cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spillover Prevention via Proper Synthesis/Placement of Actuators and Sensors

A central problem in the control of lightly damped, flexible large space structures is control and observation spillover of reduced-order controllers which can produce destabilizing interactions with unmodeled modes of vibration. Techniques for preventing control spillover by proper synthesis of the influences of existent actuators on a structure and by proper initial placement of the actuators are applied to two representative numerical models of large space structures. This paper focuses on control spillover, because these techniques can be dualized for the prevention of observation spillover. For both models synthesis is shown to prevent control spillover to a significant number of unmodeled modes of vibration. The synthesis algorithm is also extended to determine how actuators should be placed on these models initially for total spillover prevention.
Comparison of processes regulating zooplankton assemblages in new freshwater pools

We compared the relative importance of colonization history to other known regulators of freshwater zooplankton assemblages (i.e. disturbance and nutrient enrichment) during this six-month study of initial colonization in artificial freshwater pools. We experimentally manipulated 16 small (1.5 m diameter) pools for permanence (permanent vs. temporary) and resource availability (± nitrogen & phosphorus). Nitrogen and phosphorus were added to high resource level pools in concentrations typical of eutrophic waters, while low resource level pools did not receive added nutrients. Permanent pools were maintained with added tap water and temporary pools dried out naturally for one month.
Low-dose Chemotherapy and Rituximab for Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD): A Children's Oncology Group Report

Optimal therapy for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) remains problematic. A phase II trial adding rituximab to a low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone regimen was conducted for pediatric patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (+), CD20 (+) PTLD. Fifty-five patients were enrolled. Toxicity was similar for cycles of therapy containing rituximab versus those without. Complete remission (CR) rate was 69% [95% confidence interval (CI); 57%-84%). Of 12 patients with radiographic evidence of persistent disease at the end of therapy, 8 were in CR 28 weeks later without further PTLD therapy. There were 10 deaths, 3 due to infections while receiving therapy and 7 from PTLD. The 2-year event free survival (alive with functioning original allograft and no PTLD) was 71% (95% CI: 57%-82%) and overall survival was 83% (95% CI: 69%-91%) with median follow-up of 4.8 years. Due to small numbers, we were unable to determine significance of tumor histology, stage of disease, allograft type or early response to treatment on outcome. These data suggest rituximab combined with low-dose chemotherapy is safe and effective in treating pediatric with EBV (+) PTLD following solid organ transplantation.
Design of a protocol to enable economic transactions for network services

Deployment of innovative new networking services requires support by network providers. Since economic motivation plays an important role for network providers, it is critical that a network architecture intrinsically considers economic relationships. We present the design of a protocol that associates access to network services with economic contracts. We show how this protocol can be realized in fundamentally different ways, using out-of-band signaling and in-band signaling, based on two different prototype implementations. We present results that show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol and thus demonstrate a first step toward realizing an economy plane for the Internet.
Detecting gene-gene interaction in linkage analysis.

Linkage analysis has been very successful in identifying genes for many Mendelian diseases, but has not enjoyed the same level of success for complex diseases. A major reason is that complex diseases are multifactorial, involving multiple genes and environmental factors. Linkage analysis is powerful for localizing disease genes with moderate marginal effects with most realistic sample sizes. Traditionally it has been used to search for a single disease locus at one time, and most implementations lack the power to detect genes with small marginal effect but moderate to strong interaction effect with other genes. Thus, methods for detecting gene-gene interaction in linkage analysis are needed. A brief background on gene-gene interaction in linkage analysis is given, with a review of two major approaches: two-locus linkage analysis and interaction analysis. Three methods of interaction analysis are also reviewed: conditional linkage analysis, ordered subset analysis, and generalized estimating equations. Keywords: gene-gene interaction; two-locus linkage analysis; conditional linkage analysis; ordered subset analysis; generalized estimating equations
A critical review of the Model Minority Stereotype Shibboleth

T h e a u t h o r c o n du cted a t h e m atic r e v iew o f t h e l ite r at u r e o n t h e m o d el m i no r i t y stereotype (MMS). MMS writings (n = 246) included peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed materials spanning from the 1960s to present. Writings were reviewed if their title included “model minority.” The purpose was to review the MMS critically. Six major themes were found to recurrently appear in the MMS literature. Those themes were the following: (1) critiquing colorblindness, (2) countering meritocracy, (3) demystifying Asian American exceptionalism, (4) uncovering divide and conquer stratagem, (5) problematizing Asian American homogenization, and (6) unmasking the “yellow peril” stereotype. Implications for the education of Asian students in America and abroad are shared.
Multiple description coding of predictively encoded sequences

