cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A finite element model for martensitic thin films

A finite element approximation of the thin film limit for a sharp interface bulk energy for martensitic crystals is given. The energy density models the softening of the elastic modulus controlling the low-energy path from the cubic to the tetragonal lattice, the loss of stability of the tetragonal phase at high temperatures and the loss of stability of the cubic phase at low temperatures, and the effect of compositional fluctuation on the transformation temperature. The finite element approximation is then used to simulate the hysteresis of a martensitic thin film obtained after applying a biaxial loading cycle to the film below the transformation temperature. Keywords: finite element, phase transformation, martensite, austenite, thin film Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 65C30, 65Z05, 74K35, 74N10, 74N15, 74S05
Calmodulin-dependent gating of Cav1.2 calcium channels in the absence of Cavβ subunits

It is generally accepted that to generate calcium currents in response to depolarization, Cav1.2 calcium channels require association of the pore-forming α1C subunit with accessory Cavβ and α2δ subunits. A single calmodulin (CaM) molecule is tethered to the C-terminal α1C-LA/IQ region and mediates Ca2+-dependent inactivation of the channel. Cavβ subunits are stably associated with the α1C-interaction domain site of the cytoplasmic linker between internal repeats I and II and also interact dynamically, in a Ca2+-dependent manner, with the α1C-IQ region. Here, we describe a surprising discovery that coexpression of exogenous CaM (CaMex) with α1C/α2δ in COS1 cells in the absence of Cavβ subunits stimulates the plasma membrane targeting of α1C, facilitates calcium channel gating, and supports Ca2+-dependent inactivation. Neither real-time PCR with primers complementary to monkey Cavβ subunits nor coimmunoprecipitation analysis with exogenous α1C revealed an induction of endogenous Cavβ subunits that could be linked to the effect of CaMex. Coexpression of a calcium-insensitive CaM mutant CaM1234 also facilitated gating of Cavβ-free Cav1.2 channels but did not support Ca2+-dependent inactivation. Our results show there is a functional matchup between CaMex and Cavβ subunits that, in the absence of Cavβ, renders Ca2+ channel gating facilitated by CaM molecules other than the one tethered to LA/IQ to support Ca2+-dependent inactivation. Thus, coexpression of CaMex creates conditions when the channel gating, voltage- and Ca2+-dependent inactivation, and plasma-membrane targeting occur in the absence of Cavβ. We suggest that CaMex affects specific Cavβ-free conformations of the channel that are not available to endogenous CaM.
Impact of the establishment of a specialty hernia referral center.

Background. Creating a surgical specialty referral center requires a strong interest, expertise, and a market demand in that particular field, as well as some form of promotion. In 2004, we established a tertiary hernia referral center. Our goal in this study was to examine its impact on institutional volume and economics. Materials and methods. The database of all hernia repairs (2004-2011) was reviewed comparing hernia repair type and volume and center financial performance. The ventral hernia repair (VHR) patient subset was further analyzed with particular attention paid to previous repairs, comorbidities, referral patterns, and the concomitant involvement of plastic surgery. Results. From 2004 to 2011, 4927 hernia repairs were performed: 39.3% inguinal, 35.5% ventral or incisional, 16.2% umbilical, 5.8% diaphragmatic, 1.6% femoral, and 1.5% other. Annual billing increased yearly from 7% to 85% and averaged 37% per year. Comparing 2004 with 2011, procedural volume increased 234%, and billing increased ...
Fast decomposition in large stochastic models

We propose a novel approach to the decomposition of large probabilistic models. The goal of our method is to avoid the evaluation of the subnetworks obtained by decomposition for all values of the state description vector, as would be necessary with a standard aggregation and decomposition approach. Instead, we propose a fixed-point iteration that requires the evaluation of the subnetwork for a subset of the population levels only. Outside the evaluated points, simple upper and lower linear approximations are used resulting in bounds for overall system performance measures. We concentrate the evaluation of the subnetworks in the regions where the difference between the lower and upper bound is most likely to impact the accuracy of the result.
Distance learning and toxicology: New horizons for Paracelsus

Distance learning offers many advantages to students and teachers of almost any scientific discipline. Toxicology is no exception. For example, should Paracelsus be interested in learning more about toxicology at Drexel University, he would have the opportunity to take two courses in this subject utilizing the content management software, WebCT. The two courses would offer a website from which he could view and/or download his notes for each class. He could correspond with the instructor as well as fellow students, participate in discussions about timely topics, and make presentations to the class, all via electronic communication. Moreover, his examinations would also be computerized. Although he might have the option of attending traditional "face-to-face" lectures with other students in the class, he could also access these lectures at any time from a remote location by using the archive of taped lectures on the class website. Overall, Paracelsus would have access to many tools to enhance his understanding of toxicology, and he probably would never have to worry about parking before class (!). The two WebCT modules in toxicology that we have developed at Drexel represent the successful migration of two courses from a traditional "face-to-face" model of classroom instruction to hybrid models that combine "face-to-face" interaction with online instruction. Student and faculty evaluations of these courses have been very positive. Future plans include linking the two modules together so that students in the advanced class can do "review" or "remedial" work in the basic module. Furthermore, a library of video clips is also planned in which researchers will be discussing their work on various toxicologic topics. Students will be able to access these clips as resources from which to write research papers.
Circulation from a joint gravity field solution determination of the general ocean

