cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential is not essential to hepatocyte killing by allyl alcohol

Allyl alcohol-induced LDH leakage from isolated rat hepatocytes was preceded by a decrease in rhodamine 123 retention, signifying a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) prevented the drop in membrane potential and completely prevented cell killing by allyl alcohol. In contrast, cyclosporin A and trifluoperazine delayed the loss of membrane potential without affecting cytolethality. The results indicate that a drop in mitochondrial membrane potential is not essential for allyl alcohol lethality. The mitochondrial dysfunction produced by allyl alcohol appears to be the consequence of an earlier event in the toxicity that is reversible by DTT.
Association of socioeconomic status and CKD among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is recognized as a key social environmental factor because it has implications for access to resources that help individuals care for themselves and others. Few studies have examined the association of SES with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in high-risk populations. Study Design Single-site longitudinal population-based cohort. Setting & Participants Data for this study were drawn from the baseline examination of the Jackson Heart Study. The analytic cohort consisted of 3,430 African American men and women living in the tricounty region of the Jackson, MS, metropolitan area with complete data to determine CKD status. Predictor High SES (defined as having a family income at least 3.5 times the poverty level or having at least 1 undergraduate degree). Outcomes & Measurements CKD (defined as the presence of albuminuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate [ 2 ]). Associations were explored using bivariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for CKD and cardiovascular disease risk factors, as well as demographic factors. Results The prevalence of CKD in the Jackson Heart Study was 20% (865 of 3,430 participants). Proportions of the Jackson Heart Study cohort with albuminuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate were 12.5% (429 of 3,430 participants) and 10.1% (347 of 3,430 participants), respectively. High SES was associated inversely with CKD. The odds of having CKD were 41% lower for affluent participants than their less affluent counterparts. There were no statistically significant interactions between sex and education or income, although subgroup analysis showed that high income was associated with CKD in men (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.97), but not women (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-1.03). Limitations Models were estimated using cross-sectional data. Conclusion CKD is associated with SES. Additional research is needed to elucidate the impact of wealth and social contexts in which individuals are embedded and the mediating effects of sociocultural factors.
What can we learn from chest radiographs in hypoxemic asthmatics

Background: Chest radiographs (X-rays) are frequently obtained on children with asthma exacerbations who remain hypoxemic after therapy even though their utility has not been evaluated. Objective: To compare X-rays in hypoxemic and non-hypoxemic asthmatic children. Methods: Over 21 months, X-rays were obtained on all persistently hypoxemic asthmatics (1–17 years, oxygen saturation <93% in room air), and some non-hypoxemic asthmatics. A pediatric radiologist blinded to the patients' symptoms evaluated each X-ray for lung size, extravascular lung fluid, and atelectasis. Clinical outcomes including duration of hypoxemia, length of hospital stay, and admission to the PICU were assessed through chart audit after hospital discharge. Results: A total of 445 patients were enrolled and stratified into four groups based on initial and post-treatment pulse oximetry measurements. Hypoxemic groups I and II were more likely to have large or small lungs (P<0.05), severe interstitial fluid (P<0.01), and atelectasis (P<0.01) compared to non-hypoxemic group IV. Group I was more likely to have fluid in the alveolar space compared to all other groups (P<0.01). Within hypoxemic group I, there was no association between any radiographic findings and our clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Large or small lung sizes, extravascular fluid, and atelectasis were more common in the X-rays of hypoxemic asthmatics.
Desire and pleasure in John Pollock’s Thinking about Acting

The first third of John Pollock’s Thinking about Acting is on the topics of pleasure, desire, and preference, and these topics are the ones on which this paper focuses. I review Pollock’s position and argue that it has at least one substantial strength (it elegantly demonstrates that desires must be more fundamental than preferences, and embraces this conclusion wholeheartedly) and at least one substantial weakness (it holds to a form of psychological hedonism without convincingly answering the philosophical or empirical objections that might be raised).
On the linear birth and death processes of biology as Markoff chains

Stochastic Markoff models for the linear birth and death population growth processes of biology are constructed using the Q-matrix method of Doob. The relationship of the stochastic theory to the classical deterministic foundations of these processes is stressed by showing in detail how the classical postulates are mathematically transformed via the Q-matrix elements into the basis for a stationary Markoff process with continuous time parameter and denumerably many “populations states.” It is shown that the resulting stochastic models predict that the population size will fluctuate about the deterministic time curve, the extent of fluctuation being measured by the variance functions. General formulas covering all possible transitions from one population size to another are derived.
Pricing imitative new products

Abstract This article develops an operational procedure for pricing an imitative new product that targets business customers. We view entry pricing as a component of overall entry strategy and suggest that an effective pricing must be consistent with the product's user-benefit, market-entry time, and overall positioning strategy. The results confirm that the entry price is positively associated with the product's user-benefit and negatively related to the product's entry time.
The temperature field above a concentrated heat source on a vertical adiabatic surface

