cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axiom schemata as metalevel axioms: model theory

Logicians frequently use axiom schemata to encode (potentially infinite) sets of sentences with particular syntactic form. In this paper we examine a first-order language in which it is possible to write expressions that both describe sentences and assert the truth of the sentences so described. The effect of adding such expressions to a knowledge base is the same as directly including the set of described sentences.
Constrained discriminative training of N-gram language models

In this paper, we present a novel version of discriminative training for N-gram language models. Language models impose language specific constraints on the acoustic hypothesis and are crucial in discriminating between competing acoustic hypotheses. As reported in the literature, discriminative training of acoustic models has yielded significant improvements in the performance of a speech recognition system, however, discriminative training for N-gram language models (LMs) has not yielded the same impact. In this paper, we present three techniques to improve the discriminative training of LMs, namely updating the back-off probability of unseen events, normalization of the N-gram updates to ensure a probability distribution and a relative-entropy based global constraint on the N-gram probability updates. We also present a framework for discriminative adaptation of LMs to a new domain and compare it to existing linear interpolation methods. Results are reported on the Broadcast News and the MIT lecture corpora. A modest improvement of 0.2% absolute (on Broadcast News) and 0.3% absolute (on MIT lectures) was observed with discriminatively trained LMs over state-of-the-art systems.
The association of organized and unorganized physical activity and sedentary behavior with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in Hispanic adolescents

Background Literature suggests that physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior may be associated with adolescent mental health symptoms. A gap in the literature is whether different types of PA have unique impacts on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. This study separately assesses the association of organized PA, unorganized PA, and sedentary behavior with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Method This study analyzed baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention with 575 Hispanic adolescents. Using separate multivariable linear mixed models, the relationship between the independent variables of PA and sedentary behavior and the dependent variables of internalizing and externalizing symptoms was evaluated. Results Organized PA was not associated with internalizing or externalizing symptoms; however, higher levels of unorganized PA were associated with greater internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Increased sedentary behavior was also associated with higher levels of externalizing symptoms, but not internalizing symptoms. Conclusions Implications of this study highlight the need to examine types of PA separately as they may differentially deferentially influence adolescent mental health symptoms. Potential explanations for these findings and suggested further analyses are discussed.
Incentive Compatible Electronic Loyalty

Loyalty is a big part of today's business because retaining a customer is cheaper than attracting a new one. This relationship also holds true in e-commerce. There are many programs on the Internet to enhance loyalty in the electronic environment, most of which can be summarized as frequent usage points. In this paper, we first survey and categorize these e-loyalty programs and then concentrate on the Stockback.com e-loyalty program. The Stockback.com offers customers its mutual funds whenever they purchase an item from the portal. We propose a modified version of the Stockback.com model in which customers are offered individual stocks of the Stockback.com companies instead of the Stockback.com mutual fund. We prove that our model is incentive compatible under certain conditions. That is, if the total value of a firm's stocks in a consumer's hand reaches its critical mass, then he will have an incentive to buy again from that firm knowing that his purchase will increase the firm's sales and in turn its stock value, ceteris paribus. Higher stock value will have a positive effect on consumer's wealth. Firms will also benefit from the program in the long run because of the low cost of retaining customers, increased sales and stock value. Our model also shows that incentive compatible electronic loyalty can only be achieved by firms that sell valuable products and they are valuable themselves. Lastly, we show that the original Stockback.com program is not incentive compatible that explains why they changed their strategy recently. We basically use Klemperer's two-period duopoly model with consumer switching costs (1987) with an extension that our model distinguishes the demand functions of the two firms.
Prospects and Possibilities: The New Deal and the New Social Research

to reconstruct with the aid of our past experience the picture in the artist's head. Unless it jars our expectations, we say it is a true picture. The foregoing rapid characterization of a method which has been used skilfully in rural research by such writers as J. M. Williams makes no claim to adequacy. Particularly, we have failed to demarcate boundaries between fiction, such as Rolvaag's Giants in the Earth and the first cousin of fiction, such as Sandburg's Lincoln: The Prairie Years, which places closer restrictions on an author's imagination. The whole subject is, of course, beyond the scope of the present paper. It is mentioned here only by way of attempting to see statistical induction, the main subject of our remarks, in an undistorted setting. While the trend in rural research has been perhaps toward the method used by Brunner and Kolb, a very profitable meeting might be devoted soon to a critical reconsideration of the criteria of validity and the practical values of the method used by J. M. Williams. The possibility of eventually imitating physical science in its establishment of universal inductions has not been denied; neither has it been affirmed. Experience in social investigations is too young to permit any discussion of universal inductions except in the abstract. Usually, the mnost we can do is to project results haltingly and then only within the limits of a restricted culture area. This projection, no matter how meticulous our methods in the original historical study, is often just a laymnan's guess. We have not yet been vouchsafed credentials to serve as the oracles of Apollo. And what of it? There is solid, important work to be done, and rural social research is doing it conscientiously.
In vitro studies of the mechanism of polyuria induced by dextro propoxyphene (Darvon).

