cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroid-induced cleft lip in mice: A teratologic, topographic, and histologic investigation

Unlike cleft palate, relatively few teratogens have been found to induce cleft lip in mice. The present study was designed to assess the teratologic, topographic (SEM), and histologic effects on lip morphogenesis following the administration of triamcinolone hexacetonide on the eighth day of gestation. The frequency of cleft lip in treated A/J mice was found to be more than three times greater than the spontaneous frequency in untreated controls. Comparable studies with other murine strains suggest no association between the cleft lip response and either a maternal effect or the H-2 complex. Affected A/J embryos showed a severe reduction in the size of the lateral nasal processes; affected embryos also demonstrated localized cell type-specific alterations, particularly in the epithelia and at the interface between epithelium and mesenchyme.
Matrix metalloproteinases and mesangial remodeling in light chain-related glomerular damage

Matrix metalloproteinases and mesangial remodeling in light chain-related glomerular damage. Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the zinc endopeptidase subgroup of the metalloproteinase superfamily and are primarily involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Alterations of the mesangial ECM in AL-amyloidosis (AL-Am) and light chain deposition disease (LCDD) are crucial in their pathogeneses as two divergent entities. Methods Protein expression patterns of five MMPs (MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, and 9) in renal tissues obtained from autopsies and kidney biopsies, and cultured human mesangial cells (HMCs) treated with light chains obtained from the urines of patients with AL-Am and LCDD were analyzed. MMP mRNA expressions were determined in glomeruli following laser capture microdissection and selective MMP microarray. Zymography was used to assess MMP activity. Results The average glomerular MMP expression was 6 times greater in AL-Am than LCDD and negative control renal tissues with different expression profiles: MMP-1, 7 > 9 > 3 > 2, MMP-1 > 2, 9 > 3 > 7, and MMP-2, 3, 7 > 9 > 1, respectively. Microdissected glomeruli and HMCs treated with light chains expressed higher levels of MMP mRNA and proteins in AL-Am than LCDD. Zymography was used to assess activity demonstrating increased MMP-2 in AL-Am. Conclusion Altered expressions of MMPs play a key role in the pathogenesis of AL-Am and LCDD. MMPs were more highly expressed in AL-Am compared to LCDD.
Comparison of transition state theory rate constants for internal conformational motion with those obtained from molecular dynamics simulations

The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are compared to transition state theory estimations for formation of conformational defects in a polymer crystal. The rates of conformational defect formation and destruction are obtained in terms of a distribution over possible conformational states. The rate constant obtained by this method, when normalized by the number of possible defect sites, is independent of the size of the system, in apparent contrast with the results of MD simulations. The difference is interpreted in terms of the effective temperature of the MD calculation.
School psychology—why is the profession dying?

The state of the profession is addressed as it relates to training, practice, certification, and its professional identity. It is suggested that death of the profession is imminent unless the profession is upgraded and a new image and role are surfaced. One of the problems is that since the passing of current judicial and legislative acts PL 93-380 and 94-142, the traditional role of psychologists is no longer tenable, and new ways of behaving are required which have implications for training and practice. Survival through rebirth can occur, and new directions are suggested for the profession to consider in reassessing its new and changing role.
Accelerated degradation of essential fatty acids as acomplication of phototherapy

12. Brown ER, Stark A, Sosenko I, et al: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Possible relationship to pulmonary edema. J PEDIATR 92:982, 1978. 13. Polgar G: Airway resistance in the newborn infant. J PEDIATR 59:915, 1961. 14. Karlberg P, Koch G: Respiratory studies on newborn infants. 111. Acta Paediatr Scand (Suppl) 135:i21, 1962. 15. Hjalmarson O, Olsson T: Mechanics of breathing in newborn infants with pulmonary disease, llI. Acta Paediatr Scand (Suppl) 247:26, 1974. 16. Doershuk CF, Matthews LW: Airway resistance and lung volume in the newborn infant. Pediatr Res 3:128, 1969.
Prediction of the thermal conductivity of liquids and liquid mixtures including crude oil fractions

