cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Facilitated Communication and Its Legitimacy--Twenty-First Century Developments.

By 2001, Facilitated Communication (FC) had largely been empirically discredited as an effective intervention for previously uncommunicative persons with disabilities, especially those with autism and related disorders. Key empirical findings consistently showed that the facilitator and not the client initiated communication. I analyze the extant efficacy literature since 2001, noting that it reveals similar trends to past findings. However, the FC literature since 2001 also shows increasing acceptance of the technique, ignoring empirical findings to the contrary. Further, more recent pro-FC literature has moved beyond acknowledging that FC is “controversial” to a working assumption that it is an effective and legitimate intervention.
The parathyroids and the intestinal absorption of calcium, strontium and phosphate ions in the rat.

The effect of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the intestinal absorption of calcium, strontium and phosphate ions was investigated in vivo and in vitro in the rat. At either 5 or 24 hours after parathyroidectomy, the plasma calcium was significantly decreased in comparison to the controls (mock operated) which indicated the success of the operation. It was observed that PTX did not alter the degree of absorption of Ca45, Sr85 or P32 by rat duodenum and ileum in vivo. In rats raised on a high calcium diet, there was an apparent slight decrease in deposition of Ca45 and Sr85 in the femur; in rats given a low calcium diet for two weeks, PTX did not influence femur deposition of alkaline earths in respect to the controls. In vitro studies with isolated everted gut segments indicated that the transfer of Ca45 and Sr85 across the duodenum and ileum was not influenced by the parathyroid status of the donor rat.
Computationally Efficient Fastener-Based Models of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls with Wood Sheathing

Abstract The lateral behavior of sheathed, cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls depends considerably on the complex behavior that occurs at each fastener location. Screw fasteners attach the sheathing material to the CFS framing, but relative motion of these components creates local damage, resulting in non-linearity at the scale of the entire shear wall. A computational model of a CFS shear wall is developed in which each fastener is represented by a non-linear, radially-symmetric spring element. The material parameters of the fastener element are determined from physical tests of sheathing-to-stud connections with small numbers of fasteners. The fastener material model includes a softening backbone curve, pinching, and loading and unloading parameters. The remainder of the model employs rigid sheathing panels, beam–column elements for framing, semi-rigid rotational springs for stud-to-track connections, and springs for hold-downs. The models are subjected to lateral cyclic displacement histories using the OpenSees structural analysis software. Thirteen full-scale shear wall tests of two different widths are modeled with various construction details related to the ledger track, gypsum board, vertical and horizontal seams, and number and thickness of field studs. The computational analyses are compared to the full-scale physical tests based on load–displacement behavior, lateral strength, drift at failure, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation, and are compared to specification-based strengths and displacements. The computational models provide detailed information on forces in the framing members and interaction forces at individual fasteners. This fastener-based computational approach is able to efficiently reproduce key aspects of the lateral behavior of CFS shear walls.
Who is afraid of choices? A proposal for multi-criteria analysis as a tool for decision-making support in development planning

The thesis of this paper is that classical economic analysis and traditional optimisation techniques are not sufficient to assist decisionmakers in development planning and policy making, and that new multi-criteria methodologies developed during the last decade would often provide useful additional tools. Rural development (RD) will be the main focus – due to the author's very limited experience in other technical fields. Some promising approaches will be described and proposals will be made for testing their applicability in various RD planning problems.
BER-based adaptive ADC-equalizer based receiver for communication links

This paper presents the architecture of a non-uniform reference level bit error-rate (BER)-optimal analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and equalizer, for high-speed communication links. Finite precision analysis demonstrates that the use of the BER-optimal ADC does not increase the equalizer complexity/power significantly. An adaptive algorithm referred to as the approximate minimum BER algorithm (AMBER) is proposed in order to determine the BER-optimal reference levels. Finite-precision analysis of AMBER indicates that reference levels represented with 9-bit precision is sufficient for a 3-bit BER-optimal ADC to achieve BER equal to that of a 4-bit conventional ADC. An architectural implementation of AMBER is also presented. The reference-level adaptation unit (RL-UD) has a full-adder (FA) complexity that is 76% over the conventional adaptive equalizer. The RL-UD block is clock-gated after convergence and hence does not present a power overhead. Thus, for high-speed links employing the flash ADC architecture, the proposed AMBER receiver represents a power savings of approximately 50% in the ADC.
Species tree inference in the age of genomics

