cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pit-Templated Synthesis and Oxygen Adsorption Properties of Gold Nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

Etch pits on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were used as templates for the formation of gold nanostructures, which were characterized using STM (scanning tunneling microscopy), AFM (atom...
Beta amyloid, tau, neuroimaging, and cognition: Sequence modeling of biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with a cascade of pathological events involving formation of amyloid-based neuritic plaques and tau-based neurofibrillary tangles, changes in brain structure and function, and eventually, cognitive impairment and functional disability. The precise sequence of when each of these disease markers becomes abnormal is not yet clearly understood. The present study systematically tested the relationship between classes of biomarkers according to a proposed model of temporal sequence by Jack et al. (Lancet Neurology 9:119–128, 2010). We examined temporal relations among four classes of biomarkers: CSF Aβ, CSF tau, neuroimaging variables (hippocampal volume, ventricular volume, FDG PET), and cognitive variables (memory and executive function). Random effects modeling of longitudinal data obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) was used to test hypotheses that putative earlier markers of AD predicted change in later markers, and that intervening markers reduced effects of earlier on later markers. Specifically, we hypothesized that CSF tau would explain CSF Aβ’s relation to neuroimaging and cognitive variables, and neuroimaging variables would explain tau’s relation to cognitive variables. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicated that CSF Aβ effects on cognition change were substantially attenuated by CSF tau and measures of brain structure and function, and CSF tau effects on cognitive change were attenuated by neuroimaging variables. Contrary to hypotheses, CSF Aβ and CSF tau were observed to have independent effects on neuroimaging and CSF tau had a direct effect on baseline cognition independent of brain structure and function. These results have implications for clarifying the temporal sequence of AD changes and corresponding biomarkers.
SOLID AND SOLUTION PHASE SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COMBINATORIAL SARCODICTYIN LIBRARIES

Isolated from certain species of soft corals, the sarcodictyins, eleutherobin, and eleuthosides have become important synthetic targets due the their novel molecular architectures, important biological activities, and potential in medicine. Of particular interest is their Taxol-like mechanism of action involving disturbance of the tubulin−microtubule interplay resulting in tumor cell death. Their scarcity and biological profile prompted us to initiate a program directed at exploring their chemical synthesis and chemical biology. Herein we report (a) the first total synthesis of sarcodictyins A (7) and B (8) by a combination of solution and solid-phase methods through the attachment of the common precursors 18 or 20 on solid support, thus generating conjugates 23 and 24, followed by standard chemical manipulations; (b) the construction of a combinatorial library of sarcodictyins by solution and solid-phase chemistry modifying the C-8 ester, C-15 ester, and C-4 ketal functionalities, and, therefore, produci...
Promising species for woody biomass production in warm-humid environments

Abstract Fifty-nine tree species were outplanted at 12 sites representatives of climatic and edaphic areas of Florida. Nearly all species were suitable for operational nursery propagation. Seedling performance of 16 species was promising on one or more sites, with survivals as high as 99% and heights up to 4·6 m in 20 months. Coppice growth of Eucalyptus amplifolia, Platanus occidentails, Sapium sebiferum, Schinus terebinthifolius and Spathodea campanulata was excellent. Species recommended for further study are E. amplifolia, E. camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, Leucaena leicocephala, Liquidambar styraciflua, P. occidentalis and S. sebiferum .
Our Cosmic Heritage of Complex Molecules

The evolution of matter in the cosmos includes the production of elements which, over time, produces carbon and other heavy elements needed to form planets and life. The overall physics of the process and the environments in stars where carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are formed are generally fairly well understood. It is carbon's particular properties of chemical bonding along with its high abundance that make it especially suited as the foundation for life. Over 120 organic molecules are found in interstellar space, and organic phases – some with slight enrichment of one “chiral-enantiomeric” form over the other – are known in meteorites. Delivery of this material to the Earth during formation of the planets was aided by the early presence of Jupiter, whose gravity ensured mixing of materially radially throughout the solar system. In the outer solar system, organic-rich worlds are present and chemistry is evolving there today – Titan is a particularly promising example in this regard. For life as we know it, liquid water is required (though forms of non-Earth life might exist in other liquids), and hence the inferred liquid water environments in Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus are of keen interest along with environments on and within Titan that contain aqueous and non-aqueous liquids.
Effects of divalent cations on the surface tension of a lipid monolayer-coated air/water interface

Abstract A theory is proposed for the effects of electrolyte ions on the surface tension of an air/water interface coated by a lipid monolayer. We use a model in which a monovalent cation can bind to only one lipid (1:1 binding), while a divalent cation may bind to one lipid (1:1 binding) or to a pair of adjacent lipids (2:1 binding or bridge binding). It is quantitatively shown that a large increase in surface tension of the phosphatidylserine monolayer-coated air/water interface caused by divalent cations, which has recently been observed by Ohki, is due primarily to the bridge binding of divalent cations. Theoretical values of the surface tension increase, calculated as a function of divalent cation concentration for the cases when divalent cations are Ca2+ and Mg2+, are in good agreement with the experimental data. Binding parameters for Ca2+ and Mg2+ have been estimated.
Thermostability and alcohol solubility of Vi antigen.

