cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond the “Binge” threshold: Heavy drinking patterns and their association with alcohol involvement indices in college students

Despite its ubiquity, the term "Binge" drinking has been controversial. Among other things, the grouping of drinkers into a single risk category based on a relatively low threshold may not capture adequately the nature of problem drinking behaviors. The present study is an initial examination of the utility of delineating heavy drinkers into three groups; those who typically drink below the traditional "Binge" cutoff (less than 4+/5+ drinks per occasion for women/men), those who met traditional "Binge" drinking criteria, and a higher "Binge" cutoff of 6+/7+ (women, men). We examined differences in drunkenness, drinking frequency, and unique types of alcohol problems. Participants (N=356; 184 women) were regularly drinking college students at a mid-sized U.S. university who completed a battery of self-report measures including a calendar of daily alcohol consumption, and the 8-domain Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (YAACQ). Estimated Blood Alcohol Levels (eBALs) were calculated. We found that the standard 4+/5+ drink "Binge" cutoff distinguishes drinkers across some but not all indices of alcohol involvement. "Binge" drinkers differed from their "Non-Binge" counterparts on eBAL, but for other indicators (drinking frequency, total alcohol consequences), only "Heavy Binge" drinkers differed significantly from "Non-Binge" drinkers. Importantly, "Heavy Binge" drinkers experienced higher levels of those specific consequences associated with more problematic alcohol involvement. Findings suggest that not all "Binge" drinkers drink alike, are equally drunk, or experience similar consequences. As such, there may be utility in distinguishing among heavy drinkers, in order to focus appropriately on those at greatest risk for different types of consequences.
Design for symbiosis

Promoting more harmonious paths for technological innovators and expressive creators in the Internet age.
Epoxy toughening with low graphene loading

The toughening effects of graphene and graphene-derived materials on thermosetting epoxies are investigated. Graphene materials with various structures and surface functional groups are incorporated into an epoxy resin by in situ polymerization. Graphene oxide (GO) and GO modified with amine-terminated poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) (ATBN) are chosen to improve the dispersion of graphene nanosheets in epoxy and increase their interfacial adhesion. An impressive toughening effect is observed with less than 0.1 wt% graphene. A maximum in toughness at loadings as small as 0.02 wt% or 0.04 wt% is observed for all four types of graphene studied. An epoxy nanocomposite with ATBN-modified GO shows a 1.5-fold improvement in fracture toughness and a corresponding 2.4-fold improvement in fracture energy at 0.04 wt% of graphene loading. At such low loadings, these graphene-type materials become economically feasible components of nanocomposites. A microcrack mechanism is proposed based on microscopy of the fracture surfaces. Due to the stress concentration by graphene nanosheets, microcracks may be formed to absorb the fracture energy. However, above a certain graphene concentration, the coalescence of microcracks appears to facilitate crack propagation, lowering the fracture toughness. Crack defl ection and pinning likely contribute to the slow increase in fracture toughness at higher loadings.
A Stabilized Mixed Finite Element Method for Nearly Incompressible Elasticity

We present a new multiscale/stabilized finite element method for compressible and incompressible elasticity. The multiscale method arises from a decomposition of the displacement field into coarse (resolved) and fine (unresolved) scales. The resulting stabilized-mixed form consistently represents the fine computational scales in the solution and thus possesses higher coarse mesh accuracy. The ensuing finite element formulation allows arbitrary combinations of interpolation functions for the displacement and stress fields. Specifically, equal order interpolations that are easy to implement but violate the celebrated Babushka-Brezzi inf-sup condition, become stable and convergent. Since the proposed framework is based on sound variational foundations, it provides a basis for a priori error analysis of the system. Numerical simulations pass various element patch tests and confirm optimal convergence in the norms considered.
My journey toward mindfulness: a personal narrative.

The call for admission came on a Friday morning; Clarisa* was a term previously healthy 2-month-old girl with an apneic episode at home. This sounded like so many other “apparent life threatening event” admissions that we would admit for a day or 2, no episodes would occur, and we would discharge them with a diagnosis of likely reflux and educate the parents on the appropriate precautions. When first meeting the parents, I was struck by how earnestly they soaked up every word I said. They looked at me with unabashed trust when I explained how I realized that this was a scary time for them, and that we would do our best to uncover an answer and would not send them home until we and they were comfortable. Over the next 48 hours we diligently monitored Clarisa and, just as we expected, no episodes occurred. There were, however, a few puzzling things about her physical examination in addition to some abnormal laboratory tests. With each test we ran, her mother would listen attentively to our explanations and encourage us with a smile. “Do whatever you have to do,” she said. Rarely have I encountered a parent with such complete faith in our care and medical system. On rounds Monday morning, the intern presented Clarisa while I examined her. After palpating the infant’s abdomen, she began to cry. Her face turned red, then purple, then blue. Her cries became silent, and she went limp in my hands. Her mother, standing at the bedside, cried out, “She’s doing it again! This is what she did at home!” After a few seconds of trying to stimulate her without success, I asked the resident to call a code and proceeded with the resuscitation. Within 60 seconds, the room was flooded with people. As the …
The Amygdala Response to Emotional Stimuli: A Comparison of Faces and Scenes