Une nouvelle methode basee sur le nombre de carbone efficace est presentee pour la prediction de la conductivite thermique de liquides et de melanges liquides. Le nombre de carbone efficace pour chaque substance revetant un interet peut etre calcule a partir de sa conductivite thermique a une temperature reduite de 0.6. Les conductivites thermiques des isoalkanes, des cycloalkanes, des aromatiques, des alkanes, des acides carboxyliques, des cetones, des esters et des aldehydes sur une large gamme de temperatures, ont ete predits grâce a cette methode et les resultats ont ete compares aux valeurs experimentales. Les conductivites thermiques des melanges definis ont egalement ete predites a l'aide d'une regle de melange quadratique pour le nombre de carbone efficace. Enfin, les conductivites thermiques de melanges non definis tels que les fractions de petrole brut ont ete calculees en traitant chaque fraction comme un pseudo-composant unique. Dans tous les cas etudies, les resultats calcules se comparent favorablement aux valeurs experimentales
As, Se, and Re Sorption by Mg-Al Layered Double Hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have high anion exchange capacities and are easily synthesized in the laboratory, giving them considerable potential as adsorbents for anionic contaminants in the environment. In this study, sorption of arsenate, selenate, and perrhenate by uncalcined Mg-Al LDH (Mg:Al ratio 2.4:1) was evaluated. To investigate sorption mechanisms, the substrate was added to the solution both as a pre-wetted slurry (allowing 24 hours for rehydration), and as a dry powder. Sorption results varied for different anionic complexes. For selenate and perrhenate, an incubation time was required for the dry material to achieve the same Kd value as the pre-wetted material. For arsenate, however, both wetted and dry materials initially had high Kds, which decreased with time. These behaviors are attributed to the structural reconstruction of the calcined LDH material in solution. Se and Re are not highly sorbed by the phases present in the calcined material, but are incorporated as interlayer anions in the LDH structure upon hydration and reconstruction, while As may be sorbing onto the dehydration products, and being partially released during rehydration.
Low Density Parity Check Codes with Non-Equiprobable Symbols

In this letter, we analyze how to decode LDPC codes with non-equiprobable binary symbols. For such symbols, we need to modify the conventional Tanner graph, because the message passing from check nodes to information bits and to parity check bits are diverse. In other words, in conventional Tanner graph, the message passing along two directions are identical, while in our case, the message along the forward direction and backward direction are different. A method to optimize signaling constellation which maximizes the channel mutual information is presented as well. In the numerical section, symbols with prior probabilities (0.3,0.7) could gain 0.72 dB in performance if we replace equal space constellation with optimal constellation. Several cases of short LDPC codes (N, K =1024, 512) are explored and gain almost 0.4 dB. The simulation shows that additional gain of only 0.2 dB could be attainable, if optimal source coding is achievable.
Association of complications with blood transfusions in pediatric cardiac surgery patients.

Background Blood product transfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass has been demonstrated to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adult cardiac surgery populations. The aim of this study was to characterize the risk-adjusted occurrence of postoperative complications and mortality in relation to intraoperative blood product transfusion in our pediatric cardiac surgery population. Methods A retrospective review was performed on 1,631 consecutive cardiopulmonary bypass cases to determine the effects of intraoperative blood product transfusion on selected outcomes. After adjusting for patient and operative risk factors, multivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between blood product transfusion and postoperative complications. Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship of packed red blood cell transfusion to hospital length of stay. Results Red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma transfusion was associated with pulmonary complications (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.28; p = 0.03). Red blood cell transfusion also correlated with prolonged hospital stay ( p p = 0.01), but decreased incidence of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.23 to 0.85; p = 0.02). Platelet transfusion was associated with decreased 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.93; p = 0.04), but not overall mortality. Conclusions Blood product transfusion was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and prolonged hospital length of stay, but not overall mortality. These findings suggest that minimizing blood product transfusion would be beneficial in the pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass surgery patient population.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIENT AGE AND COUNSELOR TRAINEES’ PERCEPTIONS OF PRESENTING PROBLEMS, THERAPEUTIC METHODS, AND PROGNOSES

Research has indicated that counselor perceptions of older adults may influence therapeutic methods. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between client age and counselors’ perceptions of presenting problems, severity of problems, prognoses, and use of therapeutic techniques. Recommendations for client‐counselor compatibility were also evaluated. Counselors were presented with introductory counseling situations that varied by age of client. Participants were then asked to complete questionnaires designed for the purposes of the study variables. Results indicated a significant relationship between the age of the client and the recommended age of the counselor. Other significant differences included therapeutic strategies employed and number of client problems identified. Implications for counselor education are discussed.
SU-FF-I-82: Variability and Accuracy of Standardized Uptake Values in FDG PET Scans