The present investigation was suggested by an unpublished observation made by one of us several years ago while working on Vi antigens and antibodies. An antiserum prepared against a motile Vi positive typhoid strain, H-484, was adsorbed 3 times with Salmonella ballerup. No drop in titer occurred for either O-901, H-484 or its nonmotile Vi positive variant, O-484. However, a marked prozone, increasing with the number of adsorptions, developed against 0-484 (Table I). When S. ballerup was washed in several changes of saline before being used for adsorption, the prozone against 0-484 failed to appear. It would seem that the Vi antigen was related to this prozone since it was the only component common to 0-484 and S. ballerup. The present work is an attempt to explain this reaction.The growth of S. ballerup was removed from plates using 5 ml of saline for every 2 plates. The mixture was shaken several times, centrifuged after 30 minutes and the supernatant fluid used to harvest more plates. The procedure was...
Fatty acid remodeling of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors in Trypanosoma brucei: incorporation of fatty acids other than myristate.

Abstract Trypanosoma brucei is the protozoan parasite that causes African sleeping sickness. Its surface is packed with 107 copies of the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored variant surface glycoprotein (VSG). This GPI anchor is unusual in that it contains two myristates (14:0) in its lipid moiety. This fatty acid specificity is achieved through myristoylation of the GPI precursor, and the acyltransferases involved in the GPI remodeling were presumed to be specific for myristate. However, their specificity had never been fully evaluated. Here we found as expected that the remodeling acyltransferases completely excluded palmitate (16:0) and stearate (18:0) in a cell-free fatty acid remodeling system. In contrast, we found surprisingly that one of these enzymes was permissive to shorter fatty acids such as laurate (12:0) and octanoate (8:0). However, the rates of incorporation of shorter fatty acids were lower than that of myristate at low substrate concentration. Since shorter fatty acids are virtually absent in the parasite and in the host bloodstream, it is unlikely that shorter fatty acids compete effectively with myristate as remodeling substrates under physiological conditions. Even if they were present in small quantities, a recently identified specialized fatty acid synthetase efficiently elongates shorter fatty acids to myristate prior to incorporation into GPIs (Morita et al., Science 288 (2000) 140–3.). Therefore, even though a remodeling acyltransferase is permissive with regard to substrate chain length, the myristate specificity in GPI anchors is very high.
Specific heat studies of silver fast ion conductors

Abstract In an attempt to find any precursor signs of the fast ion state in silver conductors; we have measured the low temperature (1.8–20K) specific heats of AgI, Ag 2 HgI 4 , and Pyridinium Ag 5 I 6 . While all three materials displayed non-Debye specific heats no extraordinary behavior was seen.
Retrospective evaluation of total parenteral nutrition in cats: 40 cases (1991–2003)

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in cats, to determine the frequency of complications, and to evaluate risk factors for complications. Design: The medical records of all cats receiving TPN at Tufts University between 1991 and 2003 were reviewed using a standardized data sheet. Setting: University hospital. Animals: Forty cats that received TPN were included in the analysis. Measurements and main results: Complications were classified as metabolic (e.g., hyperglycemia, hypokalemia), mechanical (e.g., catheter dislodgement, cellulitis), or septic (e.g., clinical suspicion of sepsis, in combination with a positive catheter culture). The most common underlying diseases were hepatic disease (n=16), gastrointestinal disorders (n=10), and pancreatitis (n=8). Median duration of TPN administration was 3.7 days (range, 0.3–9.5 days). Of the 40 cats receiving TPN, 26 experienced at least one complication with a total of 45 complications overall. These included metabolic (n=33) and mechanical (n=12). No cases of sepsis were documented. The most common metabolic complication was hyperglycemia (n=9). Most complications were mild and did not require discontinuation of TPN or adjustment of formula. Cats provided with energy above the resting energy requirement (RER) were more likely to develop hyperglycemia than those using RER as the initial calorie goal (P=0.02). Neither the presence nor number of complications impacted the duration of hospitalization or outcome. Conclusions: A more conservative estimate of energy requirements was associated with a lower risk of hyperglycemia. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimal formula and efficacy of TPN in cats.
WE‐C‐AUD A‐03: Using Risk Analysis to Develop QM Procedures for High Dose‐Rate Brachytherapy

Quality management in brachytherapy can become very time‐consuming, performing checks on everything that can be checked. Some of the commonly performed brachytherapyquality assurance measures provide little utility, while some apparently comprehensive programs may leave patients at risk. The most efficient use of time would concentrate resources where the risk of errors is the greatest. Risk analysis can help a practicing medical physicist assess the aspects of the procedure with the greatest risk and focus control measures to guard those steps, and possibly eliminate efforts with little payoff. This presentation presents examples of using risk analysis to guide the development of a quality management program in brachytherapy. Educational Objectives: 1. To understand the nature of risk analysis. 2. To see how risk analysis can assist in developing a brachytherapy quality management program.
Early results of a new method of treatment for idiopathic congenital vertical talus. Surgical technique.

