cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structured diagnostic interviews and clinicians' discharge diagnoses in hospitalized adolescents.

Abstract Objective In this study Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-C) and clinicians' discharge diagnoses, as well as clinicians' admission and discharge diagnoses were compared. Method Patients ( N = 163) ages 12 to 16 were interviewed with the DISC-C during the first month of admission. The frequencies for different diagnoses by DISC-C and by clinicians at the time of admission and discharge were tabulated. Kappa coefficients were obtained from cross-tabulated frequencies of DISC and clinicians' discharge diagnoses. Results At discharge, the clinicians diagnosed more patients with multiple diagnoses and also diagnosed more patients with conduct and substance abuse disorders, dysthymia, and psychosis than they did at admission. The DISC-C diagnosed more patients with these disorders, except with psychosis, than did clinicians at either admission or discharge. The agreement between the clinicians' discharge and DISC-C diagnoses remained low across the diagnostic categories. Conclusions These findings support the view that the comprehensiveness and structure of the DISC-C can contribute to the sensitivity of the diagnostic process. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1993, 32, 3:674–681.
Block of T ‐Type Ca2+ Channels Is an Important Action of Succinimide Antiabsence Drugs

The role of calcium channel blockade in the antiepileptic action of ethosuximide is controversial, especially regarding the potency and efficacy of block. However, recent evidence obtained from transgenic animals and heterologous expression systems supports a major role of T-type calcium channels in both the generation of absence seizures and the action of ethosuximide in human absence epilepsy.
Breast cancer recurrence following postmastectomy reconstruction compared to mastectomy with no reconstruction.

Background:Continuing advances in breast reconstruction have provided surgeons with a multitude of reconstructive options. Concerns remain, however, about the effects of the various reconstructive methods on ultimate oncologic outcome. This study compares incidence, detection, and management of recu
Normal tissue dose conformality measures to guide radiotherapy fractionation decisions

Purpose: To determine conditions under which hypofractionation could be favorable for a normal tissue--even if tumor [{alpha}/{beta}] exceeds the normal tissue's [{alpha}/{beta}]. Methods: The hypofractionation sufficiency condition (HSC) for an organ is defined as a dose conformality constraint such that, if satisfied, a family of tumor control probability isoeffective fractionation schemes will show decreasing normal tissue complication probability with decreasing number of fractions. Results: In the extended equivalent uniform dose (EUD) model [obtained by replacing dose with linear quadratic (LQ) 2 Gy equivalent dose], the HSC for a normal organ is proven to be satisfied if a suitably weighted average of the relative dose [hypofractionation sufficiency index (HSI)] is less than the ratio of normal tissue to tumor [{alpha}/{beta}]. The HSI is determined solely by dose distribution and the normal tissue volume factor, ''a.'' If the HSC is satisfied for every normal tissue of concern, then there is a therapeutic gain with hypofractionation. The corresponding multifractionation sufficiency condition (therapeutic gain with increasing number of fractions) and multifractionation sufficiency index (MSI) are also derived. A sample clinical case is presented. Conclusions: Within the context of the LQ/EUD models, conformality measures (HSI and MSI) can be used to inform fractionation decisions.
Temporal-spatial pattern of c-Fos expression in the rat brain in response to indispensable amino acid deficiency II. The learned taste aversion

Rats rapidly become anorectic when eating an amino acid-imbalanced diet that induces a deficiency of an indispensable amino acid. Recognition of amino acid deficiency is thought to be a function of the anterior piriform cortex. However, the neuronal circuitry underlying the secondary learned aversion to such diets may involve the amygdala. In this study, Fos immunohistochemistry was employed to identify regions of the brain activated during the learned aversion phase of the response to an amino acid-imbalanced diet. c-Fos expression was examined in the brains of rats at intervals from 1 to 6 h after introduction of a diet imbalanced in threonine, a corrected (amino acid-balanced) diet or a basal (low protein) diet. The study has revealed that, within the time frame associated with the learned aversive response, Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-IR) neurons increased selectively in the central nucleus of the amygdala in animals fed a threonine-imbalanced diet. These results suggest a temporal relationship between changes in neuronal activity in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the learned aversion associated with acute amino acid deficiency.
Teaching self-control of study behavior.

Abstract A self-control procedure to improve study habits was taught to 38 volunteer students at the University of New Mexico summer school. The program involved the utilization of stimulus control procedures, self-reinforcement and punishment, and the SQ3R method (Robinson, 1946) of studying. S s receiving the lessons showed a significant gain in grade point average (G.P.A.) for the three semesters following the study over the two preceding semesters, when compared with those not receiving the lessons. This gain was not due to any change in University grading standards. No difference in G.P.A. gains was found between S s who received and discussed the lessons in group meetings and those who simply received them individually in written form.
Variational formulation of perturbative explicitly-correlated coupled-cluster methods.