With the development of satellite altimetry, it is possible to infer the geostrophic velocity of the surface ocean currents, if the geoid and the position of the satellite are known accurately. Errors in current geoid models and orbit computations, both due primarily to errors in the earth's gravity field model, have limited the use of altimeter data for this purpose. The objective of this investigation is to demonstrate that altimeter data can be used in a joint solution to simultaneously estimate the quasi-stationary sea surface topography, zeta, and the model for the gravity field. Satellite tracking data from twelve satellites were used along with Seasat altimeter data for the solution. The estimated model of zeta compares well at long wavelengths with the hydrographic model of zeta. Covariance analysis indicates that the geoid is separable from zeta up to degree 9, at which point geoid error is comparable to the signal of zeta.
Phase I Trial of the Proteasome Inhibitor PS-341 in Patients With Refractory Hematologic Malignancies

PURPOSE: To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (previously known as PS-341) in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received PS-341 twice weekly for 4 weeks at either 0.40, 1.04, 1.20, or 1.38 mg/m2, followed by a 2-week rest. The PD of PS-341 was evaluated by measurement of whole blood 20S proteasome activity. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients received 293 doses of PS-341, including 24 complete cycles. DLTs at doses above the 1.04-mg/m2 MTD attributed to PS-341 included thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, fatigue, and malaise. In three of 10 patients receiving additional therapy, serious reversible adverse events appeared during cycle 2, including one episode of postural hypotension, one systemic hypersensitivity reaction, and grade 4 transaminitis in a patient with hepatitis C and a substantial acetaminophen ingestion. PD studies revealed PS-341 induc...
New active-gyrator circuit

Ideal passive gyrators can be made using two operational amplifiers, and it has been proved that they cannot be made with only one amplifier. However, this latter proof led to the discovery that an ideal active gyrator can be made with only one amplifier. A circuit for doing this is presented here, and its behaviour when used in an inductance-simulating mode is analysed.
CONVERGENCE AND CORRELATIONS AMONG LEAF SIZE AND FUNCTION IN SEED PLANTS :A COMPARATIVE TEST USING INDEPENDENT CONTRASTS

Prior studies of a broad array of seed plants have reported strong correlations among leaf life span, specific leaf area, nitrogen concentration, and carbon assimilation rates, which have been interpreted as evidence of coordinated leaf physiological strategies. However, it is not known whether these relationships reflect patterns of evolutionary convergence, or whether they are due to contrasting characteristics of major seed plant lineages. We reevaluated a published data set for these seven traits measured in over 100 species, using phylogenetic independent contrasts calculated over a range of alternative seed plant phylogenies derived from recent molecular systematic analyses. In general, pairwise correlations among these seven traits were similar with and without consideration of phylogeny, and results were robust over a range of alternative phylogenies. We also evaluated relationships between these seven traits and lamina area, another important aspect of leaf function, and found moderate correlations with specific leaf area (0.64), mass-based photosynthesis (0.54), area-based nitrogen ( 20.56), and leaf life span (20.42). However, several of these correlations were markedly reduced using independent contrasts; for example, the correlation between leaf life span and lamina area was reduced to close to zero. This change reflects the large differences in both these traits between conifers and angiosperms and the absence of a relationship between the traits within these groups. This analysis illustrates that most interspecific relationships among leaf functional traits, considered across a broad range of seed plant taxa, reflect significant patterns of correlated evolutionary change, lending further support to the adaptive interpretation of these relationships.
Surgical resection should be considered for stage I and II small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Background Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is rarely treated with resection, either alone or combined with other modalities. This study evaluated the role of surgical resection in the treatment of stage I and II SCLC. Methods We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients from 1988 to 2007 with SCLC. Survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazard model identified relevant survival variables. Results We identified 3,566 patients with stage I or II SCLC. Lung resection was performed in 895 (25.1%), wedge resection in 251 (28.0%), lobectomy or pneumonectomy in 637 (71.2%), and lung resection not otherwise specified in 7 (0.78%). Median survival was 34.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.0 to 39.0 months) vs 16.0 months (95% CI, 15.3 to 16.7; p p = 0.001). However, survival after wedge resection was still significantly longer than survival in nonsurgical patients ( p p = 0.013), age, stage at diagnosis, radiotherapy, and operation (all p p = 0.001), age ( p p p = 0.01) were important determinants of survival. Conclusions Surgical resection as a component of treatment for stage I or II SCLC is associated with significantly improved survival and should be considered in the management of early-stage SCLC.
Late Cambrian ptychaspidid trilobites from western Utah: implications for trilobite systematics and biostratigraphy

