cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localized irregularities in hemoglobin flow and oxygenation in calf muscle in patients with peripheral vascular disease detected with near-infrared spectrophotometry

Purpose: Near-infrared spectrophotometry is used to measure flow, concentration, and oxygenation of hemoglobin in arterioles, capillaries, and venules several centimeters deep in tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of flow, concentration, and oxygenation of hemoglobin in calf muscle in patients with documented peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PVD), patients with risk factors for PVD ,and healthy younger subjects at rest. Method: With a frequency-domain near-infrared spectrophotometer and a specially designed probe, we generated maps at 22 locations simultaneously of hemoglobin flow, concentration, and oxygenation, with the venous occlusion method. Eight legs of 7 patients with diagnosed PVD (PVD group), 10 legs of 8 patients with normal ankle-brachial index but with risk factors for PVD (RF group), and 16 legs of 8 healthy subjects (H group) were studied. Results: Global mean values were significantly (P < .05) different between the three groups for oxygen consumption (PVD group, 0.027 0.009 mL/100 g/min; RF group, 0.038 0.017 mL/100 g/min; H group, 0.022 0.020 mL/100 g/min), venous oxygen saturation (PVD, 59.7% 15.4%; RF, 69.6% 10.5%; H, 80.8% 4.5%), and, at 60 s of venous occlusion, concentration changes in oxyhemoglobin (PVD, 4.48 3.25 mol/L; RF, 8.44 2.33 mol/L; H, 6.85 4.57 mol/L), deoxyhemoglobin (PVD, 3.60 0.73 mol/L; RF, 4.39 1.30 mol/L; H, 2.36 1.79 mol/L), and total hemoglobin (PVD, 8.07 3.83 mol/L; RF, 12.83 2.75 mol/L; H, 9.21 6.34 mol/L). No significant difference was found between the three groups for hemoglobin flow (PVD, 0.92 0.69 mol/100 mL/min; RF, 1.68 0.50 mol/100 mL/min; H, 1.44 1.17 mol/100 mL/min) and blood flow (PVD, 0.45 0.28 mL/100 g/min; RF, 0.77 0.21 mL/100 g/min; H, 0.62 0.50 mL/100 g/min). All parameters featured a distribution dependent on location. Conclusion: Mean value for venous oxygen saturation was higher in healthy subjects compared to patients with documented PVD. In patients with PVD, areas of lower oxygenation were clearly discernible. At distal locations of calf muscle, significant correlations between reduced hemoglobin flow, venous oxygen saturation, oxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin and reduced ankle-brachial index were found. Maps revealed localized irregularities in oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and venous oxygen saturation in patients with PVD. Near-infrared spectrophotometry is a noninvasive bedside technique that can enable determination of blood flow and oxygenation in tissue and may provide a method for evaluating patients with PVD. (J Vasc Surg 2003;37:1017-26.)
Factors influencing the imposition of a charge on the entrance to the interpretive trails in the large protected areas.

The aim of this paper is to assess the relation between the character of the interpretive trail and the imposition of a charge on the entrance. This was done using the discrete choice experiment that involves eight attributes, seven of which are with three levels: the overall character of the trail, the way that the route signs are used in the terrain, the ways of providing information, the length of the trail, the way of the routing, the focus of the trail, and the price of the entrance. There is also one with two levels that involves the existence of the places for rest. The fractional factorial design was used (the orthogonal main effects plan) and the Multinomial Logit Model was used in analyzing the data. The 2,830 choices were done by random sampled visitors from eight tourist locations in the Tourist Regions of the Sumava Mts. and South Bohemia during the summer season 2012. The impact of the character of the trail was especially detected in the model. Except for that, the equipment of the trail and its length have had the fundamental impact on the choice of the trail as well. Those longer and worse equipped trails have a significantly lower degree of utility for the respondents. What is quite surprising is that the respondents refused the ecotourism elements of the interpretive trails, such as the possibility of going through the trail on horseback or the accompaniment of an expert who would provide some comments, as it is common to do this at historical attractions within those sightseeing paths.
Sinonasal polyposis : investigation by direct coronal CT

To demonstrate the typical clinical and CT features of sinonasal polyposis, we reviewed the clinical records and preoperative direct coronal CT scans of 35 patients with surgically proven disease. Symptoms included progressive nasal stuffiness (100%), rhinorrhea (69%), facial pain (60%), headache (43%) and anosmia (17%). We found associations with rhinitis (46%), asthma (29%) and aspirin sensitivity (9%). Coronal CT features included polypoid masses in the nasal cavity (91%), partial or complete pansinus opacification (90%), enlargement of infundibula (89%), bony attenuation of the ethmoid trabeculae (63%) and nasal septum (37%), opacified ethmoid sinuses with convex lateral walls (51%) and air-fluid levels (43%). The latter feature correlated with symptoms and signs of acute sinusitis in only 40% of patients. Recognition of sinonasal polyposis is important to the endoscopic surgeon since it can be the most troubling sinonasal inflammatory disease to manage due to its aggressive nature and tendency to recur despite appropriate treatment.
The LeChatelier principle for changes in risk

