cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The attraction paradigm in dyadic exchange

Although the marketing literature alludes to the influence of interpersonal attraction in dyadic exchange, the composition of attraction, as well as its relationship to other elements in the exchange process, has not been given adequate attention. Since substantial empirical evidence supports the impact of attraction on a variety of human responses, this article examines how attraction impacts on marketing dyads and presents a model of interpersonal attraction as a framework for empirical testing. The implications of the model are discussed, and suggestions for further research are given.
Thermal aspects of machining: A BEM approach

Abstract Elevated temperatures generated in machining operations significantly influence the chip formation mechanics, the process efficiency and the surface quality of the machined part. A BEM approach is used here to analyse the thermal aspects of machining processes. Particular attention is given to modeling of the tool-chip, chip-workpiece, and tool-workpiece interfaces. An exact expression for matching the boundary conditions across these interfaces is developed to avoid any iterations. A direct differentiation approach (DDA) is used to determine the sensitivities of temperature and flux distributions with respect to various design parameters. The numerical results obtained by the BEM are first verified against existing analytical and FEM results.s The temperature and flux fields for various machining conditions, along with their sensitivities, are presented next. The situations of progressive flank and crater wear of the tool with continued machining are also considered, and their effects on thermal fields are investigated. The BEM is found to be very robust and efficient for this class of steady-state conduction-convection problems. The application of DDA with BEM allows efficient determination of design sensitivities and avoids strongly singular kernels. This approach also provides a new avenue toward efficient optimization of the thermal aspects of machining processes.
Pathways to Aggression and Violence Among African American Adolescent Males: The Influence of Normative Beliefs, Neighborhood, and Depressive Symptomatology

Youth violence continues to present a serious public health challenge in the United States, particularly so for African American adolescent males. The present study utilized a multilevel approach to predict aggression within a community sample of low-income, urban African American adolescent males (n = 80). Participants' self-report data on normative beliefs about aggression, exposure to community violence, and depressive symptoms were used in multiple regression equations to predict (a) self-reported interpersonal aggression and (b) self-reported aggressive response style when angered. Results of this study indicate that all three of the independent variables contributed significantly to the prediction of interpersonal aggression and aggressive response style when angered. The findings are important for increasing our understanding of pathways to various types of youth aggression and guiding the development of evidence-based approaches to violence prevention among African American adolescent males.
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite: Micelle Templated Synthesis and Characterization

Nanocrystalline calcium phosphate based inorganic, hydroxyapatite (HAp), was synthesized using the dodecyl phosphate micelle system. The surfactant concentration during synthesis played an important role on the final properties of these HAp nanoparticles. A surfactant concentration close to the critical micelle concentration produced the nanoparticles with the highest surface area, with porous less agglomerated morphology. Compacts made of these nanopowders showed between 97 and 98% theoretical density of phase-pure HAp and promoted cell-material interaction when cytotoxicity tests were performed.
Early developmental lead exposure increases sensitivity to cocaine in a self-administration paradigm

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if lead exposure during pregnancy and nursing alters cocaine sensitivity later in the adult cycle, although lead exposure had been discontinued following early development. Female rats were exposed via gavage to 0 or 16 mg/kg lead daily for 30 days prior to breeding with nonexposed males. The respective daily exposure regimens continued throughout gestation and lactation (perinatal lead exposure). Lead exposure was discontinued on the day of weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21). Beginning on PND 70, male offspring were trained to self-administer cocaine HCl intravenously. Examination of a range of cocaine doses (0.030, 0.060, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.500 mg/kg/infusion) revealed that, as adults, animals exposed to lead during early development self-administered cocaine at significantly greater rates at a low dose of the drug. In addition, self-administration rates were lower among lead-exposed animals at higher doses of cocaine. These findings were observed in metal-exposed animals where blood and brain tissue levels had returned to the levels of controls. Collectively, these data suggest that early developmental lead exposure may increase sensitivity to cocaine later in the life cycle.
Fluid flow during deep crustal metamorphism, an introduction to new data from the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt

Abstract New data on fluid flow through the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt are in the papers for this volume by Baker et al., Hoerns and Van Reenen, Vennemann and Smith and Van Schalkwyk et al. These data appear to support an hypothesis that a small amount of CO 2 -rich fluid entered the Southern Marginal Zone at high (but subsolidus) temperatures and participated in retrograde reactions. However, there remain unexplained inconsistencies between conclusions based on the petrologic results and those based on the stable isotopic results. The new data are here reviewed and are considered in the context of contemporary discussions on the origins and roles of fluids in high-grade metamorphism.
Estrogenic feminization of the LH response to orchidectomy: association with prolonged nuclear estradiol receptor retention and induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors in brain and pituitary.

