cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Conditions Across the Life Course on the Human Gut Microbiota: A Pilot Project With the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.

Objective To test the feasibility of collecting and integrating data on the gut microbiome into one of the most comprehensive longitudinal studies of aging and health, the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS). The long-term goal of this integration is to clarify the contribution of social conditions in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota late in life. Research on the microbiome, which is considered to be of parallel importance to human health as the human genome, has been hindered by human studies with nonrandomly selected samples and with limited data on social conditions over the life course. Methods No existing population-based longitudinal study had collected fecal specimens. Consequently, we created an in-person protocol to collect stool specimens from a subgroup of WLS participants. Results We collected 429 stool specimens, yielding a 74% response rate and one of the largest human samples to date. Discussion The addition of data on the gut microbiome to the WLS-and to other population based longitudinal studies of aging-is feasible, under the right conditions, and can generate innovative research on the relationship between social conditions and the gut microbiome.
Language and the Higher Cognitive Processes

The dual processes of abstraction and of association described in the last chapter result in an immense number of engrams represented anatomically throughout the brain. Whether these engrams exist as reverberatory circuits (Hebb, 1949), as specific patterns of neurons differentially activated (Erickson, 1984), as diffuse field effects (John et al., 1973), or indeed in still some other physiological structure, is not critical to our considerations at this point. What seems true almost beyond question is that engrams, regardless of their nature, must have a diffuse representation ultimately incorporating all of the neocortex.
Rumbles and Bangs: Innovation, Contention, and the Emergence of New Industries

While the stages of industry emergence have received much attention from researchers, emergence triggers remain an understudied topic. In this paper, I argue that understanding the triggers for industry emergence is a necessary foundation for any predictive models of emergence. I construct a typology for industry emergence triggers based on the two main dimensions that researchers have used in prior research: technological innovation and contention. The conflation of these two dimensions reveals a tendency for most of available research to focus on emergence episodes happening as a result of radical innovations or highly contentious stakeholders’ interactions. To further validate the typology, I present a case study for the emergence of the secondary phosphorus industry in the Netherlands as an example of an emergence episode in the absence of radical technological innovation and/or highly contentious relationships between stakeholders. I use a combination of in- depth interviews and trade publications an...
Distributed quasi-dynamic state estimation with both GPS-synchronized and non-synchronized data

The distribution system always contains GPS-synchronized data and non-synchronized data. The application of both types of data in state estimation increases redundancy and accuracy of the estimated states. Using both GPS-synchronized and non-synchronized data, this paper introduces object-oriented distributed quasi-dynamic state estimation (DQDSE), which tracks slow dynamics (e.g., electromechanical transients of rotating electrical machines, controls of power electronics, etc.) while neglecting fast electromagnetic transients. DQDSE offers an efficient and practical way of performing state estimation for subsystems with phasor measurement units and other meters. It also transmits generated results to the control center for system automation and control. The advantages of DQDSE follow: (1) It uses a highly accurate system model, (2) it deals with unbalanced operating conditions, and (3) it uses local measurements to reduce state estimation computation time. The demonstrative example verifies the effectiveness of DQDSE.
Acute endurance exercise increases Vegfa mRNA expression in adipose tissue of rats during the early stages of weight gain

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of acute exercise on key factors regulating angiogenesis in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue Vegf-a messenger RNA expression was upregulated immediately after acute exercise (p < 0.05) in rats consuming a high-fat diet, but was lower after exercise (p < 0.05) in rats consuming a low-fat diet. Our working hypothesis is that acute exercise augments angiogenic signaling under conditions when adipose tissue is expanding, and with repeated exercise sessions these signals can accrue to enhance vascularization.
Abstract 9639: Pre-Transplant Circulating Antibodies Predict Development of Antibody-Mediated Rejection after Heart Transplant Using the New ISHLT Antibody-Mediated Rejection Pathology Grading Scale

Purpose: Pre-transplant circulating antibodies have been associated with the development of antibody mediated rejection (AMR) following heart transplantation. The new pathology antibody mediated re...
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Common Questions About Diagnosis and Management

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most commonly diagnosed systemic inflammatory arthritis, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 1% worldwide. Women, smokers, and those with a family history of the disease are most often affected. Rheumatoid arthritis should be considered if there is at least one joint with definite swelling that is not better explained by another disease. In a patient with inflammatory arthritis, the presence of a rheumatoid factor and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibody, elevated C-reactive protein level, or elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis may impact organs other than the joints, including lungs, skin, and eyes. Rapid diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis allows for earlier treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, which is associated with better outcomes. The goal of therapy is to initiate early medical treatment to achieve disease remission or the lowest disease activity possible. Methotrexate is typically the first-line agent for rheumatoid arthritis. Additional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or biologic agents should be added if disease activity persists. Comorbid conditions, including hepatitis B or C or tuberculosis infections, must be considered when choosing medical treatments. Although rheumatoid arthritis is often a chronic disease, some patients can taper and discontinue medications and remain in long-term remission.
Analysis of Eukaryotic Control Proteins at Their Recognition Sequences by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

