cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Reaction of CH3O2 Radicals with OH Studied over the 292–526 K Temperature Range

Reaction of methyl peroxy radicals with hydroxyl radicals, CH3O2 + OH → CH3O + HO2 (1a) and CH3O2 + OH → CH2OO + H2O (1b) was studied using pulsed laser photolysis coupled to transient UV–vis absorption spectroscopy over the 292–526 K temperature range and pressure 1 bar (bath gas He). Hydroxyl radicals were generated in the reaction of electronically excited oxygen atoms O(1D), produced in the photolysis of N2O at 193.3 nm, with H2O. Methyl peroxy radicals were generated in the reaction of methyl radicals, CH3, produced in the photolysis of acetone at 193.3 nm, and subsequent reaction of CH3 with O2. Temporal profiles of OH were monitored via transient absorption of light from a DC discharge H2O/Ar low-pressure resonance lamp at ca. 308 nm. The absolute intensity of the photolysis light was determined by accurate in situ actinometry based on the ozone formation in the presence of molecular oxygen. The overall rate constant of the reaction is k1a+1b = (8.4 ± 1.7) × 10–11(T/298 K)−0.81 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 (...
“The museum, cross-dressed as a museum”: Neo-Baroque language and peripheral activist aesthetics in El museo travesti del Perú

This article explicates the discursive strategies deployed by the curator of the Museo travesti de Peru (2008), philosopher, activist, and artist Giuseppe Campuzano (1969–2013), to explore theoretical intersections of national identity and globalization(s) and to appreciate a testimonial, Neo-Baroque, peripheral aesthetic that challenges and “decolonizes” the cultural history of peripheral genders and sexualities in Latin American countries like Peru. Through an analysis of the museum’s visual codes in its works of art and a discursive interpretation of the narratives framing those pieces, this essay demonstrates how the Museo travesti is an exaltation of difference and a critical agent for a citizenship of inclusion — a testimonial agent that activates and circulates works of art in order to not only promote knowledge of reality, but to transform that reality through effects of decolonization from the national periphery.
Smooth predictive model fitting in regression

We propose a smooth hypothesis-testing type method for model fitting in regression and develop its theoretical properties in a moderately high-dimensional setting. We derive the asymptotic behavior of the L 2 prediction risk and the optimal choice of the threshold-determining parameter under the Gaussian regression framework with orthogonal covariates. When the covariates are not orthogonal, this method can be used in conjunction with some reasonable procedures for orthogonalizing the covariates, such as a stepwise regression coupled with the Gram-Schmidt procedure. Simulation results show that our proposed method often outperforms its competitors. Asymptotic approximation of the mean square error of the proposed estimator is obtained and it is shown that the optimal rate of convergence depends on the behavior of the smoothing function at zero.
Plumbagin, a naturally occurring napthoquinone, is a specific inhibitor of the multidrug resistance-linked ABC drug transporter, ABCG2

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 2287 Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone), a naturally occurring napthoquinone, is known to modulate cellular proliferation, carcinogenesis, and radio-resistance and is also a cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective agent. It is found in the plants of the Plumbaginaceae, Droseraceae, Ancestrocladaceae, and Dioncophyllaceae families and is present in the roots, leaves, bark,and wood of English walnut, Persian walnut and black walnut. Recently it has been demonstrated to inhibit NF-kappa B activation pathway and therefore has also been suggested to have an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties. We, in this report, evaluated the effect of plumbagin on the function of multidrug resistance-linked ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, ABCG2. This transporter plays a major role in the impediment of cancer chemotherapy and is one of the reasons for the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Plumbagin specifically inhibited the ABCG2-mediated efflux of its substrate, mitoxantrone and had no effect on the ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein)-mediated efflux of rhodamine 123. Plumbagin had a higher IC50 value (20-25 µM) for ABCG2 expressing MCF7FLV1000 cells compared to the control MCF7 cells (7-10 µM) which suggests that it might be a substrate for ABCG2. The non toxic concentration (2.5 µM) of plumbagin was able to partially inhibit the resistance to mitoxantrone in ABCG2 expressing MCF7FLV1000 and MCF7AdrVp3000 cells. This inhibition of ABCG2 function was because of its competition with the substrate binding to the transporter as plumbagin inhibited the photolabeling of ABCG2 with the transport substrate, [125I]-Iodoarylazidoprazosin in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 5-7 µM. However, plumbagin had no effect on the incorporation of this photoaffinity analog in to ABCB1. In intact cells accumulation experiments with [125I]-Iodoarylazidoprazosin, plumbagin inhibited the efflux of this substrate from the ABCG2 expressing MCF7FLV1000 and MCF7AdrVp3000 cells. Plumbagin also stimulated the ABCG2-mediated ATP hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner and inhibited the mitoxantrone-stimulated ATPase activity of ABCG2 suggesting that it might share the substrate-binding site with at least mitoxantrone. Further more, it did not inhibit the photolabeling of ABCG2 with [α-32P]-8-azidoATP to ABCG2 suggesting that it does not interact directly with the ATP-binding site of ABCG2. In aggregate, these results demonstrate that plumbagin, a natural product compound interacts directly with the ABCG2 and it could potentially be used at non-toxic concentrations as a specific inhibitor of ABCG2 function.
Rheological Modeling of Thin Film Lubrication

