cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manure amendments for mitigation of dairy ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions: preliminary screening

Amendments can be practical and cost-effective for reducing ammonia [NH 3 ] and greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions from dairy manure. In this study, the effect of 22 amendments on NH 3 and GHG carbon dioxide [CO 2 ], methane [CH 4 ] and nitrous oxide [N 2 O] emissions from dairy manure were simultaneous investigated at room temperature (20 ℃ ). Dairy manure slurry (2 kg; 1:1.7 urine: feces; 12% total solids) was treated with various amendments, representing different classes of product, following the suppliers’ recommended rates. In this screening of products, one sample of each amendment was evaluated along with untreated manure slurry with repeated measurements over 24 h. Gas emissions were measured after short (3 d) and medium (30 d) storage duration using a photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer. Six amendment products that acted as microbial digest, oxidizing agent, masking agent or adsorbent significantly reduced NH 3 by >10% ( P = 0.04 to <0.001) after both 3 and 30 d. Microbial digest/enzymes with nitrogen substrate appeared effective in reducing CH 4 fluxes for both storage times. Most of the masking agents and disinfectants significantly increased CH 4 in both storage periods ( P = 0.04 to <0.001). For both CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes, aging the manure slurry for 30 d significantly reduced gas production by 11 to 100% ( P <0.001). While some products reduced emissions at one or both storage times, results showed that the ability of amendments to mitigate emissions from dairy manure is finite and re-application may be required even for a static amount of manure. Simultaneous measurement of gases identified glycerol as a successful NH 3 reduction agent while increasing CH 4 in contrast to a digestive-microbial product that significantly reduced CH 4 while enhancing NH 3 release. Keywords: m ethane, greenhouse gas, emission, amendment, additive, dairy manure, ammonia, mitigation
Using CBPR to Assess Client Needs at a Social Service Agency.

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has become an important research approach for universities to partner with social service agencies by uniting them in project design, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Objectives This study involved FOCUS, an urban social service agency, and Rutgers College of Nursing (RUCON) collaboratively conducting a needs assessment to compare the health needs of its clients and their employees' perception of their clients health needs, utilizing CBPR. Design Qualitative data was collected using the focus group method, field notes, photographs, and observation. The employees of FOCUS facilitated focus groups, participant recruitment, and transcribed and translated data. Results Three themes emerged: Health Education, Cost of Health Care, and Barriers to Health Care. Conclusion This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge of integrating the CBPR approach when conducting a community needs assessment with a social service agency. The CBPR approach closely reflects the identified health needs of its clients resulting in interventions that will meet their specific health needs.
Unraveling Gut Inflammation

The barrier between our gut flora and body depends on immune cell action and secreted antibacterial molecules in the gut wall.
The Nursing Care of Rape Victims

Every case of rape is unique. For this reason, emergency unit (EU) nursing services, along with other health care and legal systems, have begun to develop guidelines to provide appropriate individualized care for victims. With new appreciation of the effects of this violent crime, it is evident that the emergency care following a rape has tremendous impact on the victim. Sensitive, thorough, and informed nursing contributes in a major way to assuring that this impact is in support of the victim’s ability to cope (Appell, Baskin, & Smith, 1976; Klingbeil, Anderson, & Vontver, 1976).
Rapid protein global fold determination using ultrasparse sampling, high-dynamic range artifact suppression, and time-shared NOESY.

In structural studies of large proteins by NMR, global fold determination plays an increasingly important role in providing a first look at a target’s topology and reducing assignment ambiguity in NOESY spectra of fully protonated samples. In this work, we demonstrate the use of ultrasparse sampling, a new data processing algorithm, and a 4-D time-shared NOESY experiment (1) to collect all NOEs in 2H/13C/15N-labeled protein samples with selectively protonated amide and ILV methyl groups at high resolution in only four days, and (2) to calculate global folds from this data using fully automated resonance assignment. The new algorithm, SCRUB, incorporates the CLEAN method for iterative artifact removal but applies an additional level of iteration, permitting real signals to be distinguished from noise and allowing nearly all artifacts generated by real signals to be eliminated. In simulations with 1.2% of the data required by Nyquist sampling, SCRUB achieves a dynamic range over 10000:1 (250× better artifac...
Cognitive responses under stress: the effect of examination stress on commonality of verbal associations.

