cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational Rhinitis: an Update

Occupational rhinitis is characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and/or sneezing that occur secondary to exposures in the workplace. This disease can be classified into allergic or nonallergic subgroups based upon the underlying disease pathogenesis as well as the type of causative agent. While the true prevalence of occupational rhinitis is unknown, there are certain professions and occupational exposures that place workers at a higher risk for developing the disease. Additionally, occupational rhinitis can be associated with occupational asthma and upper airway symptoms may precede those of the lower respiratory tract. Taken together, occupational rhinitis is an important disease for study given its medical as well as socioeconomic implications. This review will focus on the classification of occupational rhinitis as well the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Systemic to pulmonary anastomosis in truncus arteriosus with reduced pulmonary blood flow.

Abstract Persistent truncus arteriosus is not a common anomaly. Two percent of children with potentially correctable variants (types I, II and III) have reduced rather than increased pulmonary blood flow. It is possible to provide palliation for such infants with a systemic to pulmonary anastomosis, allowing them the chance for a second stage total correction at a later age. Such a palliative procedure is described in a 6 day old infant with cyanosis.
Helping behavior and the transfer of empathy.

Summary High school students who had been pretested on the Mehrabian and Epstein measure of empathy were shown a brief videotaped presentation designed to elicit empathic arousal for a particular group of children (mentally retarded or crippled). Each individual was subsequently given an opportunity to help a recipient group which was identified as either (a) the same group of children who had been previously described in the presentation or (b) a different group. Individuals in the control group were shown a presentation of an affectively-neutral topic prior to the opportunity to help. Highly empathic adolescents were found to be more helpful than their relatively less empathic counterparts. Moreover, the findings indicated that empathy for a particular target, once aroused, may “transfer” and subsequently enhance prosocial behaviors enacted for recipients who may not have served as the original source of the individual's concern.
Prompt γ-rays from 206Pb following neutron emission from muonic 207Pb

Abstract We have measured the energies and intensities of prompt γ-rays from 206Pb that follow neutron emission from muonic 207Pb. For the levels at 803, 1704 and 2648 keV we deduce muonic isomer shifts. By comparing the relative and absolute yields of the γ-rays with the intensities of neutron groups observed in (γ, n) reactions, we find that roughly 50% of the prompt neutrons from muonic 207Pb result from radiationless deexcitation of atomic levels with n $ = 4 .
Balancing Optimal Assessment with Part-Time Faculty Participation: A Discipline's Dilemma

Part-time faculty need to be brought into the student learning outcomes assessment loop not only to help accreditation, but because they, like full-time faculty, can benefit from assessment. When part-time faculty are not participating in assessment, a sizable percentage of courses are being less effectively taught than they could be. In an attempt to increase part-time faculty in discipline-level assessment at Norco College, we experimented with several assessments that required varied levels of effort by part-time faculty. This piece discusses our experience. We found that peer mentoring and communication were better predictors of part-time faculty participation than stipends, adaptable assessment prompts, or administrative pressure.
Gas—liquid equilibrium in mixtures of methane + m-xylene, and methane + m-cresol

Abstract Simnick, J.J., Sebastian, H.M., Lin, H.M. and Chao, K.C., 1979. Gas—liquid equilibrium in mixtures of methane + m-xylene, and methane + m-cresol. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 3: 145–151. Compositions of saturated equilibrium liquid and vapor phases are determined in a flow apparatus for methane + m-xylene mixtures at 190, 230, 270, and 310° C and up to 200 atm 1 ; and for methane + m-cresol at 190, 270, 350, and 390° C and up to 250 atm.
Ethionine Inhibition and Morphogenesis of Excised Tomato Roots

Replacement of the terminal methyl group of methionine by an ethyl group gives the substance ethionine. Ethionine has been shown to be an antimetabolite of methionine in a number of biological systems in that inhibition by ethionine is reversed by methionine (16, 35). The precise mode of action is not certain; it probably varies from one organism to another. Present evidence from work on animals (11, 14, 16, 26, 27, 35) indicates that ethionine exerts inhibitory effects upon 1 ) transmethylation, 2) conversion of methionine to cystine, 3) the lipotropic activity of methionine, 4) the incorporation of amino acids into proteins, and 5) the formation of certain adaptive enzymes. A recent report (20) attributes the inhibitory effect on transmethylation to the formation of S-adenosylethionine, which serves as an ethyl donor, with the consequent formation of various ethyl analogs of metabolites which are normally formed as a consequence of transmethylation from S-adenosylmethionine. This paper records effects, inhibitory and otherwise, of ethionine on the growth of excised tomato roots in sterile culture. The effects of some antagonistic substances are also described. The purpose of the experiments was to obtain information regarding the possible metabolic relationships and physiological importance of methionine in the excised tomato root. The main interest is in the morphogenetic consequences of controlling methionine metabolism in the root. A general discussion of growth and growth correlations, upon which the morphogenesis of the excised tomato root depends. is presented elsewhere (7). The present work, which has been presented in a preliminary report (5), is, to mv knowledge. the only record of the effects of ethionine on growth of plants, other than microorganisms. An exception is a paper by Schrank (22) who showed that the inhibition of growth of oat coleoptile cells by ethionine was reversed by methionine.
Strong Parties and Lame Ducks: Presidential Partyarchy and Factionalism in Venezuela

