cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WHOSE MARITAL ADJUSTMENT-HERS, HIS, OR THEIRS?

Some researchers report marital adjustment scores for unrelated husbands and wives; studies of pairs typically report scores correlate about .GO. What can be said of adjustment in the marriage? This exploratory research was undertaken to determine how relationships between communication and marical adjustment might vary when individual scores and various types of group scores were utilized. Self-reports were obtained from 44 married pairs (88 individuals) by interval sampling in a midwestern village, using the Bienvenu Communication Scale (1970), the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale (1959), ad the Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale (1964). Bienvenu validated by comparing responses of 23 couples receiving marriage counseling and 23 couples not having difficulties; Locke and Wallace by a comparison of 48 subjects known to be maladjusted in their marriages and 48 judged to be exceptionally well adjusted by friends who knew them well. Presenr alpha reliability coefficients for these scales were .81, .91, and .82, respectively. Here the mean marital adjustment score for wives was 115.8 (SD, 54.5), for husbands 115.1 (SD, 33.6) for a theoretical range of 2 to 153. This compares to means of 71.7 for"ma1adjusted" and 135.9 for "adjusted" couples in the Lde-Wallace study (1959). The mean communication score for wives was 213.1 (SD, 167.0). for husbands 203.8 (SD, 125.4) of a possible range of 19 to 304. Mean social desirability score for wives was 174.5 (SD, 80.2), for husbands 164.9 (SD, 33.9) of a possible range of 19 to 320. In addition to the traditional use of individual scores, we constructed three group scores: a minimum marital adjustment score (husband's or wife's, whichever was lower), a maximum (the higher of the two) and a mean. Correlations between marital adjustment and communication were: .73 for individual; .73 for minimum; .71 for maximum and .76 for mean. Social desirability correlated moderately (7, .31) with four marital adjustment factors. Controlling for social desirability reduced' the correlations to .70, .71, .67, and .73. Thus, the issue of whether one uses an individual's or a couple's score need not overly concern scientists, in spite of the very plausible theoretical questions
Diagnosis of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps with image-enhanced endoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and study aims: Distinguishing sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) from non-neoplastic tissue may be challenging when white-light endoscopy (WLE) is used. Image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) has shown accuracy in differentiating adenomas from hyperplastic polyps. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the utility of IEE in diagnosis of SSA/Ps. Methods: Studies were eligible if: they included patients undergoing colonoscopy with an endoscopy-based image-enhancement modality; endoscopic diagnoses, including SSA/P, were based on the appearance of polyps at IEE; and the corresponding histologic diagnoses of polyps were provided. The primary outcome was sensitivity of IEE for SSA/Ps differentiated from non-neoplastic lesions (primary convention) and differentiated from all non-SSA/P lesions, including adenomas (secondary convention). Results: 13 studies met inclusion criteria. Sensitivity ranged from 38 % to 100 % but sensitivity ≥ 90 % was seen in 4 of 10 narrow band imaging (NBI) or magnification-NBI studies. Pooled sensitivities for discriminating SSA/Ps from non-neoplastic lesions were 80 % for magnification-NBI, 60 % for NBI, 49 % for autofluorescence, and 47 % for flexible spectral imaging color enhancement. In head-to-head comparisons with WLE, NBI (89 % vs. 75 %) and magnification-NBI (78 % vs. 63 %) demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity, while autofluorescence imaging (56 % vs. 66 %), flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (100 % vs. 100 %), and high-resolution endomicroscopy (88 % vs. 100 %) did not. Conclusion: IEE currently cannot be recommended as a diagnostic tool for SSA/P. While NBI studies showed promise, more IEE studies employing validated SSA/P criteria in well-defined polyp populations are needed. IEE studies assessing SSA/P detection rates at colonoscopy are also needed.
Problems in the Interpretation of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Studies: Disruption of Sleep by Occult Sleep Disorders

AbstractA review of the sleep of 31 patients 45 years old or older undergoing nocturnal penile tumescence studies showed that 19 had a previously undiagnosed sleep disorder. Of the patients 9 had periodic leg movements in sleep, 9 had sleep apnea and 1 had both disorders. In 10 of these patients the sleep disorders affected nocturnal penile tumescence by disrupting sleep and causing brief periods of detumescence, movement artifacts and delays in the tumescing phase of nocturnal penile tumescence. These disruptions resulted in an apparently abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence that appeared as if the patient had difficulty in achieving or maintaining an erection. The nocturnal penile tumescence disruptions may have reflected only a disruption of the necessary conditions for normal nocturnal penile tumescence to occur, namely adequate sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. The results strongly suggest that failure to measure concurrent sleep parameters and screen for occult sleep disorders could result in the ...
The Effect of Temperature, Solids Content and pH on the Survival of Salmonellas in Cattle Slurry