BACKGROUND The treatment of idiopathic congenital vertical talus has traditionally consisted of manipulation and application of casts followed by extensive soft-tissue releases. However, this treatment is often followed by severe stiffness of the foot and other complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method of manipulation and cast immobilization, based on principles used by Ponseti for the treatment of clubfoot deformity, followed by pinning of the talonavicular joint and percutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon in patients with idiopathic congenital vertical talus. METHODS The cases of eleven consecutive patients who had a total of nineteen feet with an idiopathic congenital vertical talus deformity were retrospectively reviewed at a minimum of two years following treatment with serial manipulations and casts followed by limited surgery consisting of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy (all nineteen feet), fractional lengthening of the anterior tibial tendon (two) or the peroneal brevis tendon (one), and percutaneous pin fixation of the talonavicular joint (twelve). The principles of manipulation and application of the plaster casts were similar to those used by Ponseti to correct a clubfoot deformity, but the forces were applied in the opposite direction. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at the time of presentation, immediately postoperatively, and at the time of the latest follow-up. Radiographic measurements obtained at these times were compared. In addition, the radiographic data at the final evaluation were compared with normal values for an individual of the same age as the patient. RESULTS Initial correction was obtained both clinically and radiographically in all nineteen feet. A mean of five casts was required for correction. No patient underwent extensive surgical releases. At the final evaluation, the mean ankle dorsiflexion was 25 degrees and the mean plantar flexion was 33 degrees . Dorsal subluxation of the navicular recurred in three patients, none of whom had had pin fixation of the talonavicular joint. At the time of the latest follow-up, there was a significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in all of the measured radiographic parameters compared with the pretreatment values, and all of the measured angles were within normal values for the patient's age. CONCLUSIONS Serial manipulation and cast immobilization followed by talonavicular pin fixation and percutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon provides excellent results, in terms of the clinical appearance of the foot, foot function, and deformity correction as measured radiographically at a minimum two years, in patients with idiopathic congenital vertical talus.
Biochemical studies on the H-2K antigens of the MHC mutantbm1

Biochemical analysis of the H-2K-gene product from the MHC mutant strainbml and from the C57BL/6 parent strain has been carried out in order to characterize the structural differences between parent and mutant K-gene products. Based on comparative tryptic peptide mapping of the cyanogen bromide fragments from these glycoproteins, two peptide differences were localized to the CN-Ia fragment. Partial amino-acid sequence analysis revealed two alterations in the primary structure of Kbml involving substitutions of tyrosine for arginine at position 155, and tyrosine for leucine at position 156. Both of these amino-acid replacements require a minimum of two nucleotide base changes at the nucleic acid level. These changes were the only alterations noted differentiating the Kbml and Kb glycoproteins. However, because our techniques allow us to analyze only 75 to 80 percent of the extra cellular portion of H-2Kb, it is possible there are other undetected changes. Nonetheless, the biochemical data are consistent with the hypothesis that the structural alterations noted in the Kbml mutant glycoprotein are directly related to the observed immunological specificity relative to the parent Kb molecule. Peptide comparisons of the Kb molecules of two C57BL/6 sublines and of the H-2b lymphoblastoid cell line, EL-4, disclosed no difference.
(+/-)-(1S,2R,5S)-5-Amino-2-fluorocyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid. A potent GABA aminotransferase inactivator that irreversibly inhibits via an elimination-aromatization pathway.

Inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) increases the concentration of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human brain, which could have therapeutic applications for a vari...
Human CD8+ T lymphocyte clones specific for T cell receptor Vβ families expressed on autologous CD4+ T cells

Summary CD8 + T cells control immune responses, and recent studies suggest that this regulation is, in part, specifically directed towards TCR structures expressed by CD4 + cells. To develop a system to study the role of the TCR in regulatory interactions, we isolated clones of CD4 + cells expressing identified TCR Vβ chains. These CD4 + clones were used to stimulate and expand autologous CD8 + cells, which kill the inducing CD4 + clone as well as independently isolated autologous CD4 + clones sharing the same TCR Vβ as the inducing cell but not CD4 + T cells expressing different Vβ TCRs. This Vβ-specific cytotoxicity is dependent on the state of activation of the target cells and is not inhibited by an anti-class I monoclonal antibody, W6/32. We envision that Vβ-specific CD8 + T cells of this type may regulate immune responses by direct interaction with antigen-activated CD4 + cells.
Effects of glycol structure on the transesterification equilibria of oxo-osmium(VI) esters

Abstract We report equilibrium data on reactions between the N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethylethylenediamine oxo-osmium(VI) ester of thymine with a variety of polyhydroxylated compounds including sugars, glycosides, sugar alcohols, and nucleosides. Some rate data are also included. The cis -furanosidic nucleosides showed the largest equilibrium constants; among the pyranosidic systems, the cis (ae) structure was preferred.
A mössbauer effect study of diffusion of Fe in β-Fe-Ti alloys