The Notch Peak Formation (Late Cambrian, Sunwaptan) of western Utah yields diverse silicified trilobite faunas that provide new information on the anatomy of many taxa. The family Ptychaspididae Raymond, 1924, is represented by species of Keithiella Rasetti, 1944; Idiomesus Raymond, 1924; Euptychaspis Ulrich in Bridge, 1931; and Macronoda Lochman, 1964. At least four species are new, of which E. lawsonensis and M. notchpeakensis are named formally. Much previous work on Late Cambrian trilobites has emphasized biostratigraphic utility and the recognition of geographically widespread species. Data from new silicified collections indicate that this approach is difficult to justify because many putative 'index species' actually represent a plexus of closely related species whose biostratigraphic significance has yet to be determined. One such plexus is represented by E. kirki Kobayashi, 1935, whose previously reported occurrences in Texas, Oklahoma, Utah, Nevada and northern Canada record at least four distinct species. Similarly, Macronoda can now be shown to consist of at least five late Sunwaptan species in south-central and western North America.
The Fitness Cost of Mutations Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Is Modulated by Mutational Interactions

It is generally accepted that the fitness cost of resistance mutations plays a role in the persistence of transmitted drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and that mutations that confer a high fitness cost are less able to persist in the absence of drug pressure. Here, we show that the fitness cost of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations can vary within a 72-fold range. We also demonstrate that the fitness cost of M184V and K70R can be decreased or enhanced by other resistance mutations such as D67N and K219Q. We conclude that the persistence of transmitted RT mutants might range widely on the basis of fitness and that the modulation of fitness cost by mutational interactions will be a critical determinant of persistence.
The Discovery and Physical Characteristics of 1996 JA1

Abstract 1996 JA 1 , which approached to 0.003 AU of the Earth on 1996 May 19.7 UT, was discovered on films exposed 5 days earlier during the course of the high-ecliptic-latitude Bigelow Sky Survey. The utility of high-latitude surveying for near-Earth objects is demonstrated by the fact that 1996 JA 1 traveled through the usual ecliptic survey region at a rate of 5° hr −1 , and would likely have escaped detection even at V = 11. Rapid astrometry and communication through the Minor Planet Center and the World Wide Web facilitated follow-up observations that indicate 1996 JA 1 has a mean diameter of 170 m, a rotational period of 5.23 hr, and an albedo of 0.30. With a spectrum consistent with the V class, it is possible that 1996 JA 1 shares the same source as the HED meteorites.
Particle-In-Cell simulations of halo particle production in intense charged particle beams propagating through a quadrupole focusing field with varying lattice amplitude

The transverse compression and dynamics of intense charged particle beams, propagating through a periodic quadrupole lattice, play an important role in many accelerator physics applications. Typically, the compression can be achieved by means of increasing the focusing strength of the lattice along the beam propagation direction. However, beam propagation through the lattice transition region inevitably leads to a certain level of beam mismatch and halo formation. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of these phenomena using particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations performed with the WARP code. A new definition of beam halo is proposed in this work that provides the opportunity to carry out a quantitative analysis of halo production by a beam mismatch.
Control of mRNA turnover as a mechanism of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract We have examined the expression of the gene encoding the iron-protein subunit (Ip) of succinate dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene had been cloned by us and shown to be subject to glucose regulation (A. Lombardo, K. Carine, and I. E. Scheffler, J. Biol. Chem. 265:10419-10423, 1990). We discovered that a significant part of the regulation of the Ip mRNA levels by glucose involves the regulation of the turnover rate of this mRNA. In the presence of glucose, the half-life appears to be less than 5 min, while in glycerol medium, the half-life is greater than 60 min. The gene is also regulated transcriptionally by glucose. The upstream promoter sequence appeared to have four regulatory elements with consensus sequences shown to be responsible for the interaction with the HAP2/3/4 regulatory complex. A deletion analysis has shown that the two distal elements are redundant. These measurements were carried out by Northern (RNA) analyses of Ip mRNA transcripts as well as by assays of beta-galactosidase activity in cells carrying constructs of the Ip promoter linked to the lacZ coding sequence. These observations on the regulation of mRNA stability were also extended to the mRNA of the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase and in some experiments of iso-1-cytochrome c.
Seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature in Indianapolis, USA