We are concerned with multiple description coding of predictively encoded sequences at low rates/redundancies. The key problem to be solved is that of avoiding predictive mismatch. We propose an algorithm based on multiple description correlating transforms (MDCT), which avoids the problem of predictive mismatch while not increasing the number of transmitted coefficients. Under a general first-order, Gauss-Markov source model, carefully formulated to be applicable to the practically important case of video coding, we obtain closed-form expressions for the operational rate-distortion characteristics of the proposed algorithm and use these to optimize the algorithm encoding parameters. In the case of the residual-of-residuals technique, which is also based on MDCT, we show that incorporation of any redundancy between the transmitted descriptions is inherently suboptimal. Results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the residual-of-residuals technique at low rates.
Virusisolierung aus klinischem Untersuchungsmaterial

Obwohl es gegenwartig bei den meisten Viruserkrankungen keine spezifischen Behandlungsmethoden gibt, ist es fur prognostische und epidemiologische Zwecke von Bedeutung, eine genaue Diagnose so fruh wie moglich im Krankheitsverlauf zu stellen. Bei zahlreichen Erkrankungen konnen Viren isoliert und identifiziert werden, wodurch eine atiologische Diagnose gestellt werden kann. Im allgemeinen ist es jedoch in den ersten Tagen der Erkrankungen nicht moglich, eine genaue Diagnose zu stellen und das Ergebnis der meisten diagnostischen Tests bei Viruserkrankungen ist erst dann verfugbar, wenn der Patient die Krankheit bereits uberstanden hat oder ihr erlegen ist. Trotzdem sollten diese Untersuchungen von Einsendungsmaterial und auch die Untersuchungen von Sektionsfallen vorgenommen werden, wo immer die Moglichkeit hierzu besteht, um sich Informationen zu verschaffen und auch um den offentlichen Gesundheitsdienst mit verlaslichen Daten uber die Haufigkeit von Viruserkrankungen in der Bevolkerung zu versorgen.
IMPACT OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM APPROACH ON THE OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS IN THE CARDIAC CARE UNIT

There is increased complexity of patients’ care in intensive care units that has motivated the involvement of critical care trained physicians as a part of multidisciplinary approach in medical, surgical and neurological ICUs. Multidisciplinary care has been less common in cardiac care units (CCUs
Recognition events that inhibit and activate natural killer cells

Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit specificity for MHC class I molecules in their interactions with target cells. Instead of activating the cells, the recognition of class I molecules on target cells inhibits NK-cell lytic activity, suggesting that surveillance of normal class I expression by body cells represents a key NK-cell function. Recent advances have been made in identification of the class I specific receptors expressed by NK cells, and in the characterization of their detailed specificity and expression patterns. Other studies are beginning to unravel recognition events that activate NK cells.
A tribute to forty years of top-level marketing research

This issue marks the beginning of the 40th volume of the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. The thicker-than-usual issue is designated as the 40th Anniversary Issue of the Journal. To commemorate the Journal’s anniversary, the collection of cutting-edge and innovative research articles in this issue addresses all of the broad topics in marketing (i.e., marketing strategy, consumer behavior, modeling, public policy, and methods/methodology) to exemplify the breadth of the Journal’s scope. In this spirit, our introduction to the 40th Anniversary Issue briefly provides (1) an overview of JAMS and some tidbits about the Journal, (2) a section on the impact of JAMS, (3) a description of the 11 articles in the issue, and (4) some concluding thoughts. Overall, JAMS has had remarkable impact in the field of marketing for four decades, escalating in the last two decades to become a top tier journal for the marketing professorate. By some accounts, some 500 of the roughly 1,500 JAMS articles published to date have made a remarkably high impact in the field of marketing (and social sciences). The incredible slate of authors contributing to the Anniversary Issue is a testament to the Journal’s standing in the field.
Structure and magnetism of sputtered Fe/Cu multilayers

Abstract X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy show that in sputtered Fe/Cu multilayers the thinnest Fe layers (10.5 and 6.3 A) have fcc structure and a dramatically reduced magnetic moment. Thicker Fe layers (42 and 21 A) have a bcc structure tetragonally distorted toward fcc.
The kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of O(3P) atoms with CH3CN and CF3CN

Absolute rate constants for the reactions of O(3P) atoms with CH3CN and CF3CN were measured using the flash photolysis–resonance fluorescence method under conditions which minimized complications from secondary reactions. These reactions were studied over the temperature range of 383–500 K. The Arrhenius expression obtained for O(3P)+CH3CN was (7.27±1.75) ×10−13 exp(−4770±200/RT) cm3 molecule−1⋅sec−1, while that for the O(3P)+CF3CN reaction was (14.2±5.2) ×10−13 exp(−6130±310/RT) cm3 molecule−1⋅sec−1. Mechanistic information concerning these reactions was obtained from kinetic isotope effect studies using CD3CN in place of CH3CN and from fast flow tube studies of both the CH3CN and CF3CN reactions using direct mass spectrometric and ESR detection methods. The lack of an isotope effect in the CD3CN/CH3CN experiments coupled with the reaction products identified mass spectrometrically leads to the conclusion that the major reaction channel in both systems involves displacement of CH3 and CF3 by O(3P). In ad...
A versatile low-cost apparatus for cell electrofusion and other electrophysiological treatments.