Abstract A sex difference in the LH rise after gonadectomy is clearly observable in the rat. While male rats respond with an early (10–12 h) increase in LH after orchidectomy, a delayed response (2–3 days) is recorded after ovariectomy. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the delayed response to gonadectomy in the E2-treated males is due to a more prolonged retention of E2 (when compared with the corresponding male feedback signal, testosterone) within specific central nuclear receptor sites. Orchidectomized (ORDX) animals implanted with either empty or E2-filled Silastic capsules were sacrificed at 0, 24. 48 and 72 h after ORDX or E2-capsule removal. LH levels in ORDX rats rose several-fold by 24 h, whereas E2treated, ORDX rats. showed no changes in peripheral LH levels until 72 h after E2-capsule removal. At the time of E2-capsule removal (0 h) large increases in nuclear estradiol receptor (NER) levels were seen in anterior pituitary, preoptic area, and hypothalamus (HYP). Twenty-four hours after E2-capsule removal. NER levels were still high in the 3 areas, and by 48 h NER values had returned to control (ORDX) levels, with the exception of HYP where they were slightly but significantly elevated. The increase in NER, as well as the subsequent decline after E2-capsule removal was paralleled by similar changes in cytosolic progestin receptor (CPR) levels in all three regions. Cytosolic testosterone levels were not changed by the E2-treatment. The results indicate that the feminized response to orchidectomy observed in E2-implanted males is related to a prolonged retention of the E2-receptor in nuclear sites. Further, they indicate that E2-treatment in males, as is the case in females, can induce a marked increase in progestin receptor levels within specific brain regions as well as in the pituitary. The reduction in NER and CPR levels to castrate values precedes the first detectable increase in peripheral LH levels. In conclusion, the pattern of LH rise after gonadectomy in the rat is dependent upon the steroidal milieu at the time of removal of the gonads.
Quantum measurement and feedback control

In this paper, an overview of research in quantum control is presented. Examples of work in the first theme include numerous applications of semi-definite programming and relaxation methods in quantum information theory. Examples of the second include applications of feedback control in the development of new receiver designs for quantum-optical telecom. The third theme is just beginning to emerge as an active research area, linking fundamental issues in quantum field theory with new challenges for applied and computational mathematics in non-commutative stochastic analysis and optimization.
Differences in the rates of protein degradation in untransformed and transformed cell lines

Abstract The rate of protein degradation in 3T3, 3T3/41, SV40 virus-transformed 3T3, BHK21, Rous sarcoma virus-transformed BHK21 and MRC-5 cells was assayed in monolayer and suspension culture by pre-labeling the cells with radioactive leucine and measuring the loss of radioactivity from the cells. The rate of protein degradation of 3T3 and MRC-5 cells in suspension culture, under which condition they do not grow, was greater than that of other cell lines which are capable of growing in suspension. In all cell lines it was greater in suspension culture than in monolayer culture. There was an inverse correlation between the rate of protein degradation and the growth rate of the cells. The addition of insulin to 3T3 cells in suspension culture causes the reduction of the rate of protein degradation, increase of cellular protein and stimulation of DNA synthesis.
Characteristics and related factors of nonfatal injuries among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen city of China

Background Injuries impact adolescents and young adults in unique ways. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of nonfatal injuries, and identify characteristics and risk factors for the injuries among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen, China.
Zirconia Phase Transformation, Metal Transfer, and Surface Roughness in Retrieved Ceramic Composite Femoral Heads in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Ceramic femoral heads have had promising results as a bearing surface in total hip arthroplasty. Our objective was to evaluate a series of retrieved alumina-zirconia composite ceramic femoral heads for evidence of the tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia phase transformation, metal transfer and articular surface roughness. Raman spectra showed evidence of the zirconia phase transformation in all retrieved specimens, with distinct monoclinic peaks at 183, 335, 383, and 479 cm(-1). All components displayed metal transfer. An increase in the zirconia phase transformation was seen with increasing time in vivo. No correlation between extent of zirconia phase transformation and the surface roughness was found. These short-term results suggest that the use of an alumina-zirconia composite ceramic is a viable option for femoral heads in THA.
Elevated Pontine and Putamenal GABA Levels in Mild-Moderate Parkinson Disease Detected by 7 Tesla Proton MRS

