cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the dynamic propagation of shear bands in bulk metallic glasses

Abstract A model is developed for quantifying shear-band propagation in bulk metallic glasses. This model is written in terms of the stress, temperature, and shear-band propagation speed. The model quantifies the shear-band length, width, and speed, as well as the direction of propagation and the magnitude of displacement across the band.
FG syndrome in a premature male

A 30-week premature male infant is presented with dolichocephaly, frontal bossing, down-slanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, long philtrum, micrognathia, cleft palate, and imperforate anus. He is the fifth patient to be presented with FG syndrome and sensorineural deafness. The patient's syndromic manifestations became more obvious during an inpatient observation period of 3 months.
Comparison of tissue heating using 3 MHz ultrasound with T-Prep® versus Aquasonic® gel

Abstract Objective The purpose of this research was to compare Aquasonic ® and T-prep ® gel, a 1% methyl nicotinate preparation, in their ability to increase the temperature of soft tissue when used with 3MHz ultrasound. Methods Thirty healthy participants (21–40 years of age) completed this IRB approved study. In the prone position, a 26gauge, 4cm thermistor was inserted 2.5cm deep in the posterior calf. An OmniSound Unit was used to administer a 3MHz treatment at 1.0w/cm 2 in a 6cm 2 -defined area with a 2cm 2 transducer. Temperature measurements were taken every 30s for 15min. On one calf, 5cm 3 of Aquasonic ® gel was used as the coupling medium and on the other, 5cm 3 of T-Prep ® gel was used. Results A repeated measures ANOVA was used to detect a significant difference over time but no significant difference was found between the coupling mediums. After 15min, the T-Prep ® gel contributed to a 1.8°C overall temperature increase compared to a 1.5°C increase with Aquasonic ® gel. Conclusion The results of this 3MHz study revealed that the acoustic transmission characteristics of the T-Prep ® and Aquasonic ® gels were similar at increasing tissue temperature at a depth of 2.5cm. Given that there are numerous conducting mediums that have been shown to limit the transmission of ultrasonic waves, T-Prep ® may be an option to Aquasonic ® gel when tissue heating is desired. Further research on the depth of heating with T-Prep ® gel would be appropriate.
Heterologous Antilymphocyte Globulin: Studies in vitro

Incubation of dog-lymphocyte cultures with globulin from antiserum to lymphocytes resulted in a greater percentage of transformed cells than incubation with phytohemagglutinin. Viability counts demonstrated that this globulin and phytohemagglutinin had approximately equal degrees of cytotoxicity.
An improved Ewing heat probe frame

The standard Ewing heat probe frame has been improved through the design of a new takedown model whose parts are held together by lynch pins. When a 600 lb (272 kg) unit of this type is taken apart, the heaviest single piece of the dismantled unit weighs only 75 lb (34 kg). This makes it feasible for one person to handle, transport, and assemble the new unit. A central, main support member of a heat probe using this frame can be suspended over the side of a research vessel while the heavier temperature recorder and ballast weights are attached by means of the quickaction lynch pins. This makes it possible to use this device on relatively small vessels which are not designed for coring work, having a minimum of free deck space and without launching platforms or hydraulic A-frame booms.
A myth of the southern lady: Antebellum proslavery rhetoric and the proper place of woman

A myth/symbol of the Southern Lady is distilled from antebellum proslavery rhetoric and analyzed in terms of the nested ideologies created to justify the domination of both elite white women and chattel slaves.
Allograft AlloDerm® tissue for laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal groin hernia repair: A case report

INTRODUCTION Synthetic mesh is the prosthetic material used for most inguinal hernioplasties. However, when left in contact with intra-abdominal viscera, it often becomes associated with infection and migration, particularly in irradiated tissues, contaminated fields, immunosuppressed individuals, and patients with intestinal obstruction or fistula. AlloDerm® Regenerative Tissue Matrix (LifeCell Corporation, Branchburg, NJ) is derived from human cadaver skin and may be associated with fewer visceral adhesions and more durability in infected fields than synthetic mesh.
Near-field and complex-field time-stretch transform

The time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform enables high-throughput acquisition of optical spectra in single-shot measurements by performing an analog Fourier transform and stretching the signal to facilitate capture with high-speed electronics. The coherent time-stretch transform adds complex-field detection so that spectral amplitude and phase can be measured in the temporal near field, i.e., without a strict dispersion requirement. Full-field spectra are recovered via temporal interferometry on waveforms dispersed in the temporal near field. Real-time absorption spectra including both amplitude and phase information are acquired at 37 MHz.
Performing for the Students: Teaching Identity and the Pedagogical Relationship