Abstract Instrumentation is described which will generate AC fields and DC square pulses for cell electrofusion, electroporation and other electrophysiological experiments. The equipment can generate a constant or intermittent AC field and a single square pulse, either alone or in combination. It can also generate a train of intermittent square pulses. The components for the intrumentation are commercially available and can be assembled by persons with little or no training in electronics. A design is given for a mass treatment chamber that can be easily constructed and viewed with a microscope.
Raman spectrum and potential function of tetrachlorocyclopropene

Abstract The laser Raman spectrum of tetrachlorocyclopropene in the liquid and solid phases has been recorded and vibrational assignments are presented. These results together with root mean squared vibrational amplitudes from electron diffraction data have been employed in a normal coordinate analysis in which a 19 parameter potential function is refined. This potential function, originally expressed in terms of compliance constants, is then used to derive the corresponding conventional and relaxed force constants.
Quasi-Modal Encounters Of The Third Kind: The Filling-In Of Visual Detail

Although Pessoa et al. imply that many aspects of the filling-in debate may be displaced by a regard for active vision, they remain loyal to naive neural reductionist explanations of certain pieces of psychophysical evidence. Alternative interpretations are provided for two specific examples and a new category of filling-in (of visual detail) is proposed.
Humphry Davy as Geologist, 1805–29

When Charles Lyell was writing his Principles of geology early in 1830, he interpolated five chapters between a recently written historical account of the science and the main body of textual material whose structure had long been determined. These added chapters contained not only Lyell's effort ‘to express the consequences of the uniformity of nature in the history of the earth’, but also his general arguments against the catastro-phic-progressionist interpretation, which he felt obliged to refute. In Chapter IX, the final one in the introductory sections, Lyell chose as representative of the progressionist view, Sir Humphry Davy, ‘a late distinguished writer’ who had ‘advanced some of the weightiest of these objections’ to Lyell's own steady-state view of the earth. No other defender of the progressionist history of the earth was named in Lyell's chapter, and we might well ask, why Humphry Davy? Was he merely an easy target for Lyell's refutations, a straw man set up by Lyell for his own rhetorical convenience?
Injection events in ocean history

The reconnection, with the world ocean, of temporarily isolated ocean basins results in injection either of hyper-saline waters favouring abyssal stratification and stagnation, or of brackish Waters from high latitudes leading to a low salinity surface layer. Mass extinctions and sudden climatic change are closely associated with Arctic injection.
The effects of adjacent competitors and promotion on brand sales

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for adjacent brands to influence sales of a focal brand. Specifically, this paper examines whether the type of adjacent brand (market leader or non-market leader competitor) and its promotion (featuring or discounting) have an effect on sales of a focal product. Design/methodology/approach – Store-level scanner data supplemented with in-store audits are used. Findings – It is demonstrated that adjacent brands and their specific marketing activities influence focal brand sales in specific ways, and that market leaders have a disproportionate and different effect than other competitors on the sales of adjacent brands. Originality/value – Recent marketing research has suggested that brand activities such as featuring and discounting and in-store environmental stimuli such as shelf allocation and displays can have an important effect on category and individual brand sales. Prior work in this area, however, has not explicitly considered the potential influence...
Scotophobin A causes several responses in goldfish if the pineal gland is present.

Abstract Rat scotophobin A increased dark avoidance in goldfish in dark and light avoidance shuttlebox experiments, controlled for general and light cycling-induced swimming activity. A possible site of action for scotophobin was suggested by the reports that dark avoidance was also increased in goldfish by pinealectomy, a treatment which increased shock sensitivity as well. It was found that scotophobin alone decreased the voltage required to induce tail-flip contractures in goldfish. The pineal gland was further implicated in the mode of action of scotophobin when it was found that this peptide suppressed the norepinephrine-induced aggregation of goldfish chromatophores whose state is in part controlled by pineal melatonin. Pinealectomized goldfish became insensitive to the effects of scotophobin upon both light-dark preference and chromatophore aggregation state. These observations strongly suggest that phe piaeal gland is required for the action of scotophobin.
Nondestructive moisture content determination of three different market type in-shell peanuts using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

A near infrared reflectance (NIR) method is presented here by which the average moisture content (MC) of about 100 g of in-shell peanuts could be determined rapidly and nondestructively. MCs of three market type peanuts, Runners, Valencia and Virginia were determined by this method while the peanuts were in their shells (in-shell peanuts). The MC range of the peanuts tested was between 6 and 26 %. NIR reflectance measurements were made at 1 nm intervals in the wavelength range of 1,000–1,800 nm and the spectral data was modeled using partial least squares regression analysis. Eight different models were developed by utilizing different data preprocessing methods such as, Norris-Gap first derivative with a gap size of 3, peak normalization with 1,680 nm (which is the no absorbance wavelength for water), and transformation from reflectance to absorption. Applying model fitness measures, a suitable model was selected out of these. Predicted values of the samples tested were compared with the values determined by the standard air-oven method. The predicted values agreed well with the air-oven values with an R 2 value better than 0.93 for all three types of in-shell peanuts. This method being rapid, nondestructive, and non contact, may be suitable for measuring and monitoring MCs of different types of peanuts, while they are in their shells itself, in the peanut industry.
Professional Accountability for Improving Life, College, and Career Readiness

