cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metazoan Endoparasites of 11 Species of Lizards from Pakistan

Abstract Eighty-four lizards representing 11 species of 4 families were collected in Pakistan between July 1975 and August 1976 and examined for metazoan endoparasites: Agamidae, Calotes versicolor, Laudakia caucasica, Laudakia nupta, Laudakia tuberculata, Trapelus agilis, Uromastyx hardwickii, Gekkonidae, Eublepharis macularius, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, Hemidactylus triedrus, Lacertidae, Acanthodactylus cantoris, and Scincidae, Eumeces schneiderii. One species of Trematoda, Paradistomoides orientale, 12 species of Nematoda, Abbreviata achari, Abbreviata kolayatensis, Parapharyngodon calotis, Pharyngodon frenatusi, Pharyngodon mamillatus, Spinicauda hardwickii, Strongyluris calotis, Tachygonetria indica, Tachygonetria paradentata, Thelandros baylisi, Thelandros masaae, Thelandros taylori, 1 species of Pentastomida, Raillietiella hemidactyli, and cystacanths of 1 species of Acanthocephala (Centrorhynchidae) were found. Thirteen new locality records and 15 new host records are reported.
The Holy Roman Empire was Neither Holy, Nor Roman, Nor an Empire1

ABSTRACT “The Holy Roman Empire was neither Holy nor Roman, nor an Empire.” For the historian, Voltaire's famous quip has three aspects: 1) What did Voltaire mean by it in 1756 when he wrote the line in his Essay on Customs? 2) How did contemporaries, including the Austrian Habsburgs, understand it? 3) Does the quote accurately describe the events the Philosophe is discussing (Charles IV of Bohemia and the Golden Bull of 1356)? Voltaire in fact exaggerates the weakness of the Empire in both 1356 and 1756, and uses an anachronistic standard to evaluate both: the quasi nation states of the 1750s. The three parts of the imperial title had changed in meaning during the four centuries after 1356. The jibe nonetheless reflects something of the thought of Voltaire and the French Enlightenment.
Abstract MP83: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: What Happens When Symptoms Remit?

Introduction: Women with trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at greater risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD); whether symptom remission is associated with less risk remains unknown. Hypothesis: Women who experience trauma and developed persistent PTSD will have increased risk of CVD, but those whose symptoms remit will not have increased risk. Methods: We examined the association between time-updated trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and PTSD symptom remission in relation to incident CVD over a 20-year period in 36,958 healthy women in the Nurses’ Health Study II. We used proportional hazards models to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events confirmed by additional information or medical record review (n=402; 202 myocardial infarctions and 200 strokes). Trauma exposure was assessed using the Brief Trauma Questionnaire. PTSD symptoms were assessed using Breslau’s PTSD screen; report of 4 or more (out of 7) symptoms was characterized as clinically-rele...
ACTIV-ES: a comparable, cross-dialect corpus of `everyday' Spanish from Argentina, Mexico, and Spain

Corpus resources for Spanish have proved invaluable for a number of applications in a wide variety of fields. However, a majority of resources are based on formal, written language and/or are not built to model language variation between varieties of the Spanish language, despite the fact that most language in everyday use is informal/ dialogue-based and shows rich regional variation. This paper outlines the development and evaluation of the ACTIV-ES corpus, a first-step to produce a comparable, cross-dialect corpus representative of the everyday language of various regions of the Spanish-speaking world.
A Fiber-based telecom-band CNOT gate

We present the first controlled-NOT gate realized using a fiber-based indistinguishable photon-pair source in the 1.55 µm telecom band. Such operation makes this gate particularly attractive for distributed quantum information processing.
Preparation of Cobaltocenium-Labeled Polymers by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Cobaltocenium-labeled polymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using cobaltocenium-containing α-haloesters as initiators. The locations of the cobaltocenium moiety in the polymer chains (either at the end or in the middle) were dictated by the chemical structures of initiators. Kinetic studies showed that polymerizations of styrene, tert-butyl acrylate, and methyl methacrylate monomers followed a controlled/living manner, except that polymerization of methyl methacrylate with the aid of cobaltocenium monoinitiator displayed significant termination. All resultant polymers were redox-active and exhibited characteristic UV–vis absorption from the cobaltocenium moiety.
Effects of prostaglandins E1, A1 and F2a on the coronary and peripheral circulations.