Teacher identity is defined in its relations, on the one hand, to curriculum and, on the other, to students: to be identified as a teacher is to be taken by the latter as a bearer of the former. In this essay I consider some variations on theorising teacher identity within these relational terms. Beginning with the educational task of cultivating student subjects within the often impersonal aims of curriculum, I reject a correspondingly personalised production of teacher identity that would humanise education through the teacher's personality. Turning instead to the idea of a teaching role defined by institutional authority, I look at two perspectives from which the teacher's identity can be theorised as a matter of performing that role. Jane Gallop's performative definition of teaching highlights the teacher as a pre-existing role but is fundamentally concerned with the teacher's self-understanding, this fails, however the relational requirements of teaching. Ultimately, bringing performativity into the context of the transferential relation between teacher and student provided by Plato's Symposium, I argue that student desire produces teacher identity in response to the teacher's performed relation to truth.
Development and in vitro Evaluation of an Intra-oral Controlled-release Delivery System for Chlorhexidine

Copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared and used to fabricate a membrane-controlled reservoir-type controlled-release delivery system for chlorhexidine that should be suitable for intra-oral use. The reservoir of the system was prepared bys softening an 80:20 mixture of chlorhexidine diacetate and 50:50 HEMA:MMA copolymer with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and pressing standard amounts of the resulting dough-like mixture into silicone rubber molds. A membrane was applied to the reservoirs by rotating them through a solution of 30:70 HEMA:MMA copolymer in MEK. The finished oval-shaped controlled-release pellets were approximately 4. 7 mm wide, 3.3 mm high, and 7.4 mm long, and contained 45.0 ± 3.7 mg of chlorhexidine diacetate. The mean in vitro release rate of chlorhexidine diacetate from the pellets into 37°C water was 608 ± 55 μg/24 h for days 2 through 11, and 389 ± 50 μg/24 h for days 15 to 30 of the test period. The chlorhexidine released on day 30 was ...
Pancreatic hypersensitivity to glucose by young obese Zucker rats (fa/fa).

Abstract Insulin secretory response to glucose was investigated in 5- to 6-week-old male Zucker obese ( fa fa ) and lean ( Fa Fa ) rats using a pancreatic perfusion procedure. Blood glucose response to fasting was studied in lean and obese animals over 24 hours. Plasma glucose was slightly elevated in pentobarbital-anesthetized obese rats. However, plasma insulin was 4.6 times greater than that of leans. A hypoglycemic glucose stimulus (75 mg/dL) caused pancreata from obese animals to release 6 times more insulin than lean animals. Stimuli of 125 mg/dL (normoglycemic) and 600 mg/dL (hyperglycemic) caused hypersecretion of 8 and 5 times, respectively. Hyersecretion was not accounted for solely by the twofold increase in pancreatic insulin content. Obese animals has steeper decreases in plasma glucose than lean controls during seven to 13 hours of fasting. Hypersecretion by pancreata from young obese rats to physiological levels of glucose may result in hyperphagia in order to maintain normoglycemia.
On the substantive nature of disagreements in ontology

This paper concerns a fundamental dispute in ontology between the “Foundational Ontologist”, who believes that there is only one correct way of characterizing what there is, and the ontological “Skeptic”, who believes that there are viable alternative characterizations of what there is. I examine in detail an intriguing recent proposal in Dorr (2005), which promises to yield (i) a way of interpreting the Skeptic by means of a counter/actual semantics; and (ii) a way of converting the Skeptic to a position within Foundational Ontology, viz., that of Nihilism (according to which nothing composes anything and the world consists of mereological simples); this alleged conversion crucially turns on a novel notion of “metaphysical analyticity”. I argue that both components of Dorr's proposal are problematic in central ways: as a result, the Foundational Ontologist gains an indirect argument against the coherence of the Skeptic's position; and the non-Nihilist Foundational Ontologist may feel confirmed in his doubts towards the Nihilist outlook.
The Role of Cover Crops in North American Cropping Systems

SUMMARY The benefits of cover crops in cropping systems have long been recognized. Legumes have historically been used lo provide biologically fixed nitrogen to cash crops, and it has been shown that soil erosion can be slowed significantly with even minimal amounts of soil cover during vulnerable times of year. The role of cover crops in North American farming systems is expanding to include management of weeds, disease and pests, and overall enhancement of soil quality through organic matter enrichment, improved nutrient cycling and reduction of soil compaction. While the predominant temporal niche for cover crops in North America remains the winter, other opportunities in diverse cropping systems exist for cover crop inclusion, such as summer fallow, living mulches or full-year fallow crops. To date, the use of cover crops is constrained by economic, biological, and farm operational factors, but farmer education, continued research, and government policy changes can aid in overcoming existing barriers ...
Temperature Dependence of Solvent Swelling and Diffusion Processes in Coals

The rates of solvent swelling of the Argonne Premium Sample coals have been measured in various organic solvents at various temperatures. The results show that the extents of swelling, when experim...
Expression of histone deacetylases in cellular compartments of the mouse brain and the effects of ischemia.