The present study determined the impact of a familiar stress situation, the college examination, on commonality of verbal associations. Three groups of college students responded to a word-association test under the following conditions: one group was tested first under examination stress and then in a normal classroom setting; a second group was tested in the reverse of this order while a third group, serving as an over-all control, was tested twice under normal conditions. Contrary to drive theory, the results indicated that anxiety tends to weaken the bond between pairs of verbal associates, reducing the frequency of common responses. The decrement in commonality was least in words of high response strength. It was concluded that loosened verbal associations—in mild form—are typical reactions to stress in normal persons. The implications of the results are discussed in reference to dedifferentiation theory and psychopathology.
Salt Requirement for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in the Annual Succulent, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum

In experiments with the facultative Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum , only plants which received high levels of inorganic salts fixed substantial amounts of CO 2 by the CAM pathway. Equivalent osmolarities of polyethylene glycol 6000 did not yield any CAM fixation. Plant water potential and turgor pressure had no detectable influence on the amount of CAM fixation. These observations rule out the possibility that the inorganic ions were acting as osmotic agents. Carbon dioxide and water exchange analysis showed that when water supply was not limiting, salt-deprived plants sustained higher reductive pentose phosphate cycle carbon fixation rates than salt-treated plants. Under water stress conditions, salt-deprived plants using only the reductive pentose phosphate cycle pathway assimilated less carbon and were less efficient in their water use than salt-treated plants using predominately the CAM pathway. These results support the hypothesis that the ability to use the CAM pathway reduces the capacity for reductive pentose phosphate cycle fixation but permits higher productivity in water-limited environments.
Analysis of radiation-induced embrittlement gradients on fracture characteristics of thick-walled pressure vessel steels

The fracture behavior of thick-walled nuclear vessels is considered for the case of a radiation-induced toughness gradient through the wall which characteristically results from neutron attenuation by the wall material itself. Fracture-safe design analyses based on linear elastic formulations or extrapolations of these formulations to the elastic-plastic regime are not sufficiently developed to characterize the integrated behavior of a wall whose toughness can range from brittle at the inner surface to highly ductile at the outer surface. Solutions to the problem in the foreseeable future will be obtained only by experimental means. The present approach uses the Fracture Analysis Diagram (FAD) together with a new interpretative method for fracture extension resistance based on modified dynamic tear specimens as the tools for gradient assessments. With these techniques, the significance of the toughness gradient through the wall is assessed in terms of thick section mechanical constraint, and fracture characteristics of the complete wall are predicted.
Metabolic disposition of the anti-cancer agent [14C]laromustine in male rats

Abstract1. Laromustine (VNP40101M, also known as Cloretazine) is a novel sulfonylhydrazine alkylating (anticancer) agent. This article describes the use of quantitative whole-body autoradiography (QWBA) and mass balance to study the tissue distribution, the excretion mass balance and pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration of [14C]VNP40101M to rats. A single 10 mg/kg IV bolus dose of [14C]VNP40101M was given to rats.2. The recovery of radioactivity from the Group 1 animals over a 7-day period was an average of 92.1% of the administered dose, which was accounted for in the excreta and carcass. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated within 48 h via urine (48%), with less excreted in feces (5%) and expired air accounted for (11%). The plasma half-life of [14C]laromustine was approximately 62 min and the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) averaged 8.3 μg/mL.3. The QWBA study indicated that the drug-derived radioactivity was widely distributed to tissues through 7 days post-dose after a single 10 mg/...
The Empirical as Conceptual Transdisciplinary Engagements with an “Experiential Medicine”

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is often considered an “experiential medicine.” As such, it is seen as in need of conceptual elevation by scientific experiments and theorization, which actualize...
THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW ICELAND

(1963). THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW ICELAND. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 350-363.
ENTRY FLOW IN A CHANNEL. PART 3. INLET IN A UNIFORM STREAM

The report complements earlier papers by Van Dyke (1970) and by Wilson (1971) which have appeared under the same title. Second-order boundary-layer theory is used to examine the region near the entrance to a single channel placed in a uniform stream. It is found that there are additional effects to those present in the three models treated by Van Dyke and Wilson. In particular, the cascade model misses the leading term in the separation force while the irrotational-entry model misses that in the skin friction. There are also two new effects far downstream: logarithmic terms appear (apparently for the first time in second-order theory); and a resonance with the first eigensolution occurs. (Author)
Evidence for the mode of sclerotization in a molluscan periostracum

Abstract 1. 1. The periostracum of the ribbed mussel Geukensia (Moliolus) demissa is a chemically and structurally heterogeneous cuticle consisting of protein notably high in glycine (410 residues/1000) and tyrosine (150 res/1000). Also detected was 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) (12 res/1000). 2. 2. Newly secreted periostracum contained a 7-fold greater weight proportion of proteins soluble in 8 M urea and 0.5% SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) than did old tanned periostracum. 3. 3. Proteins extracted from new periostracum were fractionated by SDS gel electrophoresis resulting in three peaks with mobilities corresponding to molecular weights of 22,000, 17,000 and 14,000. 4. 4. The 3-peak pattern was reasonably stable at an extraction pH of 6.0; however, at pH 7.5, the proteins reacted within 90 min of the pH adjustment to form a protein mass largely excluded from the gel pores. 5. 5. This aggregation of proteins was not reversible with 8 M urea, 0.5% SDS, 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol and incubation at 60°C for 15 min. 6. 6. Dopa-oxidase activity was briefly associated with a transient peak (80,000 mol wt) in gels containing periostracal proteins prepared at pH 7.5. 7. 7. Old periostracum produced no visible protein or dopa-oxidase peaks after electrophoretic fractionation.
Exact result of two-loop correction to the statistics parameter

