cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Roll-to-Roll Photolithography Process for Establishing Accurate Multilayer Registration on Large Area Flexible Films

Roll-to-roll (R2R) flexible electronics manufacturing techniques may eventually provide a solution for continuous production of high quality flexible display devices at a significant cost reduction. The new display applications that can be enabled by using R2R technologies include inexpensive display, large area display, and etc. In this work, the R2R photolithography system and dependent materials and processes are used to establish baseline data for fabrication, registration and overlay of micron sized patterns on unsupported plastic in pieces and carried by a web. Enabling the use of unsupported plastic film is the first step in understanding the R2R overlay registration process for fabrication of high quality flexible displays. Test verniers with up to 0.1 micron measurement precision were used to read the overlay offsets. Micro-sized features with one micron overlay accuracy have been achieved on photoresist coated free standing 5 mil thick Dupont Melinex® ST507 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Rohm & Haas LC-100 photoresist was used in this work. Soda lime glass substrates (Telic) were also used to establish the tool and process fundamental limits.
Incidence of statin hepatotoxicity in patients with hepatitis C.

Background & Aims: Statins are considered contraindicated in patients with chronic liver disease. Our objective was to determine the risk of developing hepatotoxicity from statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients with hepatitis C. Methods: Changes in liver biochemistry values within 12 months compared with baseline were determined in 3 cohorts matched for age, sex, and body mass index: (I) 166 anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive hyperlipidemic veterans who were initiated on statin therapy; (II) 332 anti–HCV-positive veterans who had not received statin therapy; and (III) 332 anti–HCV-negative hyperlipidemic veterans who were initiated on statin therapy. An increase in liver biochemistry values was defined as mild-moderate or severe as proposed in a previous study on statin hepatotoxicity in a non–hepatitis C population. Results: In patients with hepatitis C, statin therapy (cohort I) was associated with a higher incidence of mild-moderate liver biochemistry value increases compared with those not on statin therapy (cohort II) (22.9% vs 13.3%, respectively, P = .009), but a lower incidence of severe increases (1.2% vs 6.6%, respectively, P = .015). Among patients started on statin therapy (cohorts I and III), the incidence of mild-moderate liver biochemistry value increases (22.9% vs 16.3%, respectively, P = .094), severe increases (1.2% vs 1%, respectively, P = .874), or discontinuation of statin therapy as a result of hepatotoxicity (21.6% vs 9.2%, respectively, P = .147) were similar in hepatitis C–positive and hepatitis C–negative patients. Conclusions: Statin therapy was not associated with a higher risk of severe hepatotoxicity in patients with chronic hepatitis C and appeared safe.
Identification and expression analysis of two inorganic C- and N-responsive genes encoding novel and distinct molecular forms of eukaryotic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC [Ppc]) has been previously purified and characterized in biochemical and immunological terms from two green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Selenastrum minutum. The findings indicate that these algae possess at least two distinct PEPC enzyme-forms, homotetrameric Class-1 and heteromeric Class-2, that differ significantly from each other and their plant and prokaryotic counterparts. Surprisingly, however, green-algal PEPC has been unexplored to date in molecular terms. This study reports the molecular cloning of the two Ppc genes in C. reinhardtii (CrPpc1, CrPpc2), each of which is transcribed in vivo and encodes a fully active, recombinant PEPC that lacks the regulatory, N-terminal seryl-phosphorylation domain that typifies the vascular-plant enzyme. These distinct catalytic subunit-types differ with respect to their (i) predicted molecular mass ( approximately 108.9 [CrPpc1] versus approximately 131.2 kDa [CrPpc2]) and critical C-terminal tetrapeptide; and (ii) immunoreactivity with antisera against the p102 and p130 polypeptides of S. minutum PEPC1/PEPC2 and PEPC2, respectively. Only the Ppc1 transcript encodes the p102 catalytic subunits common to both Class-1 and Class-2 enzyme-forms in C. reinhardtii. The steady-state transcript levels of both CrPpc1/2 are coordinately up-/down-regulated by changes in [CO2] or [NH] during growth, and generally mirror the response of cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase (Gs1) transcript abundance to changes in inorganic [N] at 5% CO2. These collective findings provide key molecular insight into the Ppc genes and corresponding PEPC catalytic subunits in the eukaryotic algae.
Abstract 13389: Early Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Inhibition Stimulates Neutrophil Infiltration and Delays Neutrophil Apoptosis Post-Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) increases in the first week post-MI, and targeted deletion of the MMP-9 gene attenuates cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI), but whether MMP-9 inhibition early post-MI is effective therapeutic strategy has not been evaluated. Adult male C57BL/6J mice (3-6 months old, n=80) were subjected to coronary artery ligation. Saline or MMP-9 inhibitor (MMP-9i; 0.03 μg/day) was delivered at 3 h post-MI, and the mice were sacrificed at days 1 or 7 post-MI. Infarct area was similar in the saline (57±1%) and MMP-9i (55±1%) groups (p=0.22), indicating equal initial injury. The 7 day post-MI survival rates showed no significant difference between saline and MMP-9i groups (p=0.54). MMP-9 inhibition resulted in a 31±1% reduction in MMP-9 activity at day 1 post-MI (p<0.05 vs. saline). Surprisingly, MMP-9 inhibition worsened LV function at day 7 post-MI, as shown by ejection fractions of 13±1% for saline vs. 8±1% for MMP-9i (p<0.05). Of 84 inflammatory genes examined in the d...
Why Do Plaintiffs Lose Appeals? Biased Trial Courts, Litigious Losers, or Low Trial Win Rates?