This paper intended to examine the seasonal variations in the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature based on a case study of Indianapolis, United States. The integration of remote sensing, GIS, and landscape ecology methods was used in this study. Four Terra's ASTER images were used to derive the landscape patterns and land surface temperatures (LST) in four seasons in the study area. The spatial and ecological characteristics of landscape patterns and LSTs were examined by the use of landscape metrics. The impact of each land use and land cover type on LST was analyzed based on the measurements of landscape metrics. The results show that the landscape and LST patterns in the winter were unique. The rest of three seasons apparently had more agreeable landscape and LST patterns. The spatial configuration of each LST zone conformed to that of each land use and land cover type with more than 50% of overlap in area for all seasons. This paper may provide useful information for urban planners and environmental managers for assessing and monitoring urban thermal environments as result of urbanization.
The prototypical H+/galactose symporter GalP assembles into functional trimers.

Glucose is a primary source of energy for human cells. Glucose transporters form specialized membrane channels for the transport of sugars into and out of cells. Galactose permease (GalP) is the closest bacterial homolog of human facilitated glucose transporters. Here, we report the functional reconstitution and 2D crystallization of GalP. Single particle electron microscopy analysis of purified GalP shows that the protein assembles as an oligomer with three distinct densities. Reconstitution assays yield 2D GalP crystals that exhibit a hexagonal array having p3 symmetry. The projection structure of GalP at 18 A resolution shows that the protein is trimeric. Each monomer in the trimer forms its own channel, but an additional cavity (10~15 A in diameter) is apparent at the 3-fold axis of the oligomer. We show that the crystalline GalP is able to selectively bind substrate, suggesting that the trimeric form is biologically active.
Midstage Spermatid Architecture inRiccia gougetiana(Hepaticae)

Abstract The blepharoplast of Riccia gougetiana displays typical features of the subclass Marchantiidae. The spline reaches a maximum of 24 microtubules and has a closed aperture the equivalent of two microtubule diameters in width. The lamellar strip is longitudinally elongated and asymmetrically spatulate in shape, 1.96 μm long and 0.74 μm wide, the same as the overlying spline. The basal bodies are staggered in insertion, overlapping, and parallel with the spline over most of their lengths. The ABB, situated over the right side of the spline and 0.22 μm from the anterior spline margin, measures 0.71 μm in length including triplet extensions. The PBB is longer, at 1.16 μm, and is situated over the left side of the spline, 0.59 μm from the leading edge of the spline. The uniformity of blepharoplast features in the subclass Marchantiidae, and particularly within the Marchantiales, supports the concept of a monophyletic grouping. The overall similarity of the blepharoplast among those marchantialian genera...
Sexual orientation and sexual assault victimization among US college students

Abstract Sexual victimization continues to be a problem on college campuses across the United States. Research on risk focuses on victimization of heterosexual women while that of sexual minority students is under-studied. The current study uses National College Health Assessment data to examine the relationship between sexual identity and four measures of self-reported sexual victimization. Several victimization correlates identified in prior research are included in analyses. Logistic regression results show that gay men and bisexual men and women were more likely compared to heterosexuals to report all four victimization types, and unsure students are more likely to report three types. However, lesbian students are no more likely than heterosexual students to report any sexual victimization. Also, transgendered students were more likely compared to female students to report three victimization types.
Nanoscale Thermal Property of Amorphous SiC: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Thermal properties of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) at nanometric scales are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on an empirical interatomic potential. A scalable parallel MD algorithm is used for studying systems as long as 30nm. To validate the potential, phonon density of states and specific heat of a-SiC are first calculated. Size effects are studied, and errors are estimated for the temperature profile for different system sizes. Simulation time required to achieve steady temperature profiles is also determined. Finally the thermal conductivities of a-SiC at various temperatures are calculated. The results show that thermal conductivities of a-SiC at nanometric scale also agree with Slack’s minimum thermal conductivity model.
Screening Specimens for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

We used bile esculin azide (BEA) agar supplemented with 10 μg/mL of vancomycin to screen 425 stool and rectal swab cultures for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE). We isolated 85 VRE during the surveillance period. Gram-negative flora were inhibited by sodium azide in the medium, which facilitated the detection of colonies of VRE. Enterococci are differentiated easily on BEA agar owing to esculin hydrolysis, which changes the color of the medium from pale yellow to black. The use of BEA agar with vancomycin combines differential and selective properties to rapidly isolate VRE from heavily contaminated specimens. The process involves significantly less time and resources when compared with conventional methods.
Analysis on the safety of freeze-dry live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine in Yichun City

