cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of pulsed-laser deposited BaTiO 3 thin films

Thin films of barium titanate (BaTiO3) have been grown on Si (100) and UV fused silica substrates using KrF pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy. Smooth and stoichiometric films were grown on Si (100) substrate at O2 pressure range of 10-30 mTorr and substrate temperature of 600°C-620°C. The XRD patterns of the films revealed the polycrystalline peaks with a preferential orientation. The optical properties of BaTiO3 films were investigated in terms of UV-VIS transmission spectrum of the films deposited on UV fused silica substrate. The spectral dependences of refractive index and absorption coefficient, and the thickness of the films have been calculated from optical transmission measurements using the envelope method. The band gap energy (Eg) of BaTiO3 films was found to be 3.35eV.
High-Resolution Observations of Subauroral Polarization Stream-Related Field Structures During a Geomagnetic Storm Using Passive Radar

In observations made with the Manastash Ridge Radar (MRR, the University of Washington's passive, VHF coherent radar) during July 2004, we detected a large-scale wavelike structure (in latitude and/or time) that propagated through the field of view. The amplitude and period of these equatorward-moving oscillations in backscatter intensity closely resemble those reported by the Millstone Hill Atmospheric Science Group [Foster et al., 2004] in their studies of spatial and temporal variations in the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) electric field. We present supporting evidence from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite measurements to show that a SAPS channel was present in the MRR field of view during the time in question. By treating individual backscattering irregularities (present due to ionospheric two-stream instabilities) as tracers for electric field structure within the larger and longer-lived SAPS channel, we find quasi-periodic oscillations in the field structure within the channel as well as an equatorward motion of the entire SAPS structure.
Overexpression and function of small conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel (SKCa) isoform 3.1 in HL-1 myocyte mitochondria (648.12)

SKCa agonists protect against cardiac ischemia and reperfusion injury. SKCa channels are present in cell membranes of vascular and cardiac atrial cells, but not in cell membranes of cardiac ventricular cells. Of the 3 known SKCa isoforms, we found SKCa isoform 3 of splice variant 1 (SKCa 3.1) in the inner mitochondrial (m) membrane of guinea pig ventricular cells. To determine its mitochondrial targeting sequence and function, we cloned full length (FL) and truncated SKCa 3.1 cDNA for overexpression in HL-1 myocytes. SKCa 3.1 localization was examined by immunocytochemistry and western blotting and channel function was evaluated by K+ uptake into HL-1 myocyte mitochondria with the K+-selective fluorescent probe PBFI AM. We found that SK3FL-EGFP, N-terminus truncated SK3.1 (SK3Δ1-277-EGFP), but not C-terminus (includes calmodulin binding motif) truncated SK3.1 (SK3Δ626-720-EGFP), localized into mitochondria when transfected into HL-1 cells. Overexpression of SK3FL-EGFP and SK3Δ1-277-EGFP, but not SK3Δ626-7...
Correlation Between Solder Joint Fatigue Life and Accumulated Work in Isothermal Cycling

The fatigue behavior of solder joints in realistic service applications is still not well understood. Service life prediction based on conducting accelerated tests and extrapolating test results therefore involves a high potential for error. Understanding both the evolution of solder joint properties and the damage accumulation has proved to be critical to reliability modeling. Damage accumulation in isothermal cycling is shown to scale with the accumulated inelastic work even in complex cycling scenarios, so that the life of a solder joint ends upon accumulation of a given amount of work. Individual ball grid array solder joints were cycled in shear fatigue experiments with different load amplitudes and strain rates. The effects of load amplitudes and strain rates on the work accumulation and fatigue life were systematically addressed. The correlation between different loading scenarios and the accumulated work to failure was also discussed. The results showed that the accumulated work until the development of a major crack is constant regardless of the load amplitude. After that the accumulated work to failure is lower for larger load amplitudes. For some reason, a larger fraction of the work appears to be dissipating as heat at lower load amplitude, but only during crack growth. On the other hand, the strain rate affects the fraction of the work going to heat even before the development of a major crack.
α-Tocopherol and Ascorbic Acid Decrease the Production of β-Apo-carotenals and Increase the Formation of Retinoids from β-Carotene in the Lung Tissues of Cigarette Smoke–Exposed Ferrets In Vitro