SUMMARY The survival of salmonellas in cattle slurry is influenced by the number of organisms originally introduced, the temperature of storage, the solids content of the slurry and the strain of Salmonella involved. Survival is longest in slurries with a solids content of 5% or more and at temperatures below 10°C. There is apparently a relationship between the decline in pH of slurry which occurs during storage and survival of salmonellas. This does not appear to be a direct relationship with pH but may be a reflection of the toxicity of acid compounds produced during storage. Storage of slurry for at least one month prior to spreading on land significantly reduces the level of salmonellas contained in the slurry.
Methodology for using active infrared spectroscopy in standoff detection of trace explosives

This manuscript describes a mobile stand-off detection and identification of trace amounts of hazardous materials, specifically explosives. The technique utilizes an array of tunable infrared quantum cascade lasers as an illumination source which spans wavelengths from 6 to 11 μm, operated at eye-safe power levels. This spectral range enables excitation of a wide variety of absorption bands present in analytes of interest. The laser is modulated to produce a 50% duty cycle, square wave pulses, and control the frequency of irradiation. The backscatter and photo-thermal signals from samples are measured via an IR focal plane array, which allows for the observation of spatial, temporal, and thermal surface processes. A discussion of how these signals are collected and processed for use in identification of hazardous materials is presented.
Research Information Management: How the Library Can Contribute to the Campus Conversation

ABSTRACTThis article describes a project undertaken as part of a cross-campus strategic planning effort. The project documented current campus practices and systems in use for collecting, analyzing and reporting key research metrics. The project identified organizational issues around siloed data collection and lack of clarity on data stewards, data stakeholders, and data reporting schedules. The work highlighted to University Administration the need and importance of effective research information management (RIM) and the key role that the University Libraries can play in this area.
Cancer therapy: Neutrophils traffic in cancer nanodrugs

Neutrophils loaded with cationic liposomal paclitaxel migrate across the blood/brain barrier to deliver chemotherapeutic nanoparticles in the inflamed post-surgical tumour margin.
I drum, I sing, I dance: An ethnographic study of a West African drum and dance ensemble:

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to investigate the Montclair State University’s West African drum and dance ensemble. Analyses of the data revealed three themes related to individual par...
The utility of adaptive eLearning in cervical cytopathology education.

BACKGROUND Adaptive eLearning allows students to experience a self-paced, individualized curriculum based on prior knowledge and learning ability. METHODS The authors investigated the effectiveness of adaptive online modules in teaching cervical cytopathology. eLearning modules were created that covered basic concepts in cervical cytopathology, including artifacts and infections, squamous lesions (SL), and glandular lesions (GL). The modules used student responses to individualize the educational curriculum and provide real-time feedback. Pathology trainees and faculty from the authors' institution were randomized into 2 groups (SL or GL), and identical pre-tests and post-tests were used to compare the efficacy of eLearning modules versus traditional study methods (textbooks and slide sets). User experience was assessed with a Likert scale and free-text responses. RESULTS Sixteen of 17 participants completed the SL module, and 19 of 19 completed the GL module. Participants in both groups had improved post-test scores for content in the adaptive eLearning module. Users indicated that the module was effective in presenting content and concepts (Likert scale [from 1 to 5], 4.3 of 5.0), was an efficient and convenient way to review the material (Likert scale, 4.4 of 5.0), and was more engaging than lectures and texts (Likert scale, 4.6 of 5.0). Users favored the immediate feedback and interactivity of the module. Limitations included the inability to review prior content and slow upload time for images. Learners demonstrated improvement in their knowledge after the use of adaptive eLearning modules compared with traditional methods. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the modules were viewed positively by participants. Adaptive eLearning modules can provide an engaging and effective adjunct to traditional teaching methods in cervical cytopathology. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
An intelligent care support system for the elderly with an autonomous robot in ambient sensors

Along with the rapid increase of aging population, shortages of caregivers have become one of the most serious issuesin Japan. To support caregivers, the introduction of information and communication technology to the care fields is progressing. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent care support system involving an indoor positioning method for an autonomous robot which watches over the elderly without a surveillance camera. After explaining an overview of the monitoring system with a robot and sensors, the paper describes an indoor positioning method using RFID tags with pressure sensing and employing a machine learning algorithm.
A practical method of chronic ethanol administration in mice

Mice provide a useful model for the study of immune deficiency caused by chronic alcohol abuse. Their suitability is related to several factors, including in particular the extensive knowledge base in the immunology of mice already existing in the literature. Specific modeling of the immunodeficiency of the chronic human alcoholic requires that ethanol must be administered to the model for a significant portion of its life span. In mice, it has proven to be necessary to administer ethanol daily for up to 32 wk or longer to observe all the immune abnormalities that occur in middle-aged alcoholic humans. Such time spans are problematic with many of the common protocols for ethanol administration. It has been shown by others and confirmed by our group that the most practical way of accomplishing such long protocols is by administering ethanol in water as the only choice of water. Details of management of the chronic ethanol mouse colony are described here that are necessary for the success of such studies, including methods for initiating ethanol administration, maintenance of barrier protection, monitoring weight gain, strain differences and fetal alcohol exposure.
Test Wrapper and TAM Co-Optimization