Objective To evaluate the safety of freeze-dry live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine. Methods Age-appropriate children were inoculated with freeze-dry live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and observed for safety in Yichun city, and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted. Results A total of 30 000 children aged 18 to 24 months were inoculated with freeze-dried live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, the incidence rates of adverse reactions were 40 per 100 000. There were four cases of abnormal reaction, both allergic rash, abnormal reaction rates were 13.33 per 100 000; and eight cases of general response mainly had symptoms of fever, general reaction rate was 26.67 per 100 000. 91.67% of the adverse reactions occurred within 24 h. All patients were cured in a short time. No severe abnormal responses were observed. Conclusion Freeze-dried live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine shows a good safety.
‘Enemies of the Empire’? The Imperial Context of the Connaught Rangers Mutiny

At a Calcutta bookstall in 1920, an Irish soldier named Shane O’Neill meets and falls in love with a young Bengali woman named Aparajita as they peruse the Selected Poems of William Butler Yeats. During their discussion of the poem ‘September 1913,’ their talk turns from literature to political nationalism. O’Neill confesses that he is a ‘rebel at heart’ in spite of his British Army uniform: his father was a Fenian, his grandfather took part in the Young Ireland uprising of 1848, and his great-grandfather ‘was hanged for being a rebel in ninety-eight.’ He is surprised to learn from Aparajita ‘that India, too, has fought for freedom thru the centuries’: ‘Freedom for India,’ cried Shane,’ sure I haven’t heard a word about it. I didn’t know your people were thinking that way. Sure, why shouldn’t ye have freedom if ye want it?’ he went on. ‘What’s sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. If freedom is good for Ireland, it ought to be good for India. I know we want freedom in Ireland. We’ve fought for it for seven hundred years.’
Walter Pater, film theorist

Though we are not accustomed to thinking of Pater as a film theorist — since film was still on the verge of being developed at the time of his death – I would like to venture several respects in which it makes sense to do so. Pater’s work is saturated with attention to the moving image. In this essay, I will link his concern with the art history of the tableau to his concern with the epiphanic moment, whose importance is well known in Pater studies. This link will form a framework within which we can discern new significance in his synthetic conceptions of painting and music. Thus the present essay will also illuminate Pater’s theory of Anders-streben, the ‘striving after otherness’ exhibited by all art forms, the way each art form struggles to surpass its own limitations and thus to merge with other art forms in an interart dynamic that is surely one chief focus of this volume.1
Diversity optimization by axial rotation of helical antennas in a MIMO system

This paper describes a technique for optimizing the diversity of two same-sense, axial-mode helical antennas in a MIMO system. It is shown that for a fixed spatial separation, a mechanical rotation of one of the helical antennas about its longitudinal axis will always minimize the envelope correlation coefficient. The mutual coupling between the antennas can be reduced at the same time. The technique is verified by simulations and s-parameter measurements on 5.8 GHz helical antennas.
Sleep and Microbes.

Sleep is profoundly altered during the course of infectious diseases. The typical response to infection includes an initial increase in nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) followed by an inhibition in NREMS. REMS is inhibited during infections. Bacterial cell wall components, such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, macrophage digests of these components, such as muramyl peptides, and viral products, such as viral double-stranded RNA, trigger sleep responses. They do so via pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition receptors that, in turn, enhance cytokine production. Altered sleep and associated sleep-facilitated fever responses are likely adaptive responses to infection. Normal sleep in physiological conditions may also be influenced by gut microbes because the microbiota is affected by circadian rhythms, stressors, diet, and exercise. Furthermore, sleep loss enhances translocation of viable bacteria from the intestine, which provides another means by which sleep–microbe interactions impact neurobiology.
Effect of aprepitant, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, on bosutinib exposure in healthy subjects

Bosutinib is an oral, dual Src and Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome—positive chronic myeloid leukemia resistant or intolerant to prior TKI therapy. Bosutinib is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, suggesting drug interaction potential with other CYP3A4 modulators. This open-label, randomized, 2-sequence, 2-period crossover study assessed the effect of single-dose aprepitant, a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, on the single-dose pharmacokinetic profile of oral bosutinib 500 mg. Nineteen healthy, fed adults received bosutinib (100 mg × 5) alone or coadministered with aprepitant (125 mg × 1) in each treatment period (with a ≥14-day washout); serial blood samples were analyzed. Safety was evaluated. Following coadministration of aprepitant with bosutinib, the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum plasma concentration (C max) were higher than in bosutinib alone (AUCinf, 4719 and 2268 ng•h/mL; C max, 146.0 and 94.94 ng/mL). For bosutinib with aprepitant versus bosutinib alone, mean terminal elimination half-life was similar (25.99 vs 27.79 h), time to C max was longer (6.02 vs 4.15 h), and apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was decreased (105.9 vs 220.4 L/h). The ratio of adjusted geometric means of AUCinf and C max for bosutinib with aprepitant relative to bosutinib alone were 199 % (90 % confidence interval, 167–237 %) and 153 % (127–184 %), respectively. Both treatments were well tolerated. In healthy volunteers, administering a single dose of aprepitant increased the AUC and C max following a single dose of bosutinib by 99 and 53 %, respectively. These results are consistent with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor effect of aprepitant on bosutinib (Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02058277).
Multi-market bidding strategy considering probabilistic real time ancillary service deployment