Species trees are an essential tool in conservation and evolutionary biology. In phylogenomics, not only is data choice ( e.g. using unlinked orthologs rather than paralogs) an important systematic consideration, but the choice of phylogenetic algorithm is also important. Since individual gene phylogenies can differ from the true species phylogeny, new methods have been proposed for species tree estimation using multiple unlinked genes. Improvements in genome sequencing technologies have increased the amount of data available to researchers and this has increased the utility of multi-locus species tree inference methods. The Bayesian methods BEST and *BEAST that incorporate a coalescent model to account for gene tree and species tree conflict offer promising advances in species tree inference directly from DNA sequences. Methods that infer species trees from gene trees rather than directly from sequence data such as STAR, STEAC, NJst and the likelihood method STEM have been recently developed as computationally efficient alternatives. Bayesian concordance analysis, which has been shown to perform well when horizontal gene transfer is the cause of gene tree and species tree conflict, is also discussed. Furthermore, methods for species delimitation including a non-parametric species tree inference method that does not require a priori species assignments can remove subjectivity from species delimitation. Here, I review the assumptions, required inputs, and the performance of these methods under simulation and in recent empirical studies. Researchers in many disciplines should understand the methods available for phylogenomic species tree inference in order to enhance evolutionary and conservation studies.
Babble and random-noise masking of speech in high and low context cue conditions.

"Perceptual" masking of speech by multitalker speech (babble) has been widely reported but poorly quantified. Furthermore, the validity of the construct of perceptual masking is questionable. This ...
Isolation and initial characterization of glial fibrillary acidic protein from chicken, turtle, frog and fish central nervous systems

The purification procedure for mammalian glial fibrillary acidic protein allowed the isolation of related proteins from the brain and spinal cord of the chicken, turtle, frog and fish. With the exception of the turtle, the proteins so isolated were homogeneous and migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, displaying the same mobility as bovine glial fibrillary acidic protein, 54 000 mol. wt. In the turtle an additional slower migrating band was constantly present, together with the main species. Mammalian and submammalian proteins were similar in amino acid composition and appeared to be susceptible to the same type of in situ proteolysis, with degradation of the major species into multiple polypeptides ranging down to 40 500 mol. wt. Unless degraded, the proteins isolated from submammalian vertebrates were excluded from sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels if a reducing agent was not added to the electrophoretic sample, thus suggesting the existance of disulfide bridges between polypeptide chains, as demonstrated for the mammalian protein. The purified submammalian antigens cross-reacted with antisera to human glial fibrillary acidic protein with formation of spurs not only at the junction between mammalian and submammalian precipitation lines, but also between submammalian lines. The antisera produced against chicken antigen did not react with the human antigen and the antichicken sera could not be absorbed with human antigen. An immunologically active cyanogen bromide peptide in the myoglobin range (17 200 mol. wt.) characteristic of the mammalian protein, degraded and nondegraded, was not present in the digest of the submammalian proteins.
Peer-to-peer multimedia content provisioning for vehicular ad hoc networks

In the past decade, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET), that specialize Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET), to vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications have received a great deal of attention in the research community. And with a good reason: vehicular communications promise to integrate driving into a ubiquitous and pervasive network that is already redefining the way we live and work. The potential societal impact of VANET was confirmed by the proliferation of consortia and initiatives involving car manufacturers, government agencies and academia including, among others, the Car-2-Car Communication Consortium, the Vehicle Safety Consortium, the Networks-on-Wheels Project, the Vehicle Infrastructure Integration Program, and the Advanced Safety Vehicle Program. While the original impetus for VANET was traffic safety, more recent concerns involve privacy and security. It was recently noticed that allocation of 75MHz spectrum in the 5.9GHz band for Dedicate Short Range Communications (DSRC) in North America opens VANET to multimedia applications including peer-to-peer (P2P) content provisioning and the fast-growing mobile infotainment industry. In spite of their close resemblance to MANET, with which they share the same underlying philosophy, VANET networks have a number of specific characteristics that set them apart from MANET. The presentation will discuss the state of the art in VANETs as well as a zero-infrastructure for multimedia over peer to peer for VANET.
Consistency and confoundings: Reply to Slamecka.

Two issues are discussed. First, the vertical comparison method favored by Slamecka (1985) is subject to scaling problems that yield inconsistent conclusions, both within and across experiments. The existence of such inconsistencies is illustrated with data drawn from the literature, and the reason for such inconsistencies is illustrated with a hypothetical example. The second issue involves confoundings. Slamecka (1985) notes that the horizontal comparison method requires that degree of learning be confounded with list age. Similarly, the vertical comparison method requires that degree of learning be confounded with the performance level over which forgetting is assessed. The confounding noted by Slamecka is identified with a potential failure of Loftus's (1985) assumption that equal levels of performance imply identical states of the cognitive system. In situations where this assumption does fail, forgetting of high-learning and low-learning lists must occur for qualitatively different reasons, and any comparison of forgetting curves is therefore inappropriate unless made within the context of a strong theory.
Helping Students Write Good Essay Examinations