Background Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. However, postmortem evidence indicates that the pathology of lower brainstem regions, such as the pons and medulla, precedes nigral involvement. Consistently, pontomedullary damage was implicated by structural and PET imaging in early PD. Neurochemical correlates of this early pathological involvement in PD are unknown.
Effect of Corn Contaminated With Velvetweed Seeds on Eggs

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine whether corn contaminated with velvetweed seeds and fed to hens was the reason for the formation of eggs with pasty and rubbery yolks observed on a commercial poultry farm in New York State. The eggs from hens fed 20% contaminated corn screenings with velvetweed seed (3% velvetweed seeds in the finished feed) appear3ed normal when broken fresh. However, egg yolks became pasty and rubbery within 24 hours of cold storage; this result occurred within one week of when the hens were fed the contaminated feed. The viscosity of yolks appeared to increase when the period of cold storage was increased. It took approximately one week after removing contaminated corn screenings from the diet for the egg yolks to return to their normal structure. The information obtained indicated that the presence of cyclopropenoid fatty acids (sterculic and malvelic acids) in the velvetweed seeds was the reason for the formation of eggs with an abnormal yolk structure and the discoloration of yolks and albumen.
Distress, delay of gratification and preference for palliative care in men with prostate cancer

Background Patient-centered cancer care standards include routine psychosocial distress screening and referral for supportive care services. Although many cancer patients report psychosocial distress that could be alleviated by supportive services including palliative care, patients often decline such services for reasons that are poorly understood. Research on decision-making suggests that during periods of acute distress, individuals have more difficulty prioritizing long-term over immediate gains. Thus, distressed cancer patients may prioritize immediate gains (e.g., avoidance of palliative care discussions in the moment) over longer-term gains (e.g., improved quality of life in the future). Method This study investigated the associations between psychosocial distress, difficulties with delay of gratification (tendency to prioritize short-term over longer-term gains), and preference for palliative care in a sample of 212 men with a history of prostate cancer (94% white men and 27% advanced stage, age M = 62, SD = 8). It was hypothesized that psychosocial distress would be associated with lower preferences for palliative care, and this association would be explained, in part, by difficulty delaying gratification. Self-report measures included the depression anxiety stress scales, delay of gratification inventory, and ratings on an item assessing preferences for palliative care. Results Consistent with the hypothesis, mediation models confirmed that the association of psychosocial distress with lower preference for palliative care was mediated by delay of gratification. Conclusions Findings suggest that distressed prostate cancer patients may benefit from additional support managing the emotional aspects of medical decisions and weighing immediate versus delayed outcomes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of intestinal organoids as tissue surrogates: cell composition and the epigenetic control of differentiation

Intestinal organoids are multicellular crypt-like structures that can be derived from adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs). Here we show that intestinal organoids generated from mouse ESCs were enriched in ISCs and early progenitors. Treatment of these organoids with a γ-secretase inhibitor increased Math1 and decreased Hes1 expression, indicating Notch signaling regulates ISC differentiation in these organoids. Lgr5 and Tert positive ISCs constituted approximately 10% and 20% of the organoids. As found in native tissue, Lgr5 and Tert expressing cells resolved into two discreet populations, which were stable over time. Intestinal organoids derived from cancer-prone Apc(Min/+) mice showed similar numbers of ISCs, but had reduced Math1 expression, indicating a suppressed secretory cell differentiation potential (as found in intestinal tissue). Apc(Min/+) organoids were used to screen epigenetically active compounds for those that increased Math1 expression and organoid differentiation (including HDAC inhibitors, Sirtuin (SIRT) modulators and methyltransferase inhibitors). Broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors increased both Math1 and Muc2 expression, indicating an ability to promote the suppressed secretory cell differentiation pathway. Other epigenetic compounds had a diverse impact on cell differentiation, with a strong negative correlation between those that activated the secretory marker Muc2 and those that activated the absorptive cell marker Fabp2. These data show that ESC-derived intestinal organoids can be derived in large numbers, contain distinct ISC types and can be used to screen for agents that promote cell differentiation through different lineage pathways.
Membrane technology for purification of therapeutic proteins

Membrane systems are used throughout the downstream purification in the commercial production of high value therapeutic proteins. Over the last two decades, new membranes, modules, and systems have been developed specifically to meet the requirements of the biotechnology industry. These developments have been facilitated by an improved fundamental understanding of: (1) the effects of electrostatic interactions and concentration polarization on protein transmission during ultrafiltration and (2) the role of membrane morphology on protein fouling during both sterile and virus filtration. This perspective highlights some of the key work in this area and provides insights into possible future improvements in membrane technology for the purification of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
Cysteine-674 of the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Is Required for the Inhibition of Cell Migration by Nitric Oxide