Impressive strides through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been made in the modeling of thin film (nanometer-scale) lubrication. This mode of lubrication is likely to exist in MEMS applications. Furthermore, there have been many recent advances in experimentation from a pure science perspective -- the ability to perform meaningful tests on nano-meter-scale films. This convergence of MD and experiment has led to an optimism in scientific circles that the mechanisms of friction and boundary lubrication, studied for centuries, can soon be understood and predicted by first principles.
In Vivo Trigonal Measurements and their Relationship to Competence of the Ureterovesical Junction

In vivo measurements of the trigone were obtained in 73 children undergoing cystourethroscopy for evaluation of urinary tract infection with and without associated vesicoureteral reflux. These data revealed greater mobility or distensibility of the trigone in children with reflux. In addition, those children with large trigones had shorter submucosal tunnels. Bladder capacity was not statistically different between the 2 groups.
Information and its Efficient use in Decision Models

A decision model, which may arise in economics, management science, communication theory or any other applied field, has three basic characteristics that are common to all: an agent or a set of decision-makers (DM), their decisions made before or after an event observed and the environment in which decisions are made. Information or more generally the information set or structure is any knowledge that is relevant to the agent or the DM, in terms of his payoff, utility or loss function. Usually the information structure refers to the knowledge about the environment, which help or hinder the DM in arriving at the most satisfactory decision; it may refer also to the lack of knowledge of the parameters of the DM’s payoff function itself which may be partly subjective in character.
Expert Witness and the Legal System: Psychological Aspects

This article reviews expert testimony by psychologists within the United States legal system. Topics considered include the nature of expert vs. lay testimony, the process by which an expert is retained and used within legal proceedings, and the variety of roles the psychologist may play in civil, criminal, and family court. The admissibility of expert testimony is discussed, with special attention to the Federal Rules of Evidence and the cases of Frye vs. United States and Daubert vs. Merrill Dow Pharmaceuticals. Recent trends and developments in psychology and law such as increased professionalization and demands for research are also described.
Data and knowledge in database systems: relational databases

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) are widely used to store, manipulate, and query large data sets in a variety of applications. Complex application packages supporting human resource management, enterprise resource planning, and so on have been developed to run on top of RDBMS, and have helped to make RDBMS ubiquitous; virtually every major organization today relies upon an RDBMS to handle payroll, sales, inventory, and other mission-critical data. The underlying technology has been developed over the last three decades, and has proved itself in demanding situations involving vast data sets and requiring nonstop operations. We introduce the data model and query language used in relational systems. We also touch upon how an RDBMS stores data, optimizes and executes queries, handles concurrent requests, and recovers from system failures.
NFκB in Pancreatic Stellate Cells Reduces Infiltration of Tumors by Cytotoxic T Cells and Killing of Cancer Cells, via Up-regulation of CXCL12.

Background & Aims Immunotherapies are ineffective against pancreatic cancer. We investigated whether the activity of nuclear factor (NF)κB in pancreatic stromal cells contributes to an environment that suppresses antitumor immune response. Methods Pancreata of C57BL/6 or Rag1–/– mice were given pancreatic injections of a combination of KrasG12D/+; Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx-1cre (KPC) pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) extracted from C57BL/6 (control) or mice with disruption of the gene encoding the NFκB p50 subunit (Nfkb1 or p50–/– mice). Tumor growth was measured as an endpoint. Other mice were given injections of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) lung cancer cells or B16-F10 melanoma cells with control or p50–/– fibroblasts. Cytotoxic T cells were depleted from C57BL/6 mice by administration of antibodies against CD8 (anti-CD8), and growth of tumors from KPC cells, with or without control or p50–/– PSCs, was measured. Some mice were given an inhibitor of CXCL12 (AMD3100) and tumor growth was measured. T-cell migration toward cancer cells was measured using the Boyden chamber assay. Results C57BL/6 mice coinjected with KPC cells (or LLC or B16-F10 cells) and p50–/– PSCs developed smaller tumors than mice given injections of the cancer cells along with control PSCs. Tumors that formed when KPC cells were injected along with p50–/– PSCs had increased infiltration by activated cytotoxic T cells along with decreased levels of CXCL12, compared with tumors grown from KPC cells injected along with control PSCs. KPC cells, when coinjected with control or p50–/– PSCs, developed the same-size tumors when CD8+ T cells were depleted from C57BL/6 mice or in Rag1–/– mice. The CXCL12 inhibitor slowed tumor growth and increased tumor infiltration by cytotoxic T cells. In vitro expression of p50 by PSCs reduced T-cell migration toward and killing of cancer cells. When cultured with cancer cells, control PSCs expressed 10-fold higher levels of CXCL12 than p50–/– PSCs. The CXCL12 inhibitor increased migration of T cells toward KPC cells in culture. Conclusions In studies of mice and cell lines, we found that NFκB activity in PSCs promotes tumor growth by increasing expression of CXCL12, which prevents cytotoxic T cells from infiltrating the tumor and killing cancer cells. Strategies to block CXCL12 in pancreatic tumor cells might increase antitumor immunity.
Taming the Heterogeneity of Aggressive Lymphomas for Precision Therapy

