cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Certain Cations in Cane Final Molasses on Fecal Moisture of Chicks

Abstract IT HAS been reported that the domestic fowl can tolerate high levels of cane final molasses during all stages of growth and maturity up to 72 weeks of age. According to Rosenberg (1955), cane final molasses was fed to day-old chicks for 6 weeks at concentrations up to 34.5 percent of total ration, the highest level tested, and optimum results were obtained on levels ranging from 7.5 to 23.0 percent. In other studies (Rosenberg, 1954; Rosenberg and Palafox, 1956), mature chickens also exhibited marked tolerance to comparatively high concentrations of molasses. In the three trials of the latter study, hens reared from day-old and maintained on 28.5 percent molasses produced, from 24 to 72 weeks of age, more and larger eggs, fewer meat- and blood-spotted eggs, suffered approximately the same mortality, and required 3.2 cents less feed per dozen eggs than did their controls. It was observed in these studies …
Ovarian scan with human chorionic gonadotropin-I131

Abstract The ovaries of dogs have been seanned in vivo following intravenous administration of chorionic gonadotropin-I 131 . Possible use of this technique for scanning ovaries in women is discussed.
Inverse planning optimization for hybrid prostate permanent-seed implant brachytherapy plans using two source strengths

The purpose is to demonstrate the ability to generate clinically acceptable prostate permanent seed implant plans using two seed types which are identical except for their activity. The IPSA inverse planning algorithms were modified to include multiple dose matrices for the calculation of dose from different sources, and a selection algorithm was implemented to allow for the swapping of source type at any given source position. Five previously treated patients with a range of prostate volumes from 20-48 cm3 were re-optimized under two hybrid scenarios: (1) using 0.32 and 0.51 mGy m2 / h 125I, and (2) using 0.64 and 0.76 mGy m2 / h 125I. Isodose lines were generated and dosimetric indices , V150Prostate, D90Prostate, V150Urethra, V125Urethra, V120Urethra,V100Urethra, and D10Urethra were calculated. The algorithm allows for the generation of single-isotope, multi-activity hybrid brachytherapy plans. By dealing with only one radionuclide, but of different activity, the biology is unchanged from a standard plan. All V100Prostate were within 2.3 percentage points for every plan and always above the clinically desirable 95%. All V150Urethra were identically zero, and V120Urethra is always below the clinically acceptable value of 1.0 cm3. Clinical optimization times for the hybrid plans are still under one minute, for most cases. It is possible to generate clinically advantageous brachytherapy plans (i.e. obtain the same quality dose distribution as a standard single-activity plan) while incorporating leftover seeds from a previous patient treatment. This method will allow a clinic to continue to provide excellent patient care, but at a reduced cost. Multi-activity hybrid plans were equal in quality (as measured by the standard dosimetric indices) to plans with seeds of a single activity. Despite the expanded search space, optimization times for these studies were still under two minutes on a modern day laptop and can be reduced to below one minute in a clinical setting. With the typical cost of a set of PPI seeds on the order of thousands of dollars, it is possible to reduce the cost of brachytherapy treatments by allowing for easier use of seeds left over from a previous patient or unused due to a cancelled treatment.
Mouse IPK: A Powerful Tool to Partially Characterize Renal Reperfusion and Preservation Injury.

Main Problem: The molecular basis of renal preservation injury is not well understood. Since mouse kidney transplantation models are not useful in this setting, a mouse Isolated Perfused Kidney (IPK) model was developed to take advantage of mouse genetic design capabilities for testing complex biological hypothesis regarding mechanisms of preservation injury in transplanted kidneys. Methods: Mouse kidneys were recovered, preserved, and reperfused in-vitro with an acellular physiological crystalloid buffer containing hypo-physiological oncotic pressure. Outcome variables were measured to predict preservation injury. These included perfusate flow, vascular resistance, VO 2 , urine output, GFR, proteinuria, LDH release, and edema. The model was tested by subjecting mouse kidneys to cold storage in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution for 24, 48, or 72 hours (time-dependent preservation injury), cold storage in Euro-Collins Solution (solution dependent preservation injury), and exposure to prior warm ischemia (DCD dependent preservation injury). Results: The model accurately predicted the qualitative and quantitative changes in the readouts based on known responses to preservation injury in kidney transplants in large animals and humans. Conclusion: The mouse IPK accurately predicts many of the variables associated with renal organ preservation injury in the very early phases of reperfusion and may provide an attractive model for studying the molecular basis of renal preservation injury.
Destruction of cutaneous melanoma with millimeter wave hyperthermia in mice

Millimeter wave irradiation has been found to generate a dose-dependent heating of skin, providing an opportunity for destruction of heat-sensitive cutaneous tumors including melanomas. In vitro irradiation of epidermal keratinocytes and melanoma cells revealed distinct susceptibility of melanoma cells to MMW hyperthermia with higher thermotolerance of keratinocytes. No significant species differences were found when human and murine keratinocytes and melanoma cells were compared. In vivo irradiation of cutaneous melanoma in mice with MMW at the incident power density of 1.25 W/cm/sup 2/ for 30 min resulted in a selective melanoma destruction. Histological analysis showed no tissue damage of normal skin cells (necrosis or apoptosis) within the exposed skin areas. We hypothesize that MMW irradiation would be a useful treatment modality for cutaneous melanoma in humans.
Somatostatin-receptor-targeted α-emitting 213Bi is therapeutically more effective than β−-emitting 177Lu in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells

