cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence of Colonization Determines the Composition of Mixed Biofilms by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O111:H8 Strains.

Bacterial biofilms are one of the potential sources of cross-contamination in food processing environments. Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and O111:H8 are important foodborne pathogens capable of forming biofilms, and the coexistence of these two STEC serotypes has been detected in various food samples and in multiple commercial meat plants throughout the United States. Here, we investigated how the coexistence of these two STEC serotypes and their sequence of colonization could affect bacterial growth competition and mixed biofilm development. Our data showed that E. coli O157:H7 strains were able to maintain a higher cell percentage in mixed biofilms with the co-inoculated O111:H8 companion strains, even though the results of planktonic growth competition were strain dependent. On solid surfaces with preexisting biofilms, the sequence of colonization played a critical role in determining the composition of the mixed biofilms because early stage precolonization significantly affect...
Comparing Performance of the CADstream and the DynaCAD Breast MRI CAD Systems: CADstream vs. DynaCAD in Breast MRI

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are software programs that use algorithms to find patterns associated with breast cancer on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most commonly used CAD systems in the USA are CADstream (CS) (Merge Healthcare Inc., Chicago, IL) and DynaCAD for Breast (DC) (Invivo, Gainesville, FL). Our primary objective in this study was to compare the CS and DC breast MRI CAD systems for diagnostic accuracy and postprocessed image quality. Our secondary objective was to compare the evaluation times of radiologists using each system. Three radiologists evaluated 30 biopsy-proven malignant lesions and 29 benign lesions on CS and DC and rated the lesions’ malignancy status using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Image quality was ranked on a 0–5 scale, and mean reading times were also recorded. CS detected 70 % of the malignant and 32 % of the benign lesions while DC detected 81 % of the malignant lesions and 34 % of the benign lesions. Analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the difference in diagnostic performance was not statistically significant. On image quality scores, CS had significantly higher volume rendering (VR) (p < 0.0001) and motion correction (MC) scores (p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in the remaining image quality scores. Differences in evaluation times between DC and CS were also not statistically significant. We conclude that both CS and DC perform similarly in aiding detection of breast cancer on MRI. MRI CAD selection will likely be based on other factors, such as user interface and image quality preferences, including MC and VR.
Erythrocyte-endothelial cell adherence in sickle cell disorders.

Detachment of individual sickle erythrocytes from cultured endothelial cell monolayers has been evaluated by a fluid-shearing technique in an effort to quantitate adherence at shear forces that would be anticipated in the in vivo circulation. Nonirreversibly sickled cells (non-ISC) were more adherent at normal oxygen tensions than control cells. More than 1% non-ISC remained attached to the monolayer at forces greater than physiologic shear stresses in capillary and venous circulations, and many of the most avidly attached cells, once separated, immediately reattached to adjacent endothelial cells. These data suggest that hemoglobin S-containing erythrocytes may have a higher frequency of adherence in vivo in regions of low shear stress where prolonged erythrocyte-endothelial cell contact could occur. Some of these cells detached by shear force would subsequently reattach in in vivo conditions. Plasma-enhanced attachment frequency and plasma from blood in a case of sickle crisis caused further increase. These observations further support the concept that sickle erythrocyte- endothelial cell interaction may be a significant factor in initiation of vascular occlusive events in sickle cell disease.
An ACT-R Model of Sentence Sorting with Argument Structure Constructions

Based on the results of a sorting task involving verbs and grammatical patterns, Bencini & Goldberg (2000) argue that “argument structure constructions are directly associated with sentence meaning.” We explore this hypothesis by attempting to replicate their results using a nonhuman categorizer: a cognitive model based on ACT-R (Anderson & Lebiere 1998). The model replicated the sentence-sorting behaviors of Bencini & Goldberg’s subjects, but did so using formal cues alone. This outcome suggests that the subjects in the Bencini & Goldberg study were not necessarily attending to constructional meaning, and lends support to Bock’s (1986) conclusions regarding syntactic priming: subjects’ similarity judgments are as likely to be based on syntactic form alone as they are to involve syntax-semantic mapping.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN E IN BRONCHIOLITIS

Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay in 32 children with bronchiolitis and 30 age-matched control subjects. Bronchiolitis in 15 patients (Vermont group) was associated with a respiratory syncytial (RS) virus epidemic. Bronchiolitis occurred sporadically (nonepidemic) in 17 patients from Baltimore. The geometric mean serum IgE concentration of the sporadic bronchiolitis group (Baltimore) was significantly higher than that of their age- and race-matched controls (100 ng/ml versus 25 ng/ml, respectively, p
Procedures to Improve the Accuracy of Airborne Doppler Radar Data