Objectives— Nitric oxide inhibits smooth muscle cell migration after arterial injury, but the detailed mechanism is not fully understood. The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) lowers cell Ca2+ by increasing intracellular Ca2+ uptake and inhibiting extracellular Ca2+ influx. Our previous studies showed that NO causes cyclic GMP-independent arterial relaxation by increasing SERCA activity by inducing reversible S -glutathiolation at cysteine-674. Because Ca2+ is an important second messenger for cell migration, we hypothesized that NO also inhibits cell migration through redox regulation of SERCA activity via cysteine-674. Methods and Results— To test our hypothesis, overexpression of either wild type (WT) or mutant SERCA in which cysteine-674 was mutated to serine was accomplished by stable transfection of HEK 293 or adenoviral expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the cell models expressing mutant SERCA, biotinylated-iodoacetamide (BIAM) and biotinylated-glutathione labeling of SERCA was decreased, and NO failed to increase SERCA activity or decrease Ca2+ influx, thus validating that the expression of mutant SERCA prevents its redox-dependent activation. In the absence of NO, fetal bovine serum stimulated migration of both cell types expressing WT or C674S SERCA at similar rates. The NO donor S-nitrosopenicillamine inhibited migration of cells with WT SERCA, but had no effect on the migration of either HEK cells or VSMCs with C674S SERCA. The same result was obtained in VSMCs in which endogenous NO was produced by iNOS induced by interleukin (IL)-1β. Blocking cyclic GMP did not prevent the inhibition of migration by NO. Conclusions— In cells overexpressing SERCA, the cyclic GMP-independent, redox regulation of SERCA cysteine-674 is required for the inhibition of cell migration by both exogenous and endogenously generated NO.
When do we treat hypercholesterolemia

Although the relationships between elevated total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) are relatively well established and published treatment guidelines are available, clinicians face a number of complex issues when deciding whom to treat. Specific patient characteristics and potential risk factors, of which less is known, may influence treatment decisions. In this presentation, the current guidelines for treating patients with hypercholesterolemia are reviewed and therapeutic issues that must be considered when selecting patients for treatment are identified.
Perceived context of reception among recent Hispanic immigrants: conceptualization, instrument development, and preliminary validation.

Context of reception has been discussed widely in the sociological and anthropological literature, but no measures of this construct exist. We designed a measure of perceived context of reception and provide initial support for the factorial validity, internal consistency reliability, and incremental and discriminant validity of scores generated by this measure. A sample of 302 recent-immigrant Hispanic parent-adolescent dyads from Miami and Los Angeles completed the new perceived context of reception measure, as well as measures of perceived discrimination; Hispanic/American cultural practices, values, and identifications; and depressive symptoms. In Phase 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses extracted a factor for negative perceived context of reception. A subscale corresponding to this factor was used in Phase 2; for parents and adolescents, negative perceived context of reception and perceived discrimination were differentially associated with acculturation-related variables – suggesting discriminant validity between perceived discrimination and negative perceived context of reception. For adolescents at both sites and for parents in Los Angeles only, the negative perceived context of reception dimensions were significantly associated with depressive symptoms six months later, over and above the contribution made by perceived discrimination – suggesting incremental validity. Results are discussed in terms of perceived context of reception as a new and emerging construct.
A performance study of the high-speed, high-frequency acoustic uplink of the HERMES underwater acoustic modem

HERMES is an asymmetrical underwater acoustic modem operating in two separate frequency bands. The high data rate uplink operates between 262 kHz and 375 kHz. The downlink is designed for command-and-control and uses a lower frequency band (62–76 kHz) operated at the same source level but at a lower data rate. The acoustic uplink is capable of achieving data rates of 87768 bits-per-second (bps) in challenging environment such as ports, in the presence of heavy boat traffic. The experimental results acquired over the past year indicate that the high bit-rate uplink of HERMES can operate at this peak data rate at a range of 180 meters, a practical range for many port operations. A unique aspect of this acoustic communication system is the equalization technique, which combines multiple estimations of the underwater acoustic channels into a soft decision error correction process. This technique leads to a significant drop in the bit error rate at the sole expense of processing power.
3,4,3′,4′‐RACHLOROAZOBENZENE: ITS TRANS‐LOCATION AND METABOLISM IN RICE PLANTS