Abstract This investigation presents detailed measurements of the laminar temperature field above a highly localized heat source on an instrumented, transparent, vertical adiabatic surface in water. This flow situation is particularly complicated because it is three-dimensional. Small diameter thermocouples were used to measure both the surface temperature variation and the temperature profile in the fluid above the heat source for a range of heat flux. In addition, a Schlieren system was used to visualize the spanwise and normal thermal boundary layers. The downstream growth of the spanwise boundary layer was found to be relatively weak (proportional to x 1 5 ), while the boundary-layer thickness normal to the surface above the source was found to increase linearly with downstream distance, x. By comparing these results to those of the well-known point and line source plumes, we conclude that this preferential growth is attributed to the effect of the surface on the entrainment of ambient fluid. Our measurements indicate that the surface temperature above the source decays proportional to x−0.77. This is between the x-independence found for a point source plume (x−1) and a line source of heat on an adiabatic surface ( x − 3 5 ). Appropriate scaling functions were also determined which collapse measured temperature data for various heat flux and location to a single curve.
Pathology of skull base tumors

Skull base surgery has evolved into an important surgical subspecialty that deals with a wide variety of tumors, including benign and malignant tumors. The neoplasms may be primary or may secondarily involve the skull base. A number of these tumors are unique to the skull base because of the distribution of specialized cells or tissues specific to the region. The complex anatomy of this region requires a multidisciplinary approach to skull base neoplasms. At the time of initial diagnosis, close communication between the surgeon and pathologist is necessary for procurement of adequate tissue for diagnosis and ancillary studies. It is imperative that the surgeon and pathologist be in direct communication regarding sites of surgical margins of greatest concern and orientation of these complex resection specimens. This approach facilitates accurate assessment of the surgical margins that are vital to clinical outcome. ANGIOFIBROMAS Angiofibroma is a rare histologically benign fibrovascular tumor that occurs almost exclusively in adolescent males (aged 10-25 years). The origin of these lesions is believed to be a vascular nidus in the posterolateral wall of the nasal cavity near the sphenopalatine f~ramen.~, 24 Other reported paranasal origins include the maxillary sinus and ethm~ids.~ These lesions may be destructive locally and grow secondarily into the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa, or cranium? The majority of patients with angiofibromas present with a history of recurrent severe epistaxis and complaint of nasal obstruction. Radiographic examination usually reveals a soft tissue mass in the nasopharynx of an adolescent male with anterior bowing of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus (Holman Miller sign). This radiographic finding is pathognomonic for angiofibroma. The blood supply may be bilateral or unilateral. The vascular source is usually from ~~
Chemotherapy alone for early Hodgkin's lymphoma: an emerging option.

Early stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a highly curable disease. Combined chemotherapy and radiation has resulted in high freedom-from-progression rates at 5 to 12 years in the range of 93% for stages I and II patients with asymptomatic presentations and approximately 85% for those with unfavorable disease characteristics. 1-3 The revelation of serious cardiac and second malignancy issues in long-term survivors treated with radiotherapy has prompted a reconsideration of its role when used alone or combined with chemotherapy. Thus, there is a serious need to assess the benefits of chemotherapy alone in patients with early stage disease, especially in those without bulky presentations. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology is the publication of a trial conducted by the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCI-C) in collaboration with the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) addressing the role of chemotherapy alone for early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. 4 The trial was conceived in the early 1990s, when subtotal nodal radiation therapy with splenic irradiation was the standard treatment in Canada for clinically staged patients with early nonbulky stage I to IIA disease. The experimental arm was the chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine (ABVD) alone for four cycles if a complete response (CR) was achieved after two cycles. Otherwise, patients received six cycles. The standard arm was radiation therapy alone, unless one of the following was present: erythocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 50 mm/h, or four or more nodal sites, in which case patients received two cycles of ABVD before protocol irradiation. Approximately 70% of 399 total patients had one or two of these unfavorable features. Thus, for a considerable fraction of the patient population, the study was a comparison of combined-modality therapy with chemotherapy alone. At a median follow-up of 4.3 years, freedom from progression (FFP) was the only parameter that reached statistical significance, in which the standard arm had a FFP of 94% compared with 88% for chemotherapy alone (P .04). This difference was confined to the unfavorable group. Further, there were no differences in the event-free and overall survivals. Although the standard arm of this trial is no longer used, subsequent trials have confirmed that combined-modality therapy is superior in FFP compared to radiation alone and that chemotherapy with involved-field radiation therapy is comparable in benefit to more extensive-field radiation plus the same chemotherapy. 5
Hydropower-related pulsed-flow impacts on stream fishes: a brief review, conceptual model, knowledge gaps, and research needs