Test access mechanisms (TAMs) and test wrappers are integral parts of a system-on-chip (SOC) test architecture. Prior research has concentrated on only one aspect of the TAM/wrapper design problem at a time, i.e., either optimizing the TAMs for a set of pre-designed wrappers, or optimizing the wrapper for a given TAM width. In this chapter1, we address a more general problem of carrying out TAM design and wrapper optimization in conjunction. We present an efficient algorithm to construct wrappers that reduce the testing time for cores. Our wrapper design algorithm improves on earlier approaches by also reducing the TAM width required to achieve these lower testing times. We present new mathematical models for TAM optimization that use the core testing time values calculated by our wrapper design algorithm. We further present a new enumerative method for TAM optimization that reduces execution time significantly when the number of TAMs being designed is small. Experimental results are presented for an academic SOC as well as an industrial SOC.
Visualizing Africa’s Educational Gender Gap:

This figure depicts the gendered patterns of educational expansion across Africa. The horizontal axis displays educational access, and vertical lines represent educational gender gaps for 267 count...
A soil bacterium can shape belowground interactions between maize, herbivores and entomopathogenic nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) use odor cues to locate and infect their insect hosts in the soil, making them an important tool in sustainable management of agricultural insect pests. However, very little information is available on the role of soil bacteria in mediating belowground interactions between plants, herbivores and the EPN. In this study, a maize-herbivore-entomopathogenic nematode complex was used to investigate the effect of plant root colonization by a soil bacterium on belowground tritrophic interactions. The impact of maize root colonization by Bacillus pumilus strain INR-7 on the preference of the EPN, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was tested in four arm olfactometer bioassays in the presence or absence of the root herbivore Diabrotica virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Plant volatiles were collected for profile characterization. Further preference assays were performed using plant volatile extracts and synthetic volatiles. In the absence of the root herbivore, the nematodes were attracted to maize roots whose seeds were coated with dead and living bacteria. In the presence of the herbivore, the nematodes selectively oriented towards infested plants whose seeds were treated with B. pumilus strain INR-7 than dead bacteria treated, untreated plants or sunshine sand mix. In contrast, plant volatile extracts or pure compounds did not reproduce the observed behavior. The study showed that bacterial coating of maize seeds with the tested strain may play an important role in shaping belowground tritrophic interactions through mechanisms that would require further investigations. The potential of B. pumilus strain INR-7 integration in maize rootworm management program is discussed.
Towards an ISO Standard for Statistical Tolerancing

Although statistical tolerancing has been practiced in industry for a long time, standards have paid only limited attention to it. This is changing now because of economic reasons, and ISO is investigating how to standardize statistical tolerancing. In this paper we trace the history and document the current state of the knowledge in standardizing statistical tolerancing. Our objective is to disseminate this information as widely as possible so that the international community is aware of, and has an opportunity to influence, the thinking behind the future ISO standard.
The Role of Health Extension in Practice Transformation and Community Health Improvement: Lessons From 5 Case Studies

Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act triggered 2 successive grant initiatives from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, allowing for the evolution of health extension models among 20 states, not limited to support for in-clinic primary care practice transformation, but also including a broader concept incorporating technical assistance for practices and their communities to address social determinants of health. Five states stand out in stretching the boundaries of health extension: New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Colorado, and Washington. Their stories reveal lessons learned regarding the successes and challenges, including the importance of building sustained relationships with practices and community coalitions; of documenting success in broad terms as well as achieving diverse outcomes of meaning to different stakeholders; of understanding that health extension is a function that can be carried out by an individual or group depending on resources; and of being prepared for political struggles over "turf" and ownership of extension. All states saw the need for long-term, sustained fundraising beyond grants in an environment expecting a short-term return on investment, and they were challenged operating in a shifting health system landscape where the creativity and personal relationships built with small primary care practices was hindered when these practices were purchased by larger health delivery systems.
Chip-Scale MEMS-CMOS Multispectral Infrared Chemical Sensor

This paper reports on an ultra-miniaturized multispectral infrared (IR) chemical sensor based on an array of plasmonically-enhanced MEMS resonant IR detectors and a single multiplexed CMOS IC readout. The unique combination of such a piezoelectric-plasmonic MEMS sensing technology with a low-power CMOS read-out circuitry results in a frequency-domain IR spectrometer microsystem characterized by an ultra-miniaturized footprint (total chip area of $\approx 1.53\mathrm{mm}^{2}$ ), low power consumption $(\approx 1.07\mathrm{mW})$ , and fast response ( $ per spectral scan). Thanks to the excellent IR detection capability (noise equivalent power, NEP $\approx 402\ \mathrm{pW}/\mathrm{Hz}^{1/2}$ and thermal time constant, $\tau\sim 7.3\ \mathrm{ms}$ ) and the plasmonic-enabled high spectral resolution $(\lambda_{0}=3\sim 6\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ , full-width-at-half-maximum, $FWHM ), the CMOS-MEMS spectrometer prototype can discriminate between acetone and hexane via transmission spectroscopy. These results prove a great potential for the development of fast, accurate, and ultra-miniaturized IR spectrometer microsystems suitable for mobile IR characteristic measurements.
Race/Ethnic Variations in Predictors of Health Consciousness Within the Cancer Prevention Context.

