cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell birthdays and rate of differentiation of ganglion and horizontal cells of the developing cat's retina.

Tritiated thymidine autoradiography experiments demonstrated that three cell classes are produced by ventricular cells during the first phase of neurogenesis: retinal ganglion cells, A-type horizontal cells, and cone photoreceptors. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the migration and morphological differentiation of these three cell classes. The patterns of postmitotic migration are of interest because these three classes of cells are found in three different layers of the adult retina. Cones retain their position at the outer limiting membrane (OLM) throughout life and do not migrate. Ganglion cells migrate immediately to the proximal (vitread) layer of the retina and begin to differentiate. In contrast, A-type horizontal cells migrated away from the OLM within 10–14 days after their final mitosis but were morphologically relatively undifferentiated at that time. Subsequent differentiation of the A-type horizontal cell is also protracted; dendrites are not observed until approximately 3 weeks after the final mitosis. These observations suggest that there are several interacting mechanisms involved in neurogenesis: a sequence that produces a specific cohort of committed cells at a specific time, the subsequent migration of postmitotic neuroblasts to an appropriate position in the retina, and a spatial gradient of differentiation increasing from distal to proximal layers. While this distribution of differentiated cells early in fetal development is striking, the existence of underlying time-dependent processes that might cause this apparent spatial phenomenon cannot be eliminated.
Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy surviving cardiac arrest

Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic studies were performed in 30 survivors of sudden cardiac arrest with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) to determine responsible factors. Electrophysiologic abnormalities alone were present in 27 patients (90%): sinus node dysfunction in 14 (47%), delayed atrio-ventricular nodal conduction in 1 (3%), abnormal His-Purkinje conduction in 7 (23%), an inducible atrial tachycardia in 7 (23%), and inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia in 21 (70%). Sustained ventricular arrhythmia was polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 18 patients (86%), monomorphic VT in 2 patients (7%) and ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient (3%). In 1 patient the arrhythmia recorded during an episode of cardiac arrest and induced at electrophysiologic study was polymorphic VT. VT was induced with less than or equal to 2 extra-stimuli in only 1 patient (3%) but with less than or equal to 3 extra-stimuli in 20 patients (97%). Potential causes of sudden cardiac arrest were found in all patients and were multiple in 13 patients (43%). These were (1) ventricular electrical instability in 21 patients (70%), (2) severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 8 patients (27%), (3) bradycardia in 5 patients (17%), (4) myocardial ischemia associated with hypotension in 5 patients (17%), and (5) atrial tachycardia resulting in hypotension in 4 patients (13%). Of the 21 patients with inducible sustained ventricular arrhythmia, 17 received an implantable defibrillator device and 4 were treated with antiarrhythmic drugs. Seven patients underwent left ventricular septal myectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of deconjugated and conjugated bile salts on the intestinal uptake of radio-vitamin B 12 in vitro and in vivo.

SummaryDeconjugated cholic acid decreased the intestinal uptake of radio–B12 by the guinea pig intestinal mucosal homogenate by 50 to 55%. It also decreased the absorption of radio–B12 in 2 normal adult volunteers as measured by the double label hepatic uptake test. Cholic acid was felt to produce this decrease by a direct toxic effect on the ileal mucosa. Deoxycholic acid was found to produce a slight but not statistically significant decrease in the uptake of radio–B12 by the guinea pig intestinal mucosal homogenate. Glycocholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid had no statistically significant effect on radio–B12 uptake by the guinea pig intestinal mucosal homogenate.
Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte, monocyte and dendritic cell subsets in normal rhesus macaques by 12-color flow cytometry: Clarification on DC heterogeneity