SummaryThe isolated surviving toad bladder was used to demonstrate direct peripheral antagonism between antidiuretic hormone and both dextro propoxyphene (Darvon®) and levo propoxyphene (Norvad®). These findings suggest that the polyuria accompanying a recent death after dextro propoxyphene ingestion was a result of drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Smokeless Tobacco Risk Comparison and Other Debate Messages in the News.

Objectives Public health professionals have debated the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) over cigarettes for harm reduction. This article describes SLT and cigarette risk comparisons and other SLT “debate” messages potentially reaching the public through news stories.
Analysis of Mechanical Alloying Process and Design of Milling System by Model Simulation of Ball Milling

Theoretical analysis of mechanical alloying process conducted by ball mills is indispensa during mechanical alloying should be investigated. In this paper, some results of the author's computer-based motion simulation of individual balls during ball milling of metal powders were presented. One of the results was helpful to understand the metal powder coating behavior during mechanical alloying by a tumbling ball mill.
Reducing the intention-to-behaviour gap for locally produced foods purchasing

Purpose – The study regarding retail grocery considers the mediating effect of store atmospheric responsiveness (SAR) on the relationship of purchase intentions (PI) and extent of purchase (EP) for locally produced foods as well as potential moderators of trust and price consciousness (PC). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study used survey methodology of 755 grocery store shoppers for locally produced foods and structural equations modelling to test proposed relationships. Findings – A significant positive relationship between PI and EP for locally produced foods exists and that SAR mediated the relationship. Trust was found to moderate the relationship of PI and EP, while PC moderated the SAR to EP. Research limitations/implications – The use of a survey methodology which may lack generalizability. Customers may report desired vs actual intentions or behaviours, and the sample included a large majority of female and Caucasian shoppers. The framework can serve as ...
Malacoplakia: a 25-year experience with a review of the literature.

AbstractOur experience with 9 cases of genitourinary malacoplakia is reviewed. The bladder was involved in 4 patients, ureter in 2, prostate in 1, testis in 1 and a combination of prostate, bladder, rectum and pelvic adnexae in 1. The female-to-male ratio was 2:1. Escherichia coli was present in 7 of 8 available urine cultures. Of 9 patients 2 had associated immunocompromised conditions. A variety of therapeutic approaches were chosen, depending mainly on location and extent of disease. These varying combinations of medical and surgical therapies produced resolution of disease in 8 of 9 patients. Generally, upper tract involvement requires surgical intervention, while most cases of lower tract involvement can be managed with antibiotics and endoscopic resection. Rare cases of extensive lower tract malacoplakia may require extirpation for cure.
Organization of cortico-cortical pathways supporting memory retrieval across subregions of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence indicates that different subregions of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) participate in distinct cortical networks. These networks have been shown to support separable cognitive functions: anterior VLPFC [inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars orbitalis] functionally correlates with a ventral fronto-temporal network associated with top-down influences on memory retrieval, while mid-VLPFC (IFG pars triangularis) functionally correlates with a dorsal fronto-parietal network associated with postretrieval control processes. However, it is not known to what extent subregional differences in network affiliation and function are driven by differences in the organization of underlying white matter pathways. We used high-angular-resolution diffusion spectrum imaging and functional connectivity analysis in unanesthetized humans to address whether the organization of white matter connectivity differs between subregions of VLPFC. Our results demonstrate a ventral-dorsal division within IFG. Ventral IFG as a whole connects broadly to lateral temporal cortex. Although several different individual white matter tracts form connections between ventral IFG and lateral temporal cortex, functional connectivity analysis of fMRI data indicates that these are part of the same ventral functional network. By contrast, across subdivisions, dorsal IFG was connected with the midfrontal gyrus and correlated as a separate dorsal functional network. These qualitative differences in white matter organization within larger macroanatomical subregions of VLPFC support prior functional distinctions among these regions observed in task-based and functional connectivity fMRI studies. These results are consistent with the proposal that anatomical connectivity is a crucial determinant of systems-level functional organization of frontal cortex and the brain in general.
Application of soil test methods to study the availability of phosphorus in beef cattle manure