(1977). Helping Students Write Good Essay Examinations. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 305-306.
Maximal Rate of Tachycardia Development: Sinus Tachycardia with Sudden Exercise vs. Spontaneous Ventricular Tachycardia

In addition to providing basic physiologic information, knowledge of the maximal rate of sinus tachycardia development may be helpful in developing algorithms permitting new generations of antitachycardia pacemakers to distinguish accurately between sinus and ventricular tachycardia. To determine the maximal rate of sinus tachycardia development, 50 normal subjects rushed up 100 stairs as rapidly as possible, with continuous electrocardiographic monitoring. During the first second of exercise, the mean cardiac cycle length shortened from 709 to 570 ms, equivalent to an increase in heart rate from 85 to 105 beats per minute, or 20 beats per minute per second. Thereafter, a more gradual decrease in cycle length occurred. Differences between men and women, smokers and non-smokers, and sedentary compared to active subjects were all insignificant. Analysis of 50 spontaneous episodes of ventricular tachycardia also revealed a sequential but more abrupt decrease in the cycle length during the first second from 757 to 360 ms, equivalent to a rate increase from 79 to 167 beats per minute, or 88 beats per minute per second. After approximately 1 1/4 seconds, the ventricular tachycardia cycle length remained virtually constant. Baseline cycle lengths were similar in the sinus and ventricular tachycardia groups, but differed in all subsequent beats, although overlap for individual subjects did occur.
Conflict management metaphors: assessing everyday problem communication

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the extent that metaphors are utilized to describe interpersonal conflicts reported in written journals and to determine the type and tonal qualities of the metaphors employed to describe interpersonal problems. Results indicate that few metaphors appeared outside the conflict journal condition prompting metaphor use and even when prompted, almost one third of the journal entries contained no metaphor. Results indicated that when metaphors were employed, natural world and physical and mental states type metaphors were most frequently used. The evocative meanings of those metaphors used most frequently involved troubled feelings and powerless feelings.
Random evolutionarily stable strategies.

Abstract The game-theoretic notion of competitive equilibrium has frequently been used to evaluate evolutionary trends. These discussions have centered mostly on the static situation, ignoring the constraints of Mendelian genetics. In this paper we illustrate by an example that, when population and genetic dynamics are included in a model, the outcome in a competitive situation can be quite different from that deduced from the corresponding static model. In particular, the nonlinearities due to density and frequency dependence can produce chaotic dynamics whose statistical properties may or may not fluctuate about the static “evolutionary stable strategy.”
Study of the sorption of lead by hydrous ferric oxide.

Abstract Sorption of lead on synthetic hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) as a function of lead concentration and pH has been investigated. As much as 0.28 moles lead per mole iron as HFO was found to be sorbed at pH 6. The sorption involves release of hydrogen ions from HFO and the process is reversible with respect to hydrogen ions. The ratio of the moles of H+ released per mole of lead sorbed was found to decrease from 1.59 at pH 6 to 1.18 at pH 5. The environmental consequences of the reversible lead sorption with pH are discussed. The clay fractions (<μ particle size) of soils and sediments are known to carry appreciable amounts of the hydrous oxides of iron and manganese (1). These hydrous oxides, amorphous in nature, have very high sorption capacity for certain heavy metal ions comparable to that of clays (2) and play a significant role in affecting the heavy metal ion concentrations in their surroundings. The behavior of hydrous oxides towards heavy metal ions and other cations has been the subject of lar...
Interaction of SO2 with iron deposited on CaO(100)

Abstract The interaction of SO2 with iron-covered CaO(100) at 373, 473, and 673 K was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Iron was deposited onto a CaO(100) surface in the metallic form; however, at lower iron coverages, other forms of iron relative to the metallic form were present. Scanning auger mapping analysis showed a random distribution of iron on CaO at both low iron coverage and high iron coverage. The adsorbed sulfur at 373 K on pure CaO and at low iron coverages was identified as sulfite. At high iron coverages, both sulfide and sulfite were identified. The sulfite formation was higher at low iron coverage than on pure CaO, but it decreased with increasing iron coverage. It was found that the iron sites at high iron coverage were blocking the active sites on the CaO surface; the reactivity at high coverage was similar to that of pure metallic iron. Sulfide formation increased with increasing iron coverage. Similar observations were made at 473 K, but the reactivity on iron at high coverage was considerably lower than that at 373 K. The total sulfur adsorbed was observed to be higher for all iron coverages at 373 K than for pure CaO. At 673 K, the reactivity on iron-covered surfaces was lower than that at either 373 or 473 K. However, the reactivity of iron-covered CaO was more than pure CaO at 673 K.
Effects of fibrinogens on phase transitions in lipid model membrane systems