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the comparative statics of changes in risk in the context of problems with multiple decision variables. We demonstrate, in particular, that the Samuelson–LeChatelier principle extends naturally to the comparative statics of changes in risk: in the presence of positive feedbacks between the decision variables, the unrestricted response to an increase in risk is in the same direction and stronger in magnitude than the restricted response (i.e. the choice when other decision variables are fixed). We define the concepts of Nth-degree risk complements and Nth-degree risk substitutes and we show that it is in any one of these two cases (and only in these cases) that we will observe positive feedbacks between the decision variables. We also analyze the extent to which the same principle can be applied to strategic settings under uncertainty.
Mechanisms for intraband energy relaxation in semiconductor quantum dots: The role of electron-hole interactions

To evaluate the role of nonphonon energy relaxation mechanisms in quantum dots and in particular the role of electron-hole (e-h) interactions, we have studied femtosecond carrier dynamics in CdSe colloidal nanoparticles in which the e-h separation (coupling) is controlled using different types of surface ligands. In dots capped with hole accepting molecules, the e-h coupling is strongly reduced after the hole is transferred to a capping group. By re-exciting an electron within the conduction band at different stages of hole transfer and monitoring its relaxation back into the ground state, we observe a more than tenfold increase in the electron relaxation time (from 250 fs to 3 ps) after the completion of the hole transfer to the capping molecule. This strongly indicates that electron relaxation in quantum dots is dominated not by phonon emission but by the e-h energy transfer.
A coherent structure model of the turbulent boundary layer and its ability to predict Reynolds number dependence

The coherent motions identified in passively marked turbulent boundary-layer experiments are reviewed. Data obtained in our laboratory using simultaneous hot-wire anemometry and flow visualization are analysed to provide measures of the percent contribution of the coherent motions to the total Reynolds stress. A coherent structure model is then developed. In the outer region the model incorporates the large-scale motions, the typical eddies and their interactions. In the wall region the model is characterized by the long streaks, their associated hairpin vortices, and the pockets with their associated pocket and hairpin vortices. The motions in both regions have unique phase relations which play an important role in their evolution and the resulting intensity of their interactions. In addition, the inner-outer region interactions are seen to be strong because typical eddies, microscale motions which can directly initiate the bursting process near a wall, are convected towards the wall by the response of the high speed outer region fluid to the presence of the large-scale motions. This interaction establishes a phasing between the inner and outer regions. The length and velocity scales of the typical eddy are used to remove the Reynolds number dependence of the stream wise fluctuations and the Reynolds stress in the fully turbulent portion of turbulent boundary layers over a wide range of Reynolds numbers
A cross-coupled cmos negative capacitor for wideband metamaterial applications

Non-Foster circuits can be used to provide broadband impedance matching for antennas and metamaterials. These circuits allow effective matching over a much wider bandwidth than is expected from traditional passive components. Therefore, this paper considers the design and test of a negative capacitor in a 0.5 micron CMOS process. The proposed circuit uses a cross-coupled design to allow for floating operation, and the design's simulated performance works well at high frequency. Measured results show a low-frequency capacitance of -1.7 pF and within 10% to 200 MHz, and falling to -4 pF at 230 MHz. Although the selected CMOS process is adequate to demonstrate the basic design approach, more advanced process nodes would be expected to extend performance to even higher frequencies. Results are also presented showing performance of the circuit in a metamaterial.
Considering PTSD From the Perspective of Brain Processes: A Psychological Construction Approach

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that involves symptoms from various domains that appear to be produced by the combination of several mechanisms. The authors contend that existing neural accounts fail to provide a viable model that explains the emergence and maintenance of PTSD and the associated heterogeneity in the expression of this disorder (cf. Garfinkel & Liberzon, 2009). They introduce a psychological construction approach as a novel framework to probe the brain basis of PTSD, where distributed networks within the human brain are thought to correspond to the basic psychological ingredients of the mind. The authors posit that it is the combination of these ingredients that produces the heterogeneous symptom clusters in PTSD. Their goal is show that a constructionist approach has significant heuristic value in understanding the emergence and maintenance of PTSD symptoms, and leads to different and perhaps more useful conjectures about the origins and maintenance of the syndrome than the traditional hyperreactive fear account.
The Use of Cryopreserved Human Skin Allografts in Wound Healing following Mohs Surgery