Multiple studies find that plaintiffs who lose at trial and subsequently appeal are less successful on appeal than are losing defendants who appeal. The studies attribute this to a perception by appellate judges that trial courts are biased in favor of plaintiffs. However, at least two alternative explanations exist. First, losing plaintiffs may appeal at higher rates independent of the potential merits. Second, if plaintiffs tend to pursue to trial lawsuits where they should win on the merits less than half the time, then errors at trial will be more likely to adversely affect defendants. This study revisits the analysis of the appellate process with a theoretical model that has implications not only for appellate outcomes but for the rate of appeal. By tying together win rates at trial, appeals rates, and success rates on appeal, the model can distinguish the competing explanations for differential appellate success rates. We estimate this model using matched data on Federal District Court trials and appeals to the U. S. Circuit Courts of Appeal. We provide evidence that the lower plaintiff success rate on appeal is due to plaintiffs' pursuing lawsuits where they should win on the merits (which we define to be an outcome that will not be reversed or remanded on appeal) less than half the time. We also provide evidence against explaining asymmetric success on appeal being attributable to trial courts favoring plaintiffs and evidence against juries being favorable to plaintiffs compared to judges.
A FEEDBACK INTERVENTION TO INCREASE DIGITAL AND PAPER CHECKLIST PERFORMANCE IN TECHNICALLY ADVANCED AIRCRAFT SIMULATION

This study examined whether pilots operating a flight simulator completed digital or paper flight checklists more accurately after receiving postflight graphic and verbal feedback. The dependent variable was the number of checklist items completed correctly per flight. Following treatment, checklist completion with paper and digital checklists increased from 38% and 39%, respectively, to nearly 100% and remained close to 100% after feedback and praise for improvement were withdrawn. Performance was maintained at or near 100% during follow-up probes.
Foundational Concepts and Underlying Theories for Majors in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Over the past two years, through an NSF RCN UBE grant, the ASBMB has held regional workshops for faculty members and science educators from around the country that focused on identifying: 1) core principles of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2) essential concepts and underlying theories from physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and 3) foundational skills that undergraduate majors in biochemistry and molecular biology must understand to complete their major coursework. Using information gained from these workshops, as well as from the ASBMB accreditation working group and the NSF Vision and Change report, the Core Concepts working group has developed a consensus list of learning outcomes and objectives based on five foundational concepts (evolution, matter and energy transformation, homeostasis, information flow, and macromolecular structure and function) that represent the expected conceptual knowledge base for undergraduate degrees in biochemistry and molecular biology. This consensus will aid biochemistry and molecular biology educators in the development of assessment tools for the new ASBMB recommended curriculum.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid changes belly and bacon quality from pigs fed varied lipid sources

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary lipid source with or without the addition of CLA on bacon composition and quality. Forty-eight barrows at a beginning BW of 55 kg +/- 2.2 were fed 1 of 6 diets for 56 d. These diets consisted of: 1) normal corn (NC), 2) NC + 1.25% CLA-60 oil (NC + CLA), 3) high-oil corn (HOC), 4) HOC + 1.25% CLA-60 oil (HOC-CLA), 5) NC + choice white grease (CWG; NC + CWG), and 6) NC + CWG + 1.25% CLA-60 oil (NC + CWG + CLA). The CLA-60 contains 60% CLA isomers in the oil, and therefore, 1.25% oil was needed to achieve 0.75% CLA in the diet. Soy oil replaced CLA in control diets. Choice white grease and high-oil corn were selected as fat sources for this study because of their utility in energy density for growing-finishing pigs, especially in hot weather. Pigs were slaughtered at an average BW of 113 kg +/- 4.1, and carcasses were fabricated at 24 h postmortem. Statistical analysis was performed using the mixed model procedure of SAS, and the main effects tested were dietary lipid source, CLA, and 2-way interaction. The addition of CLA to each basal diet improved (P < 0.05) belly firmness measured either lean side down or fat side down from the belly bar firmness test [4.39 cm vs. 7.01 cm (lean down) and 5.75 cm vs. 10.54 cm (fat down)] for 0 and 0.75% dietary CLA, respectively. The compression test used on bacon slabs showed that bacon from CLA-supplemented pigs was approximately 20% firmer than that from controls. Pigs fed the HOC diets had softer bellies compared (P < 0.05) with pigs fed the NC diet as measured by the belly bar test [6.94 cm vs. 9.26 cm (fat down)], respectively. Conjugated linoleic acid did not, however, improve bacon sliceability. No differences were observed for moisture, protein, or lipid percentages between any treatments. Overall, there was a CLA effect (P < 0.04) for lipid oxidation, in which the addition of CLA decreased bacon oxidation (0.1498 CLA vs. 0.1638 no CLA). Dietary CLA increased the percentage of SFA in tissues from pigs supplemented with CLA. Dietary inclusion of CLA increased the concentration of all measured isomers of CLA in bacon. Sensory scores of bacon showed no differences for any of the sensory attributes measured between any of the treatments. Our results indicate that inclusion of dietary CLA will improve belly firmness, extend the shelf life stability of bacon, and increase the degree of fat saturation.
A novel approach to the expression and purification of recombinant Xenopus Cdc25C.

