cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fracture behavior of engineered stress profile soda lime silicate glass

Multi-step ion-exchange processing can produce complex stress profiles in glass surfaces, which can result in increased fracture strength, reduced strength dispersion, flaw tolerance and multiple cracking behavior. Glass displaying this set of properties is termed engineered stress profile (ESP) glass. Treatments at 400–450 C in molten KNO3 and NaNO3 salt baths were used to create residual stresses in the surface of soda lime silicate float glass. Stress profiles were measured using optical stress birefringence, allowing derivation of apparent fracture toughness curves and prediction of crack stability over a range of flaw sizes. Specimens were tested in the four-point bend configuration to determine fracture strength and to study the multiple cracking which results from crack growth stabilization. The results were compared to predictions from the fracture toughness curves, in terms of the strength dispersion and crack stability criteria. Indented specimens were tested to determine the response of the glass to contact damage. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Inelastic Scattering of Neutrons

The total cross section and the differential cross section for the inelastic scattering of neutrons are considered. It is assumed that the compound nucleus is sufficiently excited so that the statistical model may be applied. If the statistical model may be applied as well to the residual nucleus, it is shown that the angular distribution of the inelastically scattered neutrons is isotropic. If only a few levels of the target nucleus can be excited, the angular distribution is anisotropic. Tables are provided which permit the calculation of the angular distribution if the incident and emergent neutron angular momenta are less than or equal to $3\ensuremath{\hbar}$. Examples of the evaluation of total cross sections are given, providing examples of the sensitivity of the results to the quantum numbers of the excited state.
Unrelated parallel machine scheduling with setup consideration and a total weighted completion time objective

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of scheduling a set of independent jobs on unrelated parallel machines with job sequence dependent setup times so as to minimize a weighted mean completion time. The study of the problem stemmed from a real service industry problem. This problem is at least NP-hard in the ordinary sense, even when there are only two identical machines with no setups. Seven heuristic algorithms are proposed and tested by simulation. The results and analysis of quite extensive computational experiments are reported and discussed. The findings through the computational results are presented. Whether this problem is strongly NP-hard is left as an open question.
Excision of Nodules Induced by Rhizobium meliloti Exopolysaccharide Mutants Releases Autoregulation in Alfalfa

Summary Nodulation in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is controlled by a systemic feedback regulatory mechanism that suppresses nodule initiation in younger portions of the root system. Excision of primary root nodules induced by wild-type Rhizobium meliloti stimulates the formation of new nodules on lateral roots. In similar experiments we found that excision of bacteria-free nodules from primary roots induced by mutants of R. meliloti deficient in exopolysaccharide synthesis allowed nodules to reappear in lateral roots especially around the root tip at the time of nodule removal. Our results suggest that organized nodular structures trigger autoregulatory responses in legumes, even in the absence of bacterial infection.
Migration of pediatric epidural catheters.

SummaryBackground Postoperative pain control in the pediatric population frequently involves epidural catheters placed intraoperatively. A retrospective review of epidural catheter tip position was conducted by evaluation of routine chest anterior–posterior (A-P) X-rays obtained by the surgical and ICU teams. Methods Of the 174 pediatric epidural catheters placed during a 1-year period at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 59 pediatric patients with chest X-rays demonstrating epidural catheter tip on at least 2 days were reviewed. The change in epidural catheter position was then calculated. The overall reason for discontinuation of epidural analgesia in the larger population was also compiled. Results It was determined that epidural catheters migrated more frequently in patients 40 kg P 40 kg. The incidence of catheters discontinued secondary to falling out, or migrating in, was also increased in those patients 40 kg. Conclusion Results suggest that epidural catheters move inward more frequently and fall out more frequently in patients <40 kg.
EARLY FEEDING AND LIVER DISEASE IN αl-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY

Enhanced uptake of intestinal proteases may contribute to neonatal liver disease in patients with αl-antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency. Breast milk, because of its antiprotease activity, may influence the expression of liver disease in these patients. To test this hypothesis, we identified 36 patients with α1-AT deficiency (33 PiZZ, 3 PiSZ). Data was obtained on the severity of liver disease and early feeding practices for 29 (21 males, 8 females) using medical records and parental questionnaires. Severe liver disease (esophageal varices or ascites) was assessed in infants breast fed (Brf) exclusively for at least the first month of life and in infants who were bottle fed (Bof) or Bof with supplemental breast feedings. Six of 11 patients with severe liver disease died. The calculated odds ratio for severe liver disease and dying in Bof infants are 3.6 and 3.2 respectively. Even though p > 0.1 it appears that Bof infants with α1-AT deficiency are at an increased risk of developing severe liver disease or dying as compared to Brf children. Our findings suggest that early feeding practices are a factor in the variability of liver disease in children with α1-AT deficiency.
Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Low-Resource Settings

Half the world’s children live on less than $2/day and do not have access to basic medical technologies. This talk will describe efforts to engineer appropriate high-performance, low-cost biophotonics technologies to meet health needs in low-resource settings.
Energetics of defects and diffusion mechanisms in graphite.