As a central fear processor of the brain, the amygdala initiates a cascade of critical physiological and behavioral responses. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the human amygdala responds not only to fearful and angry facial expressions but also to fearful and threatening scenes such as attacks, explosions, and mutilations. Given the relative importance of facial expressions in adaptive social behavior, we hypothesized that the human amygdala would exhibit a stronger response to angry and fearful facial expressions in comparison to other fearful and threatening stimuli. Twelve subjects completed two tasks while undergoing fMRI: matching angry or fearful facial expressions, and matching scenes depicting fearful or threatening situations derived from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). While there was an amygdala response to both facial expressions and IAPS stimuli, direct comparison revealed that the amygdala response to facial expressions was significantly greater than that to IAPS stimuli. Autonomic reactivity, measured by skin conductance responses, was also greater to facial expressions. These results suggest that the human amygdala shows a stronger response to affective facial expressions than to scenes, a bias that should be considered in the design of experimental paradigms interested in probing amygdala function.
Recognition and development of academic talent in educationally disadvantaged students

Abstract We studied 36 students identified as “educationally disadvantaged” who scored above average on standardized achievement tests and completed a program to reinforce their academic skills in either language arts or mathematics. We pretested and posttested an additional (control) group of 28 students who received no instructional intervention. We found a significant effect of the instructional intervention for both achievement and aptitude test scores in language arts as well as mathematics. Gains in mathematics were significantly greater than in language arts. After instructional intervention, the majority of students were eligible and academically qualified for challenging gifted‐talented programs. These findings are consistent with two other similar research projects using the same instructional program and model, suggesting stability of results. We discuss implications of this study for identifying and developing academic talent in such a population.
Differences in Adenosine Triphosphate Dependency of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of α2-Macroglobulin and Insulin Correlate with Separate Routes of Ligand-Receptor Complex Internalization

Biochemical and morphological studies compared the ATP requirements for and the internalization routes of α2-macroglobulin and insulin in H35 hepatoma cells. Cellular ATP concentrations were decreased more than 94% by 1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol or 10 mM sodium azide, potassium cyanide, or oligomycin. ATP depletion decreased total cell-associated α2- macroglobulin 70–90% by inhibiting binding 67–77% and receptor- mediated internalization 90–96%. Under the same conditions, insulin binding was decreased less than 10%, and endocytosis and intracellular accumulation were not affected. Quantitative electron microscopic analysis of the distribution of occupied receptors on the surface of control and treated cells was performed using colloidal gold-labeled α2-macroglobulin or insulin. α2-Macroglobulin concentrated in and was internalized almost exclusively by coated pits. Insulin was rarely associated with coated pits, but was found in and internalized by noncoated invaginations. ATP depletion did not affect receptor...
Embeddings of root systems I: Root systems over commutative rings

Abstract This paper gives examples of embeddings of root systems of Coxeter groups, including sporadic embeddings of standard real root systems in other standard real root systems, and, for a general Coxeter group, an embedding of its universal symmetric root system over commutative rings into the standard real root system of a simply laced Coxeter group.
A Note on Rivlin’s Identities and Their Extension

An analytic method is developed for the derivation of a series of tensor identities that include Rivlin’s identities as a special case. The derivation is based on taking the derivatives of the Cayley–Hamilton equation. The identities generated involve multiple tensors on the n-dimensional vector space.
Biomarker geochemistry of black shales from Cretaceous oceans — An overview

Abstract Cretaceous black shales have an extensive distribution in the Atlantic and other areas of the world oceans. They are sediments rich in organic matter which were deposited in anoxic environments under various paleoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation. The literature is reviewed briefly and some type areas are examined using biomarker geochemistry to assess the sources and maturity of the organic matter and the paleoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation. These areas are the eastern Angola Basin, the Cape Verde Basin and eastern North Atlantic, the western North and South Atlantic, and the Pacific Oceans. Molecular marker indicators were identified in bitumens and in kerogen pyrolysates. In addition, bitumens were characterized by other geochemical techniques, thus delineating the terrigenous versus autochthonous sources and the paleoenvironmental preservation of this organic fraction. The kerogens were characterized by their elemental composition, stable carbon isotope composition, and by pyrolysis GC or pyrolysis GC—MS, including Rock-Eval, data. These parameters confirmed that the organic matter in sediments of the Cretaceous oceans was derived from several different sources, is relatively immature, and was preserved under various paleoenvironmental conditions.
Addressing public risks: Federal earthquake policy design

