cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introducing configuration management capabilities into CloudLab experiments

Users of CloudLab (and other GENI-derived testbeds) commonly use image snapshots to preserve their working environments and to share them with other users. While snapshots re-create software environments byte-for-byte, they are not conducive to composing multiple environments, nor are they good for experiments that must run across many versions of their environments with subtle differences. This paper describes our initial work on an alternative experiment management system. This system is built on expendable instances of the Chef configuration management system, and can be used “on top of” existing testbeds.
Regressing, Progressing, or Transgressing on the Small Screen? Transgender Characters on U.S. Scripted Television Series

This study explored representation of lead and supporting transgender characters in nine U.S. scripted television dramas and comedies aired 2008–2014. Employing qualitative content analysis techniq...
Cardiac tumors: echo assessment

Cardiac tumors are exceedingly rare (0.001-0.03% in most autopsy series). They can be present anywhere within the heart and can be attached to any surface or be embedded in the myocardium or pericardial space. Signs and symptoms are nonspecific and highly variable related to the localization, size and composition of the cardiac mass. Echocardiography, typically performed for another indication, may be the first imaging modality alerting the clinician to the presence of a cardiac mass. Although echocardiography cannot give the histopathology, certain imaging features and adjunctive tools such as contrast imaging may aid in the differential diagnosis as do the adjunctive clinical data and the following principles: (1) thrombus or vegetations are the most likely etiology, (2) cardiac tumors are mostly secondary and (3) primary cardiac tumors are mostly benign. Although the finding of a cardiac mass on echocardiography may generate confusion, a stepwise approach may serve well practically. Herein, we will review such an approach and the role of echocardiography in the assessment of cardiac masses.
Dimensionality of Helicopter Parenting and Relations to Emotional, Decision-Making, and Academic Functioning in Emerging Adults:

The current study tests the underlying structure of a multidimensional construct of helicopter parenting (HP), assesses reliability of the construct, replicates past relations of HP to poor emotional functioning, and expands the literature to investigate links of HP to emerging adults' decision-making and academic functioning. A sample of 377 emerging adults (66% female; ages 17-30; 88% European American) were administered several items assessing HP as well as measures of other parenting behaviors, depression, anxiety, decision-making style, grade point average, and academic functioning. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a four-factor, 23-item measure that encompassed varying levels of parental involvement in the personal and professional lives of their children. A bifactor model was also fit to the data and suggested the presence of a reliable overarching HP factor in addition to three reliable subfactors. The fourth subfactor was not reliable and item variances were subsumed by the general HP factor. HP was found to be distinct from, but correlated in expected ways with, other reports of parenting behavior. HP was also associated with poorer functioning in emotional functioning, decision making, and academic functioning. Parents' information-seeking behaviors, when done in absences of other HP behaviors, were associated with better decision making and academic functioning.
Cystine Stone Formers Have Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life Compared with Noncystine Stone Formers: A Case-Referent Study Piloting the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire Among Patients with Cystine Stones.

Abstract Introduction: Cystinuria is a rare cause of urolithiasis. Affected patients have an earlier onset and more aggressive disease than patients with other stone etiologies. We assessed the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of cystine stone-forming patients using the disease-specific Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL). Methods: Cystine patients treated in our stone clinics (n = 12) completed the WISQOL; information about medical and stone histories was gathered. Patients were matched with noncystine stone formers (n = 12) for gender, age, and comorbidities. In addition, a second control group (n = 90), also from our institution and consisting of mixed calcium stone formers, was included. WISQOL responses were compared between groups. Results: Cystine patients had significantly lower total WISQOL scores than noncystine patients. Compared with noncystine stone formers, cystine stone formers also had lower HRQOL scores for subscales (domains) related to social impact, emotional i...
Hyperoxia exposure disrupts adrenomedullin signaling in newborn mice: Implications for lung development in premature infants.

Hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of human infants that is characterized by disrupted lung angiogenesis. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide with angiogenic and vasoprotective properties. AM signals via its cognate receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Calcrl) and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). Whether hyperoxia affects the pulmonary AM signaling pathway in neonatal mice and whether AM promotes lung angiogenesis in human infants are unknown. Therefore, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) hyperoxia exposure will disrupt AM signaling during the lung development period in neonatal mice; and (2) AM will promote angiogenesis in fetal human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 activation. We initially determined AM, Calcrl, and RAMP2 mRNA levels in mouse lungs on postnatal days (PND) 3, 7, 14, and 28. Next we determined the mRNA expression of these genes in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia (70% O2) for up to 14 d. Finally, using HPAECs, we evaluated if AM activates ERK1/2 and promotes tubule formation and cell migration. Lung AM, Calcrl, and RAMP2 mRNA expression increased from PND 3 and peaked at PND 14, a time period during which lung development occurs in mice. Interestingly, hyperoxia exposure blunted this peak expression in neonatal mice. In HPAECs, AM activated ERK1/2 and promoted tubule formation and cell migration. These findings support our hypotheses, emphasizing that AM signaling axis is a potential therapeutic target for human infants with BPD.
Exploring Localized Economic Dynamics: Methods-Driven Case Studies of Transformation and Growth in Agricultural and Food Markets