This bold and comprehensive reassessment of democracy in Venezuela explains why one of the oldest and most admired democracies in Latin America became fragile after more than three decades of apparent stability.
Exchange rates and prices: revisiting Granger causality tests

This paper examines whether causal relationships exist between exchange rates and prices for the United States and its trading partners: Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Our empirical methods of focus do not impose the controversial purchasing power parity (PPP) assumption, yet we find that imposing PPP via an error correction system largely confirms our other findings. Our results suggest that exchange rates have Granger caused wholesale prices for all four U.S. trading partners, and there is considerable evidence that the opposite is true for Canada and Japan. In general, we find no causal relationships between consumer prices and exchange rates. Because Granger (non)causality may be due to omitted variables, we discuss this issue in the context of exchange rates and prices.
Conformational Heterogeneity in the C-terminal Zinc Fingers of Human MTF-1 AN NMR AND ZINC-BINDING STUDY

The human metalloregulatory transcription factor, metal-response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1), contains six TFIIIA-type Cys2-His2 motifs, each of which was projected to form well-structured ββα domains upon Zn(II) binding. In this report, the structure and backbone dynamics of a fragment containing the unusual C-terminal fingers F4–F6 has been investigated. 15N heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) spectra of uniformly 15N-labeled hMTF-zf46 show that Zn(II) induces the folding of hMTF-zf46. Analysis of the secondary structure of Zn3 hMTF-zf46 determined by13Cα chemical shift indexing and the magnitude of3 JHα-HN clearly reveal that zinc fingers F4 and F6 adopt typical ββα structures. An analysis of the heteronuclear backbone 15N relaxation dynamics behavior is consistent with this picture and further reveals independent tumbling of the finger domains in solution. Titration of apo-MTF-zf46 with Zn(II) reveals that the F4 domain binds Zn(II) significantly more tightly than do the other two finger domains. In contrast to fingers F4 and F6, the ββα fold of finger F5 is unstable and only partially populated at substoichiometric Zn(II); a slight molar excess of zinc results in severe conformational exchange broadening of all F5 NH cross-peaks. Finally, although Cd(II) binds to apo-hMTF-zf46 as revealed by intense S−→Cd(II) absorption, a non-native structure results; addition of stoichiometric Zn(II) to the Cd(II) complex results in quantitative refolding of the ββα structure in F4 and F6. The functional implications of these results are discussed.
Exact performance of concatenated quantum codes

When a logical qubit is protected using a quantum error-correcting code, the net effect of coding, decoherence (a physical channel acting on qubits in the codeword) and recovery can be represented exactly by an effective channel acting directly on the logical qubit. In this paper we describe a procedure for deriving the map between physical and effective channels that results from a given coding and recovery procedure. We show that the map for a concatenation of codes is given by the composition of the maps for the constituent codes. This perspective leads us to an efficient means for calculating the exact performance of quantum codes with arbitrary levels of concatenation. We present explicit results for single-bit Pauli channels. For certain codes under the symmetric depolarizing channel, we use the coding maps to compute exact threshold error probabilities for achievability of perfect fidelity in the infinite concatenation limit.
Defining the Locus of Developmental Differences in Children's Causal Reasoning.

Abstract Five experiments were performed in the area of children's causal reasoning to validate a previously reported developmental difference, to examine the role of a possible mediating mechanism, and to test a number of competing theoretical interpretations. As previously, the regularity of a cause-effect pairing influenced the causal attributions of 8- and 9-year-olds but not of 5- and 6-year olds; the results were found not to be artifacts of either a response induced commitment to choosing a particular object or the brevity of the exposure period. The developmental difference also was not explained by discrepant encoding of the term “cause,” by memorial deficiencies, or by differences in criteria for drawing causal inferences. Instead, it appeared that greater perceptual distractibility prevented the younger children from searching for and finding the temporally invariant relationship hypothesized to be crucial to inferring causality in the experimental situation.
Algorithmic Aspects and Supercomputing Trends in Computational Electromagnetics

