cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fresh grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves: Postharvest biology and handling recommendations

Abstract Developing grapevine leaves are harvested for the preparation of stuffed dolmas. Fresh leaves are preferred, but since they are perishable and can be harvested at ideal maturity for only a limited period, most leaves for dolmas are currently preserved. This research on fresh grapevine leaves (var. Thompson Seedless) was conducted over three seasons, and focused on their postharvest performance in relation to leaf maturity, respiration rates, storage temperature, water loss and packaging, and decay control. Appropriate leaf maturity for dolmas are leaves that are bright green and not yet fully expanded. The 4 leaf maturity stages that can be harvested commercially for dolmas are clearly delineated by differences in color, and corresponding color values and pigment concentrations. Sugar, acid, and phenolic concentrations and % dry weight vary little among the 4 maturity stages studied. Respiration rates of grapevine leaves (mature for dolmas) are moderate, about 350 µmol CO2 kg−1 h − 1 at 5 °C. Grapevine leaves can be stored for 4–8 weeks at 0 °C. A storage period of 1 month can be expected if they are stored in the range of 0–5 °C. Grapevine leaves can be stored below 0 °C but freezing injury occurs near -2.5 °C. Water loss at 8–10% is needed to reduce marketable quality (loss of gloss, leaf curling, browning). Botrytis decay is the major limitation to storage life and decay incidence varied from harvest to harvest. Decay is partially retarded by high CO2 atmospheres (10–15% v/v), but is more effectively controlled by hot water dips of 47.5 °C to 52 °C (15 to 9 min). Grapevine leaves harvested for dolmas do not show yellowing during aging or senescence when held below 10 °C.
Carbonyl 1,2-transposition through triflate-mediated α-amination.

To date, it remains challenging to selectively migrate a carbonyl oxygen within a given molecular scaffold, especially to an adjacent carbon. In this work, we describe a simple one- or two-pot prot...
Adaptive spatial filters for Diacoustic/sup /spl reg// analysis of mechanical systems

It has been shown that in many cases wavelet analysis of the sounds of machines will reveal whether they are normal, failing or failed. The human observer can see the differences in false color images of the time-frequency pattern. The objective of this research is to design spatial filters that can be used to recognize the state of a mechanical system from its wavelet sound pattern. Such filters should be adaptive for two reasons: first, each instance of a given type of machine will have subtle sound pattern differences due to age, employment and the particular installation. Secondly, and more importantly, one would like to maximize the generality of the application such that a given instance of Diacoustic/sup /spl reg// analysis can analyze the health of the broadest possible range of similar machines. This paper addresses techniques of identifying classes of failure using two dimensional spatial filters. The filters used are characterized by two (orthogonal) measures for features in the wavelet patterns.
Wavelet-based blotch detection in old movies using an adaptive MRME scheme

In this work, we are interested in detecting blotches in degraded old films. Most often, compensating the motion between the supposed degraded image and the reference ones is performed prior to the detection in order to reduce the false alarms due to the object motions. The novelty of the approach we propose in this paper is to integrate the motion estimation procedure into the detection procedure itself in order to improve the performances. More precisely, our rationale is to exploit not only the intensity similarities between regions of the degraded image and the one to be compensated, but also the orientation similarities of the image structures at different resolution levels. The evaluation performances performed on real color degraded (digitized) films show clearly the gain drawn from the proposed approach.
Portal pressure and medication by percutaneous splenic route; an experimental study.

Abstract The spleens of experimental animals were transfixed beneath the skin to facilitate the study of portal pressures and cirrhosis. It was hoped that a fibrosing agent could be introduced indirectly into the portal system by percutaneous injection and that this might result in cirrhosis with portal hypertension. The fibrosing agent used was silicon dioxide. The method failed in part at least, because the quartz caused fibrosis and occasional infection of the subcutaneously placed spleen before enough time elapsed for liver damage to occur. There is reason to believe that the particles of quartz reached the liver by the route outlined and that possibly a cirrhosis could be produced by this method using some other fibrosing agent administered over a longer time. Attempts were made to determine portal pressure through the splenic pulp of the subcutaneous spleen. It was found that a simple rough determination could be obtained in this manner. Accurate measurements must still depend upon the open abdomen with correction to a common base. It is pointed out that there is much variation in the normal portal pressure of the dog and that changes must be interpreted with care. Elevations formerly reported as portal hypertension are quite within the range we found to be normal and physiologic.
Maximum likelihood and two-step estimation of an ordered-probit selection model

We discuss the estimation of a regression model with an ordered-probit selection rule. We have written a Stata command, oheckman, that computes two-step and full-information maximum-likelihood esti...
The infrared spectra and symmetry of fluorocompounds adsorbed on lanthanide halides: The fluorine bond