Characterizing beef cattle (Bos taurus) manure P and its crop availability is essential to improve the utilization of this resource. The objectives of this study were to survey beef cattle manure in Iowa, analyze manure for P and other chemical properties, and determine the crop-availability of selected sources by soil testing. The survey samples (107) were classified into five categories according to animal and manure management: with bedding (BEDDED), open concrete floor (CONCRETE), dirt floor (DIRT), no feeding of corn (Zea mays L.) coproducts (NoCCP), and slurry from deep pits (PIT). Manure total P (TP) and proportion of water-soluble P (MWSP) were higher for BEDDED, CONCRETE, and PIT [10, 11, 15 g TP kg -1 dry matter (DM) basis and 59, 57, and 55% of MWSP, respectively] than for DIRT and NoCCP. Representative samples from each group were selected for P fractionation analysis, and a P source-soil 23-wk incubation study that also included di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and a control. All P sources were applied at 87 kg TP ha -1 . Soils were Adair (Aquertic Argiudolls), Harps (Typic Calciaquolls), and Nicollet (Aquic Hapludolls). There were not significant or small and inconsistent changes of Bray-1 (BP), Mehlich-3 (M3P), Olsen (OP), and water-extractable (WEP) P levels over the incubation period between all sources and soils. On average, manure P effectiveness relative to DAP was greater for M3P and OP (79 and 80%) than for BP and WEP (77 and 74%); and 73, 84, and
Fatigue behaviour and modelling of talc-filled and short glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics, including temperature and mean stress effects

Effects of temperature and mean stress on fatigue behaviour of talc-filled polypropylene (PP-T) and short glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP-G), polyamide-66 (PA66), and a blend of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene (PPE/PS) were investigated. Load-controlled fatigue tests were conducted under positive stress ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.3) and at several temperatures (T = 23, 85 and 120 °C). Larson–Miller parameter was used and a shift factor of Arrhenius type was developed to correlate fatigue data at various temperatures. Effect of mean stress on fatigue life was significant for some of the studied materials; however, for the PPE/PS blend no effect of mean stress was observed. Modified Goodman and Walker mean stress equations were evaluated for their ability to correlate mean stress data. A general fatigue life prediction model was also used to account for the effects of mean stress, temperature, anisotropy and frequency.
The Spectrum of Cross Dressing

We begin this chapter with a review of five heterosexual behavior patterns involving cross dressing: fetishism, fetishistic transvestism, marginal transvestism, transgenderism, and secondary transsexualism (TV type). The latter part of this chapter will describe four homosexual behavior patterns involving cross dressing: primary transsexualism, secondary transsexualism, so-called drag queens, and female impersonators. Our goal is to describe each of these terms and state what we see as the essential differences among them. The terminology is not our invention; it has been in use for many years. Stoller (1985a) has reviewed problems relating to classification and diagnosis in transvestism and transsexualism. Unfortunately, the knowledge base necessary to support a system of classification is only now beginning to take shape. When the definitions of “types” are unclear, research reports may be difficult to interpret for they may include persons drawn from two or more “types” of cross-gender behavior. There are many potential harms which may arise from the assignment of labels and classifications to individuals, but from a research perspective, it is necessary to say as clearly as possible what behavior is being studied. Our present emphasis is upon the etiology and course of heterosexual transvestism—a phenomenon believed to be found almost exclusively in men. Hence, most of what we say here pertains to males. Females are involved only with reference to primary transsexualism. Another clarification: When we use the word transvestism without specifying either the fetishistic or marginal type, we are referring to the combination of these two types. Similarly, when we use the word transsexualism without specifying either the primary or secondary variation, we are referring equally to both.
Goodwill intended for whom? Examining factors influencing conspicuous prosocial behavior on social media

Abstract Despite the popularity of cause-related marketing (CRM), the socially-oriented drivers that influence the success of CRM have yet to be investigated empirically in the hospitality context. This study investigated the effects of three factors (status motive, guilt, and recognition) on customers’ attitudes and intent to participate in CRM promotions through social media. A scenario-based 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects experimental design was used. Results revealed that status-seeking individuals exhibited the high level of prosocial behavior when their behavior was recognized by others publicly compared to non status-seeking individuals. In addition, individuals who felt guilt with regards to a CRM promotional appeal were more likely to respond to the promotion positively than those who did not, when their goodwill was observable by others. Considering this desire of some customers to have their goodwill displayed to others (known as conspicuous prosocial behavior), this study provides important evidence for companies wishing to develop CRM strategies via social media.
Social Form and the ‘Purely Social’: On the Kind of Sociality Involved in Value

“Social Form and the ‘Purely Social’: Toward a better Understanding of Value and the Value-Form” wonders what sort of sociality is involved in societies where wealth is produced on a capitalist basis and where wealth takes the social form of the commodity. This question is explored with special reference to what Marx calls the value-form, that is, to his claim that value must be expressed in exchange-value, more particularly, in the (antagonistic) polarized relationship between commodity and money, the universal equivalent.
Large-Scale Traffic Grid Signal Control Using Decentralized Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning

With the rise of rapid urbanization around the world, a majority of countries have experienced a significant increase in traffic congestion. The negative impacts of this change have resulted in a number of serious and adverse effects, not only regarding the quality of daily life at an individual level but also for nations’ economic growth. Thus, the importance of traffic congestion management is well recognized. Adaptive real-time traffic signal control is effective for traffic congestion management. In particular, adaptive control with reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising technique that has recently been introduced in the field to better manage traffic congestion. Traditionally, most studies on traffic signal control have used centralized reinforcement learning, whose computation inefficiency prevents it from being employed for large traffic networks. In this paper, we propose a computationally cost-effective distributed algorithm, namely, a decentralized fuzzy reinforcement learning approach, to deal with problems related to the exponentially growing number of possible states and actions in RL models for a large-scale traffic signal control network. More specifically, the traffic density at each intersection is first mapped to four different fuzzy sets (i.e., low, medium, high, and extremely high). Next, two different kinds of algorithms, greedy and neighborhood approximate Q-learning (NAQL), are adaptively selected, based on the real-time, fuzzified congestion levels. To further reduce computational costs and the number of state-action pairs in the RL model, coordination and communication between the intersections are confined within a single neighborhood, i.e., the controlled intersection with its immediate neighbor intersections, for the NAQL algorithm. Finally, we conduct several numerical experiments to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. The results demonstrate that the decentralized fuzzy reinforcement learning algorithm achieves comparable results when measured against traditional heuristic-based algorithms. In addition, the decentralized fuzzy RL algorithm generates more adaptive control rules for the underlying dynamics of large-scale traffic networks. Thus, the proposed approach sheds new light on how to provide further improvements to a networked traffic signal control system for real-time traffic congestion.
ANALYTIC THEORY OF SUBCOULOMB STRIPPING. III. EXTENSION TO CASES OF ARBITRARY ANGULAR MOMENTA.

Abstract The analytic theory of subcoulomb stripping, which has been previously proposed in detail only for L = 0 stripping, is extended to cases of arbitrary orbital angular momentum and arbitrary spins of the target, projectile, exchanged cluster and emitted cluster. An appropriate analytic parametrization of the effects of wave distortions of the optical-model type is defined in terms of radial integrals. The analytic formulae for Coulomb-wave amplitudes are rewritten in a closed form which is valid for all L , which is more convenient for numerical evaluation. Explicit expressions are deduced for stripping cross sections for cases in which the initial particles are not polarized and in which the polarizations of the products are not measured. It is conjectured that these formulae may lead to the determination of more consistent values for the reduced widths of levels produced by stripping and to good fits to the angular distributions even in the vicinity of sharp resonances.
Surgical management of digital ischemia caused by constriction band formation in a patient with ichthyosis vulgaris

Ichthyosis is a broad and loosely defined group of hereditary and acquired disorders characterized by filaggrin dysfunction and impaired epidermal homeostasis that results in dry, scaly and thickened skin. Individuals with truncation mutations in the profilaggrin gene coding for filaggrin are strongly predisposed to severe forms of ichthyosis. The phenotypical expression of ichthyosis caused by the same genotypical mutation can vary considerably in severity and in regards to how much constricting scar tissue develops. Here, we report a case of digital ichthyosis threatening the neurovascular integrity to the small finger to discuss the importance of early diagnosis and role of Z-plasty flaps in the surgical treatment of constriction band formation.
BlueMountain: An Architecture for Customized Data Management on Mobile Systems

In this paper, we design a pluggable data management solution for modern mobile platforms (e.g., Android). Our goal is to allow data management mechanisms and policies to be implemented independently of core app logic. Our design allows a user to install data management solutions as apps, install multiple such solutions on a single device, and choose a suitable solution each for one or more apps. It allows app developers to focus their effort on app logic and helps the developers of data management solutions to achieve wider deployability. It also gives increased control of data management to end users and allows them to use different solutions for different apps. We present a prototype implementation of our design called BlueMountain, and implement several data management solutions for file and database management to demonstrate the utility and ease of using our design. We perform detailed microbenchmarks as well as end-to-end measurements for files and databases to demonstrate the performance overhead incurred by our implementation.
Slowing Down Aging

The hypothalamus plays a key role in coordinating the physiological changes that underlie mammalian aging. In a recent issue of Nature, Cai and colleagues (2017) shed new light on the mechanism of this effect by providing evidence that hypothalamic stem cells may regulate aging through the release of microRNAs in exosomes.
FES-assisted Cycling Improves Aerobic Capacity and Locomotor Function Postcerebrovascular Accident.