We present a variational formulation of the recently-proposed CCSD(2)R12 method [Valeev, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2008, 10, 106]. The centerpiece of this approach is the CCSD(2)R12 Lagrangian obtained via Lowdin partitioning of the coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) Hamiltonian. Extremization of the Lagrangian yields the second-order basis set incompleteness correction for the CCSD energy. We also developed a simpler Hylleraas-type functional that only depends on one set of geminal amplitudes by applying screening approximations. This functional is used to develop a diagonal orbital-invariant version of the method in which the geminal amplitudes are fixed at the values determined by the first-order cusp conditions. Extension of the variational method to include perturbatively the effect of connected triples produces the method that approximates the complete basis-set limit of the standard CCSD plus perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] method. For a set of 20 small closed-shell molecules, the method recovered at least 94.5/97.3% of the CBS CCSD(T) correlation energy with the aug-cc-pVDZ/aug-cc-pVTZ orbital basis set. For 12 isogyric reactions involving these molecules, combining the aug-cc-pVTZ correlation energies with the aug-cc-pVQZ Hartree–Fock energies produces the electronic reaction energies with a mean absolute deviation of 1.4 kJ mol−1 from the experimental values. The method has the same number of optimized parameters as the corresponding CCSD(T) model, does not require any modification of the coupled-cluster computer program, and only needs a small triple-zeta basis to match the precision of the considerably more expensive standard quintuple-zeta CCSD(T) computation.
Identification of a peptoid inhibitor of the proteasome 19S regulatory particle.

The first chemical inhibitor of the 19S Regulatory Particle (RP) of the proteasome is described. The molecule was identified by screening a library of nucleoside-capped peptoids for binding to the yeast 26S proteasome in a crude extract. The hit was resynthesized and shown to block 19S RP-mediated protein unfolding in vitro and proteasome-mediated turnover of p27 in HeLa cells.
Operators as spectral integrals of operator-valued functions from the study of multivariate stationary stochastic processes

P. Masani and the author have previously answered the question, “When is an operator on a Hilbert space H the integral of a complex-valued function with respect to a given spectral (projection-valued) measure?” In this paper answers are given to the question, “When is a linear operator from Hq to Hp the integral of a spectral measure?”; here the values of the integrand are linear operators from the square-summable q-tuples of complex numbers to the square-summable p-tuples of complex numbers, and our spectral measure for Hq is the “inflation” of a spectral measure for H. In the course of this paper, we make available tools for handling the spectral analysis of q-variate weakly stationary processes, 1 ≤ q ≤ ∞, which should enable researchers to deal in the future with the case q = ∞. We show as one application of our theory that if U = ∫(in0, 2π]e−iθE(dθ) is a unitary operator on H and if T is a bounded linear operator from Hq to Hq (1 ≤ q ≤ ∞) which is a prediction operator for each stationary process (Unx)−∞∞ ⊆Hq (for each x = (xi)ij ∈ Hq, Unx = (Unxi)i=1q), then T is a spectral integral, ∫(0,2π)]Φ(θ) E(dθ), and the Banach norm of T, |T|B = ess sup |Φ(θ)|B.
Kikuchi's disease associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

We describe a unique association of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) and chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis in a patient who presented with significant cervical lymphadenopathy and a goiter. This case illustrates the value of lymph node biopsy combined with the fine needle aspiration of the thyroid in determining the nature of the relationship between the goiter and lymphadenopathy.
Calculation of the electronic energy spectrum of a thin disordered solid film

The effects of positional disorder on the electronic energy spectrum of a model finite insulating barrier are considered. The spectrum is studied for two different sets of boundary conditions imposed at the film surfaces: 1) traveling wave boundary conditions, leading to transmission resonances, and 2) periodic boundary conditions. Ledermann's theorem relates the transmission resonances to the corresponding discrete spectrum obtained using periodic boundary conditions. Halpern's reduced Green function technique for the calculation of approximate spectra of infinite systems is extended from a single to a multiband formulation and applied to the thin film problem. A quantitative estimate of the effect of the loss of short range order on the integrated density of states in a thin film is presented. The spectrum is discussed and related to the elastic tunneling transmission coefficient of a metal–insulator–metal heterojunction in which the insulating film is the tunneling barrier. Es wird der Einflus von Positionsfehlordnug auf das elektronische Energiespektrum einer endlichen Modellisolationsbarriere betrachtet. Das Spektrum wird fur zwei verschiedene Satze von Randbedingungen, die auf die Schichtoberflache wirken, untersucht: 1. Traveling-Wave-Randbedingungen, die zu Transmissionsresonanz fuhren, und 2. periodische Randbedingungen. Ledermanns Theorem verknupft die Transmissionsresonanzen mit dem entsprechenden diskreten Spektrum. das mit periodischen Randbedingungen erhalten wird. Die von Halpern reduzierte Technik Greenscher Funktionen zur Berechnung von Naherungsspektren unendlicher Systeme wird von einer Einband- zu einer Vielbandformulierung erweitert und auf das Dunnschichtproblem angewendet. Es wird eine quantitative Berechnung des Einflusses des Verlustes von Nahordnung auf die Gesamtzustandsdichte in einer dunnen Schicht durchgefuhrt. Das Spektrum wird diskutiert und mit dem Transmissionskoeffizienten fur elastisches Tunneln eines Metall–Isolator–Metall-Heteroubergangs verknupft, in dem die Isolatorschicht die Tunnelbarriere bildet.
Identification and Characterization of 3-Iodothyronamine Intracellular Transport