Calculs aux premiers principes pour les energies de formation et les barrieres de migration de defauts elementaires dans le graphite
Statistical moments analysis of production and welfare in multi-product Cournot oligopoly

Abstract Our context involves N Cournot oligopolists producing M products at constant marginal costs when preferences are quasi-linear. We identify relationships between second moments of unit costs and second moments of firm-level production. For example, a larger variance in unit costs of a product increases own output variance and the variance of any other output. We also investigate how second moments of unit costs affect industry cost efficiency. Industry costs can rise if the wrong firm secures a cost reduction. For quadratic preferences, it is shown that Zhao's (Zhao, J., 2001. A characterization for the negative welfare effects of cost reduction in Cournot oligopoly. International Journal of Industrial Organization 19, 455–469 (3–4, March)) share criteria for an increase in unit costs to increase welfare extend to the multi-product setting.
CHD7 in charge of neurogenesis.

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Feng et al. (2013) report that the gene mutated in human CHARGE syndrome, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor CHD7, contributes to the control of neurogenesis. The authors also report that exercise ameliorates these defects and suggest it as an intervention worthy of study in CHARGE syndrome.
Effects of Temperature on Growth, Sporulation, and Competition of Mountain Pine Beetle Fungal Symbionts

The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, depends on two fungi, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium, to augment a nutrient-poor woody food resource. Because the two fungi exert differential effects on the host beetle, temperature-driven differences in fungal growth and competition outcomes have a strong potential to influence host population dynamics. Weisolated fungi from beetles and wood from three locations in Montana and Utah, USA, and measured their growth rates and sporulation between 5 and 35 °C on artificial media. We also measured growth rates and percent resource capture for each fungus at 10, 15, 21, and 25 °C during inter- and intra-specific competition. G. clavigera excelled at resource capture at most temperatures. Its optimal growth temperature occurs around 20 °C while that of O. montium occurs near 30 °C. There was no effect of collection site on growth or sporulation; however, O. montium exhibited greater variability in response to temperature than did G. clavigera. Sporulation of G. clavigera was greatest at 30 °C while O. montium sporulated at low levels across all temperatures. During competition experiments, G. clavigera captured more resources than O. montium at most temperatures and captured a greater percentage of resources at a greater rate during inter-specific competition than during intra-specific competition. In contrast, O. montium captured a greater percentage of resources during intra-specific competition. These results demonstrate that temperature can differentially affect growth, sporulation, and resource capture of the two symbionts, indicating that it may be an important factor influencing the composition and dynamics of the symbiosis.
Poster Presentation 6: Logic Circuits Operating in Both Sub- and Above-Threshold Voltages

Interest in VLSI subthreshold design has recently increased due to the emergence of systems that require ultra-low power operation. Furthermore the ever increasing leakage currents, now used to drive logic make subthreshold design an interesting prospect. Subthreshold sacrifices speed for power creating a clear divide between designing for high speed and ultra-low power. It might be beneficial to allow circuits designed for subthreshold operation to become operable at above threshold voltages (super-threshold), depending on processing needs. In this study among other things; the feasibility of optimizing device sizes for both subthreshold and above threshold operations is considered. Three widely publicized body biasing techniques are examined and compared to a newly proposed tunable body biasing scheme. The comparison is in terms of power and energy dissipation as well as speed. A number of logic styles are simulated to draw conclusions on what logic style in conjunction with what body biasing scheme offer improved performance.
1,6-Bis(trimethylsilyl)hexa-1,3,5-triyne as a precursor to ruthenium clusters containing highly ethynylated ligands

Abstract The reaction of 1,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)hexa-1,3,5-triyne (1) with Ru3(CO)12 results in the formation of the butterfly cluster Ru4(CO)12(μ4-η1,η1,η2,η2-Me3SiCCC2CCSiMe3) (2) and the yellow binuclear complex Ru2(CO)6{μ-η2-η4-C(CCSiMe3)C(CCSiMe3)C(CCSiMe3)C(CCSiMe3)} (3). Both complexes contain pendant ethynyl ligands that are potential sites for further reactivity. In the case of reaction of 1 with the tetranuclear cluster Ru4(μ4-PPh)(CO)13 (4), the open chain molecule Ru4(CO)8(μ3-PPh)[μ4-η2,η4,η2,η4-(Me3SiCC)CC(CCSiMe3)C(CCSiMe3)C-CC(SiMe3)C(CCSiMe3)C(CCSiMe3)] (6) is formed, in which the co-ordination of a pendant ethynyl moiety has been realised.
National market communities: bicycle use and civil society in France and the United States, 1867–1910