Purpose:Although the literature establishes a link between health consciousness (HC) and prevention behavior, less explored are the individual, social, and health characteristics that are associate...
Nonlinear Reduced Order Source Identification under Uncertainty

We propose a tractable stochastic model-based approach for identification of chemical sources that relies on the Advection-Diffusion (AD) PDE to model the transport phenomenon and utilizes Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to obtain the posterior distribution of the source parameters considering uncertainty in the parameters of the PDE and the sensor data. To make the algorithm tractable, we model the sources using nonlinear basis functions and utilize a model reduction method to obtain closed-form approximate solutions for the AD-PDE. The former idea drastically reduces the dimension of the sampling space while the latter facilitates the evaluation of the likelihood function. We present extensive numerical experiments that demonstrate that our algorithm can estimate the desired source parameters and provide uncertainty bounds for them.
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations among new confirmed HIV-1-infected patient in Beijing during 2006

Objective To study the drug resistance mutations of reverse transcriptase and protease among HIV-1 strains of new confirmed HIV-1-infected patients in Beijing,provide the base-line data for clinical antiviral treatment in Beijing.Methods We amplified partial pol fiequences by RT-PCR and nestPCR.then sequenced the gene segment and phylogenetically analyzed.Drug-resistance associated mutations in protease and reverse transcriptase regions were analyzed with Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results Totat of 34 pol gene sequences were obtained from 50 HIV-1-infected patients.Analysis of drug-resistance associated mutation showed that 15 of 34 persons infected with drug-resistant HIV-1,among which major mutations in PR and RT regions were 1 and 14 of 34 persons respectively.The frequencies of major mutation in PR region were M46L(100%)and the NRTI(nucleoside reverse ranscriptase inhibitor) and NNRTI(non-nucleoside reverse ranscriptase inhibitor)resistance mutations in RT region were V118I (42.9%),M184V(7.1%),A62V(7.1%),K70T(7.1%),K65R(7.1%),K219N(7.1%),T69d (7.1%),V75LV(7.1%),K219R(7.1%)and V106I(35.5%),Y181C(15.4%),K103KR(7.7%),K103R(7.7%),L100LV(7.7%),V1081(7.7%),V179D(7.7%),V179DV(7.7%),respectively.Conclusion There were drug resistance mutations in some new confirmed HIV-1-infected patient in this study.the surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations should be paid more attention. Key words: HIV-1; Drug resistance; Prutease; Reverse transcriptase
Genome-wide Genotyping of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Type 1 Individuals to Identify Genetic Modifiers of Disease Severity

Familial cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 (CCM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the Krev Interaction Trapped 1 (KRIT1/CCM1) gene, and characterized by brain lesions that can cause hemorrhagic strokes, seizures, and neurological deficits. Carriers of the same genetic mutation can present with variable symptoms and severity of disease, suggesting the influence of modifier factors. Genetic modifiers of CCM1 disease severity have been recently identified and included common genetic variants in inflammatory, immune response, and oxidative stress genes and pathways. Here, we describe the genotyping of CCM1 patients with the same gene mutation (Q455X) using a high-throughput genotyping array optimized for individuals of Hispanic/Latino ancestry. We then review the quality control steps following the genome-wide genotyping. Genome-wide genotyping of larger cohorts of CCM1 patients might reveal additional genetic variants contributing to the disease severity of CCM1.
Application of Q-Analysis to the GLOBAL Databank: A Geological Comparison of the U.S.S.R. and the U.S.A.

ABSTRACT The geology of regions of the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. are characterized in terms of the presence and absence of 65 standardized rock types obtained from point-counts of geologic maps. Regions are compared and geological similarity estimated in terms of the number of shared rock types using Atkin's Q-analysis. Assuming that a region's geology and mineral resource endowment are related through their common geotectonic evolution, comparison of geologically similar regions may provide guidelines relevant to exploration for undiscovered mineral resources. The point-counts residing in the GLOBAL databank constitute an inventory of the rock types present at the Earth's surface, providing data necessary for comprehensive examination of distributions and associations of rock types on a global scale. In this paper we demonstrate an application of the GLOBAL databank in a geological comparison of regions of the U.S.S.R. and U.S.A. Tables and maps are presented showing U.S.S.R. regions in terms of their geological diversities and in terms of their geological similarities with states of the U.S.A.
Underrepresented racial minorities in biomedical informatics doctoral programs: graduation trends and academic placement (2002-2017).