SummaryThe effects of PGE1, PGA1, and PGF2α on the coronary and peripheral circulations were studied in anesthetized dogs. The ia injection of either PGE1 or PGA1 increases blood flows and decreases the peripheral resistances in the coronary, brachial, femoral, carotid, and renal arteries. On the other hand, PGF2α decreases blood flows and increases peripheral resistance in the brachial, femoral, and renal arteries. The present study indicates that PGE1, and PGA1 dilate and PGF2α constricts directly the regional blood vessels.
16 RELATIONSHIP OF BODY MASS INDEX TO OUTCOME IN CRITICALLY ILL TRAUMA PATIENTS

Purpose of Study The currently used prognostic scoring systems for trauma patients do not include body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that obese trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit have a higher morbidity and mortality. Methods This retrospective observational study examined 297 adults admitted for more than 3 days to the Trauma ICU at OUHSC from January until August 2004 by review of hospital discharge logs. Forty-five patients who died in the ER or within the first 48 hours were excluded, as were 20 additional patients with insufficient data. Clinical characteristics and outcome were determined by review of the medical record. We classified the patients as underweight (BMI 30). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Results Gender, ethnic background, vital signs, need for mechanical ventilation (MV), GCS and severity of illness scores were similar between obese and non-obese. Patients were young with a mean age of 38.2 ± 1.2 years. Trauma obese patients had a longer ICU LOS (12.7 ± 1.3 vs. 10.2 ± 1.3 days; p Conclusion Obesity, which is common in the United States, may be associated with an increased ICU LOS and consequently increased health care costs in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Observations on Laennec's cirrhosis: the effects of cortisone acetate during low-sodium regimen.

Abstract Three patients ill with Laennec's cirrhosis due to chronic alcoholism and poor nutrition, living on a fixed low-sodium, high-protein regimen, were treated with 100 mg. of cortisone acetate given intramuscularly each day for eighteen days. Observations of clinical signs, hematologic tests, urinalyses, daily urine volumes, metabolic balances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, serum and blood chemistry, liver function tests, total eosinophil counts, 17-ketosteroid excretions, urinary uric acid-creatinine values, and ascorbic acid content of the urine and feces are reported. Urinary output increased in all patients during the last nine days of therapy and in two there was noted a simultaneous increase in urinary sodium output. In two patients, an increased excretion of ascorbic acid was found during cortisone therapy. The 17-ketosteroid excretion did not change during therapy, which suggests that the liver is concerned in the degradation of adrenal hormones. Aside from these changes, apparently cortisone therapy did not produce metabolic effects unique to cirrhosis. With therapy there were minor changes in the various liver functions tested, and in each patient the liver enlarged rapidly and became very firm. Cortisone therapy did not appear to affect the clinical or metabolic status of the patients permanently. Within two weeks of stopping therapy all the observed effects of the hormone had worn off.
Resorting to Alcibiades: Thucydides on Political Skill

The Athenian politician Alcibiades was held by Thucydides to be only person capable of saving Athens during the latter phases of the Peloponnesian War. While we glean from Plato that Alcibiades is not particularly knowledgeable in political or military matters, in Thucydides' History, we find a different Alcibiades. Although still headstrong, ambitious and vain, Alcibiades' rhetorical and military skills are of particular value to Athens (and to Sparta as well) at critical times during the war. Thucydides seems to be clear that the Athenian public distrusted Alcibiades to the point of exiling him twice when, according to Thucydides, he was only person capable of saving Athens from Sparta's forces. If political skill is of value to democracies, can citizens utilize it for their own good? Alcibiades was a complicated character in that while he was talented, he was also was transparent about his desire for glory. His personal life was one of excess and it made him an easy target for rebuke. Athens, we might say, became overly concerned with questions of personal character rather than expediency. How can a democracy make use of the political skills of leaders while at the same time maintaining a check on their authority? The Athenian public is the subject of considerable mockery in ancient thought for being too easily duped by politicians and, at the same time, not being able to recognize when a policy is in their interest.
Endothelin-1 levels and renal function in newborns of various gestational ages.

BACKGROUND Renal failure is common in the NICU; Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) occurs in 8-24% of admissions. Although AKI is preventable with early diagnosis, no reliable AKI biomarkers exist. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in renal pathogenesis, and elevated urinary ET-1 (uET-1) levels may correlate with progression of renal dysfunction. The study objectives were to determine whether uET-1 levels correlate with renal function parameters and/or fetal growth restriction, and if uET-1 is a potential neonatal AKI biomarker. METHODS Sixty-three neonates were enrolled and divided into gestational age (GA) groups by weeks: 1) (24-30 6/7; n = 24); 2) (31-36 6/7; n = 26); and 3) (37-42; n = 13). Additional preterm subgroups for fetal growth restriction analysis included: 1) Appropriate for GA (AGA; n = 40), and 2) Small for GA (SGA; n = 10). ET-1 levels, measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, were collected at birth (cord blood) and 24 h ( ± 4) of life (blood/urine). RESULTS No correlation was found between uET-1 and blood plasma levels at birth (r = 0.15; p > 0.05) or 24 h (r = 0.17; p > 0.05). uET-1 negatively correlated with GA (r = -0.44; p 0.05), BUN (r = 0.19; p > 0.05), BUN/Cr ratio (r = 0.15; p > 0.05), or urinary output (r = 0.12; p > 0.05). In fetal growth restriction subgroup analyses: uET-1 levels negatively correlated with GFR in the PT-AGA subgroup (r = -0.38; p = 0.017), but not with PT-SGA (r = 0.01; p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Plasma and uET-1 levels did not correlate; therefore, renal ET-1 excretion may reflect renal ET-1 production. uET-1 levels correlated negatively with GA and GFR. uET-1 may be a marker of impaired neonatal circulatory regulation and consequent renal injury.
Vaccines, Antivirals, and the Beneficial Uses of Viruses