Accurate and rapid evaluation of radar signature for alternative aircraft/ store configurations would be of substantial benefit in the evolution of integrated designs that meet RCS requirements across the threat spectrum. Finite-volume time domain methods offer the possibility of modeling the whole aircraft, including penetrable regions and stores, at longer wavelengths on today’s supercomputers and at typical airborne radar wavelengths on the teraflop computers of tomorrow. To realize this potential, practical means must be developed for the rapid generation of grids on and around the aircraft, and numerical algorithms that maintain high order accuracy on such grids must be constructed.
The preparation of single crystal LaB6 cathodes for electron microscopes

Experimental techniques are presented for (i) a very simple zone melting technique employing a floating zone maintained by an arc which allows preparation of high purity single crystal cathodes, and (ii) a grinding device which allows the LaB6 tips to be ground to a radius of curvature of less than 3 mu m using a metallurgical polishing wheel.
Amino Acid and protein kinetics in renal failure: an integrated approach.

Even apparently healthy patients on dialysis have significant loss of lean body mass. Patients with chronic renal failure without coexisting metabolic acidosis or inflammation have decreased protein turnover, with balanced reduction in protein synthesis and breakdown. However, regional and whole-body protein kinetic studies indicate that hemodialysis (HD) induces net increase in protein breakdown. Whole-body protein turnover studies show that HD is associated with decreased protein synthesis, but proteolysis is not increased. Muscle protein kinetics studies, however, identify enhanced muscle protein breakdown with inadequate compensatory increases in synthesis as the cause of the catabolism. Transmembrane amino acid–transport kinetics studies show that the outward transport is increased more than the inward transport of amino acids during HD. Altered intracellular amino acid transport kinetics and protein turnover during HD could be caused by the loss of amino acids in the dialysate or cytokine activation. Cytokines may be released from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skeletal muscle during HD. Preliminary evidence indicates that intradialytic increase in cytokines activates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. An intradialytic increase in albumin and fibrinogen synthesis is facilitated by interleukin-6 and the constant supply of amino acids derived from skeletal muscle catabolism. Protein anabolism can be induced in end-stage renal disease patients by repletion of amino acids, and perhaps treatment with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor.
Monte Carlo evaluation of multivariate Student's t probabilities

Abstract This paper develops a family of simulators of the multivariate t probability, based on a suitable choice of an importance sampling distribution. These simulators are useful for the evaluation of posterior densities and for hypothesis testing in Bayesian analysis.
Image coregistration and visualization techniques to study relationships between MEG neurophysiology and FDG-PET metabolism in epilepsy imaging

The purpose of this presentation is to report our image registration and analysis experience with a large-array biomagnetometer for magnetoencephaography (MEG) and a high resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner in the presurgical localization of spike sources of intractable epilepsy patients and in studying the relationship between metabolic and physiologic abnormalities detected in regions of interest during the evaluation. Findings of 12 epilepsy patients who underwent MEG and PET studies at UCSF are discussed.
Degree of heteroplasmy reflects oxidant damage in a large family with the mitochondrial DNA A8344G mutation

Mitochondria are the source of most oxygen-derived free radicals. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA can impair mitochondrial electron transport resulting in decreased ATP production and increased free radical-induced oxidant injury. The specific mitochondrial DNA mutation A8344G alters the TPsiC loop or the mitochondrial tRNA for lysine. We investigated a large five-generational family harboring this mutation to determine whether the degree of heteroplasmy (proportion of mutated mitochondrial genomes) for the mtA8344G mutation correlated with a marker of oxidant damage. We measured F2-isoprostanes because they are specific and reliable markers of oxidant injury formed when free radicals attack esterified arachidonate in cell membranes. Family members with high heteroplasmy (>40%) had significantly higher F2-isoprostane levels (62 +/- 39 pg/ml) than those with lower heteroplasmy (33 +/- 13 pg/ml, P < 0.001). The degree of heteroplasmy for the mtA8344G mutation in this family correlated positively with F2-isoprostane levels (P = 0.03). This study highlights the underappreciated role free radicals play in the complex pathophysiology of inherited mitochondrial DNA disorders. The most important novel finding from this family is that some currently asymptomatic individuals with moderate heteroplasmy have evidence of ongoing free-radical mediated oxidant injury.
Fan beam tomography--a la Cormack

We have taken Cormack's original algorithm for parallel beam tomography and generalized it for fan beam tomography. The algorithm involves three steps: (1) do a FFT in angle space (angle of rotation) for each detector; (2) solve a system of integral equations for each Fourier components; and (3) back FFT to obtain the density function. Step (2) above we accomplish by a singular value decomposition (for each Fourier component). The advantages are (1) the SVD does not change from object to object under interrogation, (2) the method is fast--capable of real time analysis, (3) the null space is explicitly displayed, and (4) the SVD is usable in second-generation hunting strategies. A video of a simulated model reconstruction will be shown.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Identification of cigarette smoke inhalations from wearable sensor data using a Support Vector Machine classifier

This study presents a subject-independent model for detection of smoke inhalations from wearable sensors capturing characteristic hand-to-mouth gestures and changes in breathing patterns during cigarette smoking. Wearable sensors were used to detect the proximity of the hand to the mouth and to acquire the respiratory patterns. The waveforms of sensor signals were used as features to build a Support Vector Machine classification model. Across a data set of 20 enrolled participants, precision of correct identification of smoke inhalations was found to be >87%, and a resulting recall >80%. These results suggest that it is possible to analyze smoking behavior by means of a wearable and non-invasive sensor system.
Comparison of insulin and glucagon pulsatile secretion between the rat and dog pancreas in-vitro.

