cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of particle size distribution and composition on seasonal sedimentation rates in a temperate lake

To evaluate the effect of particle size and composition on seasonal changes in the sedimentation rate, suspended and sedimenting particles were collected from Trout Lake, Wisconsin, USA during the 2002 ice-free season. Particles were characterized with regard to particulate biogenic silicon (PBSi) concentration and distribution between four size classes. The concentration of particulate chlorophyll and chlorophyll degradation products was also measured in water column particles and sediment trap material collected during the first half of the sampling period. The highest rates of mass sedimentation during the stratified period were measured in spring and early summer. Seasonal increases in sedimentation are related to the presence of large colonial diatoms in the water column as indicated by elevated PBSi concentrations. The majority of particulate matter in the water column was found in the smallest ( 20 μm). Smaller cells appear to carry out most of the photosynthesis in Trout Lake but larger cells are responsible for seasonal trends in sedimentation. These results may explain how pelagic photosynthesis and sedimentation rates can be quantitatively decoupled across a range of trophic conditions but appear correlated when based on mid-summer measurements.
PETA fuels animal lab improvements.

I read D. Grimm's News Feature about People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals' (PETA's) campaigns to expose and end animal research (“The insurgent,” 23 January, p. [366][1]) with interest. Since its inception in 1980, PETA has decried animal research based on its cruelty, as well as its inapplicability to human illnesses. Thirty-five years later, there is overwhelming scientific evidence showing how much animals suffer in labs, that the results generally fail to translate to people, and that alternatives are often more effective. This has helped move PETA's criticism of animal research from the street, to the boardroom, to Capitol Hill, and even to AAAS's own annual conference. In my work, the important shift we've seen from crude animal-based labs to sophisticated simulation for medical training has certainly been fueled in part by animal welfare concerns from PETA and others. I applaud Science for giving voice to a group that deserves credit from the biomedical research community for its successful work to improve the lives of animals and push science forward. I look forward to a time when both community scientists and PETA researchers can share a collective conversation about the best ways to advance knowledge in a responsible manner. ![Figure][2] Targeting animal research, for better or worse. PHOTO: © ZOO ATLANTA/SPLASH NEWS/CORBIS [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.347.6220.366 [2]: pending:yes
Dissection of the functional domains of the Leishmania surface membrane 3'-nucleotidase/nuclease, a unique member of the class I nuclease family.

Class I nucleases are a family of enzymes that specifically hydrolyze single-stranded nucleic acids. Recently, we characterized the gene encoding a new member of this family, the 3′-nucleotidase/nuclease (Ld3′NT/NU) of the parasitic protozoan Leishmania donovani. The Ld3′NT/NU is unique as it is the only class I nuclease that is a cell surface membrane-anchored protein. Currently, we used a homologous episomal expression system to dissect the functional domains of theLd3′NT/NU. Our results showed that its N-terminal signal peptide targeted this protein into the endoplasmic reticulum. UsingLd3′NT/NU-green fluorescent protein chimeras, we showed that the C-terminal domain of the Ld3′NT/NU functioned to anchor this protein into the parasite cell surface membrane. Further, removal of the Ld3′NT/NU C-terminal domain resulted in its release/secretion as a fully active enzyme. Moreover, deletion of its single N-linked glycosylation site showed that such glycosylation was not required for the enzymatic functions of theLd3′NT/NU. Thus, using the fidelity of a homologous expression system, we have defined some of the functional domains of this unique member of the class I nuclease family.
Doppler-Free Two-Photon Fluorescence Excitation Spectroscopy of the A ← X(1,0) Band of Nitric Oxide: Fine Structure Parameter for the (3sσ)A2Σ+(v = 1) Rydberg State of 14N16O

Abstract Energies of 351 rotational transitions in the two-photon fluorescence excitation spectrum of the A ← X (1, 0) band of 14 N 16 O have been measured at Doppler-free resolution utilizing a continuous-wave ring dye laser. These observations are analyzed by diagonalizing effective Hamiltonian matrices to yield molecular parameters that retain sufficient mechanical and magnetic significance to be useful for construction of reliable Rydberg-Klein-Rees potentials and for direct comparison to ab initio theoretical predictions. Parameters describing the X 2 Π( v = 0) state are in good agreement with prior investigations. Parameters characterizing the A 2 Σ + ( v = 1) state are: T 1 = 46 540.9205(3) cm −1 , B 1 = 1.9674004(87) cm −1 , D 1 = 5.675(12) × 10 −6 cm −1 , and γ 1 = −2.644(22) × 10 −3 cm −1 .
Structural Basis of Disease-Causing Mutations in Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1β, †,‡