Drugs that inhibit specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities have enormous potential in preventing the consequences of acute injury to the nervous system and in allaying neurodegeneration. However, very little is known about the expression pattern of the HDACs in the central nervous system (CNS). Identifying the cell types that express HDACs in the CNS is important for determining therapeutic targets for HDAC inhibitors and evaluating potential side effects. We characterized the cellular expression of HDACs 1–3, and HDACs 4 and 6, in the adult mouse brain in the cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, dentate gyrus, and CA1 regions of the hippocampus and subcortical white matter. Expression of class I HDACs showed a cell- and region-specific pattern. Transient focal ischemia induced by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion, or global ischemia induced by in vitro oxygen–glucose deprivation, altered the extent of HDAC expression in a region- and cell-specific manner. The pan-HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, reduced ischemia-induced alterations in HDACs. The results suggest that in addition to promoting epigenetic changes in transcriptional activity in the nucleus of neurons and glia, HDACs may also have non-transcriptional actions in axons and the distant processes of glial cells and may significantly modulate the response to injury in a cell- and region-specific manner.
A comparison of the microstructural properties of silica aerogels and xerogels

Silica aerogels and xerogels have been prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate. The sol-gel conditions have been varied by altering the quantities of alcohol solvent and water in the initial sol-gel composition. The effect of changing the size of the alkyl chain of the alcohol solvent has also been investigated. The samples prepared have been examined using nitrogen adsorption analysis, mercury porosimetry and transmission electron microscopy. Macroporous and mesoporous aerogels of surface areas between 200 and 1000 m2/g may be prepared. Macroporosity is favored by a high water content and short alkyl chain length of the solvent alcohol whereas mesoporosity is favored by a low water content, high alcohol content and a branched chain alcohol as solvent. Microporous and mesoporous xerogels of surface areas of 350–1000m2/g may also be prepared. Microporosity is favored by a high alcohol content and a short-chain alcohol whereas mesoporosity is favored by a high water content and a long-chain alcohol solvent. Hence, changing the sol-gel conditions has different effects in the resulting aerogels and xerogels.
Slow Thermalization between a Lattice and Free Bose Gas

Using a 3D spin-dependent optical lattice, we study thermalization and energy exchange between two ultracold Bose gases, one of which is strongly correlated and bound to the lattice and another that is free from the lattice potential. Disruption of interspecies thermalization is revealed through measurements of condensate fraction after the lattice is superimposed on the parabolic confining potential. By selectively heating the lattice-bound species and measuring the rate of heat transfer to the free state, suppression of energy exchange is observed. Comparison with a Fermi's golden rule prediction confirms that this effect is caused by a dispersion mismatch that reduces the phase space available for elastic collisions. This result has critical implications for methods proposed to cool strongly correlated lattice gases.
Component Alignment in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Diaphyseal Engaging Modular Offset Press-Fit Stems

We performed a retrospective study of the radiographic position of femoral and tibial components in a series of revision total knee arthroplasties using diaphyseal-engaging, press fit, modular stems. Fifty-two consecutive revision cases were performed. Femoral and tibial component alignment was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. The canal-filling ratio was measured and correlated with anatomic alignment. There was a trend toward improved alignment with increasing canal fill, suggesting that uncemented diaphyseal engaging press-fit modular stems facilitate accurate alignment for both femoral and tibial components in revision surgery.
Cyclic changes in ovarian morphology during the menstrual cycle in Macaca mulatta

Twenty-seven mature female macaques were ovariectomized at various times during the menstrual cycle. The ovaries were sectioned serially and each vesicular follicle was measured and classified according to size and developmental state. Also noted was the presence of differentiated and undifferentiated glandular tissue. The data showed that when the corpus luteum was active the largest follicle in each animal was not less than 1 mm in diameter, and that when the corpus luteum began to degenerate follicular enlargement commenced. Most follicles became atretic when under 1 mm in diameter, except for a few in the late follicular stage. The maximal diameter for an atretic follicle was 3.1 mm and for a developing follicle 6.3 mm. Interstitial gland tissue (theca interna of atretic follicles) was noted in large amounts just before ovulation while minimal amounts were present throughout the rest of the cycle. Other glandular types occasionally seen were aberrant and accessory corpora lutea, cords of cells in the stroma and adrenal rests.
Reduced Gravity Cryogenic Propellant Tank Re-Supply Simulation and Geyser Prediction

Computational modeling of microgravity geyser phenomena is considered in an effort to establish the maturity of one computational tool for its simulation. Verification and validation of the tool against data for a turbulent channel flow, data for the spread of a selfpreserving turbulent axisymmetric jet, and experiment data from geyser flows in a drop tower experiment is presented. A mesh convergence study demonstrates that the mesh used in previous studies was not quite sufficiently refined to produce mesh independent simulations. Critical review of the drop tower experiment and previous studies revealed that more accurate definition of the experiment parameters could be made. Surprisingly, simulations using the improved parameters and the better mesh were in poorer agreement with the experimentally measured geyser height than has been previously reported. With the insight gained from the critical review of the experiment, alterations to a previously proposed correlation for the prediction of geyser height are proposed. The new correlation outperforms its predecessors by producing an RMS error of only 0.09 when used to predict the geyser heights reported for the experiment.
Ammonia forming mechanisms: Deamination of 5′-adenylic acid (AMP) by some polychaete annelids