Quantifying the economic impacts and contributions of local and regional food systems and events in these systems has become increasingly common as both public and private entities attempt to justify a commonly held belief that more localized systems lead to positive economic gains in the communities in which they operate. However, many studies are not careful to consider the opportunity costs, complexity of economic linkages, or other subtle dimensions of how regional economies may change in dynamic settings. In this study, the authors use three case studies to explore the important criteria that should be considered when modeling impacts and contributions of activities and events that can be characterized by a variety of supply shocks or customization to account for relocalized linkages in the supply chain.
Nanoparticle-based local antimicrobial drug delivery

Despite the wide success of antibiotics in modern medicine, the treatment of bacterial infections still faces critical challenges, especially due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance. As a result, local antimicrobial treatment aimed at enhancing drug concentration at the site of infection while avoiding systemic exposure is becoming increasingly attractive, as it may alleviate resistance development. Meanwhile, therapeutic nanoparticles, especially liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and inorganic nanoparticles, are gaining traction to improve the therapeutic efficacy with many applications specifically focused on local antimicrobial treatment. This review highlights topics where nanoparticle-based strategies hold significant potential to advance treatment against local bacterial infections, including (1) promoting antibiotic localization to the pathogen, (2) modulating drug-pathogen interaction against antibiotic resistance, and (3) enabling novel anti-virulence approaches for 'drug-free' antimicrobial activity. In each area, we highlight the innovative antimicrobial strategies tailored for local applications and review the progress made for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Propagation Container Type, Time in Container, and Root Pruning Affect Root Development of Young Acer rubrum

Numerous propagation containers have been developed in an effort to reduce root deformities on tree and shrub nursery stock. Root attributes in containers are also impacted by retention time in the container. A popular shade tree, Acer rubrum L., was grown in 6 different propagation containers for two time periods and root pruned or not before shifting to 10 liter (3 gal) black plastic containers to evaluate root system quality. Root pruning when shifting into larger 10 liter (3 gal) containers resulted in more structural roots, adventitious roots from cuts, and woody second-order roots, growing closer to the substrate surface due to a reduced angle of departure from the trunk. Root pruning improved root system quality by increasing the number of straight, radially-oriented roots growing from all propagation containers except for Ellepots placed in contact with other Ellepots which had an equivalent high number of straight roots without pruning. By many measures, all propagation container types produced n...
Large, extra-abdominal leiomyoma of the round ligament with carneous degeneration

Round ligament tumours represent a rare entity that can present similarly to an incarcerated hernia. Basic understanding and appropriate preoperative management is imperative in order to differentiate between the two diagnoses. Leiomyoma is the most common type of round ligament tumour. It is associated with oestrogen exposure and is more common in the presence of uterine leiomyomas. Here we discuss a 68-year-old woman who presented with a palpable left inguinal mass that progressively grew in size, associated with pelvic pressure and discomfort. On surgical resection, the mass was found to be derived from the round ligament at the entrance of the external inguinal ring. Pathology confirmed a round ligament leiomyoma, measuring 25×9×8.5 cm. This case is the largest round ligament leiomyoma recorded to date and the first to exhibit carneous degeneration. A review of the current literature is also provided.
Large Eddy Simulation of an isolated vertical axis wind turbine

Abstract A computational study is presented on the wake features of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), with a particular focus on the way stall phenomena lead to the formation of large coherent structures. In our earlier work (Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 61: 75–84, 2016) numerical results were compared with experiments carried out in similar conditions. The operation of VAWTs is characterized by the generation of large vortices, especially at low Tip Speed Ratios ( T S R s ), corresponding to larger angles of attack. In the present study the use of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, coupled with an immersed-boundary (IB) formulation, allowed the solution of such coherent structures, which were found to affect substantially the flow within the rotor and downstream of the turbine. Two values of T S R are investigated here, in order to discuss its influence on the wake structure. Lower T S R s are associated to boundary layer separation closer to the leading edge of the blades and larger rollers, during both upwind and downwind stall. Upwind stall affects more substantially wake properties, producing larger structures populating the leeward side of the overall wake.
Two-tier pressure consolidation operation method for hydrogen refueling station cost reduction