HNF1β is an atypical POU transcription factor that participates in a hierarchical network of transcription factors controlling the development and proper function of vital organs such as liver, pancreas, and kidney. Many inheritable mutations on HNF1β are the monogenic causes of diabetes and several kidney diseases. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of its function and the structural basis of mutations, we have determined the crystal structure of human HNF1β DNA binding domain in complex with a high-affinity promoter. Disease-causing mutations have been mapped to our structure, and their predicted effects have been tested by a set of biochemical/ functional studies. These findings together with earlier findings with a homologous protein HNF1α, help us to understand the structural basis of promoter recognition by these atypical POU transcription factors and the site-specific functional disruption by disease-causing mutations.
A succinct graphical user interface programming model for low-end embedded devices

Adapting graphical user interface, or GUI, is a promising way for low-end embedded devices to accommodate ever-increasing functions within limited space and to make them accessible for users. However, most of existing GUI tool kits are not suitable for this purpose because their intended targets are desktop computer applications, not embedded systems. Since the user interaction model and resource restrictions of low-end embedded devices are totally different from those of desktop applications, we propose a succinct GUI programming model as an alternative to the one for desktop computers. The proposed model mainly addresses three design issues: conforming to the appropriate interaction model, resource-conscience, and adaptation to crude run-time environments. We implemented MGT, an experimental GUI toolkit based on the proposed programming model, to evaluate the effectiveness of our model.
Synthetic tissue biology: Tissue engineering meets synthetic biology

We propose the term “synthetic tissue biology” to describe the use of engineered tissues to form biological systems with metazoan-like complexity. The increasing maturity of tissue engineering is beginning to render this goal attainable. As in other synthetic biology approaches, the perspective is bottom-up; here, the premise is that complex functional phenotypes (on par with those in whole metazoan organisms) can be effected by engineering biology at the tissue level. To be successful, current efforts to understand and engineer multicellular systems must continue, and new efforts to integrate different tissues into a coherent structure will need to emerge. The fruits of this research may include improved understanding of how tissue systems can be integrated, as well as useful biomedical technologies not traditionally considered in tissue engineering, such as autonomous devices, sensors, and manufacturing. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 81:354–361, 2007. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reaction times of manual responses to a visual stimulus at the goal of a planned memory-guided saccade in the monkey.

Monkeys demonstrate improved contrast sen- sitivity at the goal of a planned memory-guided saccade (Science 299:81-86, 2003). Such perceptual improve- ments have been ascribed to an endogenous attentional advantage induced by the saccade plan. Speeded reac- tion times have also been used as evidence for attention. We therefore asked whether the attentional advantage at the goal of a planned memory-guided saccade led to speeded manual reaction times following probes pre- sented at the saccade goal in a simple detection task. We found that monkeys showed slower manual reaction times when the probe appeared at the memorized goal of the planned saccade when compared to manual reaction times following a probe that appeared opposite the saccade goal. Flashing a distractor at the saccade goal after target presentation appeared to slow reaction times further. Our data, combined with prior results, suggest that a spatially localized inhibition operates on the neural representation of the saccade goal. This inhibi- tion may be closely related or identical to the processes underlying inhibition-of-return. We also found that if the same detection task was interleaved with a difficult perceptual discrimination task, manual reaction times became faster when the probe was at the saccade goal. We interpret these results as being an effect of task dif- ficulty; the more difficult interleaved task may have en- gaged endogenous attentional resources more effectively, allowing it to override the inhibition at the saccade goal. We construct and discuss a simple working hypothesis for the relationship between the effects of prior attention on neural activity in salience maps and on performance in detection and discrimination tasks.
Common Structure of Soluble Amyloid Oligomers Implies Common Mechanism of Pathogenesis

Soluble oligomers are common to most amyloids and may represent the primary toxic species of amyloids, like the Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that all of the soluble oligomers tested display a common conformation-dependent structure that is unique to soluble oligomers regardless of sequence. The in vitro toxicity of soluble oligomers is inhibited by oligomer-specific antibody. Soluble oligomers have a unique distribution in human AD brain that is distinct from fibrillar amyloid. These results indicate that different types of soluble amyloid oligomers have a common structure and suggest they share a common mechanism of toxicity.
Integrative Literature Review: Four Emerging Perspectives of Employee Engagement: An Integrative Literature Review:

The concept of employee engagement has garnered attention in both practitioner and academic communities and several approaches for understanding engagement have developed. Whereas many authors have...
The moral economy of crowdfunding and the transformative capacity of fan-ancing