Abstract When covalent fluorine-containing compounds are brought in contact with rare earth metal halides they adhere strongly to the surface. We have studied the i.r. spectra of the following compounds adsorbed on rare earth metal halides: CF4CF3Cl,CF2Cl2, HCF2Cl,C2F4Cl2, and C2F2H2. In all cases the spectra of the adsorbed species resemble quite closely those of their gaseous analogs. The fundamental stretching modes remain essentially unaltered, but the bending modes are usually not observed; neither are the combination and overtone bands. We have seen no previous reports of this kind of bonding in the literature. We shall refer to it as fluorine bonding. Fluorine containing molecules would be expected to sit on the surface of rare earth metal halides in a manner which permits the maximum number of fluorine atoms to contact the surface consistent with the most probable structure. This requirement stabilizes the adsorbed molecule in a definite conformation, thus permitting the i.r. spectrum of that conformation to be measured. This prediction led us to conclude that our experimental observations could lead to a method of conformational analysis. We verified this conclusion by measuring the spectrum of C2F4Cl2 on the surface of ErCl3 and ErF3. The molecule would be expected to sit on the surface in either the cis or gauche form. By comparison with published data we ascertained that the gauche form of the molecule is stabilized on adsorption. In the discussion below we have drawn many conclusions about the adsorbed molecules listed above. In the future we shall test other molecules and attempt to verify the suitability of the method for conformational analysis. Of particular interest was the failure of C2F2H2 to be adsorbed. We hope to examine similar compounds and see if this is a peculiarity of unsaturated compounds.
Testing for top-down control: can post-disturbance fisheries closures reverse algal dominance?

The response of fish, sea urchins, benthic cover, herbivory, and predation on sea urchins were studied over a 14-year period in and out of a recently established fully closed and fished atoll reef lagoon of the remote Glover's Reef, Belize. Closure from fishing was predicted to result in the recovery of predatory fish and herbivores, herbivory rates, and subsequently reduce erect algae and lead to the recovery of herbivore resistant and calcifying taxa such as hard corals and calcifying algae. Recovery of predatory fishes was the largest response to closure and the herbivore response was weak and no corals and calcifying algae changed in the predicted direction. Hard corals declined where they were most abundant and all sites appear to have reached a stable point of ~15% cover by the end of the study. Generalized and possibly opportunistic carnivores, such as jacks, barracuda, groupers, snappers, grunts, and sparids showed the greatest increases and there was a trend towards more small-bodied herbivores such sea urchins and damselfish in the open and a slight gain in large herbivores in the closed area, but this had little effect in increasing total herbivory. Factors that may have influenced this unexpected response include: (1) a complex food web that did not produce a simple cascade response; (2) attenuation of the cascade effect towards the lower trophic levels; (3) insufficient compliance, closure time, and space; (4) a post- rather than pre-disturbance establishment of the closure; 5) habitat or site specificity; and (6) overriding environmental disturbances, such as oceanographic oscillations and a warming climate. The results suggest a need to further evaluate fisheries management systems, contingencies, and interventions that will promote coral reef resilience to climate change and ecosystem sustainability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NLTE effects of Ti~I in M dwarfs and giants

We present detailed NLTE Ti~I calculations in model atmospheres of cool dwarf and giant stars. A fully self-consistent NLTE treatment for a Ti~I model atom with 395 levels and 5279 primary bound-bound transitions is included, and we discuss the implication of departures from LTE in this atom for the strengths of Ti~I lines and TiO molecular bands in cool star spectra. We show that in the atmospheric parameter range investigated, LTE is a poor approximation to Ti~I line formation, as expected from the low collisional rates in cool stars. The secondary effects of Ti~I overionization on the TiO number density and the TiO molecular opacities, however, are found to be negligible in the molecular line forming region for the relatively small parameter range studied in this paper.
Utility of popular software defect models

Numerical models can be used to track and predict the number of defects in developmental and operational software. This paper introduces techniques to critically assess the effectiveness of software defect reduction efforts as the data is being gathered. This can be achieved by observing the fundamental shape of the cumulative defect discovery curves and by judging how quickly the various defect models converge to common predictions of long term software performance.
The Superintendent's Leadership Role in School Improvement: Relationships Between Authenticity and Best Practices

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between superintendent leadership and the operational processes of school improvement. School district superintendents (N = 226) from six southeastern states were surveyed concerning their leadership authenticity and school improvement practices. Descriptive statistics, analyzes of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and structure equation modeling were used to analyze the data. A significant and positive relationship was found between superintendent levels of leadership authenticity and their districts’ use of best practices in the school improvement process. Implications for practice in academic professional preparation programs, for practicing administrators, and for governing boards are discussed.
The Road to Greener IT Pastures