Ethnographic studies within consumer culture theory examine the cultural and personal aspects of consumer communities, often focusing on brands. While fascinating, such studies often ignore market-oriented communities spanning national states. To address these gaps, the author introduces the concept of “national market community.” Using comparative–historical methods, I examine how bicycle consumers organized national, market-oriented communities in France and the USA around 1880. These communities consisted of social networks and voluntary associations on multiple geographic scales, and publications that integrated consumers into an imagined national community. State institutions and market characteristics shaped these social structures. Communities provided consumers a mix of public, quasi-public, and private goods and services that improved product use. As the markets changed over time, national communities changed with them. When the two markets diverged, communities continued to support leisure use o...
CHARACTERIZATION AND LOCALIZATION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ISOFORMS IN THE BB/WOR DIABETIC RAT

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction is a common pathological development in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is essential for regulation of normal penile erection and NOS protein activity has been shown to be altered with diabetes. Several different isoforms and subtypes of NOS exist. However, little is known about how the distribution and abundance of these isoforms are altered with diabetes. We characterized the distribution and abundance of NOS isoforms and explored how they are altered with diabetes and result in erectile failure.Materials and Methods: In situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were done to measure the abundance and distribution of NOS-Ia, NOS-Ib, NOS-Ic, NOS-II and NOS-III in control and diabetic (BB/WOR) rats. Protein was localized by immunohistochemical analysis and alterations in protein abundance with diabetes were examined by Western blot analysis.Results: NOS-I, NOS-II and NOS-III were observed in the endothel...
Flight simulation of multiple aircraft and helicopters using a single high-performance computer

This paper describes the simultaneous simulation of multiple airframes in real time using a single high-speed computer, the AD 100. Examples include the simulation of up to 32 aircraft over their full flight envelopes, 8 helicopters with each helicopter simulated using the blade element method, the simultaneous simulation of multiple fighter aircraft together with six-degree-of-freedom missile simulations, and the simultaneous simulation of airframes and turbofan engine dynamics. A simple method for handling separate integration mode control (reset. operate, hold) for each of the airframes is also described.
cdc42 regulates the exit of apical and basolateral proteins from the trans-Golgi network

It is well established that Rho-GTPases regulate vesicle fusion and fission events at the plasma membrane through their modulatory role on the cortical actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, their effects on intracellular transport processes and actin pools are less clear. It was recently shown that cdc42 associates with the Golgi apparatus in an ARF-dependent manner, similarly to coat proteins involved in vesicle formation and to several actin-binding proteins. We report here that mutants of cdc42 inhibited the exit of basolateral proteins from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), while stimulating the exit of an apical marker, in two different transport assays. This regulation may result from modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, as GTPase-deficient cdc42 depleted a perinuclear actin pool that rapidly exchanges with exogenous fluorescent actin.
Method of relating modal damping to local dampers in lumped-parameter systems.

Relation between modal damping characteristics and section dampers in lumped-parameter system for approximating longitudinal launch vehicle motion
Diffusion with discontinuous swelling. IV. Type II diffusion into spherical particles

In the last few years some new features of the so-called type II diffusion have been established which confirm the first theoretical description of such a material transport into a semi-infinite glassy medium which at a certain concentration of the sorbate is transformed into a gel. The boundary between the glass and the gel progresses at a constant velocity into the interior of the sample thus yielding a linear term in the weight gain. The gradual establishment of the concentration profile in front of this boundary yields at the beginning a square root term in the weight gain. A detailed analysis of the extensive measurements of Hopfenberg, et al. of the diffusion of n-hexane into extremely small polystyrene spheres demonstrates that the weight gain always starts with a square root of time term. In sufficiently large spheres this contribution is soon completely overridden by the term linear in time. The spherical geometry substantially modifies the concentration profile and the weight gain. In particular the weight gain divided by the square root of time vs the square root of time shows a maximum as soon as the geometrical factors prevail over the effect of the constant velocity progression of the boundary between the glass and the gel.
Status and familial orientations of rural Mexican-American youth: Integration and conflict within aspirational frames of reference☆

Abstract Studies regarding status aspirations among Mexican-American youth have presumed that life goals are integrated and congruent. In the present paper, after reviewing cultural and structural explanations of low Mexican-American attainment, an alternative line of inquiry is suggested which questions these assumptions and specifies types of conflicts that may arise among occupational, educational, and familial orientations. Using data from a survey of South Texas high school students, the prevalence of such conflicts are observed by sex, and implications for future attainment patterns are discussed.
Optical Properties of Energetic Materials from Infrared Spectroscopy