Abstract Introduction Advance clinical cancer therapy studies of patients treated with somatostatin receptor (sstr)-targeted [DOTA 0 -Tyr 3 ]octreotide (DOTATOC) labeled with low-linear-energy-transfer (LET) β − -emitters have shown overall response rates in the range of 15–33%. In order to improve outcomes, we sought to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of sstr-targeted high-LET α-emitting 213 Bi to that of low-LET β − -emitting 177 Lu by determining relative biological effectiveness (RBE) using the external γ-beam of 137 Cs as reference radiation. Methods Sstr-expressing human pancreatic adenocarcinoma Capan-2 cells and A549 control cells were used for this study. The effects of different radiation doses of 213 Bi and 177 Lu labeled to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid and sstr-targeted DOTATOC were investigated with a clonogenic cell survival assay. Apoptosis was measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS 10× kit. Results Using equimolar DOTATOC treatment with concurrent irradiation with a 137 Cs source as reference radiation, the calculated RBE of [ 213 Bi]DOTATOC was 3.4, as compared to 1.0 for [ 177 Lu]DOTATOC. As measured in terms of absorbance units, [ 213 Bi]DOTATOC caused a 2.3-fold-greater release of apoptosis-specific mononucleosomes and oligonucleosomes than [ 177 Lu]DOTATOC at the final treatment time of 96 h ( P Conclusions In conclusion, at the same absorbed dose, [ 213 Bi]DOTATOC is therapeutically more effective in decreasing survival than is [ 177 Lu]DOTATOC in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells due to its comparatively higher RBE.
Sexual minority status and trauma symptom severity in men living with HIV/AIDS

Traumatic experiences are common among populations living with HIV; furthermore, the minority stress model indicates that sexual minority group members, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), are more likely to experience negative psychological outcomes after exposure to trauma, given the stress of minority stigma. The current study examined the prevalence of traumatic events and the impact of these events on trauma symptoms in a sample of 113 MSM and 51 men who have sex with women (MSW) who are living with HIV/AIDS. Rates of experiencing trauma were similar for both MSM and MSW. However, MSM, as sexual minority group members, were more likely to report symptoms of trauma and dissociation than MSW. The current study indicates that MSM may experience additional negative psychological outcomes after exposure to trauma. Findings are discussed in the context of implications for HIV prevention with sexual minority group members.
Ultrafast 2D-IR vibrational echo spectroscopy: A probe of molecular dynamics

Ultrafast two dimensional infrared (2D-IR) vibra- tional echo spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful method for the study of molecular dynamics under thermal equilibrium con- ditions occurring on ultrafast time scales. Here, we describe ex- perimental details of 2D-IR vibrational echo spectroscopy in- cluding the experimental setup, pulse sequence, heterodyne de- tection, and extraction of the mainly absorptive part of the 2D- IR spectrum. As an experimental example, the measurements of the hydrogen bond dynamics of neat water and water in a high concentration of NaBr solution are presented and compared. The experiments are performed on OD stretching vibration of dilute HOD in H2O to eliminate contributions from vibrational exci- tation transport. A new experimental observable for extracting dynamical information that yields the frequency-frequency cor- relation function is presented. The observable is the inverse of the center line slope (CLS) of the 2D spectrum, which varies from a maximum of 1 to 0 as spectral diffusion proceeds. The CLS is the inverse of the slope of the line that connects the maxima of the peaks of a series of cuts through the 2D spectrum that are parallel to the frequency axis associated with the first radiation field-matter interaction. Comparisons of the dynamics obtained from the data on water and the concentrated NaBr solutions show that the hydrogen bond dynamics of water around ions are much slower than in bulk water.
A rationally designed pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant with a broad substrate spectrum

Together with tRNACUAPyl, a rationally designed pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase mutant N346A/C348A has been successfully used for the genetic incorporation of a variety of phenylalanine derivatives with large para substituents into superfolder green fluorescent protein at an amber mutation site in Escherichia coli. This discovery greatly expands the genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid inventory and opens the gate for the genetic incorporation of other phenylalanine derivatives using engineered pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNACUAPyl pairs.
Production Quota in Multiproduct Pacific Fisheries