Abstract 1. 1. AMP∗ and adenosine are deaminated by the polychaete annelids Abarenicola pacifica, Abarenicola vagabunda, Amphitrite robusta, Nereis branti and Schizobranchia insignis. 2. 2. [14C]-AMP is converted to [14C]-IMP by gut homogenates of all these species. 3. 3. The AMP deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.6) in these species is active at high AMP concentrations (5 mM), is strongly activated by ADP or ATP (2· mM) and is more active at pH 8 than at pH 6–6·5. 4. 4. Under the conditions of assay, the ATP activated AMP deaminase is two to five times greater than the adenosine deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.4) activity. 5. 5. A physiological role for this AMP deaminase is postulated.
Reconfigurable regenerator-based interconnect design for ultra-dynamic-voltage-scaling systems

Ultra-dynamic-voltage-scaling (UDVS) is a compelling technique to use nominal supply voltage (V DD ) for providing peak performance while achieving high energy efficiency by opportunistically using near/sub-threshold V DD s under average and low workload. One of the challenges in developing UDVS systems is that circuit fabrics optimized for a specific V DD can exhibit largely sub-optimal performance and energy efficiency at other V DD s. One critical example is the repeater-based interconnect design where the optimal interval of repeater insertion varies with V DD . In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable interconnect design based on an optimized regenerator to improve performance and energy efficiency across a wide range of V DD s.
Upper Pleistocene human dispersals out of Africa: A Review of the current state of the debate

Although there is a general consensus on African origin of early modern humans, there is disagreement about how and when they dispersed to Eurasia. This paper reviews genetic and Middle Stone Age/Middle Paleolithic archaeological literature from northeast Africa, Arabia, and the Levant to assess the timing and geographic backgrounds of Upper Pleistocene human colonization of Eurasia. At the center of the discussion lies the question of whether eastern Africa alone was the source of Upper Pleistocene human dispersals into Eurasia or were there other loci of human expansions outside of Africa? The reviewed literature hints at two modes of early modern human colonization of Eurasia in the Upper Pleistocene: (i) from multiple Homo sapiens source populations that had entered Arabia, South Asia, and the Levant prior to and soon after the onset of the Last Interglacial (MIS-5), (ii) from a rapid dispersal out of East Africa via the Southern Route (across the Red Sea basin), dating to ~74–60 kya.
Theca is the source of progesterone in experimentally induced atretic follicles of the hamster.

Phenobarbital blockade of ovulation for 3 days in the proestroushamster induces atresia of preovulatory follicles. In vitro incubations of the delayed preovulatory follicles with luteinizing hormone (LH) revealed that as the follicles approach the atretic phase (Day 3 ofdelay)theylose the ability to produce androstenedione (A) and estradiol (E2) but acquire the capacity to produce large quantities of progesterone (P) (Terranova, 1981b). This shift in steroidogenesis, from E2, to P, resembles those alterations in steroidogenesis during the preovulatory period in response to the LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surge. The aim of the present study was to determine the sourceof P in the delayed follicle by in vitro incubation of theca and granulosa, separately, and to contrastand compare steroidogenesis ofthe delayed follicle with preovulatory follicles before and after the LH/FSH surge inthehamster.IncubationofthecawithLH on proestrusand eachday of delay(Days 1-3) revealedthatthecaisa primary source of follicular A and that 2-3 days of ovulatorydelayinducesa decline in the ability of thecato produce A in vitro. Concomitant with the decline in theca A production in vitro was an increaseinthecal P production. A similar shift from A to P production by theca in vitro was observed in preovulatory follicles exposed to an endogenous LH/FSH surge.Granulosacellsfrom proestrous follicles (before the LH surge) and from delayed follicles did not accumulate P in vitro. However after the LH/FSH surge granulosa cellsfrom nondelayed proestrous follicles produced large amounts of P in vitro.Granulosa cells aromatized more A to E2 on Days 1 and 2 ofdelaythannondelayedcontrols; however,by Day 3 of delayaromatizingactivity was reduced. These results indicate that theca is the major source of P in delayed follicles approaching the atretic phase; whereasin post-LH/FSH surge follicles both theca and granulosa cells produce significant quantities of P. In addition, ovulatory delay induced a significant decline in theca A production in vitro similar to that observed in preovulatory follicles after the LH/FSH surges.
Can a length of perfect conductor have a resistance

Abstract Several recent papers, analyzing a limited length of one-dimensional conductor, yield a nonvanishing resistance as the reflection probability of the section approaches zero. Other papers rebut this view. This note augments the rebuttals in a simple and physical way.
From Columbine to Palestine: A comparative analysis of rampage shooters in the United States and volunteer suicide bombers in the Middle East