Summary. 3,4,3′,4′-Tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) and TCAB-14C were supplied to the roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in nutrient solution. An analysis of the shoots indicated that the TCAB was absorbed and translocated to the shoots. The translocated material was characterized by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Roots were exposed to saturation concentrations of TCAB-14C in liquid culture to determine the translocation and distribution of the compound. Only 5′6% of the total azobenzene present in the nutrient solution was absorbed by the intact rice plants and only 3′2% of the absorbed TCAB-14C was translocated to the shoots after 12 days of treatment. No TGAB was isolated from plants treated with propanil or 3,4-dichloroaniline after 14 days of treatment. Resume. Du riz (Oryza sativa L.) a ete cultive en solution nutritive a laquelle ont ete ajoutes du 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB) et du TCAB-14C. Une analyse des pousses indiqua que le TCAB avait ete absorbe et avait migre dans les pousses. Le compose transporte fut caracterise par chromatographie gaz–liquide et par spectrophotometrie de masse. Les racines furent soumises a des solutions saturees de TCAB-14C en culture sur milieu liquide pour preciser la migration et la distribution du compost. Une partie seulement (5,6%) de l'azobenzene total, present dans la solution nutritive, fut absorbee par les plantes intactes de riz et 3,2% seulement du TCAB-14C fut transporte dans les pousses, 12 jours apres le traitement. Le TCAB n'a pas ete decele dans les plantes traitees avec le propanil ou la 3,4-dichloroaniline, 14 jours apres le traitement. Zusammenfassung. In 3,4,37′,4′-Tetrachlorazobenzen-(TCAB) und TCAB-14Chaltige Nahrlosung wurde Reis (Oryza sativa L.) eingepflanzt. Die Analyse ergab, dass TCAB absorbiert und in die Sprosse translokiert wird. Das translokierte Material wurde mit Hilfe der Gaschromatographie und der Massenspektrographie nachgewiesen. Die Wurzein wurden zum Nachweis von Translokation und Verteilung dieser Verbindung in Wasserkulturen Sattigungskonzentrationen von TCAB-14C ausgesetzt. Nur 5,6% des insgesamt in der Nahrlosung vorhanden Azobenzens wurde durch die intakte Reispflanze absorbiert und nur 3,2% des absorbierten TCAB-14C waren im Verlauf von 12 Tagen nach der Behandlung in die Sprosse translokiert worden. Aus mit Propanil oder 3,4- Dichloranilin behandelten Pflanzen konnte 14 Tage nach der Behandlung kein TCAB isoliert werden.
Coalitional Games in Gaussian Interference Channels

The formation of coalitions in a Gaussian interference channel where the receivers are allowed to cooperate is studied under the framework of coalitional game theory. Allowing any arbitrary sharing of the total rate achieved by a coalition between its member links, it is shown that the grand coalition (coalition of all links) maximizes spectrum utilization and is also stable, that is, the links in this coalition have no incentives to leave and form other coalitions. The issue of fairness in allocating rates to members of a grand coalition is addressed via a Nash bargaining solution where each link utility is modeled as the rate gained by being in a coalition relative to the rate achieved in the interference channel. Further, a rate allocation solution using proportional fairness is also presented and the results are illustrated with examples.
Some results on the best of paired comparisons

This paper considers the distribution arising out of a sequence of Bernoelli trials that terminates at the mth succes or the mth failure, whichever occurs first. A limiting form of the distribution and the approximations to the distribution are discussed. Estimators for the parameter p of the distribution are obtained.
Autoimmune thyroiditis and ROS

Autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is characterized by infiltration of the thyroid gland by inflammatory cells and production of autoantibodies to thyroid-specific antigens thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase. It is accompanied by hypothyroidism due to destruction and eventual fibrous replacement of the follicle cells. Autoimmune thyroiditis is clearly multifactorial in etiology with genetic and environmental factors contributions. Excess dietary Iodine can exacerbate thyroiditis in genetically susceptible hosts such as the NOD.H2(h4) mouse. In this mouse excess dietary iodine leads to an increased immunogenicity of the thyroglobulin molecule and enhanced expression of ICAM-1 on thyroidal follicle cells. We present evidence here that ICAM-1 expression is enhanced by the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The anti-oxidant diphenyleneiodium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, reduced both the generation of ROS and of ICAM-1 expression in cultures of NOD.H2(h4) mouse thyrocytes. These results suggest that antioxidants may have therapeutic value in preventing autoimmune thyroiditis.
Oxidation-state and metal-ion dependent stereoisomerization in oxo molybdenum and tungsten complexes of a bulky alkoxy heteroscorpionate ligand.