Previously, we found that exposing ferrets to cigarette smoke enhanced oxidative excentric cleavage of beta-carotene. In the present study, we examined whether alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, or the two combined can prevent smoke-altered beta-carotene metabolism. In vitro incubation of beta-carotene (10 micro mol/L) with lung postnuclear fractions from ferrets exposed to cigarette smoke was carried out in the absence or presence of alpha-tocopherol (50 micro mol/L), ascorbic acid (10 or 50 micro mol/L), or both vitamins to evaluate their effects on the production of beta-apo-carotenals and retinoids from beta-carotene. The oxidative cleavage metabolites of beta-carotene, beta-apo-carotenals (beta-apo-14', beta-apo-12', beta-apo-10', and beta-apo-8'), retinoic acid (RA), and retinal were analyzed by HPLC. We found that the smoke-enhanced production of individual beta-apo-carotenals was significantly decreased by 36-77% when alpha-tocopherol (50 micro mol/L) and ascorbic acid (50 micro mol/L) were added together to the incubation mixture. alpha-Tocopherol alone had a modest effect. Ascorbic acid in the presence of alpha-tocopherol inhibited the production of beta-apo-carotenals in a dose-dependent manner, although ascorbic acid alone had no effect. In contrast, the production of RA and retinal among smoke-exposed ferrets was substantially increased ( approximately 3-fold, P < 0.05) when both alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid were added to the incubation mixtures. However, when ascorbic acid or alpha-tocopherol alone was added, the production of RA among smoke-exposed ferrets increased only modestly (80%, P < 0.05) and did not differ from the RA levels in control ferrets. In conclusion, these data indicate that alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid may act synergistically in preventing the enhanced oxidative excentric cleavage of beta-carotene induced by smoking exposure, thereby facilitating the conversion of beta-carotene into RA and retinal.
Coordinated multipoint in heterogeneous networks: A stochastic geometry approach

Motivated by the ongoing discussion on coordinated multipoint in wireless cellular standard bodies, this paper considers the problem of base station cooperation in the downlink of heterogeneous cellular networks. The focus of the paper is the joint transmission scenario, where an ideal backhaul network allows a set of randomly located base stations, possibly belonging to different network tiers, to jointly transmit data, so as to mitigate intercell interference and hence improve coverage and spectral efficiency. Using tools from stochastic geometry, an exact integral expression for the network coverage probability is derived in the scenario where a typical user can coherently combine the received signal from a pool of base stations, that are selected based on their average received power strengths or distance from the receiver. In the special case where cooperation is limited to two base stations, numerical evaluations illustrate relative gains in coverage probability of up to about 30% compared to the non-cooperative case.
Higher plant terpenoids:a phytocentric overview of their ecological roles

Characteristics of higher plant terpenoids that result in mediation of numerous kinds of ecological interactions are discussed as a framework for this Symposium on Chemical Ecology of Terpenoids. However, the role of terpenoid mixtures, either constitutive or induced, their intraspecific qualitative and quantitative compositional variation, and their dosage-dependent effects are emphasized in subsequent discussions. It is suggested that little previous attention to these characteristics may have contributed to terpenoids having been misrepresented in some chemical defense theories. Selected phytocentric examples of terpenoid interactions are presented: (1) defense against generalist and specialist insect and mammalian herbivores, (2) defense against insect-vectored fungi and potentially pathogenic endophytic fungi, (3) attraction of entomophages and pollinators, (4) allelopathic effects that inhibit seed germination and soil bacteria, and (5) interaction with reactive troposphere gases. The results are integrated by discussing how these terpenoids may be contributing factors in determining some properties of terrestrial plant communities and ecosystems. A terrestrial phytocentric approach is necessitated due to the magnitude and scope of terpenoid interactions. This presentation has a more broadly based ecological perspective than the several excellent recent reviews of the ecological chemistry of terpenoids.
Silicon photodiode characterization from 1 eV to 10 keV

Silicon photodiodes offer a number of advantages over conventional photocathode type soft x-ray detectors in pulsed power experiments. These include a nominally flat response, insensitivity to surface contamination, low voltage biasing requirements, sensitivity to low energy photons, excellent detector to detector response reproducibility, and ability to operate in poor vacuum or gas backfilled experiments. Silicon photodiodes available from International Radiation Detectors (IRD), Torrance, California have been characterized for absolute photon response from 1 eV to 10 keV photon energy, time response, and signal saturation levels. The authors have assembled individually filtered photodiodes into an array designated the XUV-7. The XUV-7 provides seven photodiodes in a vacuum leak tight, electrically isolated, low noise, high bandwidth, x-ray filtered assembly in a compact package with a 3.7 cm outside diameter. In addition they have assembled the diodes in other custom configurations as detectors for spectrometers. Their calibration measurements show factor of ten deviations from the silicon photodiode theoretical flat response due to diode sensitivity outside the center `sensitive area`. Detector response reproducibility between diodes appears to be better than 5%. Time response measurements show a 10-90% rise time of about 0.1 nanoseconds and a fall time of about 0.5 nanoseconds. Silicon photodiodes have proven to be a versatile and useful complement to the standard photocathode detectors for soft x-ray measurement and are very competitive with diamond for a number of applications.
Dare to Say “I”: The Personal Voice in Professional Writing

