cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Safety of Vibro-Acoustography Using a Confocal Transducer

Abstract Vibro-acoustography (VA) is an imaging method that forms a two-dimensional (2-D) image by moving two cofocused ultrasound beams with slightly different frequencies over the object in a C-scan format and recording acoustic emission from the focal region at the difference frequency. This article studies tissue heating due to a VA scan using a concentric confocal transducer. The three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound intensity field calculated by Field II is used with the bio-heat equation to estimate tissue heating due to ultrasound absorption. Results calculated with thermal conduction and with blood perfusion, with conduction and without perfusion and without conduction and without perfusion are compared. Maximum heating due to ultrasound absorption occurs in the transducer's near-field and maximum temperature rise in soft tissue during a single VA scan is below 0.05°C for all three attenuation coefficients evaluated: 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 dB/cm/MHz. Transducer self-heating during a single VA scan measured by a thermocouple is less than 0.27°C. (E-mail: chen.shigao@mayo.edu )
Changes in Obesity Between Fifth and Tenth Grades: A Longitudinal Study in Three Metropolitan Areas

BACKGROUND: Despite epidemic childhood obesity levels, we know little about how BMI changes from preadolescence to adolescence and what factors influence changes. METHODS: We studied 3961 randomly selected public school students and 1 parent per student in 3 US metropolitan areas in fifth and again in tenth grades. In each grade, we measured child and parent height/weight and calculated BMI category. We examined whether baseline sociodemographic characteristics, child health-related factors, and parental obesity were significantly associated with exit from and entry into obesity from fifth to tenth grade. RESULTS: Fifth- and tenth-graders were 1%/2% underweight, 53%/60% normal weight, 19%/18% overweight, and 26%/20% obese, respectively. Among obese tenth-graders, 83% had been obese as fifth-graders and 13% had been overweight. Sixty-five percent of obese fifth-graders remained obese as tenth-graders, and 23% transitioned to overweight. Multivariately, obese fifth-graders who perceived themselves to be much heavier than ideal ( P = .01) and those who had lower household education ( P = .006) were less likely to exit obesity; by contrast, overweight fifth-graders were more likely to become obese if they had an obese parent ( P P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Obese fifth-graders face challenges in reducing obesity, especially when they lack advantages associated with higher socioeconomic status or when they have a negative body image. Clinicians and others should educate parents on the importance of preventing obesity very early in development. Children who are not yet obese by fifth grade but who have an obese parent or who watch considerable television might benefit from monitoring, as might children who have negative body images.
A human U2 RNA mutant stalled in 3′ end processing is impaired in nuclear import

The biosynthesis of U1, U2, U4 and U5 spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) involves the nuclear export of precursor molecules extended at their 3' ends, followed by a cytoplasmic phase during which the pre-snRNAs assemble into ribonucleoprotein particles and undergo hypermethylation of their 5' caps and 3' end processing prior to nuclear import. Previous studies have demonstrated that the assembly of pre-snRNAs into ribonucleoprotein particles containing the Sm core proteins is essential for nuclear import in mammalian cells but that 5' cap hypermethylation is not. In the present investigation we have asked whether or not 3' end processing is required for nuclear import of U2 RNA. We designed human pre-U2 RNAs that carried modified 3' tails, and identified one that was stalled (or greatly slowed) in 3' end processing, leading to its accumulation in the cytoplasm of human cells. Nonetheless, this 3' processing arrested pre-U2 RNA molecule was found to undergo cytoplasmic assembly into Sm protein-containing complexes to the same extent as normal pre-U2 RNA. The Sm protein-associated, unprocessed mutant pre-U2 RNA was not observed in the nuclear fraction. Using an assay based on suppression of a genetically blocked SV40 pre-mRNA splicing pathway, we found that the 3' processing deficient U2 RNA was significantly reduced in its ability to rescue splicing, consistent with its impaired nuclear import.
A Novel Method for Measuring the Polarization Angle of Satellite Radio Waves

One of the most important parameters for the study of the physics of the ionosphere is the columnar electron content. This can be obtained indirectly by measuring the Faraday rotation of signals emitted from satellites. Many different types of polarimeters have been developed for this purpose. Efforts to develop a new type of polarimeter, suitable for extensive network operation, led to a novel technique for measuring the polarization angle.
Attitudes of neonatologists toward delivery room management of confirmed trisomy 18: potential factors influencing a changing dynamic.