This article builds on Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, and Pittenger’s (2014) new paradigm on Accountability for College and Career Readiness by focusing on one of its three pillars—professional accountability. The article begins by offering a conceptual framework for professional accountability for improvement. Next, it highlights slices of four organizations whose improvements efforts serve as a model for professional accountability. Then the article provides an overview of what a complete system of professional accountability would require. The article ends with a narrative of a teacher’s career in an imagined future where school, district, state, and federal contexts are designed and provide resources for a cohesive constellation of policies, programs, and practices that increase learning for children, adults and the entire system.
Retail Demand for Natural Dye Plants and Dye Plant Products: A Conjoint Analysis

Herbalists, fiber artists, and herb growers are increasingly interested in growing, marketing, and using local plants as natural dyes. As the market in the United States and Canada develops, fiber art and quilting stores are the primary retail market outlets for natural dye plants and dye plant products. Conjoint analysis was used to evaluate U.S. and Canadian retailer interest in natural dye plants/dye plant products and to estimate market shares. The largest retail market share was for dyed materials, such as yarn or fabric, that are dyed in primary colors, using certified organic plants, and grown on farms in the United States or Canada.
Foveal and peripheral displacement thresholds as a function of stimulus luminance, line length and duration of movement.

Abstract Displacement thresholds for moving line targets were determined in the fovea and periphery (18° eccentricity) as a function of duration of movement, line length and stimulus luminance. At both visual field locations, displacement thresholds were essentially constant for durations of movement between 5 and 500 msec. Longer durations of movement produced progressively higher displacement thresholds and greater response variability. Stimulus luminance and line length displayed little or no influence on foveal displacement thresholds. In contrast, peripheral displacement thresholds became significantly reduced as a function of both increasing line length and higher luminance values. Preliminary comparisons are drawn between the current psychophysical findings and retinal receptive field properties.
Annexin-chromaffin granule membrane interactions: a comparative study of synexin, p32 and p67.

Abstract The chromaffin granule membrane binding and aggregating properties of three annexins, synexin, p32 and p67, have been studied and compared. Each protein was activated to bind and aggregate membranes with a biphasic Ca2+ dependence, with one phase titrating between pCa 5.0–3.5 and the second at higher levels of calcium ( pCa ). cis-Unsaturated free fatty acids lowered these Ca2+ requirements by approximately one log unit. Barium and strontium were able to partially substitute for calcium, with the order of sensitivity Ca 2+ >; Sr 2+ >; Ba 2+ . The proteins appeared to bind to distinct but overlapping populations of receptor sites, and did so in a manner displaying positive cooperativity at the higher Ca2+ levels. The maximal efficacy of the proteins as membrane aggregators differed with synexin being 1–2-fold more efficacious than p32, which in turn was 7-fold more efficacious than p67. In combination, p67 was an effective inhibitor of granule aggregation induced by synexin or p32, while p32 was able to both promote and inhibit synexin-induced granule aggregation in a manner which varied with synexin concentration. The complexity of these annexin-membrane interactions may be a reflection of the multidomain structure of the annexins and may have implications for the differential functions of these proteins in cells.
Coherent optical processes of semiconductors studied via two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy

Two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy, an extension of four-wave mixing (FWM), is able to resolve numerous aspects of many-body effects and higher-order Coulomb interactions that contribute to the ultrafast dynamics of quantum wells and bulk GaAs resonances. Coherent oscillations between heavy-hole and light-hole excitons - or quantum beats - can be unfolded from the exciton populations by Fourier transforming FWM data with respect to two time-axes. Excitation conditions such as pulse ordering, polarization, tuning and pulse energy can isolate Feynman pathways and highlight the coherent many-body correlations, including those from biexcitons. In addition, the bulk exciton and continuum states are studied more carefully for their dynamics.
Evaluating the Effects of a Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program on Reoffense

This article describes an investigation of the relationship between participation in a Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP) and reoffense within a year of participation. Three research que...
Extension of the N-point padé approximants solution of the eliashberg equations to T∼Tc

Vidberg and Serene introduced a very useful technique for calculating the low temperature (T « Tc) gap function of a superconductor which bypasses the real-frequency singular integral equations of Eliashberg. Blashke and Blocksdorf recognized and resolved a difficulty with the technique thereby extending it to higher temperatures. We present a much simpler method of doing essentially the same thing and, for a strong-coupling superconductor at a temperature near Tc, compare the gap functions calculated using these methods with the accurate one computed directly from the real-frequency equations.
Cell-specific differences in membrane β-glucosidase from normal and gaucher cells