Developing a green IT strategy for any organization, large or small, is critical to establishing a culture where the focus is on reducing cost and addressing both imminent regulatory pressure and increased scrutiny of carbon-neutral strategies. This paper discusses the "green practices" that can be used by organisations for energy efficiency improvements and also to avoid potential disruptions to existing infrastructure.
School‐based mental health services: The Baltimore models

Through a variety of state and local funding and administrative arrangements, expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs have been developed in nearly half of the 176 Baltimore City schools over the past decade. These programs augment existing services provided by the school and help to ensure that a comprehensive range of services (assessment, prevention, case management, treatment) are available to youth in special and regular education. Baltimore's leadership in the emerging ESMH field led to the development of the Center for School Mental Health Assistance (CSMHA), one of two national centers that provide support and technical assistance to promote comprehensive mental health programs for youth in schools. This paper shares experiences associated with the growth of ESMH programs in Baltimore and activities and initiatives of the CSMHA. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stimulation of ACTH release by human interleukin-1β, but not by interleukin-1α, in conscious, freely-moving rats

Abstract Ever since two distinct molecules of human interleukin-1 (termed interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β) were cloned, sequencd and expressed, it has been a matter of investigation whether these two forms of interleukin-1 possess an identical spectrum of biological activities. Our current studies of interleukin-1 and its involvement in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have indicated that there is a clear-cut differential response to interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β. The intravenous injection of human recombinant interleukin-1β significantly increased the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone in a dose-related manner, whereas interleukin-1α did not. This observation suggests for the first time that the two members of the interleukin-1 family may have a different spectrum of biological actions.
On weakly guiding single-mode optical waveguides

This paper presents a powerful technique to treat the problem of wave propagation along weakly guiding single-mode optical waveguides. The shape as well as the 3-D index variation of the guide may be quite arbitrary as along as the weakly guiding character is preserved. The technique is based on the solution of a scalar-wave equation by the forward-marching fast Fourier transform (FFT) method. Excellent agreements were obtained, with known solutions, for various optical guiding structures. We have also demonstrated the capability of this technique to treat other exotic single-mode structures.
Diffuse multinodular oncocytoma ("oncocytosis") of the parotid gland.

A multinodular parotid tumor in a 63-year-old man occupied almost the entire gland and was found to represent diffuse oncocytic growth. The literature on salivary gland oncocytoma is reviewed. This case appears to be a unique example of diffuse proliferation of oxyphilic granular cells (oncocytes) virtually replacing the normal parotid acinar structure. There was no evidence of local or distant spread.
A new species of fossil lorisid from the miocene of east africa

Almost 50 years after its discovery, a cranium from the early Miocene of Rusinga Island, Kenya, is designated the type specimen for a new lorisid species in the genusMioeuoticus. This new species differs fromMioeuoticus bishopi in a number of dental attributes. Several cranial features place this species in Lorisidae, where it may represent the sister group to living lorises.
Effects of Intravenous Nesiritide on Human Coronary Vasomotor Regulation and Myocardial Oxygen Uptake

Background— Nesiritide, recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide, has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of decompensated heart failure. The effects of intravenous nesiritide on the human coronary vasculature have not been studied. Methods and Results— Ten patients underwent right and left heart catheterization. Baseline coronary blood flow was determined using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and an intracoronary Doppler-tipped guidewire. Myocardial oxygen uptake was measured using a coronary sinus catheter. Patients then received an intravenous infusion of nesiritide (2 μg/kg bolus followed by 0.01 μg/kg per min infusion) for 30 minutes. Right atrial pressure decreased 52% (P=0.012), pulmonary artery mean pressure decreased 19% (P=0.03), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased 46% (P=0.002), and mean arterial pressure decreased 11% (P=0.007). QCA demonstrated a 15% increase in coronary artery diameter from a baseline of 2.6±0.8 to 3.0±0.8 mm at 30 minutes (P=0.007). The corona...
Application-specific I/O Optimizations on Petascale Supercomputers☆

Abstract Data-intensive science frontiers and challenges are emerg ing as computer technology has evolved substantially. Large-scale simu lations demand significant I/O workload, and as a result the I/O performance often becomes a bottleneck preventing high performance in scientific applications. In this paper we introduce a variety of I/O optimization techniques developed and imple mented when scaling a seismic application to petascale. These techniques include file system striping, data aggreg ation, reader/writer limit ing and less interleaving of data, collective MPI-IO, and data staging. The optimizations result in nearly perfect scalability of the target applicat ion on some of the most advanced petascale systems. The techniques introduced in this paper are applicab le to other scientific applications facing similar petascale I/O challenges.
Rule Learning and Rule Interference in Trigram Encodings