This article considers the design of federal earthquake policy as an illustration of the difficulties of addressing "public risks" when public indifference, despite general awareness of the risks, is the norm. The present federal earthquake policy attempts to overcome this indifference through strategies aimed at building local governmental commitment to risk reduction and improving nonfederal capacity to implement risk reduction programs. Because of the fundamental difficulties in influencing actions among less capable and willing jurisdictions, federal efforts have resulted in disjunctive impacts among seismic prone regions. Some "leading" communities have become more prepared, while other "lagging" communities in the same region fall further behind. The preferred approach for overcoming these gaps entails a mix of federally backed earthquake insurance coupled with development of local regulatory standards. More generally, strategies for addressing public risks entail modification of the policy tools for addressing such "private risks" as crime and job-related accidents. The changes involve mechanisms that shift from individual responsibility to shared responsibility for addressing the risks.
Cleft Lip and Palate

Patients who have cleft lip or palate face significant lifelong communicative and aesthetic challenges and difficulties with deglutition. Management of patients who have orofacial clefting requires an understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology associated with clefting and the developmental difficulties encountered by these patients. This article describes current surgical concepts and principles of cleft care. Advances in the embryology and genetics of orofacial clefting are also discussed. It is expected that the care of patients who have clefts will continue to evolve because of advances in the fields of tissue engineering, genetics, and fetal surgery.
Feedback Complexity and Practice: Response Pattern Analysis in Retention and Transfer.

Feedback effectiveness and efficiency were investigated using immediate and delayed memory retention or near-transfer tasks. One hundred twenty college age subjects in four experiments practiced 40 difficult vocabulary items. Data were analyzed from an information processing perspective that recommends the analysis of both correct response and error data when studying informative feedback and practice effects. Effectiveness and efficiency of informative feedback were defined in terms of correct response and error correctability data. Effectiveness was attested to by significant (p <.01) improvement on both memory retention and near-transfer tasks following practice with feedback. This was the case for performance on both immediate and delayed post-tests (p <.01). These results also provide partial support for previous findings of an inverse relationship between error correctability and complexity of feedback (Kulhavy, White, Topp, Chan, & Adams, 1985). These data address the efficiency issue. Feedback efficiency results are discussed in terms of a limited capacity model of general working memory (Baddeley, 1986).
On the effect of uncertainty in spatial distribution of rainfall on catchment modelling

The development of distributed modelling technology has been hampered by incomplete understanding of spatially-variable processes and the lack of adequate data to characterize spatially varying inputs and state variables. This seems to be particularly true with respect to rainfall fields. This paper examines the effect of uncertainty in spatial estimates of rainfall on predictions of runoff volume, peak runoff and sediment yield. This is achieved by applying a distributed runoff-erosion model to a 6.73 km2 catchment with a dense recording raingauge network in an area dominated by convective air-mass storm rainfall and infiltration-excess overland flow. Results indicate that the density of the raingauge network, the spatial arrangement of individual raingauges within the catchment, and the spatio-temporal characteristics of storm events all greatly influence catchment response predictions. The implication of this is that first, the utility of a spatially distributed approach to model catchment response is compromised by large uncertainties in the spatial distribution of rainfall input. Second, application of distributed catchment models may require knowledge of the spatial variability of rainfall at the same scale used to represent the catchment area and geometry. Third, estimates of areal rainfall using traditional techniques like the Thiessen method may be accurate at the catchment scale but they do not produce accurate estimates of rainfall for distributed catchment modelling.
Tumor and serum tamoxifen concentrations in the athymic nude mouse.

The athymic nude mouse has been used as an in vivo model for pharmacologic studies of the antiestrogen, tamoxifen. Serum and tumor tamoxifen and metabolite concentrations were examined during and after 100 and 1000 μg/day doses injected s.c. Tamoxifen and tamoxifen metabolites were quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Tamoxifen was detected in tumors after a dose of 100 μg/day, although serum concentrations were not detected. At a dose of 1000 μg/day, tumor tamoxifen and its active metabolites were detected in high concentrations ranging up to >6 mmol/g tissue. Serum tamoxifen metabolites were not detected at either dose. In summary, high doses of tamoxifen were required in the nude mouse to obtain clinically relevant serum concentrations, and significant tumor levels were achieved at doses that resulted in undetectable serum levels. The relationship between serum tamoxifen concentrations, tumor tamoxifen levels, and the biologic activity of the drug requires further study.
Pediatric heart failure and worsening renal function: Association with outcomes after heart transplantation

Background Renal function deteriorates in some children awaiting heart transplantation. This study was initiated to assess the effects of worsening renal function (WRF) on post-heart transplantation outcomes and to determine the effect of waiting-list associated WRF on survival after heart transplantation. Methods All children aged Results Of the 2,216 children included in the analysis, WRF occurred in 334 (15%) awaiting heart transplantation: WRF was mild (stage 1) in 210 (63%), moderate (stage 2) in 40 (12%), and severe (stage 3) in 84 (25%). All WRF stages were independently associated with in-hospital, post-transplant mortality: mild WRF with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–3.5); moderate WRF, 2.7 (95% CI, 1.1–6.7); and severe WRF, 3.6 (95% CI, 2.0–6.5). WRF was not associated with death after discharge (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9–1.7) at a median follow-up of 2.7 years. Conclusions WRF occurs in 15% of children awaiting heart transplantation and is associated with early but not late post-transplant mortality.
Psoriasis therapy: comparative studies with a hydrocolloid dressing, plastic film occlusion, and triamcinolone acetonide cream.