A method of determining infrared (2.5‐ 18 m) optical properties of dielectric, crystalline, particulate solids such as energetic materials was developed based on KBr ‐ FTIR (infrared) spectroscopy. Two techniques (spectral subtraction and baseline shifting ) were used to account for light scattering by the KBr matrix. An independent CO 2 laser‐ spatial e ltering measurement was also developed to check the spectral subtraction approach. The method is demonstrated here for the oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP). The Rayleigh ‐ Gans limit of light scattering theory was exploited to establish a relationship between the apparent KBr-pellet absorption coefe cient and the intrinsic AP absorption coefe cient. Dispersion theory was used to determine refractive index from the absorption index for AP. Conventional (nonscattering ) FTIR spectroscopy was also used to determine the absorption coefe cient for the common solid propellant binder hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene. Nomenclature A = absorbance d = particle diameter fv = particle volume fraction It,0 = intensity, transmitted and incident, respectively n = real part of complex refractive index Ka = absorption coefe cient k = imaginary part of complex refractive index or absorption index
Analysis of surface bond lengths reported for chemisorption on metal surfaces

A review is given of bond length information available from the techniques of surface crystallography (particularly with LEED, SEXAFS and photoelectron diffraction) for chemisorption on well-defined surfaces of metals (M). For adsorbed main-group atoms (X), measured X-M interatomic distances for 38 combinations of X and M have been assessed with a bond order-bond length relation in combination with the Schomaker-Stevenson approach for determining single-bond lengths. When the surface bond orders are fixed primarily by the valency of X, this approach appears to provide a simple framework for predicing X-M surface bond lengths. Further, in cases where agreement has been reached from different surface crystallographic techniques, this framework has the potential for assessing refinements to the surface bonding model (e.g. in determining the roles of the effective surface valency of M, and of coordinate bonding and supplementary π bonding between X and M). Preliminary comparisons of structural data are also given for molecular adsorption (CO and ethylidyne) and for the chemisorption of other metal atoms.
A bronchogenic cyst successfully treated by mediastinoscopy.

Abstract Mediastinoscopy has been used in the diagnosis and treatment of superior mediastinal cysts. A case report of a successfully treated subcarinal bronchogenic cyst is presented. By means of a relatively minor procedure, mediastinoscopy, a major thoracotomy was obviated. There has been no evidence of recurrence, objectively or symptomatically, nearly one year later.
Silicon microchips for manipulating cell-cell interaction.

The role of the cellular microenvironment is recognized as crucial in determining cell fate and function in virtually all mammalian tissues from development to malignant transformation. In particular, interaction with neighboring stroma has been implicated in a plethora of biological phenomena; however, conventional techniques limit the ability to interrogate the spatial and dynamic elements of such interactions. In Micromechanical Reconfigurable Culture (RC), we employ a micromachined silicon substrate with moving parts to dynamically control cell-cell interactions through mechanical repositioning. Previously, this method has been applied to investigate intercellular communication in co-cultures of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells, demonstrating time-dependent interactions and a limited range for soluble signaling 1. Here, we describe in detail the preparation and use of the RC system. We begin by demonstrating the handling of the device parts using tweezers, including actuating between the gap and contact configurations (cell populations separated by a narrow 80-µm gap, or in direct intimate contact). Next, we detail the process of preparing the substrates for culture, and the multi-step cell seeding process required for obtaining confluent cell monolayers. Using live microscopy, we then illustrate real-time manipulation of cells between the different possible experimental configurations. Finally, we demonstrate the steps required in order to regenerate the device surface for reuse: toluene and piranha cleaning, polystyrene coating, and oxygen plasma treatment.
Chaotic Optical Modes In Free-Electron Lasers

The optical modes in a free-electron laser are examined by following the evolution of the optical field envelope self-consistently over many passes. After normal saturation in strong optical fields, the oscillation of trapped electrons causes the laser to become unstable and create sidebands. In some cases the mixing of modes is highly non-linear, and the optical field spectrum becomes broadband and chaotic.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fe-Ni-S melt permeability in olivine: Implications for planetary core formation

[1] A controversial issue in models of planetary core formation concerns whether iron-sulfide melts in contact with silicate minerals at high temperature and pressure form permeable, percolating networks. We address this issue by determining interconnectivity and calculating the permeability of quenched olivine-iron-sulfide partial-melt samples synthesized at high temperature and pressure for a range of melt fractions and two melt compositions using 3D synchrotron radiation computed tomography and lattice-Boltzmann simulations. Permeability ranged from ∼10−19 m2 at the lowest concentration of melt (∼1% by volume), to ∼10−13 m2 at higher concentrations (∼13% by volume). Permeability as a function of melt fraction is described by a relation of the form k = αd2ϕn with a scaling exponent n of 3.6. Our findings, considered a lower bound when compared to larger grained planetesimals, show percolation is a viable mechanism for the migration of FeS melt that may be applicable to models of planetary core formation.
Electroosmotic mixing in microchannels