Abstract Sustained pulses of insulin and glucagon were obtained from the isolated perfused in vitro rat pancreas. The respective periodicity of hormone release (peak to peak interval) was calculated by the Pulsar computer algorithm as insulin 5.8 ± 0.3 min and glucagon 6.5 ± 0.25 min. Because pulsatile insulin secretion is absent in type II diabetics, pulsatile islet hormone secretion could theoretically be regulated directly by intra-islet hormone interactions or indirectly by hormone sensitive nerve feedback, possibly from a venous hormone sensitive receptor system within the pancreas. To test the possible contributions of these systems in pulse regulation, the direction of perfusion was reversed in both rat and dog pancreata to prevent hormone contact with putative venous hormone receptors. The periodicity of hormone secretion was unchanged by reversed perfusion in both species. As vascular perfusion of islet cells is normally B to A to D, these results suggest that neither intra-islet hormone interactions nor intra-pancreatic insulin or glucagon sensitive nerve feedback systems are responsible, on an acute basis, for the regulation of pulsatile insular secretion from the normal pancreas. Insulin regulates net glucagon secretion but does not acutely influence glucagon pulses. The presence of pulses during retrograde perfusion may be the result of the entrainment of the pacemaker-islet system. These observations are consistent with the presence of an independent pacemaker and neural coordinating system within the dog and rat pancreas which may influence both the A- and B-cell.
A Startling Voice: Woman's Desire in the Song of Songs

The current article examines the use of horticultural metaphor in detailing lust between the two lovers in the Song of Songs. It suggests that the metaphor's vehicle, that is, the image used, has to be grasped before the possibilities of its tenor, i.e., what that image can represent, become apparent. Once the metaphor's vehicle is properly understood, its aptness for conveying female bodily arousal is readily, even shockingly apparent. The benefits of this metaphoric study are essentially twofold: one an interpretive gain and one feminist. They yield a deeper appreciation of the poetry of this biblical songbook and give a long overdue hearing for a startlingly bold, female voice in the Bible.
Hydrogen uptake hydrogenase in Helicobacter pylori

The peptic ulcer-causing bacterium Helicobacter pylori was found to contain an H2-uptake hydrogenase activity coupled to whole cell (aerobic) respiration. The activity was localized to membranes which functioned in the H2-oxidizing direction with a variety of artificial and physiological electron acceptors of positive redox potential. Immunoblotting of H. pylori membrane components with anti (B. japonicum) hydrogenase large and small subunit-specific antisera identified H. pylori hydrogenase peptides of approximately 65 and 26 kDa respectively, and H. pylori genomic DNA fragments hybridizing to the (B. japonicum) hydrogenase structural genes were identified. The membrane-bound activity was subject to anaerobic activation, like many NiFe hydrogenases. Difference absorption spectral studies revealed absorption peaks characteristic of b and c-type cytochromes, as well as of a bd-type terminal oxidase in the H. pylori H2-oxidizing membrane-associated respiratory chain.
Understanding of mathematics and science: efficient models for student assessments

Student self-reports provide information that is invaluable in assessing student backgrounds and achievements. These critical student inputs can be used to help place students in beginning courses; to identify high-risk and honors students; to evaluate the quality of courses, services, and resources; to initiate and evaluate existing and new programs; and to help students make career decisions. Faculty members can also use self-reports to efficiently examine student perceptions of their understanding of key content at the beginning and end of the courses for which they are responsible. This paper uses as a model: self-reports of first-year engineering students using the Mathematics Science Inventory (MSI). The MSI is used in placing students in beginning mathematics and chemistry courses and to evaluate their perceptions of their understanding of the key content of these courses. Significant, but differential self-reported gains in mathematics and chemistry knowledge are reported in twelve different math and chemistry courses, completed by 1995 and 1996 beginning engineering students. Complex, but generally positive, relationships are observed between course grades and pre-test and post-test self-reports of understanding of math and science content.
Persistence of Unselected Transgenic DNA during a Plastid Transformation and Segregation Approach to Herbicide Resistance