Monitoring changes in rhesus macaque immune cell populations during infectious disease is crucial. The aim of this work was to simultaneously analyze the phenotype of rhesus macaque lymphocyte, monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) subsets using a single 12-color flow cytometry panel. Blood from healthy non-infected rhesus macaques was labeled with a cocktail of 12 antibodies. Data were compared to three smaller lineage specific panels and absolute and relative percentages of cells were compared. Our 12-color panel allows for the identification of the following major subsets: CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, monocyte subsets and four non-overlapping Lin-HLA-DR+ cell subsets: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD11c- CD123+ plasmacytoid DC, CD11c+ CD16+ and CD11c(-)(/dim) CD1c+ myeloid DC. The development of a multiparameter flow cytometry panel will allow for simultaneous enumeration of mature lymphocyte, NK cells, monocyte and DC subsets. Studying these major players of the immune system in one panel may give us a broader view of the immune response during SIV infection and the ability to better define the role of each of these individual cell types in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
Ammonia addition into the medullary collecting duct of the rat.

Ammonia addition into the medullary collecting duct of the rat. The purpose of these studies was to determine if ammonia is added directly to the medullary collecting duct of the rat, and if so, to estimate its quantitative contribution to ammonium excretion. Samples of fluid were obtained along the length of the medullary collecting duct by retrograde microcatheterization. To document net addition of ammonium, we measured the ammonium concentration in tubular fluid by an enzymatic isotope technique, and we calculated the degree of fluid reabsorption from the ratio of the inulin concentration in tubular fluid and plasma. The ammonium concentration corrected for water reabsorption ([NH 4 + ]/[TF/P] In ) rose progressively from the beginning to the end of the medullary collecting duct, indicating net ammonia addition to this nephron segment. By calculation, it appears that about 40% of the excreted ammonium reached the urine by direct addition of ammonia to the duct fluid. Addition d'ammoniaque dans le canal collecteur medullaire du rat. Le but de ce travail a ete de detecter une addition directe d'ammoniaque dans le canal medullaire collecteur du rat et, dans ce cas, d'estimer sa contribution quantitative a l'excretion d'ammoniaque. Des echantillons de liquide ont ete preleves le long du canal collecteur medullaire par micro-catheterisation. Afin d'evaluer une addition nette d'ammonium, la concentration d'ammoniaque dans le liquide tubulaire a ete mesuree par une technique radio-enzymatique et la reabsorption de fluide a ete evaluee au moyen du rapport de concentration de l'inuline (tubule/plasma). La concentration d'ammonium corrigee pour la reabsorption d'eau ([NH 4 + ]/[TF/P]In) augmente progressivement du debut a la fin du canal collecteur medullaire ce qui indique une addition nette d'ammonium dans ce segment du nephron. Le calcul montre qu'environ 40% de l'ammonium excrete provient d'addition directe au canal collecteur.
Wake Displacement Modifications to Reduce Rotorcraft Blade-Vortex Intreaction Noise

Increasing the vertical separation between the rotor and its wake can reduce the strength of blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise. A simple, first-order analytical model is developed to estimate the vertical distance between the rotor and the wake at any location of interest in the rotor disk. This model is used as an indicator to evaluate the potential effects of added forces, descent angle, advance ratio, and thrust coefficient on the separation between the wake and the rotor with the aim of identifying strategies that maximize this distance at a particular rotor disk location. The analysis focuses on landing approaches for helicopters and tiltrotors operating near helicopter configuration. The most appropriate strategies to increase this separation at the location of interest are found to depend on whether the wake is initially above or below the rotor
Impairment of vascular endothelial function by high-potassium storage solutions

Abstract High-potassium cold storage solutions are currently used to preserve myocardial function during heart transplantation. However, the effects of high potassium concentration on vascular endothelial function are not well known. We therefore tested vascular rings for endothelial-dependent and endolhelial-independent relaxation during storage in nortnokalemic, normothermic buffers and then in buffers supplemented with 10 to 110 mmol/L KCl. Maximal endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly reduced at all high potassium concentrations. Endolhelial-independent relaxation was impaired only with 80 and 110 mmol/L KCl buffers. Both endothelialdependent relaxation and endothelial-independent relaxation returned to normal values after washout of excess potassium. Similarly, endothelial-dependent relaxation and endothelial-independent relaxation were assessed in rings after 24 hours of hypothermic storage in normokalemic Krebs buffer, and in buffers containing 20 and 110 mmol/L KCl. Maximal endothelial-dependent relaxation was significantly reduced after preservation in the high-potassium solutions, whereas endothelialindependent relaxation was not impaired. We conclude that there is significant impairment of endothelial function after cold storage in a high-potassium buffer. Inadequate washout of potassium during normothermic conditions may lead to further functional impairment of vascular responsiveness. A low-potassium storage medium is recommended for improved vascular protection.
Behavioural studies on the lesser sandeel Ammodytes marinus (Raitt) III. The effect of temperature on activity and the environmental control of the annual cycle of activity