Dare we say “I” in scholarly social work writing? This article gives an affirmative answer. I argue, in fact, that important knowledge and wisdom will be lost if we do not do so. This article is a blend of forms. Part professional memoir, part personal essay, review of the literature, and exhortation, the article is a reflection on the status of nontraditional writing in social work. In other disciplines, this blend of forms is sometimes called “personal and scholarly perspectives.” I discuss some of the theoretical arguments for including the personal voice, give illustrative examples, describe a memoir along with reader responses, and offer suggestions for undertaking and evaluating first-person writing.
Fixed‐point iteration to nonlinear finite element analysis. Part I: Mathematical theory and background

This paper sets the stage for the implementation of the Fixed-Point Iteration (FPI) to nonlinear finite element analysis as an alternative to the existing Newton-Raphson Method (NRM) or its derivatives. The superiority of the former method over the latter one is such that it enables one to obtain nonlinear structural static or dynamic responses without inverting the structural stiffness matrix. In the first part of the paper, a new convergence correction/acceleration factor has been developed for the FPI when applied to a single nonlinear algebraic equation. This new factor causes the iteration function of the equation under consideration to rotate about an axis that passes through one of its fixed points or roots. Using this observation, the slope of the iteration function can be adjusted in the neighbourhood of a specific root to ensure the convergence of the FPI. It is found that the optimum choice of the new factor corresponds to a zero slope, evaluated at the root, of the iteration function. The rate of convergence and the error estimate of this form of the FPI is developed and compared with the NRM. The equilibrium positions of a nonlinear loaded softening spring have been obtained by both methods as an illustrative numerical example to measure the effect of the new factor on the convergence rate. The second part of the paper extends the above concept to find the solution of a linear system of algebraic equations using the FPI. This leads to a better diagonal approximate inverse for the Jacobi iteration, or method of simultaneous displacements. If the elements of the solution vector of a specific system are all equal, the new Jacobi iteration becomes an exact method and the solution is obtained in one iteration. The concept is also extended to the Gauss-Seidel iteration, or method of successive displacements. Systems involving symmetric as well as nonsymmetric coefficient matrices have been used as numerical examples and are presented. For future implementation to nonlinear finite element analysis, the active column or the skyline (or the non-zero profile) FPI algorithms are developed for programming considerations.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a consequence of high dose steroid administration after autologous PBSCT.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a consequence of high dose steroid administration after autologous PBSCT
Corn yield variability and weather patterns in the U.S.A.

Abstract Seventy-eight years (1900–1977) of corn yield, temperature and precipitation data for the continental U.S.A. are used to extend crop—weather relationships to a spatial scale compatible with the planetary (stationary) atmospheric waves. Both the meteorological and yield anomaly data are represented in terms of principal components. The year-to-year corn yield variability, expressed as fractional departures from running mean yields, is highest in the Great Plains. The dominant patterns of corn yield, temperature and precipitation show strong spatial coherence over scales of thousands of kilometers. The amplitudes of the dominant yield anomaly patterns are significantly correlated with the monthly amplitudes of several temperature and precipitation patterns during the growing season. The fractions of the yield variance attributable to meteorological fluctuations during individual months within the growing season are as large as 0.30-0.35. The corresponding fractions are 0.60-0.70 when meteorological fluctuations throughout the growing season are included in the analysis. The results suggest an optimum length of 11–13 y for the running mean used to remove temporal trends in the yield data.
Constraints on scalar masses implied by spontaneous symmetry breaking

Abstract The invariance of an arbitrary potential V ( φ ), not necessarily polynomial, under a continuous symmetry that is spontaneously broken is shown to imply sum rules relating the second derivatives of V (i.e. scalar masses) to the fourth derivatives of V (i.e. quartic couplings). For the SU(2) × U(1) theory with arbitrary scalar field representations, the sum rules guarantee that the lightest neutral scalar boson satisfy (M min 0 ) 2 ⩽ ƒ/3 √2 G F = ƒ(150 GeV ) 2 , where ƒ is a particular quartic coupling.
China's Elite Politics and Sino-American Rapprochement, January 1969–February 1972

Western scholars have long assumed that Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai encountered opposition within the Chinese leadership when they sought to improve relations with the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Formerly secret documents and first-hand accounts published in China over the last two decades cast doubt on this assumption. Drawing on newly available Chinese sources, this article examines China's policymaking process vis-a-vis the United States during the crucial period from January 1969 to February 1972. The article shows that the highest Chinese officials (especially Mao, Lin Biao, and Zhou) agreed that improvements in U.S.-China relations would be desirable to offset the threat from the Soviet Union.
Role of water vapor on the wear of MnZn ferrite heads sliding against magnetic tapes