Previous research comparing rampage shooters in the U.S. and volunteer suicide bombers in the Middle East appears to be virtually non-existent. When these two types of suicidal killers have been mentioned in the same context, it has primarily been to dismiss any possible connections. Rampage shooters are generally assumed to be mentally unbalanced, while suicide bombers are seen as extreme, but rational, political actors. However, this review explores the possibility that the primary differences between the two types of killers are cultural, not individual, and that in terms of their underlying psychology and motivation, they are actually quite similar. In both cases, substantial evidence indicates that these perpetrators of murder-suicide share many of the following characteristics: (1) they had troubled childhoods, (2) they lived in oppressive social environments, (3) they suffered from low self-esteem, (4) they were triggered by a personal crisis, (5) they were seeking revenge, and (6) they were seeking fame and glory.
Quark quantum numbers and the problem of microphysical observation

The main question addressed in this essay is whether quarks have been observed in any sense and, if so, what might be meant by this use of the term, ‘observation’. In the first (or introductory) section of the paper, I explain that well-known researchers are divided on the answers to these important questions. In the second section, I investigate microphysical observation in general. Here I argue that Wilson's analogy between observation by means of high-energy accelerators and observation by means of microscopes is misleading, for at least three reasons. Moreover, so long as high-energy “observation” is accomplished by means of spark or bubble chambers, then sentences about these observations do not meet Maxwell's criterion, that observation statements are quickly decidable. I argue, however, that this criterion is not a good norm for what is observable in high-energy physics, both because it would result in our describing a great many allegedly observed particle events as unobserved or theoretical, and because it fails to distinguish the reasons why some observation statements might not be quickly decidable. Most important, Maxwell's criterion fails because, contrary to Hanson's analysis, it presupposes that “seeing” does not involve both “seeing as” and “seeing that.”
Person Tracking with Audio-Visual Cues Using the Iterative Decoding Framework

Tracking humans in an indoor environment is an essential part of surveillance systems. Vision based and microphone array based trackers have been extensively researched in the past. Audio-visual tracking frameworks have also been developed. In this paper we consider human tracking to be a specific instance of a more general problem of information fusion in multimodal systems. Dynamic Bayesian networks have been the modeling technique of choice to build such information fusion schemes. The complexity and non-Gaussianity of distributions of the dynamic Bayesian networks for such multimodal systems have led to the use of particle filters as an approximate inference technique. In this paper we present an alternative approach to the information fusion problem. The iterative decoding algorithm is based on the theory of turbo codes and factor graphs used in communication systems. We modify and adapt the iterative decoding algorithm to do probabilistic inference for the problem of tracking humans in an indoor space, using multiple cameras and microphone arrays.
Cross-cultural emotion responses to form, color, and typeface designs

This is a work-in progress paper, describing the design of an experiment to measure emotional responses to form, color, and typeface design in study participants from non-US cultural backgrounds. The purpose is to determine the degree to which general patterns of response from English speaking, non-US participants resemble or differ from responses from English speaking, US-study participants.
Congenital obstructing posterior urethral membranes (COPUM): Further evidence for a common morphological diagnosis

Young's classification of urethral valves has been challenged by endoscopic and post-mortem evidence, but as yet has not been abandoned. A recent review of Young's original work, which also reported conversion of type III valves to type I, identified a need to reassess the morphology of congenital posterior urethral obstruction. These seven cases support the contention that there is a common morphology for most boys with congenital obstruction of the posterior urethra.
The Impact of Operating and Financial Risk on Equity Risk

This paper empirically investigates a complete theoretical model relating the operating characteristics of a firm to the total, systematic, and unsystematic risk of its equity. The degree of operating leverage, the ratio of net profits to firm value, and the variability of unit output are all found to be positively correlated with each of the three risk measures. The degree of financial leverage, while positively related to total and unsystematic risk, does not appear to be related to systematic risk. After controlling for the business risk of the firm, no evidence can be found of an interaction between the degree of operating leverage and the degree of financial leverage.
Marital Instability Among the Kpelle: Towards a Theory of Epainogamy

AFTER only a few months of field research among the Kpelle of Central Liberia, it became quite apparent that marital instability was not uncommon and that litigation over rights in women-"woman palaver"-was widespread. It was only after a detailed analysis of the field data that the writer could arrive at a hypothesis which it was felt could explain the relatively high incidence of marital instability among the Kpelle. However, for ease of communication in this paper the order will be reversed. The hypothesis which was ultimately formulated will be presented and, following this, the supporting data in the form of a description and analysis of marriage among the Kpelle.
Multichannel optical correlator based on a mutually incoherent microlaser array.