Two isozymes of membrane-bound β-glucosidase (β-d-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) with activity towards 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucopyranoside have been identified in human cells. One of these isozymes was found to have a pH optimum of 5.0, a Km of 0.4 mM and to be rapidly inactivated at pH 4.0 (“acid-labile”). The second isozyme had a pH optimum of 4.5, a Km of 0.8 mM and was stable at pH 4.0 (“acid-stable”). Cultured long-term lymphoid lines and peripheral blood leukocytes contained both isozymes while cultured skin fibroblasts contained only the “acid-stable” form in detectable amounts. The specific activity of the “acid-stable” isozyme was severely reduced in cultured skin fibroblasts, cultured long-term lines and peripheral leukocytes from patients with Gaucher's disease. The specific activity of the “acid-labile” enzyme in the latter two cell types was apparently unaffected. The β-glucosidase activity in all three cell types examined was predominantly particulate but the enzyme could be solubilized with low concentrations of Triton X-100. The solubilized enzyme required sodium taurocholate (0.2%) for maximum activity. Solubilized β-glucosidase did not exhibit the cell-specific differences in pH optimum and Km shown by the membrane-bound enzyme.
Going ‘tribal’: Notes on pacification in the 21st century

Few anthropologists today would consider using the term ‘tribe’ as an analytical category, yet it has become a focal point for military commanders and other leaders prosecuting the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Specifically, US-led occupation forces in both countries have begun pursuing ‘tribal’ strategies in which they have attempted to forge alliances with ‘sheiks’ and local power brokers. This article examines the reasons for the rapid rise of ‘tribal’ discourses, the role of social scientists in their propagation and the possible consequences for Iraqis and Afghans. It concludes by comparing these processes to ethnographically-informed pacification efforts initiated in the late 1800s and early 1900s by the European powers, and by suggesting that anthropologists can potentially play a critical role by challenging persistent, damaging assumptions.
Functional Interactions, Phosphorylation, and Levels of 3′,5′-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Regulatory Element Binding Protein and Steroidogenic Factor-1 Mediate Hormone-Regulated and Constitutive Expression of Aromatase in Gonadal Cells

The proximal promoter of the rat aromatase CYP19 gene contains two functional regions that, by 5′-deletion analyses, have been shown to confer hormone/cAMP inducibility to chimeric genes in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells and constitutive expression in R2C Leydig cells. Promoter region A binds Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1); region B binds cAMP-regulatory element binding protein (CREB) and two other factors (designated X and Y). Mutations were generated within the context of the intact promoter to selectively eliminate the binding of either SF-1, CREB, CREB plus factors X and Y, or all of the above. When expression vectors that failed to bind either CREB alone or CREB plus factors X and Y were transfected into granulosa cells, cAMP-dependent chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was reduced 65% indicating that CREB alone, and not factors X and Y, mediates the cAMP response of this cAMP response element-like domain. Similarly, cAMP-dependent CAT activity was reduced 50% in constructs that...
Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal-Supported Metal Nanoparticles as Potential Intermediate Nanocatalysts

We report the synthesis of a new type of intermediate nanocatalyst material that we term as colloidal-supported metal nanoparticles (CSMNs). The CSMNs that we have synthesized consist of palladium nanoparticles covalently attached to functionalized silica colloids. The synthesis process involves four steps, which include the synthesis of the silica colloids, synthesis of the palladium nanoparticles, functionalization of the silica colloids with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) or 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and covalent attachment of the palladium nanoparticles onto the functionalized silica colloids. We have characterized the size of the silica colloids and palladium nanoparticles by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we have characterized the attachment of the palladium nanoparticles onto the two types of functionalized silica colloids by using TEM as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In the case of the CSMNs prepared by using the silica colloids f...
SU(3) topological charge on the lattice

Abstract We present some ideas and techniques which may be useful in the study of the SU(3) topological change on the lattice.
Toward high performance parallel experimentation machines. Use of a scheduler as a quantitative computer-aided design tool for evaluating workstation performance