Abstract Friction and wear behavior of metallic (mu-metal) and ceramic (MnZn ferrite) head materials sliding against CrO 2 magnetic tape was investigated. Accelerated tape drive tests were conducted in air at various relative humidity levels. Knoop indentation and nano-scratch techniques were used to measure wear. Friction force was measured simultaneously using a strain gage load beam. To investigate static fatigue induced fracture at high humidities, static tests were conducted on MnZn ferrite in an environment chamber. The head specimens were observed optically and with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed a strong influence of humidity on the tribological behavior of the materials tested. Wear mechanisms of metal and ceramic head materials were found to be different. In the case of mu-metal heads, water was believed to act as a lubricant in the mid-RH (relative humidity) range and to mitigate friction and wear. At high humidities, friction and wear increased dramatically and patches of debris were observed at the head gap. This increase is attributed to formation of menisci bridges at asperity contacts resulting in high adhesive friction and increased abrasive wear due to agglomeration of debris. In the case of MnZn ferrite, friction and wear increased steadily up to 65% RH and then increased catastrophically. The fracture stress of ceramics is known to reduce at high humidities (moisture-assisted fracture or static fatigue). This phenomenon is thought to initiate brittle fracture at the location of surface defects resulting in increased wear. The static tests with MnZn ferrite at high humidity resulted in formation of loose debris, which confirms the static fatigue theory.
Aberrant dendrite growth in central nervous system white matter induced by a mutant proteolipid protein transgene.

Transgenic mice were produced that carry a construct encoding a mutant form of the DM20 isoform of myelin proteolipid protein. The transgene is under the direction of the human Plp gene promoter, which has previously been shown to direct tissue-specific expression of transgenes. Two lines of mice were generated with this construct, both of which express the transgene at extremely low levels. Central nervous system myelination proceeds normally in the transgenic mice. However, in aged transgenic mice, areas of dendrite processes synapsed with axonal termini were observed within the white matter of the spinal cord. This phenotype was accompanied by focal areas of astrocytic hypertrophy and an increase in apoptotic cell death in white matter but not gray matter. One interpretation of these findings is that expression of the mutant DM20 alters signaling between oligodendrocytes and neurons, producing abnormal neurite outgrowth.
Calculating the Absolute Free Energy of Association of Netropsin and DNA

Calculations of the absolute free energy of association of netropsin to the Dickerson dodecamer [d(CGCGAATTGCGC)]2 have been carried out, using the double annihilation method and electrostatic deco...
Discovery of oxadiazoyl tertiary carbinamine inhibitors of beta-secretase (BACE-1).

We describe the discovery and optimization of tertiary carbinamine derived inhibitors of the enzyme β-secretase (BACE-1). These novel non-transition-state-derived ligands incorporate a single primary amine to interact with the catalytic aspartates of the target enzyme. Optimization of this series provided inhibitors with intrinsic and functional potency comparable to evolved transition state isostere derived inhibitors of BACE-1.
Resilin‐Based Hybrid Hydrogels for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

The outstanding elastomeric properties of natural resilin, an insect protein, have motivated the engineering of resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs) as a potential material for cardiovascular tissue engineering. The RLPs, which incorporate biofunctional domains for cell-matrix interactions, are cross-linked into RLP-PEG hybrid hydrogels via a Michael-type addition of cysteine residues on the RLP with vinyl sulfones of an end-functionalized multi-arm star PEG. Oscillatory rheology indicated the useful mechanical properties of these materials. Assessments of cell viability via con-focal microscopy clearly show the successful encapsulation of human aortic adventitial fibroblasts in the three-dimensional matrices and the adoption of a spread morphology following 7 days of culture.
A Generic Simulation Model to Manage a Vaccination Program

The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a computer model can be used as a decision making tool regarding vaccination programs. These programs include vaccination against traditional influenza, avian influenza, H1N1 (swine flu), or other diseases. Specifically, the proposed simulation model is used to investigate the impact of herd immunity, to estimate the vaccination rate for which a given disease is placed into an endemic state, and to calculate the overall cost of a vaccination program from a societal perspective. In addition, the tool can help to define an optimal vaccination rate which will result in the minimum overall cost for a vaccination program. The paper demonstrates several advantages of simulation over other decision making methods. Simulation is used to "mimic" the behavior of the disease, test a range of alternative solutions for different scenarios, and to finely adjust the model and reflect possible vaccination scenarios.
The flaw in Amendola and Wixted’s conclusion on simultaneous versus sequential lineups

Objective Our objective was to examine how Amendola and Wixted (A&W, 2014) arrived at their conclusion that eyewitness identifications of suspects from simultaneous lineups were supported better by corroborating evidence than were identifications from sequential lineups. Their cases came from a randomized field experiment by Wells et al. (2014).
Agricultural Energy Modeling: Discussion of Linear Programming Models

A review of interregional programming techniques suggests several areas for improvement. A larger range of possible energy substitutes and available techniques needs to be incorporated into current aggregate models and analysis of crop production made at the farm level. A second area of concern is the need for more information on other embodied energy investments besides farm machinery since the total energy requirements of all machinery, equipment, and buildings will influence the choice of energy alternatives. Additional research is recommended for evaluating the effects of various energy-price scenarios on the choice of technology, the introduction of new technologies, and the adoption of policies to encourage energy efficiency through institutional adjustments.
Perceptual investigation of psychoanalytic theory concerning latent homosexuality in women.