The behaviour of the lesser sandeel, Ammodytes marinus (Raitt), has been investigated at 5, 10 and 15° C, using a photographic method of recording activity. The activity patterns at 10 and 15° C were very similar, there being a high level of swimming activity during the light period, which fell to a low level at 5° C. It was also lower at 10° C at the end of the experiment than at the beginning and it is suggested that this might have been due to an increase in the fat contents of the fish. The feeding rate of the fish was measured and showed a Q10 of 2.08 for the temperature range 5–15° C. The annual cycle of activity of A. marinus is discussed in relation to seasonal changes in food availability, light and temperature, and in the fat content of the fish. It is concluded that after spawning in the December–January period the fish remain buried in the sand until April, because of the limiting effect on swimming and feeding activity of the environmental factors in the intervening period. The proportion of fish available for capture at the start of the fishery in April is related mainly to temperature, but food (as measured by numbers of copepods) light intensity and photoperiod are by then increasing rapidly. After July the fishery ceases and it is thought that this is because the fish have entered an overwintering stage, during which they remain buried in the sand. This phase is also thought to be associated with the maturation of the gonads in readiness for the winter spawning. The factors causing the fish to enter this stage are as yet undetermined but may be related to the attainment of a certain level of fat content.
Potential feeding deterrents found in hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae.

The nonnative hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Adelgidae) has been a significant mortality agent of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis Carriere) throughout a large portion of its geographic range. During a study investigating adelgid vigor in relation to host health, it was noted that adelgid extracts ranged from a yellow to a deep red color. Analysis by GC–MS identified the presence of the anthraquinone, chrysophanol and its anthrone precursor, chrysarobin in the extract. These compounds are predator deterrents in several other insects, including chrysomelid beetles. It is hypothesized that these compounds serve a similar purpose in the hemlock woolly adelgid.
Review article: immediate-release proton-pump inhibitor therapy – potential advantages

The absorption of most oral proton-pump inhibitors is delayed by the enteric coating required to protect the acid-labile proton-pump inhibitor from degradation in the stomach and, as a result, antisecretory effect is also delayed. This article provides an overview of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new immediate-release omeprazole [(IR-OME) Zegerid power for oral suspension; Santarus Inc., San Diego, CA, USA] and its potential advantages over delayed-release proton-pump inhibitors. Immediate-release omeprazole has a higher mean peak plasma omeprazole concentration (C(max)) and a significantly shorter mean time to reach C(max) (t(max)) than delayed-release omeprazole. Immediate-release omeprazole 40 mg has a prolonged antisecretory effect with median intragastric pH above 4.0 for 18.6 h/day at steady-state, after 7 days of once daily dosing. The sodium bicarbonate in immediate-release omeprazole protects the uncoated omeprazole from degradation by gastric acid. The accelerated antisecretory action of immediate-release omeprazole compared with delayed-release omeprazole may be due to the activation of proton pumps by the rapid neutralization of intragastric acid by the sodium bicarbonate. The faster onset of action seen with immediate-release omeprazole is not achieved by using an antacid with a delayed-release proton-pump inhibitor, because administering antacids with conventional delayed-release proton-pump inhibitors does not significantly enhance absorption of the proton-pump inhibitor. In conclusion, immediate-release omeprazole is associated with rapid absorption of omeprazole and rapid onset of antisecretory effect, without compromising the duration of acid suppression.
Application Review of Mindjet Mindmanager Pro 7

Mindjet's MindManager is an intuitive project management software with advanced information capture, organization, and sharing capabilities. New users can be up and running in minutes, creatings hi...
Sodium flux and bioenergetics in the ischemic rat liver.