Abstract An abnormal fibrinogen that caused aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) in a patient with gangrene was examined by real-time X-ray diffraction to determine its effects on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 1-palmitoyl-,2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) phase transitions. Similar studies were done with normal fibrinogen and results were compared. Both types of fibrinogen slightly increased the L α → H II phase transition temperature and the H II phase parameters for POPE, while neither fibrinogen significantly affected the order-disordered acyl chain transitions in the lipid bilayer phase. However, fibrinogen differentially influenced the bilayer unit cell parameter of the gel and disordered bilayer and the gel state ripple phase. These results can be interpreted as indicating that fibrinogen has little effect on the balance of gel and disordered acyl chains in the lipid bilayer, but may influence membrane functions dependent on non-bilayer phases.
Self-management of acute asthma among low-income urban adults.

One approach to address asthma disparities has been to create evidence-based guidelines to standardize asthma care and education. However, the adoption of these recommendations has been suboptimal among many providers. As a result, low-income minority patients may not be receiving adequate instruction in asthma self-management. In addition, these patients may fail to follow guideline-based recommendations. We conducted 25 interviews to identify the extent to which urban low-income adults have received training in, and implement, self-management protocols for acute asthma. Twenty-five adults (92% female; 76% African American; mean age 39) were enrolled. Only one subject had received asthma self-management training and only 10 (40%) used short-acting beta-2 agonist-based (SABA) self-management protocols for the early treatment of acute asthma. No subject used a peak flow meter or an asthma action plan. Most (52%) chose to initially treat acute asthma with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) despite...
Binding of Transition Metal Ions by the Calcium Indicator Hydroxy Naphthol Blue

Abstract It has been found that the calcium indicating azo-dye, hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB), binds more strongly to transition metal ions than to the alkaline earth ions it is currently used for. HNB was found to form 1:1 complexes with all of the metal ions studied, and lower limits of detection for these metals based on spectrophotometric analysis were found to be typically two orders of magnitude lower than those previously reported for alkaline earth ions. Analysis of transition metal ions with hydroxy naphthol blue is found to be highly sastifactory, since most metals can be determined down to the ng/ml level.
Worlds by Supervenience: Some Further Problems

Allen Hazen has recently proposed a new approach to possible worlds, designed explicitly to overcome the Cantorian difficulties I've emphasized elsewhere for possible worlds construed as maximal consistent sets of propositions.1 In what follows I want to emphasize some of the distinctive features of Hazenworlds, some of their weaknesses, and some further Cantorian problems for worlds against which they seem powerless.
Choice behavior as a function of stimulus exposure.

Two studies which showed significant extra-maze pre-exposure effects are reported. In Exp. 1 hooded rats were exposed to one stimulus and then given a choice between that stimulus and a non-exposed stimulus. Exposure brightness and exposure time were varied and number of changes between the two stimulus areas and time spent in each area were measured. In Exp. 2 rats were exposed to a stimulus and then given a choice between the same area, an area with a similar stimulus and an area with a dissimilar stimulus. Both exposure brightness and exposure time affected choice latency and time in the dissimilar area.
Evidence, Ethics & Social Policy Dilemmas

Within the philosophy of the social sciences, the relationship between evidence, ethics, and social policy is in need of further analysis. The present paper is an attempt to argue that while important social policies can, and perhaps ought to be, grounded in ethical theory, they are seldom articulated in this fashion due to the ambiguity surrounding the "evidence condition." Using a consequentialist-utilitarian framework, and a case study of a policy dilemma, the authors analyze the difficulties associated with resolving policy-based dilemmas which must appeal to evidential support as a justification for an ethical stand. Implication for the relevance of ethics to social policy formulation are discussed in detail.
A free boundary problem of diffusion equation with integral condition

We consider a free boundary problem of heat equation with integral condition on the unknown free boundary. Results of solution regularity and problem well-posedness are presented. †Dedicated to Professor Wei Lin on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Development of new estrogen receptor-targeting therapeutic agents for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer

Despite our deepening understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and intensive efforts to develop therapeutic solutions to combat resistance, de novo and acquired tamoxifen resistance remains a clinical challenge, and few effective regimens exist to treat tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. The complexity of tamoxifen resistance calls for diverse therapeutic approaches. This review presents several therapeutic strategies and lead compounds targeting the estrogen receptor signaling pathways for treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, with a critical assessment of challenges and potentials regarding clinical outcome. Medicinal chemistry holds the key to effective, personalized combination therapy for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer by making available a diverse arsenal of small-molecule drugs that specifically target signaling pathways modulating hormone resistance. These combination therapy candidates should have the desired specificity, selectivity and low toxicity to resensitize tumor response to tamoxifen and/or inhibit the growth and proliferation of resistant breast cancer cells.
Somatic hybridization in the Gramineae: Triticum monococcum L. (Einkorn)+Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. (Pearl Millet)