Abstract An operation strategy known as two-tier “pressure consolidation” of delivered tube-trailers (or equivalent supply storage) has been developed to maximize the throughput at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The high capital costs of HRSs and the consequent high investment risk are deterring growth of the infrastructure needed to promote the deployment of FCEVs. Stations supplied by gaseous hydrogen will be necessary for FCEV deployment in both the near and long term. The two-tier pressure consolidation method enhances gaseous HRSs in the following ways: (1) reduces the capital cost compared with conventional stations, as well as those operating according to the original pressure consolidation approach described by Elgowainy et al. (2014) [1], (2) minimizes pressure cycling of HRS supply storage relative to the original pressure consolidation approach; and (3) increases use of the station's supply storage (or delivered tube-trailers) while maintaining higher state-of-charge vehicle fills.
Curricular and Pedagogical Oppression: Contradictions Within the Juggernaut Accountability Trap:

Nested within a 5-year examination of Teach for America (TFA) corps members’ experiences with learning to teach, this article focuses on the salient theme of “Reform Models” found in data collected...
Design of cyclic and d‐amino acids containing peptidomimetics for inhibition of protein‐protein interactions of HER2‐HER3

HER2 receptors are surface proteins belonging to the epidermal growth factor family of receptors. Their numbers are elevated in breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. HER2-positive cancers are aggressive, have higher mortality rate, and have a poor prognosis. We have designed peptidomimetics that bind to HER2 and block the HER2-mediated dimerization of epidermal growth factor family of receptors. Among these, a symmetrical cyclic peptidomimetic (compound 18) exhibited antiproliferative activity in HER2-overexpressing lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the nanomolar concentration range. To improve the stability of the peptidomimetic, d-amino acids were introduced into the peptidomimetic, and several analogs of compound 18 were designed. Among the analogs of compound 18, compound 32, a cyclic, d-amino acid-containing peptidomimetic, was found to have an IC50 value in the nanomolar range in HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative activity of compound 32 was also measured by using a 3D cell culture model that mimics the in vivo conditions. The binding of compound 32 to the HER2 protein was studied by surface plasmon resonance. In vitro stability studies indicated that compound 32 was stable in serum for 48 hours and intact peptide was detectable in vivo for 12 hours. Results from our studies indicated that 1 of the d-amino acid analogs of 18, compound 32, binds to the HER2 extracellular domain, inhibiting the phosphorylation of kinase of HER2.
Impact of Inpatient Palliative Care on Quality of End-of-Life Care and Downstream Acute and Postacute Care Utilization.

Abstract Background: Additional evidence is needed regarding the impact of inpatient palliative care (IPC) on the quality of end-of-life care and downstream utilization. Aim: Examine the effects of IPC on quality of end-of-life care and acute and postacute care use in a large integrated system. Design: Retrospective cohort design. Setting/Participants: Adult decedents from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014, who had at least one hospitalization at 11 Kaiser Permanente Southern California medical centers in the 12 months before death and not hospitalized for a trauma-related condition or receiving home-based PC or hospice were included in the cohort. Materials and Methods: Inverse probability of treatment weighting of propensity scores was used to compare outcomes between patients exposed to IPC (n = 3742) and controls (n = 12,755) who never received IPC before death. Results: Patients who received IPC were more likely to enroll in home-based PC or hospice (69% vs. 43%) and were less likely to die in a ...
Attentional Modulation of Macaque Visual Processing Areas

The ability to use prior information to enhance the processing of visual stimuli at a specific location is critical for quickly sorting through the myriad of incoming stimuli and making decisions regarding future actions. This selection process, known as visual attention, appears to be fundamental to our ability to navigate and interact with the environment, and accordingly has been the focus of innumerable psychological and neurobiological studies (Pashler, 1998). While the overall framework and principles underlying the neurobiology of attention are fairly consistent for humans and monkeys, the lack of a direct means of comparing the human fMRI and macaque electrophysiology data has left many uncertainties about the processes underlying visual attention in the two species. Two macaques monitored one of two peripheral rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) streams for the appearance of a specific target object in a stream of difficult-to-discriminate distracter objects. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals, we assessed the level of neural activity across the entire cortex. To measure attentional modulations of stimulus-evoked activity in the whole brain we compared BOLD signals to one stream of stimuli when it was attended as compared to when it was unattended. The results of this study define the distributed network of visual processing areas involved in visuospatial attention. Additionally, the magnitude of the activity in the visual processing areas was modulated by the locus of attention. Modulation of the BOLD signals by attention matched those observed in previous human and macaque studies; furthermore, the differences in these magnitudes across the network of areas may indicate differences in the roles each of these areas play in visual attention. Lastly, we found support for potential differences between humans and macaques in the effect of attention on early visual areas; therefore, caution is needed in applying macaque data to human models of visual attention.
Cellular and molecular effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain ischemia and injury.