A robust and high-light-efficiency optical correlator is presented that utilizes a spatially incoherent light source array as the illuminator and a pixelated electrically addressed spatial light modulator (SLM) as the input device. Multiple spectra created by all light sources overlap one another in the spectrum plane and are filtered by a spatially multiplexed matched filter. The output is the superposition of correlations from all light source channels. In comparison with the classical optical correlator the robust correlator has advantages with respect to immunity to coherent noise and compatibility with pixelated SLM’s and has high energy efficiency, high output intensity, and a high signal-to-noise ratio.
On the decomposition of self-dual codes over F2+uF2 with an automorphism of odd prime order

We present a general theory of decomposing self-dual codes over F"2+uF"2 that have an automorphism of odd prime order. Using this decomposition we classify all Lee-extremal/optimal self-dual codes of lengths 9 to 16 with an odd order automorphism and partially classify those of lengths 17 to 20. In particular we find 945 inequivalent Lee-extremal self-dual codes of length 20.
Low overhead high yield integrated surveys

Traditionally, a system of survey activities is often conducted as a separate process, apart from the target system, which includes explicit invitations to a predefined or randomly selected group of users, collection of data from submitted forms and compilation into various analytical reports for decision making. Such a process is expensive and time consuming. Also, since traditional surveys are often conducted after the system usage, the users' experiences with the system become somewhat detached in responding to survey invitations at a later time, causing the concentrations and interests to decrease during this period. So it is likely that they may overlook some vital areas in survey questionnaires where it is most expected for them to respond with pragmatic thoughts within the context of the system environment; thus, straying away from the actual purpose of the survey. To eliminate these difficulties, the integration capabilities of any computer-based system can be carefully utilized for accumulating system usage data, workflow path traversal, calculating various feature ranks, as well as light-weight feedbacks at users' own will while they are using the system. In addition, displaying significant real-time system usage statistics, as well as historical data at relevant areas in the system workflow enables the users to be more aware of the dynamicity of the system components, which implicitly encourages them to drop few responses to very simple questions while traversing through the system. In this paper, we propose a framework for an integrated survey mechanism for computer-based systems that is able to serve most of the purposes of conducting manual surveys for the assessment of the system itself, as well as its users.
Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks

Abstract A system for Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) is under development at The University of Arizona. The current core of this system is an adaptive Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model that estimates rainfall rates using infrared satellite imagery and ground-surface information. The model was initially calibrated over the Japanese Islands using remotely sensed infrared data collected by the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) and ground-based data collected by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS). The model was then validated for both the Japanese Islands (using GMS and AMeDAS data) and the Florida peninsula (using GOES-8 and NEXRAD data). An adaptive procedure is used to recursively update the network parameters when ground-based data are available. This feature dramatically improves the estimation performance in response to the diverse precipitation characteristics of different geographical regio...
Nutrient dynamics of a Puerto Rican subtropical dry forest

The distribution of the nutrients N, P and K in soil and vegetation and their mobility through litterfall and decomposition in mature and successional stands of a subtropical dry forest were studied in Guanica, Puerto Rico. Soils of the Guanica forest have high total amounts of N (9100 kg/ha), P (1820 kg/ha), and K (7460 kg/ha). However, high extractable Ca (>4000 mg/g) and pH (> 7–8) may explain why only 1.3 and 25% of the total P and K, respectively, were extractable. Total ecosystem storage of N, P and K was 10,300, 1900 and 7700 kg/ha, respectively, of which vegetation stored only 10, 2 and 3%, respectively. Litterfall returned 26, 18 and 180% per year of the N, P and K stored in the ground litter compartment. Trees retranslocated about 30 and 65% of the N and P required to satisfy aboveground net primary production and immobilized P in dead roots. Slow leaf decomposition (7.3 yr for 95% decomposition) released K faster than mass, P as fast as mass, and ash and N slower than mass. The use efficiency of P by litterfall was high compared with other tropical forests, while that of N and K was similar to other tropical and temperate forests. Cutting and regrowth of vegetation resulted in differences in the nutrient concentration in litterfall and nutrient use efficiency of successional vegetation.
Daily and alternate day supplementation of urea or soybean meal to ruminants consuming low-quality cool-season forage: I—Effects on efficiency of nitrogen use and nutrient digestion