Abstract Parallel experimentation machines offer the opportunity to acquire large volumes of scientific data in short periods of time. However, envisioning the performance of the integrated assembly of hardware components (robot, sample handling modules, analytical instruments) is a stubborn and pervasive design problem in the field of laboratory automation. An automated chemistry workstation has been built that consists of discrete hardware modules and is equipped with an experiment manager software package; the latter includes a scheduler for performing parallel experiments. In this paper, the scheduler is used as a computer-aided design (CAD) tool to evaluate the effects of speed enhancements in various hardware modules, including robot translation rate, sample manipulator syringe speed, solvent dispensing with a high-speed pump, and replacing traditional batch methods of sample analysis with flow injection analysis. The proposed hardware alterations are feasible with existing technology. The CAD approach has three elements. First, each alteration is evaluated quantitatively using timing formulae containing variable speed parameters. Second, the overall system performance improvement due to each individual alteration is simulated by scheduling a typical workload of experiments. Third, performance is equated with the number of experiments that can be performed in parallel. The relative importance of the hardware alterations depends on the typical workload of experiments. A workstation that incorporates all alterations exhibits a performance improvement of five to fifteenfold compared with our existing workstation (and over 150-fold compared with serial operation). Such a workstation would be capable of initiating and monitoring > 300 reactions (16 h each) in parallel, a throughput corresponding to ≈ 1700 experiments per week. Application of the scheduler as a CAD tool thus provides a means to predict performance quantitatively. This approach should prove generally useful in laboratory automation and is crucial for guiding the systematic design of high performance parallel experimentation machines.
Epidemiologic insights into pediatric kidney stone disease

The epidemiology of pediatric kidney stone has not yet been as rigorously defined as that of adult kidney stone disease. Herein, we review our recent epidemiologic works characterizing pediatric stone disease using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). Specifically we investigated the age and gender distribution of pediatric kidney stone disease, changes in disease prevalence over time, and medical comorbidities associated with this disorder. We identified patients by International Classification of Disease 9th Edition (ICD-9) codes for renal and ureteral calculi as the primary diagnosis. Medical comorbidities were identified using specific comorbidity software. Statistical comparisons between children with and without stone disease were performed. In the first decade of life, stone disease was more prevalent among males than females; however, in the second decade of life females were more commonly affected. Of note, there was a significant increase in treated stone disease across both genders between 1997 and 2003. We also found that the risk of kidney stone diagnosis in children younger than 6 years of age was significantly associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The gender distribution among pediatric stone formers varies significantly by age, although overall females have a greater prevalence than males. There is also a strong association of stone disease and both diabetes and hypertension, although this was only observed in children less than 6 years of age. Taken all together, these findings suggest that urolithiasis in the young child is a complex systemic disease process.
Implicit Virtues, Divergent Goods, Multiple Communities: Explicitly Addressing Virtues in the Behavioral Sciences

Developing good theory about virtues and character requires facing a major obstacle: Many behavioral scientists, including scientific, humanistic, and postmodern, oppose the very idea of virtue. Careful examination of their narratives, ideologies, practices, and communities suggests, however, that each clearly has notions about praiseworthy human characteristics, that is, about virtues. Concepts of virtues and character within a variety of behavioral science approaches are discussed and identified. Virtues are closely related to concepts of goodness and community, with different virtues linked to divergent concepts of the good and competing communities. The problems of implicit conceptions of virtue and the good are discussed. Explicit discussions of virtue, goodness, and multiple communities, it is argued, can help us develop the best possible accounts of character.
SU-GG-T-110: An N-State 4D Convolution Dose Calculation Algorithm in Proton and Photon Therapy

Purpose: 4D dose calculation can accurately predict the doses received by a deforming anatomy in the presence of the intra‐fraction respiratory motion. However, 4D dose calculation is time consuming since it requires a separate dose calculation for each phase of the 4D datasets. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate a method which can correctly predict the 4D dose distribution using fewer 4D datasets. Method and Materials: An n‐state 4D convolution dose calculation method was implemented to perform the 4D dose calculation in intensity modulated photon therapy (IMXT), passive scatteredproton therapy (PSPT) and intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). n‐state 4D convolution dose calculation was to calculate the doses at n selected phases of 4D CT and convolve the calculated doses with the deformation vectors for each phase obtained through a deformable image registration algorithm. One‐state 4D convolution dose calculation was compared with full 4D dose calculation for an IMRT plan. One and two‐state 4D convolved dose distributions was compared with full 4D dose distribution for a PSPT and an IMPT plan. Results: The dose volume histogram (DVH) was almost identical between one‐state 4D convolved dose and full 4D dose for the IMRT plan. One‐state 4D convolution dose calculation did not predict the target coverage well for the PSPT and IMPT plans. The DVHs was predicted reasonably well by two‐state 4D convolution dose calculation for PSPT plan but was not good enough for the IMPT plans. Conclusion: For proton and photon plans, the apparent dose could be different from the 4D dose. One‐state 4D convolved dose agrees well with full 4D dose, indicating the 4D dose calculation for the photon therapy could be obtained much faster. At least two‐state 4D convolution dose calculation was required for the proton therapy.
Effects of Asp residues near the L-side pigments in bacterial reaction centers.