The use of a nonlethal selection scheme, most often using the aadA gene that confers resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin, has been considered critical for recovery of plastid transformation events. In this study, the plastid-lethal markers, glyphosate or phosphinothricin herbicides, were used to develop a selection scheme for plastids that circumvents the need for integration of an antibiotic resistance marker. The effect of selective agents on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mesophyll chloroplasts was first examined by transmission electron microscopy. We found that at concentrations typically used for selection of nuclear transformants, herbicides caused rapid disintegration of plastid membranes, whereas antibiotics had no apparent effect. To overcome this apparent herbicide lethality to plastids, a “transformation segregation” scheme was developed that used two independent transformation vectors for a cotransformation approach and two different selective agents in a phased selection scheme. One transformation vector carried an antibiotic resistance (aadA) marker used for early nonlethal selection, and the other transformation vector carried the herbicide (CP4 or bar) resistance marker for use in a subsequent lethal selection phase. Because the two markers were carried on separate plasmids and were targeted to different locations on the plastid genome, we reasoned that segregation of the two markers in some transplastomic lines could occur. We report here a plastid cotransformation frequency of 50% to 64%, with a high frequency (20%) of these giving rise to transformation segregants containing exclusively the initially nonselected herbicide resistance marker. Our studies indicate a high degree of persistence of unselected transforming DNA, providing useful insights into plastid chromosome dynamics.
Wireless control of microchip capillary electrophoresis with a mobile platform

We report the design of a digital system to wirelessly control microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) equipment and a mobile unit for chemical analysis. The digital system consists of an embedded processor designed for digital control, decoding and applying of wirelessly-transmitted test parameters, data acquisition, and mobility control. The design is implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and its development board interfaces with four digital-to-analog converters on a newly-designed 3-channel high voltage power supply, electrochemical detector, wireless modems for communications with a base unit, mobile platform motor controllers, GPS sensor, and a micropump. The FPGA allows for all the interfacing hardware to perform CE and transmission of the data acquired from the interfacing electrochemical detector.
Different firms, different ontologies, and no one best ontology

Firms develop best practices knowledge bases with reuse in mind, yet different firms use different ontologies for these bases, making them difficult to share. This article examines why different firms want different ontologies and presents a theoretical model finding that there is no ontology that is optimal for all. The author finds many differences at the basic level of categories of processes.
A pilot risk model for the prediction of rapid radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives. Identifying patients with RA at high risk of rapid radiographic progression (RRP) is critical for making appropriate treatment decisions. We developed an exploratory prediction model for the risk of RRP using an RA study population undergoing either conservative or aggressive disease management. Methods. Using data from the active-controlled study of patients receiving infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of early onset (ASPIRE) early RA study, RRP was defined as a threshold change in modified Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) of 55 U/year. Spearman’s rank analysis was used to identify baseline risk factors for RRP. Logistic regression was used to calculate the probability of RRP in 1 year. The results were combined into a matrix model that consisted of risk factors and initiated treatment arranged in increasing risk of RRP. Data from the anti-TNF trial in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant therapy (ATTRACT) established RA study were applied to the model to test its generalizability in another population. Results. The 28 swollen joint count, RF, CRP and ESR are included as trichotomous variables and initiated treatment (monotherapy or combination therapy) as a dichotomous variable. Two models, one incorporating all risk factors except CRP and another incorporating all risk factors except ESR, were developed to adjust for collinearity. These models identify subpopulations of RA patients at higher predicted risk for RRP. Conclusions. These preliminary matrix models predict the risk of RRP using initiated treatment and easily accessible clinical and laboratory variables. Further testing in other populations and with other therapies is needed to obtain a definitive risk model that will guide rheumatologists in making treatment decisions for individual RA patients.
Crystal structure and ionic conductivity of Li14Zn(GeO4)4 and other new Li+ superionic conductors☆

Abstract This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a number of new Li + superionic conductors with the type formula Li 16−2x D x (TO 4 ) 4 , where D is a divalent cation (Mg 2+ or Zn 2+ ), T is a tetravalent cation (Si 4+ or Ge 4+ ), and 0 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 , has a resistivity of 8 ω-cm at 300°C, lower than that of any Li + -ion conductor so far reported. The structure of this compound, which we have named LISICON (for Li s uper io nic con ductor), has been determined by single-crystal x-ray analysis. The space group is Pnma, with cell parameters a =10.828 A , b =6.251 A , c =5.140 A , and z=1. The structure has a rigid three-dimensional network of Li 11 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 . The three remaining Li + ions have occupancies of 55 and 16%, respectively, at the 4c and 4a interstitial positions. Each 4c position is connected to two 4a positions and vice versa. The bottlenecks betweenthese positions have an average diameter that is larger than twice the sum of the Li + and O 2− ionic radii, thus satisfying thegeometrical condition for fast Li + -ion transport. Moreover, all four sp 3 orbitals of the O 2− ion are shared by strong tetrahedral covalent bonds with the network cations. Therefore, the anion charge is polarized away from the interstitial Li + ions, weakening the Li1bO bond and increasing the Li + -ion mobility.
Using model checking to find serious file system errors