Publisher Summary This chapter explains that free polyenoic fatty acids (PUFAs), especially arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are rapidly released following ischemia, electroconvulsive seizures, and various pathological insults. Free PUFAs and arachidonic acid in particular, have both physiological and pathological effects on cellular systems. It has been described that free arachidonic acid readily intercalates into the membrane and produces significant changes in the packing of the lipid molecules. PUFA-induced membrane fluidity has been associated with the stimulation of chloride transport in corneal epithelium; it enhanced activities of both membrane-associated adenylate cyclase, and guanylate cyclase. The molecular mechanisms of PUFA-induced cellular edema are studied further in the in vitro cortical slices system. The studies have suggested that PUFAs, especially arachidonic acid, play a key role in membrane damage and the development of edema following ischemia and injury.
Oxidation of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by a soluble liver fraction from poikilothermic vertebrates

Abstract 1. 1. A liver fraction which catalyzes the oxidation of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid to 2-amino-3H-phenoxazin-3-one-1,9-dicarboxylic acid has been isolated from poikilothermic vertebrates. 2. 2. With the use of standard protein fractionation procedures, a 45-fold purified preparation was obtained. 3. 3. The fraction's activity was inhibited by Fe 2+ , CN − , N 3 − , ethylenediaminetetraacetate and α,α′-dipyridyl (1 mM); however, heavy metals such as Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Mo 2+ had no effect on activity. The pH optimum was around pH 7.4. 4. 4. Six o -aminophenols were studied as possible substrates; with the exception of 2-amino-3-hydroxytoluene all were converted to phenoxazinones. 5. 5. Stoichiometric studies have established that 3 atoms of oxygen are consumed in the formation of 1 mole of phenoxazinone from 2 moles of o -aminophenol.
A VSV-based Zika virus vaccine protects mice from lethal challenge

Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) is commonly mild in humans but has been associated with alarming negative health outcomes including Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly in fetuses. As such, developing a vaccine for ZIKV is a global public health priority. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) has been successfully used as a vaccine platform in the past. In this study, two novel VSV-ZIKV vaccines were generated utilizing the favorable immune targeting of the existing VSV-EBOV vector. In addition to the EBOV GP, these new vaccines express the full-length pre-membrane and envelope proteins or pre-membrane and truncated soluble envelope proteins as antigens. Efficacy testing of both of the VSV vectors against ZIKV was conducted in IFNAR-/- mice and resulted in uniform protection when a single dose was administered 28 days prior to lethal challenge. Furthermore, this vaccine is fast-acting and can uniformly protect mice from lethal disease when administered as late as 3 days prior to ZIKV challenge. Thus, VSV-ZIKV vectors are promising vaccine candidates and should move forward along the licensure pathway.
Molecular Communication: Interconnecting Tiny NanoBio Devices

Recent advances in the fi elds of bioengineering and nanotechnology have resulted in the emergence of tiny devices of sub-millimeter and even micron or less dimensions that can perform sensing and actuation. In many cases, the main challenge in moving these devices out of the laboratory and into the real world is not production cost, as they can be produced cost-eff ectively in large volumes, but rather a communication problem. For many applications, these tiny devices need to communicate and collaborate in swarms, or they need to transmit their measurements to other devices. Inspired by nature, chemical signaling (also known as molecular communication) is an eff ective solution to this problem. Th is article explores some of the recent advancements and challenges in engineering molecular communication systems.
Cadmium accumulation in the bottom sediments and fish of seepage lakes in north-central Wisconsin: relation to lake chemistry

7 INTRODUCTION 9 MATERULS AND METHODS 11 Study Area 11 Sampling Design and Field Methods 15 Laboratory Methods 17 Quality Assurance 18 Data Analysis 20 RESULTS 22 DISCUSSION 41
Correction: Yes and Lyn play a role in nuclear translocation of the epidermal growth factor receptor

In Figure 4C, it was identified that the Histone H3 and α-Tubulin purification control blots for YES and LYN overexpressing cells were duplicated. The original Histone H3 control blot was found and confirmed the published results, however, the α-Tubulin control blot was not found. This error was determined to not impact the scientific findings of this figure. The authors regret this error.
A comparative study of implicit Jacobian-free Rosenbrock-Wanner, ESDIRK and BDF methods for unsteady flow simulation with high-order flux reconstruction formulations