Abstract The navigation correction method proposed in Testud et al. (referred to as the THL method) systematically identifies uncertainties in the aircraft Inertial Navigation System and errors in the radar-pointing angles by analyzing the radar returns from a flat and stationary earth surface. This paper extends the THL study to address 1) error characteristics on the radar display, 2) sensitivity of the dual-Doppler analyses to navigation errors, 3) fine-tuning the navigation corrections for individual flight legs, and 4) identifying navigation corrections over a flat and nonstationary earth surface (e.g., ocean). The results show that the errors in each of the parameters affect the dual-Doppler wind analyses and the first-order derivatives in different manners. The tilt error is the most difficult parameter to determine and has the greatest impact on the dual-Doppler analysis. The extended THL method can further reduce the drift, ground speed, and tilt errors in all flight legs over land by analyzing t...
Fuzzy Logic Application for Time-Varying Harmonics

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Fuzzy logic Fuzzy logic control Fuzzy logic in power systems The harmonic distortion fuzzy model Expanded model Simulation results Conclusions References ]]>
A Nd Isotopic Study of Southern Sourced Waters and Indonesian Throughflow at Intermediate Depths in the Cenozoic Indian Ocean

We present Nd isotopic data for fossil fish teeth recovered from the past 40 m.y. at ODP Site 757, currently located at 1650 m water depth on the Ninetyeast Ridge in the Indian Ocean. Although Site 757 sits in a region strongly influenced by weathering inputs from the Himalayas and volcanic inputs from the Indonesian arc, the pattern of Nd isotopic variations does not appear to respond to these potential sources of Nd. Instead, secular variations correlate to changes in the composition of intermediate to deep water masses bathing the site and circulation patterns in the Indian Ocean. From ∼40 to 10 Ma, ɛNd values and the pattern of change at Site 757 closely match those of ODP Site 1090, a deep water site in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Comparison to data from several Fe-Mn crusts in the Indian Ocean suggests that intermediate to deep water flow paths were similar to the modern distribution of Circumpolar Deep Water. At approximately 10 Ma, Nd isotopic values increase in a step function by 2 ɛNd units, suggesting that plate motions had carried Site 757 into a region influenced by Indonesian Throughflow. Estimates of the vertical and horizontal position of this site at 10 Ma imply that Indonesian Throughflow extended as far south as ∼20°S and to a depth of ∼1500 m. From 10 to 0 Ma, Nd isotopic variations at Site 757 appear to record variations in Indonesian Throughflow. From 10 to 5.5 Ma, values at Site 757 overlap with those from crusts located in the southwest Pacific, indicating extensive flow through the Indonesian Seaway. From 5.5 to 3.4 Ma, ɛNd values become less radiogenic at Site 757 and more radiogenic in the southwest Pacific, suggesting increasing closure of the seaway and concomitant rerouting of equatorial Pacific waters. Beginning at 3.4 Ma, ɛNd values become more radiogenic again at Site 757, which may be attributed to enhanced opening of the seaway or to a change in the source of Throughflow waters from a southern to a northern Pacific region.
Interior regularity operators

ПустьР - линейный диф ференциальный опера тор с достаточно гладкими коэффициентами. По определению,P явля ется оператором внут ренней регулярности на ω ⊂R n т огда и только тогда, когда\(u \in B_{p,k_{ - N} }^{loc} (\Omega )\) и ω′⊂ω из условия\(Pu \in B_{p,k_s }^{loc} (\Omega ')\) вытекает, что\(u \in B_{p,k_s k}^{loc} (\Omega ')\), где −N+1≦s≦N. Соотве тствующий пример: $$Pu = - \Delta u + u c k(\xi ) = \xi _1^2 + \ldots + \xi _n^2 + 1.$$ Указанные операторы характеризуются в ра боте в терминах априорных н еравенств. До− казывается также сущ ествование локальны х фундаментальных реш ений для оператора, со пряженного кP, а также его гладкос ть вне диагонали. Эти результаты являются аналогами соответствующих рез ультатов для гипоэлл иптических операторов.
Clinical experience with contrast infusion sonography as an Essure confirmation test.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical experience, including the feasibility, safety, compliance, and efficacy, of contrast infusion sonography as an Essure (Conceptus Inc, Mountain View, CA) confirmation test. Methods A retrospective chart review and telephone survey were conducted at an academic multispecialty group. The study participants were women with Essure intervention who underwent contrast infusion sonography, transvaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography as Essure confirmation tests. The main outcome measures included the feasibility, safety, compliance, and efficacy of contrast infusion sonography as a first-line Essure confirmation test. Results A total of 118 women had successful bilateral Essure placement. Of the 63 who consented to contrast infusion sonography, 53 (84.1%) had proper bilateral placement and tubal occlusion and were encouraged to rely on Essure. Four were suspected of having unilateral tubal patency; hysterosalpingography in 2 confirmed bilateral tubal occlusion, and 2 were noncompliant with second-line hysterosalpingography. Three patients suspected of having unsatisfactory or uncertain placement on initial transvaginal sonography were encouraged to undergo hysterosalpingography in lieu of contrast infusion sonography, which confirmed unsatisfactory placement in 2 and proper placement and occlusion in 1. Three contrast infusion sonographic procedures could not be completed because of technical issues; therefore, contrast infusion sonography was feasible in 95.2% of the patients (60 of 63). No notable adverse events occurred. Only 17 patients were noncompliant with any confirmation test, yielding an overall compliance rate of 86% (101 of 118). No pregnancies occurred during 669 woman-months of follow-up. The average reimbursement for contrast infusion sonography was US$251.78. Conclusions Preliminary clinical data suggest that contrast infusion sonography is a feasible, safe, and accurate Essure confirmation test, which is well accepted by patients.
Cytokinesis in development and disease : variations on a common theme