The capability of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) for measurement of macromolecular mass and mass distribution (1–3) and the recent discovery of in vitro systems for eukaryotic transcription (4–7) have led us to explore the characterization of control proteins and initiation complexes by quantitative electron microscopy in the neighborhood of promoters and other important DNA sequences. Cloned individual genes and control sequences are used. This approach is feasible because of the adhesion and spreading of DNA fragments on thin carbon foil which results from activation of the foil by electrical discharge in pure N2 (8). A significant additional advantage of such preparations has proved to be the ability to determine position on unstained, unshadowed DNA to within a few base pairs (bp) (see below).
On the Mathematical Modeling of Textures in Polymeric Liquid Crystals

I consider the problem of development of domain structures in polymeric liquid crystal materials, in the absence of flow. The model emploid is that due to Ericksen. In one-space dimension, the optic variables of the problem satisfy a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. An analysis of traveling wave solutions and energy minimizers is carried out, using phase plane arguments. In particular, the presence of isotropic fronts in the material is discussed. Solutions to the governing equations that exhibit banding structures are also analyzed, in the framework of singular perturbations. The motivation of the present analyses is the modeling of banding textures that result from shear relaxation processes.
Sociocultural Variations in Adolescent Girls' Expressions of Distress: What We Know and Need to Know

Social workers have a unique interest in understanding diversity in patterns of human adaptation to adverse circumstances. This paper draws social workers' attention to empirical research on sociocultural variations in adolescent girls' expressions of distress. Focusing on internalizing and externalizing modes of expression, the author summarizes current studies that investigate ethnic/race and socioeconomic influences on adolescent girls' behavioral and psychological symptoms of underlying distress. This review of existing literature points to the need for a more refined understanding of multiple and interacting influences on adolescent female patterns of expression and draws several implications for social work practice with this diverse population group.
SIMPLE NONLINEAR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF R/C STRUCTURES

A simple analytical model is developed for the calculation of the seismic displacement history response of reinforced concrete frame and frame-wall structures. The computer cost for the model is approximately three precent of that for a MDOF system. A structure is idealized as a single-degree system consisting of a mass mounted on a rigid bar connected to the ground by a hinge and a nonlinear rotational spring. The primary force-deformation relationship for the spring is obtained by a static analysis of the multistory structure. To account for stiffness changes during an earthquake, a simple hysteresis model comprising only four rules is developed. The model is examined for eight small-scale ten-story reinforced concrete test structures, and the analytical results are compared with the measured response histories. The model is shown to be successful in most instances.
8: Epigenetic regulation of Th-17 differentiation

Differentiation of Th17 cells requires the combination of IL-6 and TGF-β and is further maintained by IL-23. This T cell subtype is important for both host defense against extracellular pathogens and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The main cytokines produced by Th17 cells are IL-17, which induces strong proinflammatory effects, and IL-22, an enhancer of epithelial proliferation and healing responses. Previous research has demonstrated that the expression of the transcription factor c-Maf is important for inhibition of IL-22 production in Th17 cells. The transcription factor AHR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) has also been shown crucial for proper Th17 differentiation. The adapter protein PTIP (Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein) has recently been shown to have a role in the maturation of thymocytes. PTIP stably associates with complexes containing the chromatin methyltransferases MLL3 and MLL4, which modify chromatin in order to activate gene transcription. Here we demonstrate that PTIP contributes to Th17 differentiation and function via regulation of both c-Maf and AHR. Using CD4+ T cells from Ptipf/fCD4 Cre+ (PTIP−/−) mice and Cre- (WT) controls in a T cell transfer model of chronic colitis, we determined that RAG2−/− mice receiving WT cells had aggressive colitis with high expression of IL-17 in the intestine. However, in mice receiving PTIP−/− cells there was a reduction in IL-17 and an increase in IL-22 expression. The change in IL-17 and IL-22 expression in PTIP−/− mice was confirmed in vitro. Further analysis by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that MLL3 binding and its dependent chromatin modifications at the loci for IL-17, c-Maf and AHR were enhanced in WT Th17 cells when compared to Th0 conditions and reduced in PTIP−/− Th17 cells. These data highlight, for the first time, that PTIP is essential for proper differentiation of Th17 cells.
Angles and Triangles