BACKGROUND. Immediate reconstruction has become the preferred approach to management of full-thickness cutaneous defects following microscopically controlled excision (MCE) of tumors. In a minority of patients, however, large reconstructive procedures are contraindicated, and a long-term biological dressing that stimulates healing while minimizing wound care is desirable. OBJECTIvE. To assess the utility of cryopreserved human skin allografts (HSA) in wound care and wound healing following Mohs surgery. METHODS. Sixteen patients were treated with HSA following MCE and followed postoperatively for evidence of infection, involution, or survival of HSA, and granulation tissue production. Follow-up was 2-26 months. RESULTS. The use of HSA resulted in one of three general outcomes: rapid healing and rejection, subsequent full-thickness skin grafting, or persistence of HSA during prolonged healing. CONCLUSIONS. HSA are a safe alternative to immediate reconstruction in a carefully selected population of skin cancer patients. They minimize wound care while providing continuous wound coverage during healing, and are an efficient bridge to full-thickness skin grafting. Dermatol Surg 1995 ;21 :615-620.
A Comparison of Two Application-Specific Architectures for 2-d Mesh Computations

This paper considers the question of whether a mesh-connected machine is always better than a multi-pipelined machine for iterative 2-d mesh computations. Optimal throughput is determined as a function of a unified measure of resources (cost). The resulting performance curves for the two architectures show that there is a cost below which the pipelined architecture is an order of magnitude faster than the mesh, and above which this relationship is reversed. This methodology of comparing architectures using throughput-versus-cost modeling may prove useful in other contexts.
Recent results and prospects for high p T physics at DØ

I present recent results from the DO experiment using ≈ 50 pb–1 of data recorded at the center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. In addition, I summarize prospects for high p T physics at the Tevatron as a function of integrated luminosity. PACS: 13.85.Lg – 14.54.Ha – 14.70.-e – 14.80.-j
An optimized diagnostic procedure for pre-bond TSV defects

Based on a recent pre-bond TSV probing technique, this paper proposes an iterative greedy procedure to sort the order of test sessions for reducing pre-bond TSV test time. We then combine that session sorting procedure with two existing methods to develop a 3-Step test time Optimization Simulator named “SOS3”. SOS3 consists of an ILP (integer linear programming) model for session generation, the greedy procedure for session sorting, and a TSV identification algorithm for early test termination. Experiments are done for various TSV networks and two observations are made. First, session sorting plays an important role within SOS3 as it helps to further reduce pre-bond test time expectation and thus reduces pre-bond TSV test cost. Second, SOS3 as a framework greatly speeds up the pre-bond TSV test.
Quantitative simultaneous 99mTc/123I cardiac SPECT using MC-JOSEM.

Simultaneous rest T 99 m c-Sestamibi / I 123 -BMIPP cardiac SPECTimaging has the potential to replace current clinical T 99 m c -Sestamibi rest/stress imaging and therefore has great potential in the case of patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Separation of images of these two radionuclides is difficult, however, because their emission energies are close. The authors previously developed a fast Monte Carlo (MC)-based joint ordered-subset expectation maximization (JOSEM) iterative reconstruction algorithm (MC-JOSEM), which simultaneously compensates for scatter and cross talk as well as detector response within the reconstruction algorithm. In this work, the authors evaluated the performance of MC-JOSEM in a realistic population of T 99 m c / I 123 studies using cardiac phantom data on a Siemens e.cam system using a standard cardiac protocol. The authors also compared the performance of MC-JOSEM for estimation tasks to that of two other methods: standard OSEM using photopeak energy windows without scatter correction (NSC-OSEM) and standard OSEM using a Compton-scatter energy window for scatter correction (SC-OSEM). For each radionuclide the authors separately acquired high-count projections of radioactivity in the myocardium wall, liver, and soft tissue background compartments of a water-filled torso phantom, and they generated synthetic projections of various dual-radionuclide activity distributions. Images of different combinations of myocardium wall/background activity concentration ratios for each radionuclide were reconstructed by NSC-OSEM, SC-OSEM, and MC-JOSEM. For activity estimation in the myocardium wall, MC-JOSEM always produced the best relative bias and relative standard deviation compared with NSC-OSEM and SC-OSEM for all the activity combinations. On average, the relative biases after 100 iterations were 8.1% for T 99 m c and 3.7% for I 123 with MC-JOSEM, 39.4% for T 99 m c and 23.7% for I 123 with NSC-OSEM, and 20.9% for T 99 m c with SC-OSEM. The relative standard deviations after 30 iterations were 0.7% for T 99 m c and 1.0% for I 123 with MC-JOSEM, as compared to 1.1% for T 99 m c and 1.2% for I 123 with NSC-OSEM and 1.3% for T 99 m c with SC-OSEM. Finally, the authors compared the relative standard deviation after 30 iterations with the minimum theoretical variance on activity estimation, the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRB), and with the biased CRB. The measured precision was larger than the biased bound values by factors of 2–4, suggesting that further improvement could be made to the method.
Developing and Fostering a Dynamic Program for Training in Veterinary Pathology and Clinical Pathology: Veterinary Students to Post-graduate Education