Cytokinesis is a crucial step in cell proliferation, and remarkably, it is also an important mechanism for developmental regulation in the generation of diverse cell types in eukaryotic organisms. Successful cytokinesis relies on the assembly and activation of an actomyosin-based contractile ring and membrane deposition/fusion in a spatially and temporally precise manner. As such, the molecular pathways governing cytokinesis are highly complex, involving a large number of components forming intricate interactive networks. The complexity of this system, however, may have also provided a rich platform for evolutionary 'tinkering' to achieve specific morphogenetic and developmental outcomes. Furthermore, failed or altered cytokinesis appears to contribute to the development of cancer in unexpected ways.
Electronic Spectra of Carbonium Ions by Internal Reflection Spectroscopy

Problems are frequently encountered in using conventional transmission spectrophotometry for obtaining the electronic spectra of unstable reaction intermediates such as carbonium ions. Hence, an investigation of the use of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) was conducted. A comparison was made of the transmission and internal reflection spectra of triphenyl carbonium and methylbenzenonium ions. The internal reflection technique was also used to obtain the spectrum of organic ions formed by the reaction of ethylbenzene with aluminum chloride and hydrogen chloride. The reaction of ethylbenzene with methylene chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride–hydrogen chloride catalyst was followed by IRS. The results showed that IRS is a valuable technique for investigating certain unstable reaction intermediates.
Porous Polystyrene Foam Produced at Supercritical Conditions

This work examines four polystyrene (PS) resins and PS resins with fillers. The materials are processed into sheets and then the sheets are foamed at various supercritical conditions. The morphology of the foam is studied and a large porous PS foam is also developed for a vacuum insulation panel.
Seismic response control of nonlinear base-isolated structures using variable fluid dampers

In this study, the seismic response of a base-isolated three-story test structure is investigated. At the isolation level, the structure is equipped with a fluid damper having adaptive characteristics. Since the isolation system is strongly nonlinear, a nonlinear feedback control algorithm is utilized to determine the appropriate level of damping in the isolation system. This paper focuses on the development of an intelligent controller that can effectively suppress vibrations of the nonlinear structural system due to various excitations. Specifically, numerical simulations are performed using several historical earthquakes to evaluate the dynamic response of the test structure and isolation system when different damping mechanisms (passive, semi-active (variable), or active) are incorporated within the isolation system. The numerical simulations demonstrate that variable damping is effective in simultaneously controlling the response of the structure and the isolation system. Such control is particularly important for structures subjected to disparate ground motions such as frequent, weak earthquakes versus rare, strong earthquakes or far-field versus near-field earthquakes.
Serpents in the Sand: Managerial Networking and Nonlinear Influences on Organizational Performance

Scholars of public management have consistently found that management matters, but little research has considered how much management matters or whether the link between management and performance may be contingent on various factors. This article further investigates the link between management and performance by examining the functional form of the relationship. Analyses using data from 1000+ public organizations point to some diminishing returns. Results suggest that networking with other organizations might not always result in gains for the organization. Findings also show how managerial quality and differences in organizational staff can affect this relationship.
The atom and its nucleus

The first of a series of articles prepared by the newly formed AIEE nucleonics committee, this discussion gives a general introduction to the rapidly developing field of atomic research. The series will be a primer in nuclear theory for engineers, and will include such timely subjects as nuclear engineering, production of high energy particles, isotope separation, nuclear piles, and health hazards.
Effects of deprivation level on alternation and preference behavior

Twenty four rats received 38 pairs of trials in an E maze with equal reinforcement on each arm under high (Group H) or low (Group L) deprivation. Within-pair alternation declined over trials, more so in Group H. On the first member of each pair Ss in Group H had less initial side preference but in terminal trials more Ss in Group H were trapped on one side. This effect on preference precludes a conclusion about deprivation effects on the processes responsible for stimulus alternation (SA). More generally, it is suggested that investigations of the effect of any variable on SA should be accompanied by an evaluation of preference behavior.
The use of open-source software in the IBM corporate portal

This paper describes the role that open-source software has played in the evolution of the IBM corporate portal; in particular, the use of the ApacheTM Web server, Perl, XML, and Struts.
Absence of p16 gene (CDKN2) deletions in microdissected primary breast carcinoma specimens.