To the Editor. — The recent Pediatrics article by McGraw and Perlman1 was highly relevant and provocative. By performing this investigation and discussing the issues, the authors opened a needed dialogue on the management of newborns with trisomy 18 and 13. I have commented in the past on the surprising lack of discussion on the ethical issues surrounding the treatment of infants with these conditions.2 This seems surprising given the high birth prevalence of these 2 syndromes: the combined frequency of both is 1 in 5500 live births, translating to ∼725 infants annually in the United States alone.3 Although I …
A Model For Teaching Integration Of Business Disciplines To Freshman Business Majors

The John L. Grove College of Business recently completed major revisions to the core curriculum as part of AACSB recertification efforts. A significant omission in the "old" curriculum came to light during focus groups and surveys of students. They revealed that the curriculum that had existed virtually unchanged for twenty years had no provisions for giving students an overview of how coursework fit together. In addition, students had virtually no exposure to finance, management, or marketing until their junior year, even though many had declared one of these as their major. A solution agreed upon by the business faculty was to incorporate a freshman business integration experience course, Foundations in Business Administration, into the new curriculum. The course is designed to expose students to various disciplines in business and present the basics of how these disciplines interact in businesses. In addition to the focus on business disciplines, the course includes numerous activities designed to help students develop a better understanding of how their goals and interests can be integrated into the process of planning academic and career goals with emphasis on relating their academic and extracurricular activities to those career goals. The Freshman Business Experience, now referred to as the Business Integration Experience, has been in the curriculum for one academic year. This paper provides details about the development and implementation of the initiative, lessons learned from the first year's experience, and preliminary assessments of the program's effectiveness.
Figure Correction: How Consumers and Physicians View New Medical Technology: Comparative Survey.

Background: See OA Objective: See OA Methods: See OA Results: See OA Conclusions: See OA [J Med Internet Res 2015;17(12):e284]
Assent as an ethical imperative in the treatment of ADHD

The American Academy of Paediatrics endorses obtaining assent when prescribing medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in older children whenever possible. Studies indicate the concept of assent may not be well understood by clinicians, possibly effecting effective and widespread implementation. We argue that though the concept of assent continues to evolve, it is critical in the context of patient-centred care, shared decision-making and in supporting minors' transition to adulthood. Based on the principle of respect for young persons, we argue that obtaining assent is an ethical imperative when prescribing medication for ADHD. We highlight the instrumental benefits of obtaining assent in the paediatric clinical encounter when prescribing medications for treatment of ADHD.
3-D localization of Diabetic Macular Edema using OCT thickness maps

This paper presents a novel automated system that segments 3-D thickness maps of sub-retinal layers from healthy and abnormal OCT image stacks with Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). These automated thickness maps are well correlated (r > 0.7) with the manually segmented thickness maps. The thickness maps demonstrate highly irregular regions in the inner and outer nuclear layers for patients with DME when compared to the healthy images. The combined area of irregularity in the inner and outer nuclear layers can thereby be extracted as a novel metric with correlation r = 0.99 to track the severity of DME. No other existing automated algorithm has extracted inner sub-retinal layer thickness maps from OCT image stacks of DME patients. The proposed system is fast and robust in locating the sub-retinal changes caused by DME in the 3-D sub-retinal micro-structure.
Mechanical Properties of Nickel Base Metastable Solid Solutions with Large Size Mismatch

Ni-based stable and metastable solid solutions with T3 and T4 transition metals have been prepared by rapid liquid quenching. The microhardnesses of these alloys show a substantial increase (by a factor of 4 to 5) that scales with their size mismatch as well as the solute concentration. It was found that the microhardness increase, ΔHv, can be fitted well to the theoretical equation: ΔHv = K μ (cη)4/3 where μ is the solvent shear modulus, c is the solute concentration and η is the size mismatch. The constant K for Ni base solid solutions is ∼85.
Ultrafiltration membranes with a thin poly(styrene)-b-poly(isoprene) selective layer.

Ultrafiltration membranes with an 80 nm thick block polymer derived selective layer containing 20 nm cylindrical pores were prepared by removing poly(lactide) (PLA) from a poly(styrene)-b-poly(isoprene)-b-poly(lactide) (PS-PI-PLA) film onto a microporous polymer support. The block polymer film adopted a core(PLA)-shell(PI) cylindrical morphology in which vertically-oriented PLA cylinders were degraded to leave PI-lined channels in a PS matrix. Thanks to the combination of PS and PI in the nanoporous matrix, chemical cross-linking was not needed to provide mechanical stability in the thin film. The membranes showed a hydraulic flux of 165 L m–2 h–1 bar–1 and were able to size-discriminate poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutes in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Research into practice: How research appears in pronunciation teaching materials

Research into pronunciation has often disregarded its potential to inform pedagogy. This is due partly to the historical development of pronunciation teaching and research, but its effect is that there is often a mismatch between research and teaching. This paper looks at four areas in which the (mis)match is imperfect but in which a greater recognition of research can lead to better teaching materials (high variability phonetic training, intonation, information structure, and setting priorities). Furthermore, two areas in which teaching materials are desperate for research to be carried out (connected speech and the primacy of suprasegmentals) will be discussed.
Organizational Leadership and Health Care Reform