ABSTRACTPurposeAfter a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) aerobic deconditioning contributes to diminished physical function. Functional electrical stimulation (FES)–assisted cycling is a promising exercise paradigm designed to target both aerobic capacity and locomotor function. This pilot study aimed
Automatic Selection of an Active Space for Calculating Electronic Excitation Spectra by MS-CASPT2 or MC-PDFT.

Multireference methods such as multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) and multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MC-PDFT) can be very accurate, but they have the disadvantage that they are not black-box methods, and finding a good active space for the reference wave function often requires nonsystematic procedures based on intimate knowledge of the system under study. In this paper, we propose a scheme called the ABC scheme, which is a three-step calculation using three parameters, for automatic selection (without looking at the orbitals and without using any knowledge of the specific system at hand) of the active space (including both the size of the active space and the orbitals in the active space) for MS-CASPT2 or MC-PDFT calculations, and we report tests of the scheme on the first five excitation energies for a set of ten doublet radicals. The results show that the ABC scheme is very successful for both MS-CASPT2 and MC-PDFT for all ten systems consi...
Ubiquitous fatigue tracking of implicit and explicit data of communters within smart hyperspaces

As work hours have increased, there has been an increase in mistakes and hazardous situations among workers that travel frequently [3][9][10]. The focus of this paper is the role of fatigue amongst such workers and how to combat it using smart hyperspaces. Smart Hyperspace for Implicit and Explicit Logging of Human Data (SHIELHD) is a system that is design to enhance the capabilities of workers who travel between locations during their workday. The SHIELHD system is designed to pervasively monitor fatigue levels and call for help when users are in need, bringing assistance without requiring them to divert their attention from tasks. The SHIELHD design consists of a personal smart space, a smart vehicle space, and smart office space. For preliminary testing purposes, the initial prototype was implemented with a miniature electric vehicle and in an office setting. The vehicle smart space consists of coordinating reaction time test data and heartrate monitoring of the user with the intent of establishing patterns to predict fatigue levels. The office smart space system observes the relationship between heartrate and facial responses of the user to predict fatigue.
"Paperless Grading" of Handwritten Homework: Electronic Process and Assessment

The typical engineering homework assignment may involve sketches, formulas with special symbols, as well as calculation steps. The most time efficient way for students to do this work is by hand, on paper. In terms of grading such assignments, it is faster and easier for instructors to handwrite comments than to add typewritten comments via text box, sticky note, etc. The computer and printing technologies available to instructors and students have progressed to the point where the use of electronic submission and grading for assigned work is viable, both in terms of ease of use and the benefits accrued – even for handwritten assignments. The goal for this project is to implement and assess a “paperless grading” process for handwritten homework assignments which allows for both electronic submission and return of the assignments. This process also allows the grader to “mark-up” the papers with handwritten comments. In spring 2013, the 33 students in the “Engineering Systems” class participated in a semester long trial of a paperless grading process for their homework assignments. An iPad was used as the homework grading platform coupled with the university’s course management system. At the end of the semester, the students completed a survey with questions which asked them to compare the paperless process with the process associated with the more traditional homework submission and grading process as well as their opinions on possible benefits or disadvantages of the paperless process. Also included were questions asking for their suggestions for improvements on the paperless process. Student feedback from this first trial was used to make some enhancements to the paperless process which was repeated in the spring 2014 offering of the class with 60 students who then completed the same survey used in 2013. This study shows that the penultimate “hold out” of going paperless – handwritten homework – can be accomplished with the hybrid process to be described in this paper. All participants in both semesters – students, graders, and instructor – concur that paperless grading is the way to go. In this paper, a more detailed description of the paperless grading process for handwritten homework will be presented. In addition, the quantitative results of the project evaluation for both semesters will be discussed as well as suggestions for future improvements in the process.
Scaling Limits of Schrödinger Quantum Mechanics

We outline the status of rigorous derivations of certain classical evolution equations as limits of Schrodinger dynamics. We explain two recent results jointly with H.T. Yau in more details. The first one is the derivation of the linear Boltzmann equation as the long time limit of the one-body Schrodinger equation with a random potential. The second one is the mean field limit of high density bosons with Coulomb interaction that leads to the nonlinear Hartree equation.
Changes in Bronchial Reactivity of Asthmatics and Normals Following Exposures to 0.1 Ppm No2