OBJECTIVE Biomedical informatics attracts few underrepresented racial minorities (URMs) into PhD programs. We examine graduation trends from 2002 to 2017 to determine how URM representation has changed over time. We also examine academic job placements by race and identify individual and institutional characteristics associated with URM graduates being successfully placed in academic jobs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyze a near census of all research doctoral graduates from US-accredited institutions, surveyed at graduation by the National Science Foundation Survey of Earned Doctorates. Graduates of biomedical informatics-related programs were identified using self-reported primary and secondary disciplines. Data are analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTS During the study period, 2426 individuals earned doctoral degrees in biomedical informatics-related disciplines. URM students comprised nearly 12% of graduates, and this proportion did not change over time (2002-2017). URMs included Hispanic (5.7%), Black (3.2%), and others, including multi-racial and indigenous American populations (2.8%). Overall, 82.3% of all graduates accepted academic positions at the time of graduation with significantly more Hispanic graduates electing to go into academia (89.2%; P < .001). URM graduates were more likely to be single (OR = 1.38; P < .05), have a dependent (1.95; P < .01), and not receive full tuition remission (OR = 1.37; P = .05) as a student. URM graduates accepting an academic position were less likely to be a graduate of a private institution (OR = 0.70; P < .05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The proportion of URM candidates among biomedical informatics doctoral graduates has not increased over time and remains low. In order to improve URM recruitment and retention within academia, leaders in biomedical informatics should replicate strategies used to improve URM graduation rates in other fields.
The Lived Experience of Managerialization: Understanding Values Conflict in Non-profits through a Pragmatic Institutionalism

Non‐profit organizations are increasingly adopting business practices, an institutional phenomenon called managerialization. Sometimes those business practices cause conflict with, or drift from, the non‐profit’s mission. We investigate the micro‐foundations of this phenomenon by focusing attention on the lived experiences of organization members and advancing a pragmatic institutionalism. Empirically, we explore how managerialization is experienced in a contemporary non‐profit, the Promenade Conservancy. We find that staff primarily experience managerialization through the interplay of a shared set of values. Consistent with existing research, we find conflict between the social and business values of the organization, which we refer to as inter‐domain conflict. Surprisingly, however, staff experienced more salient intra‐domain conflict among values associated with the social mission, which complicates traditional macro theories of intuitional conflict. Our pragmatic approach to institutions reveals the importance of shared values in people’s inhabited institutional experiences. We suggest that a pragmatic institutionalism provides a necessary lens to explore questions of moral agency in institutional research and increases its practical relevance.
Diagnosis and clinical management of auricular chondritis in a dog presenting for evaluation of severe pain

Background The aetiology and appropriate treatment for auricular chondritis in the dog are currently unclear. This report describes a unique presentation and successful treatment of a dog with auricular chondritis. Clinical summary A 12-year-old, female spayed, Labrador retriever dog was presented for severe pain thought to be neurological in origin. The pain was located to the right pinna and two punch biopsies were acquired and evaluated, revealing lymphoplasmacytic to pyogranulomatous inflammation involving the auricular cartilage with no infectious agents. Treatment with systemic oral prednisone resulted in resolution of clinical signs within four weeks of initiation of treatment. The dog remained free of clinical signs for six months following discontinuation of treatment before being euthanized for an unrelated reason. Conclusions Further evaluation of canine auricular chondritis is needed, yet pain may be a prominent finding; monotherapy with systemic prednisone may provide quick and complete resolution of clinical sysmptoms.
“Serine and One-Carbon Metabolism in Breast Cancer Metastasis”–Letter

Metastasis represents the main route of cancer progression and is responsible for approximately 90% of all cancer-related deaths ([1][1]). Metastatic disease is generally considered incurable, emphasizing the need for novel biologically targeted pharmaceutical therapies. In this issue, Li and
Could the American Psychiatric Association Cause You Headaches? The Dangersous Interaction between the DSM-5 and Employment Law

INTRODUCTION Since its first publication in 1952, the American Psychiatric Association’s (“APA” or the “Association”) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (“DSM” or the “Manual”)1 has long served as the primary reference for mental health disorders not only for medical practitioners, but also for state and federal courts and government agencies like the Social Security Administration and Veterans Administration. In 1994, the APA published the fourth edition of the DSM, or DSM-IV, with only minor “text revisions” in 2000. In May 2013, for the first time in nearly twenty years, the APA plans to publish an entirely new edition.2 As proposed, the DSM-5 (the Association plans to abandon using Roman numerals)3 would significantly expand a number of existing psychological disorders and add several new ones. The DSM-IV, like previous editions of the DSM, has long served as a primary authority for the legal community. The new Manual is still somewhat of an unknown, both in terms of content
Reinvestigation of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the moth trichoplusia ni reveals novel quantitative control mechanisms.