Abstract The broadening of the Mossbauer effect resonance line has been used to observe the jump frequency, as a function of temperature, in β-Fe-Ti alloys. A comparison of the Mossbauer effect diffusion coefficients with those obtained from radioactive tracer measurements in the temperature range 800° to 1100°C show the Mossbauer effect results to be inconsistent with a dislocation pipe mechanism. Quantitative agreement between Mossbauer effect and tracer results can be obtained utilizing a model involving extrinsic vacancy complexes bound to oxygen interstitials.
Master Teaching Revisited Pursuing Excellence from the Students' Perspective:

This article examines effective teaching from the student perspective. Results indicate students value marketing educators who possess strong communication skills, are genuinely caring, and inject ...
Electrophysiologic effects, efficacy and tolerance of class Ic antiarrhythmic agents in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Abstract After extensive evaluation in clinical investigation, the class Ic antiarrhythmic agents flecainide and encainide have recently been approved for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. Preliminary reports indicate that these drugs may be useful in the treatment of a variety of supraventricular tachycardias, including atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in the setting of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. 1–5 This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate systematically the electrophysiologic effects, clinical efficacy and tolerance of flecainide and encainide in patients with the WPW syndrome.
Extraction of thromboxane B2 from urine using an immobilized antibody column for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract This paper describes an antibody affinity (immunoaffinity) column which, in one step, extracts and sufficiently purifies urinary thromboxane B2 (TXB2) for quantitative analysis by high resolution gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry (HRGC-NICI-SIM-MS). Polyclonal TXB2 antibody from rabbit was partially purified using immobilized Staphy2 lococcus aureus Protein A. The purified IgG fraction was then immobilized using an N-hydroxysuccimidyl silica gel. The resulting matrix bound 570 ng TXB2 per ml of gel. TXB2 was quantitatively eluted with acetonitrile-water (19:1). Columns constructed from the gel could be used repeatedly since binding capacity was reconstituted using 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) with no apparent loss of activity. Using these columns, urinary TXB2 was sufficiently purified in one step such that in subsequent analysis by HRGC-NICI-SIM-MS interference free chromatograms were observed.
Evading network anomaly detection systems: formal reasoning and practical techniques

Attackers often try to evade an intrusion detection system (IDS) when launching their attacks. There have been several published studies in evasion attacks, some with available tools, in the research community as well as the "hackers'' community. Our recent empirical case study showed that some payload-based network anomaly detection systems can be evaded by a polymorphic blending attack (PBA). The main idea of a PBA is to create each polymorphic instance in such a way that the statistics of attack packet(s) match the normal traffic profile. In this paper, we present a formal framework for the open problem: given an anomaly detection system and an attack, can one automatically generate its PBA instances? We show that in general, generating a PBA that optimally matches the normal traffic profile is a hard problem (NP-complete). However, the problem of finding a PBA can be reduced to the SAT or ILP problems so that solvers available in those domains can be used to find a near-optimal solution. We also present a heuristic (hill-climbing) to find an approximate solution. Our framework can not only expose how the IDS can be exploited by a PBA but also suggest how the IDS can be improved to prevent the PBA. We have experimented with our framework using the PAYL 1-gram and 2-gram anomaly detection system, and the results have validated our framework.
Closure of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis

Comparative anatomical and histologic methods have been responsible for the belief that the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the human is an active growth center until the adult stage is reached. According to standard texts the suture closes between the eighteenth and twenty-fifth years. The present investigation was a re-examination of this question by means of midsagittal laminagraphy. The material consisted of 205 males 8 to 21 years; and 193 females 6 to 18 years. The midsagittal lamina of the spheno-occipital junction appears as a band of less radiopacity when the suture is open. Closure was found to occur first on the cranial border and to progress downward. Initial closure was found in a male of 10 years, 10 months; first complete closure at 13 years, 4 months. The last found completely open was at 15 years, 2 months. Complete obliteration was found at 8 years, 1 month in one female subject and the last completely open suture at 13 years, 9 months. In general, the closing age for the males was between 13–16 years, and the female between 11–14 years.
Reactivity of NO with Anionic Water Clusters A-·(X2O)n (A = O, OX, O2, and XO2; X = D and H). Formation of (NO)2 and N2O3 and Their Reactions

The reactivity of NO toward anionic water clusters, A-·(X2O)n, A = O, OX, O2, and XO2; X = D and H), at several temperatures within the range 157−298 K, and at helium buffer gas pressures between 0.28 and 0.43 Torr, was studied using a flow-tube apparatus. The O-·(X2O)n≤5 and O2-·(X2O)n≤3 clusters were observed to react quite efficiently with NO, and the rate constants for these reactions were determined. The observed rate constants for O2-·(X2O)n show a positive temperature dependence. This observation is explained in terms of an energy barrier to the isomerization of the peroxy structural form, ONOO-·(X2O)n, to the conventional nitrate anion structure, NO3-·(X2O)n. For OX-·(X2O)n≤5, no detectable reaction with NO was observed to occur. Evidence for formation of the NO dimer and N2O3 in the flow-tube apparatus is presented. Under the flow-tube conditions employed, the N2O3 species is found to react efficiently with OX-·(X2O)n≤5, XO2-·(X2O)n≤4 and NO2-·(X2O)n≤2 via a ligand switching mechanism. The implic...
Simple Two-Photon Inscription of Surface Relief Gratings with Azobenzene Functionalized Polymer