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of a one-hour exposure to 0.1 ppm NO 2 on respiratory mechanics and airways reactivity of normal subjects and of atopic asthmatics. Fifteen normal and 15 asthmatic subjects were exposed to air and to NO 2 on consecutive days in a randomized double-blind, cross-over design. Airways responsiveness to methacholine was assessed by plethysmography measurement of specific airway resistance (SRaw) and by measurement of total respiratory resistance by a forced oscillatory technique immediately after each methacholine dose. Following exposure to NO 2 , there was a slight, but not significant increase in mean baseline airway resistance (Raw) and SRaw in both normals and asthmatics. The overall resistive properties of the respiratory system derived from the forced random noise impedance spectrum (5–30 Hz) were not affected by NO 2 inhalation either. Similarly, despite good dose-response curve reproducibility, no change in response to methacholine related to NO 2 exposure was observed in either group. These findings indicate that 0.1 ppm NO 2 exposure for one hour without exercise had no significant airways effects, either in young atopic asthmatics or in young normal subjects.
Recovery of gibbsite from secondary aluminum production dust by caustic leaching

Abstract The disposal of aluminum bearing dust can cause heat and gases, as well as the potential generation of leachate from landfills. In this research, we suggested a two-step process - leaching and precipitation - for recovering gibbsite from secondary aluminum production dust. First, a sodium aluminate solution, containing about 20 g/L of aluminum, was prepared using 1 M of sodium hydroxide leaching. Precipitation of the gibbsite was then conducted for 30 min after a pH adjustment. As the results indicate, the overall aluminum recovery rate was about 87% by weight after leaching and precipitation, and the major component of the precipitate was Al(OH)3 based on an X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis.
Maladaptive Variants of Adaptive Traits and Bloated Specific Factors

Abstract The five-factor model of personality disorder (FFMPD) hypothesizes that the traditionally adaptive five-factor model (FFM) poles (e.g., agreeableness) include maladaptive variants. However, “bloated specific factors” (BSFs), which are artifactual factors that emerge when a specific facet of a broader construct is over-represented, complicate research on the maladaptive variants. Twenty-five sets of factor analyses are completed herein demonstrating that items from maladaptive trait facet scales form BSFs when over-represented in factor analyses with other FFM indicators, separating from the higher-order domains in which they were originally located. These results held in 23 of 25 cases. Ensuring balanced collections of scales representing constructs would help researchers avoid BSFs. The implications of BSFs for future research on personality structure are discussed.
Hydrogen integration in power-to-gas networks

Abstract The share of renewable energy resources is consistently rising in the global energy supply, and power-to-gas technique is being seen as the feasible storage of surplus renewable electricity. In this regard the sensitivity of hydrogen towards various elements of the P2G network needs to be assessed. The study provides an overview of a number of P2G projects mainly concentrated in Europe, and summarizes the results of investigations carried out on the effects of hydrogen injection on the existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure. It has been found that each element of the natural gas infrastructure has a varying degree of acceptability to hydrogen concentration; however the determinant element affects the overall allowable hydrogen concentration. In the transmission network, compressors are the determinant element and have a limiting value of 10% hydrogen admixture. Distribution network and storage elements allow a 50% concentration of hydrogen. End use appliances have a tolerant range of 20–50%. The second portion of the study demonstrates the effect of hydrogen injection on gas quality, which reveals that an introduction of 2% hydrogen in the distribution network has negligible effect however a 10% hydrogen mixture affects the calorific value of the supplied fuel gas below the desired level.
Information spillover of bailouts

Abstract This paper investigates the information spillover effect of government bailouts. Analyzing money market funds’ dynamic enrollment status in the U.S. Treasury Temporary Guarantee Program in 2008, this paper finds that enrolled funds had overall positive fund flows, implying that the stability effect of bailouts outweighed the negative stigma effect. However, the already-enrolled funds experienced a relative reduction in fund flows after investors learned their funds had enrolled earlier than other peer funds (i.e., stigma effect). I address the endogeneity issue of funds’ enrollment status based on an instrumental variable approach. Overall, results show that investors extract useful information about financial institutions’ underlying stability from their demand for bailouts.
Changing Lives on the Border: Preparing Rural, Culturally Responsive Special Educators:

Arizona teacher education programs are largely concentrated in urban or suburban areas, with the majority of practicum experiences and student teaching placements located in the same metropolitan a...
The Structure of Ternary Alkali Graphite Intercalation Compounds

We have studied the structure of RbxK1−x C8 with x-rays. The major motivation of the work is to investigate the correlation in the positions of the alkali metal atoms in between the carbon layers. This is interesting because anomalies in the physical properties (magnetic susceptibility1, Raman-active M-point phonon frequency2, and elastic constant C 33 3 ) have been measured for x=0.67. Two different explanations have been proposed to account for these anomalies. Solin2 postulated that short range order of the alkali metal atoms can account for the Raman data. Akera4 argues that the Van Hove singularity in the density of states at the Fermi level gives rise to the anomalies in the data. X-ray evidence for short range order will help distinguish between the two models.
Pollination of a bee dependent forb in restored prairie: No evidence of pollen limitation in landscapes dominated by row crop agriculture