The Cdc25 family encodes dual specificity protein phosphatases that play critical roles in cell cycle progression. Activation of the Cdc25C represents a primary driver for meiosis progression in Xenopus oocytes. Given its central role in meiosis the Xenopus Cdc25C has been studied extensively, however purification of the recombinant protein is difficult thus preventing better characterization of its function. Here we describe methods to overcome these difficulties resulting in the production of high purity and yield recombinant Xenopus Cdc25C. We use a synthetic Xenopus Cdc25C gene that was codon optimized for expression in E. coli. We further combine an N-terminal His-tag with a C-terminal Strep-tag II, to isolate extremely pure full-length Cdc25C protein. The recombinant Xenopus Cdc25C is active both in vitro using a phosphatase assay and in vivo when injected into Xenopus oocytes. This new approach should be applicable to the purification of other members of the Cdc25 gene family.
Transovarial transmission of yellow fever virus by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti).

Abstract Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with yellow fever virus by intra-thoracic inoculation transmitted the virus to a small percentage of their F1 progeny. Infected offspring were obtained from surface-sterilized as well as from untreated eggs, indicating that the virus was transovarially transmitted. Vertical transmission of yellow fever virus in mosquitoes may be an alternative mechanism for biological survival of the virus during adverse periods or in the absence of susceptible vertebrate hosts.
Efficient observability-based test generation by dynamic symbolic execution

Structural coverage metrics have been widely used to measure test suite adequacy as well as to generate test cases. In previous investigations, we have found that the fault-finding effectiveness of tests satisfying structural coverage criteria is highly dependent on program syntax — even if the faulty code is exercised, its effect may not be observable at the output. To address these problems, observability-based coverage metrics have been defined. Specifically, Observable MC/DC (OMC/DC) is a criterion that appears to be both more effective at detecting faults and more robust to program restructuring than MC/DC. Traditional counterexample-based test generation for OMC/DC, however, can be infeasible on large systems. In this study, we propose an incremental test generation approach that combines the notion of observability with dynamic symbolic execution. We evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach using seven systems from the avionics and medical device domains. Our results show that the incremental approach requires much lower generation time, while achieving even higher fault finding effectiveness compared with regular OMC/DC generation.
Noise Considerations in Submicron Devices

There currently is little understanding of noise processes in very-small semiconductor devices. We consider here factors that arise in these structures due to temporal and spatial correlation of fluctuations. In this approach, time correlation functions determine macroscopic transport properties, and when energy-momentum conserving models are used as a basis for noise modeling several two-point spatial correlation functions, which describe the correlations between energy and momentum at two points in the device, are important. Ensemble Monte Carlo techniques are used to study Gauss’s law and Poisson’s equation are solved concurrently to provide an accurate relation between the position dependent carrier and field profiles. As the ensemble Monte Carlo method provides a representation of the carrier distribution function, the spatial correlations can be estimated in a straightforward fashion.
Biochemical Genetic Pathways that Modulate Aging in Multiple Species

The mechanisms underlying biological aging have been extensively studied in the past 20 years with the avail of mainly four model organisms: the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and the domestic mouse Mus musculus. Extensive research in these four model organisms has identified a few conserved genetic pathways that affect longevity as well as metabolism and development. Here, we review how the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuins, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and mitochondrial stress-signaling pathways influence aging and life span in the aforementioned models and their possible implications for delaying aging in humans. We also draw some connections between these biochemical pathways and comment on what new developments aging research will likely bring in the near future.
A new model for measuring concentration of antibiotics in prostatic interstitial fluid

Utilizing multiperforated capsules implanted into subcutaneous tissue and the prostate in dogs, the concentration of cephalothin in soft tissue interstitial fluid (STIF) and prostatic interstitial fluid (PIF) was measured simultaneously and compared with concentration in serum. At all times the antibiotic concentration in PIF was lower than levels found in STIF and serum. This model may aid in the understanding of the basic pharmocokinetics of antibiotics in the prostatic interstitium and provide guidelines for treatment of prostatitis.
A Review of “Transport Geographies: Mobilities, Flows and Spaces”