Abstract The renormalization of (2+1)-dimensional abelian Chern-Simons gauge theory coupled to charged scalar fields is investigated with the regularization by dimensional continuation. An explicit analytic computation of the two-loop radiative correction to the Chern-Simons term is given. The equivalence between the F-square regularization and the regularization by dimensional continuation is verified at the same level.
Tropical Cyclone Track Prediction with a Barotropic Spectral Model

Abstract A barotropic spectral model (BSM) is developed to investigate the possibility of forecasting tropical cyclone tracks with global, general circulation models. The model is governed by a barotropic vorticity equation in spherical coordinates which is solved wing a spectral method with spherical harmonic basis functions. The model was run with a triangular truncation of 128 on half of the northern hemisphere (180°W–0°W), and was initialized using horizontal winds from the NMC analyses vertically averaged from 1000 to 100 mb. The storm circulation is represented by a specified axisymmetric vortex and the model was tested by making 30 track forecasts of Atlantic tropical cyclones (13 storms) which occurred from 1979 to 1984. The skill of the model was assessed by comparing the track forecasts to forecasts from a model based on climatology and persistence (CLIPER). The BSM has statistically significant skill for 24 and 36 h track forecasts and longer range of skill for forecasts of low-latitude storms....
On general convergence in extracting radicals via a fundamental family of iteration functions

Newton's method is well-known to be generally convergent for solving x^n-c=0. In this paper, we first extend this result to the next two members of an infinite family of high order methods referred to here as the Basic Family which starts with Newton's method. While computing roots of unity numerically is a trivial task, studying the general convergence of the Basic Family in this simple case is an important first step toward the understanding of the global behavior of this fundamental family. With the aid of polynomiography, techniques for the visualization of polynomial root-finding, we further conjecture the general convergence of all members of the Basic Family when extracting radicals. Using the computer algebra system Maple, we obtain some partial results toward the proof of our conjecture.
Meaningful EHR attributes for an era of accountability, transparency, shared decision making, and value assessment.

Our current healthcare system is belabored with significant inefficiency. This inefficiency includes poor communication among care providers, poor care coordination, and poor usability of health in...
Performance Enhancement for a Missile in the Presence of Saturating Actuators

A method is presented for enhancing the performance of a missile, at a stable operating point, in the presence of multiple saturating actuators. The method involves the design of a saturation detection system, called an error governor, that maintains, to the extent possible, the multivariable properties of the original autopilot design. The system prevents saturation, eliminates windup phenomena, ensures finite gain £°° closed-loop stability, and maintains, to the extent possible, the directionality properties of the original autopilot.
Status of the Advanced Photon Source

Abstract In the fall of 2010, the Advanced Photon Source (APS) will enter its fifteenth year of user operations. During fiscal year 2009, the APS delivered X-ray beam to the scientific community 97.7% of scheduled hours (availability) and with a mean time between faults of 77.5 h. The APS remains the most prolific source worldwide of structure deposits in the Protein Data Bank (1433 in 2009) and a leader in the field of high-pressure research, among others. However, to maintain its position as a state-of-the-art facility for hard X-ray science, it will be necessary to refresh and improve the APS X-ray source and beamlines. We are presently on the path to do that through the APS Upgrade Project. The US Department of Energy Office of Science has formally approved the start of this project with the issuance of Critical Decision-0, Approve of Mission Need. The APS staff, in collaboration with our user community, is now in the process of developing a Conceptual Design Report that documents the proposed scope of the APS Upgrade Project. Components of the Upgrade plan will be presented as well as science highlights from the past year.
An Online Approach to Teaching International Outsourcing in Technical Communication Classes

The growth of international online access has given rise to a new production method - international outsourcing - that has important implications for technical communication practices. Successful interactions within international outsourcing require individuals to understand how cultural factors could affect online interactions. Today's technical communication students therefore need to understand how factors of culture and media could affect the success with which they operate in international outsourcing activities. This article provides technical communication instructors with a series of Web-based exercises they can use to familiarize students with different aspects that can affect intercultural online interactions. It also provides a series of online resources students can use to enhance their understanding of cross-cultural communication in cyberspace.
Using DNA barcoding to assess Caribbean reef fish biodiversity: expanding taxonomic and geographic coverage.