Restoration is used to conserve biodiversity; however, it is unclear to what extent restoration impacts ecosystem functions. Pollination is an ecosystem function that is critical to plant reproduction and thus restoration success. Few studies have assessed whether pollination is restored within restoration areas themselves. Plant–animal interactions may be affected by factors beyond the scale of the restoration. For example, surrounding landscape context may influence pollinator abundance and consequently the amount of pollen deposited. Decreased pollen receipt might then limit seed set. We hypothesized that in restorations surrounded by more agriculture, pollinator‐dependent forbs would experience greater pollen limitation. This would likely be due to declines in pollinator abundance within the restorations with an increase in surrounding agriculture. We deployed potted Chamaecrista fasciculata (Fabaceae), an obligatorily bee‐pollinated forb, and sampled bee communities in restored prairies in Minnesota, U.S.A. We measured pollen limitation by comparing seed set among open and supplementally pollinated plants. We also sampled native bees in seven of the eight sites. We tested for a relationship between proportion row crop agriculture (corn and soy) surrounding a restoration and pollen limitation, as well as an effect of agriculture on bee abundance. We did not find evidence that increasing proportion of surrounding agriculture negatively affected pollen limitation or bee abundance. Our results indicate that greater surrounding agriculture may not influence pollination of C. fasciculata through declines in pollinator availability, and suggest for some plants that landscape context might not limit pollination in restorations.
forgeNet: a graph deep neural network model using tree-based ensemble classifiers for feature graph construction

Motivation A unique challenge in predictive model building for omics data has been the small number of samples (n) versus the large amount of features (p). This 'n≪p' property brings difficulties for disease outcome classification using deep learning techniques. Sparse learning by incorporating known functional relationships between the biological units, such as the graph-embedded deep feedforward network (GEDFN) model, has been a solution to this issue. However, such methods require an existing feature graph, and potential mis-specification of the feature graph can be harmful on classification and feature selection. Results To address this limitation and develop a robust classification model without relying on external knowledge, we propose a forest graph-embedded deep feedforward network (forgeNet) model, to integrate the GEDFN architecture with a forest feature graph extractor, so that the feature graph can be learned in a supervised manner and specifically constructed for a given prediction task. To validate the method's capability, we experimented the forgeNet model with both synthetic and real datasets. The resulting high classification accuracy suggests that the method is a valuable addition to sparse deep learning models for omics data. Availability and implementation The method is available at https://github.com/yunchuankong/forgeNet. Contact tianwei.yu@emory.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An approach for broad molecular imaging of the root-soil interface via indirect matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract Understanding rhizospheric processes is limited by the need for imaging complex molecular transformations at relevant spatial scales within the root soil continuum. Here, we demonstrate a method to enable this analysis by first extracting organic compounds from the rhizosphere onto a PVDF membrane while maintaining their 2D distribution and then imaging the distribution of chemical compounds using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). This approach permitted us to visualize and identify compounds on the root surface and presumed root exudates in the rhizosphere. Within a 1.8 cm × 0.6 cm sampling area of a switchgrass rhizosphere, we could observe at least four chemically distinct zones. Using high performance Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, we were able to accurately annotate numerous molecules co-localized to each of these zones.
Evaluation of two commercial cytomegalovirus IgG ELISA diagnostic kits

Objective To evaluate the two commercial cytomegalovirus IgG ELISA diagnostic kits.Methods Anti-CMV quality control panel QTC711 and seroconversion Panel PTC901 from BBI,seroconversion panel SCP-CMV-001 (RP-003) and SCP-CMV-002 (RP-019) from BIOMEX,and 2163 samples from three population groups were detect by the two kits.The inconsistent sample were retest by Diasorin CMV-IgG ELISA kit and Mikrogen recomblot CMV-IgG kit.Results Three seroconversion panel result show that the average detected positive time of A kit is 25 days earlier than B kit,the sensitivity of A kit is same as Abbott Imx CMV.The two kits detect 607 pregnant woman samples,8 were inconsistent,the coincidence rate is 98.68％; 512 outpatients samples,7 were inconsistent,the coincidence rate is 98.63％ ; 1044 Pediatric population samples,74 were inconsistent,the coincidence rate is 92.91％ ; the coincidence rate of Pediatric group is lower than other two groups.161 negative samples detect by A and B kits,and 89 samples positive by A kit but negative by B kit,were retest by Diasorin CMV-IgG ELISA kit,the positive coincidence rate of A and Diasorin kit is 100％,negative coincidence rate is 93.64％,total coincidence is 95.62％ ; the negative coincidence rate of B and Diasorin kit is 100％,total coincidence is 68.92％,78 samples were negative by B kit.12 A and Diasorin kit detect inconsistent samples and 6 consistent samples were retest by recomblot CMV-IgG,14 results were positive,4 results were negative.Conclusion The detection window period of A kit is shoter than B kit.The coincidence rate of A and B kit for pregnant women and outpatient population is higher than pediatrie population.The inconsistent samples were retest by imported kits,A kit show high consistent with imported kit than B kit. Key words: Cytomegalovirus; Immunoglobulin G; Reagnent kits, diagnostic; Evaluation studies
The Many Voyages of Fateh Al-Khayr: Unfurling the Gulf in the Age of Oceanic History