The societal benefits of hydropower systems (e.g., relatively clean electrical power, water supply, flood control, and recreation) come with a cost to native stream fishes. We reviewed and synthesized the literature on hydropower-related pulsed flows to guide resource managers in addressing significant impacts while avoiding unnecessary curtailment of hydropower operations. Dams may release pulsed flows in response to needs for peaking power, recreational flows, reservoir storage adjustment for flood control, or to mimic natural peaks in the hydrograph. Depending on timing, frequency, duration, and magnitude, pulsed flows can have adverse or beneficial short and long-term effects on resident or migratory stream fishes. Adverse effects include direct impacts to fish populations due to (1) stranding of fishes along the changing channel margins, (2) downstream displacement of fishes, and (3) reduced spawning and rearing success due to redd/nest dewatering and untimely or obstructed migration. Beneficial effects include: (1) maintenance of habitat for spawning and rearing, and (2) biological cues to trigger spawning, hatching, and migration. We developed a basic conceptual model to predict the effects of different types of pulsed flow, identified gaps in knowledge, and identified research activities to address these gaps. There is a clear need for a quantitative framework incorporating mathematical representations of field and laboratory results on flow, temperature, habitat structure, fish life stages by season, fish population dynamics, and multiple fish species, which can be used to predict outcomes and design mitigation strategies in other regulated streams experiencing pulsed flows.
Host Identification via USB Fingerprinting

Determining a computer's identity is a challenge of critical importance to a forensics investigator. However, relay and impersonation attacks can defeat even computers that contain trusted computing hardware. In this paper, we consider how to leverage the virtually ubiquitous USB interface to uniquely identify computers based on the characteristics of their hardware, firmware, and software USB stacks. We use a USB protocol analyzer to collect data on 24 machines connected to a range of different USB devices, and demonstrate through machine learning classification techniques that we can differentiate not only between operating systems, but between seemingly unnoticeable differences in machine model types as well. We also show that we can differentiate between real and virtualized hosts responding to USB stimuli, and point to new ways of recognizing remote attacks. These results are a first step in showing that USB is a novel and effective means of identifying machines, and a valuable tool in the arsenal of a forensics kit.
Cryobiological studies of yeast mitochondria.

Summary Mitochondria from the yeast S. cerevisiae have been shown to be particularly suited for cryobiological studies, since they may be frozen and thawed without detectable injury to either structure or function. Mitochondria are frozen in the usual isolation medium containing mannitol and serum albumin, and no penetrating cryoprotective agent such as dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol is required. Yeast cells have been stored at 4°C for at least 9 days, and isolated mitochondria for 30 days or more, in liquid N2 without appreciable change in mitochondrial Qo2, ADP:O, or adenosine diphosphate-linked respiratory control. Stored mitochondria retain normal morphology and capacity for adenine nucleotide translocation. Respiratory control has been preserved for as long as 53 days. Improved isolation methods together with these storage techniques have permitted study of intact yeast mitochondria with a facility virtually unattainable with mitochondria from other cell types. Mitochondria isolated from a yeast mutant with deficient aerobic energy metabolism exhibit increased lability during freezing and thawing. Both Qo2 and respiratory control are greatly reduced.
Dexamethasone suppresses phospholipase C activation and insulin secretion from isolated rat islets

Dexamethasone inhibits insulin secretion from isolated islets. In the present experiments, possible underlying biochemical mechanisms responsible for defective secretion were explored. Dexamethasone (1 micromol/L) had no immediate deleterious effect on 15 mmol/L glucose-induced insulin release from perifused rat islets. However, a 3-hour preincubation period with 1 micromol/L dexamethasone resulted in parallel reductions in both the first (64%) and second phases (74%) of 15 mmol/L glucose-induced insulin secretion monitored during a dynamic perifusion. When measured after the perifusion, there were no differences in insulin content or in the capacity of control or dexamethasone-treated islets to use glucose. Dexamethasone (1 micromol/L) preexposure also reduced phorbol ester- and potassium-induced secretion. In additional experiments, islets were labeled for 3 hours with 3H-inositol in the presence or absence of 1 micromol/L dexamethasone. The steroid did not affect total 3H-inositol incorporation during the labeling period. However, the capacity of 15 mmol/L glucose, 30 mmol/L KCl, and 100 micromol/L carbachol to activate phospholipase C (PLC), monitored by the accumulation of labeled inositol phosphates, was significantly reduced in dexamethasone-pretreated islets. Inclusion of the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486 (mifepristone, 10 micromol/L) abolished the adverse effects of dexamethasone on both glucose-induced inositol phosphate accumulation and insulin secretion. Quantitative Western blot analyses revealed that the islet contents of PLCdelta1, PLCbeta1, beta2, beta3, and protein kinase C alpha were unaffected by dexamethasone pretreatment. These findings demonstrate that dexamethasone pretreatment impairs insulin secretion via a genomic action and that impaired activation of the PLC/protein kinase C signaling system is involved in the evolution of its inhibitory effect on secretion.
Chestnut lodge and the psychoanalytic approach to psychosis