This paper represents a DNA barcode data release for 3,400 specimens representing 521 species of fishes from 6 areas across the Caribbean and western central Atlantic regions (FAO Region 31). Merged with our prior published data, the combined efforts result in 3,964 specimens representing 572 species of marine fishes and constitute one of the most comprehensive DNA barcoding “coverages” for a region reported to date. The barcode data are providing new insights into Caribbean shorefish diversity, allowing for more and more accurate DNA-based identifications of larvae, juveniles, and unknown specimens. Examples are given correcting previous work that was erroneous due to database incompleteness.
Linear and non-linear optical and spectroscopic properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films

Abstract Optical and spectroscopic properties of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers and multilayers are being measured to characterize the films, to understand their two-dimensional behavior and to follow chemical and physical changes. Orientation of groups and molecular packing have been analyzed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy at glancing angle, from waveguide Raman scattering and from near- edge X-ray fine structure. Use in electronic and optical devices has excited many, especially with non-linear phenomena needed to control or modify light optically for communication and storage. Recent optical results on thin monolayer and multilayer assemblies will be reviewed, including both the linear and non-linear aspects. Effects and phenomena will be illustrated with examples to give an appreciation for their use and to display some of our new knowledge about LB films.
Design and fabrication of micromachined electron guns (MEGs) using a multiple-level planar tungsten process

We report on the fabrication and design of micro-machined electron guns (MEGs). The fabrication relies entirely on standard integrated circuit technology and allows the fabrication of large MEG arrays. Silicon field emitters are formed by thermal oxidation and the self- aligned submicron aperture gate electrode is fabricated using selective chemical vapor deposition of tungsten. Additional levels of tungsten electrodes are integrated using the selective tungsten multiple-level planar process. We present a brief review of the fabrication sequence, discuss the electro-mechanical and electron-optical design issues and present specific designs.
W.E.B. Du Bois's Evolving Africana Philosophy Of Education

The aim of this article is to analyze W.E.B. Du Bois's educational thought for its key contributions to contemporary Africana philosophy of education. To succinctly explore Du Bois's philosophy of ...
An accelerometry-based system for the assessment of balance and postural sway.

The aim of this investigation was to develop an inexpensive, efficient system for the clinical assessment of static and dynamic balance and postural sway using accelerometry-based measurements. Subjec
Metabolic syndrome unravelling or unravelled

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a composite of risk factors for cardiovascular disease including dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and usually associated with obesity. Initially MS was considered a condition of adults but is now recognised as having a prevalence of approximately 3.3% in children. The clinical relevance of MS in children is currently unknown but the morbidity associated with childhood obesity is well-recognised. This review describes the epidemiology of childhood MS, the underlying risk factors, possible developmental mechanisms and gives an overview of the current management of obesity in children.
Vortex generation through balanced adjustment

Abstract The problem of geostrophic adjustment, originally considered by C.G. Rossby, is solved in an axisymmetric geometry for a continuously stratified fluid, where the adjusted final state is in hydrostatic, gradient-wind balance. This problem is relevant to the generation of submesoscale coherent vortices in the ocean: diapycnal mixing events can create a local anomaly of less strongly stratified fluid, which then develops a balancing circulation through adjustment. An analytical solution is obtained for a few uniform-density layers, and this is compared with numerical solutions for continuous stratification. In both representations, two-dimensional solutions are compared with axisymmetric ones.
Reducing NOx Emissions from a Biodiesel-Fueled Engine by Use of Low-Temperature Combustion

Biodiesel is popularly discussed in many countries due to increased environmental awareness and the limited supply of petroleum. One of the main factors impacting general replacement of diesel by biodiesel is NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions. Previous studies have shown higher NOx emissions relative to petroleum diesel in traditional direct-injection (DI) diesel engines. In this study, effects of injection timing and different biodiesel blends are studied for low load [2 bar IMEP (indicated mean effective pressure)] conditions. The results show that maximum heat release rate can be reduced by retarding fuel injection. Ignition and peak heat release rate are both delayed for fuels containing more biodiesel. Retarding the injection to post-TDC (top dead center) lowers the peak heat release and flattens the heat release curve. It is observed that low-temperature combustion effectively reduces NOx emissions because less thermal NOx is formed. Although biodiesel combustion produces more NOx for both conventional and late-injection strategies, with the latter leading to a low-temperature combustion mode, the levels of NOx of B20 (20 vol % soy biodiesel and 80 vol % European low-sulfur diesel), B50, and B100 all with post-TDC injection are 68.1%, 66.7%, and 64.4%, respectively, lower than pure European low-sulfur diesel in the conventional injection scenario.
Ultradifferentiable functions on smooth plane curves

Abstract The regularity, in the sense of ultradifferentiability, of real functions of two variables is determined in terms of the regularity of their restrictions to a given family of smooth plane curves. The special case of line segments reduces to the main result in [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 127 (1999) 2099–2104]. As a consequence, the Bochnak–Siciak theorem on real analyticity is obtained. A formal analog of one of the results provides a generalization of the two-variable case of the Abhyankar and Moh [J. Reine Angew. Math. 241 (1970) 27–33] theorem.
Quasi-model-independent analysis of the Kamiokande-II neutrino events from SN 1987A.