Genomic analyses of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are revealing the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of these aggressive lymphomas. In part, this heterogeneity reflects the existence of...
Noninvasive optical assessment of resting-state cerebral blood flow in children with sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that has profound effects on the brain. Chronic anemia combined with both macro- and microvascular perfusion abnormalities that arise from stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels increased blood viscosity, adherence of red blood cells to the vascular endothelium, and impaired autoregulatory mechanisms in SCD patients all culminate in susceptibility to cerebral infarction. Indeed, the risk of stroke is 250 times higher in children with SCD than in the general population. Unfortunately, while transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) has been widely clinically adopted to longitudinally monitor macrovascular perfusion in these patients, routine clinical screening of microvascular perfusion abnormalities is challenging with current modalities (e.g., positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) given their high-cost, requirement for sedation in children p p = 0.012), consistent with expected anemia-induced compensatory vasodilation that aims to maintain adequate oxygen delivery to the tissue. Further, in a subset of patients measured with TCD ( n = 7), DCS-measured blood flow was correlated with TCD-measured blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery ( R s = 0.68), although the trend was not statistically significant ( p = 0.11). These results are consistent with those of several previous studies using traditional neuroimaging techniques, suggesting that DCS may be a promising low-cost tool for assessment of tissue-level CBF in pediatric SCD.
The business of peace: understanding corporate contributions to conflict management

Do private firms act beyond “business as usual” and proactively build peace? Firms are largely absent from the conflict management literature, despite studies suggesting their importance. What cond...
Adverse Effects of Chronic Alcohol Consumption

Chronic alcohol consumption has emerged as a leading cause of metabolic derangement in susceptible cohorts worldwide; ethanol has a high calorific value and excessive intake interferes with energy metabolism. It has a very high glycemic index, so the glucose homeostasis does not follow the normal physiological regulations in chronic consumption of ethanol. Chronic alcohol consumption is a global concern for its health issues. The detailed mechanism of alcohol-associated organ damage and health anomalies has been reviewed here. Almost all of its metabolic fates has minor to major impacts on any physiological process. The main rate-limiting markers of glucose homeostasis, i.e. NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, are physiologically misjudged in ethanol consumption; as a result, excess acetoacetyl CoA becomes engaged in ketone body formation resulting in ketoacidosis. Ethanol induced ROS production and antioxidant depletion resulting in necrotic tissue damage especially in the stomach, intestine epithelial cells, and liver. Increased oxidative stress causes vascular dysfunction, NO deregulation, peripheral vascular resistance, increased blood pressure, and aldosterone-induced hypertension. Ethanol manipulates intracellular phosphorylation regulations by influencing MAPK and inflammatory molecule, like TNFa and IL-6, and transcriptional stress factor like NF-κβ, Nrf-2, and Hif-α via redox signalling. Activation of lipogenic factors and PPAR signalling drastically increase body fat accumulation. Direct damage to the pancreatic cells generates insulin resistance. Synergistic effects of several metabolic malfunctioning develop insulin resistance, chronic hyperglycaemia, and abnormal fat accumulation.
Top Articles in Pediatric Hospital Medicine: July 2019 to June 2020.

The last academic year has been filled with discussions of inequality, overuse, and a chance to reflect on our own biases within medicine. As a field, we took a momentous step forward with the first set of physicians qualifying and sitting for the Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) Subspecialty Boards. This event, however, was embroiled with concerns around gender disparities and inequity, sparking petitions signed by thousands of physicians, and calls for accountability and transparency within our systems. Fast forward 4 months and the world was turned upside down in the face of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Pediatric hospitalists in locations like New York City converted pediatric units to adult units, precepted internal medicine residents, and within a period of weeks organized the Pediatric Overflow Planning Contingency Response Network. Finally, police violence, killings, and protests have brought systemic racism to the forefront as a public health crisis. We care for children regardless of their cultural backgrounds, gender orientation, and socioeconomic status (SES); as such, we as a community have the chance to play a critical role in instigating change for addressing and uprooting systemic racism. In this context, we have reviewed with a critical lens articles published from July 2019 through June 2020 to winnow down the expanse of literature over this past 12 months into the Top Articles for PHM (an annual presentation at the PHM conference). In undertaking this endeavor, we reviewed 11 925 articles from 19 journals (Table 1). We conducted this review in 3 steps, detailed in Fig 1. In the first step, we reviewed article titles and eliminated articles on the basis of a series of questions to broadly …
Physician and patient acceptance of policies to reduce kidney discard.