Recent reports project a deficiency of veterinary pathologists, indicating a need to train highly qualified veterinary pathologists, particularly in academic veterinary medicine. The need to provide high-quality research training for veterinary pathologists has been recognized by the veterinary pathology training program of the Ohio State University (OSU) since its inception. The OSU program incorporates elements of both residency training and graduate education into a unified program. This review illustrates the components and structure of the training program and reflects on future challenges in training veterinary pathologists. Key elements of the OSU program include an experienced faculty, dedicated staff, and high-quality students who have a sense of common mission. The program is supported through cultural and infrastructure support. Financial compensation, limited research funding, and attractive work environments, including work-life balance, will undoubtedly continue to be forces in the marketplace for veterinary pathologists. To remain competitive and to expand the ability to train veterinary pathologists with research skills, programs must support strong faculty members, provide appropriate infrastructure support, and seek active partnerships with private industry to expand program opportunities. Shortages of trained faculty may be partially resolved by regional cooperation to share faculty expertise or through the use of communications technology to bridge distances between programs. To foster continued interest in academic careers, training programs will need to continue to evolve and respond to trainees' needs while maintaining strong allegiances to high-quality pathology training. Work-life balance, collegial environments that foster a culture of respect for veterinary pathology, and continued efforts to reach out to veterinary students to provide opportunities to learn about the diverse careers offered in veterinary pathology will pay long-term dividends for the future of the profession.
Monitoring molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia

Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, the evaluation of hematologic and cytogenetic responses was sufficient to gauge treatment efficacy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. However, with more potent TKI therapies, the majority of patients achieve complete cytogenetic response. Furthermore, deeper molecular responses are now commonly achieved, necessitating a reliance on molecular monitoring to assess residual leukemic disease. The prognostic significance between molecular responses and duration of complete cytogenetic response, progression-free survival, and event-free survival is described herein. A discussion of the concept of complete molecular response is also provided, and the potential for imatinib treatment discontinuation is evaluated. The implications of rising BCR-ABL1 transcript levels and caveats of molecular monitoring are also described.
HCMV reprogramming of infected monocyte survival and differentiation: a Goldilocks phenomenon.

The wide range of disease pathologies seen in multiple organ sites associated with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection results from the systemic hematogenous dissemination of the virus, which is mediated predominately by infected monocytes. In addition to their role in viral spread, infected monocytes are also known to play a key role in viral latency and life-long persistence. However, in order to utilize infected monocytes for viral spread and persistence, HCMV must overcome a number of monocyte biological hurdles, including their naturally short lifespan and their inability to support viral gene expression and replication. Our laboratory has shown that HCMV is able to manipulate the biology of infected monocytes in order to overcome these biological hurdles by inducing the survival and differentiation of infected monocytes into long-lived macrophages capable of supporting viral gene expression and replication. In this current review, we describe the unique aspects of how HCMV promotes monocyte survival and differentiation by inducing a “finely-tuned” macrophage cell type following infection. Specifically, we describe the induction of a uniquely polarized macrophage subset from infected monocytes, which we argue is the ideal cellular environment for the initiation of viral gene expression and replication and, ultimately, viral spread and persistence within the infected host.
Exciton-plasmon interaction and hybrid excitons in semiconductor-metal nanoparticle assemblies

We describe the physical properties of excitons in hybrid complexes composed of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. The interaction between individual nanoparticles is revealed as an enhancement or suppression of emission. Enhanced emission comes from electric field amplified by the plasmon resonance, whereas emission suppression is a result of energy transfer from semiconductor to metal nanoparticles. The emission intensity and energy transfer rate depend strongly on the geometrical parameters of the superstructure and the physical and material properties of the nanoparticles. In particular, the emission enhancement effect appears for nanoparticles with relatively small quantum yield, and silver nanoparticles have stronger enhancement compared to gold ones. Using realistic models, we review and analyze available experimental data on energy transfer between nanoparticles. In hybrid superstructures conjugated with polymer linkers, optical emission is sensitive to environmental parameters such as, for example, temperature. This sensitivity comes from expansion or contraction of a linker. With increasing temperature, emission of polymer-conjugated complexes can decrease or increase depending on the organization of a superstructure. The structures described here have potential as sensors and actuators.
Adaptive binning of X‐ray data with weighted Voronoi tessellations

We present a technique to adaptively bin sparse data using weighted Voronoi tesselations (WVTs). WVT binning is a generalisation of Cappellari & Copin’s (2001) Voronoi binning algorithm, developed for integral field spectroscopy. WVT binning is applicable to many types of data and creates unbiased binning structures with compact bins that do not lead the eye. We apply the algorithm to simulated data, as well as several X-ray data sets, to create adaptively binned intensity images, hardness ratio maps and temperature maps with constant signal-to-noise ratio per bin. We also illustrate the separation of diffuse gas emission from contributions of unresolved point sources in elliptical galaxies. We compare the performance of WVT binning with other adaptive binning and adaptive smoothing techniques. We find that the CIAO tool csmooth creates serious artefacts and advise against its use to interpret diffuse X-ray emission.
Flood frequency analysis