Policies, health, and government regulations affect various Health Care organizations and their members. One such policy, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, attempts to improve the performance of health care systems through the use of technology, such as Electronic Health Records. The most critical task of leadership is to establish a mindset at the top of the organization and function to infuse a culture of excellence throughout the organization. Health organizations can only progress if their members share a set of values and are single-mindedly committed to achieving openly defined objectives. This chapter investigates organizational leadership in relation to health care reforms to include trends in health care leadership, Stratified Systems Theory (SST), Systems Thinking, and regulators perspectives. The chapter will consist of the following sections: background; issues controversies, and problems; solutions and recommendation; future research directions; and conclusion.
Nominal Group Process—an Evaluative Tool for Clinical Instruction

Effectiveness of educational programs should be continually evaluated. Methods normally used to evaluate program effectiveness are many times biased and ineffective, thus giving erroneous results. The Nominal Group Process (NGP) has been proven to be an effective evaluative tool in identifying qualitative problems that may be perceived to reduce effectiveness of clinical instruction. The NGP is explained and described. Results of this process used in the Hillsborough Community College Nuclear Medicine Technology Program are reported and its use as a routine evaluative tool for clinical instruction is recommended.
Laboratory Structure and Function

Laboratory tests have been a part of medical care at least as long ago as the time when Hippocrates practiced, around 300 BC. The first clinical laboratories were established late in the nineteenth century. The results of clinical laboratory tests are used to diagnose disease, determine appropriate therapies, detect toxins, monitor therapeutic drug concentrations, and assess overall health. Laboratory tests consume a very small fraction of total healthcare spending, but have great influence over medical decisions. There is little doubt that laboratory services are essential to adequate healthcare, and their role is certain to increase as clinical applications of new technologies such as proteomics and molecular diagnostics expand.
N-doped polymeric resin-derived porous carbons as efficient ammonia removal and detection media

Abstract Nitrogen-containing polymeric resin-derived carbons were prepared and used as ammonia adsorbents at dynamic conditions in dry air. For their preparation different combinations of melamine/urea and phenol/resorcinol/formaldehyde were selected as the nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Surface structural and chemical features of the carbons were further modified by oxidizing the samples in air at 350 °C. The adsorption capacity significantly increased after this process, reaching 73 mg/g, which, to the best of our knowledge, is higher than those reported in the literature for other carbon materials. It was found that the specific surface chemistry, arising from the type of the nitrogen source used for the preparation of the carbons, governs the ammonia adsorption mechanism. Nitrogen located in six-membered rings in the form of pyridines, pyridine-N-oxides and quaternary nitrogen, rather than other peripheral nitrogen species (amines, amides), was found to enhance ammonia adsorption. The air-oxidized samples also showed high sensitivities as ammonia sensors. A linear correlation between the sensor response and the number of weakly acidic groups was observed. The material with the highest adsorption capacity showed the optimal electrical performance. Melamine-phenol-urea was found to be the best combination of precursors leading to the highest ammonia uptake and sensitivity in the application as a gas sensor.
In situ micro-tensile testing on proton beam-irradiated stainless steel

Abstract Small-scale mechanical testing techniques are currently being explored and developed for engineering applications. In particular, micro-tensile testing can add tremendous value, since the entire stress-strain curve, including the strain to failure, can be measured directly. In this work, 304 stainless steel specimens irradiated with 2 MeV protons to 10 dpa (full-cascade setting in the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter, SRIM, software) at 360 °C was evaluated using micro-tensile testing. It was found that even on the micron scale, the measured strain corresponds well with macroscopic expectations. In addition, a new approach to analyzing sudden slip events is presented.
Emergence as innovation in systems of systems — A three systems model

While emergence tends to be discussed as an outcome of a system of systems (SoS), it should be viewed as a process. Emergence is often the result of innovation within an SoS. We contend that, because of the complex adaptive nature of SoS, the assessment of the potential for innovation to create positive change is necessary for effective evolutionary planning. Innovation potential represents the convergence of three systems: the system of interest, the innovation system, and the context where these interact and come together. The three-system model is a useful perspective to assess the potential impact of innovation on the evolution of an SoS, and to describe the context of SoS emergence as enabled or constrained by its innovation system. We describe a set of methods and tools adapted from both SoS engineering and human-centered design which can be used for strategic design and planning of SoS evolution. The methods and tools are discussed with respect to the potential emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into the context of urban transportation systems, a complex adaptive SoS.
Robert Newall's Primary Record of the Prehistoric Ship Graffiti at Hal Tarxien, Malta: new thoughts on their significance

Recent research on now indistinct ship graffiti in the Third Temple at Hal Tarxien led to discovery of a full-size record made 50 years ago. Correspondence elucidates contemporary interpretation of the context. Colonization of the island from Sicily c.5000 BC probably involved large flotation devices similar to those identified on the lowest tier of graffiti. A Neolithic date for some of the images finds support with the identification of a raft supporting the cult statue located in the same part of the temple.
Taking the land without the people: The 1967 story as told by the law