Five RambouilletPolypay wethers (5272 kg BW; Experiment 1) and 5 AngusHer- eford steers (464726 kg BW; Experiment 2) were used in two incomplete 5 � 4 Latin squares with four 18-d periods to determine the influence of supplemental N source and supplementation frequency (SF) on efficiency of N use, nutrient intake, and nutrient digestion in ruminants consuming hard fescue straw (4.7% CP). Wethers and steers were provided straw at 120% of the previous 5 d average intake in two equal portions at 0730 h and 1900 h. Treatments (TRT) included an unsupplemented control (CON) and a urea (29% CP) or soybean meal (SBM; 26% CP) supplement provided daily (D) or every-other-day (2D) at 0700 h. In Experiment 1, supplemental CP was provided at 0.10% of BW daily and 0.20% of BW every-other-day for D and 2D supplemented wethers, respectively. Feces and urine were collected on d 13-18 for calculation of N balance and blood samples were obtained 4 h post-supplementation on d 13-18 for analysis of plasma urea-N (PUN). In Experiment 2, D TRT were supplemented CP at 0.04% of BW/day while 2D TRT received 0.08% of BW every-other-day. Feces were collected on d 13-18 for estimation of nutrient digestibility. Dry matter intake, OM intake, N intake, N retention, DM, OM, and N digestibility, and digested N retained were greater (Po0.01) for supplemented wethers compared with CON with no differences (P40.05) because of N source or SF. There were no differences in fecal or urinary N excretion because of supplementation, SF, or N source (P40.10). However, PUN was increased (Po0.01) in supplemented lambs compared with CON, whereas urea TRT had greater (Po0.01) PUN compared with SBM. Plasma urea-N was also increased (P¼0.05) for D compared with 2D TRT. Straw and total DM and OM intake were greater (P≤0.02) for supplemented steers compared with CON; however, DM and OM digestibility was not influenced (P≥0.25) because of supplementation or SF. These results suggest that supplements containing urea or SBM as the supplemental N source
Language switching and language representation in Spanish-English bilinguals: an fMRI study.

The current experiment was designed to investigate the nature of cognitive control in within- and between-language switching in bilingual participants. To examine the neural substrate of language switching we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as subjects named pictures in one language only or switched between languages. Participants were also asked to name (only in English) a separate set of pictures as either the actions or the objects depicted or to switch between these two types of responses on each subsequent picture. Picture naming compared to rest revealed activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which extended down into Broca’s area in the left hemisphere. There were no differences in the activation pattern for each language. English and Spanish both activated overlapping areas of the brain. Similarly, there was no difference in activation for naming actions or objects in English. However, there was increased intensity of activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for switching between languages relative to no-switching, an effect which was not observed for naming of actions or objects in English. We suggest that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex serves to attenuate interference that results from having to actively enhance and suppress two languages in alternation. These results are consistent with the view that switching between languages involves increased general executive processing. Finally, our results are consistent with the view that different languages are represented in overlapping areas of the brain in early bilinguals. © 2001 Academic Press
FLUID PROPERTY EVALUATION BY PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTALS OPERATING IN THE THICKNESS SHEAR MODE

Hydrodynamic coupling between a fluid and a planar piezoelectric crystal operating in the thickness shear mode provides a powerful, yet remarkably simple means to characterize fluid properties. Equations describing hydrodynamic coupling are developed for Newtonian fluids. This analysis takes into account, for the first time, the influence of a nonuniform piezoelectric crystal surface velocity. In particular, a Gaussian velocity distribution, suggested by other work, yields a functional relationship between hydrodynamic coupling and the fluid viscosity/density product that is in agreement with experiment. Beginning with these results, analytical methods for measuring individually the fluid visocity and density are described. Finally, it is demonstrated experimentally that the automatic gain control from the piezoelectric crystal oscillation circuit provides a ready means of fluid property characterization.
Genetic Exchange Leading to Self-Assembling RNA Species upon Encapsulation in Artificial Protocells

The encapsulation of information-bearing macromolecules inside protocells is a critical step in scenarios for the origins of life on the Earth as well as for the construction of artificial living systems. For these protocells to emulate life, they must be able to transmit genetic information to other cells. We have used a water-in-oil emulsion system to simulate the compartmentalization of catalytic RNA molecules. By exploiting RNA-directed recombination reactions previously developed in our laboratory, including a ribozyme self-assembly pathway, we demonstrate that it is possible for information to be exchanged among protocells. This can happen either indirectly by the passage of divalent cations through the inter-protocellular medium (oil), or by the direct interaction of two or more protocells that allows RNA molecules to be exchanged. The degree of agitation affects the ability of such exchange. The consequences of these results include the implications that prototypical living systems can transmit information among compartments, and that the environment can regulate the extent of this crosstalk.
Role Perceptions of Principals Wasted Days and Wasted Nights

Fifty years ago most of the principal's time was spent on clerical, administrative, and other non- instructional duties. Today schools are larger, in structional methods have changed, and the prin cipal's role is largely unchanged. If it ever is to change support is needed.
Vanilla bicolor Lindl. (Orchidaceae) from the Peruvian Amazon: auto-fertilization in Vanilla and notes on floral phenology

Minimal documentation exists for natural pollination in wild Vanilla spp., despite the economic importance of this genus, additionally commercial vanilla (V. planifolia Jacks.) is one of very few crops whose production depends entirely on artificial pollination. Flowering and fruiting phenology of Vanillabicolor Lindl., a close relative of V. planifolia, was documented in a palm swamp in the Peruvian Amazon. V. bicolor was found to auto-fertilize via bagging experiments. This ecotype had an average fruit set per raceme of 42.50 ± 2.5%. Pollen removal experiments suggest that stigmatic leak may be the mechanism by which auto-pollination occurs in V. bicolor.
Huntington's disease--making connections.

