteria and pilot tested in rural hospitals. Results: The environmental scan identified numerous ED-specific measures and a limited set of telehealth-specific measures, but no clearly defined measures specific to tele-ED. Applying evaluation criteria to the measures revealed that few have a well-established evidence base, and fewer have undergone th...
Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy

We propose a developing technology called Gabor Domain Optical Coherence Microscopy (GD-OCM), whose innovation is two fold: (1) The design of an invariant ~3?m lateral resolution dynamic-focusing probe; (2) A data acquisition and fusion scheme.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy Does Not Confer Superior Survival in Patients With Atypical Carcinoid Tumors.

Background Although the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pathologically node-positive (pN+) atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung is an accepted practice, controversy exists about its use in pathologically node-negative (pN0) patients. Our aim was to determine whether a survival advantage exists in patients receiving chemotherapy postoperatively for pN0 or pN+ atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung. Methods Adult patients treated with lobectomy or pneumonectomy for pulmonary atypical carcinoid tumor were identified using the National Cancer Data Base, 2006 to 2011. Propensity scoring (4:1 nearest neighbor algorithm) and survival analysis were used to examine the association between adjuvant chemotherapy and pN+ versus pN0 atypical carcinoid tumors. Results Of the total 581 patients identified with a diagnosis of atypical carcinoid of the lung, 363 (62.5%) were found to be node negative at the time of operation and 218 (37.5%) had node-positive disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 15 patients (4.1%) with pN0 disease and 89 patients (40.8%) with pN+ disease. Unadjusted survival, at 12 and 60 months, was similar between pN+ patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy versus patients who received operation alone (adjuvant chemotherapy: 98.9% at 12 months and 47.9% at 60 months versus operation alone: 98.4% and 12 months and 67.1% at 60 months, p = 0.46) and for propensity-matched pN0 (adjuvant chemotherapy: 86.7% at 12 months and 73.3% at 60 months versus operation alone: 87.9% at 12 months and 72.3% at 60 months, p = 0.54). Conclusions In a national-level analysis, the use of adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively in patients with pN+ and pN0 disease conferred no survival advantage; further study is needed to determine proper chemotherapy use for these patients.
Stepping across for social approval: Ties to independent foundations' boards after financial restatement

Research Summary: Integrating research on independent philanthropy and organizational misconduct, we argue that affiliations with independent foundations provide social approval benefits for firms that restate their financials. We use a panel of S&P 500 companies from 2004 to 2011 to investigate the addition of foundation board ties by restating firms. CEOs of restating firms add more new foundation board ties than CEOs of non‐restating firms, while existing corporate philanthropy and greater corporate reputation diminish this effect. We also find that new ties to foundations boards influences media tenor for restating firms more than it does for non‐restating peers. Our study offers a nuanced analysis of the post‐crisis actions of restating firms relative to non‐restating peers and highlights the relevance of ties to nonprofit boards for corporate governance. Managerial Summary: Firms oftentimes fire their top executives in the aftermath of misconduct, but such response is itself disruptive for the firm's operations. Instead, we suggest that forging ties to independent foundations can help firms in such contexts without unsettling effects. Our results show that, after a restatement event, CEOs of misconduct firms are especially likely to join new foundation boards as trustees and thus seem to be aware of the benefits of these associations. CEOs from firms with existing in‐house philanthropy or a high reputation do not join as many new foundations' boards of trustees. We also find that new firm‐foundation links are promptly and positively evaluated by the media, thus helping misconduct firms regain social approval.
Weathering of a mined quartz-carbonate, galena-sphalerite ore and release and transport of nanophase zinc carbonate in circumneutral drainage

Abstract The formation and transport of geogenic metal nanoparticles in mining-impacted environments is a developing concern because of their potential for greater distribution compared to larger particles. Discharge from the abandoned Gem Mine in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District of northern Idaho was examined for the presence of metal nanoparticles from weathering of an ore body of galena [PbS] and sphalerite [(Zn,Fe)S] with associated carbonate zones of siderite [FeCO3] and ankerite [Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO3)2] in intruded quartz veins. Analysis of this circumneutral discharge from the abandoned mine and groundwater in the receiving shallow aquifer indicate poor-quality mine drainage containing nanophase Zn-CO3 form(s) that dissociate into smaller particles or ions with release into the new geochemical environment of the aquifer. The nanoparticles were identified through acid titrations and dynamic light scattering analysis of 450-nm-filtered mine water. The stability of the nanoparticles was estimated through ζ potential analysis of mine water and groundwater, which indicated limited stability of the nanoparticles that was sufficient for transport in the mine drainage but insufficient for transport in the aquifer. The release of the nanophase Zn-CO3 form(s) likely occurs through weathering of secondary carbonate minerals in the mined areas of the Gem-Gold Hunter deposit through water-rock interaction → crystal repulsion → particle detachment → solution entrainment → and limited dissociation during transport as opposed to crystal formation in solution with mineral-phase saturation.
Brentano’s philosophy of mind

Despite fluctuations of doctrine and style and the apparent fragmentation of the philosophical enterprise into discrete fields of specialization, topical or temporal boundaries within philosophy continue to be arbitrary. The purpose to be served by this volume establishes at least a rough definition of the period to be covered. My report on Brentano’s philosophy of mind will consider books and articles that have appeared in print during the years 1966 through 1978.
European Corruption in Geographic Perspective

This chapter addresses corruption in Europe and Russia. It notes that while typically European rates of corruption are lower than in most of the world, in some parts, notably Eastern Europe, corruption is an entrenched problem. It offers data on public perceptions of corruption and rates of bribery among countries. Next, it explores the spatiality of European corruption, including the distribution of population by degree of severity, map of levels of corruption and the World Bank’s control of corruption scores, and correlations between corruption and several indices. It then comments on corruption in Western Europe, followed by case studies of France, Spain and Italy. The next part summarizes corruption in Eastern Europe, notably in light of the ascension of many states into the European Union. It offers case studies of Ukraine and Russia. A brief conclusion reiterates why corruption is lower in the continent’s western half than in the east.