Concurrent 23Na and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been employed to study the effects of ischemia upon the high-energy phosphagens and sodium ion concentration within the in vivo rat liver. High-energy phosphates in the form of ATP were depleted within 10 min of the onset of ischemia when measured by NMR. However, similar liver samples subjected to analytical biochemistry retained 27 +/- 12% of their ATP after a similar 10-min ischemic insult. Time-dependent 23Na NMR measurements, obtained in the presence of the shift reagent Dy(TTHA) to distinguish intracellular from extracellular sodium, revealed a rapid rise in the intracellular sodium when the liver was made ischemic. Intracellular and extracellular sodium concentrations approached equilibrium with an exponential time constant of 14.7 +/- 7 min. The initial rate of sodium influx was calculated to be 1.50 meq.l-1.min-1. The results indicate that the ischemic liver has a high passive sodium permeability and that NMR detectable 31P signals reflect the actual availability of cytosolic high-energy phosphates to enzymes, in this instance the membrane-bound [Na+, K+]-ATPase.
Kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and triethylamine in aqueous solutions

Abstract The kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and triethylamine (TREA) in aqueous solutions was determined from gas adsorption experiments in a wetted sphere absorber. There is disagreement in the literature on the presence of a base catalysis effect, commonly observed for the reaction of tertiary amines, for this highly basic tertiary amine. The solubility and diffusivity of carbon dioxide in aqueous TREA solutions which are needed to interpret the kinetics experiments were determined using the nitrous oxide analogy method. The data obtained in this work support a base catalysis mechanism characterized by second order overall kinetics, first order with respect to both CO 2 and free amine concentrations. The rate constant for this reaction, obtained over a temperature range of 293–313 K, is correlated by k 2 = 2.661 × 10 11 exp(−6573/ T ).
Switching Statin Therapy Using a Pharmacist-Managed Therapeutic Conversion Program versus Usual Care Conversion Among Indigent Patients

Study Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of switching statin therapy using a therapeutic conversion program versus usual care conversion among patients enrolled in the Colorado Indigent Care Program when atorvastatin was removed from the formulary. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Family medicine center and other ambulatory care clinics of a university-based health care system. Patients. One hundred seventeen ambulatory care patients with dyslipidemia who were treated with atorvastatin. Intervention. Clinical pharmacists in the family medicine center implemented a therapeutic conversion program (30 patients), switching atorvastatin to a new formulary regimen of simvastatin, rosuvastatin, or ezetimibe-simvastatin, using an algorithm designed to achieve patient-specific goals for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). Usual care occurred in the other ambulatory care clinics without clinical pharmacists (87 patients), where medical providers switched atorvastatin to a formulary regimen based on a suggested (but optional) equipotency conversion algorithm. Measurements and Main Results. Primary end points were LDL concentration and LDL goal attainment before and after conversion. Before and after conversion, respectively, mean LDL concentrations were 86.7 and 82.3 mg/dl in the therapeutic conversion group (p=0.44) versus 78.3 and 85.2 mg/dl in the usual care group (p=0.01). Percentages of patients attaining LDL goal were 80% before and 97% after conversion in the therapeutic conversion group (p=0.04) compared with 90% before and 75% after conversion in the usual care group (p=0.01). Conclusion. Use of a prospective, therapeutic statin conversion program was associated with increased control of dyslipidemia, whereas usual care statin conversion was associated with decreased control. These data suggest that proactive involvement of clinical pharmacists in converting lipid-lowering drugs results in superior patient care outcomes compared with a less aggressive approach.
Channelized Optical Waveguides On Silicon