Abstract Assessing the individual firm's technology and costs in a multispecies fishery allows design of a more effective output quota prior to regulation by anticipating and controlling for the firm's regulation-induced responses. An empirical study of a Pacific coast trawl fishery indicates that the firm's flexibility of product decision is tightly constrained by its technology and cost structure. Hence, as the resource stock for the regulated species, sablefish, deteriorates and the trip quota progressively tightens, the firm cannot sufficiently reorganize its product bundle to preclude increasingly large sablefish disposal. This defeats the purpose of the production quota.
Comparison of efficacy and cost-effectiveness of BIOMIC VIDEO and Vitek antimicrobial susceptibility test systems for use in the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing expense may be a significant portion of a clinical microbiology laboratory's budget. This study compares the BIOMIC VIDEO system (Giles Scientific, Inc., New York, N.Y.) with the Vitek system (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), an established automated method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing with the ability to generate MIC data. The BIOMIC system is relatively inexpensive and automates the reading of the classical disk agar diffusion test to provide both qualitative (susceptibility interpretation) and quantitative (MIC) data. The overall MIC correlation between the two systems for the 2,913 drug-organism combinations tested was 92.6%. The overall agreement for susceptibility interpretation was 97.4%. The BIOMIC system offers a 57.4% savings per test over the Vitek system. The BIOMIC system utilizes an older technology which is more efficient and yet yields results comparable to those of established automated MIC methods. The savings achievable in laboratories and hospitals nationwide may contribute significantly to the containment of national health care expenditures.
Molecular rhythms in the pineal gland.

Abstract Recent findings have clarified the mechanisms regulating the night- and pineal-specific transcription of serotonin N -acetyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melatonin formation. Norepinephrine, acting via β-adrenoceptors and cAMP at night, stimulates the cAMP response element binding protein, which turns on the transcription of N -acetyltransferase and inducible cAMP early repressor, the major inhibitor of N -acetyltransferase transcription. The tissue-specific gene expression within the pineal gland and retinaderives, in part, from a pineal/retina-specific transcription factor, cone—rod homeobox protein, which binds to a pineal regulatory element. This regulatory element is present in promoters of pineal-selective enzymes, such as N -acetyltransferase, hydroxyindole- O -methyl transferase, and pineal night-specific ATPase
State of the Art Procedures for Translating, Validating and Using Psychoeducational Tests in Cross-Cultural Assessment

The purpose of this paper is to outline state of the art procedures for test translation, validation and use in multicultural, multilingual assessment. Guidelines are based on psychometric, linguistic, cultural and practical considerations. The authors encourage sound practice within the international psychological community in its assessment of children outside the intended source language and/or culture of available tests.
The impact of summer rainfall on the temperature gradient along the United States-Mexico border

The international border running through the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona and northern Sonora is marked by a sharp discontinuity in albedo and grass cover. The observed differences in surface properties are a result of long-term, severe overgrazing of the Mexican lands. Recently, investigators have shown the Mexican side of the border to have higher surface and air temperatures when compared to adjacent areas in the United State. The differences in temperatures appear to be more associated with differential evapotranspiration rates than with albedo changes along the border. In this study, the impact of summer rainfall on the observed seasonal and daily gradient in maximum temperature is examined. On a seasonal time scale, the temperature gradient increases with higher moisture levels, probably due to a vegetative response on the United States' side of the border; at the daily level, the gradient in maximum temperature decreases after a rain event as evaporation rates equalize between the countries. The results suggest that temperature differences between vegetated and overgrazed landscapes in arid areas are highly dependent upon the amount of moisture available for evapotranspiration.
Artificial Life on a Dead Planet

Philip K. Dick’s science fiction masterpiece, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, presents a future in which most of Earth’s species have been wiped out by radioactive fallout and the human survivors are fleeing a ravaged Earth. Survival on the inhospitable terrain of other planets is made possible by android slave labor. For those who cling on in Earth’s decaying cities, possession of a live animal is highly coveted, due to the fragility of biological life on the planet and the scarcity of animal life. The majority who cannot pay the premium for a live animal accept, as second best, an android replica of a sheep, snake, or an owl.
Production of microbial protein from waste cellulose by Thermomonospora fusca, a thermophilic actinomycete

Summary The growth characteristics of Thermomonospora fusca, a cellulolytic thermophilic actinomycete, are described in terms of growth on pulping fines, a cellulosic waste of the paper industry. A fermentation was developed which substantially degrades this waste, with the residual product of growth containing about 30% microbial protein. This protein, as shown by a preliminary feeding study with baby chicks and by amino acid analyses, appears to be of good nutritional quality and contains no strongly toxic materials. The extracellular cellulolytic enzymes present in the spent broth are discussed in relation to their potential recovery as a by-product of the fermentation, as is also the possible use of the fermentation as a waste disposal system.
Convex optimization of output link scheduling and active queue management in QoS constrained packet switches

We present two novel algorithms at the ingress and egress of packet switches with QoS provisioning and fairness constraints. We first provide a suite of generalized weighted fair queuing formulations for output link scheduling, where the weights can be dynamically optimized under QoS constraints using the tool of geometric programming. We then provide a suite of active queue management formulations for flexible ingress buffer management, using the tool of semifinite programming. Both sets of formulations are nonlinear, and are special cases of convex optimization problems, which can be solved globally and as efficiently as linear problems.
The Avr (effector) proteins HrmA (HopPsyA) and AvrPto are secreted in culture from Pseudomonas syringae pathovars via the Hrp (type III) protein secretion system in a temperature- and pH-sensitive manner.