Our attempts to prevent and control serious viral illnesses rely upon mass vaccination efforts and the use of antivirals. Live attenuated virus vaccines and inactivated virus vaccines are the most common types of vaccines and have drastically reduced virus-related morbidity and mortality. Recombinant subunit vaccines are also being produced against HBV and HPV, while investigational vaccine formulations use recombinant DNA or live viral vectors. Antivirals inhibit one of the seven stages of viral replication; most antivirals target a viral enzyme or prevent genome replication.
Distribution Channels and the Energy Crisis: The Case of Passenger Transportation

Shifts in allocation of passenger traffic across modes of transportation are examined through re-ression analysis. For the period 1960 through 1980, a period of fluctuating fuel prices, shifts are revealed as largely a function of income levels. Implications for passenger carriers’ long-range and short term planning are drawn.
Handke: ‘The Ride Across Lake Constance’ and ‘They are Dying Out’

The premiere of The Ride Across Lake Constance, directed by Claus Peymann with the assistance of Wolfgang Wiens after an unsettled rehearsal period, took place in 1971 at the Schaubuhne am Halleschen Ufer in Berlin. Among the production meeting remarks documented by Peter Iden are numerous references to a meta-theatrical approach to the play. Peymann called it ‘the swansong of the bourgeois theatre’, and the actor Bruno Ganz (who played Heinrich Georg) explained that the five central figures on stage, all named for stars from the classic German cinema, are essentially reflecting on their own activities as performers, ‘objectively and not as signs’ for something else. As in his other plays, Handke was directly engaged in an exploration of the form: but the audience could also witness in this ‘laboratory piece’, as its New York director Carl Weber called it, interpenetrating theatrical, social and personal realities.
A modified uridine in the anticodon of E. coli

Abstract The anticodon of an ochre-suppressing derivative of E. coli tRNA I Tyr, previously identified as UUA, can contain a modified uridine (U+) in the first position. The novel modified nucleotide has been identified by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography following RNase T2 digestion of anticodon-containing fragments. Up+ is found in less than stoichiometric molar yields in preparations of tRNA I Tyr su + oc. The electrophoretic mobility of Up+ is the same as Up at pH 3.5 and pH 7.5. U+ probably does not contain sulfur since it cannot be labeled with 35S in vivo incorporation experiments.
CHAPTER 5 – Moral Confidence in Agriculture1

Publisher Summary This chapter argues that those engaged in agriculture, whether practitioners, research scientists, extension agents, technology developers, or technology suppliers, they share an unexamined moral confidence about the goodness of their activity. The chapter also argues that the basis of that moral confidence is not obvious to those who have it or to those not involved in, but who may be curious about agriculture and its technology. In fact, the moral confidence that pervades agricultural practice is potentially harmful because it is unexamined by most of its practitioners. Regular debate about ethics and the applicability of moral theories to agriculture have not been part of intellectual discourse within agriculture. Discussion concludes that agricultural colleagues must accept the burden of beginning the difficult task of doing a discriminating cultural and moral analysis of agriculture and its results. One must strive for a careful analysis of what it is about agriculture and society that thwarts or limits aspirations and needs modification. To preserve what is best about modern agriculture, and to identify and oppose the abuses that modern technology has wrought on land, people, and other creatures, and finally begin to correct them will require many lifetimes of work. Agriculturalists must try to see agriculture in its many guises—productive, scientific, environmental, economic, social, political, and moral. It is no longer sufficient to justify all agricultural activities on the basis of increased production. Other criteria, many with a clear ethical foundation, must be included.
3D modeling of missing pellet surface defects in BWR fuel