Two-photon fabrication of surface relief gratings on azobenzene functionalized polymer films was carried out using femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm. The two-photon inscriptions were achieved by simply employing a relief grating as a phase mask. The relief patterns were successfully recorded with the phase mask and the near-infrared laser pulses. The period of the grating is the same as that of the mask. Polarization dependent formation of the grating was observed.
Sudden onset of disseminated porokeratosis of Mibelli in a renal transplant patient

Abstract Porokeratosis is a disorder of epidermal keratinization of uncertain cause. Five clinical variants of porokeratosis have been described. These include porokeratosis of Mibelli, punctate porokeratosis, linear porokeratosis, porokeratosis palmaris plantaris et disseminata, and disseminated superficial porokeratosis. Disseminated superficial porokeratosis and single plaque porokeratosis of Mibelli have each been documented to occur in association with immunosuppression. To our knowledge, only 5 cases of disseminated porokeratosis of Mibelli in transplant recipients have been reported. We present a patient who developed explosive onset of disseminated porokeratosis of Mibelli shortly after renal transplantation. It is important to differentiate this unusual variety of porokeratosis from other cutaneous manifestations in transplant patients so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:830-2.)
Src Family Kinases Are Required for Integrin-mediated but Not for G Protein-coupled Receptor Stimulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Autophosphorylation at Tyr-397

Plating suspended Swiss 3T3 cells onto fibronectin-coated dishes promoted phosphorylation of endogenous focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at Tyr-397, the major autophosphorylation site, and at Tyr-577, located in the activation loop, as revealed by site-specific antibodies that recognize the phosphorylated form of these residues. Treatment with the selective Src family kinase inhibitor pyrazolopyrimidine 2 (PP-2) markedly reduced the phosphorylation of both Tyr-397 and Tyr-577 induced by fibronectin. Furthermore, fibronectin-mediated FAK phosphorylation at Tyr-397 was dramatically reduced in SYF cells (deficient in Src, Yes, and Fyn expression). Stimulation of Swiss 3T3 cells with bombesin also induced a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of endogenous FAK at Tyr-397. In contrast to the results obtained with fibronectin, PP-2 did not prevent FAK Tyr-397 phosphorylation stimulated by bombesin at a concentration (10 micrometer) that suppressed bombesin-induced FAK Tyr-577 phosphorylation. Similarly, PP-2 did not prevent Tyr-397 phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells stimulated with other G protein-coupled receptor agonists including vasopressin, bradykinin, endothelin, and lysophosphatidic acid. Lysophosphatidic acid also induced FAK phosphorylation at Tyr-397 in SYF cells. Our results identify, for first time, the existence of Src-dependent and Src-independent pathways leading to FAK autophosphorylation at Tyr-397 stimulated by adhesion-dependent signals and G protein-coupled receptor agonists in the same cell.
Applying Sport Psychology Philosophies, Principles, and Practices Onto the Gridiron: An Interview With USC Football Coach Pete Carroll

INTRODUCTION Pete Carroll was the keynote speaker at the Third World Congress on Mental Training in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1999. At that time, he was the Head Football Coach for the NFL’s New England Patriots. From his presentation, I was most impressed by his passion for teaching and his affinity for the mental aspects of the sport of football. His knowledge of the principles of sport psychology and how he incorporated them into a professional sport setting were impressive. Several years later he was hired to become the head football coach at the University of Southern California, responsible for rebuilding one of college football’s most storied programs. In his 5 years, Coach Carroll has not only rebuilt the program but has elevated it to one of the nation’s most elite, achieving national championships in 2003 and 2004, and helped produce three Heisman Trophy winners in four years. I have been very fortunate to have the opportunity of providing sport psychology consultation services to the USC Athletic Department for eight years, and thus have been given ‘behindthe-scenes’ access to some great programs and coaches. This access has allowed me to hear and see how Coach Carroll puts into action his philosophies and practices shared during the above presentation. This interview reflects the impact that sport psychology has had on his philosophies, principles, and practices for life and coaching. After this initial interview was conducted, follow-up meetings were conducted to formulate a working model of the most salient of these practices and strategies for coaching excellence. This article will detail the many aspects to this model integrated with direct quotes from the interview and follow-up meetings. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how a major collegiate head coach in football uses principles and practices of sport psychology. Most coaches who have obtained this measure of success tend not to want to “open the vault” and share their ingredients for success. Consistent with his demeanour and personality, Coach Carroll is quite open to “talk shop” with fellow coaches (and sport psychology consultants!) and hopes that his International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Volume 1 · Number 4 · 2006 321
Transduction physiology of olfactory receptor cilia