We present here data showing that the Avr proteins HrmA and AvrPto are secreted in culture via the native Hrp pathways from Pseudomonas syringae pathovars that produce these proteins. Moreover, their secretion is strongly affected by the temperature and pH of the culture medium. Both HrmA and AvrPto were secreted at their highest amounts when the temperature was between 18 and 22°C and when the culture medium was pH 6.0. In contrast, temperature did not affect the secretion of HrpZ. pH did affect HrpZ secretion, but not as strongly as it affected the secretion of HrmA. This finding suggests that there are at least two classes of proteins that travel the P. syringae pathway: putative secretion system accessory proteins, such as HrpZ, which are readily secreted in culture; and effector proteins, such as HrmA and AvrPto, which apparently are delivered inside plant cells and are detected in lower amounts in culture supernatants under the appropriate conditions. Because HrmA was shown to be a Hrp-secreted protein, we have changed the name of hrmA to hopPsyA to reflect that it encodes a Hrp outer protein from P. syringae pv. syringae. The functional P. syringae Hrp cluster encoded by cosmid pHIR11 conferred upon P. fluorescens but not Escherichia coli the ability to secrete HopPsyA in culture. The use of these optimized conditions should facilitate the identification of additional proteins traveling the Hrp pathway and the signals that regulate this protein traffic.
Relation of body fat indexes to vitamin D status and deficiency among obese adolescents

Background: Data on the relation between vitamin D status and body fat indexes in adolescence are lacking. Objective: The objective was to identify factors associated with vitamin D status and deficiency in obese adolescents to further evaluate the relation of body fat indexes to vitamin D status and deficiency. Design: Data from 58 obese adolescents were obtained. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was measured by computed tomography. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total bone mineral content, bone mineral density, body fat mass (FM), and lean mass. Relative measures of body fat were calculated. Blood tests included measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, type I collagen C-telopeptide, hormones, and metabolic factors. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D 65 ng/mL. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the adolescents was 14.9 ± 1.4 y; 38 (66%) were female, and 8 (14%) were black. The mean (±SD) body mass index (in kg/m2) was 36 ± 5, FM was 40.0 ± 5.5%, and VAT was 12.4 ± 4.3%. Seventeen of the adolescents were vitamin D deficient, but none had elevated PTH concentrations. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density were within 2 SDs of national standards. In a multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D decreased by 0.46 ± 0.22 ng/mL per 1% increment in FM (β ± SE, P = 0.05), whereas PTH decreased by 0.78 ± 0.29 pg/mL per 1% increment in VAT (P = 0.01). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, our results show for the first time that obese adolescents with 25(OH)D deficiency, but without elevated PTH concentrations, have a bone mass within the range of national standards (±2 SD). The findings provide initial evidence that the distribution of fat may be associated with vitamin D status, but this relation may be dependent on metabolic factors. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00209482","term_id":"NCT00209482"}}NCT00209482, NCT00120146.
A reintroduction of dynamical SU(2) gauge fields in Hubbard models

This is a preprint from 1990, in which it is explained how non-Abelian gauge magnets originate as effective dynamics in models of hopping particles. In particular, an explicit model is discussed in which both link and plaquette terms appear. The motivation (as explained in a brief apology) to reintroduce the idea is some recent theoretical progress on the topic of optical lattices.
Rape Rates and Military Personnel in the United States An Exploratory Study

This study involves a test of the cultural spillover hypothesis through a state-level analysis of the relationship between rape rates and the proportion of military personnel in the population. A statistically significant correlation not predicted by this hypothesis was found between rape rates and the proportion of Air Force personnel in the population. Further exploration revealed that this was largely because of the high correlation between the Air Force and the Indian population. Multivariate analyses revealed that the proportion of Indian women in the population was the main predictor of rape rates. Per capita alcohol consumption was also found to be positively correlated with both rape rates and Air Force personnel but was not significantly related to rape in the multivariate analysis.
A cognitive theory of psychophysics. II. Fechner's Law and Stevens' Law.

The fundamental premise of this paper is that subjects code information in such a way that a variety of psychophysical functions can be obtained with the same stimulus attributes. Four terms must be defined in order to understand psychophysical equations. These terms are: (1) The subject's perceptual channel capacity, (2) the subject's cognitive channel capacity, (3) the experimenter's measure of stimulus information, and (4) the context variables associated with the psychophysical procedure.
Associations Between Patient Perceptions of Communication, Cure, and Other Patient-Related Factors Regarding Patient-Reported Quality of Care Following Surgical Resection of Lung and Colorectal Cancer.