Abstract One of the important roles of cladding in light water reactor fuel rods is to prevent the release of fission products. To that end, it is essential that the cladding maintain its integrity under a variety of thermal and mechanical loading conditions. Local geometric irregularities in fuel pellets caused by manufacturing defects known as missing pellet surfaces (MPS) can in some circumstances lead to elevated cladding stresses that are sufficiently high to cause cladding failure. Accurate modeling of these defects can help prevent these types of failures. The BISON nuclear fuel performance code developed at Idaho National Laboratory can be used to simulate the global thermo-mechanical fuel rod behavior, as well as the local response of regions of interest, in either 2D or 3D. In either case, a full set of models to represent the thermal and mechanical properties of the fuel, cladding and plenum gas is employed. A procedure for coupling 2D full-length fuel rod models to detailed 3D models of the region of the rod containing a MPS defect is detailed here. The global and local model each contain appropriate physics and behavior models for nuclear fuel. This procedure is demonstrated on a simulation of a boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel rod containing a pellet with an MPS defect, subjected to a variety of transient events, including a control blade withdrawal and a ramp to high power. The importance of modeling the local defect using a 3D model is highlighted by comparing 3D and 2D representations of the defective pellet region. Parametric studies demonstrate the effects of the choice of gaseous swelling model and of the depth and geometry of the MPS defect on the response of the cladding adjacent to the defect.
Isolated Trisomy 8 in the Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Abstract Abstract 2785 Poster Board II-761 Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities are common in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and carry considerable prognostic weight. One of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in MDS is isolated trisomy 8 (∼20%). However, the impact of this abnormality on prognosis in MDS is unclear. In the following, we report on all MDS cases with isolated trisomy 8 seen at our institution and describe the natural history of this abnormality. Methods: After approval from the Institutional Review Board, the cytogenetics laboratory database at Mayo Clinic was searched for all cases of isolated trisomy 8. All patients had given written informed consent to enable use of their medical record for research. The medical records were reviewed and relevant demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics were abstracted. Survival was determined from diagnosis until death or last contact with the patient and measured using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analysis for survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazard method. Results: Out of a total of 23, 375 unique patient specimens evaluated over a twenty year period (January 1988 – December 2008), we identified a cohort of 106 patients (0.45%) with trisomy 8 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality (males with –Y were included). Of these patients, 89 had a classical MDS and 66 patients were males. The median age at diagnosis of MDS was 70.0 years (range: 31 – 91) for the whole cohort (females: 67 yr, males: 71.5 yr, p=0.22). All patients presented with at least one cytopenia, median Hb: 9.8g/dl (3.9 – 15.4); WBC: 4.6×103/ml (1.0 – 102.6); PLT: 119×103/ml (3.0 – 740), bone marrow blasts: 5% (0 – 22.5), LDH: 221 (62 – 1342). Considering trisomy 8 as an intermediate risk abnormality (score = 0.5), the median IPSS for the cohort was 1.0 (0.5 – 2.5) (Intermediate-1). The distribution of cases included: MDS with Conclusions: Isolated trisomy 8 in MDS is associated with intermediate risk disease. The risk of transformation to acute leukemia is 28% and the median survival from diagnosis of MDS is approximately 3 years. A significant fraction of patients die due to causes unrelated to their hematopoietic disorder. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Derivations and Linear Connections on Clifford Vector Bundles

The goal of this article is to introduce a concept of Clifford structures on vector bundles as natural extensions of the standard complex and quaternionic structures, and to determine the derivations and linear connections on smooth Clifford vector bundles compatible with their Clifford structures. The basic object used to get such descriptions is an involution on the space of derivations of a Clifford vector bundle explicitly defined in terms of the specific Clifford structure. That involution is actually derived from an operation called the Clifford conjugation relative to a Clifford structure, which is defined in a purely algebraic setting as an involution on the space of derivations of a Euclidean Clifford algebra. Its definition essentially relies on the use and a complete description of the geometric concept of tangent Clifford structures of a Euclidean Clifford algebra.
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM COTTAGE INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA

The Economic development of every nation depends on their capability of effective co-ordination of its financial system. The bed rock and most sensitive aspect of the financial system activity is its financial intermediation role between the deficit economic unit and surplus economic unit. Most work reviewed empirically showed various author’s concentration on financial intermediation and economic growth of various countries. This paper therefore seeks to examine the same variable with special attention to micro – deficit economic unit and micro surplus economic unit. The factors that arouse the interest of the writers on this area are (1) there are more of cottage industries in Nigeria as a developing country. (2)the financial activities of these cottage industries are ignored in the financial system in developing nations. The study therefore adopted the ex-post facto research design. The time series data from 1992 – 2015 were collected from secondary sources and Unit Root Test, Erger Greager Co-integration Test and Error Correction Model(ECM) were used to estimate the hypothesis formulated in line with the objectives of the study. The research then contributes that: (1) Loans given to cottage industries by conventional banks have no significant relationship with the Nigeria economic growth. (2) Loans to Micro Deficit Economic Unit (MDEU) by micro finance institution have significant relationship with Nigeria Economic growth and also (3) The Deposit of Micro – Surplus Economic Unit (MSEU) with the Micro Finance institution has a significant relationship with the Nigeria Economic Growth. This study therefore recommends amongst others that: (1) Cottage Industries in Nigeria should be encouraged and modernized. (2) At early stage, the government should not be imposing much levies on the cottage and small – scale entrepreneurs and the government should also be providing them with social amenities like: electricity, water, road etc.
A secure contact protocol for delay tolerant networks