Summary Somatic hybrid callus lines were recovered following the fusion of protoplasts from a non-embryogenic suspension culture of Triticum monococcum L. (Einkorn) with iodoacetate inactivated protoplasts of an embryogenic suspension of Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. (Pearl millet) resistant to S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC). More than 100 cell colonies grew on an AEC-supplemented selection medium. Two of these lines were confirmed as somatic hybrids by the electrophoretic pattern of the dimeric enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and restriction length polymorphism using a Zamia pumila (Cycadaceae) ribosomal DNA probe.
Mr. Bayes Goes to Washington

With a sense of fun, Silver explores good and bad forecasting in daily life, leisure activity, and science.
233 INTERACTION OF GLUCOCORTICOID, THYROID HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN STIMULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (PC) SYNTHESIS IN CULTURED FETAL LUNG

233 INTERACTION OF GLUCOCORTICOID, THYROID HORMONE AND PROLACTIN IN STIMULATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (PC) SYNTHESIS IN CULTURED FETAL LUNG
How the nose cools the brain during copulation in the male rat

Copulation in the male rat is accompanied by a progressive increase in both body temperature and hypothalamic temperature and, soon after ejaculation, by a rapid and selective decrease in hypothalamic temperature. We hypothesized that two changes occur in tandem within the vasculature of the nasal mucosa that contribute, respectively, to hypothalamic heating and hypothalamic cooling. The first takes place prior to ejaculation and involves mucosal vasoconstriction and warm venous blood flowing from the nose to the base of the brain. We thought of such warm blood as retarding heat loss from the hypothalamus. The second takes place immediately following ejaculation and involves the same venous blood, but now cool owing to an abrupt dilation of nasal blood vessels. We hypothesized that such cool venous blood is largely responsible for the observed postejaculatory reduction in hypothalamic temperature. To test our hypothesis, we measured temperature at the surface of the nasal mucosa and in the hypothalamus during successive copulatory bouts. In accord with prediction, we found a reduction in mucosal-surface temperature prior to ejaculation (reflecting vasoconstriction and heat retention) and a substantial rise in mucosal-surface temperature following ejaculation (reflecting vasodilation and heat dissipation). Accompanying these changes in nasal vasomotor tone was a progressive preejaculatory rise in hypothalamic temperature and a rapid postejaculatory decrease. We conclude that nasal venous blood modulates the temperature of the ventral brain through conductive heat exchange and that such heat exchange is conspicuous during sexual behavior.
Relationships in negotiations

Soviet General Secretary Miklaail Gorbachev starded President Reagan in September 1986 by im~iting him to meet face-to-face in Iceland. The reported basis of GorbacheVs appeal was his exasperation with the Soviet and American bureaucracies that had been conducting arms control negotiations. Gorbachev urged that the two heads of state personally involve themset,~es in the process to make some progress toward agreement. Reagan, who is described by the press as a "believer in personal diplomacy," was intrigued, and accepted the opportunity. The subsequent results of the Iceland summit aside, this dramatic turn of events in the process of negotiation between the superpowers highlights an aspect of negotiations that has yet to be fully exploredmthe relationship that evolves between negotiators or other key decisionmakers. This paper observes that the theories that guide our thinking about negotiation give too much attention to short-term economic rationality--negotiators' striving to maximize the benefit of a transaction--and not enough to what relationships are and how they affect negotiations. One of the reasons relationships have been neglected is that researchers have deliberately tried to eliminate the effects of relationships. In most laboratory studies of negotiation, the researcher's ideal is to stage a negotiation between strangers, precisely because they begin the negotiation with no pre-existing relationship. Then, the researchers often take steps to prevent relationships between negotiators from evolving, lib accomplish this, they restrict interaction to basic transaction behaviors--usually bids and counterbids. Researchers with elaborate facilities may go so far as to isolate subjects in remote cubicles, restrict communication to written or transmitted messages, or even eliminate the other human subject by means of a preprogrammed response mechanism. The result is ironic: the dynamics of negotiations that Gorbachev identified as crucial if there were to be any hope of real progress in arms control are exactly the dynamics that many researchers have so carefully purged from their laboratory- simulations as irrelevant distractions. Experimental social psychologists might protest that I am not giving them proper credit for the reasons behind their painstaking efforts to expunge relationships from their studies. They would point out that purging relationships from their laboratory simulations is vital ff they are to properly- determine what other factors are involved in negotiations. Their sTstematic approach requires them to investigate a limited number of factors at a time, carefully controlling other variables that could affect the results. In this way, these researchers are able Leonard Greerthalgh is Professor of Managemem at the Amos Tuck School of Business Administra
Nanoparticles for electromagnetic fields enhancement in cross well imaging of subsurface