An analysis of the differences in arrival times of the neutrino events observed with Kamiokande II strongly implies that the latest three events were kinematically quite different from the other events, and should not be included for the purpose of extracting bounds on {ital m}{sub {nu}{sub {ital e}}}c{sup 2}. A maximum-likelihood analysis of the first eight events yields the following constraints: {ital m}{sub {nu}{sub {ital e}}}c{sup 2}{lt}9 eV (68% C.L.), {lt}14 eV (95% C.L.), and {lt}17 eV (99.7% C.L.). These bounds are kinematical and depend only on very general assumptions concerning the collapse and cooling processes.
Charge conservation in electromagnetic PIC codes; spectral comparison of Boris/DADI and Langdon-Marder methods

Abstract Non-charge conserving current collection algorithms for electromagnetic PIC plasma simulations may cause errors in Gauss's law. These errors arise from violations of the charge continuity equation, ∇ · J = −ϵπ/ϵt, which is turn cause errors in the irrotational part of E. Two techniques for reducing these errors are examined and compared: a modified Marder correction which corrects electric fields locally and primarily affects short wavelengths, and a Boris divergence correction, which solves Poisson's equation to correct the electric fields so that Gauss's law is enforced globally. The effect of each method on the spectrum of the error is examined. Computational efficiency and accuracy of the two techniques are compared: neither method is clearly superior. Cases examined include corrections in electromagnetic relativistic beam simulations, and a hot thermal plasma. In addition, the spectral comparison provides insight into the behavior of the schemes applied.
Cardiomegaly produced by chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation in the rat: comparison with alpha-adrenergic effects.

Abstract Chronic administration of d, l isoproterenol, 0.2 – 5 mg/kg/day, for 14–21 days in the male rat produced marked increases in dry ventricle weight (21.1 – 43.6%; p β 1 -adrenergic antagonist practolol (5 mg/kg/day). Albuterol, a relatively specific β 2 -adrenergic agonist was less potent than isoproterenol in producing cardiac hypertrophy. l-Epinephrine injection, 0.8 mg/kg/day for 14 days, had no effect on heart weight. However, l-epinephrine produced cardiac hypertrophy (22.4% p β 1 -adrenergic receptors of the heart; apparently, stimulation of α-adrenergic receptors opposes β-adrenergic hypertrophic effects.
Trophic effect of the sympathetic nervous system on vascular smooth muscle

While the vasomotor effect of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on the arterial wall is well recognized, its trophic function is not. It is the aim of these studies to demonstrate this all-important function as it relates to the vascular muscle. Although the exact mechanism by which sympathetic nerve impulses influence the metabolism of the vessel wall is unknown, effects of sympathectomy can be demonstrated. Several lines of evidence indicate that chronic absence of sympathetic innervation in rabbits increases collagen synthesis and decreases activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in the vascular wall. When chemically sympathectomized rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol dietary supplement for 80 days, the aortas of these rabbits contained significantly more cholesterol and total lipids than those from fully innervated controls in spite of insignificant differences in plasma lipids. In a subsequent series of experiments we analyzed the efficacy of the SNS in two strains of pigeons. White Carneau (WC) pigeons are known by the susceptibility to atherosclerosis of the aorta while Show Racer (SR) pigeons are not. Our results demonstrate that the abdominal aorta of WC pigeons has less sympathetic innervation and it declines faster with age than that of SR pigeons. The results of the described studies documenting the direct trophic influence of the SNS on the arterial wall are reinforced by the similarity to the vessel wall changes induced by partial sympathectomy and natural ageing.
A New Security Sensitivity Measurement for Software Variables

As software security becomes increasingly crucial in modern software system, security-oriented software development will become a vital component towards a secure system. Therefore, how to effectively analyze and measure the software security vulnerability during the software development process emerges as an essential problem. In this paper, we propose a new security sensitivity metric for software variables. Unlike the conventional black-box-based approaches, our metric targets at a fine granularity - the variable level. Model checking is applied to check whether any security property is violated when a program variable is influenced by the attack impacts. The security vulnerability of the variable is then calculated as its overall capability of maintaining security properties under malicious external attacks. A case study on stack-based buffer overflow property shows the effectiveness of our measurement in identifying and evaluating the security criticality of different variables in the software.
A case of generalized bromhidrosis following whole-body depilatory laser