Fandom and crowdfunding have both been discursively constructed as spaces in which marginalized voices can make a transformative intervention into popular culture and speak back to the media industries that produce it. Keeping this parallel in mind, this article will examine two successful moments of Kickstarter “fan-ancing,” the comic anthology Womanthology: Heroic and the Veronica Mars movie, to consider their impact on the producer/consumer relationship. Although fan-financed endeavors have the potential to be industrially and culturally transformative works, striving to effect the same change on media industries and fan cultures that a fan work might have on a media property, we need to interrogate the limits of this “transformative” intervention. Examining how these respective campaigns frame fans’ financial, emotional and creative investments, this article argues that though fan-anced projects have the potential to recalibrate the moral economy between producers and fans within media culture, their ...
Probabilistic QoS guarantee in reliability and timeliness domains in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we present a novel packet delivery mechanism called multi-path and multi-speed routing protocol (MMSPEED) for probabilistic QoS guarantee in wireless sensor networks. The QoS provisioning is performed in two quality domains, namely, timeliness and reliability. Multiple QoS levels are provided in the timeliness domain by guaranteeing multiple packet delivery speed options. In the reliability domain, various reliability requirements are supported by probabilistic multipath forwarding. All these for QoS provisioning are realized in a localized way without global network information by employing localized geographic packet forwarding augmented with dynamic compensation, which compensates the local decision inaccuracy as a packet travels towards its destination. This way, MMSPEED can guarantee end-to-end requirements in a localized way, which is desirable for scalability and adaptability to large scale dynamic sensor networks. Simulation results show that MMSPEED provides QoS differentiation in both reliability and timeliness domains and, as a result, significantly improves the effective capacity of a sensor network in terms of number of flows that meet both reliability and timeliness requirements.
Parameters for an Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Standard

The determination of the optical properties of a scattering material requires the measurement of either its emittance or diffuse reflectance. This can be performed through use of a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) instrument, emission measurement instrument, or diffuse reflectance (generally directional-hemi spheric al or hemispherical-directional reflectance) measurement instrument. If spectral information is required, these instruments can be coupled with a prism/grating monochromator or a Fourier transform spectrometer. For those who measure diffuse reflectance in the UV, visible, and near-IR spectral regions (250 nm through 2.5 rim), standards for calibration purposes are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).* However, for the JR region beyond 2.5 urn, no satisfactory recourse is presently available. To satisfy this unmet need in the IR, NIST has initiated an investigation of JR-reflecting diffuser materials for eventual use as standard reference materials (SRMs) that would be available to the JR community. These standards will be intended for use with diffuse reflectance and emittance measurement instrumentation working within the JR region from ,-2 to ' 16 jim. The instruments that could be calibrated with such standards include laser-based narrow wavelength band and broad-band instruments. The standards will be provided with the calibration values of directional hemispherical reflectance; this will provide an absolute basis for relative BRDF measurements made with BRDF instrumentation. Separate BRDF standards will be developed for calibration of BRDF at specific input and output angles. Many potential users have expressed their need to NJST for diffuse reflectance standards for the JR. Many have also
Neuropilin-2/Semaphorin-3F-mediated repulsion promotes inner hair cell innervation by spiral ganglion neurons

The process of hearing begins when sound waves enter the outer ear, causing the eardrum to vibrate. The three small bones of the middle ear pass these vibrations on to the cochlea, a fluid-filled structure shaped like a spiral. Tiny hair cells inside the cochlea move in response to the vibrations and convert them into electrical signals, which are transmitted by cells called spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) to the brain. Hair cells can be divided into ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ hair cells. Inner hair cells transmit most of the information about a sound to the brain, via connections with type I SGNs. Outer hair cells are thought to amplify sound and connect to type II SGNs. How the type I and II SGNs connect to the correct type of hair cell as the ear develops is not well understood, despite these connections being essential for hearing. Coate et al. have now used time-lapse imaging and fixed specimens to follow individually labeled SGNs as they establish these connections within the cochlea of a mouse embryo. Although the type I SGNs ultimately formed connections with inner hair cells, many of them made contact with outer hair cells first. These contacts were short-lived thanks to a protein found near the outer hair cells, named Semaphorin-3F. This protein repels the type I SGNs by activating a receptor on their surface called Neuropilin-2, and so directs the type I SGNs towards the inner hair cells. One of the mysteries that remains to be solved is how type II SGNs are ‘permitted’ to extend into the outer hair cell region, even though they are also confronted by Semaphorin-3F. In addition, it will also be important to determine how SGNs adapt to cues from different Semaphorins from different parts of the cochlea as they navigate into different hair cell regions.
A machine learning algorithm for automated assembly

A primary source of difficulty in automated assembly is the uncertainty in the relative position of the parts being assembled. This study focuses on a machine learning approach for solving the problem. Force sensor information, responses to recent moves and results from previous assemblies are used to generate a set of production rules. These rules govern the motion of the robot during the assembly process. >
Meniscus Injuries Alter the Kinematics of Knees With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency

Background:Most knee joint biomechanics studies have involved knees with an isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, a large portion of patients with injured ACLs have accompanied...
Deconstructing meiosis one kinase at a time: polo pushes past pachytene