We conduct a comparative study of the Jacobian-free linearly implicit Rosenbrock-Wanner (ROW) methods, the explicit first stage, singly diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (ESDIRK) methods, and the second-order backward differentiation formula (BDF2) for unsteady flow simulation using spatially high-order flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) formulations. The pseudo-transient continuation is employed to solve the nonlinear systems resulting from the temporal discretizations with ESDIRK and BDF2. A Jacobian-free implementation of the restarted generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) solver is employed with a low storage element-Jacobi preconditioner to solve linear systems, including those in linearly implicit ROW methods and those from linearization of the nonlinear systems in ESDIRK and BDF2 methods. We observe that all ROW and ESDIRK schemes (from second order to fourth order) are more computationally efficient than BDF2, and ROW methods can potentially be more efficient than ESDIRK methods. However, the convergence tolerance of the GMRES solver for ROW methods needs to be sufficiently tight to preserve the nominal order of accuracy. In general, ESDIRK methods allow a larger physical time step size for unsteady flow simulation than ROW methods do.
Who hit the ball out? An egocentric temporal order bias

Temporal order judgments can require integration of self-generated action events and external sensory information. We examined whether conscious experience is biased to perceive one’s own action events to occur before simultaneous external events, such as deciding whether you or your opponent last touched a basketball heading out of bounds. Participants made temporal order judgments comparing their own touch to another participant’s touch, a mechanical touch, or an auditory click. In all three manipulations, we find a robust bias to perceive self-generated action events to occur about 50 ms before external sensory events. We denote this bias to perceive self-actions earlier as the “egocentric temporal order” bias. Thus, if two players hit a ball nearly simultaneously, then both will likely have different subjective experiences of who touched last, leading to arguments.
Prediction of Business User Segmentation Model Based on Customer Value

With the continuous deepening of China's power system reform, the diversification of power customer demand is becoming more and more obvious. Carrying out customer segmentation is conducive to providing better service to customers by power companies and achieving a win-win situation for both enterprises and customers. Based on the customer segments in the power industry and the proprietary features of commercial users, this paper uses the unsupervised learning algorithm (Expectation-Maximization algorithm) in big data mining technology to build a business user behavior segmentation model to solve the problem of poor operability of combining qualitative and quantitative indicators and proposed a new theory system of subdivision for business users. Aiming at the shortcomings that the EM algorithm is sensitive to the initial parameters, the EM algorithm is proposed to improve and optimize the model and enhance the accuracy of customer segmentation.
Modern Orbital Mechanics

Until the seventeenth century, it was believed that orbits could only be circular. But in 1601, German astronomer Johannes Kepler acquired the planetary positional data of Tycho Brahe, who had recently died. The data was the most accurate of its time and spanned 15 years.
Differentiation strategy, firm structure and performance of star rated hotels

It is estimated that emerging economies will get over 1 billion international tourists by the year 2030. Strategic management researchers have severally recommended credible research in the area of strategy-structure coalignment in the hospitality industry. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of differentiation strategy-firm structure coalignment on performance of star rated hotels in Kenya. This study adopted positivism research philosophy and a descriptive-correlative research design. The population consisted of general managers and functional managers from Kenya’s three, four and five star rated vacation and town hotels as at 2018. Multi-stage sampling that included proportionate stratified sampling and simple random sampling was used. 267 hotel managers were sampled out of which 253 managers responded. The extent to which the hotels were pursuing differentiation strategy was measured by an analysis of the responses to the multi-item Likert scale questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used for hypothesis testing. The study concluded that differentiation strategy-firm structure coalignment has no significant influence on performance of star rated hotels in Kenya. The study however revealed that differentiation strategy directly and positively affects hotel performance. This study recommends hotel managers to pursue a differentiation strategy that sets their hotel apart from others as this has direct positive effects on the performance of hotels.
The Impact of Obesity on Tumor Glucose Uptake in Breast and Lung Cancer.

Obesity confers an increased incidence and poorer clinical prognosis in more than 10 cancer types. Paradoxically, obesity may provide protection from poor outcomes in lung cancer. Mechanisms for the obesity-cancer links are not fully elucidated, with altered glucose metabolism being a promising candidate. Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography/computed tomography images from The Cancer Imaging Archive, we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and glucose metabolism in several cancers. In 188 patients (BMI mean [SD] = 27.7 [5.1], range = 17.4-49.3 kg/m2), higher BMI was associated with greater tumor glucose uptake in breast cancer (r = 0.36; P = .02) and with lower tumor glucose uptake in non-small cell lung cancer (r = -0.26; P = .048) using two-sided Pearson correlations. No relationship was observed in soft tissue sarcoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Harnessing the National Cancer Institute's open-access database, we demonstrate altered tumor glucose metabolism as a potential mechanism for the detrimental and protective effects of obesity on breast and lung cancer, respectively.
929-P: Dulaglutide Shows Sustained A1C Reduction: Two-Year U.S. Real-World Study