The discovery and use of transformational rules as well as subsequent interference among such rules was investigated. 24 single-solution trigrams were permuted from their respective solution-words by a uniform letter-order rule (LOR) and assigned to one of 2 lists. LORs were either the same for both lists or different. Two control groups were included to assess the effects of practice on anagram solution and of prior rule-learning experience. Ss were simply asked to discover and say aloud the solution words. There was no suggestion that rules could be formulated. Comparisons among conditions using mean median solution time for successive blocks of list-items indicated that (a) practice has no effect on solution time with nonrule materials, (b) encoding rule learning does occur, and (c) when rules are changed (List I to List II) solution time increases significantly, i.e., encoding rule interference results.
EphA4 is Necessary for Spatially Selective Peripheral Somatosensory Topography

Somatosensation is the primary sensory modality employed by rodents in navigating their environments, and mystacial vibrissae on the snout are the primary conveyors of this information to the murine brain. The layout of vibrissae is spatially stereotyped and topographic connections faithfully maintain this layout throughout the neuraxis. Several factors have been shown to influence general vibrissal innervation by trigeminal neurons. Here, the role of a cell surface receptor, EphA4, in directing position-dependent vibrissal innervation is examined. EphA4 is expressed in the ventral region of the presumptive whisker pad and EphA4(-/-) mice lack the ventroposterior-most vibrissae. Analyses reveal that ventral trigeminal axons are abnormal, failing to innervate emerging vibrissae, and resulting in the absence of a select group of vibrissae in EphA4(-/-) mice. EphA4's selective effect on a subset of whiskers implicates cell-based signaling in the establishment of position-dependent connectivity and topography in the peripheral somatosensory system.
The Influence of Dichromate Ions on Aluminum Dissolution Kinetics in Artificial Crevice Electrode Cells

Dissolution kinetics for pits and crevices in aluminum and the effect of dichromate ions on the dissolution kinetics were investigated by using artificial crevice electrodes. The aluminum artificial crevice electrodes were potentiostatically polarized over a range of potential in 0.1 M NaCl solution with and without dichromate ions. The anodic dissolution charge, and cathodic charges for the hydrogen and dichromate reduction reactions, were measured. The addition of dichromate ions did not suppress the active dissolution. This indicates that the mechanism of localized corrosion inhibition by dichromates is something other than anodic inhibition of Al dissolution in the pit or crevice environment. The relative amount of local cathodic reactions on Al was increased by the addition of dichromate because of the dichromate reduction. The initial dissolution of aluminum in a crevice was ohmic controlled. From the change in the dissolution current with time, the conductivity of the crevice and potential at the bottom of crevice were estimated. The conductivity and the bottom potential decreased with the ratio of cathodic charge of hydrogen evolution to anodic dissolution charge. The conductivity in the crevice and thus the dissolution current seem to be controlled by hydrogen evolution and only indirectly by dichromate concentration.
Numerical modeling of fluid and electromagnetic phenomena in an arcjet

An explicit numerical technique is used to solve the axisymmetric reduced electromagnetic field equation. The effect of an electrical arc on a viscous, axisymmetric flow is approximated using an implicit thin layer Navier-Stokes solver with additional electromagnetic source terms in conjunction with the explicit finite difference code.
Understanding early childhood obesity risks: An empirical study using fuzzy signatures

Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. The nature of child obesity data is very complicated with different factors dependent on each other directly or indirectly affecting obesity as a whole. Traditional statistical analysis and machine learning approaches alone are not sufficient to model early childhood obesity risk and its impact on children's motor development. In this paper, we propose a computational model using Fuzzy Signature to understand and handle the intricacies of child obesity data and propose a solution that could be used to handle the risk associated with early childhood obesity and young children's motor development.
Determination of the Total Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Nitrate and the Calibration of a Δ17Ο Nitrate Reference Material

A thermal decomposition method was developed and tested for the simultaneous determination of δ18O and δ17Ο in nitrate. The thermal decomposition of AgNO3 allows for the rapid and accurate determination of 18O/16O and 17O/16O isotopic ratios with a precision of ±1.5‰ for δ18O and ±0.11‰ for Δ17Ο (Δ17Ο = δ17Ο − 0.52 × δ18O). The international nitrate isotope reference material IAEA-NO3 yielded a δ18O value of +23.6‰ and Δ17Ο of −0.2‰, consistent with normal terrestrial mass-dependent isotopic ratios. In contrast, a large sample of NaNO3 from the Atacama Desert, Chile, was found to have Δ17Ο = 21.56 ± 0.11‰ and δ18O = 54.9 ± 1.5‰, demonstrating a substantial mass-independent isotopic composition consistent with the proposed atmospheric origin of the desert nitrate. It is suggested that this sample (designated USGS-35) can be used to generate other gases (CO2, CO, N2O, O2) with the same Δ17Ο to serve as measurement references for a variety of applications involving mass-independent isotopic compositions in e...
Replication Study of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania–Adult Version in a Clinically Characterized Sample

In the present study, we evaluated the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania–Adult Version (MIST-A) in a replication sample of clinically characterized hair pullers using exploratory factor analysis (EFA; N = 193). EFA eigenvalues and visual inspection of our scree plot revealed a two-factor solution. Factor structure coefficients and internal consistencies suggested a 13-item scale with an 8-item “Intention” scale and a 5-item “Emotion” scale. Both scales displayed good construct and discriminant validity. These findings indicate the need for a revised scale that provides a more refined assessment of pulling phenomenology that can facilitate future treatment advances.
Occlusive coronary artery disease and parental history of myocardial infarction.