The study of psychosis has a long history in psychoanalysis, as does the debate over the suitability of psychoanalysis for treating schizophrenia. For decades, Chestnut Lodge was not only a hospita...
Predicting adolescents’ decisions about fighting: A test of the theory of planned behavior

This investigation examines the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict and explain adolescents’ decisions to engage in physical aggression. Three hundred and fifty‐nine seventh‐grade boys and girls enrolled in two public junior high schools in a large Midwestern city completed a survey assessing components of the TPB as they related to the behavior under investigation. Contrary to predictions made by the TPB, subjective norms was not a significant predictor of behavioral intent. Consistent with the TPB, attitudes and perceived behavioral control predicted behavioral intent, and behavioral intent and perceived behavioral control predicted behavior. No gender differences were observed for the five variables under investigation or in the fit of the model. Implications for the TPB and for the development of youth violence prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
Scale-up strategy for bioreactors with Newtonian and non-Newtonian broths

In the scale-up of bioreactors one of the most commonly used criteria for aerobic processes is to keep the oxygen transfer coefficient constant. Nevertheless, the reproduction of the behaviour of a cell population at different scales is not dependent just on the oxygen transfer capability but rather on the oxygen transfer rate, that must be high enough to cope with the oxygen demand of the culture. In this work a strategy of scale-up is proposed based in geometric similarity, constant impeller tip speed, and constant oxygen transfer rate. The effects of the dissolved oxygen concentration, the scale-up ratio and the rheology of the broth are analysed.
Twists of Galois Representations and Projective Automorphisms

Abstract We show that two surjective λ -adic Galois representations which are λ -adically close near the supersingular primes are equivalent up to a twist and a standard automorphism of GL n . In particular, two elliptic curves over a number field which are locally twist of each other in fact differ by a global twist. The proof depends on determining the automorphisms of PGL n over a complete local ring.
Multigrid solution of the two-dimensional Euler equations on unstructured triangular meshes

A multigrid algorithm has been developed to accelerate the convergence of the Euler equations to a steady state on unstructured triangular meshes. The method operates on a sequence of coarse and fine unstructured meshes and assumes no relation exists between the various meshes. A tree-search algorithm is used to efficiently identify regions of overlap between coarse and fine grid cells. The multigrid method is applied to two different discretizations of the Euler equations, and results about multi-element airfoils are presented. For both discretization schemes, convergence is accelerated by an order of magnitude, resulting in convergence rates comparable to those obtained with structured multigrid algorithms.
Feeling bad? The “Power” of positive thinking may not apply to everyone

Abstract The present studies demonstrate that effects of cognitive strategies on emotions are moderated by neuroticism. In Study 1, individuals low in neuroticism who used effective strategies extensively felt less negative emotions in a hypothetical unpleasant situation than those who used such strategies minimally. However, cognitive strategy use did not affect individuals high in neuroticism. Study 2 found a similar moderating effect when participants were taught to use the different types of cognitive strategies. Likewise, reappraising a past unpleasant event helped low-neuroticism individuals feel less negative about it than their counterparts who focused on the event, but did not help high-neuroticism individuals (Study 3). In conclusion, cognitive strategies strongly influenced how low-neuroticism individuals felt, but had no effects on high-neuroticism individuals.
An Internal Rearrangement in an Arabidopsis Inverted Repeat Locus Impairs DNA Methylation Triggered by the Locus

In plants, transcribed inverted repeats trigger RNA interference (RNAi) and DNA methylation of identical sequences. RNAi is caused by processing of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transcript into small RNAs that promote degradation of complementary RNA sequences. However, the signals for DNA methylation remain to be fully elucidated. The Arabidopsis tryptophan biosynthetic PAI genes provide an endogenous inverted repeat that triggers DNA methylation of PAI-identical sequences. In the Wassilewskija strain, two PAI genes are arranged as a tail-to-tail inverted repeat and transcribed from an unmethylated upstream promoter. This locus directs its own methylation, as well as methylation of two unlinked singlet PAI genes. Previously, we showed that the locus is likely to make an RNA signal for methylation because suppressed transcription of the inverted repeat leads to reduced PAI methylation. Here we characterize a central rearrangement in the inverted repeat that also confers reduced PAI methylation. The rearrangement creates a premature polyadenylation signal and suppresses readthrough transcription into palindromic PAI sequences. Thus, a likely explanation for the methylation defect of the mutant locus is a failure to produce readthrough dsRNA methylation triggers.
Identification of a functional CT-element in the Phytophthora infestans piypt1 gene promoter.