Summary form only given. During the past two decades there has been increasing interest in the cross well imaging of the subsurface for oil exploration applications. As more and more deviated and horizontal wells are drilled in an attempt to increase the oil production, the azimuthal symmetry no longer holds. Up to present, many numerical methods have been developed for the forward modeling of 3-D cross well logging, including the finite element method (C. Li, B. Xiong, and Y. Lv, Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 36, 585-590, 2012), stabilized biconjugate gradient fast Fourier transform method (BCGS-FFT) (Z. Q. Zhang, and Q. H. Liu, Trans. Geosci. and Remote Sens., 41, 998-1104, 2003) and extended Born approximation (H. Tseng and K. Lee, Twenty-Ninth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, 2004).
Accelerated repopulation during radiotherapy: Quantitative evidence for delayed onset

The time of onset of accelerated tumor-clonogen repopulation produced by radiotherapy is an important, but unresolved question. The suggestion by Withers et al. [Acta Oncol 27:131–146, 1988] and colleagues [Maciejewski and Majewski: Radiother Oncol 21:163–170, 1991] that onset is delayed has been questioned due to the variety of data sources and the methodology used to reach this conclusion. We describe an analysis of a single clinical data set, which allows a more credible estimate of the time of onset of accelerated repopulation. We analyze a recent report of tumor control of T2 and T3 laryngeal cancer as a function of dose and overall time. By virtue of their broad dynamic range, these results allow an estimate to be made of the time of onset of accelerated repopulation based on a single self-consistent data set. The analyses suggest that rapid proliferation in these tumors is delayed by an estimated 32 days (95% confidence limits of 21–36 days). For these laryngeal tumors, and within the framework of the linear-quadratic model, the hypothesis that accelerated repopulation begins at the start of radiotherapy can be rejected in favor of the suggestion that accelerated repopulation begins after 3–5 weeks. This conclusion, if generally true, would have significant ramifications for the design of optimized radiotherapeutic protocols. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electric currents in power transmission line induced by auroral activity

SURGES of electric currents induced by auroral activity were first observed in the middle of the last century in the wires of the electric telegraph1,2. In more recent years, auroral effects on long conductors, such as electric power transmission systems, telephone cables and oil pipelines, have attracted much attention because of various problems caused by these currents3. We report here measurements of the currents in a local power transmission line between Healy and Fairbanks and show that some of the fluctuations are aurorally induced.
Copy number control of Tn5 transposition.

ABSTRACT Transposition of Tn 5 in Escherichia coli strains containing one or multiple copies of the transposable element was investigated. It was found that the overall frequency of transposition within a cell remained constant regardless of the number of copies of Tn 5 present in that cell. Experiments measuring the transposition frequency of differentially marked Tn 5 s confirmed that the frequency of transposition of an individual Tn 5 decreased proportionally with the total number of copies of the element present in a cell. The IS 50R -encoded function, protein 2, which has previously been shown to be an inhibitor of transposition, is sufficient to mediate this inhibitory effect. The concentration of protein 2 in a cell appears to modulate the transposition of individual Tn 5 elements in such a way that the overall transposition of Tn 5 in a cell remains constant.
A new approach to the generalized optical cross-section theorem in electromagnetics

This work is concerned with electromagnetic scattering in general nonhomogeneous, lossy, anisotropic media. A new approach to the generalized optical cross-section theorem (for two incident fields) and of its particular manifestation, the ordinary optical theorem (for a single incident field), is developed that is relevant to electromagnetic direct and inverse problems. The derived results are based on cross-flux concepts and Green's function theory, and apply in arbitrary background media (where the scatterers are embedded), under arbitrary incident fields, and in arbitrary representational domains (plane wave, multipole field, Green's function, and so on).
Microwave modeling of 2-D active grid antenna arrays

A new measurement technique for determining the broadband driving point impedance of large two-dimensional active grid arrays is presented. The active array radiates a plane wave in the broadside direction when all elements are locked in phase. For analysis, the array is reduced to a single unit cell by exploiting the array symmetries. The driving point impedance of the unit cell is determined by using the dielectric waveguide measurement method (DWM). The approximations of the method are discussed, and the method is compared with other measurement techniques. Results are presented for four square arrays: dipole, bow-tie, double-vee and slot array. The measurement method is verified by comparing it to the full-wave theory in the whole range. It is shown that all four antenna arrays can be represented by very simple circuits that use only transmission lines as circuit elements. The bow-tie array is found to represent the best choice for broadband operation. >
The effect of oxygen concentration on the boundary-lubricating characteristics of a C ether and a polyphenyl ether to 300 °C