Abstract The extent of coronary occlusive disease as determined by arteriography was correlated with parental history of MI in this study of 1671 male and 520 female heart patients. In both male and female patients having no or minimal occlusive disease, a significantly lower proportion was found to have parental history of MI than did those with more extensive disease. Parental history of MI was included in a multiple linear regression model along with age, plasma cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, cigarette smoking, and alcohol intake as independent variables and the extent of occlusive disease was used as the dependent variable. This analysis indicated that parental MI history had a significant association with occlusive disease that cannot be accounted for by elevations of the other risk factors. Certain risk factors (i.e., cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, and diabetes) were found to be highly correlated to the severity of coronary occlusion. For patients with lower levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking, and diabetes, significantly greater occlusion was observed in patients with a parental MI history compared with those who did not. For patients with higher levels of these risk factors, the association between parental history of MI and degree of occlusion was minimal. The results suggest that parental history of MI may play a direct causal role in the pathogenesis of coronary occlusive disease.
Isomorphisms, hylomorphisms and hereditarily finite data types in Haskell

This paper is an exploration in a functional programming framework of isomorphisms between elementary data types (natural numbers, sets, bitstrings, finite functions) and their extension to hereditarily finite universes through hylomorphisms derived from ranking and unranking operations. The paper is part of a larger effort to cover in a declarative programming paradigm some fundamental combinatorial generation algorithms along the lines of Knuth's recent work [10]. The self-contained source code of the paper, as generated from a literate Haskell program, is available at http://logic.csci.unt.edu/tarau/research/2008/sfISO.zip.
Evaluation of radiation dose among patients admitted through a university hospital emergency department

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different patient presentations/characteristics on medical imaging and radiation exposure. We collected data on the estimated effective radiation dose (EED) of patients admitted through our University Hospital ER, and analyzed the relationships of patient gender, age, admitting diagnosis, and admission duration on EED. All (592) patients admitted through our ER (with imaging) during 1-week periods in May/November 2009 were included. To compare EEDs according to admission diagnosis, seven categories were created: Cardiopulmonary, Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary, Neurologic, Trauma, Infectious, and Other. EEDs of patients with various admission durations were also evaluated. Units for all EEDs are mSv. Median EED (MEED) for all patients was 4.5. Males (7.8, females = 2.5) and adults (6.1, pediatrics = 1.8) experienced higher MEEDs, but significance was lost after controlling for other variables. MEED increased with admission duration (0.1 for 2 months). Trauma patients experienced the highest MEED (18.3), while patients with gastrointestinal/genitourinary diagnoses experienced the second highest MEED (13.0 mSv for both). Pediatric/male patients experienced heightened radiation exposure, but these relationships were largely due to other variables (higher male frequency/severity of trauma, pediatric patients had shorter admissions and diagnoses requiring less radiologic workup). Patients admitted following trauma and for prolonged durations showed elevated radiation exposure even after adjustment for all other variables. The identification of these relationships may aid in the development and focusing of future radiation awareness/reduction efforts to persons involved in the evaluation and care of patients with these presentations and characteristics.
Reduced Expression of Junctional Adhesion Molecule and Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (CD31) at Human Vascular Endothelial Junctions by Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Plus Interferon-γ Does Not Reduce Leukocyte Transmigration Under Flow

The combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plus interferon (IFN)-gamma has been shown previously to promote redistribution of platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) (CD31), junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), and VE-cadherin away from lateral junctions of human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. In parallel, neutrophil transmigration was significantly reduced. Because PECAM-1 and JAM have been implicated in leukocyte transmigration, the observed redistribution by cytokine activation was presumed to represent the mechanism causing decreased transmigration under static conditions. The current results confirm that culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma caused a decrease in surface-expressed and junctional-localized JAM and PECAM-1, but did not cause decreased leukocyte transmigration in an in vitro flow assay. Furthermore, blocking monoclonal antibody to PECAM-1 still significantly reduced monocyte transmigration, demonstrating that it retains a functional role even though its levels were reduced and redistributed away from junctions, whereas a panel of monoclonal antibodies to JAM failed to reduce leukocyte transmigration. Given the alterations in junction protein location, permeability function was assessed. IFN-gamma alone or TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma significantly increased permeability, but TNF-alpha alone did not, suggesting lack of correlation between transmigration and loss of permeability. In conclusion, cytokine activation induced loss and redistribution of PECAM-1 and JAM away from lateral junctions, but per se does not negatively regulate either neutrophil or monocyte transmigration under flow.
Optical Kerr effect in fiber gyroscopes: effects of nonmonochromatic sources