In this article, I make the claim that the time has come to re-situate the Gulf historically as part of the Indian Ocean world rather than the terrestrial Middle East. I explore the historical potential of thinking “transregionally” – of what it means to more fully weave the history of the Gulf into that of the Indian Ocean, and what the ramifications are for orienting it away from the terrestrially-grounded literature in which it has long been situated. The promise of an oceanic history, I argue, is both academic and political: first, it opens up the possibilities of new narratives for the Gulf’s past, suggesting new periodizations, fruitful avenues of historical inquiry, and new readings of old sources. But more than that, an oceanic history of the Gulf allows historians to push against the discourses of nativism that have pervaded the public sphere in the Gulf States.
Investigation of Normal Cell and Cancer Cell Attachment and the Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Using an Electric Impedance Sensing Technique

This research introduces an application of an electric impedance sensing technique to investigate cell attachment of normal epithelial cells (HaCAT) and cancerous cells (A431) before and after addition of Ganoderma Lucidum (reishi). In this study, an impedance sensing system is used to measure and characterize real-time changes in electric impedance (resistance and capacitance) with respect to an alternating current (AC) applied to HaCAT and A431 cell colonies. The impedance data is related to the properties of cell spreading, attachment, and delamination. The effect of reishi at dosages of 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/ml on these cellular properties was inferred from impedance data. The initial impedance data show that resistance is greater for A431 cells than HaCAT cells and that capacitance for A431 cells is less than the capacitance for HaCAT cells. Further, the data shows the resistance for HaCAT cells and for A431 cells increases with time, and the capacitance for both decreases with time. The impedance data analysis shows that reishi plays no role in altering the impedance of the cellular matrix. At most, reishi serves as a lubricant to allow partial detachment and reattachment of HaCAT cell-to-cell bonds, thus reordering (< entropy) the cellular matrix. This effect is not seen in A431 cell colonies.
Exploring the gender wage gap among project managers: A multi-national analysis of human capital and national policies

Abstract The purpose of this study was to apply human capital theory to the project management profession and associated gender wage gaps across the globe. We used salary survey data from the Project Management Institute and multi-national pay data to investigate the relationships among human capital variables, national policy, salaries, and gender wage gaps. The results showed the project management profession consistently has a narrower gender wage gap than the national gender wage gaps. Using ANOVA and mediation models, we showed that the project management gender wage gap can be reduced in the presence of national anti-discriminatory laws and national human capital development – both of which raise women's salaries to reduce the gender wage gap among project managers in Westernized countries. However, the human capital theory did not apply to the gender wage gap among project managers in Non-western contexts. Other recommendations to reduce gender wage gaps include national and organizational policies such as prohibiting discrimination against women in hiring practices, skills training, career development, and educational opportunities. We concluded there is still more work to be done to achieve equal pay between men and women, even in the project management profession and especially in Non-western contexts.
Rabi oscillations, Floquet states, Fermi's golden rule, and all that: Insights from an exactly solvable two-level model

Rabi oscillations and Floquet states are likely the most familiar concepts associated with a periodically time-varying Hamiltonian. Here, we present an exactly solvable model of a two-level system coupled to both a continuum and a classical field that varies sinusoidally with time, which sheds light on the relationship between the two problems. For a field of the rotating-wave-approximation form, results show that the dynamics of the two-level system can be mapped exactly onto that for a static field, if one shifts the energy separation between the two levels by an amount equal to ℏ ω, where ω is the frequency of the field and ℏ is Planck's constant. This correspondence allows one to view Rabi oscillations and Floquet states from the simpler perspective of their time-independent-problem equivalents. The comparison between the rigorous results and those from perturbation theory helps clarify some of the difficulties underlying textbook proofs of Fermi's golden rule, and the discussions on quantum decay and linear response theory.