Despite the shortage of kidneys for transplantation in the United States, approximately 18%-20% of deceased donor kidneys are discarded each year. These discarded kidneys can offer a survival benefit to suitable patients. Revisions to the current kidney allocation policy may be needed to reduce deceased donor kidney discard. We surveyed transplant physicians and patients to assess their perceived acceptability of policy proposals to reduce the discard of deceased donor kidneys. Members of professional societies (AST, ASTS) and a patient organization (AAKP) were invited to complete the survey. Responses were obtained from 97 physicians and 107 patients. The majority of physicians (73.4%) and patients (73.8%) "somewhat" or "completely" accepted a policy for fast-tracking kidneys at risk of discard. Physicians and patients also supported returning a proportion of waiting time to patients who accept KDPI >85 kidneys and experience graft failure within the first 12 months, with 36% of physicians and 50% of patients electing to return 100% of the waiting time. The majority of physicians (75%) "somewhat or completely" accepted a policy to skip less aggressive centers for KDPI 90 + offers. Physicians and patients provided insights into factors researchers, and policymakers should consider in the design and implementation of these policies.
Treatment of Patients With Recurrent Coronary In-stent Restenosis With Failed Intravascular Brachytherapy

Intravascular brachytherapy (VBT) is an effective and safe treatment option for recurrent drug-eluting stent (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, the optimal therapy for patients with failed VBT is not well-defined. In this study, we sought to evaluate the optimal treatment strategy for patients after a failed VBT. Patients with recurrent ISR after an initial unsuccessful VBT were identified from our percutaneous coronary intervention database. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts (standard treatment with DES or balloon angioplasty versus repeat VBT). Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes during follow-up were extracted. A total of 279 patients underwent PCI after an initial unsuccessful VBT at our institution. Of those, 215 (77%) patients underwent standard treatment with balloon angioplasty with or without DES, and 64 (33%) underwent balloon angioplasty followed by repeat VBT. The mean age of the cohort was 64±11 years. Overall, 71% were men, 47% had diabetes, and 22% had heart failure. The majority (64%) presented with unstable angina. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. The rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization) was significantly lower in the repeat VBT group at 1 year (31% vs 14%, p = 0.03), 2 years (51% vs 31%, p = 0.03), and 3 years (57% vs 41%, p = 0.08). Target lesion revascularization and target vessel revascularization were consistently lower in the repeat VBT group at all follow-up intervals than in the standard treatment group. Treatment of recalcitrant ISR following an initial failed VBT is associated with a high MACE rate at 3-year follow-up. Repeat VBT is safe and effective and should be considered as the preferred strategy.
The Effects of Employment Shocks on the Self-Employed: Evidence from Discontinuities in Professional Golf

Employment shocks can produce persistent earnings losses, yet it is unclear whether these losses result from changes in productivity or labor market frictions. I estimate the long-run effects of a change in job quality on earnings and productivity by exploiting discontinuities in the rules governing membership on professional golf tours. Despite estimating large initial earnings effects, I find that these treatment effects quickly dissipate. Furthermore, I find no productivity effects from treatment. High job transition rates suggest that hiring and firing frictions are weak in golf and, thus, employment shocks have less persistent consequences than in the broader labor market.
SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS FOR TUNNEL SUPPORTS

An improved closed-form solution is developed for calculating tunnel support thrusts, moments, and displacements. The solution directly models the interaction of an elastic, circular support with an elastic, isotropic, infinite ground mass. The major improvements in this solution over other solutions in the literature are: (1)A revised formulation of the compressibility ratio; and (2)the incorporation of the correct excavation unloading conditions for mined tunnels. The sensitivity of the tunnel support loads to variations in the relative support stiffness, support cross section, Poisson's ratio, and initial lateral stress ratio is demonstrated using the revised solution; these results are also compared to those from two other solutions in the literature. Discrepancies of up to 100% are found in the support forces calculated from the different solutions.
Other HPV-Associated Cancers (Oropharyngeal and Penile)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as an etiologic agent in malignancies at several anatomic sites, including the oropharynx and the penis. The overwhelming majority of oropharyngeal and penile cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. It is estimated that approximately two-thirds of oropharyngeal cancers and half of penile cancers can be attributed to HPV infection. The incidence of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers is rapidly increasing in developed countries. Penile cancer remains rare in developed countries but constitutes a major cancer burden among men in developing countries. Compared with the general population, patients with HIV/AIDS are at increased risk for HPV-associated cancers, including oropharyngeal and penile cancers.
Effect of Dietary Fe to Cu Ratios on Hematological and Growth Responses of Broiler Chickens