Current DTN systems are vulnerable to malicious attacks by compromised nodes taking advantage of the DTN protocols that control how nodes join and leave the backbone. Without addressing such security issues, DTN systems could result in performance degrade, the compromise of message confidentiality and integrity, and denial of service. Thus, effective mechanisms to identify and fix this vulnerability are urgently needed. The objective of this research is to address these issues by identifying DTN system vulnerabilities and potential threats, and providing potential countermeasures. We first illustrate vulnerabilities of the epidemic based contact history propagation protocol and then identify the potential threats to system performance, availability, and integrity as well as countermeasures to prevent such threats existing in DTN networks. A secure contact protocol is developed for DTN network with epidemic based contact history propagation protocol and simulations are conducted to assess its effectiveness on attack detection.
Securing email for the average users via a new architecture

The ubiquity of the Internet and email, have provided a mostly insecure communication medium for the consumer. During the last few decades, we have seen the development of several ways to secure email messages. However, these solutions are inflexible and difficult to use for encrypting email messages to protect security and privacy while communicating or collaborating via email. Under the current paradigm, the arduous process of setting up email encryption is non-intuitive for the average user. The complexity of the current practices has also yielded to incorrect developers' interpretation of architecture which has resulted in interoperability issues. As a result, the lack of simple and easy-to-use infrastructure in current practices means that the consumers still use plain text emails over insecure networks. In this paper, we introduce and describe a novel, holistic model with new techniques for protecting email messages. The architecture of our innovative model is simpler and easier to use than those currently employed. We use the simplified trust model, which can relieve users from having to perform many complex steps to achieve email security. Utilizing the new techniques presented in this paper can safeguard users' email from unauthorized access and protect their privacy. In addition, a simplified infrastructure enables developers to understand the architecture more readily eliminating interoperability.
High accuracy measurements of nanometer-scale distances between fluorophores at the single-molecule level

Measuring dynamics and distance changes of macromolecules provides insight into how molecular machines function. While single-molecule methods for measuring distances between two different colored fluorophores have been reported, we discovered that they become significantly error-prone below 20 nm, which is the size regime of most proteins. Here, we describe three methods that incorporate information about measurement and imaging errors to achieve facile measurements of distances between two distinct fluorophores with ~1 nm accuracy. To ensure high throughput and consistent measurements, we implemented all analysis tools as a μManager-plugin. To validate our methods, we determined the head-to-head distance of rigor-bound homodimeric kinesin-1 and the end-to-end distance of a coiled-coil of known length. We also applied these methods to a sample of unknown length, a domain of the dynein adaptor protein Bicaudal-D, and demonstrated conformational heterogeneity. In summary, these new methods allow high accuracy distance measurements of single-molecules with commonly used fluorescence microscopes and open source software.
Point of aim and eye movement behavior in a rolling task

Skilled bowlers (N = 7) participated in an experiment examining visual fixations and accuracy in a rolling task. Bowlers performed trials looking at each of 4 visual targets: 20, 40, and 60 feet down the 60-foot bowling lane, and at a location of their choosing. Error in ball position relative to the visual target increased with visual target distance. Variable error at the visual target was significantly lower in the self-selected condition as compared to the 40- and 60-feet conditions. Variable and absolute error relative to the pins (60 feet down the lane) was lowest in the self-selected aiming point and second lowest when aiming 60 feet down the lane. Absolute error at the pins was significantly lower in the free condition as compared to the 40- and 60-feet conditions. Final fixation duration, defined as the last visual fixation (at least 100 ms in which the angle of the eye remains within a 1 o cone) prior to movement initiation, was significantly longer than the average duration of all fixations during the movement. The average fixation was significantly longer than the last fixation before release. The final fixation duration and the duration of the last fixation before ball release did not vary with ball accuracy at the visual target or with accuracy at the pins. Final fixation duration tended to increase with visual target distance suggesting that final fixation duration increases with task difficulty.
Interactions of iron-bound frataxin with ISCU and ferredoxin on the cysteine desulfurase complex leading to Fe-S cluster assembly