Our idea of an angle is simply a set of points which is the union of two noncollinear rays with the same vertex. See Figure 9.1. Note that this is not saying the same thing as the union of any two rays \( \overrightarrow {VA} \) and \( \overrightarrow {VB} \). If V-A-B, the union is just a ray; if A-V-B, the union is a line. We choose to have our angles distinct from rays and lines. Otherwise when making statements, we would always have to keep making exceptions for these cases. They would be more bother than they would be worth. Perhaps you are shocked that this eliminates the so-called straight angle from the class of angles. Well, what is a straight angle anyway? If it is just a line, who needs it? Should it be a flag—an ordered pair (P, I) with point P on line l? If so, then it is certainly different from a set of points.
A Symposium: What's Ahead for Marketing Managers?:

Marketing managers will face new kinds of problems during the coming decade as industry and company structures become more complex, and as environmental pressures increase. The author explores some of the anticipated trends of the 1970s and their effects on marketing organization and methods.
Extrasynaptic Release of Dopamine and Volume Transmission in the Retina

Retinal DA cells share with the neurons of the substantia nigra the property of releasing dopamine in absence of presynaptic active zones. As in the midbrain, the released dopamine acts on receptors at locations distant from the release sites, a modality of communication called volume or paracrine transmission. This extrasynaptic release is controlled by the electrical activity of the cell and by extrasynaptic receptors for the neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate and dopamine. Thus, in addition to the synaptic inputs onto DA cells, dopaminergic volume transmission is regulated by the integration of the passive and active properties of the DA cells surface as well as the presence of neuroactive molecules in the extracellular space.
Size effects in the martensitic transformation hysteresis in Ni-Mn-Sn Heusler alloy films

Abstract Understanding the effect of small characteristic length scales on phase transformations requires microscopic observations to identify mechanisms which may influence the progression of the transformation. Here, we report thickness-dependent hysteresis in electrochemically deposited Ni–Mn–Sn Heusler alloy films, as observed by optical microscopy. This approach allows for analyzing size dependent phase transformation behavior within individual grains from films with decreasing thickness. Hysteresis is not correlated with grain size, but increases with decreasing film thickness following a power law relationship. This behavior is attributable to internal friction-induced energy dissipation at the film/substrate interface in microscale alloy films.
Abstract 143: Surface Modification of Stem Cell Exosomes Myocardial Infarction Specific Peptides for Non-invasive Delivery to Ischemic Myocardium

Exosomes are under extensive investigation as a next generation therapeutic agent for clinical applications in various diseases. Stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown to provide post-MI cardia...
Gender in Electricity Policymaking in India, Nepal and Kenya

Electricity is regarded as a basic amenity fundamental to improving human well-being and overall economic development. It also contributes to improving gender parity and social inclusion, especially in situations where women are challenged by harsh living conditions. This chapter examines how gender issues that were considered are addressed in the policies related to electricity in India, Kenya, and Nepal. The analysis reveals that whilst more than half of the reviewed documents were devoid of any explicit mention of gender concerns, an increasing number of electricity policies are now reflecting gender considerations. The predominantly “gender-blind” approach towards the potential benefits of electricity access emanates from a reluctance to explicitly acknowledge gender based differences in needs in creating equitable outcomes. The assumption that electricity access itself is enough for associated benefits to trickle down, that too equitably for men and women, stems from limited awareness. This is aggravated further by the absence of documented evidence on the merit of including gender elements in electrification policies and programmes. Based on the review of existing electricity policies, this chapter provides specific recommendations for incorporating gender in the electricity policies with a view to support and address the broader energy justice concerns.
Managing Pain in the Setting of Opioid Use Disorder.

Abstract Specific Clinical Issue Healthcare providers are challenged with managing pain and minimizing morbidity and mortality associated with opioid use disorder. Major Practice Recommendations Based on Best Evidence The purpose of this article is to guide acute and ambulatory care clinicians in managing pain in patients with opioid use disorder. Included in this article is a review of medications used for opioid use disorder, a discussion of the management of patients with active opioid use disorder and acute or chronic pain, and a discussion of the management of acute and chronic pain in people in recovery both on and off medications for opioid use disorder.
Decay of Ce 144 and Pr 144

The beta and gamma spectra from the decay of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{144}$ and ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{144}$ have been investigated by means of a magnetic-lens beta spectrometer and single-channel scintillation spectrometers. Three partial beta spectra with end-point energies and relative intensities of 184 kev (30%), 245 kev (5%), and 320 kev (65%) were observed for ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{144}$. Gamma rays and internal conversion lines corresponding to 54, 80, and 134-kev transitions were also detected. Internal conversion coefficients indicate an $M1$ multipolarity for the 80- and 134-kev transitions. ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{144}$ yields three partial beta spectra with end-point energies and relative intensities of 0.90 Mev (2%), 2.45 Mev (3%), and 3.15 Mev (95%). Corresponding gamma rays were also detected. Beta-gamma and gamma-gamma coincidence measurements substantiate the proposed decay scheme.
Effects of an 80% cigarette price increase on quit attempts, successful quitting and smoking intensity among Korean adult smokers: results from nationally representative longitudinal panel data.