This paper seeks to show how Israel has deployed Occupation Law in strategic ways to incrementally take the land of Palestine without its people. It argues that Israel has used UN Security Council Resolution 242 to retroactively legitimate those colonial takings in a political framework shaped by U.S. intervention. In themselves, the constituent pieces of the argument are not new and they have been extensively discussed in legal, political science, and historical literature. Rather than consider them as the sum of their parts, this paper attempts to view the issues that have been kept distinct and separate within disciplinary silos as a mutually-reinforcing whole, demonstrating that the United States9 political position made an otherwise bankrupt legal argument effective and showing how the Security Council9s deliberations gave Israel ample room for maneuver in spite of the drafting parties9 original intent. In examining the relationship between law and political power, the article points to the ways in which the balance of power bears upon the meaning and significance of law in international conflict. Thus, the failure of Occupation Law to regulate the occupation of the Palestinian Territories ultimately reflects the outcome of a political, not a legal, contest: Israel9s legal argumentation that the territories are merely under its administration would have no value were it not for the power politics that shape international relations in the region.
Imaging corticotropin-releasing-factor and nociceptin in addiction and PTSD models

Addiction is composed of three phases: intoxication, withdrawal, and craving. Negative reinforcement, strengthening a behaviour by removing an aversive stimulus, has been associated with the withdrawal phase. An imbalance of neurotransmitters within the brain's stress (nociceptin, neuropeptide Y) and anti-stress (CRF, norepinephrine, etc.) system is attributed to negatively reinforced compulsive behaviours associated with relapse. Similarly, post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by an overactive stress system. In a PTSD mouse model, rodents exhibited impaired cued-fear memory consolidation when nociceptin transmission was blocked. Furthermore, a single-nucleotide polymorphism has been identified between women diagnosed with PTSD and the severity of PTSD symptoms, suggesting a genetic basis. Therefore, it is critical to understand the functions and interactions between the brain's stress and anti-stress neurotransmitters, specifically nociceptin. This paper will examine the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, evaluate the functions of corticotropin-releasing-factor and nociceptin, discuss nociceptin's role as an anxiolytic or anxiogenic, and discuss PET-imaging studies-all of which targeted nociceptin receptors (NOP-R). Finally, the discussion of pharmacological interventions will be proposed as preventative or therapeutic treatments for those suffering from PTSD and substance-use disorders.
Social Well-Being in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer between ages 15–39 years are a unique and vulnerable population, encountering many typical developmental challenges while also dea...
Upfront Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Laser-Ablation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Multicenter Review of Survival Outcomes Compared to a Matched Cohort of Biopsy-Only Patients.

BACKGROUND Laser ablation (LA) is used as an upfront treatment in patients with deep seated newly diagnosed Glioblastoma (nGBM). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes of LA in patients with nGBM and compare them with a matched biopsy-only cohort. METHODS Twenty-four nGBM patients underwent upfront LA at Cleveland clinic, Washington University in St. Louis, and Yale University (6/2011-12/2014) followed by chemo/radiotherapy. Also, 24 out of 171 nGBM patients with biopsy followed by chemo/radiotherapy were matched based on age (< 70 vs ≥ 70), gender, tumor location (deep vs lobar), and volume (<11 cc vs ≥11 cc). Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-specific PFS and OS were outcome measures. Three prognostic groups were identified based on extent of tumor ablation by thermal-damage-threshold (TDT)-lines. RESULTS The median tumor volume in LA (n = 24) and biopsy only (n = 24) groups was 9.3 cm3 and 8.2 cm3 respectively. Overall, median estimate of OS and PFS in LA cohort was 14.4 and 4.3 mo compared to 15.8 mo and 5.9 mo for biopsy only cohort. On multivariate analysis, favorable TDT-line prognostic groups were associated with lower incidence of disease specific death (P = .03) and progression (P = .05) compared to other groups including biopsy only cohort. Only age (<70 yr, P = .02) and tumor volume (<11 cc, P = .03) were favorable prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSION The maximum tumor coverage by LA followed by radiation/chemotherapy is an effective treatment modality in patients with nGBM, compared to biopsy only cohort. The TDT-line prognostic groups were independent predictor of disease specific death and progression after LA.
Citizen Scientists as Human Subjects: Ethical Issues

An increasing number of human studies are asking participants to have substantial involvement in research. Citizens in human studies may contribute to various research activities, including study design, recruitment, data interpretation, and data and sample collection. Citizen involvement in research raises novel ethical issues for human studies, because individuals have traditionally occupied the role of researcher or subject, but not both at the same time. The confluence of these two different roles in the same person poses challenges for investigators and oversight committees because legal rules and ethical guidelines focus on protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects and do not address issues that fall outside this domain, such as study design, data quality and integrity, reporting misconduct, authorship, or publication. This article examines some of these issues and makes recommendations for investigators and oversight committees.
Development and Evalauation of Laser Optimized 50 / 125μm Multimode Fibers and Cables