Electro-olfactograms (EOGs) evoked by 8 odorants from frog olfactory epithelia during ciliary regrowth and during epithelial regeneration were analyzed. During ciliary regrowth following detergent-induced ciliary removal, EOG amplitudes initially increase proportionately with ciliary length. EOGs reach maximal amplitudes after 2 days of growth, when cilia are 40 micron long. Therefore olfactory transduction sites are located primarily on cilia rather than on the dendrite terminal and most of the receptor current enters through the proximal portion of the cilium. Zinc sulfate lavage of the nasal cavity causes selective necrosis of the receptor epithelium. During epithelial regeneration, EOGs increase linearly with time from 13 days after zinc lavage, the time of first cilium emergence, through 30 days. The rate of increase is different for different odorants. At 30 days and within a period of a few days, EOG amplitudes increase abruptly, then asymptote. Thus the development of receptors for different substances occurs at different rates and occurs in two steps. The transition between the two developmental states is coincident with arrival of receptor axon terminals at the central nervous system and with the immobilization of the ciliary contractile apparatus. Since there is continual generation of new receptor neurons throughout life, EOGs recorded in a normal nose reflect a complex combination of the differing receptor processes of cells of differing developmental stages.
Hydrothermal synthesis of titanosilicate ETS-10 using Ti(SO4)2

Abstract The ternary reaction composition diagram in the SiO 2 –Na 2 O–TiO 2 –KF–H 2 SO 4 –H 2 O system was developed for static ETS-10 synthesis at 473 K utilizing Ti(SO 4 ) 2 and N-brand sodium silicate solutions as sources of Ti and Si, respectively. For KF/TiO 2 = 1.5 and H 2 O/TiO 2 = 300, pure, crystalline (⩾95%) ETS-10 products were obtained in a narrow reaction composition zone (Na 2 O/SiO 2 = 0.790–0.825, SiO 2 /TiO 2 = 5.30–5.90, initial pH = 10.22–10.95). The presence of islands and terraces with heights of ∼1.2–1.7 nm suggests a layer growth mechanism via two-dimensional surface nucleation. The aspect ratio R = c / a of typical ETS-10 crystals ( c is the axial length of the bi-pyramid and a is the linear dimension of the square basal plane shared by the two pyramids) and the roughness of crystal pyramidal side surface decreased with increasing initial synthesis mixture pH. The Si/Ti ratios in the ETS-10 products were close to the theoretical value of 5. The crystallization curves for this pure ETS-10 showed that the induction time decreased substantially from 36 to 19 h, whereas crystallization rate increased only slightly from 19% to 27% h −1 upon increasing initial pH. Increasing dilution of the initial synthesis mixture with water (5.50SiO 2 :4.46Na 2 O:1.00TiO 2 :1.5KF:3.35H 2 SO 4 :450–750H 2 O) resulted in progressively longer crystallizations, producing bi-pyramidal crystals of monotonically increasing dimensions. The results of experiments using NaF instead of either KF or KOH (i.e., conducted without K + and F + ) suggested that in unseeded, organic-free ETS-10 syntheses, K + was necessary for the nucleation of ETS-10, while F − was not.
Ultra-low-threshold Er:Yb sol-gel microlaser on silicon

Ultra-low threshold lasers which operate in the telecommunications band and which can be integrated with other CMOS compatible elements have numerous applications in satellite communications, biochemical detection and optical computing. To achieve sub-mW lasing thresholds, it is necessary to optimize both the gain medium and the pump method. One of the most promising methods is to use rareearth ions in a co- or tri-dopant configuration, where the lasing of the primary dopant is enhanced by the secondary one, thus improving the efficiency of the overall system. Here, we demonstrate an Erbium:Ytterbium co-doped microcavity-based laser which is lithographically fabricated on a silicon substrate. The quality factor and pump threshold are experimentally determined for a series of erbium and ytterbium doping concentrations, verifying the inter-dependent relationship between the two dopants. The lasing threshold of the optimized device is 4.2 μW.
Serum paraoxonase status: A major factor in determining resistance to organophosphates

A number of lines of evidence suggest that serum paraoxonase is protective against poisoning by organophosphorus substrates of this enzyme. Birds that have very low levels of paraoxon hydrolyzing activity in their sera are very susceptible to parathion poisoning. Rabbits, which have a sevenfold higher enzyme level compared with rats, have a fourfold higher resistance to paraoxon poisoning than rats. Rabbit paraoxonase hydrolyzes chlorpyrifos‐oxon with a much higher turnover number than does rat paraoxonase, resulting in a very high resistance of rabbits to chlorpyrifos toxicity. Direct tests of paraoxonase protection have been carried out by injecting purified rabbit enzyme into rats. The protection achieved was higher for chlorpyrifos‐oxon than for paraoxon, probably due to the high hydrolytic activity of the rabbit enzyme for chlorpyrifos‐oxon. In humans, a substrate‐dependent polymorphism of serum paraoxonase is observed, where one isoform of paraoxonase has a high turnover number for paraoxon and the ...
Discussion of Who Is My Peer? A Valuation‐Based Approach to the Selection of Comparable Firms