Silicon provides a natural substrate base for the development of channel waveguides and their integration with optoelectronic components. Using epitaxial growth, selective doping, and plasma etching, channel waveguides can be fabricated using single crystal silicon alone. Oxide layers of low optical index are readily formed by thermal means on silicon to provide a base upon which low-loss film waveguides can be formed by ion exchange and implantation, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition. Thermally oxidized and nitrided layers provide a simple means for developing waveguides. The channel shape for ridge waveguides can be delineated by chemical etching and ion milling techniques. The anisotropic etch characteristics of silicon provide a natural channel for imbedding waveguides using organic and inorganic materials. This paper will review common semiconductor processing techniques used for the formation of channel waveguides on silicon and the performance results obtained to date. The use of channel waveguides for specific device developments will be described and the most promising areas for future development will be addressed.
Emotional and cognitive health correlates of leisure activities in older Latino and Caucasian women.

This study examined differences in the frequency of leisure activity participation and relationships to depressive symptom burden and cognition in Latino and Caucasian women. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a demographically matched subsample of Latino and Caucasian (n = 113 each) postmenopausal women (age ≥60 years), interviewed in 2004–2006 for a multiethnic cohort study of successful aging in San Diego County. Frequencies of engagement in 16 leisure activities and associations between objective cognitive performance and depressive symptom burden by ethnicity were identified using bivariate and linear regression, adjusted for physical functioning and demographic covariates. Compared to Caucasian women, Latinas were significantly more likely to be caregivers and used computers less often. Engaging in organized social activity was associated with fewer depressive symptoms in both groups. Listening to the radio was positively correlated with lower depressive symptom burden for Latinas and better co...
Has progress in mathematics slowed down

PAUL HALMOS has three degrees from the University of Illinois; soon after getting the last one he became, for a couple of years, assistant to John von Neumann. Since then he has taught at many universities (including Chicago, Michigan, and Indiana) and has visited many others (including Miami, Montevideo, Hawaii, Edinburgh, and Western Australia); he has been on the faculty of Santa Clara University since 1985. His mathematical interests include ergodic theory, algebraic logic, and operators on Hilbert space.
Review Essay : Social Theory and Modern Logic: Reflections on Elster's Logic and Society

This essay selectively reviews some major issues implicit in Elster's Logic and Society In particular, Elster's reliance on the utilitarian model of the actor as the basis for general social theory, his assumption that modal concepts can be reduced to extensional ones, and his adoption of the natural science model raise fundamental problems for his general approach Con sequently, despite the fact that many of Elster's discussions of particular examples are instructive and provocative, the work overall is disappointing.
Ethical Considerations in Treating the Horse with Laminitis

Clinicians treating a horse with laminitis face a difficult set of ethical considerations in trying to decide where to draw the line. Not only do they have to grapple with their own professional, ethical and personal judgments, but they have to balance these with the wishes and interests of the animal’s owner, their employer. This balancing of moral considerations is extremely complex. By looking at the perspectives of both the clinician and bioethicist, the issues are clarified by discussing the competing ethical considerations felt by the practicing equine veterinarian.
Friends and friendship in heroic epics: with a focus on Beowulf, Chanson de Roland, the Nibelungenlied, and Njal’s Saga

While the theme of friendship in the Middle Ages has traditionally been associated with the world of courtly literature and the Renaissance of the Twelfth Century, deeply influenced by Cicero, there are also other strands of friendship that determine, contrary to our expectations, the world of heroic epics. As much as the heroic individuals often seem to be wood-cut like figures with no or little feelings, a closer analysis of Beowulf, Le Chanson de Roland, the Nibelungenlied, and Njal’s Saga demonstrates that some of the true tragic elements contained in them are the conflicts among friends or the inability of friendship to avoid the massive killing. This friendship often comes to the surface only in the ultimate situation of death and dying, but the poets of those heroic epics were apparently deeply inspired to elaborate on the profound value of friendship in a bellicose and catastrophic world where human existence was at great risk. One of the greatest strengths of these heroes proves to be their deeply moving effort to reach out to their friends even in the most deadly situations.
Effects of dietary heated fats on rat liver enzyme activity