The primary photochemistry in Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers (RCs) containing the Phe to Asp mutation at L polypeptide residue 121 near the photoactive bacteriopheophytin (BPhL) is characterized using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. At 285 K, initial charge separation from P* proceeds with essentially unity quantum yield in ∼6 ps to form a transient denoted P+I-. This transient is proposed to involve P+BPhL- and probably P+BChlL- as well (BChlL is the L-side bacteriochlorophyll molecule). P+I- decays in ∼150 ps both by electron transfer to give P+QA- (∼78% yield) and by charge recombination to the ground state (∼22% yield). These results indicate that the F(L121)D mutant is closely related, in terms of its electron transfer properties, to previously reported RCs in which BPhL is replaced with a bacteriochlorophyll (beta-type RCs) or a pheophytin. However, the native BPhL pigment is retained in the F(L121)D mutant. We propose that the Asp at L121 raises the free energy of P+BPhL-, the...
White Women and the Dark Mother

One of the foremost champions of the ‘Dark Mother’ today is the overwhelmingly white feminist spirituality movement, based in the United States and Europe. Over the past twenty-five years, white spiritual feminists have approached the figure of the Dark Mother, which is borrowed from Hindu, African and Christian sources, with a uniquely fraught mix of longing, envy, hope, fear and guilt. This article first discusses the explicit justifications that white spiritual feminists offer for the incorporation of the Dark Mother into their religiosity, including their analysis of how the concepts of ‘lightness’ and ‘darkness’ are deployed and gendered in patriarchal religions. It then argues that, contrary to spiritual feminist claims, the Dark Mother as such does not exist cross-culturally but is rather the joint creation of the history of religions, Jungian psychology and spiritual feminist ingenuity, and that she is constructed and utilised primarily as a means of working through white racial guilt.
Hairy Vetch as a Winter Cover Crop for Dryland Corn Production

Government agricultural policies, fossil fuel prices, and environmental concerns (soil erosion and water quality) could all greatly affect future use of corn (L.) monocultures. As a possible alternative, an experiment was conducted to evaluate production of continuous corn as affected by hairy vetch (Roth) used as a winter cover crop. The experiment was conducted for four years on a Crete-Butler silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Pachic Argiustolls-Abruptic Argiaquolls) under rainfed conditions at Lincoln, Nebraska. The six treatments investigated were continuous corn produced with no cover crop, no N fertilizer, and no tillage (C); no cover crop or tillage but with 55 lb N/acre broadcast as NHNO (N); corn no-till planted into growing hairy vetch with no fertilizer (V); hairy vetch disked in at corn planting, no fertilizer (D); hairy vetch retarded with contact herbicide before corn planting, no tillage, and no fertilizer (R); and hairy vetch killed at planting with herbicide, no tillage, and no fertilizer (K). Results indicated that corn grain yields where hairy vetch was incorporated into soil by disking before planting equaled or exceeded those of all other treatments. Plant N uptake and soil inorganic N data suggested that much of the N in incorporated hairy vetch residue was mineralized and taken up by corn during grain fill. Little N in chemically killed hairy vetch residues left on the soil surface apparently became available to corn, even after several years. These results suggested that incorporating hairy vetch before planting corn usually provided avail- able N equal to, or greater than, that provided by 55 lb fertilizer N per acre. Lack of cultivars that will reseed themselves and the potential for reduced stored soil water at corn planting may restrict use of hairy vetch in drier temperate regions.
Improved sensitivity in ellipsometry of thin biochemical films by employing sublayers

Ellipsometry is widely used for investigating the optical properties of thin films on planar substrates, including films of adsorbed proteins or polymers. The average thickness and effective refractive index of the adsorbed layer are calculated by measuring the A and 'P ellipsometry parameters. Unfortunately the thickness of the adsorbed protein layers is often too thin to significantly affect the and 'I' parameters. However, using a substructure consisting of an additional sublayer placed between the substrate and the adsorbed layer, we can improve the sensitivities of both and 'P to changes in the adsorbed layer, provided that the thickness of the sublayer is optimized. We show that for a Si02 layer on a Si wafer, the optimum Si02 thickness is about 1350 A when the incident angle is 70 degrees and the wavelength is 6328 A. The materials of the sublayer can be metal, semiconductor and/or dielectric.
An Exploration of Digital Storytelling Creation and Media Production Skill Sets in First Year College Students

Though recent advancements in media and computing technologies have fostered greater instructor adoption of student media assignments, few studies have examined the role these projects play in the development of student media production skill sets. This study surveyed 12 first year college students in a postsecondary education class, each responsible for producing a digital story project communicating issues related to water sustainability. Students responded to a self-efficacy survey questionnaire before and after the production process, rating their confidence on ability to perform specific required and optionally suggested production tasks related to media components in the assignment. A paired t-test was employed to compare student responses from the pre and post self-efficacy survey questionnaires. Results from this study indicate significant gains in student self-efficacy beliefs on media production tasks that were required, while response changes for the optional tasks were found to be not statistically significant. Findings from this study suggest that digital storytelling projects can be beneficial in the development of student media production skill sets. To optimize opportunities for this development, instructors are encouraged to consider specific required media components with relevant production tasks and skill sets when designing a digital storytelling assignment.
Evidence of block and randomly sequenced chondroitin polysaccharides: sequential enzymatic digestion and quantification using ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.