A total of 2,640 broiler strain cockerels were used in three experiments to determine the interrelationships between Fe and Cu requirements of 1- to 21-day old broiler chicks. In each experiment, a starch non-fat milk basal diet was fed to chicks maintained in battery brooders beginning at 1 day of age. Maximum hemoglobin levels and packed cell volumes (PCV) of 21-day old chicks were found by feeding 80 parts per million (ppm) of dietary Fe and 8 ppm of dietary Cu from 1 to 21 days of age. The heaviest 21-day old chicks were found by feeding 80 ppm dietary Fe. Variations were found among experiments in the copper requirement based on body weight. The Cu requirement ranged from 8 to 16 ppm as indicated by 21-day old chick weights. A 10:1 dietary Fe to Cu ratio with an Fe requirement of 80 ppm appeared to maximize hemoglobin levels and PCV's of 21-day old broiler chicks; whereas, a 5:1 dietary Fe to Cu ratio, rather than a 10:1, 15:1, or 20:1 ratio, maximized 21-day old chick weights. Iron requirements for hematological and growth responses are essentially the same; however, the copper requirement may be slightly different for the two criteria.
Desparasitação intestinal sistemática em idade pediátrica: Uma revisão baseada na evidência

Objectives: To determine whether systematic intestinal deworming with anthelmintic medications in pediatric populations affects height, weight, cognitive and academic performance, morbidity and mortality in children. Data Sources: MEDLINE database, electronic evidence-based medicine websites and World Health Organization publications. Review Methods: A search for articles using the MeSH terms albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate, published between January, 2000 and March, 2011 was conducted. Some related citations were also included. The Jadad Score was used to assess the quality of randomized clinical trials. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale of the American Family Physician was used to assess the corresponding quality and strength of recommendations. Results: The search produced a total of 746 articles, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. These included three systematic reviews, one meta-analysis, four clinical trials and four clinical practice guidelines. In children living in countries with a high prevalence of intestinal parasite infection, deworming proved to be beneficial in promoting height and weight gain. With reference to cognitive development and school performance, no evidence was found as to the benefits of deworming. Studies show inconsistent results in terms of morbidity. However, there seems to be an improvement in median hemoglobin levels, as well as a decrease in anemia and diarrhea. Conclusions:There is evidence for the benefits of systematic intestinal deworming with anthelmintics in children living in countries with a prevalence of intestinal parasite infection higher than 50% resulting from soil-transmitted helminths (SOR B). In countries with a low prevalence of infection, such as Portugal, individual treatment based on a diagnosis of infection is recommended (SOR C).
Nitrogen deposition and carbon sequestration

From their 15N tracer results1 and an estimated deposition rate to forests of 5.1×1012 g nitrogen per year2,3, Nadelhoffer et al.conclude that about 0.25×1015 g carbon per year is sequestered by northern temperate forests. Their 15N-tracer measurements are robust but there is a problem with their assumption that they have simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition at forests by adding 15N tracers systematically to forest floors “in all cases”. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is actually intercepted by the forest canopy, particularly at the nine closed-canopy forests studied.
Casas Grandes and Its Hinterland: Regional Organization in Northwest Mexico

Casas Grandes and Its Hinterland: Regional Organization in Northwest Mexico. Michael E. Whalen and Paul E. Minnis. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2001. 250 pp.
Ethical considerations in reporting and publishing rehabilitation research

Phillip D. Rumrill Jr.a and James L. Bellinib Kent State University, Department of Educational Foundations & Special Services, 405 P White Hall, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242-0001, USA. Tel.: +1 330 672 2294; Fax: +1 330 672 2512; E-mail: prumrill@educ.kent.edu Syracuse University, Department of Counseling & Human Services, 259 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. Tel.: +1 315 443 9624; Fax: +1 315 443 5732
Inducing interactions with the CTD

Despite its simple repeating sequence, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II spatially and temporally recruits diverse factors to the site of transcription. A recent study reports observations consistent with an induced fit binding mechanism that is coupled to recognition of CTD proline isomerization and phosphorylation patterns.
Characteristics of the Unipolar Precordial Electrocardiogram in Normal Infants

The electrocardiogram should have as much clinical value in infants and children as in adults. Such value, as in adults, must depend upon an accurate knowledge of normal standards which change progressively during infancy and early childhood. Some of the more important measurements in the precordial leads of normal infants are presented and discussed. These measurements, the amplitude and the time of inscription of the intrinsic deflection, are believed to indicate the changing relationship between the mass of the right and left ventricles, and on the basis of these data it is also believed that an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy can be made at any age.
Bin covering algorithms in the second stage of the lot to order matching problem