Female Ss were divided into two groups, High-Latent and Low-Latent Homosexual, on the basis of MMPI Scale 5. Both groups were shown tachistoscopically 6 pictures which had been chosen as being threatening or nonthreatening on the basis of psychoanalytic theory. The high group had longer latencies on each of the high-threat pictures and shorter latencies on each of the low-threat pictures than the low group. The results were accepted as supporting psychoanalytic theory concerning female homosexuality.
Bunched sets a boundary for Notch signaling to pattern anterior eggshell structures during Drosophila oogenesis

Organized boundaries between different cell fates are critical in patterning and organogenesis. In some tissues, long-range signals position a boundary, and local Notch signaling maintains it. How Notch activity is restricted to boundary regions is not well understood. During Drosophila oogenesis, the long-range signals EGF and Dpp regulate expression of bunched (bun), which encodes a homolog of mammalian transcription factors TSC-22 and GILZ. Here, we show that bun establishes a boundary for Notch signaling in the follicle cell epithelium. Notch signaling is active in anterior follicle cells and is required for concurrent follicle cell reorganizations including centripetal migration and operculum formation. bun is required in posterior columnar follicle cells to repress the centripetal migration fate, including gene expression, cell shape changes and accumulation of cytoskeletal components. bun mutant clones adjacent to the centripetally migrating follicle cells showed ectopic Notch responses. bun is necessary, but not sufficient, to down-regulate Serrate protein levels throughout the follicular epithelium. These data indicate that Notch signaling is necessary, but not sufficient, for centripetal migration and that bun regulates the level of Notch stimulation to position the boundary between centripetally migrating and stationary columnar follicle cells.
Public Relief and Private Employment in the Great Depression

The unemployment relief programs introduced by the federal government in the 1930s were the largest single factor in the growth of the federal budget over the decade. We develop a model that enables us to estimate the effects of the relief programs on private employment. Cross-sectional data bearing on the operation of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration rejects the hypothesis that the federal relief programs reduced private employment. Individuals did respond to the incentives of relief benefits, but only by moving between relief and non-relief unemployment.
Thermal dispersion in resin transfer molding

This investigation focuses on the effects of thermal dispersion in resin transfer molding (RTM). A set of volume-average balance equations suitable for modeling mold filling in RTM is described and implemented in a numerical mold filling simulation. The energy equation is based on the assumption of local thermal equilibrium and includes a dispersion term. Thermal dispersion is an enhanced transport of heat due to local fluctuations in the fluid velocity and temperature away from their average values. Nonisothermal mold filling experiments are performed on a center-gated disk mold to investigate and quantify dispersion effects. Good agreement is found between the experimentally measured and numerically predicted temperatures, and a function for the transverse dispersion coefficient in a random glass fiber mat is determined. The results indicate that thermal dispersion is important in RTM processes and must be included in simulations to obtain accurate predictions.
Neuroscience: Flies race to a safe place

Is the fruitfly one of the animals that use visual cues to guide navigation and spatial learning? And if so, how does the simple fly brain support spatial memory formation? Some answers are now emerging. See Letter p.204 Insects such as ants or bees are renowned for their navigational prowess, which in part derives from their ability to learn and associate visual cues to locations in space. Now Charles Zuker and colleagues demonstrate that a powerful model organism — Drosophila melanogaster — is also capable of using vision to form spatial memories. By genetically silencing specific neurons, they then show that such spatial learning relies on a brain centre (the ellipsoid body) which is distinct from that used for non-spatial learning (the mushroom body). This work could lead to Drosophila becoming a model of choice for the study of spatial memory.
Low-resolution electron-density and anomalous-scattering-density maps of Chromatium high-potential iron protein

Electron-density and Bijvoet-difference Fourier (anomalous-scattering-density) maps, at a resolution of 4 A, have been calculated for the Chromatium high-potential iron protein. Phases were obtained from two heavy-atom isomorphous derivatives, PtCl2−6 and UO2F3−5. The most prominent peak in the electron density map coincides with the most prominent peak in the Bijvoet-difference Fourier map, and there are no other coincidences of minor peaks in the two maps. It is concluded that the four iron atoms of Chromatium high-potential iron protein reside in a single unresolved cluster.
Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: Review of the literature and report of two cases in children