Background The objective of the current study was to analyze various patient-related factors related to patient-reported quality of overall and surgical care following surgical resection of lung or colorectal cancer.
Other Metals: Aluminum, Copper, Manganese, Selenium, Vanadium, and Zinc

While aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant elements encountered in the environment, and some daily exposure is unavoidable, inhalation of Al by the general population is generally considered to be negligible (i.e., 0.14 mg aluminum dust/d [Jones and Bennett, 1986]). Conversely, smelters, miners, and other workers involved in various metal industries are often acutely exposed, accidentally or intentionally, to much higher levels of ambient Al. For example, one study has indicated that aluminum welders were often exposed to localized atmospheres containing 2.4 mg Al/m3, resulting in time-weighted-average intakes of>23 mg A118 hr shift (Sjogren et al., 1985). In addition, because of its demonstrable role as a prophylactic agent against silicotic lung diseases (Denny et al., 1939; Le Bouffant et al., 1977; Begin et al., 1986, 1987; Brown et al., 1989), many miners were intentionally exposed to airborne mixtures of finely-ground aluminum powder containing ≈15% elemental Al and 85% aluminum oxide (alumina; Al2O3) prior to their entering the mineshafts (reviewed in Rifat et al., 1990). Although there is no information describing acute or chronic effects upon human pulmonary health from environmental exposure to airborne Al, there are numerous reports which have described increases in pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, hard metal pneumoconiosis, lung cancers, and/or pulmonary fibrosis in occupationally-exposed subjects (Gibbs, 1985; Abramson et al., 1989; Chan-Yeung et aI., 1989; Larsson et al., 1989; Schwarz et al., 1994; Soyseth et al., 1995; Kilburn, 1998; Sorgdrager et al., 1998).
Comminuted fractures and fracture-dislocations involving the articular surface of the humeral head.

1 . Fractures and fracture-dislocations of the articular surface of the humeral head are severely disabling. 2. Pain is seldom a significant factor in the result (Table III). Rather, weakness, limitation of motion, and reduced endurance are the usual complaints. 3. The patient is more often satisfied with the result than is the orthopaedic surgeon who has treated him (Table V). 4. The result must be evaluated by a realistic set of criteria. Even so, the results of treatment in this study were acceptable to the examiners in only 50 per cent of the cases, and to the patients in 60 per cent of the cases. 5. Results might be improved by following the recommendations made regarding surgical technique. 6. The insertion of a prosthesis, although not yet conclusively demonstrated to be effective in solving the problems raised by this injury, is most logically considered for use in that group of comminuted fractures and fracture-dislocations which, in this series, have been treated by resection or by resection and cuff transplantation. Should the long-term results be superior, the use of a prosthesis may conceivably be advisable in the treatment of the more severely comminuted fractures of the humeral head which are now being treated by open reduction.
The food value of intarvin.

In order to ascertain whether the synthetic fat, intarvin, composed of 17 carbon atom fatty acids, could be used by the body as a food, observations were made on two diabetic patients and four normal individuals. This was done in conjunction with work on dogs reported in another communication.1 It is the purpose of this paper to present the data obtained from feeding experiments on two of the normal individuals. The other two normals were unable to eat enough intarvin to yield results sufficiently conclusive for interpretation.Discussion.The diabetic patients were upon restricted diets for therapeutic reasons. These diets were insufficient in calories to maintain nitrogen equilibrium and weight. They were receiving insulin. Additions of 80 and 100 grams of intarvin showed no increase in ketone bodies and was followed by a lowering in nitrogen excretion. The period during which intarvin was given was for one patient five days, for the other ten days. The results are not decisive enough to make it worth whi...
Output mode simulation of corner cube resonator

In order to study the output mode distribution of the corner cube resonator(CCR),a reflection model of corner cube with dihedral angle errors was built with matrix optics and vector operating methods.The formula and numerical simulation method for studying the output mode of CCR are presented.The output modes of CCR without and with dihedral angle errors were simulated with Fourier transformation method and Fox-Li iterative method.The results show that the output mode of CCR without dihedral angle errors consists of six uniform symmetric pieces,while the intensity distribution of the six pieces of the output mode of CCR with dihedral angle errors is asymmetric.
Surveillance for endemic fluorosis related with brick tea drinking in Xinjiang,2009-2012

Objective To understand the usage of brick tea,prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years and skeletal fluorosis in adults aged 36 to 45 years in endemic fluorosis area in Xinjiang during 2009- 2012.Methods Epidemiological survey was conducted.Dental fluorosis in local children were examined by using Dean' s Index.X-ray detection of skeletal fluorosis w as performed in local adults.Results The usage of brick tea w as prevalent in these areas,98% of local people drunk brick tea.The brick tea sample detection indicated that the fluorine content ranged from 544.82 mg / kg to 779.79 mg / kg,the person's average daily intake of fluorine w as 6.08 mg and the qualified rate of brick tea w as 28%.The overall detection rate of dental fluorosis w as 6.08%,the dental fluorosis index w as 0.13 and the intensity of dental fluorosis prevalence w as mild.The overall detection rate of skeletal fluorosis in adults w as 11.36%.Conclusion The person's average daily intake of fluorine w as high in endemic fluorosis areas in Xinjiang.The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children and skeletal fluorosis in adults w ere mild in these areas.The qualified rate of brick tea w as low.It is important to supply the brick tea w ith low fluorine content in theses areas.
Cold stress reduces the acquisition of colostral immunoglobulin in piglets.