At a moment when hundreds of billions of dollars are being spent on thousands of transportation-related projects as part of a massive stimulus package on the part of the U.S. government alone, no e...
Predation of Philonthus flavolimbatus on the Horn Fly

Adult Philonthus flavolimbatus Erichson collected near College Station, TX, in 2-day-old bovine manure pats were used to establish a laboratory colony. In subsequent laboratory tests, 5 adult beetles placed on manure reduced the number of adult horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), that emerged from 100 eggs to 6 (a 91% reduction when corrected for control mortality) and 10 beetles almost completely (+99%) eliminated production of adults from 100 eggs. The reduction was primarily the result of predation on the eggs. In simulated field tests, similar ratio of one beetle to 10 horn fly eggs gave only a 72% reduction.
Management system for rice molecular breeding information platform based on ASP.NET

In order to realize the sharing, communication and utilization of rice biological data, the information platform for rice molecular breeding is developed by means of ASP. NET technique. Many important application databases and components, such as rice gene database, QTL database and Ontology system, are designed for the platform with careful consideration of current research status and demands of rice molecular breeding. Furthermore, according to the characteristics of biological data, the B/S structure is adopted, stored process and paging technique are used, dual security defense system for both clients and servers are implemented. Finally, the practical consideration of the system, the corresponding implementation techniques and optimum design are also discussed in detail.
Inter-Level Scaffolding and Sequences of Representational Activities in Teaching a Chemical System with Graphical Simulations.

Chemistry knowledge can be represented at macro-, micro- and symbolic levels, and learning a chemistry topic requires students to engage in multiple representational activities. This study focused on scaffolding for inter-level connection-making in learning chemistry knowledge with graphical simulations. We also tested whether different sequences of representational activities produced different student learning outcomes in learning a chemistry topic. A sample of 129 seventh graders participated in this study. In a simulation-based environment, participants completed three representational activities to learn several ideal gas law concepts. We conducted a 2 × 3 factorial design experiment. We compared two scaffolding conditions: (1) the inter-level scaffolding condition in which participants received inter-level questions and experienced the dynamic link function in the simulation-based environment and (2) the intra-level scaffolding condition in which participants received intra-level questions and did not experience the dynamic link function. We also compared three different sequences of representational activities: macro-symbolic-micro, micro-symbolic-macro and symbolic-micro-macro. For the scaffolding variable, we found that the inter-level scaffolding condition produced significantly better performance in both knowledge comprehension and application, compared to the intra-level scaffolding condition. For the sequence variable, we found that the macro-symbolic-micro sequence produced significantly better knowledge comprehension performance than the other two sequences; however, it did not benefit knowledge application performance. There was a trend that the treatment group who experienced inter-level scaffolding and the micro-symbolic-macro sequence achieved the best knowledge application performance.
The pressor role of angiotensin in salt deprivation and renal hypertension in rats.

1. Angiotensin may influence arterial pressure either by direct vasoconstriction or by more slowly developing effects on thirst and renal function. The importance of direct vasoconstriction was estimated in rats during salt deprivation and renal hypertension by observing the fall in blood pressure that immediately followed injection of converting-enzyme inhibitor. 2. Chronically salt-deprived rats had normal arterial pressure, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance before inhibition. However, inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II caused marked decreases in arterial pressure (−47 mmHg) and total peripheral resistance (−30%). 3. Animals made hypertensive by renal artery constriction showed large decreases in arterial pressure when angiotensin formation was inhibited only during the first few days after constriction. In the chronic, benign phase of hypertension, animals with both clamp plus contralateral nephrectomy and with unilateral clamp only, showed decreases in pressure after inhibition (−12 to 16 mmHg) that were only slightly greater than decreases observed in normotensive control animals. 4. These results indicate that total peripheral resistance and the activity of the renin-angiotensin system can change separately. In salt deprivation, even though an increased fraction of resistance was due to angiotensin, total peripheral resistance was normal. In chronic renal hypertension, total resistance was undoubtedly elevated, but only partially because of the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin.
Mineral resources — A challenge to extractive metallurgy

The following article is a slightly revised version of a speech delivered during the Extractive Metallurgy Division Symposium on Electrometallurgy held in Cleveland, Ohio, in December, 1968.
Medication management strategies used by older adults with heart failure: A systems-based analysis:

Background:Older adults with heart failure use strategies to cope with the constraining barriers impeding medication management. Strategies are behavioral adaptations that allow goal achievement de...
Global Lawmakers: International Organizations in the Crafting of World Markets