Monooxo Mo(V) complexes of a N2O heteroscorpionate ligand designated (L10O) are found to exist as isolable cis and trans isomers. We have been able to trap the kinetically labile cis isomer and follow its isomerization to the thermodynamically more stable trans form. We have also followed the kinetics of isomerization between the cis and trans isomers of the corresponding dioxo Mo(VI) and W(VI) species. Here the trans is the labile isomer that spontaneously converts to the thermodynamically more stable cis. It is observed that at 60 °C in DMSO the Mo(VI) complex isomerizes approximately 6.5 times faster than the Mo(V) and nearly 5 times faster than the corresponding W(VI) analogs. The temperature dependence to the kinetics of the Mo(V) and Mo(VI) isomerizations give activation parameters that are similar for both oxidation states and consistent with those previously observed in [(L1O)MoOCl2] suggesting a similar twist mechanism is operating in all cases. Thus there are oxidation state, metal ion and donor atom dependent differences in isomeric stability that could have significant implications for understanding the mechanisms of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic oxo atom transfer reactions catalyzed by complexes of Mo, W and Re.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health Promotion Interventions for Children and Adolescents Using an Ecological Framework

Objective To evaluate and quantify the evidence for health promotion interventions in children and adolescents. Method 96 independent samples of smoking, physical activity, and diet studies were included. Outcomes included both objective and self-reports of health behavior, as well as proxy measures such as fitness. Results The aggregated effect was significant (g ¼ .20, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 0.08–0.32, n ¼ 96). A significant effect of intervention was observed at approximately 1-year follow-up (g ¼ .07, 95% CI ¼ 0.02–0.14, n ¼ 20). The greatest risk of bias was failure to blind outcome assessment, which occurred in 21% of studies. Most studies lacked sufficient detail to determine the quality of their randomization sequence (58%). Additional concerns about risk of bias for individual studies were minimal. Overall, the quality of this finding was moderate using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Conclusion Health promotion interventions are effective for modifying health behavior; however, effect sizes are small.
Malignant lymphoma of the palate: report of two cases.

There has been considerable controversy over the years regarding the distinctions between various disorders characterized clinically by necrotizing and granulomatous inflammation of the tissues of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. Three such disorders that have similar clinical, radiographic, and histologic features are malignant lymphoma of the palate, polymorphic reticulosis, and the so-called midline (nonhealing) “granuloma.” These destructive persistent midline lesions of the palate are thought by some to represent a spectrum of the same malignant process. The term midline (nonhealing) granuloma was introduced by Burston in 1957. * It was initally considered a clinical term, and it has been used to describe a wide spectrum of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. The term polymorphic reticulosis was introduced by Eichel and associates in 19662 to designate a lesion characterized histologically by pleomorphic lymphoreticular cell proliferation with a perivascular pattern of growth and the presence of atypical cells. The disease is also known as midline malignant reticulosis. The third recognizable lesion presenting as a locally persistent destructive midline lesion is malignant lymphoma of the palate. This condition is a histologically distinctive lymphoproliferative disorder. The affected mucosa is thickened and ulcerated. Granulation tissue and inflammation may overlie the neoplastic component, and deep biopsy is often necessary to reach the lesion. The cellular pattern of polymorphic reticulosis is similar, if not identical to that of malignant lymphoma of the palate. This paper describes the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of two cases of palatal lesions in which the diagnosis was difficult. Autopsy in the first case revealed lung metastases that proved to be lymphoma. Lymphoma had been
Equine allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells elicit antibody responses in vivo

This study tested the hypothesis that Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) incompatible equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) would induce cytotoxic antibodies to donor MHC antigens in recipient horses after intradermal injection. No studies to date have explored recipient antibody responses to allogeneic donor MSC transplantation in the horse. This information is critical because the horse is a valuable species for assessing the safety and efficacy of MSC treatment prior to human clinical application. Six MHC heterozygote horses were identified as non-ELA-A2 haplotype by microsatellite typing and used as allogeneic MHC-mismatched MSC recipients. MHC homozygote horses of known ELA-A2 haplotype were used as MSC and peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) donors. One MHC homozygote horse of the ELA-A2 haplotype was the recipient of ELA-A2 donor MSCs as an MHC-matched control. Donor MSCs, which were previously isolated and immunophenotyped, were thawed and culture expanded to achieve between 30x106 and 50x106 cells for intradermal injection into the recipient’s neck. Recipient serum was collected and tested for the presence of anti-donor antibodies prior to MSC injection and every 7 days after MSC injection for the duration of the 8-week study using the standard two-stage lymphocyte microcytotoxicity dye-exclusion test. In addition to anti-ELA-A2 antibodies, recipient serum was examined for the presence of cross-reactive antibodies including anti-ELA-A3 and anti-RBC antibodies. All MHC-mismatched recipient horses produced anti-ELA-A2 antibodies following injection of ELA-A2 MSCs and developed a wheal at the injection site that persisted for the duration of the experiment. Anti-ELA-A2 antibody responses were varied both in terms of strength and timing. Four recipient horses had high-titered anti-ELA-A2 antibody responses resulting in greater than 80% donor PBL death in the microcytotoxicity assays and one of these horses also developed antibodies that cross-reacted when tested on lymphocyte targets from a horse with an unrelated MHC type. Allogeneic MSCs are capable of eliciting antibody responses in vivo that can be strong and also cross-reactive with MHC types other than that of the donor. Such responses could limit the effectiveness of repeated allogeneic MSC use in a single horse, and could also result in untoward inflammatory responses in recipients.
Population structure of hispanics in the United States: The multi-Ethnic study of Atherosclerosis