One-hundred and fourteen piglets were utilized in two experiments designed to determine the effect of a single or intermittent exposure to cold air on the acquisition of colostral gamma globulin. Piglets were allotted before nursing according to weight and sex to a thermoneutral (36 C) or a cold (10 C) treatment group. After nursing, gamma globulin in serum increased in both thermoneutral and cold-stressed piglets. However, the single 2.5-hr cold exposure near birth lowered (P less than .01) gamma globulin concentrations in serum at 14.5 hr of age and tended (P less than .10) to lower immunoglobulin levels at 24, 36 and 48 hr after thermal treatment. In the second experiment, three intermittent 1-hr exposures to 10 C during the first 15 hr of life consistently lowered serum gamma globulin by comparison with concentrations in the serum of piglets held at thermoneutrality (36 C), but these differences were not significant. Piglets dying before 21 days had lower (P less than .10 and P less than .01, Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively) gamma globulin concentrations in the serum during the first day of life than did those piglets that survived. These data indicate that a single 2.5-hr exposure to cold air temperatures at birth reduces the subsequent acquisition of colostral immunoglobulin. A reduction in the amount of antigen-specific antibody from colostrum may contribute to preweaning mortality among young pigs.
Evolution and Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets

We present evolution models predicting both the radius and effective temperature of the newly discovered extrasolar giant planets (EGPs). Theoretical spectra of 47 UMa b and 70 Vir b, two moderately hot EGPs whose atmospheres are dominated by absorption of water and methane, are compared to similar calculations for the brown dwarf Gl 229 B, and observations of Jupiter. On this basis, we predict that a wide variety of EGPs should be bright in the 4–5 µm spectral region.
Multiple Copies of Genes Coding for Nitrogenase in the Phototrophic Bacterium RhodopseudomonasCapsulata

Rcapsulata. capsulata is a phototrophic bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen anaerobically or microaerobically. Heterologous probes from Klebsiellapneumoniae and Anabaena were used to identify the genes for the structural components of nitrogenase (nifHDK) in R. capsulata. Multiple copies of all three genes were found. We cloned, from cosmid libraries, two HindIII fragments (11.8 kbp and 4.8 kbp) containing sequences homologous to the three structural genes. The 11.8 kbp fragment (copy I) was subcloned into the mobilizable vector pRK292, and the resulting plasmid was conjugated into Nif- point mutants. Complementation was observed with four mutants: J56, J 57, J 602 and PA1. This fragment was then mutagenized with Tn5, and the resulting plasmids were used in complementation and marker rescue experiments. The results indicate that in R. capsulata the nifHDK genes have the same organization and polarity as in K. pneumoniae. We then designed a method to make insertions and deletions at specific sites using the gene transfer agent, a defective phage which transduces 4.6 kbp linear fragments of DNA. Insertions and deletions in the 11.8 kbp (copy I) region generate a Nif- phenotype, confirming the results of the mutant complementation analyses, which indicate that, under laboratory conditions, only the copy I genes are active. However, at a low frequency, Nif+ pseudorevertants can be isolated. Some of these pseudorevertants retain the mutagenic insertion in the copy I gene, indicating that the extra copies can be activated to produce functional nitrogenase.
Appreciating the Significance of the Linde et al. v. Arab Bank, PLC “Terrorism” Bank Cases

This chapter provides an explanation for why the terrorist banking case of Linde et al. v. Arab Bank, PLC has captured the attention of so many journalists, legal scholars, financers, jurists, and others who are interested in combating terrorist finance. It also provides readers with a chronological list of some of the key historical events that impacted the legal trajectory of these cases, and it explains how a postcolonial approach allows readers to see some of the rhetorical and ideological features of these disputes that are usually missed in more formalistic or positivist studies of terrorist finance.
A note on mass equidistribution of holomorphic Siegel modular forms

Abstract Let F f ∈ S k ( Sp 2 n ( Z ) ) be the Ikeda lifting of a Hecke eigenform f ∈ S 2 k − n ( SL 2 ( Z ) ) with the normalization 〈 F f , F f 〉 = 1 . Let E ( Z ; s ) denote the Klingen Eisenstein series. In this paper we verify that lim k → ∞ ⁡ ∫ Sp 2 n ( Z ) \ H n E ( Z ; n 2 + i t ) | F f ( Z ) | 2 ( det ⁡ Y ) k d μ = 0 which is predicted by the mass equidistribution conjecture of Cogdell and Luo [CL] .
Effects of Geometrical, Environmental, and Petrophysical Parameters on Multi-Component Induction Measurements Acquired in High-Angle Wells