Frataxin (FXN) is involved in mitochondrial iron‑sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biogenesis and serves to accelerate Fe-S cluster formation. FXN deficiency is associated with Friedreich ataxia, a neurodegenerative disease. We have used a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy to investigate interactions among the components of the biological machine that carries out the assembly of iron‑sulfur clusters in human mitochondria. Our results show that FXN tightly binds a single Fe2+ but not Fe3+. While FXN (with or without bound Fe2+) does not bind the scaffold protein ISCU directly, the two proteins interact mutually when each is bound to the cysteine desulfurase complex ([NFS1]2:[ISD11]2:[Acp]2), abbreviated as (NIA)2, where "N" represents the cysteine desulfurase (NFS1), "I" represents the accessory protein (ISD11), and "A" represents acyl carrier protein (Acp). FXN binds (NIA)2 weakly in the absence of ISCU but more strongly in its presence. Fe2+-FXN binds to the (NIA)2-ISCU2 complex without release of iron. However, upon the addition of both l-cysteine and a reductant (either reduced FDX2 or DTT), Fe2+ is released from FXN as consistent with Fe2+-FXN being the proximal source of iron for Fe-S cluster assembly.
Simple intrinsic defects in GaAs : numerical supplement.

This Report presents numerical tables summarizing properties of intrinsic defects in gallium arsenide, GaAs, as computed by density functional theory. This Report serves as a numerical supplement to the results published in: P.A. Schultz and O.A. von Lilienfeld, 'Simple intrinsic defects in GaAs', Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci Eng., Vol. 17, 084007 (2009), and intended for use as reference tables for a defect physics package in device models. The numerical results for density functional theory calculations of properties of simple intrinsic defects in gallium arsenide are presented.
Numerical Evaluation of the Reflection of Rayleigh Waves using a Weight Function Estimation Method

Theoretical analyses relating the reflection coefficient to crack sizes have been considered by many investigators. The general scattering models which describe the relative signal amplitude of an ultrasonic wave scattered from one transducer to another by a void of arbitrary shape or a distribution of cracks in an infinite homogenous isotropic solid have been developed [1–5]. A scattering model of Rayleigh waves from a planar distribution of surface breaking cracks has also been derived [6]. To evaluate the reflection coefficient using that model, the stress intensity factors (SIF) of the cracks under Rayleigh wave stress fields need to be evaluated.
Does southern California have an energy future: the importance of Sundesert

The case for building the Sundesert nuclear plant illustrates Southern California's energy problems and leads to a proposal for a new approach to siting power plants. Opposition to Sundesert has led to reversals by the State Energy Commission and the Public Utilities Commission on the role of nuclear energy in California. At stake is whether Southern California will have the energy to achieve its societal and individual goals. A comparison of projected energy supplies with projected demands indicates that, without Sundesert, the energy deficit will have to be bridged by imported oil. The Energy Commission's advocacy of oil-fired plants is counter to the shift to alternative energy supplies. The author proposes that rate-setting and power plant certification be combined in one regulatory authority in order to expedite capital formation. He also proposes a clear delineation be established between state and federal responsibilities.
Laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infections and disease

In the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus diseases, marked developments and improvements are achieved through laboratory methods. Quantitative PCR-based technologies including the real-time PCR assay are used for the quantitation of CMV DNA and mRNA in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, cerebrospinal fluid, and amniotic fluid with rapidity and high-level sensitivity. In immunocompromised hosts, these assays can detect CMV DNA from blood even prior to the onset of clinical symptoms, identifying individuals at risk of developing CMV diseases. These assays are also useful in monitoring responses to antiviral treatment and predicting clinical relapse. For preemptive therapy, the thresholds can be determined for the identifying risk of diseases in each group of patients with HIV/AIDS, hematopoietic stem transplantation, and solid organ transplantation, based on PCR assays as well as pp65-antigenemia. The standardization of PCR-based techniques and evaluation of preemptive therapy through multicenter trials will be needed.
Observations on the rare earths—LXXI: Chemical and electrochemical studies of iodide systems in anhydrous N:N′-dimethylformamide

Abstract Solvated rare-earth metal iodides having the general formula LnI3·8DMF (Ln = La, Pr Nd, Sm, or Gd; DMF = N:N′-dimethylformamide) have been prepared by reaction of the hydrated acetate with acetyl iodide in dimethylformamide or by metathesis between the anhydrous chloride and potassium iodide in the same solvent. Several properties of the crystalline salts have been determined. The solvates dissolve readily in N:N′-dimethylformamide, giving solutions exhibiting weak electrolyte behaviour. Such solutions yield amalgams on electrolysis, but conclusive evidence for the deposition of the metals on solid cathodes has not been obtained.
Tying together the analytic Jacobian and algebraic Jacobian

So far in this Chapter, we have defined an algebraic variety Jac C and studied its invariant flows. In Chapter II, we associated to any compact Riemann Surface C a complex torus Jac C. If C is hyperelliptic so that both constructions apply, they are isomorphic by Abel’s theorem. We would now like to make this isomorphism explicitly, i.e., express the algebraic coordinates on Jac C-θ as theta functions.
Data Pre-Processing for Discrimination Prevention: Information-Theoretic Optimization and Analysis