The efficacy of a new hydrocolloid dressing occlusion, alone or with 0.1% triamcinolone cream, was compared with triamcinolone acetonide alone or under plastic film occlusion in the treatment of localized plaque-type psoriasis. Thirty-eight patients were randomly assigned to one of four bilateral, paired-comparison treatment groups. Patients underwent 3 weeks of treatment, after which they were followed up for an additional week. After 3 weeks hydrocolloid occlusion with triamcinolone acetonide yielded a significantly better response than the cream alone or the hydrocolloid dressing alone, but the new dressing was comparable to a plastic film occlusive dressing of triamcinolone acetonide. After discontinuation of treatment, however, the sites that had been treated with hydrocolloidoccluded triamcinolone acetonide retained the better results. Topical steroids under hydrocolloid occlusive dressing may be a useful alternative to steroids alone for treatment of localized recalcitrant psoriasis.
A publication project at the undergraduate level.

Summary Faculty and project leaders believe this project indicates that writing for publication can and should be included in the undergraduate nursing curriculum as part of socialization in the professional role. They agree with Styles (1978) who, in identifying reasons for nurses to publish, emphasized: “The primary reason to publish is because the future of the profession depends upon it. (p. 29)
Effects of added casein on goitrogenic action of different dietary levels of soybeans.

SummaryThe goitrogenic effect of raw soybeans was seen in significant increases of both fresh and dry weights of thyroid glands when a diet containing 60% of beans was fed to rats, and a significant increase in the dry weight only of the gland when a diet containing 35% of raw soybeans was fed. The goitrogenic effect of 35% or 60% of raw soybeans in rat diets was obliterated by adding casein to the diets. This result was not attributable to iodine in the casein.
Evaluation of technique to overcome small dataset problems during neural-network based contamination classification of packaged beef using integrated olfactory sensor system

Abstract Similar to most biological studies, beef contamination classification studies using artificial neural networks are restricted to small datasets. This study evaluates multivariate normal (MVN) technique of synthetic sample generation on small datasets associated with Salmonella contamination in beef. Six experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of integrated sensor system towards identification of Salmonella contaminated beef packages. Pattern recognition involved using wavelet packet transform for feature extraction from sensor array responses and radial basis function network (RBFN) based classification of contaminated beef packages from uncontaminated packages. The MVN generated synthetic olfactory sensor signatures were used to train and test the RBFN classifiers. For the datasets analyzed in this study, genetic algorithm optimized RBF networks conferred average contamination test classification accuracies of 90.33% ± 7.68% (mean ± std. dev.) which were higher compared to the bootstrapped quadratic discriminant analysis based average accuracies. RBFN classifier based average overall classification accuracies of six synthetically generated datasets were in the range of 86.66%–98.89% with highest average overall classification accuracies of 98.89% ± 1.92%.
Conjugated linoleic acid induces apoptosis of murine mammary tumor cells via Bcl-2 loss

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a powerful anticancer agent in a number of tumor model systems; however, its precise mechanism of action remains elusive. Here, we report that t10,c12 CLA, a component of synthetic CLA supplements, induced apoptosis and G1 arrest of p53 mutant TM4t murine mammary tumor cells. Furthermore, t10,c12-CLA induced a time- and concentration-dependent cleavage of caspases-3 and -9, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. Levels of Bcl-2 protein were decreased both in total cellular lysates and in mitochondria after t10,c12-CLA treatment; however, there was no significant change in Bax or Bak. Overexpression of Bcl-2 attenuated apoptosis in response to t10,c12-CLA treatment. These results demonstrate that t10,c12-CLA triggers apoptosis of p53 mutant murine mammary tumor cells through the mitochondrial pathway by targeting Bcl-2.
Effect of Age and Month-of-Calving on Solids-Not-Fat and Protein Yield for Five Dairy Breeds