3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is a naturally occurring thyroid hormone metabolite with distinct biological effects that are opposite those of thyroid hormone. The known molecular targets of T1AM include both plasma membrane and intracellular proteins, suggesting that intracellular transport of T1AM may be an important component of its action, although no uptake mechanism has yet been described. Using various human cell lines, we show that, indeed, cellular uptake of T1AM occurs in multiple cell types and that this process involves specific, saturable, and inhibitable transport mechanisms. These mechanisms are sodium and chloride independent, pH dependent, thyronamine specific, and do not involve the likely candidate transporters of other monoamines, organic cations, or thyroid hormones. A large-scale RNA interference screen targeting the entire solute carrier superfamily of transporter genes reveals that the transport of T1AM into cells involves multiple transporters, and we identify eight transporters that may contribute to the uptake of T1AM in HeLa cells. This type of transporter small interfering RNA screening approach can be used in general to identify the constellation of transporters that participate in the intracellular disposition of compounds.
On Sea Surface Salinity Skin Effect Induced by Evaporation and Implications for Remote Sensing of Ocean Salinity

Abstract The existence of a cool and salty sea surface skin under evaporation was first proposed by Saunders in 1967, but few efforts have since been made to perceive the salt component of the skin layer. With two salinity missions scheduled to launch in the coming years, this study attempted to revisit the Saunders concept and to utilize presently available air–sea forcing datasets to analyze, understand, and interpret the effect of the salty skin and its implication for remote sensing of ocean salinity. Similar to surface cooling, the skin salinification would occur primarily at low and midlatitudes in regions that are characterized by low winds or high evaporation. On average, the skin is saltier than the interior water by 0.05–0.15 psu and cooler by 0.2°–0.5°C. The cooler and saltier skin at the top is always statically unstable, and the tendency to overturn is controlled by cooling. Once the skin layer overturns, the time to reestablish the full increase of skin salinity was reported to be on the ord...
Faculty attitude toward a nontraditional studies program

A survey was conducted among faculty members to determine their feelings about a nontraditional degree program. The faculty did not feel that the degree was of less rigor than a traditional degree and was in general favorable to the idea of innovative degree programs. However, the faculty was skeptical about any rewards that they might accrue by participating in the program.
Giant glioependymal cyst resembling holoprosencephaly on prenatal ultrasound: case report and review of the literature

We report the earliest in utero presentation of a 'giant' glioependymal cyst detected on routine prenatal ultrasound at 22 weeks estimated gestational age. The clinicopathologic features of these rare lesions are reviewed as well as previous reports of glioependymal cysts detected in utero. The effects of large intracranial cysts on neurodevelopment are discussed as well as the differential diagnosis of infantile intracranial cysts and therapeutic alternatives.
Raman scattering from (110) Hg0.8Cd0.2Te.

Abstract We report the first polarization dependent Raman scattering from the (1 1 0) surface of Hg0.8Cd0.2Te. In addition to the “HgTe-like” and “CdTe-like” transverse and longitudinal ( q =0) optical modes, we have observed a “clustering mode” [Γ1 symmetry], a feature due to a coupled LO phonon-intersubband excitation in the surface inversion layer and a symmetry forbidden TO feature which may be related to internal strain. The previously reported “defect mode” was not observed.
Ethylenediamine modified bovine serum albumin as protein carrier in the production of antibody against mycotoxins

The efficiency of conjugation of mycotoxin derivatives containing a carboxylic group or other related functional groups to bovine serum albumin (BSA) by water soluble carbodiimide method, mixed anhydride method and reductive alkylation technique, improved considerably when a modified BSA was used in which the carboxylic groups in the protein were blocked by ethylenediamine (EDA). Due to the increased efficiency, smaller amounts of the haptens were satisfactory for conjugation to EDA-BSA as compared to amounts for the unmodified protein. The mycotoxin-EDA-BSA conjugates were shown to be highly immunogenic in rabbits.
Maturation of reticular dendrites: loss of spines and development of bundles.