Non-discrimination is a recognized objective in algorithmic decision making. In this paper, we introduce a novel probabilistic formulation of data pre-processing for reducing discrimination. We propose a convex optimization for learning a data transformation with three goals: controlling group discrimination, limiting distortion in individual data samples, and preserving utility. Several theoretical properties are established, including conditions for convexity, a characterization of the impact of limited sample size on discrimination and utility guarantees, and a connection between discrimination and estimation. Two instances of the proposed optimization are applied to datasets, including one on real-world criminal recidivism. Results show that discrimination can be greatly reduced at a small cost in classification accuracy and with precise control of individual distortion.
Vitamin D and Metabolic Supplementation in Orthopedic Trauma

Active assessment and management of hypovitaminosis D among orthopedic patients is low-risk and low-cost while retaining significant potential to improve patient care. Vitamin D has an established role in musculoskeletal development and calcium homeostasis, and vitamin D deficiency is pervasive in orthopedic trauma populations. Clinical guidelines for screening and supplementation for hypovitaminosis D are lacking. Literature on the effects of vitamin K on bone health is limited. Anabolic hormone analogues may have a future role in delayed union or nonunion treatment. Vitamin D deficiency and other endocrine abnormalities should be considered in orthopedic trauma patients presenting with fracture nonunion of uncertain cause.
The case for research on the marketing–finance interface:

This article discusses five dominant themes and important empirical findings in the recent literature on the marketing-finance interface.
Bowel perforation secondary to local tissue injury from intentional iron overdose

Abstract We report the case of a 16-year-old who presented after intentional ingestion of elemental iron (approximately 48 mg/kg). Iron levels at presentation were 4388 mcg/dl. The patient demonstrated symptoms of severe toxicity including hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and multiple organ failure. Fourteen days after ingestion, the patient suffered multiple punctate bowel perforations that were not related to ischemia and appeared to have been the result of local tissue injury from ingested iron. The bowel was successfully primarily repaired. However, the patient eventually succumbed due to the severity of multisystem organ failure and a systemic fungal infection. We report this case to highlight the risk of local tissue trauma from ingested iron, resulting in bowel perforation. This case highlights the need to eliminate ingested iron to limit systemic absorption and to prevent local tissue trauma and bowel perforation.
The influence of wind in secondary settling tanks for wastewater treatment - A computational fluid dynamics study. Part II: Rectangular secondary settling tanks.

Computational fluid dynamics model is used to understand the impact of wind on the performance of a secondary settling tank (SST) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Unlike most of the previous modeling studies which evaluated the wind effect on the settling tank in a water treatment plant, this study evaluates a circular SST in a WWTP at different current velocities and flow conditions. Performance indicators, such as effluent suspended solids and sludge blanket height, and three-dimensional hydrodynamics profiles are compared among different windy conditions and the calm condition and under different wind directions and flow conditions. The simulation results show that the existence of wind has strong negative impacts on the overall performance of the circular SST. The prediction of ESS is doubled in the circular SST under the mild wind condition. Moreover, the circular SST is more sensitive to the wind along the inlet port direction. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This is the first comparison of wind effects on a circular secondary settling tank Detailed computational fluid dynamics solution procedures to simulate a secondary settling tank Wind effects are investigated under multiple flow conditions, current velocities, and wind directions The performance of a circular secondary settling tank is very sensitive to the wind Wind along the inlet port direction has stronger negative impacts than it along 45° to the inlet direction.
Decentralized Adaptive Optimal Tracking Control for Massive Multi-agent Systems: An Actor-Critic-Mass Algorithm

In this paper, decentralized optimal tracking control problem has been studied for multi-agent systems (MAS) with a large population, i.e., massive MAS. Due to the curse of dimensionality and limited communication resource, solving optimal tracking control for massive multi-agent systems in a decentralized manner is much more preferred but also challenging. Therefore, the emerging Mean Field game theory has been adopted and integrated with online reinforcement learning approaches and further produced a novel Actor-Critic-Mass algorithm. In the developed scheme, each agent has three neural networks (NN), i.e., 1) mass neural network (NN) that learned the MAS large population behaviors, 2) critic NN that estimated optimal cost function by using local information and mass behaviors learned from mass NN, and 3) actor NN that online solved the decentralized adaptive optimal tracking control based on information obtained from mass NN and critic NN. According to mean-field game theory, the Hamiltonian-Jacobian-Bellman (HJB) and Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equations are two key components that can be used for tuning actor, critic, and mass NNs effectively. Moreover, Lyapunov theory is used to prove that all the closed-loop signals and NN weights are uniformly bounded in the meanwhile the approximated control input converges close to its near optimal cost with time. Eventually, a series of comprehensive simulation demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Good for democracy? Evidence from the 2004 NATO expansion