The effects of source bandwidth on the optical Kerr effect are calculated. We show that the nonreciprocal Kerr bias error in fiber gyroscopes may be substantially reduced by using broadband sources.
Analysis of Pediatric Malignancies for HIV-Integration 798

Purpose: Children infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) are at risk for developing cancers ranging from hematologic malignancies including lymphomas to sarcomas such as leiomyosarcoma. Recently, our laboratory has shown that a subset of adult HIV-associated malignancies contains an integrated-form of HIV and may play a direct role in causing cancer. The current study was undertaken to determine if an integrated form of HIV exists in the same types of tumors in children.
Pharmacokinetics of α-Naphthyl Isothiocyanate in Rats

Many naturally occurring and synthetic isothiocyanates can inhibit chemical carcinogenesis in animal models. Recently, we found that alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (1-NITC) inhibited P-glycoprotein- and multidrug resistance associated protein 1-mediated efflux, indicating the potential application of 1-NITC as a chemosensitizing agent for cancer chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 1-NITC in rats. A single dose of 10, 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg of 1-NITC was administered intravenously or orally to female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4 for each group). Dose-normalized concentration-time profiles were not superimposable following intravenous or oral dosing, indicating that the disposition of 1-NITC in rats was nonlinear. As doses increased from 10 to 75 mg/kg following iv administration, the total clearance decreased from 2.2 +/- 0.9 to 0.8 +/- 0.3 L/h/kg; oral availability averaged 0.46 for oral doses of 10-75 mg/kg. A nonlinear two-compartment open model with capacity-limited absorption and capacity-limited elimination from the central compartment best fit the data, based on goodness-of-fit criteria. The mechanism underlying the nonlinear elimination of 1-NITC in rats is most likely due to the capacity-limited metabolism of 1-NITC. This study represents the first report of the pharmacokinetics of 1-NITC.
Failure of MK-801 to suppress D1 receptor-mediated induction of locomotor activity and striatal preprotachykinin mRNA expression in the dopamine-depleted rat.

Abstract N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonism exerts suppressive influences over dopamine D1 receptor-mediated striatal gene expression and locomotor behavior in the intact rat. The present study examined the effects of the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 on locomotor activity and striatal preprotachykinin mRNA expression stimulated by the D1 agonist (±)6-chloro-7, 8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H -3-benzazepine hydrobromide in rats with bilateral dopamine lesions. Two months after neonatal dopamine lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine, rats were challenged with (±)6-chloro-7, 8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H -3-benzazepine hydrobromide (1.0mg/kg) 15 min after administration of the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.1mg/kg). In the intact rat, MK-801 prevented the induction of striatal preprotachykinin mRNA by D1 agonism. Similarly, direct infusion of (±)6-chloro-7, 8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H -3-benzazepine hydrobromide (3.0μg) into the intact striatum produced an increase in locomotor activity that was suppressed by MK-801 (1.0μg) co-infusion. In the dopamine-depleted rat, MK-801 (0.1mg/kg) administered prior to (±)6-chloro-7, 8-dihydroxy-3-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H -3-benzazepine hydrobromide (1.0mg/kg) increased, rather than suppressed, striatal preprotachykinin mRNA levels. Intrastriatal infusion of MK-801 (1.0μg) failed to inhibit D1-mediated induction of motor activity in dopamine-depleted animals. Together, these data provide further support that N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonists lose their ability to block D1-mediated behavioral activation following dopamine depletion. The activation, rather than suppression, of tachykinin neurons of the direct striatonigral pathway may play a facilitatory role in this mechanism.
Detection of emerging space-time clusters

We propose a new class of spatio-temporal cluster detection methods designed for the rapid detection of emerging space-time clusters. We focus on the motivating application of prospective disease surveillance: detecting space-time clusters of disease cases resulting from an emerging disease outbreak. Automatic, real-time detection of outbreaks can enable rapid epidemiological response, potentially reducing rates of morbidity and mortality. Building on the prior work on spatial and space-time scan statistics, our methods combine time series analysis (to determine how many cases we expect to observe for a given spatial region in a given time interval) with new "emerging cluster" space-time scan statistics (to decide whether an observed increase in cases in a region is significant), enabling fast and accurate detection of emerging outbreaks. We evaluate these methods on two types of simulated outbreaks: aerosol release of inhalational anthrax (e.g. from a bioterrorist attack) and FLOO ("Fictional Linear Onset Outbreak"), injected into actual baseline data (Emergency Department records and over-the-counter drug sales data from Allegheny County). We demonstrate that our methods are successful in rapidly detecting both outbreak types while keeping the number of false positives low, and show that our new "emerging cluster" scan statistics consistently outperform the standard "persistent cluster" scan statistics approach.
ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT, USER INVOLVEMENT, AND THE USEFULNESS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS*