Bhojraj and Lee present a new approach to deriving warranted valuation multiples and selecting comparable firms. Conference participants’ comments centered on two key issues. First, participants questioned the motivation for deriving warranted valuation multiples and selecting comparable firms. Second, participants questioned the procedure through which valuation theory was incorporated in the valuation multiple forecasting process.
Robust locally linear analysis with applications to image denoising and blind inpainting

We study the related problems of denoising images corrupted by impulsive noise and blind inpainting (i.e., inpainting when the deteriorated region is unknown). Our basic approach is to model the se...
Two new, direct, and specific methods of acid phosphatase determination National field trial

A national study of the new specific assays for prostatic acid phosphatase was conducted by the National Prostatic Cancer Project. The results of the study have confirmed that the counterimmunoelectrophoretic method is easily reproducible, highly specific, and sufficiently sensitive. Based on tests as performed by different institutions, the counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIEP) method was also shown to have high reproducibility and was found to be of much greater sensitivity than the conventional biochemical methods for the detection of earlier stages of prostatic cancer. The national study of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) has shown that although being a highly sensitive method, it could not be readily distributed at this time from one specialized center. It requires highly specific, expensive technical assistance and is not yet available nationwide. CIEP is recommended at this time to be used as the preferred method in the evaluation and diagnosis of prostatic cancer. The value of counterimmunoelectrophoresis in detecting early prostatic cancer as a screening method is promising, but still under study.
Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. XX. Multiple forms of acetohydroxy acid synthetase.

Summary Acetohydroxy acid synthetase (AHAS) from Salmonella typhimurium strain TU5006 (derived from LT2) and Escherichia coli strain M-42-11 (derived from W) consists of two activities. One (AHAS I) is sensitive to feedback inhibition by isoleucine, leucine and valine, and the other (AHAS II) is insensitive to these same effectors. E. coli strain CU1013, a derivative of strain K-12, lacks the ability to produce AHAS II, thus accounting for the valine-sensitive growth characteristic of derivatives of E. coli strain K-12. Production of the AHAS I activity appears to be under multivalent control by valine and leucine, while that of AHAS II, in those strains that produce it, appears to be under multivalent control by isoleucine, valine and leucine.
Calculation of Changes in Vehicle Miles Traveled for Drive-Alone Commuting During a Temporary Freeway Closure: The Fix I-5 Project in Sacramento, California

A 1-mi stretch of Interstate 5 in downtown Sacramento, California, was closed intermittently for reconstruction (i.e., "the Fix") in the summer of 2008. With data collected from two contemporaneous surveys of affected workers, the study reported in this paper estimated changes in drive-alone commute, vehicle miles traveled (DACVMT) as a result of Fix-related mode shifts, switches to (increased) telecommuting (TC) and compressed work week (CWW) schedules, personal leave (PL) days, and departures from the region (DFR) (i.e., out of town for the entire study week). Distinctions were made for the first three causes for the changes, which were characterized as possibly permanent, and the latter two, which were definitely temporary. Net DACVMT changes were distinguished further by respondents who made overall positive changes and overall negative changes. During the target week, the total Fix-related VMT reduction for the entire affected sample (N = 6,185) was estimated to be between 5.36% and 5.48%. Reductions...
Erythrocyte δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydrase Changes in the Preruminant Calf

Abstract Sixteen preruminant, male Holstein calves were tested for erythrocyte δ -aminolevulinic acid dehydrase activity, hemoglobin and erythrocyte count in blood samples taken weekly during the first 13 wk of life. δ -Aminolevulinic acid dehydrase showed a continual increase in activity beginning at wk 3 to a maximal activity at wk 9. Hemoglobin content was decreased by wk 5 and erythrocyte count was reduced by wk 6. δ -Aminolevulinic acid dehydrase enzyme activities increased with age corresponding to changes in hemoglobin and erythrocyte count during early postnatal development of the preruminant calf.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis in Ovarian Serous Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation

A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman with primary ovarian serous carcinoma presented with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). Preoperative workup showed serum sodium level of 110 mEq/liter and antidiuretic hormone level of 3.3 pg/ml. The serum and urine osmolarity were 239 and 371, respectively. Antidiuretic hormone was demonstrated in tumor cells by immunohistochemistry. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this represents the first case of SIAD due to primary ovarian tumor.
Descriptions of acrasid cellular slime molds: Pocheina rosea and a new species, Pocheina flagellata