The transition from pachytene to Meiosis I is a key regulatory point in yeast meiosis. This transition requires Ndt80, a transcription factor that commits cells to complete meiosis by expression of a diverse set of genes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Sourirajan and Lichten (2627-2632) report that CDC5, an NDT80-regulated gene encoding yeast polo-like kinase, is sufficient for Holliday junction resolution and exit from pachytene. Determining the meiotic targets of Cdc5 therefore provides a new approach for identifying a eukaryotic Holliday resolvase.
A Metrical Analysis of a Collection of Modern Goats (Capra hircus aegargus and C. h. hircus) from Iran and Iraq: Implications for the Study of Caprine Domestication

A critical comparison of two commonly used markers of initial animal domestication, size reduction and demographic profiling, is presented. A metrical analysis of a large collection of modern wild and domestic goats (Capra hircus aegargus and C. h. hircus) from Iran and Iraq clearly demonstrates that sex is by far the most significant factor affecting size in goats. In all post-cranial bones examined, those of males, even the unfused bones of males over 1 year of age, are absolutely larger than the bones of females. Region also plays a significant role in the size of these animals, but domestic status seems to have little impact. Similarly, a re-analysis of archaeological assemblages from Upland Sites the eastern fertile crescent shows no evidence of population-wide size reduction over a period that encompasses the transition from hunting to herding goats in the region, from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Early Neolithic. The apparent rapid reduction in the size of caprines during the early phases of domestication noted in earlier studies is likely attributable to a shift in the sex ratio of the adult breeding population of managed herds towards female domination, plus the differential destruction and loss of the bones of male animals killed at younger ages, as well as biases introduced by standard methodological practices. Building on the earlier work of Hesse, and using the empirical understanding of the factors influencing size in modern goats gained in this study, a new approach is proposed that combines both size and long-bone fusion data to construct high resolution, sex-specific age profiles of male and female goats that can be used to detect the hunting to herd management transition which marks the initial stages of the domestication process.
Quantum master equation for electron transport through quantum dots and single molecules

A quantum master equation QME is derived for the many-body density matrix of an open current-carrying system weakly-coupled to two metal leads. The dynamics and the steady-state properties of the system for arbitrary bias are studied using projection operator techniques, which keep track of the number of electrons in the system. We show that coherences between system states with different number of electrons, n Fock space coherences, do not contribute to the transport to second order in system-lead coupling. However, coherences between states with the same n may effect transport properties when the damping rate is of the order of or faster than the system Bohr frequencies. For large bias, when all the system many-body states lie between the chemical potentials of the two leads, we recover previous results. In the rotating wave approximation when the damping is slow compared to the Bohr frequencies, the dynamics of populations and coherences in the system eigenbasis are decoupled. The QME then reduces to a birth and death master equation for populations.
Bilateral paramedian thalamic and mesencephalic infarcts after basilar tip aneurysm coiling: role of the artery of Percheron

Summary Aneurysm embolization using Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) is gaining acceptance as a viable alternative for surgery in the treatment of aneurysms. Recent reports describe a significant rate of thromboembolic complications. Thalamic and midbrain blood supply can arise from complex anatomical variations. The rare variation: “artery of Percheron”, is a solitary arterial trunk arising from one of the proximal segments of a posterior cerebral artery and supplies the paramedian thalami and rostral midbrain bilaterally. We describe a patient that underwent elective endovascular treatment for a basilar tip aneurysm using GDC and stents in each PCA; 12 hours later patient was comatose and not following commands. Sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain showed bilateral paramedian thalamic and mesencephalic infarcts presumably secondary to artery of Percheron occlusion. Thromboembolic event related to the use of the GDC embolization and stents is a rare clinical sequelae, but catastrophic. The use of antiplatelets agents should be reinforced in the scenario. When bilateral medial thalamic and midbrain infarcts are found, occlusion of the artery of Percheron should be considered. Angiography may not b helpful and lack of visualization of the artery does not exclude its presence. In this case the MRI findings confirmed the presence of the infarction based on the anatomical distribution.
When leaders display emotion: how followers respond to negative emotional expression of male and female leaders

A leader's emotional display is proposed to affect his or her audience. In this study, observing a male or female leader express negative emotion was proposed to influence the observer's affective state and assessment of the leader's effectiveness. In a laboratory study, a leader's specific negative emotional tone impacted the affective state of participants in the study. Negative emotional display had a significant and negative main effect on participant assessment of leader effectiveness compared to a more neutral emotional display. Further, a significant interaction between leader gender and emotion was found. Male leaders received lower effectiveness ratings when expressing sadness compared to neutrality, while female leaders received lower ratings when expressing either sadness or anger. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Nutritional Equivalency of Corn Grain from DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 (Herculex* I) in the Diets of Laying Hens