Background: Laser treatment is a widespread method for hair removal. Despite its very common use, side effects remain relatively rare and transient. Objective: Axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis have already been reported in the literature after depilatory lasers. We report here a novel side effect of total body bromhidrosis following hair removal laser. Results: A 27-year-old man, phototype 3 underwent four sessions of total body depilatory laser, combining pulsed alexandrite and pulsed diode lasers. A few days afterwards, a generalized foul odor was noted and was resistant to regular deodorants and Aluminum chloride based antiperspirants. Possible mechanisms include the activation of dormant bacteria in the skin flora, sweat gland dysfunction, altered skin flora, sweat gland hormone receptor disturbances, and genetic factors. Conclusion: Total body bromhidrosis and hyperhidrosis are potential complications of total body laser hair removal.
Site-Specific Stabilization of DNA by a Tethered Major Groove Amine, 7-Aminomethyl-7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine

A cationic 7-aminomethyl-7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine (7amG) was incorporated site-specifically into the self-complementary duplex d(G1A2G3A4X5C6G7C8T9C10T11C12)2 (X = 7amG). This construct placed two positively charged amines adjacent to the major groove edges of two symmetry-related guanines, providing a model for probing how cation binding in the major groove modulates the structure and stability of DNA. Molecular dynamics calculations restrained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data revealed that the tethered cationic amines were in plane with the modified base pairs. The tethered amines did not form salt bridges to the phosphodiester backbone. There was also no indication of the amines being capable of hydrogen bonding to flanking DNA bases. NMR spectroscopy as a function of temperature revealed that the X5 imino resonance remained sharp at 55 °C. Additionally, two 5′-neighboring base pairs, A4:T9 and G3:C10, were stabilized with respect to the exchange of their imino protons with solvent. The equili...
150th anniversary of veterinary education and the veterinary profession in North America.

ABSTRACT This article is the first in a series of three to be published in the Journal of Veterinary Medical Education (JVME). These articles are abridged versions of six lectures that make up an elective course on the history of the veterinary profession in North America offered at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine in spring 2010. The course was based in large part on an oral history collection titled “An Enduring Veterinary Legacy”1 that captures interesting and relevant veterinary stories. The course was designed to increase awareness of the history of veterinary medicine as we approach the sesquicentennial of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) in 2013 and as we join with our international colleagues in marking the 250th anniversary of the establishment of the world's first veterinary college in Lyon, France, in 2011.2 The overarching goal of this course and the articles is to record and also to share first-person stories that describe the development of veterinary edu...
REDEX CAPTURING IN TERM GRAPH REWRITING

Term graphs are a natural generalization of terms in which structure sharing is allowed. Structure sharing makes term graph rewriting a time- and space-efficient method for implementing term rewrite systems. Certain structure sharing schemes can lead to a situation in which a term graph component is rewritten to another component that contains the original. This phenomenon, called redex capturing, introduces cycles into the term graph which is being rewritten—even when the graph and the rule themselves do not contain cycles. In some applications, redex capturing is undesirable, such as in contexts where garbage collectors require that graphs be acyclic. In other applications, for example in the use of the fixed-point combinator Y, redex capturing acts as a rewriting optimization. We show, using results about infinite rewritings of trees, that term graph rewriting with arbitrary structure sharing (including redex capturing) is sound for left-linear term rewrite systems.
A simple and accurate method for computing stress intensity factors of collinear interacting cracks

The multi-site damage problem of aging aircraft has raised the issue of obtaining accurate stress intensity factors of interacting collinear cracks under external load. The simple approximate technique proposed by Kachanov (1987) [8] is specialized in this work to arbitrary length collinear cracks with arbitrary spacing under far field tension. This approach yields simple formulas that can be used to quickly and accurately assess the mode I stress intensity factors of any number of collinear cracks in an infinite body under far field tension considering interactions between all cracks. The advantage of this approach over others is that it is simple, has good accuracy, and is very efficient. Kachanov's method is further enhanced here such that a repeating subpanel of cracks of arbitrary number, size, and spacing can be modeled implicitly with resulting efficiency gains. The effect of interaction cracks can be used to build up stress intensity factor solutions for more complex geometries. Several numerical examples and timing studies are used to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach.
Voltammetry at the lead dioxide electrode: Anodic EDTA currents

Summary In the presence of 10 −5 M or larger concentrations of EDTA in acetate buffer, a lead dioxide electrode exhibits relatively high anodic currents at positive potentials. The mechanism for this electrode reaction was investigated. The results of experiments including manual current-voltage plots, u.v. absorption, coulometry, chronopotentiometry, and linear sweep voltammetry are presented. A mechanism is suggested which involves oxidation of non-stoichiometric (defect) lead species in the electrode lattice by electroinductive coordination effects of EDTA and a catalytic electrode reaction mechanism.
Current immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis

Summary The underlying pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis is presumed to be autoimmune in nature. Attempts to find an eAective treatment for this common disease of the central nervous system have primarily focused on immune-mediated therapies, both immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory. The wide variety of immunological abnormalities detected in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, has prompted the testing of a diverse array of drugs to be used for treatment. Recent successes in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with interferon b and glatiramer acetate have renewed interest in and raised expectations for the eAective control of this neurological disorder. Improved methodology in clinical trials, the development of surrogate markers and the availability of novel therapies bode well for more rapid advances.
Spectral decomposition of geopotential, earth and ocean tidal perturbations in linear satellite theory

The spectra of geopotential, Earth and ocean tidal perturbations on a satellite can be obtained using Kaula's linear theory, or an extension thereof, as summations of terms depending on four indices l, m, p, q. In this work algorithms are presented that generate the equivalence classes induced by the composition rule of frequency on the set of all (l, m, p, q) combinations up to a maximum degree L and maximum value Q of the last index. These algorithms eliminate the need to search the set of frequencies when the linear theory is programmed on a computer.
A detailed characterization of loud noise stress: Intensity analysis of hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis and brain activation

The present studies were undertaken to help determine the putative neural circuits mediating activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the release of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone in response to the perceived threat of loud noise. This experiment involved placing rats in acoustic chambers overnight to avoid any handling and context changes prior to noise exposure, which was done for 30 min (between 9:00 and 10:00 am) at intensities of 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, and 110 dBA in different groups (n = 8), and included a background condition (60 dBA ambient noise). This manipulation produced a noise-intensity-related increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels, with levels beginning to rise at approximately 85 dBA. c-fos mRNA induction was very low in the brains of the control and 80 dBA groups, but several brain regions displayed a noise-intensity-related induction. Of these, several forebrain regions displayed c-fos mRNA induction highly correlated (r > 0.70) with that observed in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and plasma ACTH levels. These regions included the ventrolateral septum, the anteroventral subiculum, several preoptic nuclei, the anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, and the medial subdivision of the medial geniculate body. Together with prior findings with audiogenic stress, the present results suggest that either or both the anterior BNST or the lateral septum is ideally situated to trigger HPA axis activation by stimuli that are potentially threatening.
Wave mechanics and muscular contraction

Results are presented from calculations of the quantum mechanical forces necessary to develop tension and produce contractions by muscles. It is concluded that the quantum mechanical forces involved in confining an electron, or hole, to a volume corresponding to a molecular weight of 36,000 are able to account for the tension developed by muscle. (C.H.)
Effect of the Madelung potential on surface core-level shifts in GaAs

Abstract It is shown that the difference between the Madelung potentials at the (110) surface and in the bulk of GaAs is the major factor determining the core level shifts which have recently been observed and that site charge differences between surface and bulk, if significant, are such that Ga and As are less ionic at the surface than in the interior. These considerations have general relevance.
Loss of proteoglycans during decalcification of fresh metaphyses with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA).

Recent immunofluorescent and histochemical data [1] did not detect changes in the concentration of proteoglycans between noncalcified and calcified cartilage in fetal bovine growth plate or metaphyseal bone. These fidings were constant, regardless of prior fixation before demineralization with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or prior demineralization before fixation. Previous experience has shown that EDTA can extract proteoglycans from calcified cartilage. With this in mind, we determined the amount of proteoglycan extracted from calcified cartilage in metaphyseal bone and uncalcified growth plate cartilages during decalcification of unfixed fresh tissues with EDTA. To this end, fresh growth plate cartilages and metaphyses were decalcified at 5°C for 48 hours in a buffered solution of EDTA to which several protease inhibitors were added. Under these conditions 20–25% of the total proteoglycan (measured as uronic acid and hexosamine) was extracted from mineralized cartilage but only about 1% from the uncalcified (growth plate) cartilages. Thus, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies appear to be insensitive measures of proteoglycan concentrations in histological sections of mineralized tissue and may not give quantitative information.
Structural dynamics of the mitochondrial compartment

The metabolic activities of mitochondria have been extensively characterized. However, there is much less known about the morphogenic changes of the mitochondrial compartment during growth, development and aging of the cell and the consequences of those structural changes on cellular metabolism. There is a growing body of evidence for interactions of mitochondria with cytoskeletal components and changes of mitochondrial structure during development and in response to changing environmental conditions. Segregation and recombination of mitochondrial genomes are also processes dependent upon the dynamic nature of the mitochondrial compartment. These regulatory and structural aspects of mitochondrial compartment dynamics will play an important role in the analysis of mitochondrial function and pathology.
Teaching the History of Interpretation.