Accurate estimation of the magnitude of large floods and their frequency is of continuing concern to hydrologists, and thus a special session on this topic was held at the 1985 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. At the session, papers by W. Kirby and by K. Potter and J. Walker illustrated typical inaccuracies and likely errors in estimates of large Hood discharges by indirect methods. Kirby indicated that the standard error of flood discharges estimated by the slope-area method is likely to be at least 25%; possible scour and fill during the event are a major contributor to this error. Potter then presented detailed analyses illustrating probable errors of −5, +11, +17 and +44% in the estimation of large floods on four rivers in Wisconsin by indirect methods.
Thermal history and origin of the IVB iron meteorites and their parent body

We have determined metallographic cooling rates of 9 IVB irons by measuring Ni gradients 3 lm or less in length at kamacite–taenite boundaries with the analytical transmission electron microscope and by comparing these Ni gradients with those derived by modeling kamacite growth. Cooling rates at 600–400 C vary from 475 K/Myr at the low-Ni end of group IVB to 5000 K/Myr at the high-Ni end. Sizes of high-Ni particles in the cloudy zone microstructure in taenite and the widths of the tetrataenite rims, which both increase with decreasing cooling rate, are inversely correlated with the bulk Ni concentrations of the IVB irons confirming the correlation between cooling rate and bulk Ni. Since samples of a core that cooled inside a thermally insulating silicate mantle should have uniform cooling rates, the IVB core must have cooled through 500 C without a silicate mantle. The correlation between cooling rate and bulk Ni suggests that the core crystallized concentrically outwards. Our thermal and fractional crystallization models suggest that in this case the radius of the core was 65 ± 15 km when it cooled without a mantle. The mantle was probably removed when the IVB body was torn apart in a glancing impact with a larger body. Clean separation of the mantle from the solid core during this impact could have been aided by a thin layer of residual metallic melt at the core-mantle boundary. Thus the IVB irons may have crystallized in a well-mantled core that was 70 ± 15 km in radius while it was inside a body of radius 140 ± 30 km.
Chitosan nanoparticle-based neuronal membrane sealing and neuroprotection following acrolein-induced cell injury

The highly reactive aldehyde acrolein is a very potent endogenous toxin with a long half-life. Acrolein is produced within cells after insult, and is a central player in slow and progressive "secondary injury" cascades. Indeed, acrolein-biomolecule complexes formed by cross-linking with proteins and DNA are associated with a number of pathologies, especially central nervous system (CNS) trauma and neurodegenerative diseases. Hydralazine is capable of inhibiting or reducing acrolein-induced damage. However, since hydralazine's principle activity is to reduce blood pressure as a common anti-hypertension drug, the possible problems encountered when applied to hypotensive trauma victims have led us to explore alternative approaches. This study aims to evaluate such an alternative - a chitosan nanoparticle-based therapeutic system. Hydralazine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using different types of polyanions and characterized for particle size, morphology, zeta potential value, and the efficiency of hydralazine entrapment and release. Hydralazine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ranged in size from 300 nm to 350 nm in diameter, and with a tunable, or adjustable, surface charge. We evaluated the utility of chitosan nanoparticles with an in-vitro model of acrolein-mediated cell injury using PC -12 cells. The particles effectively, and statistically, reduced damage to membrane integrity, secondary oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation. This study suggests that a chitosan nanoparticle-based therapy to interfere with "secondary" injury may be possible.
Controlled Therapy Interruption Improves Host Immune Control of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HBeAg-Positive Patients

Abstract Prolonged viral suppression with oral antiviral drugs allows partial immune reconstitution. Controlled therapy interruption (CTI), by leveraging secondary immune response, proposes further augmentation in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Transient treatment interruptions (TIs) at months 0, 1, and 3 during otherwise continuous oral antiviral therapy allow viremic bursts, simulating autovaccination. Four weekly injections of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin are given before the second and third TI to simulate prime boosting, which specifically amplifies the immune response. Fourteen patients (10 males; four controls, four HBeAg positive, and six anti-HBe positive) aged 28–46 years were studied. The period between TI and reappearance of viremia, time to relapse (TTR) (weeks) estimated immune control. The other endpoints included reduction in serum HBsAg IU/mL and loss of HBeAg. TTR after the first TI was significantly shorter in HBeAg-positive patients, indicating low baseline immunity. TTR incr...
Weakly Supervised Named Entity Transliteration and Discovery from Multilingual Comparable Corpora