Global lawmaking by international organizations holds the potential for enormous influence over world trade and national economies. Representatives from states, industries, and professions produce laws for worldwide adoption in an effort to alter state lawmaking and commercial behaviors, whether of giant multi-national corporations or micro, small and medium-sized businesses. Who makes that law and who benefits affects all states and all market players. Global Lawmakers offers the first extensive empirical study of commercial lawmaking within the United Nations. It shows who makes law for the world, how they make it, and who comes out ahead. Using extensive and unique data, the book investigates three episodes of lawmaking between the late 1990s and 2012. Through its original socio-legal orientation, it reveals dynamics of competition, cooperation and competitive cooperation within and between international organizations, including the UN, World Bank, IMF and UNIDROIT, as these IOs craft international laws. Global Lawmakers proposes an original theory of international organizations that seek to construct transnational legal orders within social ecologies of lawmaking. The book concludes with an appraisal of creative global governance by the UN in international commerce over the past fifty years and examines prospective challenges for the twenty-first century.
Recipe Names as a Gateway to Interpersonal Communication

An examination of Japanese cookbooks from the early twentieth century to date demonstrates that changes in the nature of recipe names over the past 87 years have made the relationship between the writer and the audience closer. Recipe names have come to be more informative and creative through the rich use of mimetics, metaphors, and word play. Furthermore, they have become more personalized and stylized. The personal stories behind these recipe names help the author elicit in readers a sense of camaraderie and/or nostalgic memories that specific food items in a given historical period evoke. This article demonstrates two things: what seem to be simple names for recipes can be regarded as a gateway to interpersonal communication between the author and audience; and recipe names have evolved into an increasingly enriched form of communication over time by ingenious use of various tools available in the language.
An open impediment: Navigating copyright and OER publishing in the academic library

Academic libraries around the world are leading the way to support the adoption, revision, and creation of open educational resources (OER), both saving students money and encouraging pedagogical innovation in the classroom. While there are varying definitions depending on the organization, it is generally accepted that a resource used for teaching, learning, or research can be considered an OER if it is both free and openly-licensed under Creative Commons (CC), general public license, or is in the public domain.
Secular trends in adolescent depressive symptoms: growing disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged schools

Growing economic inequality across the family and school contexts that adolescents inhabit may have significant consequences for their psychological well-being. Yet little research has assessed the mental health repercussions of economic inequities or whether such repercussions have shifted with rising inequality. This study assessed annual Monitoring the Future surveys with 8th (n = 124,468; age 13; 59 percent White, 41 percent students of color), 10th (n = 164,916; age 15; 65 percent white, 35 percent students of color), and 12th (n = 60,664; age 17; 66 percent white, 34 percent students of color) grade students from 1989–2017. Analyses tracked secular trends in adolescent depressive symptoms and assessed whether family and school socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in depressive symptoms have shifted over time. Depressive symptoms showed significant elevations in 2014–2017 among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders over 2010–2013 levels. Pervasive small SES gaps were found in adolescent depressive symptoms, with youth from lower SES families and lower SES schools reporting higher depressive symptoms than their more advantaged peers across all grades. Family SES gaps remained stable over recent decades, whereas school SES gaps rose significantly in recent years across all grades and genders, suggesting that the recent rise in depressive symptoms is driven by adolescents in low SES schools. The results suggest that repercussions of growing economic inequality may extend to psychological outcomes, and identify the need for greater preventive and intervention services targeting adolescent mental health.
CYP-mediated resistance and cross-resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Aedes aegypti in the presence and absence of kdr.

Abstract Aedes aegypti thrives in urban environments and transmits several debilitating human viral diseases. Thus, our ability to control this mosquito species in endemic areas is of utmost importance. The use of insecticides, mostly pyrethroids and organophosphates (OPs), has long been the primary means of controlling A. aegypti, but widespread insecticide resistance has emerged. The two main mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti are CYP-mediated detoxification and mutations in the target site, voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), referred to as knockdown resistance (kdr). Knowledge about the contributions and interactions of these mechanisms to resistance is important for the understanding of the molecular and evolutionary basis of insecticide resistance, and to determine the effectiveness of insecticides. In this study, we address two aims: 1) determine the patterns of CYP-mediated cross-resistance to pyrethroid and OP insecticides, both in the presence and absence of kdr (S989P + V1016G), and 2) determine whether the interaction between the two mechanisms yields a greater than, less than, or additive effect on resistance. We tested seven pyrethroids and four OPs against three congenic strains of A. aegypti: ROCK (susceptible), CYP:ROCK (CR) (resistant due to CYP-mediated detoxification without kdr), and CYP + KDR:ROCK (CKR) (resistant due to both CYPs and kdr), and compared these to the congenic KDR:ROCK strain that was previously reported. We found that resistance ratios (RRs) were variable between pyrethroids and strains, ranging from 6.2- to 42-fold for CR, and 70- to 261-fold for CKR. In general, we found that CYP-mediated resistance alone contributes less to resistance than kdr. The effect of the combined mechanisms on resistance was significantly greater than additive for all pyrethroids except (1R)-trans-fenfluthrin. CYP-mediated pyrethroid resistance conferred cross-resistance to both methyl paraoxon and fenitrothion, and negative cross-resistance to methyl parathion and naled. Based on our results, we recommend that etofenprox and cyfluthrin be avoided for A. aegypti control in areas where these two resistance mechanisms are prevalent.
Employment Practices with People with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Digital Age