Abstract CT-rich sequences of incompletely characterized function have been found in the gene promoter regions of many organisms, fungi and members of the genus Phytophthora prominently among them. We describe here an in vitro analysis of CT-element function in regulating transcription of the Phytophthora infestans piypt1 gene, a gene that encodes a monomeric G-protein believed to be involved in regulation of vesicle transport (Chen and Roxby (1996) Gene 181, 89–94). The results of the promoter analysis indicate that a 17-bp CT-element lying close to the transcription start point of this gene is important in determining the frequency of transcription initiation. Competition experiments suggest that transcription factors bind to the CT element. A subregion lying at the 5′-end of the CT-element resembles an Inr element, a type of CT-rich transcription regulator first discovered in some mammalian genes. This Inr-like subregion appears to be more important in the interactions leading to transcription initiation than more downstream regions within this CT-element. Two proteins, of 37 and 45 kDa, respectively, that bind to the CT-element and are presumed to be transcription factors were detected in P. infestans nuclear extracts by southwestern blotting.
Coal Combustion Fly Ash Characterization: Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy

The surface and bulk properties of five samples of fly ash have been examined by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA). Samples from a conventional pulverized coal combustor, a conventional stoker-fed combustor, and an experimental fluidized bed combustor (FBC) were examined. ESCA data indicated that all samples contained silicon, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, carbon, oxygen, and sulfur and all but one contained titanium. Samples from the conventional combustors contained more carbon than samples from the FBC. FBC samples contained large amounts of calcium and magnesium. Valence states of some elements were obtained by a detailed examination of selected ESCA peaks. Sputtering was performed on two samples to obtain a depth profile of the composition. The EDXA data confirmed the presence of silicon, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, sulfur, and titanium while chlorine was detected in some samples. The EDXA data for individual particles exhibited marked particle to particle compositional variation. SEM studies demonstrated that the morphology of FBC samples was different from that of all of the conventional combustor samples examined.
Starch characteristics of dry peas (Pisum sativum L.) grown in the USA.

Abstract Starch samples from seven major dry pea ( Pisum sativum L.) cultivars grown in North Dakota, US was isolated and their physicochemical properties investigated. The objective of the study was to establish the basic foundation of advanced research on physical and chemical modification to improve the functionality of dry pea starches grown in the region. Isolated starch samples were analysed by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Amylose percentages were in the range of 32.2–41.1%. Granules were elliptical or spherical with smooth surfaces based on microscopic analysis. Starch samples had similar gelatinisation transition temperatures and displayed ‘C patterns’. The swelling factors of dry pea starches influenced by temperature were determined at 10° intervals between 50 and 90 °C with continuous mixing. The pasting profiles were studied using a rapid visco analyzer (RVA), which exhibited different pasting profiles. This study indicated that dry pea cultivars grown in the region possess starch with different physicochemical characteristics.
Reproductive seasonality and annual fecundity in Arcidens confragosus (Unionidae: Unioninae: Anodontini) from Tennessee River, Alabama, USA

Specimens of Arcidens confragosus (Say 1829) were collected monthly from the Tennessee River, Pickwick Reservoir, Alabama, USA, between 21 March 2000 and 26 February 2001. A total of 143 individuals were examined. Microscopic and gross examinations of gonadal and marsupial tissue were used to determine temporal patterns of gamete production, spawning, brooding, and glochidia discharge. In addition, 14 females were collected between October and January to obtain estimates of annual fecundity and three gravid females were used to study internal morphology of gill tissue. The male-to-female sex ratio was equal in the population and individuals reproduced once during their annual cycle. Gametogenesis began in May, peaked in July and August, and spawning occurred between August and September. Embryos were found in September and mature glochidia were brooded between September and February. Fecundity estimates ranged from 75,833–897,500 ( = 408, 452). Secondary water tubes were found within the marsupial gills...
Molecular genetic analysis of nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency associated with HLA-B14,DR1.

Abstract Nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a frequent, relatively mild disorder of cortisol biosynthesis, characterized by variable signs of postnatal androgen excess. It is inherited...
WITHDRAWN: Welcome from the Editor

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the eyelid.