Purpose: The standard uptake value (SUV) in FDG PETimages is used in defining tumor volumes. In lungtumors, an SUV greater than 2.5 may be assumed as tumor. This investigation sought to (1) establish a threshold SUV above which there is significant FDG uptake, and (2) determine other variables leading to inaccuracies in SUV. Method and Materials: Phantoms (SUV calibration,SPECT, and anthropomorphic with heart and lung inserts) with known activity 18F‐FDG concentrations were placed end‐to‐end to simulate a patient torso of 70 cm. A PETsystem with GSO detectors and Cs‐137 transmission source was evaluated. The activities used, scan and transmission imaging protocols simulated those used clinically. The SUV phantom served as reference and had a SUV = 1.0. Ten ml phantom aliquots were counted separately to determine true activity concentrations. Results: Three times the noise level of the SUV phantom images determined the threshold for significant SUV. Regions in the SUV phantom yielded a SUV of 0.96 +− 7.7%, and a 1.18 SUV threshold. For 1 2 activity used clinically, the noise was 12%. The average SUV was the highest at the phantom centers with a range of inaccuracy of at most 20%, attributed to errors in the image reconstruction scatter correction algorithm. Additional errors include incorrect activity and scanner calibrations, and patient weight measurements. These errors can be reduced to very low levels with careful protocol control. Conclusion: This study yielded a threshold of significant SUV of 1.2, but depends on starting activity. Inaccuracies in the reconstruction lead to further variability in the SUV and was 20% in this study. If This inaccuracy level implies that a threshold of 3.0 should be used instead of 2.5. Similar measurements should be carried out on other PET scanners to determine the limits of SUV delectability and accuracy.
Patient behaviors associated with weight regain after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

Summary Background Patients undergoing gastric bypass lose substantial weight, but 20% regain weight starting at 2 years after surgery. Our objective was to identify behavioral predictors of weight regain after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Methods We retrospectively surveyed 197 patients for factors predictive of weight regain (≥15% from lowest weight to weight at survey completion). Consecutive patients who had bariatric surgery from 1/2003 through 12/2008 were identified from an existing database. Response rate was 76%, with 150 patients completing the survey. Results Follow-up after LRYGB was 45.0 ± 12.7 months, 22% of patients had weight regain. After controlling for age, gender, and follow-up time, factors associated with weight regain included low physical activity (odds ratio (OR) 6.92, P = 0.010), low self-esteem (OR 6.86, P = 0.008), and Eating Inventory Disinhibition (OR 1.30, P = 0.029). Conclusions Physical activity, self-esteem, and maladaptive eating may be associated with weight regain after LRYGB. These factors should be addressed in prospective studies of weight loss following bariatric surgery, as they may identify patients at risk for weight regain who may benefit from tailored interventions.
The osmotic and activity coefficients of some guanidinium salts at 298.15 K

Abstract Osmotic and activity coefficients are reported for aqueous solutions of six guanidinium salts at (298.15 ± 0.01) K, and these coefficients are compared with those of other uni-univalent electrolytes. The results are consistent with previously reported spectral results that indicated hydrogen bonding of guanidinium ion with chloride ion in aqueous solutions.
Factors contributing to the poor bulk behavior of meat and bone meal and methods for improving these behaviors.

Meat and bone meal (MBM), a product of the rendering industry, is a potential feedstock for numerous bio-based applications. Design of processing equipment for MBM is diYcult due to MBM’s bulk behaviors; it Xows less easily than many other granular materials, and it tends to foul the surfaces of processing equipment. This study examines the major factors contributing to MBM’s poor bulk behavior, including moisture content, fat content, particle size distribution and temperature, and the relative importance of these factors. Potential methods for improving MBM’s bulk properties, including use of an anti-caking agent, dehydration, fat extraction, milling and refrigeration are also studied. The eVects of these factors were determined by a standard laboratory measurement, the Hausner ratio, as well as by the rate of surface-fouling and dust generation using a pilot-scale aspirator. In contrast to past studies with other granular materials, moisture content was shown to have an insigniWcant eVect on MBM’s bulk behavior. The results, however, show that MBM fat content is a major determinant of the bulk behavior of the MBM. Reduction of fat content resulted in major changes in MBM’s bulk behavior, by all measures used. Less dramatic changes were achieved through refrigeration to solidify the fat and/or treatment with an anti-caking agent. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Evaluation of the proliferation marker MIB-1 in the prognosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma.

BACKGROUND The proliferation marker MIB-1, which recognizes the Ki-67 antigen, provides independent prognostic information in several tumor types. Its utility in melanoma has been evaluated mostly in studies of thick primary tumors. Its usefulness in thinner lesions has not been assessed adequately. METHODS A well characterized cohort of 137 patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma at the New York University School of Medicine between 1972 and 1982 was studied based on the availability of representative tissues and adequate clinical follow-up. Twenty-one tumors were less than or equal to 1.0 mm thick, 94 were between 1.01 and 4.0 mm thick, and 22 were thicker than 4.0 mm. Tumor cell proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody MIB-1. MIB-1 expression was correlated with baseline clinicopathologic parameters, as well as recurrence (RR), disease-free (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates. Median follow-up among survivors was 6.5 years (range, 5.6–17.5). RESULTS High proliferative index, defined as 20% or more of tumor cells showing nuclear immunoreactivity, was observed in 65 of 137 (47.4%) cases. High proliferative index was significantly correlated with increased tumor thickness (P < 0.001) and higher stage (P = 0.03). Trends approaching statistical significance were observed with ulceration of the primary tumor (P = 0.09), male gender (P = 0.06), and shorter DFS (P = 0.12). No significant associations were seen between high proliferative index and RR or OS. In multivariate analyses, tumor thickness was the strongest predictor of clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS In primary cutaneous melanoma, a high proliferative index is associated with clinicopathologic parameters predictive of worse clinical outcomes. However, it was not an independent predictor of clinical outcome. Cancer 2002;95:634–40. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10685
Effects of Bragg diffraction on stimulated backward Brillouin scattering