Unlike rhetoric and theatre, interpretation has settled for a history so limited and dull that it is hardly worth teaching. By including “the oral tradition” of literature, however, we can explore a broader and more interesting history of interpretation, one ranging from ancient India and China to Europe, Africa, and the Indian Americas and on to modern folklore, poetry experiments, and readers theatre.
Development of a 1K × 1K, 8-12 μm QWIP array

Abstract In the on-going evolution of GaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) we have developed a 1,024 × 1,024 (1K × 1K), 8–12 μm infrared focal plane array (FPA). This 1 megapixel detector array is a hybrid using an L3/Cincinnati Electronics silicon readout integrated circuit (ROIC) bump bonded to a GaAs QWIP array fabricated jointly by engineers at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Army Research Laboratory (ARL). We have integrated the 1K × 1K array into an SE-IR based imaging camera system and performed tests over the 50–80 K temperature range achieving BLIP performance at an operating temperature of 57 K. The GaAs array is relatively easy to fabricate once the superlattice structure of the quantum wells has been defined and grown. The overall arrays costs are currently dominated by the costs associated with the silicon readout since the GaAs array fabrication is based on high yield, well-established GaAs processing capabilities. One of the advantages of GaAs QWIP technology is the ability to fabricate arrays in a fashion similar to and compatible with silicon IC technology. The designer’s ability to easily select the spectral response of the material from 3 μm to beyond 15 μm is the result of the success of band-gap engineering and the Army Research Lab is a leader in this area. In this paper we will present the first results of our 1K × 1K QWIP array development including fabrication methodology, test data and imaging capabilities.
Heats of formation of solid AuCu alloys

Abstract Heats of formation have been measured by liquid tin solution calorimetry for a complete series of AuCu alloys in equilibrium states at 720°K and for the same alloys at 320°K after rapid quenching from 873°K. The asymmetry in the heat of formation curve at 720°K is in accord with observations on the variation of short range order with composition. The considerably more exothermic heats of formation found for the quenched alloys are ascribed to an increase in the degree of short range order during quenching, which is consistent with the results of both X-ray and kinetic studies. Heats of formation of fully ordered AuCu and AuCu3 alloys have also been measured from which their configurational energies with respect to the “disordered” alloys at 720°K have been obtained.
New Light on Changing American Values: A Forgotten Body of Survey Data

The hypothesis that Americans have come to value personal achievement less in the past half century has been supported by impressionistic arguments anld by indirect measures of v alue change such as Lowenthal's content analysis of trends over the years in heroes of magazine biography. Loweenthal's findings are juxtaposed with a forgotten body of historical survey data on children's choices of exemplars since the turil of the century. The survey data sut-gest that indirect indices such as magazine biographies are not adequate nmeasures of values. In general, the value chanlge hypothesis is not supported. T ~5 he values held by Americans are comlmiolnly believed to have undergone a radical chanlge since the turn of the century. Americans, it is said, have come increasingly to prize leisure over work, accommodation to theier fellows over individual achievemiient, in general, passivity over activity. The best known statement of the many variations on this themlle is probably that of David Riesmani and his associates. Riesman's thesis was presented in terms of changes in social structure and "social character"'; clhanges from an "age of production" to an "age of consumption," which he believed had been accompanied by a shift from "inner-" to "otherdirection" in the sources of Americans' "modes of conformity."' William Whyte's well-publicized comments on "The Declining Protestant Ethic" parallel Rieslian's assertions at many
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with Methane over CoZSM-5 and HZSM-5 Zeolites: On the Role of Free Radicals and Competitive Oxidation Reactions

Abstract The reactions of CH4with NO, NO2, and O2, and with the mixtures of NOx + O2, were studied over CoZSM-5 and HZSM-5 zeolites. Based on the comparison of the “light-off” temperatures as well as the activation energies of these reactions, a conclusion is drawn that over both catalysts at temperatures below 500°C NO reduction into N2and CH4oxidation into COxare coupled and initiated by the reaction of CH4with NO2. The results demonstrate that this reaction may be considered as a limiting reaction step of NO2reduction into N2, and of the SCR reaction for the mixture of CH4 + NO + O2when O2is present in large amounts. With the latter mixture when O2concentration is relatively low (up to about 1.5%) another reaction step, namely, the catalytic oxidation of NO by O2into NO2appears to control the rate of the SCR process. Thus, an important role of O2is to convert NO into NO2. At low temperatures (below 400°C) O2does not compete with NOxfor CH4, but even at these temperatures O2participates in oxidation of the intermediate reaction species decreasing in this way the selectivity of the SCR process. At higher temperatures (above 450°C) a strong competition between O2and NOxfor CH4is observed and this results in a further decrease in the process selectivity. It is shown that the higher SCR selectivity of HZSM-5 catalyst in comparison with CoZSM-5 is due to the stronger competition between O2and NO2for CH4over the latter catalyst. The effects of space velocity and reactor size were briefly explored. These results show that the reaction pathways are the same for both catalysts studied in this work. Based on these, and literature results, the formation of CH3·free radical is postulated and possible reactions of this radical with NOxand O2, that form the pathways of the SCR process, are considered. Finally, the possible role of gas phase reactions in the SCR process is discussed.