Abstract Dendrite systems of most neurons in the brain stem reticular core undergo two significant changes between birth and maturity. The shaggy spinelike excrescences (heteromorphic protospines) which cover each dendrite and soma at birth, are lost completely, resulting in smooth, spineless reticular dendrites in the adult nervous system. It is suggested that these spinelike structures and their associated presynaptic terminals are concerned with primitive needs of the internal milieu and are replaced by a secondary system of terminals which provide substrate for more complex core functions. In contrast to the familiar radiative aspect of reticular dendrites in newborn organisms, dendrite shafts are rearranged into bundles which surround the fascicles of axons running longitudinally through the reticular formation. The bundles of dendrites are marked by closeness of apposition of the shafts and continuous change in the dendritic elements comprising them. On the basis of previous work, it is suggested that these bundles are the repository for central programs mediating certain stereotyped repetitive output patterns such as respiration and the rest-activity cycle.
Predictive Value of Cardiac Troponin I and T for Subsequent Death in End-Stage Renal Disease

Background— This study determined the prevalence of increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and whether an increased troponin was predictive of death. Methods and Results— Serum was obtained from 733 ESRD patients and measured for cTnI and cTnT. Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regressions univariately and adjusted for age, time on dialysis, and coronary artery disease. Kaplan-Meier curves compared time to event data between groups. Greater percentages of patients had an increased cTnT versus cTnI at each cutoff, as follows: 99th percentile, 82% versus 6%; 10% coefficient of variation, 53% versus 1.0%; and receiver operator characteristic, 20% versus 0.4%. Increased versus normal cTnT was predictive of increased mortality using all cutoffs and only above the 99th percentile for cTnI. Two-year cumulative mortality rates increased (P<0.001) with changes in cTnT from normal (<0.01 μg/L, 8.4%) to small (≥0.01 to <0.04 μg/L, 26%), ...
Genetic and stress factors affecting the abnormal lymphocyte in schizophrenia.

ALTHOUGH abnormal leukocytes in mental disorders were observed about thirty years ago by DAMESHEK~~~ no further investigations of this problem were made until quite recently. We described three sorts of abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia.3 These findings were reflected in the bone marrow.4 Among several hypotheses discussed, the two major ones were that emotional stress or genetic factors were important antecedents of the morphological abnormalities. In this paper we report data bearing upon the relative validity of the genetic and stress hypotheses.
The neurophysiology of neurosecretory cells.

With the current trend in neurobiology of increasingly molecular/genetic studies, coupled with the faster payoff and feasibility of in vitro preparations, it is well to reflect on the advances from, and continued need for, the often more difficult systems research in neuroendocrinology. A huge leap in understanding the relationship between the electrical discharge of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurons and hormone release occurred courtesy of the discovery that the milk ejection known to result from OT release during lactation in mammals could be obtained under anaesthesia (Lincoln et al. 1973). This preparation paved the way for correlating the discharge patterns of antidromically identified neurosecretory neurons with the selective OT release in vivo, and led to an important series of papers by Wakerley, Lincoln and co-workers that set the bar in this field for decades to come. The obvious power of this preparation lay in the ability to precisely record each milk ejection by recording intramammary pressure, whilst simultaneously registering the spike trains of neurosecretory neurons. Two papers from The Journal of Physiology considered here (Lincoln & Wakerley, 1974, 1975) are part of a remarkable series of studies from the same lab during the 1970s. Collectively, these are testaments to the lasting rewards of in vivo electrical recording when combined with appropriate experimental conditions that allow expression of the system's physiological behaviour. They also punctuate the evolution in our understanding of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system – from the discovery of the hypothalamic origin and peptidergic nature of VP and OT (Bargmann & Scharrer, 1951), to the acceptance of the parent, large cells (magnocellular) of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) as fully neuronal in character.
Design methodology for multilayer coupled line filters

This paper presents a methodology for designing asymmetric coupled line band-pass filter circuits in multilayer substrates. Filter specifications are used for deriving normal mode parameters for various asymmetric coupled sections. Method for arriving at filter dimensions is described for the embedded (homogeneous dielectric) configurations. The method developed is verified by comparison with results obtained from a full-wave electromagnetic simulation.
The excitement of Google Scholar, the worry of Google Print.

In late 2004 Google announced two major projects, the unveiling of Google Scholar and a major expansion of the Google Print digitization program. Both projects have generated discussion within the library and research communities, and Google Print has received significant media attention.
‘Wholly Present’ Defined

Three-dimensionalists, sometimes referred to as endurantists, think that objects persist through time by being “wholly present” at every time they exist. But what is it for something to be wholly present at a time? It is surprisingly difficult to say. the three-dimensionalist is free, of course, to take ‘is wholly present at’ as one of her theory's primitives, but this is problematic for at least one reason: some philosophers claim not to understand her primitive. Clearly the three-dimensionalist would be better off if she could state her theory in terms accessible to all. We think she can. What is needed is a definition of ‘is wholly present at’ that all can understand, in this paper, we offer one.
IDENTIFICATION OF A NEW IRON REGULATED LOCUS OF SALMONELLA TYPHI