Named Entity recognition (NER) is an important part of many natural language processing tasks. Current approaches often employ machine learning techniques and require supervised data. However, many languages lack such resources. This paper presents an (almost) unsupervised learning algorithm for automatic discovery of Named Entities (NEs) in a resource free language, given a bilingual corpora in which it is weakly temporally aligned with a resource rich language. NEs have similar time distributions across such corpora, and often some of the tokens in a multi-word NE are transliterated. We develop an algorithm that exploits both observations iteratively. The algorithm makes use of a new, frequency based, metric for time distributions and a resource free discriminative approach to transliteration. Seeded with a small number of transliteration pairs, our algorithm discovers multi-word NEs, and takes advantage of a dictionary (if one exists) to account for translated or partially translated NEs. We evaluate the algorithm on an English-Russian corpus, and show high level of NEs discovery in Russian.
Effects of endurance exercise-training on single-fiber contractile properties of insulin-treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the contractile properties of individual skinned muscle fibers from insulin-treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after an endurance exercise training program. We hypothesized that single-fiber contractile function would decrease in the diabetic sedentary rats and that endurance exercise would preserve the function. In the study, 28 rats were assigned to either a nondiabetic sedentary, a nondiabetic exercise, a diabetic sedentary, or a diabetic exercise group. Rats in the diabetic groups received subcutaneous intermediate-lasting insulin daily. The exercise-trained rats ran on a treadmill at a moderate intensity for 60 min, five times per week. After 12 wk, the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were dissected. Single-fiber diameter, Ca2+-activated peak force, specific tension, activation threshold, and pCa50 as well as the myosin heavy chain isoform expression (MHC) were determined. We found that in MHC type II fibers from extensor digitorum ...
A performance study of the hypercube parallel processor architecture

This paper investigates the relationship between workload characteristics and process speedup obtainable on a hypercube parallel processor architecture. There were two goals: first was to determine the functional relationship between workload characteristics and speedup, and second was to show how simulation could be used to model the concurrently executing process to allow estimation of such a relation. The hypercube implementation used in this study was a packet-switched network with predetermined routing and a balanced computational workload. Three independent variables were controlled: total computational workload, number of processors and the message traffic load. A benchmark program was used to estimate the fundamental timing models and to validate a discrete event simulation. Results of this study are useful to software designers seeking to predict the degree of performance improvement attainable on a hypercube class machine. The methodology and results can be extended to other parallel processing architectures.
The enigmatic San Gorgonio Pass

The largest discontinuity along the San Andreas fault occurs in the San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) region of Southern California. Here, the San Bernardino and Coachella Valley strands (from the northwest and southeast, respectively) disaggregate into a family of irregular and discontinuous right-lateral,
Radio Emission from the Sun and Stars

Radio astronomy of the sun has reached a high level of maturity, while radio astronomy of the stars is now a burgeoning new field of study. The present review is mainly concerned with radiation which is emitted by 'normal' stars, defined here to include those appearing on classical Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams. The mechanisms for both steady, quiescent emission and intense, strongly varying outbursts are discussed. Included are discussions of bremsstrahlung, gyrosynchrotron emission, electron-cyclotron masers, and plasma radiation. The manifestation of these mechanisms in various kinds of solar radiation are considered along with stellar manifestations.
A New Bidirectionally Motion-Compensated Orthogonal Transform for Video Coding

Motion-compensated lifted wavelets have received much interest for video compression. While they are biorthogonal, they may substantially deviate from orthonormality due to motion compensation, even if based on an orthogonal or near-orthogonal wavelet. A temporal transform for video sequences that maintains orthonormality while permitting flexible motion compensation would be very desirable. We have recently introduced such a transform for unidirectional motion compensation from one previous frame. In this paper, we extend this idea to bidirectional motion compensation. Orthonormality is maintained for arbitrary integer-pixel motion compensation by cascading a sequence of incremental orthogonal 3×3 transforms. The energy of three input pictures is accumulated in two temporal low-bands while the temporal high-band is zero if the input pictures are identical after motion compensation. Further, the motion-compensated orthogonal transforms can be cascaded to build a dyadic wavelet decomposition. The new bidirectionally motion-compensated orthogonal transform compares favorably with the lifted 5/3 wavelet in video coding experiments with integer-pixel motion compensation.
Optimal current control strategies for surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives

The current waveforms for optimal excitation of surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous machines are set forth. Four different modes are considered, involving varying degrees of minimization of RMS current and torque ripple. The optimized waveforms are markedly different than the traditional sinusoidal or rectangular excitation schemes. Inclusion of cogging torque and arbitrary degree of torque ripple minimization generalize this work over that of previous authors. An experimental drive and a detailed computer simulation verify the proposed control schemes.
Accuracy of US-Guided FNA of Focal Liver Lesions in Dogs: 140 Cases (2005–2008)