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the skin is a rare entity arising from eccrine sweat glands with a propensity for local recurrence and metastasis. This tumor has been widely reported in the ophthalmology literature, but not to our knowledge in the otolaryngology literature. A case of a 48-year-old man with a mucinous adenocarcinoma extensively involving the right eyelid and orbit necessitating craniofacial resection is presented together with a discussion of the pathology, clinical features, and management. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flow patterns in radial flow hollow fiber reverse osmosis systems

Abstract In the past, mathematical models describing the separation characteristics of radial flow hollow fiber reverse osmossis units have used ideal plug-flow models. Recently, Soltanieh and Gill [1,2] have developed a model based on the assumption of complete mixing on the shell side of these modules. The purpose of this study is to determine by independent experiments which flow model best described these units, and describe radial flow packed bed systems in general. Experimentally obtained tracer-response curves are compared to theoretical response curves based on the plug-flow and complete-mixed models. A theoretical model which is based on Darcy's law for time variable flow, the complete-mix time variable (CMTV) flow model, was found to fit the experimental data well.
Establishment of transfer standard for holmium-166-DOTMP.

Abstract The measurement of 166Ho, both as a chloride solution and as [166Ho]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylenephoonic acid (DOTMP), was examined for four models of radionuclide calibrators: Capintec CRC-35R (two chambers), Capintec 712MX, AtomLab 100 (two chambers), and a Capintec CRC-12. Holmium-166 chloride was measured as 16 ml in 20-ml glass dose vials. Diagnostic imaging level [166Ho]DOTMP solutions, nominally 400 MBq g−1, were measured as 12 ml in 20-ml dose vials. Finally, therapeutic level [166Ho]DOTMP solutions, nominally 9 GBq g−1, were measured as aliquots of 100–500 μl in sealed plastic vials of 10-ml saline. Single calibration factors for each instrument manufacturer are recommended for 12–16-ml of either solution in 20-ml glass dose vials, (673±9)×10 and 72.7±0.7, for the Capintec and AtomLab models, respectively. Calibration factors recommended for the therapeutic dose geometry are (706±6)×10 and 68.7±1.3, for the Capintec and AtomLab models, respectively. The calibration factors recommended for an NIST 5-ml ampoule are (686±5)×10 and 70.9±0.4 for the Capintec and AtomLab models, respectively.
Fine Genetic Map of Mouse Chromosome 10 around the Polycystic Kidney Disease Gene, jcpk, and Ankyrin 3

Abstract A chlorambucil (CHL)-induced mutation of thejcpk(juvenile congenital polycystic kidney disease) gene causes a severe early onset polycystic kidney disease. In an intercross involvingMus musculus castaneus, jcpkwas precisely mapped 0.2 cM distal toD10Mit115and 0.8 cM proximal toD10Mit173.In addition, five genes,Cdc2a, Col6a1, Col6a2, Bcr,andAnk3were mapped in both thisjcpkintercross and a (BALB/c × CAST/Ei)F1× BALB/c backcross. All five genes were eliminated as possible candidates forjcpkbased on the mapping data. Thejcpkintercross allowed the orientation of theAnk3gene relative to the centromere to be determined.D10Mit115, D10Mit173, D10Mit199,andD10Mit200were separated genetically in this cross. The order and genetic distances of all markers and gene loci mapped in thejcpkintercross were consistent with those derived from the BALB/c backcross, indicating that the CHL-induced lesion has not generated any gross chromosomal abnormalities detectable in these studies.
Short-Wavelength Collective Excitations in Liquid Rubidium Observed by Coherent Neutron Scattering

The short-wavelength collective excitations in liquid rubidium at 320 K have been studied by coherent neutron scattering. For values of $\ensuremath{\kappa}=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ up to 1.0 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, clear evidence of propagating modes was found from the shape of the scattering function $S(\ensuremath{\kappa}, \ensuremath{\omega})$ at constant values of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. This result shows that the existence of such modes does not depend upon either quantum effects or low thermal population of the modes.
An Automatic Impedance Recorder for X-Band

A broadband, low-power, automatic impedance recorder of good accuracy has been developed for the X-band frequency range. The instrument will accept any impedance which has an X-band waveguide input and will plot an ink graph of either the impedance or the admittance upon a standard Smith type impedance chart. If the test impedance is one of low mismatch, the instrument can be switched to an expanded Smith chart scale and thus provide greater plotting accuracy near the matched condition. The plane of impedance measurement, or "reference terminals," of the instrument may be located at any point desired along the waveguide transmission line leading to the test impedance and will remain fixed for all frequencies in the operating band. An rf impedance circuit utilizing broadband waveguide components extracts the amplitude and phase information which operates electromechanical servos in the amplifier-recorder unit. The components presently in use give an operating bandwidth from 8400 mc to 9900 mc, and the arrangement is such that the system will operate on any incident rf power level within the range of about 20 to 250 milliwatts. Everyday laboratory use of the instrument by both professional and nonprofessional personnel has shown it to be accurate, reliable, and a great time saver. . Lab., Washington, D.C., August, 1953.
Diffusion LMS algorithms with information exchange

We consider the problem of distributed estimation, where a set of nodes are required to collectively estimate some parameter of interest. We motivate and propose new versions of the diffusion LMS algorithm, including a version that outperforms previous solutions without increasing the complexity or communications, and others that obtain even better performance by allowing additional communications. We analyze their performance and compare with simulation results.
Subitizing and Early Mathematics Standards: A Winning Combination

Abstract In early childhood and primary (PreK–2) grades, subitizing is a critical skill that helps children meet early mathematics standards. Discover ways teachers can infuse this critical skill into their math curriculum.
Sol-Gel and Ultrafine Particle Formation via Dielectric Tuning of Inorganic Salt-Alcohol-Water Solutions.