Abstract Many species of moths have a common control mechanism for synthesizing sex pheromone: the circadian release of pheromone biosynthesis-activation neuropeptide (PBAN) that switches pheromone synthesis on/off during the day. One apparent exception to this is the noctuid moth Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), in which pheromone synthesis appears continuous through the photoperiod, with circadian release of PBAN controlling emission rate of pheromone during calling. Sex pheromone biosynthesis was reinvestigated in T. ni using stable isotope tracer-tracee and gland sampling techniques to ascertain how pheromone quantities in gland cells and on the gland cuticular surface varied and were controlled. It was found that (i) carbohydrate from adult female feeding is used to synthesize sex pheromone, (ii) most of the stored acetate ester pheromone component(s) is contained in gland cells, (iii) a large pool of pheromone is synthesized and stored through the photoperiod with a slow turnover rate, (iv) although pheromone is synthesized throughout the photoperiod, its rate can vary, influenced by release of PBAN and possibly by an unidentified head factor, with both affecting carbohydrate uptake into the acetyl CoA pheromone precursor pool, and (v) as suggested previously, PBAN also influences translocation of pheromone out of the cell to the cuticular surface, possibly by causing breakdown of intracellular lipid droplets storing pheromone molecules. This work suggests that the quantitative synthesis and emission of pheromone in T. ni, and possibly other moths, is regulated by multiple complementary biochemical mechanisms.
CEO Pensions: Disclosure, Managerial Power, and Optimal Contracting

CEOs often receive pensions that provide life annuities of up to 60% of their final salary plus bonus. I investigate the extent to which pensions are managerial rent extraction and/or the result of optimal contracting between CEOs and boards of directors. Specifically, I examine whether CEOs exploit limited disclosure requirements to hide and/or camouflage excess pension benefits and whether pensions are associated with CEO power and/or contracting determinants. Overall, my results provide some support for both the managerial power and optimal contracting views of pensions. Economic contracting variables, however, appear to explain pension benefit levels to a greater extent than measures of CEO power. This suggests that although pensions can be used to extract rents, this practice appears to be limited. In addition, my results suggest that pension-based rent extraction can be detected using public disclosures, implying that recent SEC changes in pension disclosure requirements are likely to have little effect on investors' ability to value pensions.
ICE THICKNESS, ABLATION, AND OTHER GLACIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS ON UPPER FREMONT GLACIER, WYOMING

Glaciological investigations of the Upper Fremont Glacier in the Wind River Range of Wyoming were conducted during 1990–1991. The glaciological data will provide baseline information for monitoring future changes to the glacier and support ongoing research utilizing glacial-ice-core composition to reconstruct paleoenvironmental records. Ice thickness, determined by radio-echo sounding, ranged from 60 to 172 m in the upper half of the glacier. Radio-echo sounding of ice thickness at one point was confirmed by drilling 159.7 m to bedrock. The difference between radio-echo sounding depth and measured drilling depth was about 4 m. Annual ablation (including snow, firn, and ice) measured for the 1990–1991 period averaged about 0.93 m/a. Densification proceeds rapidly on Upper Fremont Glacier. Measured densities in the near-surface parts of the glacier ranged from 4.4 x 105 g/m3 at the surface to larger than 8.5 x 105 g/m3 at depths exceeding 14 m. Surface ice velocity and direction were monitored from July 199...
Intellectual Scaffolding: On Peter Dahlgren's Theorization of Television and the Public Sphere

In this working paper, the author's goal is to revisit Habermasian public sphere theory by first discussing its strengths and weaknesses in the context of today’s (western European) television landscape. The author then moved on to exploring one reconceptualization of television as a public sphere, that of the Swedish scholar Peter Dahlgren (1995 & 2005). Finally, the author elaborated and further developed those key aspects of Dahlgren’s model that was consider particularly relevant for rethinking the public sphere of today.
Personality Structure Among Centenarians: The Georgia Centenarian Study.

Background/Study Context: We demonstrate that observer-rated factor structure of personality in centenarians is congruent with the normative structure. Prevalence of cognitive impairment, which has previously been linked to changes in personality in younger samples, is high in this age group, requiring observer ratings to obtain valid data in a population-based context. Likewise, the broad range of cognitive functioning necessitates synthesis of results across multiple measures of cognitive performance.Methods and Results: Data from 161 participants in the Georgia Centenarian Study (GCS; MAge = 100.3 years, 84% women, 20% African American, 40% community-dwelling, 30% low cognitive functioning) support strong overall correspondence with reference structure (full sample: .94; higher cognitive functioning: .94; lower cognitive functioning: .90). Centenarians with lower cognitive functioning are higher on neuroticism and lower on openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Facet-level differ...
Cardiac and coronary arterial involvement in infants and children from New England with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). Angiocardiographic-echocardiographic correlations