ABSTRACT Grain from transgenic corn line TC1507 (Herculex* I) from Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. and Dow AgroSciences LLC, which expresses the Cry1F protein from Bacillus thuringiensis to provide protection from lepidopteran pests of corn, was compared with its isoline equivalent and 2 conventional corn strains in a 16-wk laying hen feeding trial. Egg production and production efficiency of hens fed the diet formulated with transgenic grain TC1507 were similar to those of hens fed diets formulated with isoline or nontransgenic conventional corns. Hens fed TC1507 had similar egg qualities as those fed nontransgenic grain diets. Diet × phase interactions were noted for Haugh unit and Roche color fan score. Hens fed conventional corn 2 had a poorer Haugh unit score compared with hens fed the other 3 diets. Conventional corn 1 had greater levels of xanthophylls compared with the other corn treatments, resulting in increased Roche color fan score for eggs produced by hens fed this diet. Overall, hens fed the transgenic Herculex* I corn grain containing the Cry1F protein performed as well as hens fed the isoline equivalent of Herculex* I and hens fed the conventional corn grains.
CRISPR-Cas Systems to Probe Ecological Diversity and Host–Viral Interactions

A key feature of the CRISPR-Cas defense system is the ability of the host to rapidly acquire novel spacers from invasive foreign genetic elements such as plasmids, viruses, or transposons. Consequently, host CRISPR loci have the potential to provide time-resolved information about exposure to foreign genetic elements as well as fine-scale ecological diversity. Furthermore, viral genomes can mutate rapidly, allowing viruses to circumvent the host CRISPR-encoded immunity system, which relies on close matches between spacers and incoming nucleic acids. Thus, CRISPR-Cas systems may drive complex, coevolving relationships between bacteria or archaea and viruses. We discuss how ecologically based approaches, in both natural and experimental systems, provide unique insights into host and viral diversity and horizontal gene transfer of CRISPR loci. We critically review recent attempts to model host–viral coevolutionary dynamics in the context of CRISPR loci. Finally, we highlight the future directions in which experimental analyses of host–viral coevolution can be fruitfully combined with theoretical approaches.
Lymphotoxin-alpha-deficient mice can clear a productive infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 but fail to develop splenomegaly or lymphocytosis.

Respiratory challenge with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) leads to an acute productive infection of the lung and a persistent latent infection in B lymphocytes, epithelia, and macrophages. The virus also induces splenomegaly and an increase in the number of activated CD8 T cells in the circulation. Lymphotoxin- α-deficient (LTα−/−) mice have no lymph nodes and have disrupted splenic architecture. Surprisingly, in spite of the severe defect in secondary lymphoid tissue, LTα−/− mice could clear a productive MHV-68 infection, although with delayed kinetics compared to wild-type mice, and could control latent infection. Cytotoxic T-cell activity was comparable in the lungs and spleens of LTα−/− and wild-type mice. However, splenic gamma interferon responses were substantially reduced in LTα−/− mice. Furthermore, LTα−/− mice failed to develop splenomegaly or lymphocytosis. Although germinal centers were absent, LTα−/− mice were able to class switch and showed significant virus-specific antibody titers. This work demonstrates that organized secondary lymphoid tissue is not an absolute requirement for the generation of immune responses to viral infections.
Performance of Oats in the Quaker-South American Nursery, 1983–84

In 1974, Dr Hazel Shands of the University of Wisconsin initiated a project entitled ‘Breeding Oat Cultivars Suitable for Production in Developing Countries’ that was funded by a two year grant from USAID. Quaker Oats International assumed financial responsibilities for the programme in 1976 and has provided excellent funding since that time. In recent years the Quaker project has focussed its testing in Central and South America because Quaker is interested in the development of improved oat cultivars in these areas.
Disorders of Speech and Voice

Speech is a learned behavior that requires rapid coordination of respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory systems coupled with intact language, cognition, and hearing functions. Speech is often divided into sub-domains that include speech sound production (articulation), fluency, resonance, and voice quality. Children develop control of each of these sub-domains over a period of years, often raising questions for parents and pediatricians about whether a child’s speech is typical or of concern. Speech disorders can be caused by structural anomalies, neuromotor problems, developmental mislearnings, or a combination of these etiologies. Assessment by a speech–language pathologist often provides insight into the etiology and allows an appropriate plan of care. Speech services are often coordinated with other medical, dental, or allied health professional services to provide comprehensive care.
Dissecting German grammar and Swiss passports: open-domain decomposition of compositional entries in large-scale knowledge repositories

This paper presents a weakly supervised method that decomposes potentially compositional topics (Swiss passport) into zero or more constituent topics (Switzerland, Passport), where all topics are entries in a knowledge repository. The method increases the connectivity of the knowledge repository and, more importantly, identifies the constituent topics whose meaning can be later aggregated into the meaning of the compositional topics. By exploiting evidence within Wikipedia articles, the method acquires constituent topics of Freebase topics at precision and recall above 0.60, over multiple human-annotated evaluation sets.
Views on the pathogenesis and management of primary gout--1971.