Did NATO expansion foster democratic development in Eastern Europe? Past scholarship offers conflicting answers to this question. We seek to bring clarity by focusing on the 2004 NATO expansion to include the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, as well as Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. We leverage the fact that we now as many years of data since NATO entry as we have between the collapse of the Soviet Union and the 2004 NATO expansion. We also use newly available and highly refined data on regime type. We show that NATO membership and anticipation thereof had little to no influence on democratic development in Eastern Europe. However, anticipation of European Union membership appears to have bolstered democratic development. Although the results cannot fully rule out NATO playing a secondary role, they make clear that NATO membership was not a necessary condition for democratic survival in Eastern Europe.
A Video-based Debriefing Program to Support Emergency Medicine Clinician Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Emergency clinicians on the frontline of the coronavirus pandemic experience a range of emotions including anxiety, fear, and grief. Debriefing can help clinicians process these emotions, but the coronavirus pandemic makes it difficult to create a physically and psychologically safe space in the emergency department (ED) to perform this intervention. In response, we piloted a video-based debriefing program to support emergency clinician well-being. We report the details of our program and results of our evaluation of its acceptability and perceived value to emergency clinicians during the pandemic. METHODS: ED attending physicians, resident physicians, and non-physician practitioners (NPP) at our quaternary-care academic medical center were invited to participate in role-based, weekly one-hour facilitated debriefings using Zoom. ED attendings with experience in debriefing led each session and used an explorative approach that focused on empathy and normalizing reactions. At the end of the pilot, we distributed to participants an anonymous 10-point survey that included multiple-answer questions and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: We completed 18 debriefings with 68 unique participants (29 attending physicians, 6 resident physicians, and 33 NPPs. A total of 76% of participants responded to our survey and 77% of respondents participated in at least two debriefings. Emergency clinicians reported that the most common reasons to participate in the debriefings were "to enhance my sense of community and connection" (81%) followed by "to support colleagues" (75%). Debriefing with members of the same role group (92%) and the Zoom platform (81%) were considered to be helpful aspects of the debriefing structure. Although emergency clinicians found these sessions to be useful (78.8 +/- 17.6) interquartile range: 73-89), NPPs were less comfortable speaking up (58.5 +/- 23.6) than attending physicians (77.8 +/- 25.0) (p = < 0.008). CONCLUSION: Emergency clinicians participating in a video-based debriefing program during the coronavirus pandemic found it to be an acceptable and useful approach to support emotional well-being. Our program provided participants with a platform to support each other and maintain a sense of community and connection. Other EDs should consider implementing a debriefing program to safeguard the emotional well-being of their emergency clinician workforce.
A Finite Energy Bandwidth-Based Diffraction Simulation Framework for Thermal Processing Applications

We present a novel finite energy bandwidth-based diffraction simulation framework to aid the analysis of x-ray diffraction patterns gathered during in situ advanced manufacturing processes. The framework generates two-dimensional diffraction patterns that simulate the effects of x-ray energy distributions typical of monochromating optics, and uses microstructure and temperature fields from thermal processing simulations as input. As a demonstration of the capabilities of the framework, we model diffraction associated with selective laser melting of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, employing a finite element thermal model for the input. The simulated diffraction patterns correspond to material volumes exhibiting large temperature gradients consistent with complex thermal processing environments, and we illustrate their utility for interpreting in situ data.
Topological invariants for fractional quantum Hall states

We calculate a topological invariant, whose value would coincide with the Chern number in the case of integer quantum Hall effect, for fractional quantum Hall states. In the case of Abelian fractional quantum Hall states, this invariant is shown to be equal to the trace of the K-matrix. In the case of non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states, this invariant can be calculated on a case by case basis from the conformal field theory describing these states. This invariant can be used, for example, to distinguish between different fractional Hall states numerically even though, as a single number, it cannot uniquely label distinct states.
Setting As You Like It: Shakespearean Appropriation for the Cable Television Market

Kenneth Branagh's As You Like It: A Review Cluster Edited by Matt Kozusko Continuing his trend of Shakespearean adaptation, Kenneth Branagh and his Shakespeare Film Company recently released a new interpretation of As You Like It through HBO and BBC films. Although the film was released to theaters in Italy on 1 September, 2006, it went straight to television in the United States; HBO first aired the film on 21 August, 2007. With stage and screen veterans Brian Blessed, Kevin Kline, and Alfred Molina, RSC star David Oyelewo, RADA graduate Adrian Lester, and talented newcomers Bryce Dallas Howard (daughter of director Ron Howard) and Romola Garai, Branagh's film is generally well acted; indeed, Howard was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television, and Kline won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries. Set in nineteenth-century Japan, the film is also visually gorgeous; that setting, however, is also what makes this production awkward and ultimately unsatisfying.