Forty-four patients, aged 6 months to 11 years, meeting the clinical criteria for mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) were studied from March 1980 to March 1981. A protocol was designed for evaluation of cardiac involvement including electrocardiogram, chest X-ray film, cardiac enzyme determinations and M mode and two dimensional echocardiograms. Aspirin was given during the acute febrile period as an anti-inflammatory agent in a dosage of 100 mg/kg per day; followed by 30 mg/kg per day for 10 weeks or longer if platelet counts were elevated. Angiocardiography was performed in 38 patients. Twenty-one patients (48 percent) showed abnormal M mode echocardiographic findings (flat or greatly decreased ventricular septal motion, pericardial effusion or decreased left ventricular function) during the acute febrile stage. Coronary artery disease developed in seven patients, all of whom had abnormal M mode echocardiographic abnormalities in the acute stage. Five patients had coronary aneurysms and two patients had dilated coronary arteries. Two dimensional echocardiograms identified coronary arterial lesions accurately if present proximally but failed to detect aneurysms beyond 1.5 cm from the aortic root. The study shows that serial M mode and two dimensional echocardiograms provide sufficient information to rule out cardiac involvement in Kawasaki disease. Echocardiograms should be obtained every 3 to 4 days during the acute febrile stage because all patients with coronary artery disease detected with angiography had abnormal echocardiographic findings during that period.
Lifetime of Bacterial Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

Moses, V. (University of California, Berkeley), and M. Calvin. Lifetime of bacterial messenger ribonucleic acid. J. Bacteriol. 90:1205–1217. 1965.—When cells from a stationary culture of Escherichia coli were placed in fresh medium containing inducer for β-galactosidase, growth, as represented by increase in turbidity and by total protein synthesis, started within 30 sec. By contrast, β-galactosidase synthesis was greatly delayed compared with induction during exponential growth. Two other inducible enzymes (d-serine deaminase and l-tryptophanase) and one repressible enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) showed similar lags. The lags were not due to catabolite repression. They could not be reduced by pretreatment of the culture with inducer, or by supplementing the fresh medium with amino acids or nucleotides. The lag was also demonstrated by an i− mutant constitutive for β-galactosidase synthesis. An inhibitor of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, 6-azauracil, preferentially inhibited β-galactosidase synthesis compared with growth in both inducible and constitutive strains. Puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, acted as an inhibitor at additional sites during the induction of β-galactosidase synthesis. No inhibition of the reactions proceeding during the first 20 sec of induction was observed, but puromycin seemed to prevent the accumulation of messenger RNA during the period between 20 sec and the first appearance of enzyme activity after 3 min. It is suggested that these observations, together with many reports in the literature that inducible enzyme synthesis is more sensitive than total growth to some inhibitors and adverse growth conditions, can be explained by supposing that messenger RNA for normally inducible enzymes is biologically more labile than that for some normally constitutive proteins. The possible implications of this hypothesis for the achievement of cell differentiation by genetic regulation of enzyme synthesis are briefly discussed.
RNA Interference (RNAi) and MicroRNAs

In 1990, an experiment designed to alter floral pigmentation in Petunia sowed the seeds of what has since become a major new field of biology. Efforts to understand the mechanisms that underlie double-stranded RNA-induced (dsRNA) gene silencing are now bearing fruit of many varieties. It is clear that a conserved biological response to dsRNA, known variously as RNA interference (RNAi) or posttranscriptional gene silencing, mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, such as transposons and RNA viruses, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes. In addition, RNAi has been cultivated as a means to experimentally manipulate gene expression. In the near future, the use of RNAi to probe gene function at a whole-genome scale is likely to yield a rich harvest, not only providing insights into basic biological processes but also the tools to identify more rapidly therapeutic targets for numerous human diseases. Keywords: gene silencing; chromatin; RNAi; development; virus resistance; genomics
Hitting First: Preventive Force in U.S. Security Strategy, William W. Keller and Gordon R. Mitchell, eds

Two eighteenth-century revolutions, the American and the French, changed forever the ways in which leaders justified wars. Although the germ of the idea was present in the American Revolution, the ...
Oil Wealth and the Poverty of Politics: Algeria Compared

Preface Part I. Introduction: 1. Oil shocks and the challenge to states 2. Natural resources and political instability Part II. Algeria and its Discontents: 3. From conquest to independence 4. The elaboration of a system 5. From boom to bust, and ... verging on breakdown 6. The persistence of violence and the process of re-equilibration Part III. Comparisons and Conclusions: 7. Variations on a theme: comparators in the Muslim world 8. Oil wealth and the poverty of politics Bibliography.
Discriminants in the invariant theory of reflection groups