This study investigates organizational factors related to user involvement in information system development and perceived system usefulness. Using a sample of 118 usermanagers in 34 companies, the results show that user involvement in design and implementation is related positively to users' perceptions of system usefulness. However, organizational factors were not found to be related significantly to user involvement, as had been originally hypothesized. Rather, organizational factors either had a direct relationship with perceived usefulness or moderated the relationship between involvement and usefulness. Two factors reflecting an MIS department's maturity (size and age) were found to reduce users' perceptions of system usefulness. Also, users at higher levels and those making more structured decisions found their systems more useful, although the user's level was found to moderate perceptions of system usefulness during the design stage. Three other organizational factors (level of MIS manager, MIS department scope, and decentralization of authority) also were found to have moderating effects.
Alterations in Carbohydrate Intermediates in the Endosperm of Starch-Deficient Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Metabolite levels in kernels of selected starch-deficient mutants of maize (Zea mays L.) were investigated to gain insight into partitioning of carbohydrate metabolism during kernel development. Several free sugars, hexose phosphates, triose phosphates, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and pyrophosphate were measured in normal, shrunken, shrunken-2, amylose extender dull waxy, and brittle genotypes, which were in a near-isogenic W64A background. These mutants were selected to include at least one lesion in both the cytosolic (shrunken) and amyloplastic (shrunken-2) compartments. All the starch-deficient genotypes contained elevated levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and triose phosphates but reduced levels of pyrophosphate, indicating an enhanced glycolytic utilization of carbohydrates in response to the reduced utilization of sugars for starch synthesis. The shrunken kernels (sucrose synthase deficient) contained reduced levels of glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate, and this reduction paralleled the reduction in starch accumulation, but levels of triose phosphates were elevated. In shrunken-2 kernels, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were increased, but fructose-1,6-bisphosphate was lower. These findings support the view that hexose phosphate transport across the amyloplast envelope is more important for starch biosynthesis than transport of triose phosphates. The amylose extender dull waxy mutation showed less dramatic effects on hexose phosphates, but the triose phosphates were greatly increased. The brittle mutation, which has an unknown lesion, showed distinctly similar changes in metabolite levels with shrunken-2, suggesting that the lesion may be associated with the amyloplast.
A role for muscle LIM protein (MLP) in vascular remodeling

Abstract Given the well-defined role of LIM-motif containing proteins in cytoskeletal organization, cell fate, and differentiation, we hypothesized that the regulation of LIM proteins played an integral role in vascular remodeling. We screened a compendium of cDNA microarray data from rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) for novel LIM-containing targets and identified muscle LIM protein (MLP), a gene previously thought to be only in striated muscle. Sequence analysis, RTQPCR and Western blotting reconfirmed expression of MLP in VSMC. MLP was elevated > 10-fold 7 days following balloon injury in the rat carotid artery. Wire injury led to a significantly increased intima/media ratio in MLP –/– mice compared to wild-type controls (P
Enhanced dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) detection sensitivity by lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate/copper piezoelectric microcantilever sensors via Young's modulus change

Abstract We have examined the detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) using lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) piezoelectric microcantilever sensor (PEMS) coated with various planar and particulate receptor coatings. We showed that a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in the flexural-mode resonance frequency shift, Δf, in DMMP detection that was not accountable for by mass loading alone could be achieved by using a planar Cu2+ adsorbed 11-Mercaptoundecanoic Acid (MUA/Cu2+) or planar 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) coated PEMS. We also showed that the enhancement of Δf of PEMS was a result of the Young's modulus change in the PMN-PT layer induced by the surface stress generated by the binding of DMMP on a continuous receptor coating. Furthermore, the Young's modulus-change enhanced Δf in PEMS with a planar receptor coating was shown to be inversely proportional to the product of the average Young's modulus and thickness of the PEMS and independent of the PEMS lateral dimension. We also showed that with an array of three PEMS, one uncoated, one coated with planar MUA/Cu2+ and the other with planar MPS, the detection Δf pattern for DMMP was distinctively different from those of acetone and ammonia.
The reaction of bank stock prices to the international debt crisis

Abstract In this paper we develop a cross-sectional regression approach to estimate the impact of foreign loan exposure on the pricing of U.S. bank stocks. A new approach is required because news about foreign loan problems may arrive incremently over time, rather than reaching the market on a few specific dates the way earnings and dividend announcements do. Consistent with this interpretation, we find that foreign loan exposure had a significant impact on the pricing of U.S. bank stocks during the years 1982 and 1983, but that the stock prices adjusted continually over the two-year period rather than jumping on a few particular days.
Topography and the water cycle in a temperate middle mountain environment: the need for interdisciplinary experiments