In order to identify genes belonging to the Fur regulon of Salmonella typhi which are absent from Escherichia coli K-12, a plasmid gene bank consisting of 4000 independent clones was screened for Fur regulated promoters using the Fur titration assay (FURTA). DNA probes generated from FURTA positive plasmids were then used for hybridization with chromosomal DNA from S. typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli. Using these techniques we identified an iron regulated locus present in S. typhi and S. typhimurium but not in E. coli. Further cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis identified two open reading frames, termed iroBC, organized in a typical operon structure. The genes iroBC were located at 4 and 57 centisomes on the physical maps of Salmonella typhi and S. typhimurium, respectively. This region of the S. typhimurium chromosome contains a large DNA loop which is absent from the corresponding area of the E. coli chromosome. Finally, we developed a new method for generation of single copy transcriptional fusions. A suicide vector was constructed, which allows for the generation of chromosomal fusions to the promoterless E. coli lacZYA genes. By integration of this construct at the iro locus we could establish iron responsive expression of iroBC.
Building the Foundation for Collaboration: Seamless Learning at a New College

The creation of a brand-new college of engineering was an opportunity to rethink the curriculum and cocurriculum and the interaction between the two.
Copy-number changes in prenatal diagnosis

Until recently, the prenatal detection of genetic disease was available to only a subset of the pregnant population deemed to be at an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities or, more rarely, other genetic disorders, based on family history, multiple-marker screening or ultrasound findings. Guided by recent data that indicate that screening for Down syndrome has improved and that risks of invasive procedures are smaller than previously ascertained, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recommended that all women have access to invasive prenatal diagnosis. The parallel development of newer genetic diagnostic technologies, such as chromosomal microarray analysis, has made it feasible to simultaneously test for more conditions than was possible with standard karyotype analysis complemented by targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization or mutation detection for specific conditions. In the pediatric and adult population, chromosomal microarray analysis has already been thoroughly ev...
Simultaneous Remote Searching: The System and the Reality

Simultaneous Remote Searching (SRS) is a technique for slaving a remote terminal and performing an online bibliographic search at a remote site. SRS is especially valuable for rural libraries, hospital libraries, or offices, where a trained searcher is not available. Through SRS, online searches can be available to any terminal or computer that has a modem.
Global agriculture needs smart science and policies

Food insecurity and climate change, the twin crises that may define the future [1] have brought agriculture back into the spotlight of international debate. In spite of the growing threats of climate change to agricultural yields and livelihoods, global agriculture must produce additional food to feed a growing population [2]. Today, more than ever before, we understand the significance that climate has for agriculture. Major weather and food price shocks are becoming the new norm – the recent droughts in the horn of Africa, Russia, Australia, and United States markedly affected food production and prices, and increased the vulnerability of the poor. Agriculture’s direct reliance on the natural resource base is a defining characteristic of the sector, consuming 70% of global freshwater and occupying 40% of global land area. Conventional forms of agricultural production are often unsustainable, pollute the environment and deplete the natural resources on which production relies over time. Low agricultural productivity is often associated with poverty, food insecurity, and nutrient depletion in Africa, where just 4% of smallholder farmers use improved seeds, the average fertilizer application is 9 kg per hectare, and only 1% of arable land is under irrigation. In Asia, inappropriate irrigation practices lead to elevated methane emissions and salinization, and high nitrogen fertilizer levels to greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is the world’s leading source of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, a substantial source of carbon emissions, and the principal driver behind deforestation worldwide. Some 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions are attributable to agriculture and deforestation. The growing consensus on the need for a climate-smart agriculture (CSA) emerged largely out of awareness of the sector’s negative impacts. More recently, this perspective of agriculture as a source of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution has become more balanced, with a growing understanding of the environmental services the sector can provide if production is well-managed. CSA
Rivalries and the Democratic Peace in the Major Power Subsystem

Strategic rivalry dyads facilitate conflict, while democratic dyads constrain conflict. Which effect is more powerful? Examining conflict (militarized disputes and war) in the major power subsystem (1816-1992), both types of relationships are statistically significant predictors of conflict, and both employed together are more powerful than either used separately. Of the two, rivalry information provides the more powerful predictor, but this explanatory advantage is eroding over time. Mixed dyads are also found to be more conflictual than either autocratic or democratic dyads. There are implications for monadic and systemic interpretations of the democratic peace that receive brief mention, but the main implication is that we need to be careful about not giving too much credit to regime type alone for bringing about more pacific interactions in dyadic relations. Domestic institutions operate within external environments that condition their effects on foreign policies. To best explain conflict, we need information on both domestic and external environments.
A simulation model for management of operations in the pharmacy of a hospital