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary heated fats from a commercial deep-fat frying operation on rat liver enzyme activity. The fats, partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSBO) used for four days and for 7 days (7-DH) for frying foodstuffs in a commercial restaurant, were fed to rats in either free access to food or by pair-feeding graded doses. All diets were isocaloric and contained 15 g/100 g of diet. Experiments were conducted with control rats fed nonheated (NH) PHSBO diet. Animals fed 7-DH diet in each set of experiments had larger amounts of cytochromes P450 and b5 and greater activity of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase when compared to controls. The activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I and isocitrate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in rats fed test diets in comparison to controls. A significantly depressed activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was also noticed for these animals when compared to those fed NH. In addition, liver and microsomal protein concentrations were significantly greater in rats fed the used oils in comparison to controls, and liver glycogen was significantly lower.
Visual dysfunction without retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection may have noninfectious and infectious retinopathies, as well as clinical symptoms consistent with optic nerve dysfunction. Noninfectious acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related retinopathy is seen in most patients with AIDS. Morphologic studies have shown that the number of retrobulbar optic nerve fibers in patients with AIDS is decreased compared to the number of optic nerve fibers in normal control eyes. To determine whether these patients had a visual dysfunction consistent with damage to the macula and optic nerve, 78 subjects (156 eyes) were studied using color-vision and contrast-sensitivity testing. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue color-vision test was performed on all subjects and age-corrected color-vision scores for all groups were compared. A significant decrease in color discrimination was found in the patients with AIDS (P
Comparison of calculated hydrocarbon strain energies using ab initio and composite methods

Abstract The strain energies for a small set of hydrocarbons ranging in size of three to six carbon atoms has been calculated using homodesmotic reactions and ab initio methods. The values calculated using the correlated methods B3LYP, MP2, QCISD(T), G1, G2, CBS-4, and CBS-Q were compared. Values determined at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G(2df,p) level were used as the reference set, and values from the other methods compared using the mean absolute deviation (MAD) as a measure of the performance for each one. Of the non-composite methods, the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level gave the best overall agreement with a MAD of only 0.36 kcal/mol. The B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) level has the largest deviation with a MAD of 12.1 kcal/mol. The strain energy of two larger strained hydrocarbons, quadricyclane and cubane, were calculated at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level and compared with the available experimental data.
Bella and the Beast (and a Few Dragons, Too): Alasdair Gray and the Social Resistance of the Grotesque

Abstract Bakhtin's theories concerning the socially subversive power of carnival, and more specifically the grotesque body, have long been the domain of medieval and early modern scholars. As he explains, up through the sixteenth century figures of the grotesque body dominated literature; but, as the sixteenth century drew to a close, “the verbal norms of official and literary language” became more estranged from the body, relegating conversation pertaining to the body and bodily functions–the realm of the grotesque–to common or vulgar speech (320). As “the borderline between the different norms grew more evident,” he notes, the “canon of polite speech that was to prevail in the seventeenth century was definitely formed” (320). It is this movement from the grotesque to the “classical” or closed body1 that has characterized much of Western literature from the seventeenth through the twentieth century.
Reticular formation influences on primary and non-primary auditory pathways as reflected by the middle latency response

Ongoing studies are aimed at identifying the neural pathways responsible for the middle latency response (MLR). These studies involve the analysis of surface and intracranial potentials following pharmacologic inactivation (with lidocaine) of discrete regions of the guinea pig brain. Previous investigations have shown that MLR surface waves recorded over the temporal lobe originate from pathways anatomically and functionally distinct from those that generate MLR waves recorded over the midline, and that both primary and non-primary auditory thalamo-cortical pathways contribute to the guinea pig MLR. The present investigation examines the role of the mesencephalic reticular formation (mRF) in the MLR generating system. Inactivation of the mRF was associated with disruption of the midline response. These waves have been shown to reflect activity from non-primary subdivisions of the thalamo-cortical pathway. Components recorded over the temporal lobe were also affected, consisting of amplitude reduction and latency prolongation without changes in response morphology. Changes in temporal MLR components with mRF inactivation were smaller than those associated with direct inactivation of primary and non-primary subdivisions of the medial geniculate body. These findings indicate that mRF input is essential for normal generation of those components of the MLR thought to reflect both primary and non-primary auditory pathway activity.
One-pot shotgun quantitative mass spectrometry characterization of histones.