Abstract Lactation records of solids-not-fat or protein from herds enrolled in the National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program from 1966 through 1975 were used to study the effect of age and month-of-calving on milk, fat, solids-not-fat, and protein yields. Solids-not-fat data were in 183,282 records from 106,411 cows in 2215 herds in 41 states. Averages for Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Holstein, and Jersey breeds were 8.62, 9.04, 9.13, 8.54, and 9.36% solids-not-fat. Standard deviations among cows were .45, .43, .51, .45, and .64. Averages in 21,534 lactations were 3.37, 3.54, 3.64, 3.22, and 3.89% protein, and standard deviations were .20, .26, .27, .23, and .28. Effects of herd-years accounted for a similar percentage of variation in 305-day milk, fat, and solids-not-fat yields ranging from 23 to 45% in the five breeds. Removal of effects of age raised multiple correlation squared from 5 to 18% and month-of-calving effects from 2 to 4% beyond that for herd-year. Interaction of age by month-of-calving for Guernseys, Holsteins, and Jerseys only raised multiple correlation squared from .2 to .5%, nil in Ayrshires and Brown Swiss. Because of the limited numbers of records in some breeds, the interaction of age and month-of-calving probably should be ignored to allow more precision in adjusting main effects. Adjustment factors are given for solids-not-fat for four breeds.
Lessons from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial

Medicare coverage for lung volume reduction surgery has been approved recently by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for the treatment of severe emphysema. The scientific basis for this approval stems largely from findings of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT). The purpose of this article is to review the contributions of the NETT to the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Ligand-induced haptotropic rearrangements in bis(indenyl)zirconium sandwich complexes.

Addition of principally σ-donating ligands such as THF, chelating diethers, or 1,2-bis(dimethyl)phosphinoethane to η9,η5-bis(indenyl)zirconium sandwich complexes, (η9-C9H5-1,3-R2)(η5-C9H5-1,3-R2)Zr (R = alkyl or silyl), induces haptotropic rearrangement to afford (η6-C9H5-1,3-R2)(η5-C9H5-1,3-R2)ZrL adducts. Examples where L = THF and DME have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and revealed significant buckling of the η6 benzo ring, consistent with reduction of the arene, and highlight the importance of the zirconium(IV) canonical form. For the THF-induced haptotropic rearrangements, the thermodynamic driving force for ring migration has been measured as a function of indenyl substituent and demonstrates silylated sandwiches favor THF coordination and the η6,η5 bonding motif over their alkylated counterparts. In the case of chelating diethers, measurement of the corresponding equilibrium constants establish more stable η6,η5 adducts with five- over four-membered chelates and with smaller oxygen and ca...
Absorbing boundary condition for Bloch–Floquet eigenmodes

We present an absorbing boundary condition for electromagnetic frequency domain simulations of photonic crystals and metamaterials. This boundary condition can simultaneously absorb multiple Bloch–Floquet eigenmodes of a periodic crystal, including both propagating and evanescent modes. The photonic crystal or metamaterial in question can include lossy, active, anisotropic, and even bi-anisotropic inclusions. The absorbing boundary condition is dependent on an orthogonality condition for Bloch–Floquet eigenmodes, a generalized version of which is presented here. We test this absorbing boundary condition numerically and present the results.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC MONITORING DURING RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF THE NECK VESSELS.

Abstract EEGs were recorded at the operating room in 25 patients during 29 operations on the arteries of the neck for cerebrovascular disease. In twenty cases no EEG changes were observed and the post-operative course was excellent. In one case no EEG changes appeared at the time of operation, but a post-operative thrombosis developed. In three cases severe EEG changes consisting primarily of ipsilateral delta waves occurred. All these patients had post-operative neurological deficits. In one case rhythmic bifrontal delta waves followed by flattening was seen during exploration without clamping of the carotid artery. EEG recovery occurred in one minute and no neurological deficit ensued. These changes were attributed to carotid sinus hypersensitivity. In four cases with “mild” EEG changes (transient theta or intermittent delta waves) no neurological complications were observed. It is concluded that EEG is useful for diagnosis of cerebral ischemia in the operating room and for establishing prognosis of post-operative course. Operations performed under local anesthesia in patients with normal or minimally abnormal pre-operative EEG, without occlusion of the contralateral carotid or in whom blood flow in both hemispheres is not depending only on the artery being operated, have the best post-operative prognosis.
Modeling the indentation, penetration and cavitation of elastic membranes

An energy argument is used to predict the penetration of an elastic membrane by a rigid cylindrical indenter. We study a sequence of axisymmetric equilibrium deformations beginning with the indentation of a solid disc, followed by penetration of the membrane at a critical value of the indenter displacement, and ending in a state of cavitation in which the membrane is detached from the indenter and a central traction-free hole is maintained by boundary data alone.
Psychological and biological correlates of fatigue after mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.