Medical records from dogs having abdominal ultrasound (US) performed between March 2005 and October 2008 were reviewed for detection of focal liver lesions (FLL) with both cytologic and histologic sampling. Samples were classified as to either the presence or absence of major categories of pathologic processes, including malignant neoplasia, inflammation, hyperplasia/benign neoplasia, vacuolar change, extramedullary hematopoeisis, cholestasis, necrosis, and no microscopic abnormalities. Evaluation of selection bias was performed by review of the relative distribution of cytologic diagnoses for cases with histology compared with cases excluded from the comparison analysis because histology results were not available. Cytology had the highest sensitivity for vacuolar change (57.9%), followed by neoplasia (52.0%). Cytology had the highest positive predictive value (PPV) for neoplasia (86.7%) followed by vacuolar change (51.6%). Cytology had lower sensitivity and PPVs for inflammation, necrosis, and hyperplasia. The ability of cytology to characterize disease in canine FLL varies by pathologic process. Clinicians can have a high degree of confidence when a cytologic diagnosis of neoplasia is given; however, cytology is less reliable for excluding the potential for neoplasia. Cytology has a low sensitivity and PPV for inflammation and a limited diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of vacuolar change.
Race by Sex Differences in Depression Symptoms and Psychosocial Service Use Among Non-Hispanic Black and White Patients With Lung Cancer

Purpose This study examined race by sex differences in depression symptoms and psychosocial service use (pastors, social workers, mental health workers, support groups) among patients with lung cancer. Patients and Methods The multiregional Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance study surveyed black and white adults with stages I to III lung cancer (n = 1,043) about depression symptoms, interest in help for mood, and psychosocial service use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate race/sex differences in depression symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥ 6) and psychosocial service use, independent of demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral covariates. Results A total of 18.2% screened positive for depression symptoms. This proportion was highest among black men (24.7%), followed by white women (20.6%), black women (15.8%), and white men (15.0%). In adjusted analyses, white women showed greater risk for depression symptoms relative to blac...
Making the Case for BYOD Instruction in Teacher Education

This paper reports on findings of a bring-your-own device (BYOD) study conducted in a teacher education course. Data was examined for interactions among a community of learners for evidence of preparedness, proficiency, and innovation with smart phones. Findings indicate that preservice candidates (n=58) know how to use their smart phones for personal use, which can influence innovation when designing classroom activities using these devices. Adaptation of smart phones for classroom instruction was met with positive reactions. Only three of the fifty-eight participants (< 5%) did not own a smart phone. With the growing number of BYOD initiatives in K-12 settings, instructional technology teacher educators may need to include a BYOD module to assure that the candidates they are sending into the classrooms of tomorrow are prepared with requisite technology integration knowledge to meet the curricular needs and learning preferences of K-12 students.
Experiences With Insurance Plans and Providers Among Persons With Mental Illness

Objective:This study used nationally representative household survey data to examine the association between mental illness and experiences with usual care providers and health plans among persons with public or private insurance (N=25,176).Methods:Data were from the 2004–2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. Mental illness was assessed with symptom scales of serious psychological distress and depression at two time points, and persons were categorized by whether mental illness was episodic or persistent over time. Questions about experiences with providers (four questions) and plans (five questions) were based on the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey. Rates of problems with plans and providers were reported for each category of mental illness, and multivariate regression was used to examine the association of problems with mental illness.Results:Rates of problems with health plans were high, specifically for treatment approvals, finding information, and customer service, an...
Multicore Gibbs Sampling in Dense, Unstructured Graphs

Multicore computing is on the rise, but algorithms such as Gibbs sampling are fundamentally sequential and may require close consideration to be made parallel. Existing techniques either exploit sparse problem structure or make approximations to the algorithm; in this work, we explore an alternative to these ideas. We develop a parallel Gibbs sampling algorithm for shared-memory systems that does not require any independence structure among the variables yet does not approximate the sampling distributions. Our method uses a look-ahead sampler, which uses bounds to attempt to sample variables before the results of other threads are made available. We demonstrate our algorithm on Gibbs sampling in Boltzmann machines and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA). We show in experiments that our algorithm achieves near linear speed-up in the number of cores, is faster than existing exact samplers, and is nearly as fast as approximate samplers while maintaining the correct stationary distribution.
Normal Memory Aging

Elderly people often comment that their memory is not as good as it used to be. Complaints of memory loss vary widely among older adults. Some express little concern over age-related declines in memory, but others show greater worry and concern. Older adults’ concerns are understandable in light of the increased public awareness of memory impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease (Reisberg, Ferris, deLeon, Crook, & Haynes, 1987). Nonetheless, self-reported memory problems do not necessarily provide an accurate indication of older persons’ performance on laboratory-based measures of memory (Dixon, 1989).
Oblique-cut LiNbO 3 microchannel spatial light modulator