Numerous collections of the orange-colored Pocheina have been obtained in North Carolina and other areas of the United States, and in Australia and England. All but one were found on bark of live gymnosperm and frondose trees. A single collection from a dead Juniperus virginiana tree most closely resembles the type collection of P. rosea. Further studies may reveal that the majority of our collections of P. rosea represent a new variety. The new species, P. flagellata, found on the bark of live gymnosperm trees in Wisconsin and North Carolina, has sorocarps that resemble those of our common P. rosea collections but differs in having flagellate cells, spores with more abundant punctations, and nuclei that, during mitosis, lack divided nucleolar parts at the polar areas, which are present in the mitotic nuclei of P. rosea. Pocheina and Acrasis are considered related genera that are unrelated to other acrasid cellular slime molds. As previously noted by Loeblich and Tappan (1961), Guttulina Cienkowsky (1873), a cellular slime mold genus, was antedated by Guttulina d'Orbigny, a foraminiferan genus. Since we have considered both groups of organisms as members of the Kingdom Protista, reclassification of the cellular slime mold genus as Pocheina Loeblich & Tappan and the single known species as P. rosea (Cienk.) Loeblich & Tappan was accepted but retained in the Class Acrasea, Subphylum Mycetozoa, and Phylum Gymnomyxa of the Kingdom Protista (Olive, 1975). At the same time, the acrasid and dictyostelid cellular slime molds were classified separately because of a number of major differences among them. Also, as will be indicated later, Pocheina appears to be related to the genus Acrasis but to no other genus of cellular slime molds presently known. Cienkowsky discovered his cellular slime mold on dead wood containing lichens in a part of Russia that is now Poland, and he described the rose-colored sorocarp as having a round mass of spores at the top of a stalk composed of rows of wedge-shaped cells. In the presence of water the sorocarp cells germinated, yielding amoebae with lobose pseudopodia. The organism was not discovered and described again until it was found on bark of a live cypress tree sent to K. B. Raper from the Netherlands by Nannenga-Bremekamp. Raper (1973) found it to be very similar to the one described by Cienkowsky, although the spores failed to germinate. Our numerous collections of Pocheina in the past several years have turned out to comprise more than a single species. In the following discussion, we will describe what may be two varieties of P. rosea and a new species of the genus. Both species have been grown in culture.
A Model of Inquiry for Teaching Earth Science

Teachers and administrators have heard recent calls for more inquiry-oriented science instruction at roughly the same time more emphasis has been placed on high-stakes testing in science. While these two factors justify an examination on assessment practices, they also justify a refinement in teaching approaches to science inquiry. At their core, models of inquiry-science teaching attempt to engage student in active processes of science knowledge construction, emulating the process of science itself. But each domain in science has unique, if overlapping, histories, traditions, and conventions that have directed inquiry within those sciences. This paper outlines a model of inquiry science teaching that more accurately reflects the nature of the Earth sciences than do generic or physical science-based models do. This model incorporates elements recognizable for any science domain (question posing, methods definition and application, and solution determination), but also provides specific mechanisms within each element that reflect the nature of the Earth sciences, in current, historical, and classroom contexts. These mechanisms include descriptions of materials, space, and time; observations and modeling; and interpretations and historical representations. Possible pathways for short- and long-term instructional planning are also discussed. Teaching Earth science in the K-12 classroom presents a challenge compared to other sciences in the curriculum. Earth science is an interdisciplinary science, encompassing ideas from physics, chemistry, and biology, but applied through geology, meteorology, oceanography, and in K-12 curricula, space science and astronomy. Earth science is not a narrow set of ideas, but a synthesis of many concepts, traditions, and disciplines in science.
A neural network based wide area monitor for a power system

With the deregulation of power industry, many tie lines between control areas are driven to operate near their maximum capacity, especially those serving heavy load centers. Wide area controllers (WACs) using wide-area or global signals can provide remote auxiliary control signals to local controllers such as automatic voltage regulators, power system stabilizers, etc to damp out inter-area oscillations. The power system is highly nonlinear system with fast changing dynamics. In order to have an efficient WAC, an online system monitor/predictor is required to provide inter-area information to the WAC from time to time. This paper presents the design of an online wide area monitor (WAM) using a neural network called the wide area neuroidentifier (WANI). The WANI is used to predict ahead the speed deviations of generators in the different areas using phasor measurement unit (PMU). Results are presented to show the effectiveness of the wide area monitor for different disturbances.
Improving Door-to-Needle Times: A Single Center Validation of the Target Stroke Hypothesis

Background and Purpose— National guidelines recommend imaging within 25 minutes of emergency department arrival and intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator within 60 minutes of emergency department arrival for patients with acute stroke. In 2007, we implemented a new institutional acute stroke care model to include 10 best practices and evaluated the effect of this intervention on improving door-to-computed tomography (CT) and door-to-needle (DTN) times at our hospital. Methods— We compared patients who presented directly to our hospital with acute ischemic stroke in the preintervention (2003–2006) and postintervention (2008–2011) periods. We did not include 2007, the year that the new protocol was established. Predictors of DTN ≤60 minutes before and after the intervention were assessed using χ 2 for categorical variables, and t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables. Results— Among 2595 patients with acute stroke, 284 (11%) received intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator. For patients arriving within an intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator window, door-to-CT P P Conclusions— Door-to-CT and DTN times improved dramatically after applying 10 best practices, all of which were later incorporated into the Target Stroke Guidelines created by the American Heart Association. The only factor that significantly affected DTN60 was the intervention itself, indicating that these best practices can result in improved DTN times.