The primary objective of this retrospective, observational study was to evaluate glycemic control over a 2 yr follow-up period among dulaglutide (DU) initiators with continuous treatment using U.S. claims data from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database (HIRD®) between May 2014 and May 2019 (index date=earliest DU fill during index period between November 2014 and May 2017). Patients (pts) ≥18 yrs old with T2D, ≥1 pharmacy claim for DU during the index period, continuous enrollment in the 6 months pre index (=baseline [BL]) and 2 yrs post index, ≥1 claim for DU or ≥60 days supply in every quarter during the 2-yr follow-up period, and ≥1 A1C result at both BL and 2 yrs were included. At BL, pts (N=872; 47.5% female) were (mean ± SD) 54.5 ± 8.2 yrs old with an A1C of 8.7 ± 1.8%. Antihyperglycemic medication use pre/post index included: insulin, 28%/35%; DPP-4 inhibitors, 37%/20%; SGLT2 inhibitors, 29%/44%. More than two-thirds were being treated for dyslipidemia, hypertension, or CVD. Key results are included in the Figure. Significant A1C reduction was observed from BL to 2 yrs (-1.3%, p Disclosure R. Mody: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. M. Yu: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Employee; Spouse/Partner; LifeLabs. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. M. Grabner: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. K. Boye: Employee; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. C. Teng: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. A. Kwan: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company.
Learning-Based Quality Management for Approximate Communication in Network-on-Chips

Current multi/many-core systems spend large amounts of time and power transmitting data across on-chip interconnects. This problem is aggravated when data-intensive applications, such as machine learning and pattern recognition, are executed in these systems. Recent studies show that some data-intensive applications can tolerate modest errors, thus opening a new design dimension, namely, trading result quality for better system performance. In this article, we explore application error tolerance and propose an approximate communication framework to reduce the power consumption and latency of network-on-chips (NoCs). The proposed framework incorporates a quality control method and a data approximation mechanism to reduce the packet size to decrease network power consumption and latency. The quality control method automatically identifies the error-resilient variables that can be approximated during transmission and calculates their error thresholds based on the quality requirements of the application by analyzing the source code. The data approximation method includes a lightweight lossy compression scheme, which significantly reduces packet size when the error-resilient variables are transmitted. This framework results in fewer flits in each data packet and reduces traffic in NoCs while guaranteeing the quality requirements of applications. Our cycle-accurate simulation using the AxBench benchmark suite shows that the proposed approximate communication framework achieves 62% latency reduction and 43% dynamic power reduction compared to previous approximate communication techniques while ensuring 95% result quality.
Accounting for Organizational Employment Impact

Organizations create significant positive and negative impacts through their employment practices. This paper builds on the substantial body of research regarding job quality and impact measurement to present a framework for monetized analysis of employment impact. We identify and propose a framework for measuring the four most salient dimensions of impact for employees, including wage quality, career advancement, opportunity, and health and wellbeing, as well as two principle impacts, diversity and employment location, for the broader labor community. The framework and methodology for calculating employment impact-weighted accounting figures is applied to several large corporations, resulting in positive impacts that range between 25 and 249% of their EBITDA suggesting significant heterogeneity in employment practices across organizations. These results demonstrate the feasibility of calculating employment impact in monetary terms, and provide a foundation for future application across additional geographies and contexts.
Expanding the vision of neurotheology: make neuroscience religion’s ally

Religion and science are often deemed to conflict. Neurotheology is a new way of exploring the interface of neuroscience and religion. Neuroscience shares many of the same concerns about human welf...
Cancer-specific mortality associated with germline genetic testing results among women with breast cancer or ovarian cancer treated with chemotherapy.

10517Background: Breast and ovarian cancer patients increasingly undergo germline genetic testing. While studies suggest a greater chemotherapy benefit for carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants, ...
A Case Study of the Application of BIM in China: Tianjin Chow Tai Fook Financial Center

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is widely used in the AEC industry. With BIM, project stakeholders can coordinate and manage the information using 3-dimentional models throughout the project lifecycle. To apply BIM, innovative measures need to be implemented at the company and project level, and such measures may include the reengineering of the process and business structure, the establishment of hardware and software infrastructure, and training of their employees. China’s construction market has continued to grow and its construction industry accounts for a large portion of China’s gross domestic product (GDP). There are currently no BIM application standards or regulations for Chinese construction companies, however, the Chinese construction industry and the government have realized the benefits of BIM and are actively promoting the application of this technology. This research aims to gather data from the construction management team of the Tianjin Chou Tai Fook Finical Center project, standing 530 m tall as the eighth tallest building in the world in Tianjin, China, to identify the benefits, challenges, and experience for implementation of BIM in the project.
A parametrized family of Tversky metrics connecting the Jaccard distance to an analogue of the normalized information distance.