Prosthetic replacement is a good treatment option in osteoporotic patients with four-part fractures, fracture-dislocations, head-split fractures with more than 40% articular surface involvement, anatomic neck fractures, dislocations present for longer than 6 months, and selected three-part fractures. Early prosthetic replacement of proximal humeral fractures has a better outcome than late reconstructive prosthetic management. Prosthetic design features specific forfracture care have led to a reduction in complications. Techniques will continue to improve as prosthetic design features specific for fractures evolve.
Inhibition of ACTH induced cyclic AMP synthesis in isolated rat adrenal cells by NPS-ACTH.

SummaryThe stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis in isolated rat adrenal cells prelabeled with 3H-adenine has been studied. Whereas adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) produces a very large increase in cyclic AMP levels, the 0-nitrophenyl sulfenyl derivative (NPS-ACTH) causes only a small increase in cyclic AMP formation. NPS-ACTH also inhibits the ACTH induced cyclic AMP synthesis effectively.
[Specialised out-patient palliative care (SAPV) in Bavaria: efficiency, structural and process-related effects and rural care].

Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass die 2007 in Deutschland eingefuhrte Spezialisierte Ambulante Palliativversorgung (SAPV) schwerstkranken Patienten ein Sterben im hauslichen Umfeld auch bei komplexem Symptomgeschehen ermoglicht. SAPV vermeidet Notarzteinsatze und Krankenhaus-Einweisungen; dem Wunsch der Patienten, bis an ihr Lebensende zuhause bleiben zu konnen, kann in den meisten Fallen entsprochen werden. Das Leistungsgeschehen der SAPV richtet sich dabei nicht nur an medizinisch-pflegerischen Aspekten aus, sondern es bedarf auch besonderer Beratungs- und Koordinationsarbeiten sowie psychosozialer Unterstutzung der Patienten und ihrer Angehorigen. In diesem Rahmen konnten verschiedene Wirkfaktoren identifiziert werden, die fur eine qualitativ hochwertige Versorgung masgeblich sind. Weiterhin zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die allgemeinen ambulanten Versorgungsstrukturen vor Ort den Bedarf und Umfang, aber auch die Wirkung von SAPV bestimmen; umgekehrt pragt die SAPV die jeweilige Versorgungslandschaft: Sie verandert Rollen bisheriger Versorgungsakteure und stellt neue Ressourcen zur Verfugung. Dem gegenuber werden nicht alle bestehenden (insbesondere auch hospizlichen) Angebote berucksichtigt.
Odontacarus dentatus (Ewing, 1925) is the senior synonym of O. Galli (Ewing, 1946) (Acarina: Trombiculidae).

The larva of Odontacarus Dentatus (Ewing), the type-species of Odontacarus, is redescribed. Acomatacarus galli Ewing (═A. angulatus Greenberg) is a junior synonym. A lectotype is designated for A. galli.
PDC Bit Selection Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process

PDC bit is a new drilling tool which develops along with PDC composite material.In order to increase drilling efficiency and reduce cost during drilling operations,it is necessary to do some research on PDC bit selection.According to Analytical Hierarchy Process,the relationships among analyzing target level,principal level of influencing factor and alternative level is built,then the judgment matrices is constructed,and then the optimization model is established.Based on bit database,the model is applied in deep drilling practice in Daqing Oilfield,and bit optimization design in District Anda is taken as an example to analyze the model,finally the optimum PDC bit selecting program is presented,and it is approved in practice
Expression of p-p38 MAPK in partial cerebral tissues after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal A_(2A)R knockout mice

AIM: To study the expression of p-p38 MAPK in partial cerebral tissues after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in the neonatal adenosine A2A receptor knockout(A2AR-/-) mice.METHODS: Base on the modified Rice method,the model of HIBD was established.The total 64 C57/BL6 neonatal mice(7 days old) of A2AR-/-(KO) and corresponding wild type(A2AR+/+,WT) were randomized into sham-operated group and model group.The mice in model group were divided into 3 subgroups: 1 d after HIBD,3 d after HIBD and 7 d after HIBD(n=8 for each group).The cortex and hippocampal CA1 region were used as the study areas.The neuronal apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay combined with Nissl staining.The expression of p-p38 MAPK and activated caspase-3 was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry.The KO mice and WT mice were also taken from sham-operated group(SKO and SWT,n=10) and model group(MKO and MWT,n=30) 1 d after HIBD to assess the early neurological behavior.RESULTS: The apoptotic neurons,activated caspase-3 and p-p38 MAPK increased after HIBD and peaked at 1 d after HIBD in the cortex and the hippocampal CA1 region.The apoptotic neurons and the expression of activated caspase-3 in KO mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice at the same time point after HIBD.The expression level of p-p38 MAPK in KO mice were significantly higher than that in WT mice at 1 d and 3 d after HIBD.The expression of activated caspase-3 was positively correlated with the expression of p-p38 MAPK in neonatal mice after HIBD(in the cortex:r=0.957,P0.01;in the hippocampal CA1 region: r=0.939,P0.01).CONCLUSION: p-p38 MAPK might be involved in the aggravated neuron apoptosis and brain damage induced by A2AR knockout after neonatal HIBO.
The effect of the present slump on geophysical education