Relationships between chronic perceived stress, cortisol response (area under the curve) and posttraumatic brain injury fatigue were examined with persons from outpatient settings. Seventy-five inj...
FERTILITY AND ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY OF SOVIET WOMEN

The study addresses itself to the question: If it can be shown that economic dependency of women is not associated with fertility, then what are the variables that favor their abstention from work outside home? Results based on an extensive statistical analysis of Soviet data bring into focus new evidence. It was found thateconomic dependency of women is associated with themarriage differential between sexes. This relationship is especially evident in the regions where birth rates are of a low order. In the geographic areas where fertility is high, the percentage of economically inactive women increases with an increase in the urban population portion in an administrative area. Five principal components of urbanization have been identified: (1) educational level, (2) increasing rates of marriage, (3) divorce, (4) equal educational status of women as compared with men, and (5) the rising proportion of economically dependent women in the 16–54 age span. Most of the data are based on the 1959 Census and vital statistics by administrative areas for the U. S. S. R. For analytic purposes these were sorted into 30 areas of low birth rates, 62 areas with moderate rates, and 48 administrative areas corresponding to the high-fertility region in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and in several autonomous non-Slav republics.
Anomalies of the cardiac valves associated with complete transposition of the great vessels

Abstract Eighty-eight specimens with complete transposition of the great vessels were studied to determine the frequency and type of associated valvular anomalies. The distribution of affected valves was tricuspid (3 cases), aortic (2 cases), mitral (13 cases), and pulmonary (13 cases). The 31 valvular anomalies were found in 23 cases of complete transposition. Anomalies of the aortic and pulmonary valves were bicuspid and unicuspid valves. Anomalies of the atrioventricular valves included atresia, cleft leaflets, accessory orifices, abnormal position or adhesion of leaflets to the ventricular septum and “parachute” deformity of the mitral valve. In 12 of the 23 cases of complete transposition with associated valvular anomalies, the anomalies were considered to be of a degree sufficient to effect a disturbance of cardiac dynamics.
Multi-scaffolding environment: An analysis of scaffolding and its impact on cognitive load and problem-solving ability

A Multi-Scaffolding Environment (MSE) is a multimedia environment reliant on authentic scaffolding. We examine the impact of the availability of multiple scaffolds on learning and cognitive load within an MSE where learners are assigned a real-world task and given access to four support tools to help them complete the task. By examining an MSE in the area of geographic literacy, we explore the effectiveness of problem-based learning and whether multiple scaffolding is applicable to any content area. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that a learner-controlled multi-scaffolding approach may be a valuable approach in problem-based learning contexts.
Speaking Up About The Dangers Of The Hidden Curriculum

A medical student’s fear of raising questions endangered a patient. Here, as a resident, he explores the dangers of this “hidden curriculum” with his advisers.
ECOP's Futures Task Force Report: An Overview

Extension currently is failing to keep up with societal changes. The primary problem of Extension appears to be, in my opinion, its present, functioning mindset, a mindset that seems to be one of survival rather than one of potential. We could say that the mindset of Extension appears to be more concerned with management than leadership; that is, more concerned with doing things right, rather than doing the right things. As a result, Extension seems to be missing much of the big picture and is beginning to slip in its role as a societal leader. To be successful in the future, Extension must decide to lead and then to do so with a vision and a boldness.
The Impact of a Professional Development Program Integrating Informal Science Education on Early Childhood Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Beliefs about Inquiry-Based Science Teaching.

This report aimed to measure the impact of a unique professional development program entitled Project ASTER III (Active Science Teaching Encourages Reform) on teachers’ self-efficacy and perceptions about inquiry-based science teaching. Project ASTER III enabled teachers to explore inquiry-based science teaching through exhibit-based hands-on/ minds-on investigations at a science museum and to develop a science curriculum aligned with museum exhibits and state and national science education standards. Quantitative data indicated that teacher beliefs were positively and significantly impacted by the professional development program and confirmed that programs like ASTER III are effective but need to be provided on a continuous basis to reinforce these beliefs in the teachers. Finally, three themes emerged from the analysis of the qualitative data from the participant journals: (1) impact on teacher understanding of inquiry, (2) increased confidence about science teaching, and (3) benefits of collaboration.
Candida glabrata Endophthalmitis Treated Successfully with Caspofungin

A 39-year-old man with Candida glabrata endophthalmitis was successfully treated with a 28-day course of intravenous caspofungin. Presence of underlying renal insufficiency and infection with a drug-resistant strain precluded use of amphotericin B or fluconazole. Intravitreal administration of antifungals and vitrectomy were not required. The role of caspofungin in Candida endophthalmitis is discussed. Both amphotericin B, often combined with flucytosine, and fluconazole have been recommended as preferred antifungals for treatment of Candida endophthalmitis on the basis of limited supportive evidence [1]. Unfortunately, use of these agents has been associated with poor outcomes, suboptimal intraocular penetration, toxicity, and emergence of drug resistance. We report a case of Candida endophthalmitis treated successfully with intravenous caspofungin, a novel echinocandin antifungal. A discussion of available pharmacokinetic and clinical data on the use of echinocandins in intraocular Candida infections is presented. Case report. A 39-year-old man underwent exploratory laparotomy for peritonitis secondary to a ruptured Meckel’s diverticulum. He experienced multiple postoperative complications, including small bowel obstruction, enterocutaneous fistula formation, and hepatic and renal insufficiency. The patient required extensive resection of his small bowel, and total parenteral nutrition was started. He then successively developed episodes of intravenous catheter‐related bloodstream infection
SARDNET: A Self-Organizing Feature Map for Sequences