Jim\'enez, Becerra, and Gelbukh (2013) defined a family of "symmetric Tversky ratio models" $S_{\alpha,\beta}$, $0\le\alpha\le 1$, $\beta>0$. Each function $D_{\alpha,\beta}=1-S_{\alpha,\beta}$ is a semimetric on the powerset of a given finite set. We show that $D_{\alpha,\beta}$ is a metric if and only if $0\le\alpha \le \frac12$ and $\beta\ge 1/(1-\alpha)$. This result is formally verified in the Lean proof assistant. The extreme points of this parametrized space of metrics are $J_1=D_{1/2,2}$, the Jaccard distance, and $J_{\infty}=D_{0,1}$, an analogue of the normalized information distance of M.~Li, Chen, X.~Li, Ma, and Vit\'anyi (2004).
Gut microbiota response to antibiotics is personalized and depends on baseline microbiota.

The magnitude of microbiota perturbations after exposure to antibiotics varies among individuals. It has been suggested that the composition of pre-treatment microbiota underpins personalized responses to antibiotics. However, this hypothesis has not been directly tested in humans. In this high-throughput amplicon study, we analyzed 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of 260 stool samples collected twice weekly from 39 patients with acute leukemia during their ~ 4 weeks of hospitalization for chemotherapy while they received multiple antibiotics. Despite heavy and sustained antibiotic pressure, microbial communities in samples from the same patient remained more similar to one another than to those from other patients. Principal component mixed effect regression using microbiota and granular antibiotic exposure data showed that microbiota departures from baseline depend on the composition of the pre-treatment microbiota. Penalized generalized estimating equations identified 6 taxa within pre-treatment microbiota that predicted the extent of antibiotic-induced perturbations. Our results indicate that specific species in pre-treatment microbiota determine personalized microbiota responses to antibiotics in humans. Thus, precision interventions targeting pre-treatment microbiota may prevent antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and its adverse clinical consequences.
Control of Phosphoinositide Synthesis

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is the predominant (99%) phosphoinositide in mammalian cells [7]. PIP2 is synthesized from phosphatidylinositol-4- phosphate (PIP) by PIP2 synthases while PIP is synthesized from Phosphatidylinositol (PI) by PIP synthases. PIP2 in cells is normally hydrolyzed by phospholipase C (PLC) to generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG),which serve as second messengers for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and PKC (protein kinase C) activation, respectively [4, 7]. Thus, PIP2 plays important roles in PLCmediated cellular processes, such as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion [1], storeoperated calcium entry [2, 6], and sterol trafficking [5, 8]. Mathematical models for the process of phosphoinositide synthesis have been established (see, e.g., [3, 7]). In this chapter, we present the model developed by Xu et al [7] because of its simplicity.
Effects of emphasis terminology in warning instructions on compliance intent and understandability.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine whether differing terminology in warning directives can influence compliance intentions and understandability. Despite its important role for warning effectiveness, warning instructions has not received much attention in warning research. Emphasis terms that can be used in warning directives were investigated. METHOD: Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, participants rated a set of 12 warning directive statements consisted of one basic warning directive, which served as the control and the other 11 one- or two-word emphasis phrases that added to a basic directive. In Experiment 2, participants rated 37 emphasizers on compliance intent. In Experiment 3, participants rated the same emphasizers on understandability. RESULTS: The first 2 experiments showed substantial differences in compliance intentions depending on the emphasizer used. For example, some terms and phrases (e.g., "urgent") produced high compliance intent whereas others showed lower compliance intent (e.g., "recommended"). In Experiment 3, some terms were rated as understandable (e.g., "important"), whereas others were rated as somewhat understandable (e.g., "compulsory"). CONCLUSION: The addition of emphasis terms to the warning directives influenced people's compliance intent and understandability. In addition, significant correlations were found among compliance intent, understandability, and measures of variability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION:. The findings from this research could aid warning designers in selecting understandable wording that gives rise to different levels of compliance intentions. Language: en
Electrocardiocorder-AVSEP patterns in 37 normal adult men: A four year experience

Abstract Yearly, five hour electrocardiographic records have been taken in each of four successive years on 37 business men, using the Holter Research Laboratory devices for continuous recording and rapid playback, the Electrocardiocorder-AVSEP system. Variations in T waves (and to some extent, the S-T segment) were frequent and often marked; T waves became flat or inverted in some subjects (7 out of 37, or 19%) year after year. Although these changes may reflect change of body position or other changes such as straining, emotion and digestion, they are not associated with clinical heart disease over the four year period of our observation. Those patterns which remained relatively unchanged throughout any five hours were almost always predictive of very similar patterns in the subsequent year's record. Most subjects (about 75%) showed both a basic (predominant) pattern, characteristic of the individual, as well as characteristic variations from that pattern; these characteristics changed little in successive yearly records. The QRS segment remained relatively constant (except for change in S wave amplitude) in these erect subjects. Ventricular ectopic beats occurred very rarely except in two subjects. Five subjects showed heart rates consistently above 100/min. without regard to periods of greater or lesser physical activity in each of the four yearly records. This study further defines the range of variability in the patterns seen with the Electrocardiocorder-AVSEP system.
A Temporal Variant-Invariant Validation Approach for Agent-based Models of Landscape Dynamics