Significant improvements in the spatial resolution, framing speed, optical quality, and space-domain image-processing capabilities of the microchannel spatial light modulator have been realized by employing oblique-cut rather than z-cut LiNbO3 crystals, high-strip-current (250-μA) microchannel plates, and an acceleration grid in the gap of the device. In particular, a prototype device employing a 330-μm-thick, optimum-cut (rotated 55° from the z axis) LiNbO3 crystal exhibited a framing rate in excess of 30 Hz with full modulation depth and a spatial resolution of ~1.9 cycles/mm at 50% contrast (~10 cycles/mm at 10% contrast). Additionally, four-level to two-level intensity image conversion, contrast reversal, contrast enhancement, edge enhancement, and the binary-level operations AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and NXOR have been demonstrated by operating the device in its space-domain image-processing mode.
Market Intelligence: Making Market Research Work for Microfinance

This InSight publication is intended to guide readers through the processes necessary to implement a successful market intelligence program at an MFI. It highlights the activities and tools that ACCION has developed in each phase of the market intelligence process. It also walks the reader through two ACCION technical assistance projects, one in Latin America and the other in Africa, to demonstrate how these market intelligence tools have been applied in the field. Available for download from www.accion.org/insight
Intermediate structure in the /sup 16/O+ /sup 16/O system

Excitation functions of /sup 16/O(/sup 16/O,..cap alpha../sub 0,1/) /sup 28/Si at eight laboratory angles and angular distributions at twelve energies have been measured in the region E/sub lab/ = 20--44 MeV, with an experimental arrangement appropriate for studying structures of intermediate width. A detailed statistical analysis of the data (correlation and deviation functions) shows that the region aboveE/sub lab/ = 29 MeV is characterized by anomalously high amounts of correlation of intermediate-width structures (GAMMAapprox.500 keV). Analysis of the ..cap alpha../sub 0/ angular distributions by means of coherently summed pairs of Legendre polynomials reveals a sharp selectivity of near-grazing angular momenta throughout the energy region studied. This property is also present in the cross sections calculated by the statistical model, so that the experimental angular distributions are generally well reproduced in shape by Hauser-Feshbach calculations. However, peaks at E/sub lab/ = 30.4, 31.9, 33.9, 35.9, and 39.65 MeV exceed the Hauser-Feshbach cross sections in magnitude by factors of about 2--3. The two most pronounced structures, i.e., those at 30.4 and 31.9 MeV, are found to be dominated by a resonant enhancement of the J/sup ..pi../ = 10/sup +/ contribution, although the interference with the statistical background is not entirely negligible. Themore » three weaker resonantlike anomalies, at 33.9, 35.9, and 39.65 MeV, also contain enhanced contributions of near-grazing partial waves, l = 12, 12, and 14, respectively, which mix strongly with the compound-nucleus background. Thus, none of the reported structures could be identified as an isolated resonance of a single, well-defined angular momentum.« less
Dean vortices with wall flux in a curved channel membrane system

Abstract The foremost limitation of performance in using pressure-driven membrane processes for filtration and fractionationis the build-up and deposit of dissolved and suspended solutes onto the membrane surface. Since fluid instabilities are extremely effective in depolarizing solute build-up, we investigate the possibility of using Dean vortices resulting from flow in a curved channel for alleviating this limitation. In this theoretical analysis, fluid is allowed to pass through a spiral channel with porous walls at sufficient flow rate so that curved-channel Poiseuille flow (CCPF) is not stable. A neutral stability criterion is derived ensuring that the stabilising effect of wall flux is balanced by the destabilizing effect of increasing curvature. Optimal spiral channel configurations, satisfying the neutral stability criterion at every point, are obtained analytically for the narrow-gap theory, and numerically, in the wide-gap case, as a function of the wall Reynolds number. This study constitutes a new approach to membrane module design in that the configuration of the flow channel is a priori prescribed by the fluid mechanics rather than the reverse as is usually done. This we believe will provide the optimal fluid mechanical conditions for best long-term performance.
Nonequlibrium Statistical Mechanics of An Ensemble of Vesicles

We investigate far-from-equilibrium dynamics of a polydisperse ensemble of vesicles ( such as liposomes). For that purpose, we construct of a Smoluchowsky-type transport equation incorporating vesicle diffusion and the processes of vesicle fusions and fissions. This approach is used to study the time evolution of an initially monodisperse vesicle ensemble and its important quantities such as the internal aqueous, encapsulated volume. We find three stages of the evolution: (i) an early stage during which EV remains nearly constant, followed by (ii) a stage with a rapid decay of the EV, and, finally (iii) a late stage in which the ensemble approaches the thermodynamic equilibrium. In the far-fromequilibrium stages (i) and (ii), the vesicle ensemble is a “two-fluid” system composed of a polydisperse fluid of small, nearly equilibrated vesicles, coexisting with a fluid of nearly monodisperse vesicles which size evolves due to evaporation-recondensation of the small vesicles. Our picture agrees with experimental data on the EV of lecithin liposomes.
On Laplace's Extension of the Buffon Needle Problem

(1994). On Laplace's Extension of the Buffon Needle Problem. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 40-43.
Patients' Perceptions of Curative Factors in Short-Term Group Psychotherapy

(1983). Patients' Perceptions of Curative Factors in Short-Term Group Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 21-39.