We formulate the problem of effectively assigning semiconductor fabrication wafer lots to customer orders of various sizes, or the lot-to-order matching problem, as an integer programming problem. Our goal in this paper is to develop an efficient, practical method for solving this problem for various performance measures. Because of its complexity we decompose the problem into a knapsack problem coupled with a generalized bin-covering problem, and solve these subproblems sequentially using heuristic methods. We restrict our attention to solution methods for the less-common second subproblem, and analyze the performance of several heuristics using a data set representative of real situations in a semiconductor back-end. Based on this analysis, we show that these heuristics perform significantly better than current industrial practice in the context of the overall problem.
A ROOM TEMPERATURE BALLISTIC DEFLECTION TRANSISTOR FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS

The Ballistic Deflection Transistor (BDT) is a novel device that is based upon an electron steering and a ballistic deflection effect. Composed of an InGaAs-InAlAs heterostructure on an InP substrate, this material system provides a large mean free path and high mobility to support ballistic transport at room temperature. The planar nature of the device enables a two step lithography process, as well, implies a very low capacitance design. This transistor is unique in that no doping junction or barrier structure is employed. Rather, the transistor utilizes a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) to achieve ballistic electron transport in a gated microstructure, combined with asymmetric geometrical deflection. Motivated by reduced transit times, the structure can be operated such that current never stops flowing, but rather is only directed toward one of two output drain terminals. The BDT is unique in that it possesses both a positive and negative transconductance region. Experimental measurements have indicated that the transconductance of the device increases with applied drain-source voltage. DC measurements of prototype devices have verified small signal voltage gains of over 150, with transconductance values from 45 to 130 mS/mm depending upon geometry and bias. Gate-channel separation is currently 80nm, and allows for higher transconductance through scaling. The six terminal device enables a normally differential mode of operation, and provides two drain outputs. These outputs, depending on gate bias, are either complementary or non-complementary. This facilitates a wide variety of circuit design techniques. Given the ultralow capacitive design, initial estimates of ft, for the device fabricated with a 430nm gate width, are over a THz.
Hindbrain herniation syndromes: The Chiari malformations (I and II)

Hindbrain hernias with or without hydrosyringomyelia were difficult diagnostic problems before the availability of magnetic resonance imaging. Today, the problem seems not to be in evaluating the anatomical extent of the caudal herniation of the cerebellum, but in determining which patient should be considered for operative intervention and the extent of the surgery. Chiari, I patients are presenting at younger ages, occasionally with irritability as their only symptom. Should all of these children be submitted to an operation? Chiari II patients are now operated on with the first detectable symptom or evidence of a syrinx, and yet medullary dysfunction from the Chiari II malformation remains the leading cause of death in treated myelomeningoceles today. Our knowledge of the natural history of the untreated conditions and the increased safety, of the operation has made surgical intervention a much more viable option for this group of patients.
The effect of impurity on the deformation and fracture behavior in vanadium-20 wt.% titanium alloys

Vanadium alloys are considered as candidate materials for fusion nuclear reactors because of their low activation. It is well recognized that the mechanical properties of solid solution strengthened V alloys containing Ti, Cr, Nb or Ta are strongly influenced by the amount of interstitial impurities like H, C and O. Among the various interstitial solute, the presence of H produces a larger shift in the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) to higher temperatures in the V alloys. A study on the individual and combined effects of P or S and neutron irradiation (10{sup 25} n/m{sup 2} at 438 C) or H on the ductility and DBTT in V-20 wt.% Ti alloys has been recently undertaken using a small punch (SP) testing technique. This is a companion paper of the above mentioned work. The deformation and fracture behavior in V-20 wt.% Ti alloys with different levels of impurities (S, C and O) is studied by means of the SP testing method together with scanning Auger microprobe (SAM).
Lead in human tissues.

Abstract Tissues from 46 white males from the Cincinnati area have been analyzed for lead content. Tissue sections and procedures were standardized and detailed information was obtained in order to account for variables such as age, postmortem changes, type of death and pathological conditions. This report focuses on the lead concentrations found in 29 tissues from each person deceased, including their changes with age, and compares the results with those found in the literature. Although lead concentrations in calcified tissues increased with age, in several tissues the lead concentrations decreased. Some of these decreases were associated with aging and pathological changes. Dense bone lead content increased steadily with age, while spongy bone lead leveled off or decreased in later years. The apparent body burden of lead of this population sample was less than that reported by others. Many of these individuals (70% or more) seemed to be in lead balance with their environment.
The chemical durability of tektites—A laboratory study and correlation with long-term corrosion behavior