Background: The p16 gene (CDKN2), a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 9p21, has been demonstrated to be mutated or deleted with high frequency in a variety of tumor cell lines, including breast. While previous studies have not demonstratedCDKN2 mutations in primary breast carcinomas, it is possible that gene deletion in neoplastic DNA was masked by the presence of contaminating normal stromal DNA in breast carcinoma specimens.
Mobile MyPlate: a pilot study using text messaging to provide nutrition education and promote better dietary choices in college students.

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the acceptance and effectiveness of repetitive nutrition-related text messages on college students’ nutrition knowledge and fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants: One hundred fifty undergraduate (18–24 years old) non–health major students with a texting mobile phone. Methods: The intervention group received biweekly text messages of the MyPlate icon and the United States Department of Agriculture's Dietary Guidelines (DGs) for 7 weeks. The control group received the same information in a mailed brochure. A pre and post online survey assessed the students’ knowledge and behavior. Results: The intervention resulted in greater MyPlate food group recognition (p <.05) compared with control and a trend toward improved knowledge of the DGs. In the intervention group, fruit consumption was elevated (p <.05) and a trend toward elevated vegetable consumption was determined. No gender differences in intervention effectiveness exist. Conclusion: Texting repeated messages appears...
Initial Rate of Flocculation of Magnetic Dispersions in an Applied Magnetic Field

Initial flocculation rates for aqueous polydisperse (diameters between 5 and 23 nm with a mean of 12 nm) maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) particles were determined in situ using small-angle light scattering. In dilute dispersions, we found that the measured rate was 36% higher in the presence of high applied magnetic fields than it was in the absence of any applied field. Fuchs' model of the kinetics of Brownian flocculation, using on an orientation-averaged magnetic interaction between particles, predicted less than a 2% increase in the flocculation rate at high magnetic fields for monodisperse 12 nm particles. Although the percentage increase was larger for larger particle sizes, even the largest size observed in our maghemite sample led to a predicted increase of less than 10%, which was well below the 36% increase observed. Our estimates suggest that the Brownian rotation of the particles was not fast enough, compared to translation, to achieve an equilibrium distribution of orientations during flocculation. When, instead of orientation averaging for a given separation distance, the maximum magnetic attraction for two dipoles aligned end to end was used, Fuchs' theory predicted a greater effect of magnetic field than observed, thus indicating the observations were within theoretical bounds.
A Natural Pixel Decomposition for Two-Dimensional Image Reconstruction

In two-dimensional image reconstruction from line integrals using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, or minimum variance algorithms, the x-y plane on which the object estimate is defined is decomposed into nonoverlapping regions, or "pixels." This decomposition of an otherwise continuous structure results in significant errors, or model noise, which can exceed the effects of the fundamental measurement noise.
Does your model weigh the same as a Duck

Computer-aided drug design is a mature field by some measures, and it has produced notable successes that underpin the study of interactions between small molecules and living systems. However, unlike a truly mature field, fallacies of logic lie at the heart of the arguments in support of major lines of research on methodology and validation thereof. Two particularly pernicious ones are cum hoc ergo propter hoc (with this, therefore because of this) and confirmation bias (seeking evidence that is confirmatory of the hypothesis at hand). These fallacies will be discussed in the context of off-target predictive modeling, QSAR, molecular similarity computations, and docking. Examples will be shown that avoid these problems.
Penny-shaped crack in a transversely isotropic plate of finite thickness

The effects of the material anisotropy on the stress intensity factor and on the crack shape are investigated for a penny-shaped crack in a transversely isotropic plate of finite thickness. The surfaces of the crack are subjected to uniform pressures. The plate surfaces are free from stresses for case I while smooth-clamp conditions are prescribed on the plate surfaces for case II. The techniques of Hankel transforms are used to obtain solutions for both cases. The solutions are largely written in terms of the sum and difference of the characteristic roots so that the results can easily be seen as real-value functions for both real and complex roots.
Treatment Adherence in Adolescents: Development and Psychopathology

The failure of the adolescent medical patient to adhere to prescribed medical treatment is one of the major reasons for psychiatric consultation in pediatric medical settings. This article reviews the developmental issues that interfere with treatment adherence in adolescents with chronic physical illness as well as the importance of co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Incomplete adherence is conceptualized as a clinical phenomenon that can be understood by considering both developmental and psychopathological factors that influence health care behavior. Interventions designed to enhance treatment adherence need to consider both developmental issues and psychiatric co-morbidity in order to improve outcome.
Adaptive differences in the structure and macromolecular compositions of the air and water corneas of the “four-eyed” fish (Anableps anableps)