Objectives South Korea implemented an unprecedented cigarette tax increase in 2015, raising its cigarette price by 80%. This study evaluated the extent to which the 2015 cigarette tax increase affected Korean adult smokers in terms of quit attempts, successful quitting and smoking intensity. Methods Data were drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal study, the Korean Welfare Panel Study (waves 9–12, 2014–2017). Korean adults who smoked before the 2015 cigarette tax increase comprised the sample (n=2114). We used the multiple logistic regressions to examine factors of quit attempts and successful quitting and the generalised estimating equations to estimate changes in smoking intensity among continued smokers. Results After the cigarette tax increase, 60.9% (n=1334) of baseline smokers attempted to quit and 34.7% of the attempters succeeded in quitting. The smokers aged ≥ 65 years and light smokers both attempted more (p Conclusion The current study findings imply that the Korean government may consider implementing periodic increases in cigarette tax which should reflect the rate of inflation and income growth. Smoking cessation programmes need to address depressive symptoms.
Ramsey sequences of graphs

A sequence { G k } of graphs is a Ramsey sequence if for every positive integer k, the graph Gk is isomorphic to a proper subgraph of G k + 1 and for each positive integer k, there is an integer n ...
Converging finite-temperature many-body perturbation theory in the grand canonical ensemble that conserves the average number of electrons

Abstract A finite-temperature perturbation theory for the grand canonical ensemble is introduced that expands the chemical potential in a perturbation series and conserves the average number of electrons, ensuring charge neutrality of the system at each perturbation order. Two (sum-over-state and reduced) classes of analytical formulas are obtained in a straightforward, algebraic, time-independent derivation for the first-order corrections to the chemical potential, grand potential, and internal energy, with the aid of several identities of the Boltzmann sums also introduced in this study. These formulas are numerically verified against benchmark data from thermal full configuration interaction. For a nondegenerate ground state, the finite-temperature perturbation theory reduces analytically to and is consistent with the Moller–Plesset perturbation theory as temperature (T) tends to zero. For a degenerate ground state, it should instead reduce to the Hirschfelder–Certain degenerate perturbation theory as T → 0.
Lessons in public (mis)communication about the laboratory from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has put the clinical laboratory in the spotlight. The news media is regularly seeking out interviews with microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and pathologists. Increased public exposure offers opportunities to improve how laboratory professionals communicate our insights. We can emphasize what is new, unusual, or controversial about our knowledge, utilize social media effectively, and improve relationships with journalists by understanding their workflow and traditions. While public engagement has risks and must be considerate of institutional policies, it also validates our value to patients, policy-makers, and employers.
It’s about time: perceived barriers to in-service teacher climate change professional development

The pressing nature of climate change and its associated impacts requires a climate literate citizenry. Climate change education in K-12 settings may provide a unique opportunity to make inroads to...
Low social affiliation predicts increases in callous-unemotional behaviors in early childhood

Background Callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors predict risk for aggression and rule-breaking. Low social affiliation (i.e. reduced motivation for and enjoyment of social closeness) is hypothesized to be a phenotypic marker for CU behaviors in early childhood. However, studies need to establish observational methods to objectively assess social affiliation as well as to establish parenting practices that can buffer pathways from low social affiliation to CU behaviors. Methods Using data from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (age 2, 47% females; age 3, 44.9% females), we examined reciprocal associations between observed social affiliation, CU behaviors, and oppositional-defiant behaviors. We tested whether positive parenting moderated associations over time. Results We established that an observed measure of social affiliation derived from the Bayley's Behavior Rating Scale and Infant Behavior Record showed high inter-rater reliability and expected convergence with parent-reported temperament measures. Lower social affiliation at age 2 uniquely predicted CU behaviors, but not oppositional-defiant behaviors, at age 3. Finally, low social affiliation at age 2 predicted CU behaviors at age 3 specifically among children who experienced low, but not high, levels of parental positivity. Conclusions An objective rating scale that is already widely used in pediatric settings reliably indexes low social affiliation and risk for CU behaviors. The dynamic interplay between parenting and low child social affiliation represents an important future target for novel individual- and dyadic-targeted treatments to reduce risk for CU behaviors.
Supply Constraints and Limits to Arbitrage in the ETF Loan Market