A perturbation analysis for stimulated backward Brillouin scattering (SBBS) in single-mode optical fibres is presented. Expressions for the effects of Bragg diffraction on the gain and threshold of SBBS are derived. The relation between the threshold of SBBS and the Bragg diffraction is reported for the first time. The authors have found that the strong Bragg diffraction increases the Brillouin gain and decreases the threshold of SBBS. >
Variation in Enterotoxigenicity of Escherichia coli

The possibility that the variable severity of diarrheal disease due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli might be explained by quantitative differences in the activity of heat-labile enterotoxin was examined. The amount of toxin secreted by 13 enteropathogenic strains of E. coli was quantitated by measurement of the toxin-dependent increase in adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The activity ranged from 150 pmol of cyclic AMP/ml per mg of protein to 4,040 pmol/ml per mg. With three representative strains there was good correlation -0.999; P < 0.05) between the amounts of cyclic AMP accumulated intracellularly (4,040, 2,071, and 470 pmol of cyclic AMP/m1 per mg of protein) and the ability of the filtrate to distend the rabbit ileal loop, as measured by the amounts of toxin required to produce half-maximal distension (50% effective dose, which had values of 11.5, 27.5, and 38.5 mg, respectively). The observed strain-to-strain variation in toxin activity may explain the variation in severity of diarrheal disease caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli. Several attempts have been made to determine the frequency of isolation of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from patients with diarrheal disease in different populations [1, 2]. In the United States the rate of isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli from children with nonspecific diarrhea varies from zero to 83% [3, 4]. The different incidences may reflect a variation in the sensitivity and/or specificity of the assay systems employed for detection of isolates producing heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). Furthermore, the diarrhea associated with these organisms in children in the United States does not appear to be as severe as that
Ideal representations of lexicographic orderings and base-2 expansions of integer variables

Abstract We use minimal cover and set covering inequalities to define the convex hulls of special sets of binary vectors that are lexicographically lower and upper bounded by given vectors. These convex hulls are used to obtain ideal representations for base-2 expansions of bounded integer variables, and also to afford a new perspective on, and extend convex hull results for, binary knapsack polytopes having weakly super-decreasing coefficients. Computational experience for the base-2 expansions exhibits, on average, a 60% reduction in effort.
A spatio‐temporal analysis of ‘Oro cult marae in the’ Opunohu Valley, Mo'orea, Society Islands

A new war cult dedicated to the god 'Oro emerged in late prehistory in the Society Islands and was linked to shifts in temple architecture, religious rituals, and sacred regalia. Legends suggest that this war cult developed in the Leeward Islands and was translocated to the Windward group prior to European contact. This article summarizes ethnohistoric data for the 'Oro war cult, including its relationship to new temple styles in the Windward group constructed from worked rounded stones. Such temples are found in both inland and coastal contexts. Extant chronological data on Windward marae of the 'Oro style are synthesized. A new spatio-temporal case study of four 'Oro style temples from the 'Opunohu Valley, Mo'orea demonstrates considerable variability in temple morphology and chronology. This is linked to differences among socio-political maneuverings of high status lineage chiefs versus lower status lineage chiefs in the 'Opunohu Valley and perhaps to functional variation among the types of 'Oro style marae structures found in inland contexts. The new chronology suggests a rapid translocation of the 'Oro style war cult into the Windward group, somewhat earlier than previous archaeological work had suggested.
A study of caprock hydromechanical changes associated with CO2-injection into a brine formation

A numerical study of hydromechanical changes during a deep underground injection of supercritical CO2 in a hypothetical brine aquifer/caprock system is conducted. The injection process is simulated using a newly developed computer model for multi-phase analysis of CO2 and brine water flow, coupled with heat transfer and rock deformations. In this modeling, CO2 is injected at a constant rate over a 10-year period at a depth of 1,300–1,500 m. The injection zone is overlain by a 100-m-thick caprock, located at 1,200–1,300 m, which in one of the studied cases is intersected by a vertical fault. The hydraulic, mechanical as well as hydromechanical responses caused by the injection are studied. This includes the spread of the CO2 plume, effective stress changes, ground surface uplift, stress-induced permeability changes, and mechanical failure analysis. The analysis shows that most hydromechanical changes are induced in the lower part of the caprock near its contact with the injection zone, whereas the sealing mechanism of the upper part may remain intact, despite an injection pressure close to the lithostratic stress value.
Phylogeny of the dragonfly genus Sympetrum (Odonata: Libellulidae)