Abstract Under some conditions, inorganic salts can be as good precursors for sol–gel-type processing as those obtained from expensive metalloorganic precursors such as alkoxides. In this work, the formation of monodispersed hydrous zirconia microsphere particles (particularly nanosized) and gels was achieved in solutions of zirconyl chloride dissolved in alcohol–water mixed solvents. The dielectric property of the mixed alcohol–water solvent directly affects the nucleation and growth of zirconia clusters/particles in homogeneous solutions. A lower dielectric constant of mixed solvent corresponds to a lower solubility of inorganic solute and, thus, a shorter induction period for nucleation as well as higher solid particle growth kinetics. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to monitor the homogeneous nucleation and growth processes, while final particles and gels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD). The sol–gel processes in the mixed solvent system can be adjusted using the processing parameters, including the initial inorganic salt concentration ( C ), alcohol/aqueous medium volume ratio of the mixed solution (RH), incubation temperature ( T ), incubation time ( t ), concentration of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), and ammonia neutralization. Monodispersed submicron and nanoscale ( −3 g/cm 3 ) and ammonia neutralization. Initial salt concentration affects the particle size significantly. Gel materials were obtained under conditions of low RH (1.0). Microstructure and transparency of gels changed significantly from low (0.05 M) to high (0.2 M) concentration of the metal salt. We have also demonstrated that monodispersed particle production can be achieved not only at low temperatures (
Idealized models of protofilaments of human islet amyloid polypeptide.

Fibrils formed by assembly of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) are found in most patients with type II diabetes. Structurally, these fibrils are composed of multiple protofilaments and are characterized by extended beta sheets, variable helical twists, and different morphologies. We have previously derived models for the hIAPP protofilament using simulations constrained by data from EPR spectroscopy. In the current work, these models were used as a basis for generating idealized hIAPP protofilaments with symmetrical geometrical properties using a new algorithm, MFIBRIL. We show good agreement of the idealized protofilaments with experimental data for amino acid side chain orientations and geometrical features including the inter-β sheet distance and the protofilament radius. These idealized protofilaments can be used in MFIBRIL to generate fibril models that may be experimentally testable at the molecular level. MFIBRIL can also be used for building structures of any repetitive molecular assembly s...
Magnetic-Field Sensor with Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fiber

A new magnetic-field sensor composed of polarization-maintaining fibers and a distributed feedback semiconductor laser diode have been fabricated. Minimum detectable magnetic field of 3 x 10^-6Oe / fiber meter is demonstrated.
The First Highly Stable Homochiral Olefin−Copper(I) 2D Coordination Polymer Grid Based on Quinine as a Building Block

Solvothermal reactions of quinine with CuICl or CuIBr yield the two highly stable homochiral copper(I)−olefin coordination polymers Cu8Cl10(H-quinine)2 (1) and Cu8Br10(H-quinine)2 (2), respectively, in which both 1 and 2 are 2D layered networks and are isostructural. The electric hysteresis loop of 1 clearly shows it displays a typical ferroelectric behavior with a remanent polarization (Pr) of ca. 0.12 μC cm-2.
Perfomance-based adaptive tracking control of robot manipulators

This article presents two new adaptive schemes for the motion control of robot manipulators. The proposed controllers are very general and computationally efficient because they do not require knowledge of either the mathematical model or the parameter values of the manipulator dynamics, and are implemented without calculation of the robot inverse dynamics or inverse kinematic transformation. It is shown that the control strategies are globally stable in the presence of bounded disturbances, and that in the absence of disturbances the ultimate bound on the size of the tracking errors can be made arbitrarily small. Computer simulation results are given for a PUMA 560 manipulator, and demonstrate that accurate and robust trajectory tracking can be achieved by using the proposed controllers. Experimental results are presented for an IMI Zebra Zero manipulator and confirm that the control schemes provide a simple and effective means of obtaining high-performance trajectory tracking. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristics of the Pediatric Patients Treated by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network's Affiliated EMS Agencies

Objective. To describe pediatric patients transported by the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network's (PECARN's) affiliated emergency medical service (EMS) agencies and the process of su...
Trends and Predictors of Smoking Cessation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1999 to 2010)