This paper describes a numerical study examining the effects of geometrical, environmental, and petrophysical parameters on multi-component electromagnetic (EM) induction logging measurements. Direct and cross-coupled induction measurements provide directional information on dipping and non-uniform structure, and enable the estimation of resistivities parallel and perpendicular to reservoir layers. However, geometrical, environmental, and petrophysical effects can significantly affect these measurements. Understanding the corresponding biasing effects aids in the interpretation of induction measurements and subsequently leads to more accurate and reliable formation evaluation. We perform numerical simulations of multi-component induction logging measurements with a 3D finite-difference modeling code. A suite of models is considered, including a layered reservoir with variable conditions such as borehole dip angle, invasion, and shoulder-bed electrical anisotropy. Analysis is carried further to examine the sensitivity of the multi-component measurements to the extent of the invasion zone in a deviated well and in the presence of shoulder-bed anisotropy. Finally, we examine the response due to non-symmetric invasion in a horizontal well by considering the interplay of several petrophysical properties involved in the process of mud-filtrate invasion and their effect on multi-component induction measurements. Simulations show that shoulder-bed effects across sand layers can be significant in the presence of shoulder-bed anisotropy, even at low values of dip angle. Measurements centered about sand layers exhibit sensitivity to the depth of mud-filtrate invasion. It is found that transverse-coil measurements exhibit different responses to the invasion fronts, indicating the potential ability of multi-component induction measurements to detect non-uniform invasion. In addition, shoulder-bed anisotropy has a considerable effect on invasion sensitivities to significantly alter the assessment of invasion in terms of invaded- and virgin-zone resistivities, radial length, and front shape.
The Nature of Damping in Sands

The problem of determining soil properties in the dynamic range of loading is discussed. Analytical solutions for two models, closely representing some of the systems that have been used to study the dynamic properties of soils, are presented, where the Kelvin-Voigt model (viscous damping) has been assumed to represent the material. Although sand is a complex material and no simple model will completely describe its behavior under all loading conditions, the Kelvin-Voigt model can be a useful tool for describing the behavior of dry sand subjected to small amplitude sinusoidal vibration, over a large frequency range. Experimental results, obtained from steady state and free vibration and static torsion tests, have been presented to show that for shear strain amplitudes in the order of 10 -6 to 10 -4 and for confining pressures between 500 and 3,000 psf and for frequencies less than 600 cps, the viscosity should be assumed to decrease with frequency such that the ratio, viscosity x frequency / shear modulus, is constant with frequency, in order to use this model. Values of this ratio for dry sand are given.
Ultrasound scatterer size estimation technique based on a 3D acoustic impedance map from histologic sections

Identifying the scatterers and obtaining accurate estimates of ultrasonic scatterer sizes are beneficial adjuncts to characterize (diagnose) disease from ultrasonic backscatterer measurements. A new scatterer size estimation technique has been developed that is based on a 3D acoustic impedance map. Ultrasonic scatterer estimation techniques rely extensively on form factor functions to obtain estimates, and 3D impedance maps can be used to derive independently form factors. The 3D acoustic impedance map is derived from a 3D histological data set of tissue, and is independent of ultrasonically acquired data. A rat fibroadenoma and a mouse 4T1 mouse mammary tumor (MMT) were fixed (10% neutral-buffered formalin), embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned at 10 /spl mu/m and 5 /spl mu/m respectively, and stained with H&E for histologic evaluation. Each section was digitally photographed through the light microscope. Tissue structures in each section were assigned distinct acoustic impedance values. The images from serial sections were aligned to yield two 3D impedance data set. A Gaussian form factor was used to estimate scatterer size and acoustic concentration. The scatterer size estimates were compared to previous values that were obtained from ultrasonic backscatterer measurements (also using a Gaussian form factor). For both 3D impedance maps, the relative difference between the size estimates were below 10%. The optimization scheme was also conducted on two simulated medium and led to relative errors below 1% for the scatterer size. This approach demonstrates that the use of 3D impedance maps has significant potential for improving parametric imaging by evaluating form factor functions.
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Humans Indoors

Research on the sources of indoor airborne chemicals has traditionally focused on outdoor air, building materials, furnishings, and activities such as smoking, cooking, and cleaning. Relatively little research has examined the direct role of occupant emissions, even though this source clearly contributes to indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and influences indoor chemistry. In this work, we quantify occupant-related gaseous VOC emissions in a university classroom using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Time-resolved concentrations of VOCs in room air and supply air were measured continuously during occupied and unoccupied periods. The emission factor for each human-emitted VOC was determined by dividing the occupant-associated source rate by the corresponding occupancy. Among the most abundant species detected were compounds associated with personal care products. Also prominent were human metabolic emissions, such as isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetic acid. Additiona...
A qualitative analysis of prescribers' and dispensers' views on improving prescription drug monitoring programs

Abstract Background Prescription drug abuse is epidemic in the United States (US). To help address the problem, most states operate prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs). PDMPs are designed to monitor and help control the distribution of controlled therapeutic medications and to assist prescribers and dispensers in making informed clinical decisions. To this end, PDMPs rely on timely and accurate data submission, as well as review of the data. Consequently, provider acceptance of these systems is essential to maximize their effectiveness. Objectives This article explores licensed prescribers' and dispensers' opinions regarding prescription drug monitoring. Methods The study surveyed licensed prescribers and dispensers about their experiences and views on drug monitoring, prescribing and dispensing practices, and on prescription drug abuse in general. Two open-ended questions were posed as part of a larger, end-user survey. The analysis culled thematically-coded excerpts to these two questions. Results Respondents offered a range of comments that unearthed important disagreements among prescribers and dispensers over the administration and ethics pertaining to PDMPs. At the same time, some respondents suggested means to enhance PDMPs functionality. Conclusion Attending to and rectifying providers' views, while considering their improvement suggestions may boost PDMPs effectiveness by maximizing buy-in and utilization. The potential speaks to advancing a tool that intends to help address alarming rates of prescription drug abuse.
Entity linking with a paraphrase flavor