The libellulid dragonfly genus Sympetrum has been recognized since 1833, but lacks any morphological synapomorphies to unite the taxon. Previous researchers have disagreed over which species belong in Sympetrum, bringing the monophyly of the genus into question. We use DNA sequence data from 6 genetic loci (16S, tRNA-valine, 12S, elongation factor 1 alpha, cytochrome oxidase subunit I, and the second internal transcribed spacer region) and 25 morphological characters (mainly genitalic) to test the monophyly of Sympetrum with Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses. Under Bayesian inference, all Sympetrum species included in this study form a clade, which also contains the Hawaiian monotypic genus Nesogonia, often considered a close relative of Sympetrum. Phylogenetic analyses also reveal at least six strongly supported clades (treated as species groups) within Sympetrum, but relationships between these species groups remain unresolved or unsupported. Although the relationships between Sympetrum species groups remain unresolved, several species groups include taxa from multiple biogeographic regions/continents, and the species group sister to the rest of Sympetrum contains migratory species from the New World and Africa. This pattern suggests a complex biogeographic history in Sympetrum shaped by vicariance and dispersal. Preliminary estimates of the divergence dates of Sympetrum species groups outline a rapid radiation of the groups approximately 32-38 million years ago, possibly influenced by cooling and drying climates of the late Eocene and early Oligocene.
Primary Care Ethics

Deborah Bowman & John SpicerOxford & New York: Radcliffe, 2007224 pp., £24.95ISBN-10: 1 85775 730 0The field of biomedical ethics has largely been shaped by moral principles and dilemmas associated...
ecological niche theory in sociocultural anthropology: a conceptual framework and an application1

The concept of “ecological niche” is frequently employed in sociocultural anthropology, but there have been few systematic applications of it. This paper examines the utility of the concept for the analysis of social interaction and change, with special reference to complex societies. In a small agricultural valley of northern California, competition between two status groups over a scarce resource—land—has led to displacement and changing patterns of resource use. “Niche” describes the aggregate outcome of underlying processes of competition on the individual level.
Revision of the earthworm genus Archipheretima Michaelsen (Clitellata: Megascolecidae), with descriptions of new species from Luzon and Catanduanes Islands, Philippines

Abstract A revision of Archipheretima (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) based on all available type material and the description of five new species modifies the genus diagnosis in the following points: Archipheretima have calciferous lamellar regions of the esophagus in the region of segments xi–xiii, paired supraesophageal vessels with connectives to the calciferous lamellae, hearts of xiii attached post-septally, multiple paired dorsolateral intestinal caeca, and usually very sparse dorsal setae. Blue coloration is common to all the species described, and probably to the other known species. Non-Philippine species previously assigned to the genus are excluded by this diagnosis; as a result, the new combinations Polypheretima picta (Michaelsen, 1892) and P. beccarii (Cognetti, 1909) are proposed. The new species are named Archipheretima gritzae, A. middletoni, A. ricei, A. cofini, and A. pandanophila. They were collected only on Luzon Island, except A. gritzae which also occurs on Catanduanes. The redefined Archipheretima is a biogeographically and morphologically homogenous taxon.
She Died for Love and He for Glory: Gender Myths of Suicidal Behavior

Epidemiological studies have long reported that, in North America, patterns of suicidal behavior differ by gender: women “attempt” suicide; men “complete” suicide. Theories of suicidal behavior also differ according to gender. Traditionally, women are said to be suicidal for love; men, for pride and performance. Are these gender differences “real?” Are women's attempts “failed” suicides? Do suicidal men “succeed” when they kill themselves? Is women's self-definition dependent on love? Is men's dependent on performance? Evidence currently available does not support traditional theories of gender and suicidal behavior. As culturally shared assumptions, however, traditional theories may influence the suicidal choices of women and men, as well as the assumptions and research methods of suicidologists.
The role of glucose in insulin-induced feeding and drinking

The greater the dose of insulin given in a single injection the deeper the induced hypoglycaemia, whereas over the same dose range the amount of eating elicited comes to a maximum and then declines. The maximum rate of insulin-induced drinking occurs during rapid fall in blood glucose concentration but the induced eating coincides with a period of relatively constant blood glucose concentration. Injection of concentrated glucose with the insulin delays the induction of feeding, but co-injection of approximately isotonic glucose gives shorter feeding latencies than co-injection of more dilute solutions. Glucose ingestion at the time of insulin injection, but not before or after, eliminates induced feeding. Gastric intubation of glucose can block both eating and drinking responses to insulin. Unmetabolizable 3-methylglucose is not so effective at blocking the eating. Glycerol diminishes and intragastric palmitate augments the induced feeding. It is suggested that elicitation of eating by injected insulin is mediated by metabolic signals generated by adaptation to changed body glucose distribution.
Climate Change and Marine Fish Distributions: Forecasting from Historical Analogy