The water meniscus bisects the eyes of the “four-eyed” fish Anableps anableps, resulting in simultaneous vision in air and water. We compare the structure and macromolecular compositions of the Anableps dorsal (air) and ventral (water) corneas with the fully aquatic zebrafish cornea. The Anableps dorsal corneal epithelium is thicker (>20 cell layers), flatter (∼1.94 mm radius of curvature), and contains ∼15-fold more glycogen (0.16 μg/μg water-soluble protein) than the ventral corneal epithelium (5–7 cell layers; ∼1.63 mm radius of curvature; 0.01 μg glycogen/μg water-soluble protein), which resembles the zebrafish corneal epithelium. Gelsolin is the major water-soluble protein in the zebrafish (∼50%) and Anableps dorsal (∼38%) and ventral (∼21%) corneal epithelia, suggesting that gelsolin was recruited for high corneal expression before these two species diverged at least 100 million years ago and that abundant corneal gelsolin is not limited to aquatic vision. Anableps gelsolin, deduced from its cDNA, i...
Development of Virtual Link Method for the Solution of Hyper-Redundant Spatial Robots

This article presents a new method for the kinematics of hyper-redundant spatial robots, called the virtual link method. The method is based on dividing the robot into sub-systems consisting of three or four links. Virtual links are established between the first and the last nodes of each sub-system. A hypothetical robot with reduced of degrees of freedom is developed using the virtual links. The method then solves for the kinematics of the virtual link system followed by the sub-systems. The virtual link method also provides a singularity-free solution by predicting their occurrence and taking appropriate action. An approaching singularity is reflected by a drop in the determinant of the Jacobian of the system below a threshold value. In this situation, the method either chooses a different virtual link configuration or switches to a displacement distribution scheme. 0 2996 Iolzn Wiley & Sorzs, Inc.
Co-occurrence of Insomnia and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Insomnia and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and are associated with significant impairment and disability. There is evidence that insomnia and anxiety disorders commonly co-occur, in addition to both being highly comorbid with major depressive disorder. Thus, it is important for health care providers to be familiar with the literature in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the empirical literature on the co-occurrence of insomnia and anxiety disorders, as well as discuss the clinical and research implications of the findings. Studies were identified through PubMed and PsycINFO searches (1975-2007) and a bibliographic review of published articles. The results from this literature review suggest that certain anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, are clearly associated with symptoms of insomnia (eg, delayed sleep onset, restless sleep). Although there are some discrepancies in the literature, the findings suggest that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder also experience significant sleep problems (eg, middle-of-the-night insomnia, poor sleep quality, nightmares), and the presence of such problems during the early posttrauma period predicts later development of the disorder. Few empirical studies examine sleep in other anxiety disorders, and the majority of studies on insomnia and anxiety disorders in general have not examined the effects of comorbid major depressive disorder, indicating a need for additional research. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of screening for and treating anxiety symptoms when a patient presents with symptoms of insomnia and vice versa. Clearly, treatment development work on interventions that address co-occurring insomnia and anxiety disorders is greatly needed.
Wearable sensors and telerehabilitation

The article summarizes ongoing research on both mobile interfaces and therapies related to rehabilitation with special focus on emerging possibilities for home therapy programs for two areas of special interest to our group: stroke and cardiac. Both are areas where considerable scientific evidence suggesting the need for new therapeutic strategies has not significantly impacted clinical practice, and where home-based programs may be the answer. The article covers two aspects of the design of the mobile intelligent telerehabilitation assistant (ITA), a long-term project intended to provide an alternative for 21st-century rehabilitative telecare, and describes the interactive, mobile ITA interfaces and telecommunications infrastructure, which was motivated by the need identified by participants at the Home Care Technologies Workshop for user-centered interactive systems. We also discuss an approach for addressing the top recommendation of the Workshop: the critical need for intelligent interpretation and management of healthcare data. With the addition of wearable systems and telehealth tools, embedded intelligence takes added significance. We also address the challenge of extracting expert knowledge.
Valuing Varieties with Imperfect Output Quality Measurement

Markets for agricultural products may be inefficient when signals do not adequately reflect product characteristics important to market participants. Preferences can be explicitly reflected in price premiums for measurable characteristics using hedonic methods. However, when product quality information is costly to obtain, the problem is compounded. Bundling of quality traits by variety can serve to signal product quality. A procedure is developed to derive the value of different varieties in meeting buyer demands. An application to the hard red spring market wheat illustrates the use of a procedure to distinguish among varieties and provides empirical support for the existence of Akerlof's lemon market in the release of wheat varieties.
Taste cultures and musical stereotypes: Mirrors of identity?