We find that exchange-traded fund (ETF) lending fees are significantly higher than stock lending fees. Two institutional features unique to ETFs play significant roles in explaining the high fees. First, regulations restrict investment companies, such as mutual funds and ETFs, from owning ETFs. As these institutions are key lenders, their absence reduces the lendable supply in the ETF loan market. Second, while the create-to-lend (CTL) mechanism alleviates supply constraints when borrowing demand increases, its efficacy is limited by the associated costs and frictions. Our results speak to the limits to arbitrage in the ETF markets.
Magnetofluidic Immuno-PCR for Point-of-care COVID-19 Serological Testing

Abstract Serological tests play an important role in the fight against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), including monitoring the dynamic immune response after vaccination, identifying past infection and determining community infection rate. Conventional methods for serological testing, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and chemiluminescence immunoassays, provide reliable and sensitive antibody detection but require sophisticated laboratory infrastructure and/or lengthy assay time. Conversely, lateral flow immunoassays are suitable for rapid point-of-care tests but have limited sensitivity. Here, we describe the development of a rapid and sensitive magnetofluidic immuno-PCR platform that can address the current gap in point-of-care serological testing for COVID-19. Our magnetofluidic immuno-PCR platform automates a magnetic bead-based, single-binding, and one-wash immuno-PCR assay in a palm-sized magnetofluidic device and delivers results in ∼30 min. In the device, a programmable magnetic arm attracts and transports magnetically-captured antibodies through assay reagents pre-loaded in a companion plastic cartridge, and a miniaturized thermocycler and a fluorescence detector perform immuno-PCR to detect the antibodies. We evaluated our magnetofluidic immuno-PCR with 108 clinical serum/plasma samples and achieved 93.8% (45/48) sensitivity and 98.3% (59/60) specificity, demonstrating its potential as a rapid and sensitive point-of-care serological test for COVID-19.
Declining Mortality Inequality within Cities during the Health Transition

In the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century, large cities had extremely high death rates from infectious disease. Within major cities such as New York City and Philadelphia, there was significant variation at any point in time in the mortality rate across neighborhoods. Between 1900 and 1930 neighborhood mortality convergence took place in New York City and Philadelphia. We document these trends and discuss their consequences for neighborhood quality of life dynamics and the economic incidence of who gains from effective public health interventions.
Streptomycete Plasmid Cloning Vectors

Academic and industrial interests have recently motivated a rapid development of streptomycete recombinant DNA technology (9, 15, 25). This was made possible by the availability of plasmids and the critical discovery by Bibb et al. that plasmid DNA could be introduced to streptomycete protoplasts following polyethylene-glycol treatment (1). Since then, interspecific genomic cloning experiments have allowed the isolation of streptomycete antibiotic resistance genes which are normally associated with the production of antibiotics and the tyrosinase gene which catalyzes melanine synthesis (2, 13, 16, 20, 23). These genes have been used to construct vectors from plasmid and bacteriophage replicons (5). Here we will focus primarily on the development of the vectors most commonly used today which were derived from the streptomycete plasmids SLP1 and pIJ101.
Nuclear transport of RNAs in microinjected Xenopus oocytes.

Publisher Summary Transport of RNA between the nucleus and cytoplasm is an essential step in the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA), the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). Most nuclear RNA transcripts are covalently modified, complexed with proteins into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), and then exported through the nuclear pore complex to the cytoplasm. After export, most RNAs remain in the cytoplasm where they function in protein synthesis. However, many snRNAs are imported back to the nucleus as mature snRNP particles, where they function in pre-(mitochondrial RNA) mRNA splicing. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), which function in ribosome biogenesis, are not exported to the cytoplasm, but their intranuclear targeting to the nucleolus is an area of active research. The nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of RNAs is extensively studied by microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The physical properties of the Xenopus oocyte make it an excellent system for studying RNA transport. Its large size, for example, makes it, especially amenable to the nuclear and cytoplasmic microinjections of RNAs. Another attribute of the Xenopus oocyte is its large stores of maternal RNA-binding and catalytic components that splice, polyadenylate, assemble, and otherwise modify microinjected RNAs.
Renal artery stenosis precipitates hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome and posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy.