Mixing is an essential, yet challenging, process step for many Lab on a Chip (LOC) applications. This paper presents a method of mixing for microfluidic devices that relies upon electroosmotic flow. In physical tests and in computer simulations, we periodically vary the electric field with time to mix two aqueous solutions. Good mixing is shown to occur when the electroosmotic flow at the two inlets pulse out of phase, the Strouhal number is on the order of 1, and the pulse volumes are on the order of the intersection volume.
Coevolving feature extraction agents for target recognition in SAR images

This paper describes a novel evolutionary method for automatic induction of target recognition procedures from examples. The learning process starts with training data containing SAR images with labeled targets and consists in coevolving the population of feature extraction agents that cooperate to build an appropriate representation of the input image. Features extracted by a team of cooperating agents are used to induce a machine learning classifier that is responsible for making the final decision of recognizing a target in a SAR image. Each agent (individual) contains feature extraction procedure encoded according to the principles of linear genetic programming (LGP). Like 'plain' genetic programming, in LGP an agent's genome encodes a program that is executed and tested on the set of training images during the fitness calculation. The program is a sequence of calls to the library of parameterized operations, including, but not limited to, global and local image processing operations, elementary feature extraction, and logic and arithmetic operations. Particular calls operate on working variables that enable the program to store intermediate results, and therefore design complex features. This paper contains detailed description of the learning and recognition methodology outlined here. In experimental part, we report and analyze the results obtained when testing the proposed approach for SAR target recognition using MSTAR database.
Spin Instabilities in Semiconductor Superlattices

The subband levels of quantum wells grown in a periodic array form minibands whose bandwidth {delta} depends on the probability of interlayer tunneling. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, this system of minibands can exhibit various Coulomb-interaction-driven spin polarization instabilities at an integral value of the filling factor {nu}. We investigate in particular the Hartree-Fock phase diagram in the case in which the n=0 spin-up and n=1 spin-down Landau levels are separated by an energy smaller than {delta}. A spin-density-wave ground state is shown to occur at filling factor {nu}=2. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
The Global Distribution of Wrinkle Ridges on Venus

Abstract New digital mapping of over 65,000 wrinkle ridges of the plains of Venus shows a strong correlation between the location and orientation of these long, low-amplitude compressive anticlines and major features of the geoid and long-wavelength topography. Regions with wrinkle ridges occupy 43% of the plains and are strongly skewed toward low elevations and negative geoid anomalies. About 93% of the wrinkle ridge plains lie below mean planetary radius and 72% have negative geoid anomalies. In contrast, the extensional rift zones of Venus are strongly skewed toward high elevations and positive geoid anomalies. Thus compressive deformation dominates the topographic and geoid lows, whereas extensional rifting is generally restricted to the highs. These observations are consistent with geoid-based stress models that predict compression in geoid lows and extension in geoid highs. The orientations of wrinkle ridges are generally consistent over regions extending for 1000–10,000 km. Many regions have multiple sets of wrinkle ridges of different orientations reflecting multiple episodes and directions of compression; however, about 80% of the regions display a single dominant wrinkle ridge orientation, with secondary orientations subordinate. The dominant wrinkle ridge orientations in many regions follow the contours of long-wavelength topography and geoid or lie along the axes of troughs in the geoid. Thus the maximum horizontal compression recorded by the folds is commonly parallel to the present-day gradient in geoid and topography, although some regions are strong exceptions, perhaps reflecting changes in topography and geoid with time. The dominant wrinkle ridge trends ring several major geoid and topographic swells, especially Western Aphrodite Terra and Lada Terra, with ring diameters of 75–120° (8000–13,000 km). In addition there are smaller rings of wrinkle ridges around the swells in Themis, Eistla, and Bell regiones, especially Gula Mons, with ring diameters of 25–45° (2500–5000 km). In contrast, there are no rings of compressive deformation surrounding some other geoid/topographic highs, including Beta and Atla regiones, which have been proposed to be the youngest swells and display the largest peak geoid/topography ratios and largest geoid gradients. These observations are consistent with the idea that not all the major topographic/geoid swells existed on Venus at the time of wrinkle ridge formation.
Politics and Change in Israel: The Case of Land Settlement

The politics and passions of Zionism, with their roots in the spectrum of values and commitments of Zionist-involved Jewry, were profoundly implicated in the daily life and basic institutions of Jewish Palestine, and they were inherited, without major alteration, by the new nation of Israel. This state of affairs has been undergoing modification in recent years. Party activity, either directly or through labor federation and other politically affiliated organizations, still is a major factor in decisions affecting the country's development. Party activity still extends into basic services such as health and education. It still provides an organizational framework that can contain most needs and concerns of adherents. Nonetheless, a decline in intensity of ideology and party loyalty has been increasingly evident in recent years.
THE EFFECT OF GENTIAN VIOLET ON PROTOZOA AND ON TISSUES GROWING IN VITRO, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE NUCLEUS