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a high morbidity, is infrequently reported, and has been described almost exclusively in adults. We present two cases of septic arthritis of the TMJ that occurred in children after minor blunt trauma. Literature related to septic arthritis of the TMJ was reviewed, and a composite list of cases was constructed. The most common causes were various infections of the head and neck, rheumatic joint disease, and iatrogenesis. Pathogens may gain access to the TMJ by several routes. Patients typically present with an acute, tender, monarticular arthritis with associated swelling and erythema. Malaise, nausea, and vomiting may also be present. Traumatic effusions, fractures, and neoplasms may present in a similar fashion, and mimic TMJ septic arthritis. Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly reported pathogen and often causes permanent joint damage. Aspiration and analysis of joint fluid, as well as blood chemistry, imaging studies, and clinical impression, may assist in the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for a successful outcome; therapy should include antimicrobial agents, adequate drainage, and resting of the joint. Complications include spread of infection, postinfectious bony changes, and fibrous (or bony) ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.
Effects of scopolamine on hippocampal theta and correlated discrimination performance.

Abstract Adey and his associates have postulated that theta reflects the active involvement of the hippocampus in the processing, storage and recall of information. This theory implies that if the appearance of theta is experimentally blocked, then behavior based on the recall of previously stored information will be adversely affected. The present research examined this implication. Theta blocking was accomplished by intraperitoneal administration of different dosages of scopolamine hydrobromide, and the effects of such theta blocking on performance of a previously mastered Adey-type discrimination task were assessed. Analysis of the results indicated that all doses of scopolamine suppressed hippocampal theta; however only the two highest doses of scopolamine resulted in a decrement of discrimination task performance. Under these stronger dosages, performance still remained at a high level indicating that discrimination capacities were not severely disrupted. The findings are interpreted as being inconsistent with Adey's interpretation of the significance of the hippocampal theta rhythm.
A comparison of two sets of synthetic reflection seismograms for a complex two‐dimensional model of the oceanic crust‐mantle transition

The algorithm chosen for the calculation of synthetic seismograms often represents a compromise between the realistic representation of complex geology and economy. Comparison of synthetic seismic reflection sections calculated using a relatively inexpensive ray theory and a relatively expensive generalized reflectivity algorithm for a complex, laterally inhomogeneous model of the oceanic Moho demonstrates that ray theory provides a close approximation to the full-wave theory. The chief difference between the two synthetic sections is the more accurate variation in amplitude with horizontal range predicted by the reflectivity synthetics, due to its inclusion of the horizontal smoothing of the reflected amplitudes over the width of the First Fresnel Zone. While this Fresnel zone smoothing will become increasingly important with increasing reflector depth, the results shown here suggest that inexpensive ray theory synthetics may have sufficient accuracy in many similar applications.
“Strain” differences in illness-induced taste aversion

Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, obtained from Blue Spruce Farms, and Sprague-Dawley rats, obtained from ARS/Sprague-Dawley, were compared in their aversion to a distinctly flavored drinking solution (CS) paired with injection of 10 or 20 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (UCS) or with injection of a vehicle placebo (25% ethanol). Placebo treatment did not induce any aversion to the CS, and the magnitude and duration of the conditioned avoidance response was directly related to the intensity of the UCS. At the low dose only, the SD/ARS rats displayed an aversion to the CS. At 20 mg/kg all groups showed an initial aversion to the CS. There were no differences between the two strains obtained from the same commercial supplier, but the SD/ARS animals showed a greater initial aversion and a more sustained response than the other two strains.
Organochlorine insecticide residues in amphibians and reptiles from Iowa and lizards from the southwestern United States.

Ecosystems are generally contaminated with low levels of organochlorine insecticide residues. Numerous reports of residues in biota include relatively little data for amphibians and reptiles. To help fill this void, specimens of amphibians and reptiles were collected from 2 agricultural areas of Iowa, and lizards were collected from nonagricultural areas in Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Iowa specimens came from a region with past use of organochlorine insecticides, particularly DDT as a general purpose insecticide and aldrin and heptachlor for control of soil-insect pests. CULLEY and APPLEGATE (1967) estimated insecticide concentrations in 3 species of lizards (checkered whiptail, Cnemidophorus tessellatus; western whiptail, ~. tigris; and little striped whiptail, ~. inornatus) collected from agricultural and desert areas in the vicinity of Presidio, TX. Residue data, presented as a composite for all 3 species of lizards and as mean concentrations of ~,~'-DDE (ppm) in 5 or 6 samples, were: 0.i to 7 (tail muscle), 0.3 to 3.8 (brain tissue), 0.i to 3.8 (liver), 5.4 to 46 (coelem fat bodies), and 0. i to 7.7 (stomach contents). There seemed to be little difference in concentrations between samples from various sites in cotton fields or
Field ion image qualities of Ga, In and Sn on W and work functions