Smoke-free ordinance implementation and advances in smoking cessation (SC) treatment have occurred in the past decade; however, little is known about their impact on SC in patients with coronary artery disease. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,306 consecutive patients from Olmsted County, Minnesota, who underwent their first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 1999 to 2009, and assessed the trends and predictors of SC after PCI. Smoking status was ascertained by structured telephone survey 6 and 12 months after PCI (ending in 2010). The prevalence of smoking in patients who underwent PCI increased nonsignificantly from 20% in 1999 to 2001 to 24% in 2007 to 2009 (p = 0.14), whereas SC at 6 months after PCI decreased nonsignificantly from 50% (1999 to 2001) to 49% (2007 to 2009), p = 0.82. The 12-month quit rate did not change significantly (48% in 1999 to 2001 vs 56% in 2007 to 2009, p = 0.38), even during the time periods after the enactment of smoke-free policies. The strongest predictor of SC at 6 months after PCI was participation in cardiac rehabilitation (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05 to 4.91, p
The Distinctive Character of Nursing Psychotherapy

(1984). The Distinctive Character of Nursing Psychotherapy. Issues in Mental Health Nursing: Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 1-19.
Lord Byron’s Feminist Canon: Notes toward Its Construction

Lord Byron took a highly ambivalent attitude toward female authorship, and yet his poetry, letters, and journals exhibit many proofs of the power of women’s language and perceptions. He responded to, borrowed from, and adapted parts of the works of Maria Edgeworth, Harriet Lee, Madame de Stael, Mary Shelley, Elizabeth Inchbald, Hannah Cowley, Joanna Baillie, Lady Caroline Lamb, Mary Robinson, and Charlotte Dacre. The influence of women writers on his career may also be seen in the development of the female (and male) characters in his narrative poetry and drama. This essay focuses on the influence upon Byron of Lee, Inchbald, Stael, Dacre, and Lamb, and secondarily on Byron’s response to intellectual women like Lady Oxford, Lady Melbourne, as well as the works of male writers, such as Thomas Moore, Percy Shelley, and William Wordsworth, who affected his portrayal of the genders.
Detection of aerosolized cells during carbon dioxide laparoscopy

Laparoscopic surgery for malignancy has been complicated by port-site recurrences. The exact mechanism has yet to be defined. In vitro studies suggest that carbon dioxide-induced tumor cell aerosolization may play a role. We have attempted to document this in a human model. Patients scheduled for elective laparoscopy underwent port placement and abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide. A suction trap was then filled with 40 cc of normal saline solution and attached to an insufflation site on the port. The carbon dioxide effluent was directed through the saline. The specimen was concentrated, resuspended, and transferred to a slide. A Papanicolaou stain was used. Thirty-five specimens were obtained. Fifteen patients (37%) had malignant disease, which was metastatic in eight. Five patients had carcinomatosis. In two of those with carcinomatosis, staining revealed a large number of malignant cells. Malignant cells were not found in any other patients. In two patients, however, aerosolized mesothelial cells were identified. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 7 months. One patient who displayed cellular aerosolization developed a port-site recurrence. We conclude that malignant cells are aerosolized but only during laparoscopy in the presence of carcinomatosis. It is unlikely that tumor cell aerosolization contributes significantly to port-site metastasis.
Single-Atom Optical Clock with High Accuracy

For the past 50 years, atomic standards based on the frequency of the cesium ground-state hyperfine transition have been the most accurate time pieces in the world. We now report a comparison between the cesium fountain standard NIST-F1, which has been evaluated with an inaccuracy of about $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$, and an optical frequency standard based on an ultraviolet transition in a single, laser-cooled mercury ion for which the fractional systematic frequency uncertainty was below $7.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$. The absolute frequency of the transition was measured versus cesium to be 1 064 721 609 899 144.94 (97) Hz, with a statistically limited total fractional uncertainty of $9.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$, the most accurate absolute measurement of an optical frequency to date.
A division algorithm for polynomial matrices

A new algorithm is presented for directly determining both the quotient and the remainder associated with the division of one polynomial matrix by another. The procedure requires that the denominator matrix be column proper with nonzero column degrees. However, unlike earlier algorithms, only real matrix multiplications are employed; i.e., there is no need for matrix inversions, either explicit or implicit.
A Differential Evolution Algorithm for the Winner Determination Problem in Combinatorial Auctions

Abstract In this paper, a differential evolution algorithm (DE) is studied for the optimal winner determination problem (WDP) in combinatorial auctions. Experiments on various benchmark problems are performed to show and compare the effectiveness of our approach. The comparisons between DE and hybrid simulated annealing (SAGII), genetic algorithms (GA) and memetic algorithms(MA) show that the DE provides competitive results and finds good quality solutions.