(1995). Taste cultures and musical stereotypes: Mirrors of identity? Popular Music and Society: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 37-58.
Health education theory: an application to the process of patient - provider communication

Although the medical visit is widely acknowledged as an important event presenting unique opportunities for the modification of health beliefs and behaviors, health education theory has provided few explanatory mechanisms for understanding its communication process. The purpose of this paper is to explore a theoretical model loosely derived from social exchange and reciprocity theory for viewing the dynamics and consequences of patient-provider interaction during the medical encounter. We have elaborated this notion of reciprocity to suggest that provider behaviors within both the technical and socioemotional realm inspire parallel patient behaviors. For instance, a physician who is very informative may expect a patient to remember his instructions and comply with his recommendations. Further, a physician who is warm and friendly will inspire parallel patient attitudes in the socioemotional domain, such as friendliness and satisfaction. However, we believe that the reciprocity principle is only partially operative between domains. While an informative physician may be perceived as concerned and caring, merely being nice or caring, in the absence of indications of task performance (such as information giving), does not supply the evidence on competence that patients need to decide to attend to information or adhere to a therapeutic regimen. Our theory of reciprocal exchange in the medical visit is consistent with a consumerist perspective of patient-provider relations and with the activated patient philosophy of health education.
Post-mortem degradation of brain glutamate decarboxylase

The post-mortem stability of the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was studied by using SDS-PAGE and quantitative immunoblotting to measure the rates of degradation of GAD in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats and mice as a function of time after death. The intact 65- and 67-kDa isoforms of GAD (GAD(65) and GAD(67)) disappeared gradually over a 24-h period. In both rats and mice, the degraded GAD appeared as a band with an apparent molecular mass of 55-57 kDa; no significant amounts of smaller forms were observed. The 55-57 kDa band reacted with antiserum W887, which recognizes a shared epitope at the carboxyl-terminal end of both GADs, indicating that GAD was cleaved near the amino-terminal end of the molecule. GAD(67) was cleaved at a site between the amino-terminus and the epitope for antiserum W883 (located within residues 79-93 of GAD(67)), as antiserum W883 stained a 56-kDa band on the blots. The appearance of degraded GAD paralleled the loss of total GAD (GAD(65)+GAD(67)), and after 24h the 55-57 kDa band accounted for 97, 88, and 59% of the intact GAD lost from rat cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus. On a percentage basis, GAD(67) was degraded more rapidly than was GAD(65) in all brain regions studied. The loss of GAD activity was greater in rat than mouse brain, even though the percent loss of intact GAD protein was similar.
Trans-species amplification of PrPCWD and correlation with rigid loop 170N

Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an efficiently transmitted spongiform encephalopathy of cervids. Whether CWD could represent a threat to non-cervid species remains speculative. Here we show that brain homogenates from several CWD-susceptible non-cervid species, such as ferrets and hamsters, support amplification of PrP CWD by sPMCA, whereas brain homogenates from CWD-resistant species, such as laboratory mice and transgenic mice expressing human PrP C [Tg(HuPrP) mice], do not. We also investigated whether several North American species that share the environment with cervids would support amplification of PrP CWD by sPMCA. Three native rodent species, including voles and field mice, supported PrP CWD amplification, whereas other species (e.g. prairie dog, coyote) did not. Analysis of PrP sequences suggests that an ability to support amplification of PrP CWD in trans-species sPMCA is correlated with the presence of asparagine at position 170 of the substrate species PrP. Serial PMCA may offer insights into species barriers to transmission of CWD.
Burke on Drugs

Abstract This essay contributes to the growing body of historical research on Kenneth Burke by considering his work as a drug researcher for the Bureau of Social Hygiene in the late 1920s and early 1930s. The research he conducted under the watch of his conservative boss, Colonel Arthur Woods, reveals a resistant worker who effectively became hooked on the question of bodies and habits even as he at times explicitly rejected the aims and methods of his boss. Burke's rearticulations of efficiency and piety help show how the Bureau offered new vantages on the body, effectively broadening his critical compass.
Viscosities of quark-gluon plasmas.

The quark and gluon viscosities are calculated in quark-gluon plasmas to leading orders in the coupling constant by including screening. For weakly interacting QCD and QED plasmas, dynamical screening of transverse interactions and Debye screening of longitudinal interactions controls the infrared divergences. For strongly interacting plasmas other screening mechanisms taken from lattice calculations are employed. By solving the Boltzmann equation for quarks and gluons including screening, the viscosity is calculated to leading orders in the coupling constant. The leading logarithmic order is calculated exactly by a full variational treatment. The next to leading orders are found to be important for the transport properties of quark-gluon plasmas created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the early universe, where the coupling constant is large.
Implementing asthma self-management education in medical care settings--issues and strategies.