We developed a 850nm laser optimized 50 / 125μm MMF, and characterized its 10 Gigabit Ethernet transmission properties. A bend insentive MMF fiber design which was durable against bending diameter of 30 mm was also developed.
Prominin2 Drives Ferroptosis Resistance by Stimulating Iron Export

Ferroptosis, regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid reactive oxygen species, contributes to tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies, and it may be exploited for therapy. Cells differ in their sensitivity to ferroptosis, however, and a key challenge is to understand mechanisms that contribute to resistance. Using RNA-seq to identify genes that contribute to ferroptosis resistance, we discovered that pro-ferroptotic stimuli, including inhibition of the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 and detachment from the extracellular matrix, induce expression of prominin2, a pentaspanin protein implicated in regulation of lipid dynamics. Prominin2 facilitates ferroptosis resistance in mammary epithelial and breast carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, prominin2 promotes the formation of ferritin-containing multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and exosomes that transport iron out of the cell, inhibiting ferroptosis. These findings reveal that ferroptosis resistance can be driven by a prominin2-MVB-exosome-ferritin pathway and have broad implications for iron homeostasis, intracellular trafficking, and cancer.
Algorithmically Controlled Electroporation: A Technique for Closed Loop Temperature Regulated Pulsed Electric Field Cancer Ablation

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a closed-loop temperature based feedback algorithm on ablative outcomes for pulsed electric field treatments. Methods: A 3D tumor model of glioblastoma was used to assess the impact of 2 μs duration bipolar waveforms on viability following exposure to open and closed-loop protocols. Closed-loop treatments evaluated transient temperature increases of 5, 10, 15, or 22 °C above baseline. Results: The temperature controlled ablation diameters were conditionally different than the open-loop treatments and closed-loop treatments generally produced smaller ablations. Closed-loop control enabled the investigation of treatments with steady state 42 °C hyperthermic conditions which were not feasible without active feedback. Baseline closed-loop treatments at 20 °C resulted in ablations measuring 9.9 ± 0.3 mm in diameter while 37 °C treatments were 20% larger (p Conclusion: A closed-loop control algorithm which modulated the delay between successive pulse waveforms to achieve stable target temperatures was demonstrated. Algorithmic control enabled the evaluation of specific treatment parameters at physiological temperatures not possible with open-loop systems due to excessive Joule heating. Significance: Irreversible electroporation is generally considered to be a non-thermal ablation modality and temperature monitoring is not part of the standard clinical practice. The results of this study indicate ablative outcomes due to exposure to pulses on the order of one microsecond may be thermally mediated and dependent on local tissue temperatures. The results of this study set the foundation for experiments in vivo utilizing temperature control algorithms.
Zeolite water purification at Tikal, an ancient Maya city in Guatemala.

Evidence for the oldest known zeolite water purification filtration system occurs in the undisturbed sediments of the Corriental reservoir at the Maya city of Tikal, in northern Guatemala. The Corriental reservoir was an important source of drinking water at Tikal during the Late Preclassic to Late Classic cultural periods. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and six AMS radiocarbon ages show that between ~ 2185 and 965 cal yr B.P. the drinking water in the Corriental reservoir water was filtered through a mixture of zeolite and coarse, sand-sized crystalline quartz. Zeolite is a non-toxic, three-dimensionally porous, crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate with natural adsorbent and ion exchange properties, which removes harmful microbes as well as dispersed insoluble and soluble toxins from drinking water. The occurrence of zeolite in Corriental reservoir sediments expands our understanding of the earliest history of water purification and the long-term sustainability of an ancient Maya city.
When Whiteness Clouds Mindfulness: Using Critical Theories to Examine Mindfulness Trainings for Educators in Urban Schools

This article describes results from a critical co-ethnography focused on a mindfulness training for educators in an urban school district in the southeastern region of the U.S. Working across racia...
Planar imaging dilemmas in nuclear medicine: added value of lateral projection.