Abstract It has been found previously that Ga, In and Sn form a pseudomorphic monolayer on W which maximizes the work function of the covered surface. In the present work the bright and sharp field ion images of the pseudomorphic monolayer are shown comparing the images of the substrate tungsten. The interesting finding is that the images of the covering layer are most distinct for Sn which gives rise to the largest increment in the work function, and are least for In which has the smallest work function increment. A simple calculation on the penetration probaility of an electron into the potential barrier between an imaging gas atom and a metal surface indicates that the probability increases significantly with the work function and consequently the covered area would be images brightly. The calculation also suggests that the work function, that is the surface charge distribution, is one of the key factors controlling the quality of the field ion images.
Experimental studies of 2,4-D herbicide drift characteristics

Abstract A field experiment was undertaken on the Hanford Reservation in eastern Washington State during 1975 to study techniques for maximizing herbicide applications from a spray airplane on the intended area and minimizing drift. The design of the experiment was unique in that all components of the herbicide release (i.e., target application, downwind drift and drift residues, and the vertical distribution of drift) were monitored. Several early morning experiments were conducted which were designed to compare drift characteristics of a fixed application with those of a test application for various nozzle systems and herbicide concentrations. The results of these experiments showed that the initial drift and drift deposit components for various application techniques varied by only a factor of two or so, depending on the production of smaller droplets. Meteorological conditions become increasingly important at greater downwind distances from the source. Furthermore, drift reduction was most effective under conditions of high relative humidities and cool temperatures. At large distances from the source, ground level drift was higher on stable than on unstable days. The experimental results emphasize the importance of measuring all components of herbicide release to achieve the stated objective of identifying techniques to maximize the target application and minimize drift.
Notes on Anderson's transition in a lattice model for topologically disordered systems

Abstract Using a lattice model in which the off-diagonal matrix elements of a tight binding Hamiltonian obey a hyperbolic distribution function, Anderson's transition in topologically disordered systems is predicted to occur at a critical density parameter ϱ c 1 3 a 0 = 0.22∼0.25 , a0 being an effective Bohr radius. A bond percolation model is discussed in connection with topologically disordered systems.
Algorithms for non-convexS n -games

We considerS-games in which the setS is the parametric curve{(p1(t),⋯, pn(t)): t ∈ [0, 1]} and thepi(t) are real polynomials. These games will be referred to asSn-games. Two iterative algorithms are given in the case ofn = 2. One gives linear convergence to an optimal of player I, and the other gives monotone convergence. In the case of arbitraryn we give an algorithm of the cutting plane family converging to the value. The principal features of this algorithm are that the hyperplanes arise intrinsically as tangents to an associated concave function which is not in general differentiable, and the linear subproblems arise as matrix games. Because of the latter property inactive constraints are in principle automatically dropped. We give a game theoretic convergence proof. This algorithm may be used multiply for bounding optimals of player I.
Nearest neighbor regression estimation for null-recurrent Markov time series

Abstract The past few years have witnessed the emergence of a vigorous literature seeking to exploit nonparametric estimation ideas in time-series contexts. As documented herein, in recent times, various mixing conditions postulated in the seminal investigations by Rosenblatt (1970) and Roussas (1969) have been relaxed. The present study assumes that the observed series is Markov with a time-invariant transition function, but does not postulate mixing conditions or that the coordinate process have a proper probability distribution. Thereby, our methodology encompasses random walks, for example. Nevertheless, a variation of the traditional nearest neighbor regression estimate is found to be pointwise consistent under useful conditional moment assumptions.
The dynamics of resting and postural tremor in Parkinson's disease

Abstract Objective : The study examines the time and frequency structure of Parkinson's disease tremor in patients that exhibit no clinical signs of tremor. Methods : Eight mild to moderate Parkinson's disease and 8 matched control subjects maintained their limb in a constant position (30 s) under a postural finger, postural hand and resting tremor condition. Finger acceleration from the middle phalange, electromyographic (EMG) activity from extensor digitorum communis and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) were recorded. Results : The data confirmed that there were no differences in the amount of limb motion and the modal frequency was around 9 Hz for each subject group. The time-dependent organization of tremor was more regular (lower approximate entropy [ApEn]) in Parkinson's disease. Both time and frequency analyses between the acceleration and extensor EMG signals demonstrate a reduction in the 20–25 Hz tremor component and an increase in the 8–12 Hz region of tremor. Conclusions : The results are discussed in relation to the proposal that increased regularity results from an increase in motor unit synchronization at 8–12 Hz and a reduction in the amplitude of the 20–25 Hz tremor component. The time and frequency structure of tremor may be useful in assessing individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Preparation of 3′-dinucleotides from homoribopolymers by digestion with micrococcal nuclease☆