A need exists for a readily usable tool for different operations management strategies in a pharmacy of a hospital. A simulation model of a pharmacy, incorporating the major activities in relation to processing of regular orders, emergency orders and outdoor orders has been presented. The model has been programmed using the simulation language SIMAN. Several complexities like getting clarifications on drug orders and preparation of I.V. drugs have been included. Turnaround times of orders and utilizations of pharmacist, order technician and order entry technician have been investigated and found to be comparable to a real life pharmacy. Detailed description has been presented about how an operating manager may use the model to evaluate various operating strategies. Sensitivity analysis of a few parameters has been presented to illustrate some important relationships. Performance measures estimated by the model are found to be very similar to a real life hospital pharmacy.
Echocardiographic assessment for ventricular assist device placement

While many factors depend on successful implantation and outcome of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), echocardiography remains an integral part and is vital to the success of this process. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) allows interrogation of all the cardiac structures and great vessels. The pre-implantation TEE exam establishes a baseline and may identify potential problems that need palliation. Among these, most significant are aortic insufficiency (AI), intracardiac thrombi, poor right ventricular (RV) function, and intracardiac shunts. The post-implantation exam allows for adequate de-airing of the heart and successful LVAD initiation. The position and flow profiles of the inflow and outflow cannulas of the LVAD may be assessed. Finally, it assists in the astute management and vigilant identification and correction of a number of complications in the immediate post-implantation period. TEE will continue to remain vital to the successful outcomes LVAD patients.
Genetic Pleiotropies of Obesity

Advances in the knowledge of variation in the human genome and reproducible results from the Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of susceptible loci contributing to obesity and related disorders. Obesity is associated with and may contribute to the development of many metabolic diseases including, but not limited to, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, often leading to morbidity and mortality; however the mechanisms linking the genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity to these metabolic complications are extremely complex and remains to be fully elucidated. In this chapter, we review a number of genetic perturbations that predispose to obesity as well as obesity-associated metabolic complications. Further understanding on how these variants act may help toward personalized treatment for obesity-related comorbidities based on individual needs.
Effects of waves on BEM theory in a marine tidal turbine environment

Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is a well understood and proven method for modeling blade loads and determining steady state performance characteristics of wind turbines. Recently this theory has successfully been applied to horizontal axis marine current turbines when incorporating modifications that lead to better predictions of turbine performance for a range of operating conditions. Relatively little work exists in the implementation of BEM theory in a marine environment with surface gravity waves. A better understanding of the effects of waves on tidal turbines is necessary to predict fatigue loading that can eventually lead to blade failure. This paper presents a BEM numerical model that incorporates the unsteady velocities due to the presence of waves and assesses the effects of waves on tidal turbine performance. Numerical results of the coefficient of power (CP) and coefficient of thrust (CT) match closely with experimental results for the mean Cp and CT for a range of tip speed ratios. The model is also able to predict the instantaneous amplitudes of the performance characteristics as compared with the measured values except for the BEM calculated thrust which shows a 20% reduction in amplitude.
Development of the Bait Principle for Boll Weevil Control: Calco Oil Red N-1700® Dye for Measuring Ingestion

A simple and inexpensive technique for measuring ingestion by adult Anthonomus grandis Boheman is described. Identical results were obtained using both the chromic oxide method and a red dye (Calco Oil Red N-1700®). Recovery of dye injected into adult weevils averaged 98%. No evidence of metabolism of the dye for as long as 8 hr postinjection was observed. The dye has no deleterious effects on the boll weevil, is easily recovered, and docs not require the use of dangerous chemicals prepared reagents, or a chemical reaction. Suggestions are made for formulating the dye to obtain uniform dispersions in aqueous media.
Forever a fan: Reflections on the branding of death and the production of value:

This article explores how the branding of death among ‘die-hard’ fans involves the production and articulation of multiple forms of value. Specifically, it asks: how do corporations attempt to increase their profits by harvesting the individual and collective sentiments of fans during mortuary rituals? What kind of work do branded funeral products do for die-hard fans? How might the branding of death facilitate new forms of remembering and even enable the deceased to remain in circulation among the living? It is argued that while the branding of death clearly enables corporations to augment their profits by appropriating the emotional investments of fans, it may also provide fans with a novel mechanism for expanding their own value by extending their remembered presence across space and time after death. This argument is developed in three movements. First, I engage with some of the recent literature on branding and value co-creation in the new economy. Then I draw upon studies of fan consumption to consi...
Integrated Regional Cardiac Hemodynamic Imaging and RNA Sequencing Reveal Corresponding Heterogeneity of Ventricular Wall Shear Stress and Endocardial Transcriptome