Leach tests carried out on tektite specimens (indochinites and australites) under high-dilution conditions show a common behavior characterized by low leach rates (0.00018 g/sq m per d, or 7.2 x 10 to the -12th m/d at 23 C) and an activation energy of (79,600 + or - 700 J/mol). The extent of selective leaching is very small, of the order of 10 to the -8th m. Extrapolation of test results over the lifetime of the tektites gives an excellent agreement with field observations on the extent of corrosion, and this is an important step in establishing the validity of laboratory tests as a basis for the development of models and predictions concerning long-term durabilities at least in the limiting case of high dilution or rapid flow. The results are also shown to be in agreement with various previous observations on the corrosion resistance of tektites. The chemical durability of tektites is observed to be consistent with their composition, highlighting requirements of high corrosion resistance in glasses; these requirements include a silica content in excess of 67 mol percent, an extremely low water content, and an alkali content which is low both absolutely and relative to the di- and poly-valent metal oxide levels. It is shown that artificial glasses which fulfil these criteria are no less corrosion-resistant than the corresponding natural glasses. These conclusions have bearing on the development, as well as on the evaluation, of glasses intended for very long service, such as radioactive waste vitrification media.
Irrational exuberance: Neoliberal subjectivity and the perversion of truth.

Drawing on Freud's late work, I argue that the social traumas created by neoliberalism bring about perverse modes of subjectivity. When a truth is too painful to bear, Freud argues, we substitute for truth a less painful lie, a disavowal that, when regularly practiced, can issue in perversion. I argue that irrational exuberance, the shared delusion in the United States that, for example, housing prices and the stock market must always go up, ought not be attributed to the greed of ‘human nature’ but rather must be understood in its social context: as a response to the abandonment of the citizenry by government and by the free market fundamentalism that, after the mid-1970s, no longer provided even the bare minimum of security and safety offered by the US form of the welfare state. Clinical material illustrates some of the ways that neoliberal versions of subjectivity appear in symptoms and in the relational dynamics of treatment.
Ethnic inclusiveness in public relations textbooks and reference books

This article examines the representation of minorities in public relations textbooks and reference books used on college campuses during the last decade (1979–1988), A total of 60 books, comprising 21,841 pages, were examined. Of those pages, 152 (0.7%) contained information about non‐whites or issues affecting their various groups. A total of 85 authors either wrote or edited the 60 books examined. Of that total only 1 (1.2%) non‐white author was found. The researcher concluded that the representation of ethnic groups in public relations texts was dismally low.
A study of factors that influence zirconia/platinum interfacial impedance using equivalent circuit analysis

Abstract An equivalent circuit model based on complex impedance analysis was proposed to characterize the zirconia electrochemical cell, and to correlate the performance of the cell with the material set and processing parameters. The empirical model that emerged is an extension of previous models [1] , [2] and was derived from a series of fabrication experiments. The resulting model can be used to describe the conduction mechanisms of zirconia grain and grain boundaries, along with components of the zirconia/platinum interfacial and electrode conduction, the porosity and roughness of the electrode, and the diffusion characteristics within electrode and at the interface. The model can be utilized to predict the performance of the zirconia cell, and to gain a better understanding of the impact of the materials and processing parameters so as to optimize the fabrication process for planar-type sensors.
Learning and memory disabilities in young adult rats from mildly zinc deficient dams

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to test the behavior of the offspring of rat dams (ZD) fed a mildly zinc deficient diet (10.0 μg Zn/g) during pregnancy and lactation. Since zinc deficiency causes anorexia, a second group of rat dams (PF) was fed the same quantity of the diet during gestation and lactation as was consumed by their ZD mates. A third group of rats (AL) was fed the diet ad lib during gestation and lactation. The PF and AL dams were given zinc supplemented (25.0 μg Zn/ml) drinking water whereas the ZD dams were given double distilled, deionized drinking water. After weaning, the offspring of all dams were fed Purina Laboratory Chow ad lib until they were 100 days old. The offspring were then reduced to 85% of their ad lib weight and tested on a 17-arm radial maze for memory and learning. In Experiments 1 and 2, the ZD males suffered a significant learning deficit when compared to the AL males. Whereas the PF males suffered a significant learning impairment in Experiment 1, the learning deficit of the PF group was not as severe as the deficit of the ZD group. There was no impairment in reference (long-term) memory for any of the groups. In Experiment 3, significant differences in working (short-term) memory were found among the three groups of females. The ZD group was significantly inferior in working memory when compared to the PF and AL groups. No significant differences in working memory were found between the PF and AL groups.
Kirkendall Effect and Lattice Contraction in Nanocatalysts: A New Strategy to Enhance Sustainable Activity