Abstract Asthma self-management education has the potential to improve the health and quality of life for children and to reduce use of acute care services. The preparation of parents and children to prevent asthma attacks and to ameliorate acute episodes when they do occur can best be accomplished with the support of medical care providers. This analysis addresses policy issues relevant to that acceptance: the degree of integration into medical practice that is desirable; the most hospitable clinical settings; and the incentives for providers, consumers, and payers that would result in appropriate supply and use of ASME. The analysis commences with a discussion of the costs and benefits of making ASME a part of medical care. It then turns to a description of the trends that led to the current array of institutions, services, and incentives within the health care sector. Future changes in family context, financing, and other determinants of the use of medical services by children and youth are forecast. The framework for the analysis of incentives is diffusion of innovation. ASME is analyzed according to the attributes that generally facilitate the acceptance of a new procedure. In its current form and with current incentives, ASME is fairly complex and difficult to communicate, has little relative advantage, and is not necessarily compatible with the usual provider goals. The motivating factors for three interrelated groups-providers, consumers, and third-party payers-and leverage points for the application of incentives are identified. The latter include reimbursement, standards of practice, information generation and flow, insurance regulation, institutional development, and research funding. Important information to potential adopters includes the definition of the service, its optimal intensity and mix of providers, and its effects on net costs and quality of life.
Edging toward new therapeutics with cyclin D1 Egl'ng on cancer.

In this issue of Cancer Cell , Zhang et al. reports that the iron-dependent 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase or prolyl hydroxylase EglN2 induces Cyclin D1 levels, egging on breast tumorigenesis. Their observations through loss of function studies suggest the potential for drug-like molecules inhibiting EglN to serve as new cancer therapeutics.
Prioritized evolutionary optimization in open session management for 3D tele-immersion

Different 3D tele-immersive (3DTI) activities pose different requirements for application and network level quality of service (QoS) to ensure a strong quality of experience (QoE) for participants. Some applications put heavy weight on audio quality, some consider higher quality for upper body video streams, and some seek very low end-to-end interactivity delay. In addition, a variation in streaming content may arise due to the participants' change of interests (e.g., view change). Therefore, there is a need for an adaptive multi-stream, multi-site 3DTI session management strategy, which is unobtrusive, and optimizes QoS parameters in the 3DTI content distribution based on the user activity and content variation. To address this next generation session management problem, we revisit the design space of multi-stream and multi-site 3DTI session layer. We propose an evolutionary 3DTI session optimization approach using an Open Session Management (OSM) architecture that uses a global view of participants and overlay network conditions to optimize prioritized QoS parameters. Experimental results with PlanetLab traces show that the optimization process is computationally unobtrusive, and the optimized TI sessions meet expectations of the participants up to 50% higher compared to the current solutions in the 3DTI space.
Fluoride: Solution- and Solid-State Structural Binding Probe

Solid-state and solution studies were performed to determine if F− is encapsulated by anion hosts in both media. X-ray crystal structure determinations were compared with both 1H and 19F solution NMR data. Three hosts were studied: (1) two polyamide hosts, one with isophthaloyl spacers and the other with pyridine spacers, and (2) a polythioamide host with pyridine spacers. Binding studies showed that the pyridine-containing amide cryptand shows the highest affinity (Ka > 105 in DMSO-d6), with the other hosts at least a factor of 10 lower. All of the cryptands appear to encapsulate F− in solution, where a deuterium-exchange reaction with DMSO-d6 can be monitored by 19F NMR. Four crystal structures are reported and compared: two for the pyridine-containing free base hosts and two for encapsulated F− complexes of the two amide-based cryptands.
An auction based pre-processing technique to determine detour in global routing

Global Routing has been a traditional EDA problem. It has congestion elimination as the first and foremost priority. Despite of the recent development for popular rip-up and reroute framework, the congestion elimination process remains arbitrary and requires significant tunings. In order to achieve more consistent congestion elimination, we propose a new preprocessing framework for global routing. In the framework, we first identify the most congested global routing locations by an interval overflow lower bound technique. Then we use auction based detour algorithm to compute which nets and where to detour. The framework can be applied to any global router and would help them to achieve significant improvement in both solution quality and runtime.
Bunk Bed Injuries