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a high-incidence condition affecting approximately one out of 68 of people. Adults with ASD are three to four times less likely to be employed than peers who do not have a disability. The high rate of unemployment of adults with ASD suggests a gap in employment development theory and practice knowledge addressing the specific needs of this population. This chapter provides new insights on theoretical framing of employment support interventions for people with ASD, including the interface between behavioral-gradient, structural-infrastructure, and psychosocial factors in vocational development with individuals with ASD. Practical implications of this chapter include taking into account level of functioning with ASD, structural-infrastructural supports, and the use of digital technologies in career counseling of people with neurodiversity.
Sex Differences in Perceptions of Asynchronous Audiotactile Cues

Multisensory cueing is increasingly used in technological systems to alert users to critical events. However, relatively little is known how environmental factors and individual differences affect ...
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation causing thoracolumbar hyperextension with severe spinal cord injury: A case report

Thoracic vertebral fractures are extremely rare complications of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A morbidly obese 79-year-old female positive for COVID-19 suffered cardiac arrest and received CPR for 18 minutes with return of spontaneous circulation. Post cardiac arrest the patient was unable to be weaned from the ventilator and had decreased lower extremity movement. A computed tomography scan of the chest/abdomen/pelvis demonstrated a widely diastatic spinal separation at the T12/L1 intervertebral disc space with L1 spinous process fracture. The patient ultimately expired from the severe spinal cord injury combined with older age, COVID-19 pneumonia, and morbid obesity. CPR can be an important life-saving procedure, but strict attention to proper technique is of paramount importance as it can have many possible complications.
Crafting empathy in I Got Your Back: A One(ish) Person Show Exploring Pain, Empathy, and Performance

This essay frames the autoethnographic show, I Got Your Back: A One(ish) Person Show Exploring Pain, Empathy, and Performance within scholarly conversations around pain, performance, medicine, and ...
Association of a Health Coaching and Transportation Assistance Intervention at a Free Ophthalmology Homeless Shelter Clinic With Follow-up Rates.

Importance Eye health in the homeless population is important, yet follow-up to referral appointments in this population remains low. Objective To investigate the association of health coaching and transportation vouchers with follow-up rates at a free ophthalmology homeless shelter clinic. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study was conducted from January 9, 2019, to March 4, 2020, among all 71 patients evaluated at a free ophthalmology clinic at a single homeless shelter in San Francisco, California. Exposures If indicated, patients were referred for advanced ophthalmologic care at a county hospital and free eyeglasses from a nonprofit organization. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was follow-up rates to referral appointments. The secondary outcomes were prespecified baseline variables hypothesized to be associated with follow-up. The intervention began September 4, 2019. Follow-up rates were compared between the preintervention (n = 37) and postintervention (n = 34) groups. The hypothesis was formulated before data collection. Results Among the 71 patients, 50 (70.4%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 51.9 (12.4) years. A total of 28 patients (39.4%) were referred for free eyeglasses, 14 (19.7%) to the county hospital for advanced care, and 7 (9.9%) to both. Of those referred, the difference in follow-up from the postintervention to preintervention groups was 53.8% (95% CI, 39.8%-67.9%; P < .001). Compared with patients who did not follow up, those who did had a mean difference of 59 more days at the shelter (95% CI, 39-80 days; P = .003). Among patients with a visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better-seeing eye, the mean difference between those who did not follow up and those who did was 61% (95% CI, 44%-78%; P = .003). The mean difference in follow-up between patients who were born in the US and patients not born in the US was 89% (95% CI, 79%-98%; P = .02). Of those in the postintervention group, the difference in presentation to follow-up for patients with a high school diploma compared with those without was 59% (95% CI, 37%-81%; P = .001). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that a health coaching and bus token intervention improved follow-up rates at a free ophthalmology homeless shelter clinic by at least 39.8%; this improvement supports considering implementation of this intervention when developing public assistance programs if independent corroboration is provided. Barriers to follow-up included a shorter duration of stay at the homeless shelter, visual acuity better than 20/40, not being born in the US, and lower educational level, although the size of this study does not permit determining if some or all of these are associated with one another.
Impact of Short-Acting vs Long-Acting Testosterone Therapy on Intratesticular Testosterone Using Data From Two Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trials of Testosterone Pellets, Injections, and Intranasal Gel in Hypogonadal Men