Agent-based modeling provides a means for addressing the way human and natural systems interact to change landscapes over time. Until recently, evaluation of simulation models has focused on map com- parison techniques that evaluate the degree to which predictions match real-world observations. However, methods that change the focus of evaluation from patterns to processes have begun to surface; that is, rather than asking if a model simulates a correct pattern, models are evaluated on their ability to simulate a process of interest. We build on an existing agent-based modeling validation method in order to present a temporal variant-invariant analysis (TVIA). The enhanced method, which focuses on analyzing the uncertainty in simulation results, examines the degree to which outcomes from multiple model runs match some reference to how land use parcels make the transition from one land use class to another over time. We apply TVIA to results from an agent-based model that simulates the relationships between land- owner decisions and wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface of the southern Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. The TVIA approach demonstrates a novel ability to examine uncertainty across time to provide an understanding of how the model emulates the system of interest.
Automated Transcription and Conversation Analysis

This article explores the potential of automated transcription technology for use in Conversation Analysis (CA). First, it applies auto-transcription to a classic CA recording and compares the output with Gail Jefferson’s original transcript. Second, it applies auto-transcription to more recent recordings to demonstrate transcript quality under ideal conditions. And third, it examines the use of auto-transcripts for navigating big conversational data sets. The article concludes that although standard automated transcription technology lacks certain critical capabilities and exhibits varying levels of accuracy, it may still be useful for (a) providing first-pass transcripts, with silences, for further manual editing; and (b) scaling up data exploration and collection building by providing time-based indices requiring no manual effort to generate. Data are in American English.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the alpha-toxin (phospholipase C) of Clostridium perfringens.

A fragment of DNA containing the gene coding for the phospholipase C (alpha-toxin) of Clostridium perfringens was cloned into Escherichia coli. The cloned DNA appeared to code only for the alpha-toxin and contained both the coding region and its associated gene promoter. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA was determined, and an open reading frame was identified which encoded a protein with a molecular weight of 42,528. By comparison of the gene sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein, a 28-amino-acid signal sequence was identified. The gene promoter showed considerable homology with the E. coli sigma 55 consensus promoter sequences, and this may explain why the gene was expressed by E. coli. The cloned gene product appeared to be virtually identical to the native protein. A 77-amino-acid stretch that was close to the N terminus of the alpha-toxin showed considerable homology with similarly located regions of the Bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine, preferring phospholipase C and weaker homology with the phospholipase C from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Images
What is the harm in imposing mandatory hospital nurse staffing regulations

Efforts to establish mandated staffing ratios are shortsighted, and, though proponents may have the best intentions, many negative outcomes would flow from the public airing of this issue. The Institute of Medicine concluded in 1996 that there was insufficient quality outcome evidence to support the imposition of mandated nurse staffing ratios. The Massachusetts Nursing Association got legislation introduced in early 1996 which, if passed, would turn over to state lawmakers decisions governing nurse staffing in hospitals and other employment settings. There are high opportunity costs. Staffing regulations (if imposed) would force employers to ignore the dynamic interactions of economic, technology, capital, and labor supply variables, and thus needlessly impose the effect of increased labor costs on hospitals, taxpayers, and nurses themselves. Chance for passage of this highly controversial legislation is unlikely, but the expenditure of political chips (and the loss of credibility) will increase the difficulty of obtaining a hearing from legislators the next time a nursing issue comes up.
Generalized Eigenvectors and Group Representations — The Connection Between Representations of SO(4, l) and the Poincaré Group

Rarely has a mathematical structure been so eagerly accepted by physicists as the Rigged Hilbert Space \(\Phi \subset H \subset \Phi ^X\). The main reason for this is probably its ability to elevate the Dirac formalism of quantum mechanic that is “scarcely to be surpassed in brevity and elegance” (v. Neumann) into an equally beautiful and mathematically rigorous theory. Furthermore, the Rigged Hilbert Space is an important means of investigating such mathematical structures as representations of non-compact groups which have become very important in theoretical physics. The employment of the R. H. Sp. provides the possibility for working with algebraic (infinitesimal) methods in the representation theory of non-compact groups, which are so familiar to physicists from compact group representations.