Abstract Analyses of 36 fish and squid species sampled in standardized bottom-trawl surveys of the northwest Atlantic Ocean (1967–present) revealed a continuum of distributional responses associated with seasonal and annual variations in water temperature. Mean and maximum latitude of occurrence of the species were regressed against average surface- and bottom-water temperatures and indices of relative abundance from spring and autumn trawl surveys. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) regression models were fitted for 17 of 36 species from spring and fall survey data. Variations in water temperature were significant in explaining changes in mean latitude of occurrence for 12 of 36 species in both seasons. Maximum latitude distribution responses to interannual differences in water temperatures occurred for pelagic species, including Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus and Atlantic herring Clupea harengus. Weighted mean catches of these species shifted poleward by 0.5–0.8 degree of latitude for each 1°C increase in avera...
MODIS Land Surface Temperature as an index of surface air temperature for operational snowpack estimation

Abstract Regional operational modeling systems that support forecasters for the real-time warning of flash flood events often suffer from lack of adequate real-time surface air temperature data to force their accumulation and ablation snow model. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) product from MODIS, which provides four instantaneous readings per day, was tested for its feasibility to be used in real-time to derive spatially distributed surface air temperature (Ta) forcing for the operational snow model. The study was conducted in the Southeast region of Turkey using an atypically dense network of hourly Ta, daily snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and rainfall datasets for the period: October 2002–September 2010. A comparison between the Ta and the corresponding LST grid-cell data indicated close associations that are different in nature for periods with and without snow on the ground. The LST-derived Ta was compared with that obtained from on-site gauge-based interpolation procedures and climatological time series. The LST-derived Ta was found inferior only to the Ta derived from the interpolation of the dense gauge network (31-gauges). Snow-pack simulations using estimated Ta time series were compared to simulations that were forced by the observed Ta at each site of 18 sites. The LST-derived Ta performed well in simulating snow mass and maximum SWE magnitude, while it did not represent well the timing of the annual peak of SWE and the duration of spring melt. Our study concluded that the MODIS/LST product can be a valuable additional source of real time forcing data for regional operational snow models, especially in remote mountainous areas with sparse telemetric data.
Characteristics of an inelastic vertex from Hadron-Hadron scattering

Inelastic π−p events at 25 GeV/c are selected to enhance the likehood of single-particle fragmentation. The fragmentation vertex is studied as a function of momentum transfer, effective mass and multiplicity. The t-dependence of the inelastic vertex suggests a point-like interaction, and the triple Regge-formalism shows promise for describing the M∗ dependence.
In situ measurements of sediment compressional and shear wave properties in Currituck Sound

This paper reports in situ measurements of compressional and shear wave speed and attenuation collected below the sediment-water interface in Currituck Sound, North Carolina. Three measurement locations having distinctly different sediment types will be presented: (1) a near shore site with coarse sand, (2) a shallow-water site with silty fine-grained sand, and (3) an offshore site with loamy clay. At each site, grab samples were collected and later analyzed in the laboratory to quantify physical properties of the sediment, including grain size, density, and porosity. The in situ acoustic data were acquired using two measurement systems, each consisting of four probes mounted on a rigid frame. The shear wave system consisted of bimorph elements to generate and receive horizontally polarized shear waves; the compressional wave system was composed of cylindrically shaped piezoelectric elements. Both systems were manually inserted into the sediment, and waveforms were recorded by shipboard equipment. The measured wave speeds and attentions are compared to predicted values from one or more sediment models using the measured physical properties as inputs. The Biot-Stoll model, grain-shearing theory, Mallock-Wood equation, and card-house theory are considered for this analysis. [Work supported by ERDC, ARL:UT, and ONR.]
Inactivation of influenza virus with sulfur and nitrogen mustards.

ConclusionsInfluenza virus was rendered noninfectious for mice by in vitro exposure to relatively high concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen mustards. Concentrations of the mustards that abolished infectivity did not reduce the ability of the virus to agglutinate erythrocytes. The parenteral administration of nitrogen mustard had no effect on the course of infection with influenza virus in mice.
Frequent Hemodialysis Graft Thrombosis: Association With Antiphospholipid Antibodies

We present two cases of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and end-stage renal disease. Both were on hemodialysis and had multiple arteriovenous graft thromboses associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. A review of patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus reveals that all had borderline or frankly elevated antiphospholipid antibody titers, and four of the seven patients had multiple graft thromboses. Possible etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.
Lessons learned: the effect of prior technology use on Web-based interventions.