1141 Objectives: 1. Highlight the usefulness of additional lateral projection in making definitive diagnosis in nuclear medicine planar scintigraphy. 2. Reinforce the added value of additional lateral view for localization of radiotracer activity on planar imaging and illustrate this with examples from our center. Outline: Introduction: • Planar scintigraphy facts (Head and Neck Planar scintigraphy, Thoracic Planar Scintigraphy, Gastrointestinal Scintigraphy, Renal Planar Scintigraphy, Musculoskeletal Planar Scintigraphy) • Sample planar scintigraphy cases (from our institution under each category above emphasizing the usefulness of additional lateral imaging) Conclusions: References:Summary: Planar scintigraphy is the most commonly utilized imaging modality in nuclear medicine. The interpretation of tracer uptake on planar imaging is limited due to poor anatomic localization. Imaging is usually performed from either patient9s front or back. Sometimes localization of activity on these routine anterior and posterior planar projections can create diagnostic dilemma for the reporting radiologist. In some centers additional or lateral imaging is performed routinely, whereas in other centers these additional views are only performed when necessary. Even though, hybrid single-photon emission computed tomography - computed tomography (SPECT-CT) allows precise anatomic localization and may provide further information regarding the underlying pathology, it requires additional imaging time and increased radiation exposure and should only be utilized when necessary. Obtaining additional views on planar imaging will improve diagnostic accuracy, prevent need for more expensive and unnecessary additional imaging and reduce patient anxiety.
Electromigration Immortality Check considering Joule Heating Effect for Multisegment Wires**This work is supported in part by NSF grants under No. CCF-1816361, in part by NSF grant under No. CCF-2007135 and No. OISE-1854276.

Electromigration (EM) is still the most important reliability concern for VLSI systems, especially at the nanometer regime. EM immortality check is an important step for full-chip EM signoff analysis. In this paper, we propose a new electromigration (EM) immortality check method for multi-segment interconnect considering the impacts of Joule heating induced temperature gradient. Temperature gradients from metal Joule heating, called thermal migration, can be a significant force for the metal atomic migrations, and these impacts get more significant as technology scales down. Compared to existing methods, the new method can consider the spatial temperature gradient due to Joule heating for multi-segment wires for the first time. We derive the analytic solution for the resulting steady-state EM-thermal migration stress distribution problem. Then we develop the new temperature-aware voltage-based EM immortality check method considering the multi-segment temperature migration effects, which carries all the benefits of the recently proposed voltage-based EM immortality method for multi-segment interconnects. Numerical results on an IBM power grid and self synthesized power delivery networks show that the proposed temperature-aware EM immortality check method is much more accurate than recently proposed state of the art EM immortality method.
Abstract 16212: Ultrasound Jugular Venous Pulsation Outperforms Visual Assessment and Ivc Collapsibility for Central Venous Pressures in Obese Patients

Introduction: Accurate volume status assessment is central to heart failure management, but current non-invasive bedside techniques remain a challenge, particularly in obese patients. Studies have ...
tapiserí: Blueprint to modernize DevSecOps for real world

Micro-service application pattern has revolutionize the overall software delivery lifecycle. Modularization has allowed breaking monolithic application into independent components that can be developed faster and automation in CICD has enabled high velocity deployment of applications to the cloud. Such a modernization has mandated a need to put security at the center of the workflow from code to container, giving rise to the DevSecOps paradigms. Although effectiveness of the existing DevSecOps solutions is limited by lack of good development practices and narrow scope where it is applied for security analytic only around code hygiene, like vulnerability scanning, license auditing, etc. We discuss our survey on these challenges and highlight their security implications. In tapiseri we then present wider perspective to design a DevSecOps solution that addresses prevalent challenges around supply chain security, build security for micro-services, ensures integrity of the pipelines themselves and brings transparency and auditability to the process.
International Political Systems and the Future

If a cybernetic approach is helpful in understanding past activities in the international milieu, is the same approach helpful in clarifying the meaning of the present? As the development of the cybernetic approach itself suggests, this kind of analysis should be very useful in determining how the present international system operates. What remains to be asked is within what framework can the present be best understood?
Frequent outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier, Mount Rainier, U.S.A.: relation to debris flows, meteorological origin and implications for subglacial hydrology

Destructive debris flows occur frequently at glacierized Mount Rainier volcano, Washington, U.S.A. Twenty-three such flows have occurred in the Tahoma Creek valley since 1967. Hydrologic and geomorphic evidence indicate that all or nearly all of these flows began as outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier. Flood waters are stored subglacially. The volume of stored water discharged during a typical outburst flood would form a layer several centimeters thick over the bed of the entire glacier, although it is more likely that large linked cavities account for most of the storage. Statistical analysis shows that outburst floods usually occur during periods of atypically hot or rainy weather in summer or early autumn, and that the probability of an outburst increases with temperature (a proxy measure of ablation rate) or rainfall rate. We suggest than outburst floods are triggered by rapid water input to the glacier bed. causing water-pressure transients that destabilize the linked-cavity) system, The correlation between outburst Hoods and meteorological factors casts doubt on an earlier hypothesis that melting around geothermal vents triggers outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier.
Hybrid Systems with Finite Bisimulations

The theory of formal verification is one of the main approaches to hybrid system analysis. Decidability questions for verification algorithms are obtained by constructing finite, reachability preserving quotient systems called bisimulations. In this paper, we use recent results from stratification theory, subanalytic sets, and model theory in order to extend the state-of-the-art results on the existence of bisimulations for certain classes of planar hybrid systems.
Experimental eosinophilia: VIII. Cellular responses to altered globulins within cutaneous tissue