1. Gentian violet may be regarded as a true vital nuclear stain. 2. Embryonic and adult tissue of the frog will grow in vitro in the presence of gentian violet of a far stronger dilution than that necessary to kill many bacteria. In these experiments, for example, successful tissue growths were obtained when gentian violet 1 to 20,000 was used, yet Bacillus subtilis will not grow in 1 to 100,000 dilution and grows very badly in 1 to 1,000,000 dilution. This fact may simplify the technique of the growth of certain tissues by eliminating the risk of bacterial contamination. 3. The use of stains in the plasma in which tissue is grown will probably facilitate the study of nuclear growth. 4. Gentian violet appears to have a certain selective action on tissue similar to that exercised by the dye on bacteria. Certain observations made last year in this laboratory (too few to serve as more than a suggestion) seem to indicate that another dye (methylene blue) acted as a stimulant to the growth of connective tissue. These leads should be followed out and the effect of various stains studied in the hope of discovering dyes which will exercise a sharp selective action on growing tissue. 5. The growth of animal cells in a strength of dye much more than sufficient to kill many pathogenic organisms lends encouragement to efforts now being made in this laboratory to apply the observations on the bactericidal effect of gentian violet and allied stains to the treatment of disease. Moreover, the ability of growing cells to rid themselves of this dye would indicate that it may be possible to apply the dye to infected tissue and count on the cells to eliminate the material after its work had been done.
Photoluminescent macrocyclic Pd(II) and Pt(II) dimeric complexes with Ph2P–CC–PPh2 spacer

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of macrocyclic Pd(II)/Pt(II) dimers and their monomeric precursors with diphosphine spacer Ph 2 P–CC–PPh 2 (C 2 P 2 ) are reported. Their excited-state properties, including solvent-dependent absorption, emission and quantum yield, are studied. When the solvent polarity increases, solvatochromic absorption band shifts to higher energy, emission maximum shifts to lower energy, and quantum yield decreases. In addition, the host–guest behavior of these new inorganic macrocycles is also reported here.
Genetic risk prediction for CKD: a journey of a thousand miles.

By targeting interventions to high-risk population subgroups, tools that provide quantitative estimates of the risk for particular clinical outcomes have the potential to improve clinical decision making and reduce morbidity and mortality. The paradigmatic example of a clinical risk score is the Framingham risk score, which incorporates demographic (age, race, sex) and clinical (smoking and diabetes status, serum total cholesterol, and blood pressure values) variables to estimate 10-year risk for myocardial infarction.1 Similarly, several research groups have reported chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk scores.2–5 The receiver operating characteristic curve C statistic values ranged from 0.67 to 0.84, although the highest value did not derive from a replication cohort (Table 1). Others have reported risk scores for developing end-stage renal disease,6–8 and the role of renal risk scores has been reviewed.9
Determinations of Negligence and the Hindsight Bias

Examined the hindsight bias in determinations of negligence inTarasoff-type cases. The sample of 297 community residents was asked to read clinical case scenarios involving treatment of potentially dangerous patients. Scenarios varied by outcome: (1) the patient became violent, (2) the patient did not become violent, and (3) no outcome was specified. Respondents rated the foreseeability of violence, the reasonableness of therapist actions, and negligence. It was hypothesized that respondents who were informed that the patient became violent would be more likely to find the therapist negligent than respondents in the other two outcome conditions. Findings supported this, and respondents in the violent outcome condition rated the violence as more foreseeable and therapist actions as less reasonable. Implications for mental health and legal professionals are discussed and future research ideas are suggested.
Primary invasive breast carcinoma arising in mammary-like glands of the vulva managed with excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy.

While over 90% of vulvar malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas, other histologic types include melanomas, basal cell carcinomas, sarcomas, extramammary Paget's disease, and Bartholin gland adenocarcinomas. Although rare, breast tissue arising in the vulva can also have malignant potential. “Ectopic breast tissue” in the vulva was first described by Hartung in 1872, and since that time, several cases of both benign and malignant lesions arising in vulvar mammary tissue have been reported (van der Putte, 1994). The histology of the mammary-like tissue has multiple forms, ranging from simple, wide, slightly coiled tubular glands with a smooth outline, to more complicated forms in which the coiled structure has numerous branches and acini forming lobules. Similar to normal breast tissue, both epithelial and myoepithelial cells are present and the glands are subject to both the dysplastic and malignant changes that are seen in normal breast tissue (van der Putte, 1994). We report a case of a mammary-like invasive carcinoma presenting as an asymptomatic vulvar nodule.
Naphthoquinones in defensive secretion of an opilionid