Generation companies (GENCOs) are seeking for maximum economical profits in both energy and ancillary service markets. This paper proposes a methodology for obtaining the optimal bidding strategy for GENCOs in multiple electricity markets. Step-wise Supply function like bid curve with strategical bidding prices is used for the day-ahead multi-market auction. Probabilistic real time deployment of ancillary services is considered. Competition among GENCOs in such multi-market is modeled as a non-cooperative complete information game. A two-layer optimization problem is modeled, with the upper layer representing the GENCO's profit maximization subproblem and the lower layer representing the ISO's (Independent System Operator) simultaneous multi-market clearing subproblem. Illustrative examples show the advantages of considering probabilistic real time ancillary services deployment and simultaneously participating multi-market for a GENCO's profit seeking purpose.
Effect of celastrol on temozolomide cytotoxicity in melanoma cells and inhibition of NF-kB signaling

9076 Background: Temozolomide (TMZ) exhibits clinical activity in the treatment of melanoma and glioblastoma, but response rates are low. Identification of agents that improve TMZ's efficacy and overcome resistance is of great interest. In this study, we have identified celastrol as a natural product that significantly enhances TMZ-induced cytotoxicity by testing a library of drugs and natural products for cytotoxic activity against glioma and melanoma cell lines and have examined its mechanism of action in melanoma cells. Methods: A preliminary screening of a library of 2000 drugs and natural products was performed and a short list of drugs was identified as able to enhance TMZ-induced cell killing in TMZ-resistant cancer cell lines. The effects of these compounds were further confirmed in five melanoma cell lines. A cell proliferation assay was used to compare growth inhibitory effects of single agent TMZ versus combination treatments. Synergy in inhibiting cell proliferation was assessed using combinat...
Let US physics commit to collaboration

A joined-up funding system is needed to enable the United States to make long-term pledges to major international projects, says Barry Barish.
Transferrin Receptor 1, a direct c-Myc target, is necessary for cell-cycle progression and stimulates cellular proliferation under limiting conditions

6119 Transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC1) is a major mediator of iron uptake in mammalian cells and thus plays an important role in normal cellular metabolism. Moreover, overexpression of TFRC1 is a common feature of many human malignancies. Therapeutic strategies designed to interfere with tumor iron metabolism have targeted TFRC1. The MYC proto-oncogene encodes a transcription factor that stimulates cellular proliferation and growth through the activation of thousands of target genes. Here we demonstrate that TFRC1 is directly activated by c-Myc and is necessary for cell cycle progression. TFRC1 expression was found to be c-Myc-responsive in a human B-cell line harboring a tetracycline-repressible MYC transgene. TFRC expression is also induced by c-Myc in an in vivo mouse model of B-cell lymphoma. Additionally, TFRC expression is greatly diminished in MYC null rat fibroblasts, demonstrating that MYC is required for physiologic TFRC1 expression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, c-Myc was shown to bind directly to an evolutionarily conserved E-box motif (CACGTG) in intron 1 of the TFRC gene. Since TFRC expression is elevated in lymphomas and is regulated by MYC, we sought to determine whether TFRC is required for MYC-mediated cell cycle proliferation and cell size control. Abrogation of TFRC expression using siRNA results in a cell proliferation defect, G1 arrest, and activation of cell cycle checkpoint genes p53 and p21. These effects are also induced by iron chelation with desferrioxamine (DFX). In contrast, neither knock-down of TFRC using siRNA nor DFX treatment affected the MYC-mediated increase in cell size. To globally assess expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and cell size control, we examined expression profiles in B-cells treated with TFRC1 siRNA. Downregulated transcripts included cell division cycle (cdc) genes, cyclins, and other factors required for DNA replication. Upregulated transcripts include p53-responsive and apoptosis-promoting genes. Consistent with our observation that TFRC1 knockdown did not influence cell size, expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and cell size regulation was unaffected in siRNA-treated cells. In order to explore the physiologic consequences of TFRC1 overexpression, we examined the proliferative capacity of rat fibroblasts growing in limiting serum. We provide evidence that overexpression of TFRC1 confers a significant growth advantage under these conditions. These data suggest that upregulation of TFRC1 by c-Myc may be advantageous to cells growing in limiting nutrients, the typical environment of tumor cells. Our findings provide a molecular basis for increased TFRC1 expression in human tumors, pinpoint the role of TFRC1 in the c-Myc target gene network, and support the idea that TFRC1 may be an attractive target for cancer therapy.
Constructing a theoretical framework for the process of innovation legitimation