Core-shell nanoparticles increasingly are found to be effective in enhancing catalytic performance through the favorable influence of the core materials on the active components at the surface. Yet, sustaining high activities under operating conditions often has proven challenging. Here we explain how differences in the components' diffusivity affect the formation and stability of the core-shell and hollow nanostructures, which we ascribe to the Kirkendall effect. Using Ni nanoparticles as the templates, we fabricated compact and smooth Pt hollow nanocrystals that exhibit a sustained enhancement in Pt mass activity for oxygen reduction in acid fuel cells. This is achieved by the hollow-induced lattice contraction, high surface area per mass, and oxidation-resistant surface morphology--a new route for enhancing both the catalysts' activity and durability. The results indicate challenges and opportunities brought by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect for designing, at the atomic level, nanostructures with a wide range of novel properties.
Ocean floor222Rn standing crops in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Abstract Excess 222 Rn standing crops have been calculated from bottom profiles obtained at 119 locations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during the GEOSECS cruises. They range over more than two orders of magnitude with clear north-south and east-west patterns. The standing crops are inversely related to the sedimentation rate and the zones of highest standing crops are also areas which have a high coverage of manganese nodules.
Acute Damage to Synaptic Ribbons Differentially Affects Evoked and Spontaneous Neurotransmitter Release from Rod Bipolar Cells

Ribbon synapses are features of non-spiking tonic releasing cells of the retina and inner ear. These synapses are named for their electron dense synaptic ribbons, which tether an abundance of synaptic vesicles near release sites. Here, we used illumination of fluorescein-tagged ribbon-binding peptides to acutely damage synaptic ribbon function in mouse rod bipolar cells using fluorophore assisted light inactivation (FALI), while monitoring neurotransmitter release from a post-synaptic AII amacrine cell. Illumination of ribbon-targeted peptides, but not scrambled controls, revealed an immediate drop in the frequency and amplitude of mEPSCs at −60 mV without effect on the event kinetics, whereas the amplitude of the first EPSC evoked by a step to −10 mV for 100 ms was unaltered. These results suggest that two independent ribbon-associated pools of vesicles contribute to release at −60 mV and in response to steps to −10 mV. Our results are also consistent with a role for the ribbon in coordinating multivesicular release.
Complications rates of ICD therapy: The role of gender

Background: Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) continue to expand, yet few data compare procedural outcome by gender. Data from recent randomized trials potentially indicate more benefit from ICDs for men than women but reasons for this remain unclear. The present analysis evaluates complication rates of dual chamber ICD implants by gender from a large ICD patient cohort. The INTRINSIC RV study is an international multi-center trial evaluating a single chamber (VVI-40) versus a dual chamber (DDDR 60-130 with AV Search Hysteresis) pacing strategy in ICD patients. Methods: All patients (n 1557) from 108 centers underwent non-thorocotomy (subclavicular) transvenous implantation of a Guidant Vitality AVT dual chamber ICD as part of the INTRINSIC RV study. Leads were placed in the right ventricle and right atrium. Complications were any event requiring invasive treatment. Complications were classified as system(pulse generator or lead system), implant procedure-, or cardiovascular-related events. Results: Nineteen-percent (n 298) of the patients were women and the mean age was 66 12 years; mean length of follow up was 200 days for men and 193 days for women (p n.s.). The total complication rate reported was 141 events among 113 patients. There were 42 system-related complications reported in 34 patients. The overall complication rates per patient/year of follow-up were 0.15 in men vs. 0.23 in women (p 0.07); after controlling for age and BMI, p 0.11. The system-related rates per patient/year were 0.041 in men and 0.089 in women (p 0.04); after controlling for age and BMI, p 0.06. Conclusion: This is the first large trial using modern implant techniques to evaluate ICD complication rate by gender. Total complications were the same for men and women. Although an uncommon problem, systemrelated complication rates were higher in woman than men but were somewhat moderated by age and BMI.
Low-temperature, high-performance, solution-processed indium oxide thin-film transistors.

Solution-processed In2O3 thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by a spin-coating process using a metal halide precursor, InCl3, dissolved in acetonitrile. A thin and uniform film can be controlled and formed by adding ethylene glycol. The synthesized In2O3 thin films were annealed at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 °C in air or in an O2/O3 atmospheric environment. The TFTs annealed at 500 °C under air exhibited a high field-effect mobility of 55.26 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an Ion/Ioff current ratio of 107. In2O3 TFTs annealed under an O2/O3 atmosphere at temperatures from 200 to 300 °C exhibited excellent n-type transistor behaviors with field-effect mobilities of 0.85−22.14 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/Ioff ratios of 105−106. The annealing atmosphere of O2/O3 elevates solution-processed In2O3 TFTs to higher performance at lower processing temperature.
Lentiviral vectors ready for prime-time

The first clinical trial of a lentiviral vector highlights the promise of this new class of gene-therapy vector.
Parity violation in type-I superstring graviton exchange.

We evaluate the double-twisted, parity-violating, one-loop, six-point function with external gauge bosons in type-I superstring theory. Potential unitarity-violating branch points are shown to cancel to this order, thus preserving the particle interpretation of intermediate graviton poles.
Inferring extinction in a declining population

This note describes a test for extinction in a declining population based on a record of sightings. The test assumes that, prior to extinction, the sightings follow a Poisson process with decreasing rate function. An application to a sighting record of the black-footed ferret is presented.