The defensive secretion of the opilionidPhalangium opilio contains 1,4-naphthoquinone and 6-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Naphthoquinones are of rate occurrence in arthropods, having previously been reported only from certain tenebrionid beetles.
Development and Implementation of Guidelines for Federal On-Scene Coordinators for Protecting Historic Properties

ABSTRACT In 1997, the National Response Team completed a Programmatic Agreement on Protection of Historic Properties during Emergency Response under the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollut...
Novel geospatial interpolation analytics for general meteorological measurements

This paper addresses geospatial interpolation for meteorological measurements in which we estimate the values of climatic metrics at unsampled sites with existing observations. Providing climatological and meteorological conditions covering a large region is potentially useful in many applications, such as smart grid. However, existing research works on interpolation either cause a large number of complex calculations or are lack of high accuracy. We propose a Bayesian compressed sensing based non-parametric statistical model to efficiently perform the spatial interpolation task. Student-t priors are employed to model the sparsity of unknown signals' coefficients, and the Approximated Variational Inference (AVI) method is provided for effective and fast learning. The presented model has been deployed at IBM, targeting for aiding the intelligent management of smart grid. The evaluations on two real world datasets demonstrate that our algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in both effectiveness and efficiency.
Surface replacement: a head is all that’s required—in the affirmative

Abstract The debate between total shoulder arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty for dealing with glenohumeral arthropathy has gone on for many years. Total shoulder arthroplasty provides resurfacing of both sides of an arthritic joint while hemiarthroplasty addresses only the humeral side. However, it is clear that hemiarthroplasty is in general an easier procedure (the relatively difficult technique of securing a glenoid prosthetic component in a tight space hopefully preventing loosening and ultimate failure is avoided). Taking the stance, however, that one or the other is always indicated and the other never indicated represents bad reasoning. There obviously must be appropriate indications for both techniques. The key is to find the right indications and clinical conditions. The reasonable answer is straightforward: total shoulder arthroplasty should be performed in the face of biarticular degeneration when good bone stock exists on both sides of the joint. Hemiarthroplasty should be performed when the head is bad and there is a very good glenoid (such as in a severe fracture, avascular necrosis, or tumor), when there is a very bad glenoid (such as in rheumatoid arthritis and/or revision surgery after the glenoid has been destroyed), or when there is a superiorly displaced center of rotation such as in cuff tear arthropathy. The "key" to either technique, however, is proper placement of the humeral head prosthesis.
Caring for Obese Pregnant Women

Women who are overweight or obese during their childbearing years are at an increased risk for pregnancy‐induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, labor induction, cesarean births, and failed vaginal birth after cesarean. During the postpartum, they experience increased rates of puerperal infection and decreased rates of breastfeeding initiation or continuation. Their infants are at higher risk for having congenital anomalies or being stillborn. Nurses can use this knowledge to adapt the care they provide and to encourage health‐promoting behaviors.
Estimation of a Microscopic Wear for Two-Process Surfaces

A method of a microscopic wear estimation which does not require measurement of the original surface texture and that was developed by the author for Gaussian surfaces is extended here to the non-Gaussian two-process surfaces.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Low-carrier-concentration crystals of the topological insulator Bi 2 Te 2 Se

We report the characterization of Bi${}_{2}$Te${}_{2}$Se crystals obtained by the modified Bridgman and Bridgman-Stockbarger crystal-growth techniques. X-ray-diffraction study confirms an ordered Se-Te distribution in the inner and outer chalcogen layers, respectively, with a small amount of mixing. The crystals displaying high resistivity ($g1\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\Omega}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{cm}$) and low carrier concentration ($\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{16}$/cm${}^{3}$) at 4 K were found in the central region of the long Bridgman-Stockbarger crystal, which we attribute to very small differences in defect density along the length of the crystal rod. Analysis of the temperature-dependent resistivities and Hall coefficients reveals the possible underlying origins of the donors and acceptors in this phase.
The psychological functions of avatars and alt(s)

Multiple identity systems involve a physical self and a set of virtual identities.An 8-item model of avatar functions within a multiple identity system was identified.The vast majority of participants noted all or most functions in their interviews.The combined physical and virtual selves form a wider system of personality. Prior research has shown that approximately 50% of active participants in the 3D virtual world of Second Life have one or more secondary avatars or "alts" in addition to their primary avatar. Thus, these individuals are operating a "multiple or poly-identity system" composed of a physical self, a primary avatar, and one or more alts. However, little is known about the functions these virtual identities serve for the virtual-world user. The current study involved qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with Second Life participants (N=24) who had a primary avatar and at least one alt. Interviews were coded to examine the functions that primary avatars and alts served. Eight functions-seven suggested by previous research on virtual world identity and one that emerged from analyses-were reflected in a large majority of the transcribed interviews and are described in the article. The current findings add to our understanding of how multifaceted identity systems operate, as more individuals augment their physical self with a set of virtual identities.
Malignant primary chest wall neoplasms: a pictorial review of imaging findings