The purpose of this research is to provide a framework for studying the key stakeholders who play a role in the process legitimation of an innovation. Specifically, we combine Foucault’s discourse on power, Latour’s Actor Network Theory and Goffman’s frame analysis to present a theoretical framework for the process of innovation legitimation (PIL). To demonstrate its usefulness, we apply the PIL framework to the context of nanotechnology. We ultimately determine that there are four key stakeholders trying to frame nanotechnology: 1) Advancement (i.e., government), 2) Management (i.e., industry), 3) Development (i.e., academia), and 4) Reflection (i.e., NGOs). The trajectory of market formation and legitimation for nanotechnology will depend largely on the cultural discourses that are disseminated by these four actors and the way other peripheral actors interpret the dominant frames. By conceptualizing the current frames for an innovation in the process of legitimizing, the future of each key discourse can be envisioned.
Network topology identification from corrupt data streams

The interconnectivity structure of many complex systems can be modeled as a network of dynamically interacting processes. Identification of mutual dependencies amongst the agents is of primary importance in many application domains that include internet-of-things, neuroscience and econometrics. Moreover, in many such systems it is not possible to deliberately affect the system and thus passive methods are of particular relevance. However, for an effective framework that identifies influence pathways from dynamically related data streams originating at different sources it is essential to address the uncertainty of data caused by possibly unknown time-origins of different streams and other corrupting influences including packet drops and noise. In this article, a method of reconstructing the network topology from corrupt data streams is provided with emphasis on the characterization of the effects of data corruption on the reconstructed network. The structure of the network is identified by observing the sparsity pattern in the joint power spectrum of the measurements.
Polarization Effects in n − p and p − p Scattering

Calculations have been made of the left-right asymmetry to be expected in neutron-proton scattering if polarized neutrons are used. The detection of such an asymmetry would be direct evidence of a tensor force interaction in the scattering. A 4 percent asymmetry might be expected at 100 Mev using a ($p,n$) exchange reaction as a source of 20 percent polarized neutrons. Effects are smaller in proton-proton scattering.
A pilot horticultural therapy program serving veterans with mental health issues: Feasibility and outcomes.

Abstract Background and purpose Veterans face challenges when returning from deployment. Many have mental health difficulties because of their service and may have significant effects on veterans' lives. Horticultural therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for these mental health conditions. Materials and methods The current study was a 5-week pilot conducted in the United States to assess a horticultural therapy program for veterans with mental health issues. Results Eight veterans completed the full 5-week pilot program. Participants reported significantly lower depression [M = 6.25 (SD = 5.23); t = 3.38, p = .01] and stress [M = 5.00 (SD = 2.56); t = 5.52, p = .001] on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales. Conclusion Participants provided positive feedback about the program and indicated that it was beneficial for them. Future research should be conducted with a larger sample size and control group to further validate these results.
Don't Answer the Door: Montejo v. Louisiana Relaxes Police Restrictions for Questioning Non-Custodial Defendants

In 2009, the Supreme Court held in Montejo v. Louisiana that a de fendant may validly waive his Sixth Amendment right to counsel during police interrogation, even if police initiate interrogation after the defendant's invocation of the right at the first formal proceeding. This Note asserts that Montejo significantly altered the Sixth Amendment protections available to represented defendants. By in creasing defendants' exposure to law enforcement, the decision allows police to try to elicit incriminating statements and waivers of the right to counsel after the defendant has expressed a desire for counsel. In order to protect the defendant's constitutional guarantee of a right to counsel at all critical stages in his prosecution, it is es sential to impose higher waiver standards for represented defendants. Thus, this Note argues that state and lower courts should adopt a rule that would render invalid any waiver of right to counsel given in response to police-initiated questioning, regardless of whether the questioning occurred in a custodial or non-custodial en vironment, provided the defendant who waived the right had already been formally charged and invoked his right to an attorney.
The Electrophysiological Cardiac Ventricular Substrate in Patients After Myocardial Infarction: Noninvasive Characterization With Electrocardiographic Imaging

Objectives: The aim of this study was to noninvasively image the electrophysiological (EP) substrate of human ventricles after myocardial infarction and define its characteristics.Background: Ventr...
Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment Method Based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm

Aiming at the problem of weapon target assignment when multiple weapon units on diverse battle platforms head off a group of targets, the mathematic model of this problem is established. A weapon target assignment method based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm is proposed for solving the dynamic weapon target assignment problem, and a typical instance is designed for simulation experiment. The simulation results demonstrate that this method is superior in the condition of time restraint comparing with the Genetic Algorithm, and validate the effectiveness of employing the Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm in resolving dynamic weapon target assignment problem.
Mechanism and Regioselectivity of an Unsymmetrical Hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) Reaction

Hoye reported intramolecular hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reactions to generate arynes that functionalize natural product phenols and amines. In their studies, Hoye found that unsymmetrical tetraynes selectively form a single aryne. We report density functional theory (DFT) calculations that reveal the factors controlling the regioselectivity.
Experimental Measurement and Analysis of Stress/Shock Wave Propagation Speed through Pre-strained Silicone Foam Pads under Lateral Confinement

Foam materials are extensively utilized in aerospace, military, and transportation applications to mitigate blast or shock impact. When foam materials are subjected to an external high-speed impact, shock, or blast loading, an elastic wave or shock wave will form and propagate through the thickness of the foam materials. In this study, silicone foam pads, which were confined laterally and pre-strained to different levels, were experimentally characterized and theoretically analyzed to understand their effects on wave propagation characteristics under impact loading. Depending on impact velocity, either an elastic strain wave or a shock wave would be generated in the silicone foam pad with different pre-strains. Above a certain impact velocity, a shock wave will be generated whereas, below this threshold impact velocity, an elastic strain wave will be generated. This threshold impact velocity depends on the pre-strain applied to the silicone foam pad. Equations are provided to estimate the wave propagation speed for either an elastic or a shock wave from the amount of pre-strain in the silicone foam pads and the impact velocity. These equations are expected to help improve silicone foam design and assembly processes for shock or blast mitigation applications.
Resident’s Perceptions of Quality Of Life in Tourism destination of Passikudah in Batticaloa District

Tourism development is increasingly viewed as an important tool in promoting economic growth, alleviating poverty, and advancing food security. Also the tourism industry develops hotel accommodation, railways, waterways, roads, highway, electricity, supply of water, and other facilities like restaurants and shopping etc. Therefore tourism contributes to the GDP; create employment opportunity and earning foreign exchange.
Characteristics of hurricane-induced wind, wave, and storm surge maxima along the U.S. Atlantic coast

Abstract Hurricanes induce multiple hazards including high wind speeds, large waves, and storm surge. The characteristics of these hazards have an important effect on the design of offshore structures and determine the suitability of simplifying assumptions for modeling, such as whether the maxima can be reasonably modeled as occurring simultaneously during the hurricane and whether the N-year values of the hazards can be modeled separately and combined. Such assumptions are common in practice. Assessing the implications of these assumptions to better inform hazard modeling along the U.S. Atlantic coast is the central objective of this paper. To this end, the characteristics of wind speeds, waves, and storm surge during hurricanes are evaluated for ten areas where development of offshore wind is proposed. The assumptions are evaluated for a model of an offshore wind turbine using time histories of hazards during intense hurricanes and using so-called environmental contours constructed through a novel implementation of the Inverse First Order Reliability Method. The results of this study show that these assumptions are reasonably accurate, especially for wind and wave in shallow waters and for wind and surge in deep waters. Hazard ratios are proposed as a suitable representation of the characteristics of hazard maxima.
Transatlantic Trio: Empiricism, Evangelicalism, Romanticism: Essays and Reviews, 1974–2017 / Religion in Romantic England: An Anthology of Primary Sources

Taken as a pair, these vastly different books nevertheless chart an instructive map of the study of religion and Romanticism over the last 45 years and suggest possible paths for future inquiry. Tr...
A Poster Summarizing the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Knee Osteoarthritis Clinical Practice Guideline Is a Powerful Tool for Patient Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background In 2013, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) published an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) on conservative treatment options for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a poster outlining the AAOS knee OA CPG on patient comprehension and satisfaction in the clinic. Methods This is a prospective 2-armed randomized controlled trial. Patients were eligible if they were of age 40-85 years, had degenerative knee OA, and did not consent for surgery. Patients were randomized to nonposter (standard care) and poster rooms. Knee OA treatment options were described to the patient verbally and posters were used as a teaching tool when present. The main outcomes were comprehension and satisfaction scores on a survey. Results Of the 105 patients enrolled, 51 (48.6%) were randomized to usual care (control) and 54 (51.4%) to the intervention (poster). Poster patients outperformed control patients with an average of 55.3% ± 16.7% (mean ± SD) compared to 39.5% ± 13.3% correct answers (P 50% correct answers (P Conclusion Patients educated using an AAOS knee CPG poster showed significant improvements in knowledge and were more likely to achieve an adequately informed status. No difference existed in visit satisfaction. A poster offers a low-cost, effective educational tool. Level of Evidence Level 1.