Using ~60,000 SNPs selected for minimal linkage disequilibrium, we perform population structure analysis of 1,374 unrelated Hispanic individuals from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), with self-identification corresponding to Central America (n = 93), Cuba (n = 50), the Dominican Republic (n = 203), Mexico (n = 708), Puerto Rico (n = 192), and South America (n = 111). By projection of principal components (PCs) of ancestry to samples from the HapMap phase III and the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP), we show the first two PCs quantify the Caucasian, African, and Native American origins, while the third and fourth PCs bring out an axis that aligns with known South-to-North geographic location of HGDP Native American samples and further separates MESA Mexican versus Central/South American samples along the same axis. Using k-means clustering computed from the first four PCs, we define four subgroups of the MESA Hispanic cohort that show close agreement with self-identification, labeling the clusters as primarily Dominican/Cuban, Mexican, Central/South American, and Puerto Rican. To demonstrate our recommendations for genetic analysis in the MESA Hispanic cohort, we present pooled and stratified association analysis of triglycerides for selected SNPs in the LPL and TRIB1 gene regions, previously reported in GWAS of triglycerides in Caucasians but as yet unconfirmed in Hispanic populations. We report statistically significant evidence for genetic association in both genes, and we further demonstrate the importance of considering population substructure and genetic heterogeneity in genetic association studies performed in the United States Hispanic population.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Aggressive Behavior, and Anger: Recent Findings and Treatment Recommendations

While cognitive-behavioral treatment has been shown to be effective in treating anger in the general population, there is little empirical evidence to support the utility of these interventions in reducing anger, hostility, and aggression among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, many existing interventions for anger do not directly target hostile cognitive scripts or discuss processes of risk for aggressive behavior, two notable anger-related constructs that are reported at higher rates for patients with PTSD compared to those without PTSD. Thus, the authors reviewed the theoretical foundation for a newly developed cognitive-behavioral intervention for the treatment of anger, hostility, and aggression for patients with PTSD. Furthermore, the authors recommended several screening and assessment measures to aid in referral for anger-specific interventions for patients with PTSD and provided empirically based support for the use of motivational interviewing techniques in responding to patients who exhibit intense anger within treatment settings.
Modelling travellers’ philanthropy: tourists’ motivations to donate at Sweetwater Chimpanzee Sanctuary

Parks and protected areas are often charged with addressing pressing conservation issues, but frequently face financial constraints. Travellers’ philanthropy is recognised as one form of ecotourism that can increase funding for conservation efforts, such as biodiversity preservation, within protected areas. While recent research has enumerated various factors that influence on-site donations in travellers’ philanthropy programmes, the strength of and relationships between these factors (e.g. messaging, trust, and caring) in influencing donation behaviour have not been studied. This exploratory mixed-methods study investigated factors influencing tourists’ motivations to donate to travellers’ philanthropy programmes, specifically at Sweetwater Chimpanzee Sanctuary in Kenya. Researchers examined the relationships between on-site messaging, trust in an organisation, feelings of caring for chimpanzees, on-site donation behaviour, and intentions to donate in the future. Results indicate that not all factors ha...
Fractionation of serum cholesterol of chickens.