The other day one of our boys, a sophomore whom I didn't know, came in to talk about his choice of a major. He said that he had been considering geophysics but had heard that jobs were growing scarce. I said, “They are, but not for a good man!” and went on, “if you like math and physics and the outdoors, you will have no trouble in getting and holding a satisfying job. It may or may not be in petroleum exploration, but there are many other areas of the earth sciences where young men of imagination are also needed.”
Clock Sequences for Increasing the Fault Coverage of Functional Test Sequences

A functional test sequence for a design may not be effective as a manufacturing test for a logic block in the design because it achieves a low gate-level fault coverage. This paper describes a procedure for selecting a clock sequence that increases the gate-level fault coverage of a functional test sequence when it is used for testing a subset of logic blocks. The procedure deactivates the clocks to the logic blocks in the subset when a primary input vector has a negative effect on their fault coverage. The procedure is different from earlier test generation and test compaction procedures in that it increases the fault coverage without modifying the functional test sequence. It thus preserves some of the functional characteristics and the test application process for the sequence. Experimental results for benchmark circuits are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure.
Forgiveness Therapy in the Reconstruction of Meaning Following Interpersonal Trauma

Abstract Forgiveness may be one way that people make meaning following interpersonal traumas. Research supports the efficacy of interventions designed to promote forgiveness. However, that research is limited and does not give us a full picture of how to effectively facilitate forgiveness in therapy. In this chapter we address these topics with special attention focused on forgiveness as a meaning-making process. We illustrate our discussion of the literature with a case example of a man who overcame significant childhood abuse, worked toward forgiveness, and through the process developed a strong source of meaning for his life.
Pediatric Ankle Fractures

Comprehensive workup of pediatric ankle fractures (Fig. 52.1) includes evaluation of open vs. closed neurovascular compromise, Salter-Harris classification, associated injuries, displaced vs. non-displaced, status of physeal closure, and CT appearance after reduction.
Control Related Topics in Identification - Closed Loop Experiments and Identification for Control

Abstract This paper summarizes the organization of a graduate course on control related topics in identification. The course is taught at the department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at the University of California, San Diego and analyzes the problems of estimation on closed-loop data and control relevant approximation of systems. As part of the course, several case studies are reviewed and include the well documented examples of a sugar cane crushing mill and the identification of the marginally stable electromechanical system found in a CD-ROM player.
Race, class, politics, and the disappearance of work

ABSTRACT“When Work Disappears” has shaped research agendas on poverty, racial hierarchy, and urban social and economic dynamics. That is a lot for one article, yet two issues warrant more analysis. They are the ways in which socially defined “race” – rather than or in combination with class – explains the impact of sustained joblessness, and the political behaviours that may emerge in response to work’s disappearance. I point to evidence showing that both race and class have independent associations with the loss of work in poor African-American communities, as well as interactive effects. In the political arena – too often neglected by sociologists studying poverty – sustained, community-wide joblessness or underemployment are associated both with withdrawal from political engagement and with the recent resurgence of right-wing populism. Even after several decades of intensive research, we have more to learn about the interactions of race, class, politics, and the disappearance of work.
The Diversity of Moonlighting GAPDH Function in Posttranscriptional RNA Regulation: mRNA Stability, tRNA Processing, and Viral Pathogenesis

Posttranscriptional RNA regulation depends on specific protein–nucleic interactions that facilitate RNA nuclear to cytoplasmic transport and determine rates of mRNA translation as well as the persistence or lack thereof of individual mRNA species. Recent evidence indicates that moonlighting GAPDH fulfills important roles in posttranscriptional RNA regulation. This includes its requirement for nuclear tRNA export; its complex cytoplasmic interactions with 3′-UTR mRNA motifs which, intriguingly, may increase or decrease mRNA stability or may inhibit translation due to steric hindrance. Curiously, GAPDH may fulfill also an essential role in basic mechanisms of RNA function in viral pathogenesis. In toto, these findings highlight the diverse, physiologically significant activities of moonlighting GAPDH in posttranscriptional RNA structure and function.
ACTR-01. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF OLIGODENDROGLIOMA TREATMENT AT A SINGLE INSTITUTION