Introduction & Objective: Exogenous testosterone (T) replacement therapy (TRT) is typically long-acting and can potentially cause infertility in a majority of men due to suppression of HPG axis. Intratesticular testosterone is vital for spermatogenesis and can be reliably evaluated with serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP). Based on this observation, we hypothesized that we used serum 17-OHP as a serum biomarker for evaluating intratesticular T in men receiving TRT. We hypothesized that long-acting TRT will have a significant impact on suppressing HPG axis as compared to short-acting preparations. We evaluated data from two simultaneous open-label, randomized, two-arm clinical trials amongst different treatment preparations (Trial I) subcutaneous T pellets and (Trial II) Intranasal Testosterone (Natesto) or Intramuscular Testosterone cypionate (TC). Subject & Methods: Hypogonadal men (2 AM serum T < 300 ng/dL assayed by LC-MS/MS) aged 18-65 years were randomized into open-label randomized clinical trials. Eligible subjects received: 800mg subcutaneous Testopel T pellets (n=47); or 11mg TID Intranasal testosterone (Natesto) (n=10) or 200mg x 2 weeks TC (n=10) for 2 months. Serum T and 17-OHP were collected at baseline and after 2 months of therapy. Data are presented as a post-hoc analysis of the two randomized clinical trials and reported as the median and interquartile range [25th-75th], paired sample analysis (baseline versus follow-up) was performed with the Wilcoxon test to determine change during time within the different TRT modalities, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Median change for serum T between baseline and 2mo follow-up to subcutaneous T pellets was 542 [454-757] ng/dL, Intranasal Testosterone 706 [517-1010] ng/dL, and TC 525 [280-712]ng/dL.; 96% of subjects in each trial achieved mean T concentrations in the eugonadal range. We demonstrated that serum T levels were within normal range among men receiving the various therapies. As expected, we found a statistically significant decrease amongst the different T preparations in serum 17-OHP. Longer acting T preparations such as T pellets and TC demonstrated the greatest decrease in 17-OHP, from 41 [20.3-65.6] to 14 [10.3-20.8] ng/dL and 80 [48-121] ng/dL to 20 [17-36] ng/dL (p<0.001), respectively. Shorter acting T preparations such as Natesto demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in 17-OHP, from 52.5 [26-67] ng/dL to 26.5 [18-39.8]ng/dL (p=0.007), but to a lesser extent as compared to the longer-acting preparations. Conclusions: Natesto, and other short acting forms of TRT may help hyogonadal men maintain Intratesticular T that is critical for maintaining spermatogenesis. The differential effects of TRT on intratesticular T based on their half-lives is novel and should be considered during the decision making for hypogondal men who wish to preserve fertility and / or testis size.
A Hardware Accelerated Computer Vision Library for 3D Reconstruction Onboard Small Satellites

Here we present benchmarks and the expected performance of the SSRLCV (Small Satellite Research Laboratory Computer Vision) library that will be tested in Low Earth Orbit onboard the 6U MOCI (Multiview Onboard Computer Vision) cube satellite. The SSRLCV software library, used on the MOCI cubesat, is written in CUDA and C++ for Nvidia GPU/SoCs and performs structure from motion to generate 3D terrain information from a series of locally generated orbital images. Scale and Rotation invariant features are extracted from images, matched between those images, then an initial 3D point cloud is estimated with feature triangulation. Noise is removed from the point cloud and a gradient descent method, known as bundle adjustment, is used to refine the estimated camera parameters and location information of the satellite. The research simulates satellite imagery from LEO with 3D rendering software to test image data. Tests are run on the Nvidia TX2 and TX2i with timing, state, and power usage tracking. Reconstruction accuracy is measured by volumetric comparison and an Iterative Closest Point algorithm to allow for comparison to ground truth 3D models. The results show accurate 3D reconstruction of the surface of Earth feasible within 15 to 100 meters, depending on the camera system and altitude, while maintaining favorable power usage and computation time.
How to Read an EEG

The EEG is a simple and widely available neurophysiological test that, if interpreted correctly, can provide valuable insight into the functioning of the brain. However, despite its increasing usage in a range of settings, there is a common misconception that the EEG is inherently difficult to interpret. Compounding the problem is the lack of dedicated training and no standardized approach by encephalographers. This book provides a clear and concise guide to reading and interpreting EEGs in a systematic way. Presented in three sections, the first delivers foundational technical knowledge of how EEGs work, and the second concentrates on a comprehensive, stepwise approach to reading and interpreting an EEG. The third section contains examples of EEGs in common scenarios, such as seizures and post-cardiac arrest, enabling readers to correlate their findings to clinical indications. Heavily illustrated with over 200 example EEGs, this is an essential pocket guide to interpreting these tests.
Differential regulations of ASICs and TRPV1 by zinc in rat bronchopulmonary sensory neurons (712.3)