ABSTRACT This study examined the role of regular prior technology use in treatment response to an online family problem-solving (OFPS) intervention and an Internet resource intervention (IRI) for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 150 individuals in 40 families of children with TBI randomly assigned to OFPS intervention or an IRI. All families received free computers and Internet access to TBI resources. OFPS families received Web-based sessions and therapist-guided synchronous videoconferences focusing on problem solving, communication skills, and behavior management. All participants completed measures of depression, anxiety, and computer usage. OFPS participants rated treatment satisfaction, therapeutic alliance, and Web site and technology comfort. With the OFPS intervention, depression and anxiety improved significantly more among technology using parents (n = 14) than nontechnology users (n = 6). Technology users reported increasing comfort with technology over time, and this ...
Dipole source localization by mottled sculpin. I. Approach strategies.

Lake Michigan mottled sculpin respond to a chemically-inert vibrating sphere (a dipole source) with an initial orientation towards the source followed by a step-wise progression towards and final strike at the source. An analysis of videotape recordings of this behavior indicate that although pathways to the source varied, they tended to be influenced by the fish's position at signal onset. Fish heading toward the source at signal onset approached the source in an indirect fashion by either (a) keeping the source to one side in a smoothly arching path to the source or (b) alternating between keeping the source to the left and to the right. When the source was to the side of the fish at the time of stimulus onset, fish tended to approach the source in a more direct path. Most (79%) initial orienting responses placed the fish within 45° of the source, but response angles were not strongly correlated with initial source angle. Most (83%) unsuccessful strikes (misses) occurred when the source was directly in front of the fish (± 20°) and source angles associated with misses were significantly smaller than source angles associated with successful strikes. Approach strategies used by mottled sculpin in finding dipole sources appear to include (1) moving in a direction that increases the pressure difference along the head while keeping it consistently low (between 1 and 10 Pa) across the head, (2) narrowing the fish-to-source gap with each successive step in the pathway, (3) keeping the source lateralized (on average, 30° to one or the other side of the head) and (4) avoiding approach positions that are perpendicular to the flow line or that place the fish in the pressure null area of the dipole field. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that spatial excitation patterns along the lateral line system play a major role in encoding both source direction and distance.
Alginate Texturization of Highly Acid Fruit Pulps and Juices

Apple pulp and reconstituted grapefruit juice were provided as texturized alginate gels at concentrations of 5–96%, after pH adjustment. The resulting products had appreciable mechanical integrity even at very high pulp or juice concentration. Their texture, judged by compressive strength, strain at failure, and deformability modulus was improved considerably by dipping in calcium lactate solution. The original pH of the fruit could be restored by a dip in a citric acid solution without adverse effects on texture.
Dispersion—An Entropy Generator of Diffusion

In multicomponent gaseous flows with chemical reactions, diffusion is usually considered to be a single-source entropy generator. Introducing the concept of dispersion, where the atom balance is dominant rather than the molecular, shows in an ideal setting that, even when there is diffusion, the dispersion part of entropy generation can be reduced to zero by proper choice of species flow velocities. Fuel cells and methane reformers are employed as examples to illustrate these concepts.
APLGOL, an experimental structured programming language

An experimental programming language called APLGOL adds structured programming facilities to the existing framework of APL. The conventional semantics of APL is unaltered and only minor changes are incorporated in the syntax. The advantages of the proposed interstatement structuring and control are outlined.
Atomic limits in the search for galactic dark matter

Direct searches for low mass dark matter particles via scattering off target nuclei require detection of recoiling atoms with energies of ~1 keV or less. The amount of electronic excitation produced by such atoms is quenched relative to a recoiling electron of the same energy. The Lindhard model of this quenching, as originally formulated, remains widely used after more than 50 years. The present work shows that for very small energies, a simplifying approximation of that model must be removed. Implications for the sensitivity of direct detection experiments are discussed.
An Interactive Design Space Supporting Development of Vehicle Architecture Concept Models

Due to a lack of suitable analysis tools, automotive engineers are often forced to forego quantitative optimization early in the development process, when fundamental decisions establishing vehicle architecture are made. This lack of tools arises because traditional analysis models require detailed geometric descriptions of components and assembly joints in order to yield accurate results, but this information is simply not available early in the development cycle. Optimization taking place later in the cycle usually occurs at the detail design level, and tends to result in expedient solutions to performance problems that might have been more effectively addressed at the architecture level. Alternatively, late-cycle architecture changes may be imposed, but such modifications are equivalent to a huge optimization cycle covering almost the entire design process, and require discarding the detail design work used originally as the basis of the NVH model. Optimizing at the architecture level can both shorten and improve the results of a vehicle development process. In this paper we describe the requirements and implementation of a user interface for a software package supporting vehicle architecture conceptual design and analysis.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Development of ZnO:Ga as an ultra-fast scintillator