This article shows how to use model checking to find serious errors in file systems. Model checking is a formal verification technique tuned for finding corner-case errors by comprehensively exploring the state spaces defined by a system. File systems have two dynamics that make them attractive for such an approach. First, their errors are some of the most serious, since they can destroy persistent data and lead to unrecoverable corruption. Second, traditional testing needs an impractical, exponential number of test cases to check that the system will recover if it crashes at any point during execution. Model checking employs a variety of state-reducing techniques that allow it to explore such vast state spaces efficiently.We built a system, FiSC, for model checking file systems. We applied it to four widely-used, heavily-tested file systems: ext3, JFS, ReiserFS and XFS. We found serious bugs in all of them, 33 in total. Most have led to patches within a day of diagnosis. For each file system, FiSC found demonstrable events leading to the unrecoverable destruction of metadata and entire directories, including the file system root directory “/”.
Attitudes and Beliefs of Marriage and Family Therapists Regarding Psychotropic Drugs and Therapy

Clinical members of AAMFT were solicited by means of a randomized multi-staged clustering technique to identify their attitudes and beliefs regarding psychotropic drugs. All participants were blind to the overall purpose of the study (n = 322) and were directed to read a clinical vignette and then identify what course of action they would take with the client. They were then asked to complete a small questionnaire regarding their attitudes and beliefs regarding psychotropic drugs. Results of the study showed that 35.7% of the clinicians identified medication and a medication referral as a viable treatment option they might pursue with a client meeting criteria for major depressive episode. Clinicians who reported having a dedicated university class (17.2%) in psychopharmacology were more likely to identify medication referral as a treatment option. However, 80% of the AAMFT clinicians we surveyed reported that they were not adequately trained about psychotropic medications in their graduate programs. Further implications regarding diagnostic practices are also discussed, as 26% of clinicians failed to explicitly diagnose the client in the case vignette with depression. In 2005, Hernandez and Doherty addressed the practice patterns of marriage and family therapists (MFTs) whose clients use psychotropic medication. In this study they found that 91% of all MFTs work with clients who are on some sort of psychotropic medication, and who account for nearly a quarter of their caseload. These findings are important in light of the ambiguity in the MFT field surrounding med
Mechanism of endotracheal tube movement with change of head position in the neonate

The mechanism of alteration of endotracheal tube position with movement of the head and neck in the neonate was studied in a term newborn cadaver. The infant was intubated and serial radiographs were obtained with the head and neck in different positions. We propose that the skull acts as a lever arm from the anterior end of the maxilla to the first cervical vertebra. The fulcrum for movement of this lever arm is the upper cervical spine. Movement of the endotracheal tube in the trachea is directed by the maxillocervical lever arm when the skull and upper cervical spine are flexed, extended, or rotated.
Time scales and processes of Cordilleran batholith construction and high-Sr/Y magmatic pulses: Evidence from the Bald Mountain batholith, northeastern Oregon

Cordilleran granitic batholiths (sensu lato) preserve information about time scales and processes of upper crustal magmatic arc construction during Mesozoic subduction and mountain building. The Bald Mountain batholith in northeastern Oregon (USA) is a classic example of a composite, incrementally constructed batholith that formed during terrane amalgamation outboard of the western U.S. Cordillera. Whole-rock geochemistry and zircon trace element, U-Pb, Lu-Hf, and O isotopic data reveal that batholith construction occurred over ~15 Ma, commencing with the syncollisional emplacement of small, low-Sr/Y ( 40) tonalite-granodiorite mag matism that produced the main mass of the batholith, including the granodiorite of Anthony Lake (147 Ma) and the tonalite of Bald Mountain (145‐141 Ma). Zircons from the norite-granite suite display a narrow range in initial eHf of 7.2‐7.7 and elevated δ 18 O (Zrn) ranging from 8.2‰ to 10.0‰ (excluding one outlier). Zircons from the later granodiorite-tonalite suite show a similar range of initial eHf values (6.3‐8.9) and δ 18 O (7.1‰‐10.0‰), indicating a similar history of interaction with evolved crustal material. Modeling of whole-rock and zircon geochemistry indicates that both the low- and high-Sr/Y magmas composing the main phase of the batholith were generated by dehydration‐partial melting of mafi c arc crust (e.g., amphibolite), leaving behind a plagioclase-poor restite, which was garnet granulite in the case of the high-Sr/Y magmas . Final magma compositions in both suites were affected by assimilation of supracrustal material either at depth or during ascent. We suggest that high-Sr/Y magmas in the Bald Mountain batholith were generated by partial melting of thickened arc crust ~10 m.y. after arc-arc collision began at 159‐154 Ma. Heat to drive lower crustal melting was conveyed by an increase in mantle power input as a result of renewed subduction-related magmatism. Mixing and homogenization in the lower crust involving mantle-derived basalts and crustally derived partial melts can account for the geochemical variation we observe in tonalites and granodiorites in the Bald Mountain batholith.
Studies on the Porosity and Surface Texture of Polymer Implant Materials