Background: Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome (HHS) is an uncommon disorder usually encountered in the adult population with unilateral renal artery stenosis and is under-recognized in the pediatric population. Case Diagnosis/ Treatment: A 19-month-old male presented with new-onset status epilepticus associated with neurological sequelae, and hypertension to a high of 248/150 mmHg. Lab work revealed significant hyponatremia, elevated peripheral renin activity, and increase in aldosterone and ADH levels. A diagnosis of hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome (HHS) was made. Initial analysis revealed a high-grade proximal renal artery stenosis by MRI and angiogram. EEG and an MRI of the brain demonstrated characteristic abnormalities of the left temporal-parietal regions consistent with posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES). The patient responded to right renal artery balloon dilation and stent placement. Since intervention and close blood pressure control with Amlodipine, the patient has been free of seizures and is neurologically intact. Conclusions: We report a case of malignant hypertension in a 19 month old male secondary to renal artery stenosis with associated HHS and PRES. Prognosis of PRES in children with renal disease is excellent. Prompt intervention may offer near complete resolution of physiologic and symptomatic effects of HHS and PRES due to high-grade renal artery stenosis. This report was written with parental consent for de-identified case presentation and radiographs for the educational benefit of other medical professionals.
Bodies and Souls, or Spirited Bodies?: Do Christians need souls? Theological and biblical perspectives on human nature

Prospect and problems One thing we have in common with the first Christians is this: we have available to us a wealth of conflicting ideas about what a human being, most basically, is. It is important to be aware of this fact since whatever we believe on this subject will influence how we think about a great number of other issues, for example: What happens to us after we die? Is an embryo a person? Ordinarily we do not discuss our theories of human nature, so these disagreements are kept largely below the surface of our debates. Here is an example: when Dolly the sheep was cloned I received calls from media people looking for a Christian reaction. One reporter seemed frustrated that I had no strong condemnation of the idea of cloning humans. After his repeated attempts to provoke me to express some sort of horror at the prospect, light dawned for me. I asked him, “Do you read a lot of science fiction?” “Well, some.” “Are you imagining that if we try to clone a human being we'll clone a body but it won't have a soul? It will be like the zombies in science fiction?” “Yes, something like that.” “Well,” I said, “don't worry. None of us has a soul and we all get along perfectly well!” Because we seldom discuss our theories of human nature it is difficult to know what others think. I have had to resort to informal polling whenever I get the chance.
The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: Salvation through war?

Their negotiations with German representatives in Istanbul from August through October 1914 reveal an Ottoman leadership that viewed participation in the war as an acceptable but perhaps avoidable policy, and sought to delay entry for as long as possible. The goal was to preserve the German–Ottoman alliance and the ability to draw on German assistance during the war and, even more importantly, after the war, with no great expenditure of Ottoman resources or blood. At least theoretically, Ottoman decision-makers still enjoyed two alternatives. The first – alignment with the Entente – would have entailed the dismissal of the three German military missions from the empire, headed respectively by General Liman von Sanders, Admiral Souchon, and Admiral Usedom, and consisting of over a thousand German officers and personnel. The loss of this military aid effectively would have meant Ottoman demobilization and future reliance on Britain, France, and/or Russia. The second entailed commitment to and financial reliance on Germany, and consequently the willingness to participate in the war on the side of the Central Powers. This second option held the promise of long-term international security and economic development in the framework of a Great Power alliance. Said Halim Pasha, in particular, viewed the alliance chiefly as a means to long-term Ottoman recovery.
Generalizing number and learning from multiple examples in explanation based learning

Abstract Explanation-based learning (EBL) systems have established their applicability to a wide variety of tasks. However, in despite intensive research, several problems relating to explanation-based learning have remained by and large open. This paper describes an approach to the problems of generalizing number and learning efficiently from multiple examples. The basic insight upon which the technique is based is that EBL can be thought of as learning control knowledge for a theorem-prover. By providing a richer representation for such control knowledge, more general rules can be learned: in particular, by providing looping constructs, rules which generalize number can be expressed; and by providing conditional branches, rules learned from different training examples can be combined. The technique described has been fully implemented, is domain-independent, and has been applied to a number of examples from the domain of VLSI circuit design.
Autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disabilities: A comparison of ADA Title I workplace discrimination allegations

Using the Integrated Mission System (IMS) of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for allegations of discrimination involving Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), allegations made by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and by individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are compared and contrasted. Key dimensions of workplace discrimination examined include: demographic characteristics of the charging parties; the industry designation, location and size of employers against whom allegations were filed; the nature of workplace discrimination alleged to have occurred; and the EEOC outcome/resolution of these allegations. The characteristics of ASD allegations are then compared and contrasted with those of ID allegations. The findings of this study imply that typical ASD and ID allegations are characteristically quite similar to each other. Differences that were found between the two groups of allegations indicate that charging parties with ASD are more likely to be a bit younger than those with ID, and are more likely to be male. Additionally, ASD allegations of discrimination were more likely than ID to have been made against Information, Educational Services, and Arts/Entertainment/Recreation industry employers.
CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAINING OF ADULT EDUCATION PROGRAM LEADERS IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES

As community college leadership changes, there is a need to understand how college leaders accept and embrace programming aimed at adult education leaders. Additionally, there is a need to understand how program managers working with adult and community education interact with their community colleges. Combined with challenging fiscal situations, many community colleges have structured adult learning programs, whether for leisure education or for literacy instruction, to be linked to available funding with decisions to offer or not offer programs based on fiscal criteria. The study profiled community college adult education program managers and then identified what they perceived to be their greatest needed areas of training and how important those areas were. The majority of the managers had worked in community college administration 10-15 years, had been in adult education program administration for that same length of time, held a master’s degree, and, approximately half reported administratively through a division of academic affairs. Their most needed training was in program marketing and in handling administrative issues, and the most important areas identified dealt with administration and assessment. Findings lead to stressing the need for strong leadership that will prioritize programming with the mission of the American community college.
Body objectification and fat talk: Effects on emotion, motivation, and cognitive performance

To evaluate the effects of self-objectification on mood, motivation, and cognitive performance, 80 women either tried on a swimsuit (high objectification) or a sweater (low objectification). In addition, in order to investigate whether “fat talk” exacerbates the negative effects of self-objectification, half of each group overheard a confederate make self-disparaging body comments or neutral comments. Self-objectification, either as an individual difference disposition (trait) or as a situationally induced state, was associated with increased negative feelings, decreased intrinsic motivation, lower self-efficacy, and diminished cognitive functioning. The “fat talk” prime had mixed effects; potential reasons are discussed in detail. Exposure to fat talk was associated with an increase in negative emotion for women in sweaters, but a decrease in negative emotion for women in swimsuits. Fat talk was also associated with improved motivation and cognitive functioning for women low in trait self-objectification but diminished motivation and performance for women high in trait self-objectification.
The Draper Loom in New England Textiles, 1894–1914: A Study of Diffusion of an Innovation

The power loom, which had almost completely replaced the hand loom in America by 1860, remained the center of continuous technical development until about 1880. The main effects of the improvements were to increase the speed at which the looms could be operated and to decrease the amount of attention a weaver had to devote to a single loom. Estimates of plain looms tended by one weaver range from four to twelve; six is the most frequently cited figure, based upon the census report for 1880. The number of looms a weaver could tend was limited because of the frequent need—at least once every eight minutes, or about one hundred times a day—for him to stop the loom to place a new bobbin of yarn in the shuttle. With the number of looms per weaver set at about six and allowing for certain improvements in carding and spinning, weaving costs formed at least half of the total labor cost of manufacturing textile fabric.
Rho-kinase regulates tissue morphogenesis via non-muscle myosin and LIM-kinase during Drosophila development

The Rho-kinases (ROCKs) are major effector targets of the activated Rho GTPase that have been implicated in many of the Rho-mediated effects on cell shape and movement via their ability to affect acto-myosin contractility. The role of ROCKs in cell shape change and motility suggests a potentially important role for Rho-ROCK signaling in tissue morphogenesis during development. Indeed, in Drosophila, a single ROCK ortholog, DRok, has been identified and has been found to be required for establishing planar cell polarity. We have examined a potential role for DRok in additional aspects of tissue morphogenesis using an activated form of the protein in transgenic flies. Our findings demonstrate that DRok activity can influence multiple morphogenetic processes, including eye and wing development. Furthermore, genetic studies reveal that Drok interacts with multiple downstream effectors of the Rho GTPase signaling pathway, including non-muscle myosin heavy chain, adducin, and Diaphanous in those developmental processes. Finally, in overexpression studies, we determined that Drok and Drosophila Lim-kinase interact in the developing nervous system. These findings indicate widespread diverse roles for DRok in tissue morphogenesis during Drosophila development, in which multiple DRok substrates appear to be required.
Factor Structure of Adjective Check List under Different Instructional Sets