Ball-on-disk sliding friction experiments were carried out at 17 m/min (100 rev/min) to investigate the effect of oxygen concentration varying from 20% (air) to 0.001% (nitrogen) on the boundary-lubricating characteristics of an unformulated C ether in the temperature range 20-300 C. Results were then compared with those obtained for a five-ring polyphenylether in air and in nitrogen. The C ether yielded lower wear and lower friction coefficients than a five-ring polyphenylether in both air and nitrogen over most of the temperature range. Friction polymer was observed around the wear scars of most test specimens, with much greater quantities of friction polymer produced in a low-oxygen environment. Thus, with respect to friction polymer production, the C ether behaved very much like the polyphenylether.
Building the framework for dealing with ethical issues

Making ethical decisions is difficult. Professional and personal values enter heavily into what one member of the health care team considers the "right" decision, and these values may interfere with the decision-making process of the team. As team members begin to realize how their ethical values affect the decision, they may be better able to resolve the conflict within the team. An understanding of each member's ethics and values also can serve to enhance decision making. Nurses are just beginning to view themselves as part of the ethical decision-making team. In order to take an ethical stance, nurses need to have a better understanding of ethical principles to use in the decision-making process. Nurse needs to develop a sound philosophical base in ethics through study and continuing education to be an active part of the health care team making ethical decisions. Nurses have an obligation to move away from the emotional response to ethical dilemmas toward using a more sound basis for these decisions.
Caring for sexual assault patients in the military: Past, present, and future

Recently instituted sexual assault prevention and response policies and programs within the Department of Defense (DoD) have paved the way for significant improvements in the medical care of sexual assault patients in the military services. Military personnel who suffer assault are now able to choose a method of reporting that either immediately triggers an investigation or allows the incident to remain confidential. This process allows for the development of an enhanced trust in the system and allows military personnel to receive medical and forensic care on the level of their choice. Military medical professionals are continually striving to provide the highest standard of care for military personnel, DoD employees, and beneficiaries. The new policies and programs are continually taking shape; however, there are barriers to education and understanding of the sexual assault prevention and response processes that require increased coordination between military and civilian personnel and their medical services in order to provide optimum care for all patients involved.
An Economic Evaluation of the School-Based “Power Breathing” Asthma Program

This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of the "Power Breathing" program for asthma among middle and high school students. Few systematic evaluations of school based interventions--let alone cost-effectiveness programs--have been identified in the literature. Power Breathing was developed by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America and is currently available for implementation by school districts. For the overall evaluation, 8 junior high schools and 2 high schools were selected and matched based on grade range, enrollment, income and race/ethnicity. Schools were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Surveys were administered at baseline, immediately post-intervention and 3 months' post-intervention. Children in the intervention arm had a significant decrease in the number of days they experienced an asthma attack or had trouble breathing during a 2-week period of 0.18 days per 2 weeks. In contrast, subjects in the control group had an increase in the in the number of days experiencing an asthma attack or having trouble breathing during a 2-week period of 0.102, from 0.696 to 0.793. The program cost approximately $3.9 per asthma attack-free day gained, on par with pharmaceutical interventions, suggesting that Power Breathing may be a cost effective asthma intervention. The results of this study suggest that school-based interventions aimed at asthma, properly implemented and administrated, are an appropriate use of societal resources.
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Function and Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

Patients with schizophrenia have pronounced deficits in memory for events—episodic memory. These deficits severely affect patients' quality of life and functional outcome, and current medications have only a modest effect, making episodic memory an important domain for translational development of clinical trial paradigms. The current article provides a brief review of the significant progress that cognitive neuroscience has made in understanding basic mechanisms of episodic memory formation and retrieval that were presented and discussed at the first CNTRICS (Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting in Washington, D.C. During that meeting a collaborative decision was made that measures of item-specific and relational memory were the most promising constructs for immediate translational development. A brief summary of research on episodic memory in schizophrenia is presented to provide a context for investigating item-specific and relational memory processes. Candidate brain regions are also discussed.
Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: potential for lung cancer treatment

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is commonly activated in non-small-cell lung cancer. It plays important roles in promoting oncogenesis in lung cancer and mediating resistance to EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Targeted agents against the components of this pathway are currently in development and their clinical benefits remain to be defined. This review provides an overview of the pathway dysregulation and novel agents targeting the pathway in lung cancer. In addition, potential predictive biomarkers guiding patient selection for targeted PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition is also discussed.
Status of the UCLA PEGASUS laboratory