BACKGROUND Recently published results of randomized prospective clinical trials have demonstrated benefit from sequential radiation and chemotherapy after surgery for oligodendroglial tumors (RTOG 9802, 9402; EORTC 26951). We aimed to investigate whether such a benefit could be demonstrated in a retrospective cohort treated at our institution.
Abstract 14511: How Effective is Blood Pressure Reduction Techniques in Lowering High Blood Pressure Readings in Worksite Health Fair Screenings

Introduction: Standard protocol for measuring blood pressure in adults is to have them sit and relax for 5-10 minutes before taking their blood pressure. However, when doing screenings at a workpla...
Effect of a Digital Health Intervention on Receipt of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vulnerable Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) reduces mortality, yet more than one third of age-eligible Americans are unscreened. Objective To examine the effect of a digital health intervention, Mobile Patient Technology for Health-CRC (mPATH-CRC), on rates of CRC screening. Design Randomized clinical trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02088333). Setting 6 community-based primary care practices. Participants 450 patients (223 in the mPATH-CRC group and 227 in usual care) scheduled for a primary care visit and due for routine CRC screening. Intervention An iPad application that displays a CRC screening decision aid, lets patients order their own screening tests, and sends automated follow-up electronic messages to support patients. Measurements The primary outcome was chart-verified completion of CRC screening within 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were ability to state a screening preference, intention to receive screening, screening discussions, and orders for screening tests. All outcome assessors were blinded to randomization. Results Baseline characteristics were similar between groups; 37% of participants had limited health literacy, and 53% had annual incomes less than $20 000. Screening was completed by 30% of mPATH-CRC participants and 15% of those receiving usual care (logistic regression odds ratio, 2.5 [95% CI, 1.6 to 4.0]). Compared with usual care, more mPATH-CRC participants could state a screening preference, planned to be screened within 6 months, discussed screening with their provider, and had a screening test ordered. Half of mPATH-CRC participants (53%; 118 of 223) "self-ordered" a test via the program. Limitation Participants were English speakers in a single health care system. Conclusion A digital health intervention that allows patients to self-order tests can increase CRC screening. Future research should identify methods for implementing similar interventions in clinical care. Primary funding source National Cancer Institute.
Restaurant Inspection Reports as a Proxy Measure for Occupational Health and Safety: South Asian Restaurant Workers in New York City

There is a great need to develop workplace health and safety surveillance systems for small businesses to systematically understand the cause, nature, and severity of injuries and illness of their workers. Restaurants can be hazardous workplaces for the nature of the business, materials handled, and tasks completed. Some of the traditional South Asian establishments/restaurants rely heavily on the traditional way of food preparation. Workers in these places may work in less than ideal conditions with minimal or no workplace health and safety regulations or programs. We have explored a unique idea of using NYC's restaurant inspection reports as a possible surveillance tool using the overall restaurant grade and specific violations. Findings show 19% of the Indian, 26% of Bangladeshi, and 15% of Pakistani restaurants did not achieve grade A in these inspections suggesting that around 20% of these restaurants workers are more likely to work in a relatively hazardous or unhygienic working conditions. Using restaurant inspection grade as a proxy measure for employee safety and working conditions may prove to be a useful and practical measure for such an industry.
Online Course Engagement Among Undergraduate Nursing Student Veterans

As a result of the Post-9/11 Veterans Assistance Act, academic programs aimed at assisting student veterans to become Registered Nurses (RN) are increasing. Accordingly, the number of nursing academic programs being offered online are increasing, yet little is known about online student veterans’ behaviors within learning management systems (LMS). This study examined the patterns of LMS use among student veterans who are pursuing a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and the association between these behaviors and academic success. A retrospective associational analysis was conducted with data collected from students enrolled in courses in an online BSN program. The multilevel data consisted of 528 students who took one or more of twelve courses. The sample consisted of 23 veterans and 505 non-veteran BSN (non-VBSN) students in 3,793 course enrollments. Veterans were more likely to be male and were less likely to be classified as an in-state resident. Overall, the students engaged in their LMS early and most did not have missing or late assignments. The amount of online time spent in each course and the number of late assignment submissions significantly predicted course grades. No other significant predictors of graduation, discontinuation, or grades emerged. Notwithstanding some demographic differences, veterans appeared to be comparable to their non-VBSN counterparts overall, in terms of both academic performance and online engagement. These results indicate that the time students spend in their online courses can predict program success. The creation of an early-identification process for at-risk students who are not engaging in their LMS might have the potential to enhance educational outcomes even further.
Abstract TMP118: The Gut Microbiota Can Protect Against the Onset of Symptoms in an Animal Model of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

It has become increasingly evident that disruption of the gut microbiota plays an important role in multiple host disease states. We hypothesize that maintaining a healthy gut microbiome protects a...