The topography of the surface of a variety of polymer mixtures was studied. Large porosities were found in various mixtures of methacrylate polymer powder, anorganic bone, and a foaming agent, N, N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine. The porosities appeared to be linked by smaller spaces and channels that ran through the polymer material. The porosity of the polymer was altered significantly by materials such as anorganic bone or foaming agents, but the composition by percentage did not alter the material structure appreciably.
Malaysia's new economic policy and the global economy: The evolution of ethnic accommodation

Abstract Developing countries commonly must deal not only with issues of economic development, but also with the problems associated with a multi‐ethnic population. Most analyses of ethnic programs, however, focus on the domestic political economy and fail to appreciate the importance of international factors. In this essay, I note that Malaysia's New Economic Policy (NEP) and its successors have been affected not only by the domestic ethnic situation but also by the global economy. Furthermore, I argue that current international pressures and constraints have forced a re‐evaluation of the NEP in the past decade. While a concern for ethnic factors is by no means absent from the policy‐making process today, ethnic concerns are now overshadowed by the realities of the international economic order and the government's realization that ethnic accommodation can only be successful within the confines of an outward‐looking, expanding economy.
The amino acid sequence of bovine adrenodoxin.

Abstract The preliminary amino acid sequence of bovine adrenodoxin previously reported from our laboratory has been shown to be in error. In the corrected sequence, adrenodoxin contains 114 amino acid residues. The residues Asx-Glx-Leu in position 78, 79, and 80 and the aspartic acid residue in position 107 should be deleted from the previously reported sequence. The details of the primary structure determination are presented here for the first time. The amino acid sequence of adrenodoxin is compared with the structures of other iron sulfur proteins.
The President's Dilemma: Executive Authority, Enforcement, and the Rule of Law in Immigration Law

In 2012, President Obama announced the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, and in 2014, he announced an expansion of DACA as well as a new program called Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA). Both programs would allow some noncitizens who may be subject to deportation (technically, “removal”) from the United States to apply for multi-year temporary reprieves. These programs have faced a combination of policy and legal challenges. This article, based on my 2015 Foulston Siefkin Lecture, does not address all of the issues posed by DACA and DAPA, but it elaborates on two points that appear very briefly in my book, Immigration Outside the Law (Oxford 2014). First, whether DACA and DAPA are consistent with federal immigration legislation is a question that can be persuasively answered only with reference to the operation of the entire federal immigration scheme, which is one of selective admissions, selective enforcement, and vast discretion in enforcement. In this scheme, the key question is not whether enforcement discretion is exercised, but rather who exercises it. Second and relatedly, the discretion in federal immigration enforcement is so vast and so central to the scheme’s operation that the President faces a dilemma: how to control discretionary enforcement in the field. Adherence to the rule of law requires that the President assert meaningful control over the exercise of prosecutorial discretion by ensuring that discretion is exercised in a uniform, predictable, and non-discriminatory manner. DACA and DAPA respond to this dilemma in two principal ways. First, they regularize grants of deferred action through an application process, followed by a formal process of discretionary adjudication that relies initially on categories and guidelines. Second, DACA and DAPA transfer discretionary authority away from the units within the Department of Homeland Security where rank-and-file employees have actively resisted and challenged prosecutorial discretion guidelines as well as these deferred action programs. In short, DACA and DAPA respond to the President’s dilemma in ways that are grounded not only in the federal legislative scheme but more fundamentally in the rule of law.
Lessons learned from testing the quality cost model of Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) transitional care.