SummaryA large percentage of the cholesterol of lyophilized serum from old hens Is present in the “readily ex tractable” fraction. The concentration of this fraction in the serum of roosters and young chickens is quite low but, in some cases, the amount extracted increases with increased extraction time. There appears to be a correlation between the percentage of the total cholesterol present ill the “readily extr actable” fraction and the neutral fat content of the serum of old hens.
Daily variation and effect of dietary folate on urinary pteridines

Urinary pteridines are putative molecular biomarkers for noninvasive cancer screening and prognostication. Central to their translational biomarker development is the need to understand the sources and extent of their non-epidemiological variation. This study was designed to characterize the two primary sources of urinary pteridine variance: daily variation and the effect of dietary folate. Daily variation was studied by collecting urine specimens (n = 81) three times daily for 3 days. The effect of dietary folate was investigated in a treatment study in which urine specimens (n = 168) were collected daily during a control week and a treatment week during which participants received dietary folate supplements. Measurements of six urinary pteridines were made using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Coefficients of variation were calculated to characterize daily variance between and within subjects, while nearest neighbor non-parametric analyses were used to identify diurnal patterns and measure dietary folate effects. Daily variance was approximately 35 % RSD for both within-day and between-day periods for most pteridines. Diurnal patterns in response to circadian rhythms were similarly observed for urinary pteridines. Folate supplementation was shown to alter urinary pteridine profiles in a pathway dependent manner, suggesting that dietary folate may regulate endogenous neopterin and biopterin biosynthesis. Urinary pteridine levels were found to be responsive to both daily variation and folate supplementation. These findings provide new insights into pteridine biosynthesis and regulation as well as useful information for the design of future clinical translational research.
Radiation Heat Transfer in SOFC Electrolytes

Due to their high operating temperature, there has been speculation that thermal radiation may play an important role in the overall heat transfer within the electrode and electrolyte layers of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This paper presents a detailed characterization of the thermophysical and radiative properties of the composite materials, which are then used to define a simple 2-D model incorporating the heat transfer characteristics of the electrode and electrolyte layers of a typical planar SOFC. Subsequently, the importance of thermal radiation is assessed by comparing the temperature field obtained using a conduction model with fields obtained using coupled conduction/radiation models. Contrary to some published literature, these results show that radiation heat transfer has a negligible effect on the temperature field within these components, and does not need to be accommodated in comprehensive thermal models of planar SOFCs.Copyright © 2005 by National Research Council of Canada
Mental status changes in an immunocompromised patient.

A young patient with Burkitt’s lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia was found unarousable following 3 days of forgetfulness and expressive nominal aphasia.
Coordinated Control of Orbit and Attitude Using Hybrid Automata Theory

In this paper a hybrid automata theory is developed to autonomously control the satellite orbit and attitude. The discrete dynamics are used for satellite commands and the continuous dynamics are used to model the orbit and attitude dynamics. We utilize the hybrid automata theory to combine discrete and continuous dynamics associated with satellite control. We perform simulations for automatic attitude and orbit control using various different control methods. We show that a single satellite orbit and attitude control is easily modeled and simulated. We also perform a simulation of autonomous orbit and attitude control of three satellite from three different altitudes to the same operating altitude. Then we model a general attitude and orbit control state transition diagram for a satellite to maneuver from any initial attitude and orbit to any target attitude and orbit. We show that it is possible to automate a satellite attitude and orbit control using hybrid automata theory;.
Incomplete Markets and Imperfect Institutions: Some Challenges Posed by Trust for Contemporary Health Care and Health Policy

As contemporary health policy promotes evidence-based practices using targeted incentives, policy makers may lose track of vital aspects of care that are difficult to measure. For more than a half century, scholars have recognized that these latter aspects play a crucial role in high-quality care and equitable health system performance but depend on the potentially frail reed of providers' trustworthiness: that is, their commitment to facets and outcomes of care not easily assessed by external parties. More recently, early experience with pay for performance in health settings suggests that enhancing financial rewards for the measurable undermines providers' commitment to the unmeasurable, degrading the trustworthiness of their practices. Reformers have looked to revised professional norms or reorganized practice arrangements to bolster the intrinsic motivations required for trustworthiness. We suggest here that these responses are likely to prove inadequate. We propose that they be complemented by a renewed policy-making commitment to nonprofit ownership among health care providers, insurers, and integrated delivery systems. We identify some of the concerns raised in the past with ownership-based policies and propose a set of responses. If these are pursued in combination, they hold the promise of a sustainable ownership-based policy reform for the United States.
Ion-Implanted Profiles for High-Frequency (> 100 GHz) Impatt Diodes

Ion-implanted p(boron)- and n(arsenic)-type dopant profiles have been used in the fabrication of D-band double-drift-region (DDR) and single-drift-region (SDR) silicon IMPATT diodes for precise control of the impurity levels and dimensions of the space-charge and contact regions. Factors which influence the final diode designs are discussed. Continuous-wave output powers and conversion efficiencies obtained at 140 GHz are 80 mW and 2% for a DDR device and 140 mW with 2.8% for a complementary SDR didode.