• Bunk beds are commonly used in American households, yet to our knowledge, no studies have been done to determine if they are safe. We prospectively studied the incidence, epidemiology, and outcome of injuries related to bunk beds. We interviewed all patients with such injuries who presented to the emergency department between February 1987 and February 1988. A control group of children who use bunk beds but who came to the emergency department for another reason were also interviewed. There were 68 injured children and 54 controls during the 1-year study period. There were 47 injured children (70% of this group) and 26 control children (48% of this group) younger than 6 years, which is below the age recommended by the Consumer Product Safety Commission for bunk bed use. Carpeted floors were significantly more common in the control group, 67% (36 children) vs 42% (26 children). Injuries occurred most often when the child fell from the top bed (38 children [58%]), fell off the ladder (7 children [11%]), or fell off the bottom bed (8 children [12%]). Injuries occurred during sleep (19 children [29%]), getting in or out of the bunk bed (13 children [20%]), or playing in or near the beds (28 children [43%]). Of those injured while asleep, 13 of 19 children were younger than 6 years. Head injuries accounted for half the trauma (35 children [52%]), and extremities were involved in 16 patients [24%]. The most common injuries were lacerations (27 children [40%]) and contusions (19 children [28%]), but 8 children (12%) had concussions and 7 children (10%) had fractures. Six children (9%) required admission to the hospital. Head and face injuries were significantly more likely if the top bed had no side rails. These data suggest injuries could be prevented if side rails were mandatory for all top beds, young children were not permitted to sleep in bunk beds, and all children were encouraged not to use the beds for play. ( AJDC . 1990;144:721-723)
Monthly and Fortnightly Tidal Variations of the Earth's Rotation Rate Predicted by a TOPEX/POSEIDON Empirical Ocean Tide Model

Empirical models of the two largest constituents of the long-period ocean tides, the monthly and the fortnightly constituents, are estimated from repeat cycles 10 to 210 of the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) mission. These models are first validated with tide gauge observations which show residual variances with the T/P-derived models that are of the order of 2–3 mm² for both the monthly and fortnightly constituents, and which are smaller than residual variances from respective equilibrium models of these long-period ocean tides. These empirical models are used to predict the contribution that they each have on tidal variations of the Earth's rotation rate. For tidal variations in UT1 these contributions are predicted to be of the order of 0.1 ms with a scatter of the order of 8 and 3 µs for the monthly and fortnightly ocean tides, respectively.
Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

Background.Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign fibrous growths that occur after trauma or wounding of the skin and present a major therapeutic dilemma to the dermatologist because of frequent recurrences.Objective.The purpose of this study is to review the pertinent literature and provide upda
Low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnancy: peripartum bleeding complications

To compare bleeding complications in pregnant patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to untreated controls. A case–control study of patients from 2001 to 2005 who received prophylactic or therapeutic doses of LMWH during pregnancy was carried out. Indications for LMWH included current or prior thromboembolism, thrombophilia, or heart valve replacement. Controls were chosen in a 2:1 ratio to cases, matched for delivery route, and selected as the next two consecutive deliveries. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Forty-nine women treated with LMWH delivered 55 infants. Current or prior thromboembolic disease was the anticoagulation indication in 15/55 (27.3%) and 26/55 (47%) of pregnancies, respectively. There were more obese gravidas (OR 3.91, CI 1.70 to 9.09) and labor induction was more common in the LMWH group, 25/55 (45%) vs 29/110 (26%), P=0.01. There was no difference in estimated blood loss (295.7±145.7 vs 308.6±111.9 cm3, P=0.62 vaginal; 687.5±251.8 vs 765.0±313.2 cm3, P=0.34 cesarean), PPH (6/55, 11% vs 9/110, 8.2% OR 1.37, CI 0.16 to 11.5) or transfusion (3/55, 5.4% vs 4/110, 3.6% OR 1.50, CI 0.3 to 7.48) between the cases and controls. There were two cases of postpartum pulmonary emboli, one with a maternal mortality. Bleeding complications, including PPH and transfusion, in patients treated with LMWH during pregnancy were not increased when compared to normal controls matched for delivery route.
Numerical simulation of behavior of fine coal in oscillating flows

Abstract A mathematical Euler/Lagrangian model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is used to simulate the stratification of coal particles in the column jig. Interactions of wide size range and density distributing particles with the fluid have been simulated in the oscillating flow. Fluid motion is calculated by directly solving the Navier–Stokes equations by a SIMPLE approach. Particles are moved in a Lagrangian frame through the action of forces imposed by the fluid and gravity. The magnitude of forces acting on particles has been analyzed and compared. Particle effects on fluid motion are fed back at each time step through calculating the velocity disturbance caused by the particle. Particle–particle and particle–wall collisions are also considered. The simulation captures the essential features of jigging process. It was found that the pulsating amplitude has less effect on stratification on fine particles than frequency does in the jigging. The best stratification is also achieved at some intermediate values of amplitudes and frequencies.
A study of the aerodynamic properties of a lifted flat flame

An experimental investigation of the aerodynamic properties of a premixed laminar flame system is reported. The flame system is of the Hoelscher-Biedler design and it produces a lifted axisymmetric flat flame. The dependence of the flame position on the system parameters with and without a flame ignited in the system. The gas velocity data with and without a flame in the system show that the major effect of the flame on the velocity field results from the pressure drop in the flame. Flame shape and velocity field data were compared assuming that the flame velocity was constant along the flame front. The comparison indicates that the flame velocity varies near the axis of symmetry of the velocity field where the rotation of the flow field is small.