A protein that regulates gene expression may be the key to the neurodegeneration observed in Huntington's disease.
The Mother of God's People: The Adoration of the Holy Spirit in the Eighteenth-Century Brüdergemeine

“Lord God, now we praise you, you worthy Holy Spirit! The church in unity honors you, the mother of Christendom. All the angels and the host of heaven and whoever serves the honor of the Son; also the cherubim and seraphim, sing with a clear voice: ‘Divine majesty, who proceeds from the Father, who praises the Son as the creator and points to his suffering.’ … Daily O Mother! whoever knows you and the Savior glorifies you because you bring the gospel to all the world.” These lines are from the Te Matrem , a prayer to the Holy Spirit that for nearly thirty years was a regular part of worship for a German Protestant group known as the Brudergemeine . The Brudergemeine , commonly called the Moravian Church today, was an international religious community that developed an elaborate and creative liturgical life for its carefully regulated communities. The Brethren's intense devotion to the suffering of Christ is the most famous aspect of their worship, but in the mid-eighteenth century their leader, Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, actively encouraged the Brudergemeine to worship the Holy Spirit as the mother of the church. Surprisingly, though, this aspect of Zinzendorf's theology has been largely overlooked or downplayed by historians and theologians in the past two hundred years. When it has been discussed, it has been dismissed as a brief aberration or experiment that was discarded after the so-called Sifting Time ( Sichtungzeit .) The Sifting Time was a period of liturgical and social excess in the community, the details of which remain quite obscure. The Brethren used the word Sichtungzeit to refer to a time when the community was in danger of becoming a fanatical sect. Dates for the Sifting Time range from a high of 1736–52 to a low of 1746–49, but the most common dating is 1743–50. This article will show that the use of maternal imagery for the Holy Spirit was not a tangential or quixotic aspect of Zinzendorf's theology, but thrived for more than thirty years and was, in Zinzendorf's words, “an extremely important and essential point … and all our Gemeine and praxis hangs on this point.”
Viral transactivators specifically target distinct cellular protein kinases that phosphorylate the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain

Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II has been implicated as an important step in transcriptional regulation. Previously, we reported that a cellular CTD kinase, TAK, is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator Tat. In the present study, we analyzed several other transactivators for the ability to interact with CTD kinases in vitro. The adenovirus E1A and herpes simplex virus VP16 proteins, but not other transactivators tested, were found to associate with a cellular kinase activity that hyperphosphorylates the CTD. The interaction is dependent upon a functional activation domain of E1A or VP16, suggesting that the interaction with a CTD kinase is relevant for the transactivation function of these proteins. The CTD kinase activities that interact with E1A and VP16 are related to each other but distinct from TAK. The Tat-, E1A- and VP16-associated CTD kinase activities detected in our assay also appear unrelated to MO15, the catalytic component of the CTD kinase activity of the general transcription factor TFIIH. Thus, this study has identified a novel interaction between viral transactivators and a cellular CTD kinase and suggests that at least two CTD kinases may mediate responses to viral transactivators.
Calculating Stage Duration Statistics in Multistage Diseases

Many human diseases are characterized by multiple stages of progression. While the typical sequence of disease progression can be identified, there may be large individual variations among patients. Identifying mean stage durations and their variations is critical for statistical hypothesis testing needed to determine if treatment is having a significant effect on the progression, or if a new therapy is showing a delay of progression through a multistage disease. In this paper we focus on two methods for extracting stage duration statistics from longitudinal datasets: an extension of the linear regression technique, and a counting algorithm. Both are non-iterative, non-parametric and computationally cheap methods, which makes them invaluable tools for studying the epidemiology of diseases, with a goal of identifying different patterns of progression by using bioinformatics methodologies. Here we show that the regression method performs well for calculating the mean stage durations under a wide variety of assumptions, however, its generalization to variance calculations fails under realistic assumptions about the data collection procedure. On the other hand, the counting method yields reliable estimations for both means and variances of stage durations. Applications to Alzheimer disease progression are discussed.
A novel efficient algorithm for scattering from a complex BOR using mixed finite elements and cylindrical PML

An efficient finite-element method (FEM) is developed to compute scattering from a complex body of revolution (BOR). The BOR is composed of a perfect conductor and impedance surfaces and arbitrary inhomogeneous materials. The method uses edge-based vector basis functions to expand the transverse field components and node-based scalar basis functions to expand the angular component. The use of vector basis functions eliminates the problem of spurious solutions suffered by other three component FEM formulations. The FEM mesh is truncated with a perfectly matched layer (PML) in cylindrical coordinates. The use of PML in cylindrical coordinates avoids the wasted computation which results from a spherical mesh boundary with an elongated scatterer. The FEM equations are solved by ordering the unknowns with a reverse Cuthill-McKee algorithm and applying a banded-matrix solution algorithm. The method is capable of handling large, realistic radar targets, and good agreement with measured results is achieved for benchmark targets.