Background Unlike arteries, in which regionally distinct hemodynamics are associated with phenotypic heterogeneity, the relationships between endocardial endothelial cell phenotype and intraventricular flow remain largely unexplored. We investigated regional differences in left ventricular wall shear stress and their association with endocardial endothelial cell gene expression. Methods and Results Local wall shear stress was calculated from 4‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in 3 distinct regions of human (n=8) and pig (n=5) left ventricle: base, adjacent to the outflow tract; midventricle; and apex. In both species, wall shear stress values were significantly lower in the apex and midventricle relative to the base; oscillatory shear index was elevated in the apex. RNA sequencing of the endocardial endothelial cell transcriptome in pig left ventricle (n=8) at a false discovery rate ≤10% identified 1051 genes differentially expressed between the base and the apex and 327 between the base and the midventricle; no differentially expressed genes were detected at this false discovery rate between the apex and the midventricle. Enrichment analyses identified apical upregulation of genes associated with translation initiation including mammalian target of rapamycin, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling. Genes of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation were also consistently upregulated in the left ventricular apex, as were tissue factor pathway inhibitor (mean 50‐fold) and prostacyclin synthase (5‐fold)—genes prominently associated with antithrombotic protection. Conclusions We report the first spatiotemporal measurements of wall shear stress within the left ventricle and linked regional hemodynamics to heterogeneity in ventricular endothelial gene expression, most notably to translation initiation and anticoagulation properties in the left ventricular apex, in which oscillatory shear index is increased and wall shear stress is decreased.
Geometry interventions for K-12 students with and without disabilities: A research synthesis

Abstract Geometry instruction is an important yet often overlooked subject in current education research and practice. This study synthesized intervention studies focusing on instruction to improve geometry skills for K-12 students with and without disabilities. Thirty two studies met the inclusion criteria: being published in English-language peer-reviewed journals or dissertations between 1980 and 2015, using quantitative method, and targeting kindergarten through twelfth grade students in the United States. Five studies examined the effectiveness of new geometry curricula, sixteen studies investigated instructional strategies, and eleven studies explored educational technologies. Although a broad range of geometric subjects were covered for normal achieving students, most of the studies for students with special needs primarily focused on very basic geometry skills. Only one study was found about teaching geometry to kindergarteners. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
TU-FG-209-07: Medical Physics 1.0 Versus Medical Physics 2.0: A Case Study

Purpose: To illustrate how performance analytics can identify performance decrement in digital radiography systems. Methods: Subsequent to a radiologist's image quality complaint, four different advanced methods contributed to root cause analysis. Our system was a GE Revolution XQi digital radiography unit. Initially, we reviewed weekly GE Quality Assurance Procedures (QAP) results in a database dating from 2001. Next, we evaluated objective image quality metrics of individual PA Chest radiographs acquired. These images were anonymized, securely transferred, and analyzed by the Duke University Clinical Imaging Physics Group with software previously described1 and validated2. Third, we compared the exposure-dependent SNR2 (NEQ) of the unit with previously established confidence limits3. Finally, we explored our service database to reveal events that might affect detector performance. Results: QAP reported a decrease in CNR reflected in a significant increase in lung noise(Ln), mediastinum noise(Mn), and subdiaphragm-lung contrast(Slc) with a significant decrease in lung grey level(Lgl) after detector replacement. Most change occurred during week 1, before the QAP indicated one-half the ultimate decrease in CNR. After detector recalibration, QAP CNR improved, but was not restored to previous levels. Lgl and Slc were no longer significantly different from before, however Ln and Mn remained significantly different. Exposure-dependent SNR2 show the detector to be operating within limits in October 2006 but subsequently became miscalibrated sometime before acquisition of the 2011–2014 data. Service records revealed catastrophic failure of the Image Detection Controller that contained the 2007 calibration. Traditional metrics did not indicate that the system was performing outside of normal limits. Conclusion: Performance analytics are powerful tools whose proper application could allow early intervention in degraded system performance. The image-quality metrics appear to be highly sensitive to system performance and are reported with every acquisition rather than at arbitrary intervals. Confidence intervals may require customization for individual systems or detectors.
Classification of Human Activities Using Variation in Impedance of Single On-Body Antenna

We propose to use the variation in input impedance of a single on-body antenna to classify human activities. The reflection coefficients of a single on-body antenna are shown to exhibit unique time-varying features for various daily activities. Employing seven human subjects, six different activities are measured by two antenna placements at three operating frequencies. A dynamic time-warping algorithm is introduced to classify the human activities. We find that the classification accuracy can be as high as 98% when the antenna is placed on the chest and operates at 433 MHz. The classification accuracy in terms of the time-window size is also presented and discussed.
Ulnar artery thrombosis

Management of ulnar artery thrombosis is a complex problem. Diagnosis is confirmed by Allen testing; other special studies are needed for adequate evaluation of circulation, and arteriography is necessary before definitive therapy can be planned. Treatment must be patient oriented and directed at the underlying abnormality. Options for treatment include arterial reconstruction using reversed interposition vein grafting, mechanical sympathectomy performed by surgical resection of the thrombosed segment and ligation of the artery, and nonsurgical treatment.
Anxiety and Cognition