Abstract Homoribopolymers (A, U, and C) were hydrolyzed with micrococcal nuclease under conditions resulting in maximum yield of 3′-dinucleotides. Dinucleotides were isolated by paper chromatography and free-flow electrophoresis with the following recoveries (in per cent absorbance): ApAp (28%), UpUp (38%), and CpCp (23%). The yields were reproducible and the purity of dinucleotides was ascertained by chromatographic, electrophoretic, and spectral criteria. The procedure lasted 1 to 3 days, depending on the amounts of polymer (1 to 50 mg) processed.
Bioprocessing of coal

Abstract A computer-assisted survey and evaluation of the international literature on microbial transformations of coal and relevant organic compounds was performed to identify candidate microorganisms and biological processes potentially applicable to coal bioprocessing. The vast majority of the literature on coal bioprocessing deals with desulphurization via pyrite removal, and some bioprocessing schemes have been proposed. Reports on organic sulphur and metals removal from coal have recently appeared. As yet unevaulated are systems for removal of other elements from coal such as oxygen and nitrogen. However, model substrates resembling certain important O and N functional groups in coal are degraded by microorganisms. These microorganisms could be potentially useful in coal bioprocessing.
Cerebral embolism resulting from a transvenous pacemaker catheter inadvertently placed in the left ventricle: a report of two cases confirmed by echocardiography.

Background: Transvenous pacemaker catheters may be placed unintentionally into the left ventricle. This can lead to thromboembolic complications. Methods and Results: We report two cases where pacemaker catheters placed unintentionally in the left ventricle via a patent foramen ovale resulted in cerebrovascular accidents. The malpositioned pacemaker catheters were demonstrated by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. In both patients, no further embolic events have occurred after treatment, which in one case consisted of pacemaker catheter removal and in the other case, anticoagulation. Conclusion: Echocardiography can be useful to confirm inadvertent left ventricular pacemaker placement in patients with pacemakers who have cerebrovascular accidents.
Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Study of Electronic and Geometrical Structures of MCH2+ Complex and its Reactivity with H2, Where M = Co, Rh, and Ir

By using CASSCF (for optimization of geometries) and MR-SDGI-CASSCF (for energies) methods we have studied and compared the mechanism of reaction MCH2+ + H2, as well as the electronic and geometrical structure of the MCH2+ complex, where M = Co, Rh, and Ir. It has been found that the mechanisms of reaction MCH2+ + H2 M+ + CH4 (1) for M = Co and Rh are similar and follow the path: MCH2++H2 (H2)MCH2+ [TS1, H2-activation] MCH4+ M+ + CH4. The key step is activation of the H-H bond, which has a barrier about twice as high for M = Co as for M = Rh; reaction (1) occurs more easily for M = Rh than M = Co. M = Ir completely changes the mechanism of reaction (1), which now follows the path: IrCH2+(3A2) + H2 (H2) IrCH2+(3A2) [TS1, H2-activation] (H)2 IrCH2+(1A') [TS2, H-migration] HIrCH3+(3A) [TS3, CH4-elimination] IrCH4+(3A2) Ir+(5F, s1d7) + CH4. The reaction (1) is exothermic for M = Co and Rh, but endothermic for M = Ir. For M = Co and Rh, the reverse reaction M+ + CH4 can give only one product MCH4+ and does not proceed further easily; for M = Co, at elevated temperature CoCH4+may give CoH+ and CoCH3+. However, for M = Ir the reverse reaction can proceed further to give hydridomethyl HIrCH3+ and bishydrido (H)2CH2+ complexes, as well as IrCH4+.
Moral Emotions, Emotion Self-Regulation, Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Problem Behavior in Children of Incarcerated Mothers

Children with incarcerated mothers are at high risk for developing problem behaviors. Fifty children (6–12 years; 62% girls) participated in summer camps, along with adult mentors. Regression analyses of child and adult measures of child’s emotion self-regulation and callous-unemotional traits, and a child measure of moral emotions, showed that poor emotion regulation, along with low levels of guilt and high levels of shame, predicted children’s externalizing behaviors, while only low levels of guilt predicted a unique subset of child characteristics called callous-unemotional traits. Children who experienced healthy guilt for misdeeds were better able to control their behavior. Adults noted the ability of children with callous/unemotional traits to manage and regulate their emotions, while poor emotion regulation was more predictive of the cluster of externalizing problems. Discussion focuses on prevention efforts aimed at teaching emotion self-regulation and the implications of the high levels of callous-unemotional traits in this population of children.
Erratum to “Pharmacophore modeling strategies for the development of novel nonsteroidal inhibitors of human aromatase (CYP19)” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20 (2010) 3050]

Erratum Erratum to ‘‘Pharmacophore modeling strategies for the development of novel nonsteroidal inhibitors of human aromatase (CYP19)” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 20 (2010) 3050] Yagmur Muftuoglu , Gabriela Mustata b,* Departments of Biophysics and Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltmore, MD 21218, United States Department of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States