Dramatic changes in health care have occurred over the past 2 decades resulting in merged health systems, shortened hospital stays, rapid growth of outpatient and home care services and changed systems of reimbursement (Lesser & Ginsburg, 2001). The goal is to provide the most effective health care services at the lowest cost. Examining the effectiveness of health care providers has accompanied these changes. Today’s data-driven health care systems require that provider practices are based on evidence and that provider time and number of patient contacts be justified (Delaney, Reed, & Clarke, 2000). In 1980, responding to changes occurring in health care, a team of researchers at the University of Pennsylvania developed a model of transitional care delivered by advanced practice nurses (APNs) that could serve as a safety net for vulnerable patient groups being discharged early from hospitals; this approach might maintain quality care and reduce health care costs (Brooten, Brown et al., 1988). Since 1980 research with this model of care has been conducted in two phases. The first phase, which remains ongoing, focused on testing, refining, and modifying the model for use with different patient groups. Consistent success in improving patient outcomes and reducing health care costs in patient groups in which the model has been tested led to the second phase of research. This second phase is focused on delineating the reasons for the model’s success by linking patient outcomes and costs of care with the process of care. This ongoing research includes examination of patient problems that require more APN rime and contacts, profiles of individual patients who require more APN time and contacts, and APN interventions used in providing transitional care (Brooten, Youngblut, Deatrick, Naylor, & York, 1997–2001). The purpose of this article is to describe the development, testing, modification, and results of this model of APN transitional care on patient outcomes and health care costs, and to delineate what has been learned for nursing education, practice, and further research.
Words in the bilingual brain: an fNIRS brain imaging investigation of lexical processing in sign-speech bimodal bilinguals

Early bilingual exposure, especially exposure to two languages in different modalities such as speech and sign, can profoundly affect an individual’s language, culture and cognition. Here we explore the hypothesis that bimodal dual language exposure can also affect the brain’s organization for language. These changes occur across brain regions universally important for language and parietal regions especially critical for sign language (Newman et al., Nature Neuroscience, 2002). We investigated three groups of participants (N=29) that completed a word repetition task in American Sign Language (ASL) during fNIRS brain imaging. Those groups were (i) hearing ASL-English bimodal bilinguals (n=5), (ii) deaf American Sign Language (ASL) signers (n=7), and (iii) English monolinguals naive to sign language (n=17). The key finding of the present study is that bimodal bilinguals showed reduced activation in left parietal regions relative to deaf ASL signers when asked to use only ASL. In contrast, this group of bimodal signers showed greater activation in left temporo-parietal regions relative to English monolinguals when asked to switch between their two languages (Kovelman, Petitto et al., 2009). Converging evidence now suggest that bimodal bilingual experience changes the brain bases of language, including the left temporo-parietal regions known to be critical for sign language processing (Emmorey et al., 2007). The results provide insight into the resilience and constraints of neural plasticity for language and bilingualism.
Electron arc therapy: Chest wall irradiation of breast cancer patients

From 1980 to October 1985 we treated 45 breast cancer patients with electron arc therapy. This technique was used in situations where optimal treatment with fixed photon or electron beams was technically difficult: long scars, recurrent tumor extending across midline or to the posterior thorax, or marked variation in depth of target tissue. Forty-four patients were treated following mastectomy: 35 electively because of high risk of local failure, and 9 following local recurrence. One patient with advanced local regional disease was treated primarily. The target volume boundaries on the chest wall were defined by a foam lined cerrobend cast which rested on the patient during treatment, functioning as a tertiary collimator. A variable width secondary collimator was used to account for changes in the radius of the thorax from superior to inferior border. All patients had computerized tomography performed to determine Internal Mammary Chain depth and chest wall thickness. Electron energies were selected based on these thicknesses and often variable energies over different segments of the arc were used. The chest wall and regional node areas were irradiated to 45 Gy-50 Gy in 5-6 weeks by this technique. The supraclavicular and upper axillary nodes were treated by a direct anterior photon field abutted to the superior edge of the electron arc field. Follow-up is from 10-73 months with a median of 50 months. No major complications were observed. Acute and late effects and local control are comparable to standard chest wall irradiation. The disadvantages of this technique are that the preparation of the tertiary field defining cast and CT treatment planning are labor intensive and expensive. The advantage is that for specific clinical situations large areas of chest wall with marked topographical variation can be optimally, homogeneously irradiated while sparing normal uninvolved tissues.
Group Invariance: Culture, KM & IT Capability Perceptions

Knowledge management (KM) enablers provide the leverage to impact the knowledge creation process. A knowledge sharing (KS) culture, considered a KM enabler, is cited as a significant contributor to the improvement and success of KM initiatives. However, comparisons of how KM capabilities and KS culture perform in similar contexts (same organization) but different goals (separate business units) are limited. Invariance testing is used as a method to assess the similarity between groups. Data collected from knowledge workers at two business units from a large microchip manufacturing company identifies KS cultural differences and yet provides evidence of similar functioning on the KM capability scales. The resulting analysis indicates that emphasizing and promoting KM capabilities and KS culture equally and simultaneously between different business units will result in dissimilar changes to the levels of each dimension
Adaptive computation of optimal nonrandomized policies in constrained average-reward MDPs

This paper deals with computation of optimal nonrandomized nonstationary policies and mixed stationary policies for average-reward Markov Decision Processes with multiple criteria and constraints. We consider problems with finite state and action sets satisfying the unichain condition. The described procedure for computing optimal nonrandomized policies can also be used for adaptive control problems.