Zinc, a divalent heavy metal ion and an essential trace element in body, functions as a signaling molecule that regulates a variety of neuronal functions. In this study, we examined the effect of zinc on two populations of acid sensitive ion channels, acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1), in rat bronchopulmonary sensory neurons. In our patch-clamp recordings, ASIC currents were induced by a pH drop from 7.4 to 6.8 or 6.5 in the presence of capsazepine (10 µM), a specific TRPV1 antagonist. Our data showed that pretreatment with zinc (50 or 300 µM, 2 min) displayed different effects on the two distinct phenotypes of ASIC currents: a marked potentiation on ASIC channels with fast kinetics of activation and deactivation, or no significant effect on ASIC currents with slow activation and deactivation. On the other hand, pretreatment with zinc significantly inhibited the acid (pH 5.3 or 5.5)-induced TRPV1 currents in these sensory neurons. The inhibitio...
Aristotle and the Complexities of Opinion

Problematic uncertainties (aporia) play an obvious but disputed role in Aristotle’s philosophy in two significant ways. First, he often begins his philosophical studies with a survey of the reputable opinions (henceforth RO) of the many and the wise and an exploration of the difficulties (aporein) therein (e.g. Metaph. 3.1, 995a24–5; Eth. Nic. 7.1, 1145b2–7 & 7.2, 1145b21–2). Second, he develops a theory of deliberation meant to deal with the uncertainties (aporia) that one faces in the course of action (Eth. Nic. 6.10, 1143a6). The two types of investigations that Aristotle employs to deal with uncertainty generate considerable debate among commentators. Commonly, Aristotle’s use of RO is understood as dialectical. Although the dialectical interpretation has provoked critique, its critics have not formulated a credible alternative explanation for Aristotle’s frequent exploration of RO. Likewise, Aristotle’s theory of deliberation is controversial because he claims that one does not deliberate about ends, but about means and manners of conduct. David Wiggins (1975, pp. 32, 36) and his many followers counter that we cannot take Aristotle’s denial at face value because we can and must deliberate about ends if we are not to fall into an irrationalism about them. Eugene Garver (2006, p. 37) and Daniela Cammack (2013, p. 235) respond that we do not deliberate about ends because we do not choose our ends. Ends are given, not chosen.
On the approximability of the Largest Sphere Rule Ensemble Classification problem

Design of an approximation algorithm.Proof of an inapproximability result.Proof of NP-completeness of WRECRF. In this paper, we discuss the approximability of the Largest Sphere Rule Ensemble Classification problem (LSRES). This problem is closely related to the Weighted Rule Ensemble Classification Reversal problem (WRECR) 2.
Genetic Control of the Immune Response to Multichain Synthetic Polypeptides

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the genetic control of the immune response to multichain synthetic polypeptides. Although genetic defects in specific immune responses might be expected to be rare events, a large number of these defects have already been described.) The mechanism of gene action has not yet been worked out in any of these cases. An understanding of this type of gene action might provide new insight into the process of antibody formation. This chapter discusses the mechanism of genetic control of the immune response to synthetic polypeptide antigens in inbred mice. The genetic control of this immune response is a quantitative, dominant trait that is specific for the antigenic determinant. The rationale for the experiment is that any genetic control directly related to the process of antibody formation should be a property of antibody-producing cells and it should, therefore, be possible to transfer the ability to respond well to a particular antigen by transferring spleen cells from responder into nonresponder animals
TH‐CD‐207‐04: Inclusion of Cavernous Sinus Drainage and Standardized DCE‐MRI Models for Pituitary Tumors

Purpose: The pituitary gland regulates major body functions through the endocrine system. However, its function is susceptible to be adversely affected by the presence of cancer. Currently, DCE-MRI has now emerged as a potentially prognostic clinical tool for the evaluation of tumors and there has been much effort to standardize its use through the QIBA initiative. Recently, it has been reported that the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis can be particularly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Additionally, upon extensive literature search, we believe that this report is the first in pituitary tumors in humans that applies full/detailed pharmacokinetic models. We also report significant differences between a conventional two-compartmental model and our newly included cavernous sinus compartment in pituitary cancer models. Methods: Six patients with microadenomas and six controls were used to evaluate our pharmacokinetic models. We have built pharmacokinetic models in QT/C++/Matlab. A Toft-Kermode model, which implemented a Marquart-Levenberg regression, was applied. Image segmentation was used to identify the three compartments around the pituitary (body, stalk and sinus). We have also supplied both omnibus/descriptive statistics for each population using SAS/R packages. Results: On twelve subjects, we were able to discern differences on a MANOVA across patients/controls on the dependent variables of KTrans and VE with a p=.0072 [ F=10.8282,DOF=(2,7) ]. Illustrating that the choice between including drainage and without is both significant in patients and controls for the pituitary. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides the pharmacokinetic KTrans and VE values for the pituitary. Additionally, we have determined it is significant to include the venous drainage of the pituitary (a visible effect of contrast uptake in the cavernous sinus was strongly noted by radiologists) . We suggest recognizing drainage to play a larger role for accurate tumor perfusion monitoring and should be incorporated into pharmacokinetic models whenever possible.