A method for determining the sequence type of the disaccharide repeat region of cartilage samples is introduced. The samples are sequentially subjected to selective and nonselective enzymatic digestion, and the isomeric products from each step are quantified using tandem mass spectrometry. The two-step digestion/quantification protocol identifies whether the global makeup of the polymer is “alternating”, “random”, or “blocked” with respect to the two main components of the cartilage, 4- and 6-sulfated disaccharides. Using this procedure, the sequence type of two biologically isolated chondroitin polysaccharides was identified. The results for chondroitin sulfate A, isolated from bovine trachea, are consistent with the 4- and 6-sulfated disaccharides randomly distributed throughout the repeat region of the polysaccharide. For chondroitin sulfate C, shark cartilage, the 6-sulfated disaccharides are adjacent to each other to a larger extent than one would expect for a randomly distributed polymer, indicating...
Temperament pathways to childhood disruptive behavior and adolescent substance abuse: Testing a cascade model

Temperament traits may increase risk for developmental psychopathology like Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and disruptive behaviors during childhood, as well as predisposing to substance abuse during adolescence. In the current study, a cascade model of trait pathways to adolescent substance abuse was examined. Component hypotheses were that (a) maladaptive traits would increase risk for inattention/hyperactivity, (b) inattention/hyperactivity would increase risk for disruptive behaviors, and (c) disruptive behaviors would lead to adolescent substance abuse. Participants were 674 children (486 boys) from 321 families in an ongoing, longitudinal high risk study that began when children were 3 years old. Temperament traits assessed were reactive control, resiliency, and negative emotionality, using examiner ratings on the California Q-Sort. Parent, teacher, and self ratings of inattention/hyperactivity, disruptive behaviors, and substance abuse were also obtained. Low levels of childhood reactive control, but not resiliency or negative emotionality, were associated with adolescent substance abuse, mediated by disruptive behaviors. Using a cascade model, family risk for substance abuse was partially mediated by reactive control, inattention/hyperactivity, and disruptive behavior. Some, but not all, temperament traits in childhood were related to adolescent substance abuse; these effects were mediated via inattentive/hyperactive and disruptive behaviors.
PREDICTION OF GAS-PHASE HOLDUP IN A BUBBLE COLUMN

Hydrodynamic properties of bubble columns play a significant role in many chemical and biochemical processes. Recent theoretical and experimental work conducted by Krishna et al. (1991, 1994), and Wilkinson et al. (1992) have been examined in conjunction with a bubble column and data for the air-water system operating at ambient conditions. The bubble column is 0.108 m in internal diameter, has a 1.70 m tall test section, and is equipped with a perforated plate distributor having 91 holes of 0.8 mm diameter. The data are taken for five values of the slumped water column height in range from 0.79 to 1.15 m, and for superficial air velocities up to about 0.4 m/s. The data accord to the qualitative aspects of Krishna et al. model but lead to different values of the bubble swarm rise velocity, and superficial transition air velocity characterizing the transition from homogeneous bubbly flow regime to heterogeneous churn-turbulent flow regime. The quantitative reproduction by the model expressions of these rec...
Multiple vector face-lift: SMAS-platysma rotation flap plus midface malar fat pad suspension

The technique of multiple vector face-lift, including superficial musculoaponeuronic system (SMAS) rotation flap and midface malar fat pad suspension, is described.
Comparison of 11C and 14C-labeled fatty acids and their β-methyl analogs

Abstract I-[ 14 C]β-methylheptadecanoic acid ([ 14 C]BMHDA) was compared to 16-[ 14 C]palmitic ([ 14 C]PA) acid for its biodistribution in rats, to determine whether an analogue designed to be trapped as a metabolite of the /gb-oxidation metabolic process in the myocardium could be used to assess myocardial metabolic integrity. A heart concentration of 2.82 and 6.18% I.D./g at 5 and 60 min was observed for [ 14 C]BMHDA, while [14C]palmitic acid was 2.65 and 0.89 LD./g at 5 and 60 min respectively. However the myocardial concentration at 24 h was 0.4% I.D./g, indicating clearance of the tracer from the heart. Quantita autoradiographic studies confirmed the highest heart concentration of [ 14 C]BMHDA at 60 min, compared to other organs.
Caregiving, Psychosocial Stress, and High Cortisol May Lead to Plaque Accumulation. Caregiving, Physical Stress, and Plaque Accumulation May Lead to Gingivitis

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Chronic Stress, Depression, and Cortisol Levels as Risk Indicators of Elevated Plaque and Gingivitis Levels in Individuals Aged 50 Years and Older Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Bozzetti MC, Bandeira DR, Goncalves TR, Pawlowski J, et al. J Periodontol 2006;77(6):1008-14 Level of Evidence 3b Purpose/Question Are psychoneuroimmunological and psychological factors associated with dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis? Source of Funding Government—National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) in Brazil Type of Study/Design Case-Control Study