Abstract Two main characteristics of mountainous regions are the large topography-driven lateral redistributions of water and energy, and the considerable topography-related heterogeneities on all scales. These features are difficult to estimate, to incorporate into hydrologic models and to aggregate on the general circulation model grid scale. On the local scale, the topography controls the spatial patterns of water and energy inputs, soil water properties and soil moisture. On the massif scale, the topography induces climatic and ecological gradients that influence the patterns of parameters and fluxes. This is illustrated by results obtained in the Ringelbach and Fecht research catchments of the Vosges massif, France. A better understanding of the water cycle in mountains requires specific interdisciplinary field experiments, as part of international programmes such as WCRP-GEWEX, IGBP-BAHC and UNESCO-IHP, using a combination of altitudinal transects and nested catchments, and including a long-term component, which is necessary for model validation. Some of the specific scientific and methodological problems that remain to be solved for these regions are given. A west-east transect across the southern part of the Vosges massif and the Rhine graben could provide a convenient site for such an experiment in a temperate middle mountain environment.
Comment on "Predicted modifications in the direct and indirect gaps of tetrahedral semiconductors"

La methode de pseudopotentiel empirique, qui utilise une base d'ondes planes etendue, ainsi que la methode LCAO, qui utilise une base d'orbitales gaussiennes «on-site», sont capables de calculer des densites de charge en des points determines de la zone de Brillouin de semi-conducteurs. On le montre en calculant la structure de bande et les densites de charge de GaAs par les deux methodes
Bisphenol A: A Model Endocrine Disrupting Chemical With a New Potential Mechanism of Action

Humans are exposed to a multitude of exogenous chemicals, termed “endocrine disrupting chemicals” (EDCs), that can interfere with endogenous hormone action (1). EDCs originate from natural sources such as plants, fungi, and bacteria, and from a large number of manmade chemicals, most of which were not designed to disrupt hormone signaling. Because hormones often act at very low concentrations, for example estradiol functions at or below the picomolar range, EDCs can often disrupt the endocrine system at minute, environmentally relevant exposures (2). EDCs have been described to disrupt almost all types of endocrine signaling in laboratory animals and wildlife (3). Importantly, for many human health endpoints, there is strong evidence to support the hypothesis that EDCs, within the range of current human exposure, are having adverse health impacts on the general population (1). In the current issue, Veiga-Lopez et al (4) examine, for the first time, the effects of the EDC bisphenol A (BPA) on microRNA (miRNA) expression in the fetal ewe ovary.
Spin-valve behavior in porous alumina-embedded carbon nanotube array with cobalt nanoparticle spin injectors

We report the operation of spin-valve structures formed from arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes grown and embedded in porous anodized aluminum oxide. The devices incorporate cobalt nanoparticles acting as both a ferromagnetic layer and carbon nanotube array-growing catalysts, requiring only one deposited ferromagnetic layer as the other magnetic electrode. A peak in the resistance occurs clearly as a result of the reversal of the magnetization of the electrodes. Device magnetoresistance ratios reach 1.5% at 40 K, yielding an estimate of the maximum spin scattering length of 2 μm at temperatures up to 40 K. This device architecture presents not only an opportunity for massively parallel patterned circuits with devices the size of an individual nanotube diameter, but also the potential for multi-state switching devices with the selective incorporation of various ferromagnetic catalyst nanoparticles of different coercive fields within the same porous anodized aluminum oxide array.
Antimalarial activities of the 4-quinolinemethanols WR-184,806 and WR-226,253.

Abstract WR-184,806 and WR-226,253, two 4-quinolinemethanols structurally similar to WR-142,490 (mefloquine), have been studied in depth in owl monkeys infected with various drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in an effort to provide support and guidance for projected evaluations in human volunteers. The results of these studies, confirmatory of preliminary appraisals, showed that WR-184,806 was approximately one-third as active as WR-142,490 against infections with a multidrug-resistant strain of P. falciparum, whereas WR-226,253 was twice as active. Additionally, the current studies showed: (i) that both WR-184,806 and WR-226,253 were significantly more active against infections with blood schizonts of P. vivax than against those of P. falciparum; (ii) that their activities against established infections with either Plasmodium species were functions of the total doses delivered, single doses being as effective as three or seven fractional doses given on successive days; (iii) that WR-184,806 could be administered intravenously as the phosphate salt and was curative via this route in single doses; and (iv) that based on comparative curative doses, WR-184,806 was slightly more active and WR-226,253 was seven times more active against infections with a multidrug-resistant strain of P. falciparum than was chloroquine against infections with a 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strain.