We report on several methods for synthesizing the ultra-fast scintillator ZnO(Ga), and measurements of the resulting products. This material has characteristics that make it an excellent alpha detector for tagging the time and direction of individual neutrons produced by t-d and d-d neutron generators (associated particle imaging). The intensity and decay time are strongly dependent on the method used for dopant incorporation. We compare samples made by diffusion of Ga metal to samples made by solid state reaction between ZnO and Ga2O3 followed by reduction in hydrogen. The latter is much more successful and has a pure, strong near-band-edge fluorescence and an ultra-fast decay time of the x-ray-excited luminescence. The luminescence increases dramatically as the temperature is reduced to 10K. We also present results of an alternate low-temperature synthesis that produces luminescent particles with a more uniform size distribution. We examine possible mechanisms for the bright near-band-edge scintillation and favor the explanation that it is due to the recombination of Ga3+ donor electrons with ionization holes trapped on H+ ion acceptors.
Organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels of children in farmworker households in eastern North Carolina

Background Organophosphorus (OP) pesticide urinary metabolite levels in a sample of farmworker children in North Carolina are documented and compared to national reference data. The relative importance of para-occupational, residential, and environment risk factors are delineated. Methods Urine samples were collected from 60 farmworker children 1–6 years of age, and interviews were completed by their mothers. Urine samples were analyzed for the dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides. Summed molar concentrations of the diethyl and dimethyl DAP metabolites provided summary measures. Results The farmworker children had relatively high levels of OP pesticide urinary metabolites compared to national reference data; for example, participating children had higher geometric means for diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and the summed diethyl metabolites. However, analyses found no pattern of significant associations between predictors and metabolite levels. Conclusions Future research requires greater precision in sampling and measurement to determine the risk factors for pesticide exposure among farmworker children. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
If a Tree Falls in the Wilderness: Reparations, Academic Silences, and Social Justice.

If a fellow Hebrew, a man or a woman, sells himself to you and serves you six years, in the seventh year you must let him go free. And when you release him, do not send him away empty-handed. Supply him liberally from your flock, your threshing floor and your winepress. Give to him as the Lord your God has blessed you. Remember that you were slaves in Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you. That is why I give you this command ... Do not consider it a hardship to set your servant free, because his service to you these six years has been worth twice as much as that of a hired hand. And the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do. (Deuteronomy, 15:12-18)
Reduction of residual ridges: a major oral disease entity.

Abstract 1.Reduction of residual ridges (RRR) needs to be recognized for what it is: a major unsolved oral disease which causes physical, psychologic, and economic problems for millions of people all over the world. 2.RRR is a chronic, progressive, irreversible, and disabling disease, probably of multifactorial origin. At the present time, the relative importance of various cofactors is not known. 3.Much is known about the pathology and the pathophysiology of this oral disease, but we need to know much more about its pathogenesis, epidemiology, and etiology. 4.The ultimate goal of research of RRR is to find better methods of prevention or control of the disease. 5.Over 25 million Americans are estimated to be totally edentulous. The need for the delivery of more prosthodontic care in this country alone is staggering. 6.More research in RRR with new methods and new thinking are badly needed in order to provide the best possible oral health care for millions of edentulous patients.
Analysis and simulation of the quantum well injection transit time diode

The quantum-well injection transit time (QWITT) diode is simulated for two different injection phase angles (90 degrees and 270 degrees ) at 60, 90, 200, and 300 GHz. Quantitative analysis of the output power and efficiency is carried out by including the velocity transient effect, the diffusion effect, and the carrier space-charge effect. The diffusion effect and the carrier space-charge effect degrade the output power and efficiency of the device. The velocity transient effect enhances the device performance for a 270 degrees injection phase mode, but it renders the device useless for a 90 degrees injection phase mode. In comparison with other microwave devices, a simple QWITT diode is a very promising device for millimeter-wave frequency application when it is used with a 270 degrees injection phase angle. This is due to fast intrinsic frequency response time and extremely localized carrier injection mechanism as well as high transient velocity at a small distance. Because of the good efficiency of the QWITT diode, it is feasible to increase output power by integration of many QWITT diodes. >
On localizing the source of random signals using sensor networks

The problem of source localization using a network of sensors is considered. A maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based approach is adopted. The measurements received at the sensors due to the random phenomenon are spatially correlated and are characterized by a multivariate distribution. Using the theory of copulas, the joint parametric density of sensor observations is obtained assuming only the knowledge of their marginal densities. An example showing the efficiency of the proposed approach is presented.
WHAT PSYCHOTHERAPISTS CAN BEGIN TO LEARN FROM NEUROSCIENCE: SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF A BRAIN-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPY

Advances in neuroscience provide guidance for the development of psychological conceptualizations of mental illness and treatment that go beyond a reductionistic biological etiology. The authors propose that these advances can be translated into practical clinical applications. Through the elaboration of 7 principles that can be helpful in using neuroscience to enhance clinical practice, this article describes areas of neuroscientific knowledge with particular relevance to psychotherapy.