The PEGASUS laboratory is a versatile radiation facility dedicated to the advancement of novel concepts in beam physics. The installation of a new LaB/sub 6/ cathode will allow for both thermionic emission and photoinjection operation. The PEGASUS plane wave transformer injector has been conditioned to 20 MW of RF power. Recent operations show a 15 MeV dark current beam that will be used for beam radiation studies. An upgrade to the drive laser system has been explored and will be realized shortly. This paper will describe and report the status of the various sub-systems of the PEGASUS laboratory and outline the experiments underway, such as innovative beam instrumentation, surface effects in optical transition radiation, Thomson scattering, and waveguide SASE FEL.
Control of Paralysed Axial Muscles by Electrical Stimulation

The function of a paralysed axial (laryngeal, facial, extraocular) muscle could conceivably be restored if it were made to contract again like its contralateral partner. A muscle stimulation device was designed and constructed so that the stimulus delivered to a given paralysed muscle was modulated by a signal reflecting the contractile state of its contralateral partner. Studies in dog laryngeal muscles indicate that paralysed muscles stimulated by such an open-loop device could mimic their partners. However, their tracking accuracies were limited by the nature of their stimulus-response characteristics. On the other hand, significantly greater tracking accuracies were observed if a closed-loop device was employed, that is, if feedback information from the stimulated muscles was also used to control the device stimulus level. Considerations in implanting such a (closed-loop or open-loop) device in paralysed axial muscles for chronic stimulation are discussed.
Hearing in Drosophila Requires TilB, a Conserved Protein Associated With Ciliary Motility

Cilia were present in the earliest eukaryotic ancestor and underlie many biological processes ranging from cell motility and propulsion of extracellular fluids to sensory physiology. We investigated the contribution of the touch insensitive larva B (tilB) gene to cilia function in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutants of tilB exhibit dysfunction in sperm flagella and ciliated dendrites of chordotonal organs that mediate hearing and larval touch sensitivity. Mutant sperm axonemes as well as sensory neuron dendrites of Johnston's organ, the fly's auditory organ, lack dynein arms. Through deficiency mapping and sequencing candidate genes, we identified tilB mutations in the annotated gene CG14620. A genomic CG14620 transgene rescued deafness and male sterility of tilB mutants. TilB is a 395-amino-acid protein with a conserved N-terminal leucine-rich repeat region at residues 16-164 and a coiled-coil domain at residues 171-191. A tilB-Gal4 transgene driving fluorescently tagged TilB proteins elicits cytoplasmic expression in embryonic chordotonal organs, in Johnston's organ, and in sperm flagella. TilB does not appear to affect tubulin polyglutamylation or polyglycylation. The phenotypes and expression of tilB indicate function in cilia construction or maintenance, but not in intraflagellar transport. This is also consistent with phylogenetic association of tilB homologs with presence of genes encoding axonemal dynein arm components. Further elucidation of tilB functional mechanisms will provide greater understanding of cilia function and will facilitate understanding ciliary diseases.
A state space self-tuning controller with integral action

The paper is concerned with the problem of designing a state space self-tuning controller with integral action for a class of unknown linear stochastic systems. The observer form of the innovations model of the system is used along with a single-stage quadratic-in-state-and-control performance index which includes a cross-weighting between system states and inputs. This results in a proportional estimated state plus integral output (P + I) controller in an incremental form. While it is analogous to the LQG-theory-based optimal adaptive controller in structure, computational simplification is achieved by the choice of a single-stage performance index and a direct estimation of the state estimator gain matrix. The new controller has the advantages of being applicable to both single-input/single output (SISO) and multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) minimum phase and non-minimum phase systems. The results are illustrated numerically through two simulation examples.
Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of urinary incontinence up to 2 years postpartum.

Commentary on Chuang CM, Lin IF, Horng HC, et al. The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on postpartum urinary incontinence: a longitudinal cohort study on singleton pregnancies. BJOG 2012;119:1334–43.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBJOG%2B%253A%2B%2Ban%2Binternational%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bobstetrics%2Band%2Bgynaecology%26rft.stitle%253DBJOG%26rft.aulast%253DChuang%26rft.auinit1%253DC.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D119%26rft.issue%253D11%26rft.spage%253D1334%26rft.epage%253D1343%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bimpact%2Bof%2Bgestational%2Bdiabetes%2Bmellitus%2Bon%2Bpostpartum%2Burinary%2Bincontinence%253A%2Ba%2Blongitudinal%2Bcohort%2Bstudy%2Bon%2Bsingleton%2Bpregnancies.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fj.1471-0528.2012.03468.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22901044%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/j.1471-0528.2012.03468.x&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22901044&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F17%2F1%2F10.atom