A self-organizing neural network for sequence classification called SARDNET is described and analyzed experimentally. SARDNET extends the Kohonen Feature Map architecture with activation retention and decay in order to create unique distributed response patterns for different sequences. SARDNET yields extremely dense yet descriptive representations of sequential input in very few training iterations. The network has proven successful on mapping arbitrary sequences of binary and real numbers, as well as phonemic representations of English words. Potential applications include isolated spoken word recognition and cognitive science models of sequence processing.
La mascarada del vestir de Julia Thecla como un acto de resistencia

Este ensayo analiza el trabajo de Julia Thecla, pintora surrealista de Chicago, quien no es tan conocida dentro de la historia del arte. Cuando se aborda este tema dentro de la literatura especializada en historia del arte, la mayoria de los academicos han fallado en entender las implicaciones de la mascarada del vestir de Thecla, ya sea como bailarina, nina pequena, vaquera o pajaro, y las inusuales escenas de sus cuadros. En lugar de esto, se suele creer que las representaciones que Thecla hace de ninas y pequenos animales son escenas de un "mundo de fantasia", sin embargo se subestima el papel que juegan dichas representaciones como signos a traves de los cuales se podia crear un orden alternativo y autonomo, que no estuviera sujeto a la marginalizacion de las mujeres artistas que era caracteristica del periodo de Thecla. En este articulo se argumenta que si situamos la mascarada del vestir de Thecla dentro del horizonte teorico de Joan Riviere, Judith Butler y Linda Kintz, se hace evidente que los cuadros que Thecla pinto entre las decadas de los treintas y cuarentas del siglo pasado, sirven como un espejo y como un testimonio de su vestido en apariciones publicas, como una estrategia que tenia por fin principal el evitar la oposicion patriarcal a la presencia femenina en los ambitos comerciales y de la critica relacionada con el mercado del arte.
The Shield of Heracles: Multiple streams and the emotional endowment effect

What factors explain the persistence of emotion in public policy? Applying the multiple streams framework, it is hypothesised in this article that the more intense the fear and the longer it persists under high salience, task unfamiliarity and complexity, and inconsistent preferences, the less likely it is for policy to change. The study examines the Greek attempt to block international recognition of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (1990–1993) and finds the power to build coalitions through emotional arousal that in the short run helps reframe losses and paradoxically undermines political support in the long run. Illuminating the emotional endowment effect within the logic of appropriateness, the article concludes that policy is made under certain conditions on the basis of validating emotions.
Simultaneous Wind and Rain Estimation for QuikSCAT at Ultra-High Resolution

Although originally designed solely for wind retrieval, the QuikSCAT scatterometer has proved to be a useful tool for rain estimation as well. Resolution enhancement algorithms designed for QuikSCAT allow for ultra-high-resolution (UHR) (2.5 km) simultaneous wind and rain (SWR) retrieval. The principle advantage of UHR SWR estimation is that compared to conventional resolution, the higher resolution allows for identification of much smaller rain events and their effects on the wind field. To enable SWR retrieval, we adjust the geophysical model function to account for rain effects such as attenuation and increased backscatter due to increased surface roughness. Two possible rain models are proposed, a phenomenological rain model and an effective rain model. Both models are compared by evaluating data fit and rain estimation performance. Comparisons of a co-located data set show that QuikSCAT UHR SWR integrated rain rates are comparable to those from tropical rain measuring mission precipitation radar (TRMM PR) but have higher variance. Buoy comparisons reveal improved wind estimates in the presence of rain. The theoretic estimator bounds are compared to both the simulated estimator variance and the actual estimator variance. The estimator bounds indicate that despite high-noise levels, wind and rain information is still retrievable at UHR, although certain directions have degraded estimator bounds. Both rain models are compared to truth data and are shown to have comparable performance for most rain rates. Comparison with buoy measurements shows that in the presence of rain, QuikSCAT UHR SWR wind estimates have less bias and variability than wind-only estimates. Although QuikSCAT UHR SWR rain estimates are noisier than TRMM PR rain rates, they provide a useful rain flag for QuikSCAT winds.
Management of distributed applications in large networks

Rapid updating of any application is necessary to permit iterative design and development. This task is significantly complicated when an application is distributed. Rather than using the traditional methods of software dissemination and installation, the GRANDiose Distributed Application System permits authorized programmers around a wide area network to install and operate systems at remote sites. This is done using the facilities of GRAND, a test bed for distributed applications. The system is in experimental use on various wide area networks and LANs. >
Exertional rhabdomyolysis: Evaluation and management

Abstract Exertional rhabdomyolysis is a condition that is becoming more frequently diagnosed and of increasing importance to orthopedic surgeons. A delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious, even fatal, complications. We report a case of exertional rhabdomyolysis followed by a general discussion of this disorder along with its evaluation and management.
A microtubule-dependent zone of active RhoA during cleavage plane specification