The task of Named Entity Linking is to link entity mentions in the document to their correct entries in a knowledge base and to cluster NIL mentions. Ambiguous, misspelled, and incomplete entity mention names are the main challenges in the linking process. We propose a novel approach that combines two state-of-the-art models ― for entity disambiguation and for paraphrase detection ― to overcome these challenges. We consider name variations as paraphrases of the same entity mention and adopt a paraphrase model for this task. Our approach utilizes a graph-based disambiguation model based on Personalized Page Rank, and then refines and clusters its output using the paraphrase similarity between entity mention strings. It achieves a competitive performance of 80.5% in B3+F clustering score on diagnostic TAC EDL 2014 data.
Middle Temporal Gyrus Versus Inferior Temporal Gyrus Transcortical Approaches to High-Grade Astrocytomas in the Mediobasal Temporal Lobe: A Comparison of Outcomes, Functional Restoration, and Surgical Considerations.

Introduction High-grade astrocytomas of the mesial temporal lobe may pose surgical challenges. Several approaches (trans-sylvian, subtemporal, and transcortical) have been designed to circumnavigate the critical neurovascular structures and white fiber tracts that surround this area. Considering the paucity of literature on the transcortical approach for these lesions, we describe our institutional experience with transcortical approaches to Grade III/IV astrocytomas in the mesial temporal lobe.
A Clinic-Based Assessment for Evaluating Job-Related Social Skills in Adolescents and Adults with Autism

Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties obtaining and maintaining employment, yet little research has evaluated methods for assessing and improving critical vocational skills. In this study, we evaluated an assessment of job-related social skills for individuals with ASD by arranging conditions that simulated on-the-job experiences in a clinic setting. The experimenter contrived situations to assess a variety of social skills, including asking for help, asking for more materials, and responding to corrective feedback. A total of eight individuals, aged 16 to 32 years, participated. Results suggested that the assessment was useful for identifying specific social skills that could be targeted for intervention to increase success in the work environment. These findings add to the current literature by demonstrating an objective method for assessing a variety of job-related social skills under controlled, naturalistic conditions.
Severe vincristine-induced polyneuropathy in a teenager with anaplastic medulloblastoma and undiagnosed Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

Severe neuropathy is a known adverse effect of vincristine in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). We present the case of a 16-year-old girl with anaplastic medulloblastoma treated with gross total resection and high-dose craniospinal radiation with adjuvant vincristine chemotherapy who developed acute-onset severe quadriplegia and vocal cord paralysis. Vincristine and radiation therapy were discontinued. Although her neuropathy slowly improved over several weeks, she developed metastatic extraneural medulloblastoma and died 5 months after diagnosis. Subsequent genetic testing revealed previously asymptomatic and undiagnosed CMT1A. Our case highlights the importance of early recognition of acute vincristine neurotoxicity that should raise suspicion of an underlying hereditary neuropathy.
Universal screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancers: frequency of germline mutations and identification of patients with Lynch-like syndrome

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited clinical syndrome characterized by a high risk of colorectal, endometrial (lifetime risk of up to 60%), ovarian, and urinary tract cancers. The diagnosis is confirmed by identification of germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, or EPCAM. In 2015, our institution implemented universal screening of endometrial cancer (EC) hysterectomy specimens by mismatch repair immunohistochemistry (IHC) with reflex MLH1 promoter hypermethylation analysis for tumors with loss of MLH1/PMS2 expression. Patients with tumors negative for MLH1 methylation and those with a loss of the heterodimer pair MSH2 and MSH6, or isolated loss of either PMS2 or MSH6 were referred to the Familial Cancer Program for genetic counseling and consideration of germline testing. Between May 2015 to Dec 2016, 233 EC patients were screened by IHC for LS with a median age of 63 years. Sixty tumors (27%) had abnormal IHC staining results. Fifty-one (22%) harbored heterodimeric loss of MLH1 and PMS2, 49 of which showed MLH1 promoter methylation (1 failure, 1 negative). One showed loss of MLH1/PMS2 and MSH6, 2 showed loss of MSH2/MSH6, and 6 had isolated loss of MSH6 only. Ten patients underwent genetic counseling, and germline testing was performed in 8; LS was confirmed in 5 patients (2.1%). In addition, 3 patients with negative germline testing and presumed Lynch-like syndrome were identified and offered additional somatic testing. Universal screening for LS in EC patients has yielded positive results for identification of patients at risk for this inherited syndrome.