Inflammatory cell responses to cosinotactic agents were studied in the guinca pig under short-term experimental conditions designed: (1) to cxclude possible associated antibody formation, and (2) to produce preliminary histaminic influences on challengcd tissue sites. Localized eosinophil cell infiltrations into dermis developed six hours after intracutaneous challenge to: (1) molecular aggregates of rabbit serum gamma globulins, (2) preformed soluble antigen-antibody complexes prepared in vitro from bovinc gamma globulin (BGG) and corresponding rabbit antiserum, and (3) BGG antigen-antibody systems through passive sensitization techniques. Exogenous histamine neither evoked an cosinophilia per se nor exerted synergistic or potentiating influences on specifically challenged dermal sites. Pre-existing states of immediate hypersensitivity to unrelated antigen (i.e., ovalbumin or hemocyanin) did not affect eosinophil leukocytc responses to gamma globulin aggregates. The prompt emergence of eosinophil cell-containing infiltrates within tissue devoid of demonstrated antibody forming elements suggests that the eosinotactic influences may have been related to the gamma globulin complexcs. This in turn may be a function of their state of molecular aggregation.
DEVELOPMENT OF MANNED ARTIFICAL SATELLITES AND SPACE STATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the development of manned artificial satellites and space stations. Man's exploration of space progresses in several distinct phases. The first one involves ballistic flights and short orbital missions of sounding rockets and instrument carriers to explore the characteristics of the space environment. As the capabilities of the space vehicle systems increase, these types of operations are extended in duration, range, complexity, and sophistication. The third phase concerns manned space flight operations. Starting with ballistic, suborbital, and short orbital flights, the goal is directed toward the exploration of interplanetary space, the determination of man's performance capabilities during space missions, circumlunar flights, and landings on the moon and on other planets. The problems to be investigated, among others, concern primarily the whole set of external conditions impinging upon the pilot of a spacecraft or its crew. Two major avenues of approach led to the realization of space transport. They have been staked out by the development of the modern high-performance aircraft on the one hand and by the effective utilization of ballistic rocket nosecones on the other.
Spectroscopy of the Lyman Continuum of Hot DAs Using the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

We report observations by the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) of the hot DA stars Feige 24, G191-B2B, HZ 43, GD 71, and GD 153 which are among the brightest white dwarfs observed by EUVE. Spectral features such as the HeI photoionization edge at 504 A and the autoionization feature at 206 A as well as, the Hell photoionization edge at 228 A are fingerprints of the ISM typically detected in the EUVE spectra of hot DA. Effective temperatures both obtained from the fitting of pure hydrogen and metal-blanketed models are derived along with the ISM column densities of HI and HeI.
Mechanics of shear rupture applied to earthquake zones

The mechanics of shear slippage and rupture in rock masses are reviewed. The essential ideas in fracture mechanics are summarized emphasizing the interpretation and relation among the fracture parameters in shear cracks. The slip-weakening model is described. The general formulation of the problem of nonuniform slip distribution in a continuum is covered.
Galois embeddings for linear groups

A criterion is given for the solvability of a central Galois embedding problem to go from a projective linear group covering to a vectorial linear group covering.
A TCR Targeting the HLA-A*0201–Restricted Epitope of MAGE-A3 Recognizes Multiple Epitopes of the MAGE-A Antigen Superfamily in Several Types of Cancer

Adoptive immunotherapy using TCR-engineered PBLs against melanocyte differentiation Ags mediates objective tumor regression but is associated with on-target toxicity. To avoid toxicity to normal tissues, we targeted cancer testis Ag (CTA) MAGE-A3, which is widely expressed in a range of epithelial malignancies but is not expressed in most normal tissues. To generate high-avidity TCRs against MAGE-A3, we employed a transgenic mouse model that expresses the human HLA-A*0201 molecule. Mice were immunized with two HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides of MAGE-A3: 112-120 (KVAELVHFL) or MAGE-A3: 271-279 (FLWGPRALV), and T cell clones were generated. MAGE-A3-specific TCR α- and β-chains were isolated and cloned into a retroviral vector. Expression of both TCRs in human PBLs demonstrated Ag-specific reactivity against a range of melanoma and nonmelanoma tumor cells. The TCR against MAGE-A3: 112-120 was selected for further development based on superior reactivity against tumor target cells. Interestingly, peptide epitopes from MAGE-A3 and MAGE-A12 (and to a lesser extent, peptides from MAGE-A2 and MAGE-A6) were recognized by PBLs engineered to express this TCR. To further improve TCR function, single amino acid variants of the CDR3 α-chain were generated. Substitution of alanine to threonine at position 118 of the α-chain in the CDR3 region of the TCR improved its functional avidity in CD4 and CD8 cells. On the basis of these results, a clinical trial is planned in which patients bearing a variety of tumor histologies will receive autologous PBLs that have been transduced with this optimized anti-MAGE-A3 TCR.
A model of cerebrocerebello-spinomuscular interaction in the sagittal control of human walking