Abstract Malignant primary chest wall neoplasms (MCWN) are uncommon. Although benign chest wall neoplasms are most commonly asymptomatic, MCWN typically manifest as painful, fast growing masses. While the imaging features of malignant masses can be nonspecific, knowledge of the typical radiologic manifestations of MCWN may suggest a specific diagnosis. We review imaging features of the most common MCWN with images collected at an outpatient academic oncologic center. Objective While the imaging features of patients with malignant masses can be nonspecific, knowledge of the typical radiologic manifestations of MCWN may suggest a specific diagnosis. We review distinguishing imaging features of the most common MCWN, including epithelial and mesenchymal malignancies, with images collected at an outpatient oncologic center. Conclusion Chest wall neoplasms encompass 5% of all thoracic tumors, with nearly half of chest wall neoplasms being malignant. Out of these malignant neoplasms, 50% are primary and the commonest one is chondrosarcoma. Although distinguishing imaging features may suggest a specific diagnosis in the majority of MCWN, most affected patients undergo biopsy for a definitive diagnosis.
Interaction of Sucrose Ester with Casein Micelles as Characterized by Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Size-exclusion chromatography was used to investigate the interaction of sucrose ester P-1670, composed of 70% pure palmitic acid monoester, with native milk proteins as they are present in skim milk. Addition of sucrose ester to fresh raw skim milk or to casein micelles that had been isolated by chromatography of fresh raw skim milk without cooling resulted in a small decrease in the elution volume and an increase in the light scattering of the micelle fraction, indicating an increase in micelle size. In the skim milk sample, the elution volume of whey proteins also decreased slightly. Similar resolution of casein micelles and whey proteins was obtained with tandem glycerylpropyl controlled-pore glass columns containing beads of mean pore diameters of 52 and 286 nm and with Sephacryl S-400. Analysis of micellar fractions by SDS-PAGE showed that the distribution of individual caseins in the micelles was not affected by sucrose ester. Quantitative determination of sucrose ester using the periodate reaction confirmed the binding of the surfactant by casein micelles.
Technology-Mediated L2 Strategy Instruction and Its Potential to Enhance Evaluation and Research

This paper discusses the potential of technology-mediated forms of L2 strategy instruction (SI) to not only facilitate SI but to enhance evaluation of SI interventions and L2 strategy research more generally. It uses results from a recent empirical study to show how computer-based forms of SI may offer remedies for problematic features of evaluation, including access to process data showing how learners actually perform strategy-related tasks, the timing and frequency of collection of learner perception data, and most importantly, data about task perception and metacognitive monitoring, which can position L2 strategies within frameworks for self-regulated learning. The underlying premise of this article is the need to revitalize the field of L2 learner strategies with new methods for evaluation and research that can better capture the complex nature of L2 strategy use.
Impaired performance by adult humans: Learned helplessness or wrong hypotheses?

Seligman and his associates demonstrated that following a series of uncontrollable, stressful events dogs fail to respond on simple tasks. Seligman accounted for this with a learned-helplessness hypothesis, that uncontrollable events produce a subject who perceives that response is useless and whose motivation to respond is weakened. Recently, analogous experiments have been performed with adult human subjects. Impairment of problem solving has been demonstrated following failure on a prior task. The same learned-helplessness hypothesis has been invoked for this result. The present thesis is that these human experiments may be equally well interpreted by Hypothesis Theory. According to Hypothesis Theory, failure produces subsequent impairment in performance not because subjects are helpless but because they are misdirected about the nature of the solution. That is, these subjects are not passive. Rather, they test incorrect hypotheses. Experimental data are presented to suggest the validity of the Hypothesis Theory interpretation.
Characterizing children's exposures : Beyond NHANES

Biomonitoring programs, such as those being conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in conjunction with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), are of benefit to all disciplines of environmental public health. However, all programs have limitations, and like most things in science, "One size does not fit all." We point out some of these limitations, particularly those dealing with the amount of biological sample available from various age groups and the specificity of the exposure assessment. We recommend additional studies to supplement the NHANES biomonitoring data.
Thermodynamics of chromomagnetism

Abstract The thermodynamics of a system of gluons interacting with a constant color magnetic field is investigated. There is a first-order phase transition from a magnetic state at low temperature to a non-magnetic state at high temperature. The transition temperature corresponds closely to the critical temperatures obtained in a perturbative expansion, in the finite temperature dilute instanton gas approximation, and in the MIT bag model. The free energy of a heavy quark-antiquark pair increases linearly with distance below the transition temperature but decreases coulombically above it.