Gough's Adjective Check List (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965) has been the subject of several previous factor analytic investigations (Miller, O'Reilly, Roberts, & Folkins, 1978; Parker & Megargee, 1967; Scarr, 1966). The results reported by Miller, et al. ( 1978) and Parker and Megargee ( 1967) were notably congruent in that four similar factors were extracted in both studies, with the first two factors accounting for approximately equivalent percentages of common variance despite different samples and methods of administration. The Millet, et al. (1978) results were particularly encouraging to test users because the factor structure of the instrument was also shown to be relatively stable over a 1-yr. interval. The purpose of this research was also to investigate the stability of the factor structure of the Adjective Check List; in the present case, however, stability across instructional sets rather than time was of paramount interest. A frequently recurring research paradigm involves administering instruments such as the Adjective Check List with instructions designed to elicit "self" and "ideal" ratings or "self" and "typical" ratings. A discrepancy score is then computed and treated either as a dependent variable or as a criterion for the assignment of subjects to groups. Discrepancy scores are meaningful only to the extent that the same constructs are being evaluated under the different instructional sets. The factor structure of an instrument permits an interpretation of the nature of whatever constructs are being measured. Consequently, maximum utility of discrepancy scores and the use of instruments for purposes ocher than that for which they were originally devised can only be achieved when the factor structure obtained under the pacticular instructional sets is similar. The present study focused on the factor structure under the instructional set of "self' ratings as opposed to "ideal" ratings.
The role of environmental matrices and experimental vehicles in chlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran toxicity

Abstract The bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the corresponding dibenzofuran, and their various congeners and isomers from a variety of environmental matrices and experimental vehicles is reviewed. The data indicate that the influence of these factors is complex and that each environmental pollution episode should be evaluated individually for regulatory purposes. An in vitro method for use in such bioavailability assessments is presented.
Terahertz measurements of the Photoactive Protein Bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N: M and P states

We use terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a biomaterials characterization tool. Previously we have shown a strong contrast between the THz dielectric response for wild type (WT) and D96N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin. In those studies we observed a large increase in the THz absorbance of WT with excitation to thermally captured photo-intermediates whereas no such increase in absorbance was observed for the mutant D96N. These results suggest that the THz response is sensitive to structural changes and relative flexibility of biomolecules. However the photo-intermediate populations of the WT and D96N samples were not equivalent in those measurements. While the WT samples had relaxed (bR), M and P state intermediates present, the D96N samples had only bR and M states. Here we present terahertz absorbance measurements of D96N as a function of M and P state populations at room temperature. The THz response is constant for intermediate states populations up to 23% M state and up to 30% P state. These results verify that there is a fundamental difference in the conformational dynamics as measured by THz dielectric response for a single residue mutation.
SCR-Controlled DC-Motor Model for an Electric Vehicle Propulsion System Simulation

A model of a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) dc-series wound motor drive is described and evaluated. The model, developed for use in a digital simulation of an electric vehicle (EV), requires a minimum number of input parameters while taking into account the fluctuating nature of the flow of motor current. The equations derived are solved explicitly for motor current, thus giving an efficient computer implementation. The control input to the model is the duty cycle of the switching waveform to the SCR. The output from the model is average motor torque. The results are valid over the ranges of frequency and duty cycle typically used in EV motor drives. A generalized formulation, which will accept a nonlinear magnetic flux characteristic, is derived and applied in the simulation of an EV driven by a 42-hp dc traction motor. All relevant simulation model parameters were taken from an EV used in a series of field tests. Experimental measurements of motor current demand over a complex driving cycle were compared with a corresponding set of simulation results. Agreement between the two sets of results was found to be good.
A behavioral model of paranoid behaviors

A behavioral model of paranoid behaviors is presented. Paranoid behaviors are first described and relevant DSM-III diagnostic categories are considered. Because of the lack of relevant empirical research on a behavioral model of paranoia, it is derived from clinical inference, behavioral research on other behavior disorders, and nonbehavioral research and models of paranoia. The model emphasizes reciprocal determinism and multiple, interactive, and idiosyncratic causality. Causal factors are classed in a matrix involving early learning-maintaining and specific-nonspecific dimensions. Hypothesized determinants include early reinforcement, the modeling and prompting of paranoid behaviors, insufficient reinforcement of nonparanoid behaviors, situational control, a history of confirmed suspicions, an insular family, aversive parent-child interactions, exposure to inconsistent behavior chains, nonreinforcement of appropriate social behaviors, the impact of paranoid behaviors on others, the disruption of social feedback systems and life stressors. The role of cognitive factors and methods of disconfirming the model are discussed.
The work and workplace of teachers in action research

Abstract Although action research by teachers has received increasing attention and advocacy over the last decade, there has been little attention given to understanding its diverse meanings and practices in various contexts. This paper addressess underlying conceptions of teachers' work and workplaces present in action research efforts both in its early and more recent developments. Persistent issues are identified and aspects of feminist theory are used to address tensions and contradictions in the practices of action research by teachers.