Within cognitive neuroscience, problems can be discussed at various levels of analysis (Churchland and Sejnowski, 1988). The contributors to this volume illustrate the levels that can be used to discuss the mechanisms involved in anxiety. A majority approach the study of anxiety from a relatively low level, focusing on the neurochemical mechanisms underlying drug effects on anxiety. In contrast, the focus of this chapter is on the higher (cognitive) levels.
Magnetic shield design modeling and validation for SWOT spacecraft Ka-band Extended Interaction Klystron

Two Extended Interaction Klystrons (EIKs) containing strong permanent magnets were modeled magnetically in a representative spacecraft geometry using commercial finite element modeling techniques and were validated against measurements made at varying distances. Initial modeling results for the 63 A-m2 dipole moment magnets showed that magnetic shields would be necessary in order to meet magnetic field requirements for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) spacecraft, which contains components that are susceptible to external DC magnetic fields. JPL and the EIK vendor proposed cold rolled steel and mu-metal as potential shield materials along with proposed thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm. Magnetic shields made from each of these materials were designed and modeled in software, taking high-field saturation into account. Prototype magnetic shields with these parameters were then built, measured with an existing EIK, and compared against modeling results. For single-axis field measurements along the dipole axis, modeling results were within 7 gauss of the measured values at 10 cm from the magnet, and converged to less than 1.5 gauss at distances greater than 14 cm from the magnet. Three-axis field measurements at locations of interest showed that model correlation improved to within 4 gauss at 11 cm and 2 gauss for distances ranging between 15 cm and 36 cm.
Autophagy Induction Results in Enhanced Anoikis Resistance in Models of Peritoneal Disease.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis and peritoneal sarcomatosis is a potential complication of nearly all solid tumors and results in profoundly increased morbidity and mortality. Despite the ubiquity of peritoneal carcinomatosis/peritoneal sarcomatosis, there are no clinically relevant targeted therapies for either its treatment or prevention. To identify potential therapies, we developed in vitro models of peritoneal carcinomatosis/peritoneal sarcomatosis using tumor cell lines and patient-derived spheroids (PDS) that recapitulate anoikis resistance and spheroid proliferation across multiple cancer types. Epithelial- and mesenchymal-derived cancer cell lines (YOU, PANC1, HEYA8, CHLA10, and TC71) were used to generate spheroids and establish growth characteristics. Differential gene expression analyses of these spheroids to matched adherent cells revealed a consensus spheroid signature. This spheroid signature discriminates primary tumor specimens from tumor cells found in ascites of ovarian cancer patients and in our PDS models. Key in this gene expression signature is BNIP3 and BNIP3L, known regulators of autophagy and apoptosis. Elevated BNIP3 mRNA expression is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer patients and elevated BNIP3 protein, as measured by IHC, and is also associated with higher grade tumors and shorter survival. Pharmacologic induction of autophagy with rapamycin significantly increased spheroid formation and survival while decreasing the induction of apoptosis. In contrast, the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine abrogated spheroid formation with a clear increase in apoptosis. Modulation of BNIP3 and the critical autophagy gene Beclin-1 (BECN1) also caused a significant decrease in spheroid formation. Combined, these data demonstrate how modulation of BNIP3-related autophagy, in PDS and in vitro spheroid models, alters the survival and morphology of spheroids. Implications: Development of BNIP3/BNIP3L-targeting agents or autophagy-targeting agents may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis. Mol Cancer Res; 15(1); 26–34. ©2016 AACR.
Neuronal Communication Beyond Synapses

In this chapter we will discuss neuronal communication mechanisms that do not require precise juxtaposition of a presynaptic and postsynaptic cell. We will review communication (1) by messenger molecules other than the classical neurotransmitters and neuromodulators; (2) by fluctuations in extracellular ion concentration, particularly extracellular potassium concentration; and (3) by endogenous electric fields generated by network activity. One common thread is that these mechanisms usually enable communication at a larger scale than just between pairs of individual neurons. Necessarily, this chapter is an eclectic collection of little-studied and poorly understood mechanisms.
Comparing Controlled Vocabularies and Tags: Research Methodologies and Research Goals

Tags have been compared to controlled vocabulary terms and have been suggested as replacements or enhancements in indexing. This paper explores tagging and controlled vocabulary studies in the context of studies examining title and author keywords or user search terms and uses the results to analyse 236000 PubMed records tagged in CiteULike. Les etiquettes ont ete comparees avec les vedettes-matieres et ont ete suggeres comme remplacement ou comme addition a l'indexation conventionnelle. Cet article examine la recherche sur l'etiquetage et les vedette-matieres en comparaison avec des etudes examinant les mots-cles de titre et d'auteur ou les mots-cles des requetes d'usager et utilisera ses resultats pour analyser 236 000 notices catalographiques de PubMed etiquetees sur CiteULike.