A computationally developed model of human upright balance control (Jo and Massaquoi on Biol cybern 91:188–202, 2004) has been enhanced to describe biped walking in the sagittal plane. The model incorporates (a) non-linear muscle mechanics having activation level -dependent impedance, (b) scheduled cerebrocerebellar interaction for control of center of mass position and trunk pitch angle, (c) rectangular pulse-like feedforward commands from a brainstem/ spinal pattern generator, and (d) segmental reflex modulation of muscular synergies to refine inter-joint coordination. The model can stand when muscles around the ankle are coactivated. When trigger signals activate, the model transitions from standing still to walking at 1.5 m/s. Simulated natural walking displays none of seven pathological gait features. The model can simulate different walking speeds by tuning the amplitude and frequency in spinal pattern generator. The walking is stable against forward and backward pushes of up to 70 and 75 N, respectively, and with sudden changes in trunk mass of up to 18%. The sensitivity of the model to changes in neural parameters and the predicted behavioral results of simulated neural system lesions are examined. The deficit gait simulations may be useful to support the functional and anatomical correspondences of the model. The model demonstrates that basic human-like walking can be achieved by a hierarchical structure of stabilized-long loop feedback and synergy-mediated feedforward controls. In particular, internal models of body dynamics are not required.
Purification and characterization of the enzymes of bile acid conjugation from fish liver.

Abstract 1. 1. The two steps in bile acid conjugation have been studied in subcellular fractions of liver from three species of fish; vermillion rockfish, canary rockfish and ling codfish. 2. 2. The bile acid: coenzyme A (CoA) ligase activity in homogenates and isolated microsomes is undetectable due to indeterminate factors. 3. 3. A purification scheme is presented which eliminates the interfering factors. The purified ligase was found to have a lower affinity for bile acids as compared to the mammalian form and to be present in much lower titer. 4. 4. Since it appears to be the rate controlling enzyme in all species, it is expected that the rate of bile acid conjugation is much slower than in non-mammalian liver as compared to mammalian liver. 5. 5. The bile acid-CoA: taurin N- acyltransferase was found to exist as a dimer of molecular weight 100,000, in contrast to the monomeric mammalian forms. 6. 6. The only major kinetic difference is that the fish liver forms have rates of glycine conjugation which are only 1–2% of the rate with taurine, in part due to a very high K m for glycine.
Application of Airborne Passive Microwave Observations for Monitoring Inland Flooding Caused by Tropical Cyclones

Abstract Inland flooding from tropical cyclones is a significant factor in storm-related deaths in the United States and other countries, with the majority of tropical cyclone fatalities recorded in the United States resulting from freshwater flooding. Information collected during National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) tropical cyclone field experiments suggests that surface water and flooding can be detected and therefore monitored at a greater spatial resolution by using passive microwave airborne radiometers than by using satellite sensors. The 10.7-GHz frequency of the NASA Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) has demonstrated high-resolution detection of anomalous surface water and flooding in numerous situations. In this study, an analysis of three cases is conducted utilizing satellite and airborne radiometer data. Data from the 1998 Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3) are utilized to detect surface water during the landfalling Hurricane Georges in both th...
Transcriptional Activation of APETALA1 by LEAFY

Plants produce new appendages reiteratively from groups of stem cells called shoot apical meristems. LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) are pivotal for the switch to the reproductive phase, where instead of leaves the shoot apical meristem produces flowers. Use of steroid-inducible activation of LFY demonstrated that early expression of AP1 is a result of transcriptional induction by LFY. This AP1 induction is independent of protein synthesis and occurs specifically in the tissues and at the developmental stage in which floral fate is assumed. Later expression of AP1 appears to be only indirectly affected by LFY.
Dramatic performance improvement of weak anion-exchange membranes for chromatographic bioseparations

This contribution describes a two-step surface modification method to prepare high-capacity anion-exchange membranes for chromatographic bioseparations. In the first step, commercially available regenerated cellulose membranes were functionalized with initiator. In the second step, initiator-functionalized membranes were modified by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Initiator grafting density and molecular weight of poly(DMAEMA) chains were varied independently to yield surface-modified, macroporous, weak anion-exchange membranes with exceptionally high protein binding capacities (dynamic capacities up to 130 mg/mL for bovine serum albumin) at high linear flow velocities (>350 cm/h) and low transmembrane pressure drop ( 35 mg/mL) even at 100 mM ionic strength. Separation performance of the newly designed membranes was evaluated by fractionating a mixture of bovine serum albumin and hemoglobin. The purities of recovered proteins were high (>97%), and the recoveries also were high (>98%).