Cytokinesis in animal cells results from the assembly and constriction of a circumferential array of actin filaments and myosin-2. Microtubules of the mitotic apparatus determine the position at which the cytokinetic actomyosin array forms, but the molecular mechanisms by which they do so remain unknown. The small GTPase RhoA has previously been implicated in cytokinesis. Using four-dimensional microscopy and a probe for active RhoA, we show that active RhoA concentrates in a precisely bounded zone before cytokinesis and is independent of actin assembly. Cytokinetic RhoA activity zones are common to four echinoderm species, the vertebrate Xenopus laevis, and the highly asymmetric cytokinesis accompanying meiosis. Microtubules direct the formation and placement of the RhoA activity zone, and the zone is repositioned after physical spindle displacement. We conclude that microtubules specify the cytokinetic apparatus via a dynamic zone of local RhoA activity.
Improved brain tumor growth prediction and segmentation in longitudinal brain MRI

In this work, we propose a novel method to improve the predication of brain tumor growth by fusing with the state-of-art tumor segmentation. The Glioma Image Segmentation and Registration (GLISTR) is known for joint segmentation and deformable registration of brain scans as well as tumor growth prediction using MRI. This paper, for the first time in literature, aims to improve the tumor growth prediction by integrating the growth patterns of different tissues such as necrosis, edema, and tumor obtained from GLISTR with our stochastic texture-based tumor segmentation methods using a joint label fusion (JLF) technique. We evaluate the proposed method using several adult longitudinal cases from the 2015 BRATS [1] dataset. The experimental results show difference of these tissues growth prediction by applying GLISTR and joint label fusion. ANOVA analysis suggests statistically improvement in the longitudinal tumor core prediction results.
The Multimedia Journalist in Large- Market Television Newsrooms: Can Old Dogs Learn New Tricks? Do They Want To?

This article examines the effect of the proliferation of the multimedia journalist (hereafter, MMJ) newsgathering model on reporters in large-market, local television newsrooms. This model requires one person to fill the roles of reporter, videographer, and video editor. The authors used a web-based survey of MMJs in the top 50 U.S. markets to gauge their reactions to—and the professional consequences of—working alone as opposed to working with a videographer. The results suggest many large-market reporters see the MMJ model as an inevitable outgrowth of advances in technology and increased news competition. However, they also lament that the trend leads them to believe they’re producing lower quality journalism. Most of the respondents say they are less satisfied with their jobs and some have considered quitting the business.
Regulatory properties of adenosine triphosphate-L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase of rat liver.

1. Double-reciprocal plots of the reaction velocity of yeast, rat liver and Escherichia coli ATP-l-methionine S-adenosyltransferases (EC 2.5.1.6) as a function of the l-methionine concentrations (under saturating ATP conditions) demonstrate downward deflexions from linearity for the yeast and E. coli adenosyltransferases and an upward deflexion for the rat liver enzyme. 2. The activities of partially purified preparations of rat liver ATP-l-methionine S-adenosyltransferase are enhanced by low concentrations of non-substrate analogues of l-methionine [e.g. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (cycloleucine) and l-2-amino-4-hexynoic acid], or by inorganic tripolyphosphate, an ATP analogue. When the concentrations of these analogues were raised further, the activity decreased. Double-reciprocal plots became linear in the presence of these modifier analogues. The inhibitions are common to all the l-methionine adenosyltransferases examined, but the activation(s) were only found with rat and mouse liver enzymes and not with enzymes obtained from several other tissues of these or other species. 3. The rate of formation of S-adenosyl-l-methionine bears a sigmoidal relation to the l-methionine concentrations when ATP is saturating. The activating effects of the l-methionine analogues and of tripolyphosphate are observed at low l-methionine concentrations, and become obliterated as the l-methionine concentration is raised. These findings are analysed in terms of various regulatory enzyme models.
Practice on Test of Stability of Pump Turbine Operation with No-load at Low Head

In accordance with practice on test of operation stability of a pumped storage power station with no-load,feasibility of stable grid interconnection of pump turbine operation with no-load through adjustment of the opening speed of wicket gates is verified.This provides practice of the stable operation of pump turbine with no-load.
Analysis on strengthening our country’s supervision of state-owned enterprises accounting

Accounting supervision, on the one hand can reflect the economic situation comprehensively and systemati - cally, on the other hand it can control and evaluate whether the economic events comply with the economic laws and the accounting standards. The financial supervision and evaluation are the basic functions of accountancy. Streng - thening accounting supervision is very important to the reform and development of state-owned enterprises and the evolution of market economy. In order to survive and prosper in the market, state-owned enterprises should take steps to establish and update the internal supervision systems. So, this paper first argues the necessity and the significance of strengthening accounting supervision. Second, it shows that there exist so many serious problems in our accounting supervision of state-owned enterprise. Finally, there are many solutions to strengthen the accounting supervision effi- ciently.