Let V be a complex vector space of dimension l and let G ⊂ GL(V ) be a finite reflection group. Let S be the C -algebra of polynomial functions on V with its usual G -module structure ( gf)(v ) = f{g -1 v ). Let R be the subalgebra of G -invariant polynomials. By Chevalley’s theorem there exists a set ℬ = { f 1 , …, f l } of homogeneous polynomials such that R = C[f 1 , …, f l ]. We call ℬ a set of basic invariants or a basic set for G . The degrees d i = deg f i are uniquely determined by G . We agree to number them so that d 1 ≤ … ≤ d i . The map τ : V/G → C 1 defined by is a bijection. Each reflection in G fixes some hyperplane in V .
Molecular mechanics (MM3) calculations on conjugated hydrocarbons

The MM3 molecular mechanics program has been extended to conjugated systems. A VESCF method is applied to the pi-system to calculate bond orders, from which various stretching and torsional parameters are obtained. The procedure gives somewhat better results than the analogous MM2 calculations. It has been applied to a study of 81 compounds of aromatic and other conjugated hydrocarbons, as well as 45 alkenes and unconjugated polyenes. The structures calculated are generally in good agreement with experiment, and the heats of formation of these compounds can be calculated with a rms value of 0.62 kcal/mol, which may be compared with the average experimental error of 0.61 kcal/mol. In addition, vibrational frequencies for five representative conjugated model structures are calculated, with an rms value of 46 cm−1, and from these, other properties such as entropy can be calculated.
Trans‐Lanthanide Extraction Studies in the TALSPEAK System: Investigating the Effect of Acidity and Temperature

A recent review of the TALSPEAK (Trivalent Actinide ‐ Lanthanide Separation by Phosphorous reagent Extraction from Aqueous Komplexes) process summarized previous research characterizing the performance of this system. Attempts were made in that report to develop correlations between the previous separations data and the thermodynamic data that describes the interactions among the components of the separation system. However, the diversity of observations and the breadth of conditions employed in the many studies from the literature make comparisons between the TALSPEAK system performance and existing thermodynamic data challenging. To better test the adequacy of the available thermodynamic database for modeling this system, an internally consistent set of observations of lanthanide extraction under TALSPEAK conditions is offered in this report. The extraction of the lanthanides from La through Lu (excluding Pm) plus Y, and that of Am3+ from buffered lactic acid solutions containing diethylenetriamine‐N,N,...
Vocational role choice in second- and sixth-grade children

In a replication of two investigations reported by Looft (1971a, 1971b), 40 second- and sixth-grade male and female students were interviewed concerning their desired and expected vocational aspirations. In contrast to Looft's findings, no significant sex differences were found for either grade level in (a) the number of different (nonoverlapping) vocations nominated or (b) the number of subjects changing initial vocational role choices. When the issue of traditionality of vocational choice (i.e., vocations socially identified with the sex of the subject) was examined, it was found that half of the sixth-grade females interviewed nominated nontraditional vocations (e.g., basketball player, police officer). It was observed further that males in both the second- and sixth-grade samples overwhelmingly nominated traditional vocations. Contrary to Looft's interpretation, the findings suggest that although goals associated with the women's liberation movement (e.g., changes in sex-role expectations) are not demonstrated clearly in the vocational aspirations or expectations of young children, they may be reflected in the aspirations of adolescent females.
Cell Type Specific Changes in BMP-7 Expression Contribute to the Progression of Kidney Disease in Patients with Obstructive Uropathy

Purpose: Congenital urinary tract obstruction is a leading cause of renal maldevelopment and pediatric kidney disease. Nonetheless, few groups have examined its molecular pathogenesis in humans. We evaluated the role of BMP-7, a protein required for renal injury repair and nephrogenesis, in disease progression in patients with obstructive uropathy.Materials and Methods: Whole kidney and cell specific BMP-7 expression was examined in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction and in patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Findings were correlated with molecular markers of renal injury and clinical parameters.Results: Unilateral ureteral obstruction led to a dramatic decrease in BMP-7 expression in the proximal and distal tubules before the onset of significant loss of renal architecture and fibrosis, suggesting that this is a critical molecular event that drives early stage disease progression. Loss of BMP-7 expression then extended to the collecting ducts and glomeruli in end s...
Molecular depth profiling with cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry and wedges.

Secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy are employed to characterize a wedge-shaped crater eroded by 40 keV C60+ bombardment of a 395 nm thin film of Irganox 1010 doped with four delta layers of Irganox 3114. The wedge structure creates a laterally magnified cross section of the film. From an examination of the resulting surface, information about depth resolution, topography, and erosion rate can be obtained as a function of crater depth in a single experiment. This protocol provides a straightforward way to determine the parameters necessary to characterize molecular depth profiles and to obtain an accurate depth scale for erosion experiments.
An interesting face of the polytope of doubly stochastic matrices

We consider a face of dimension (n 2 − n)/2 of the polytope of n × n doubly stochastic matrices. We determine the minimum permanent on this face and show that the matrices in which achieve this minimum permanent form a convex polytope whose dimension is asymptotic to the dimension of Several problems and conjectures are proposed.