Despite increasing applications of mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone proteins, most existing protocols are not properly suited to robustly measure them in a high-throughput quantitative manner. In this work, we expand on current protocols and describe improved methods for quantitative Bottom Up characterization of histones and their PTMs with comparable sensitivity but much higher throughput than standard MS approaches. This is accomplished by first bypassing off-line fractionation of histone proteins and working directly with total histones from a typical nuclei acid extraction. Next, using a chemical derivatization procedure that is combined with stable-isotope labeling in a two-step process, we can quantitatively compare samples using nanoLC−MS/MS. We show that our method can successfully detect 17 combined H2A/H2B variants and over 25 combined histone H3 and H4 PTMs in a single MS experiment. We test our method by quantifying differentially expre...
A. Masterman king: Rhetorical raconteur

A. Masterman King is a rare enigma: a teacher who entertains and educates, a colleague who stimulates with a unique gift for pointed verbal cartooning. Undergraduates flocked to lectures on the models of wisdom and eloquence and met a teacher who is himself a model. Graduates have a friend who gives unstintingly to develop each student's individual skills. Andrew King is a teacher‐scholar whose work embodies Quintilian's precept: “study is cheered by nothing more than hope.”
The ethics of simulated nursing clinical experiences

Abstract Simulation has the capacity to alleviate many of the problems facing associate degree nursing education today. As the use of simulation increases, nurse educators must examine the ethical aspects of simulated clinical experience. The purpose of this article was to explore the ethical issues surrounding simulation in associate degree nursing education. Current literature supports simulation as an adjunct to traditional teaching methods. Ethical theories and principles are explored as they apply to simulation.
An integrated genomic analysis of gene-function correlation on schizophrenia susceptibility genes.

Schizophrenia is a highly complex inheritable disease characterized by numerous genetic susceptibility elements, each contributing a modest increase in risk for the disease. Although numerous linkage or association studies have identified a large set of schizophrenia-associated loci, many are controversial. In addition, only a small portion of these loci overlaps with the large cumulative pool of genes that have shown changes of expression in schizophrenia. Here, we applied a genomic gene-function approach to identify susceptibility loci that show direct effect on gene expression, leading to functional abnormalities in schizophrenia. We carried out an integrated analysis by cross-examination of the literature-based susceptibility loci with the schizophrenia-associated expression gene list obtained from our previous microarray study (Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 54: 665–75) using bioinformatic tools, followed by confirmation of gene expression changes using qPCR. We found nine genes (CHGB, SLC18A2, SLC25A27, ESD, C4A/C4B, TCP1, CHL1 and CTNNA2) demonstrate gene-function correlation involving: synapse and neurotransmission; energy metabolism and defense mechanisms; and molecular chaperone and cytoskeleton. Our findings further support the roles of these genes in genetic influence and functional consequences on the development of schizophrenia. It is interesting to note that four of the nine genes are located on chromosome 6, suggesting a special chromosomal vulnerability in schizophrenia.
Rejoinder to Aaron Cooley's Review of Teaching Against Global Capitalism and the New Imperialism: A Critical Pedagogy

Because of Professor Cooley's prosecutorial review, I want to make clear at the outset that my rejoinder is not a codefendant's answer to a plaintiff's replication. Instead, I first attempt to provide an “immanent” analysis of Cooley's indictment, in the sense of dealing with what dwells within his reasoning. A specific philosophical definition of “immanent” reads: taking place within the mind of the subject, but having no effect outside (this does not apply to me as an outsider). I intend to battle with Cooley up close—no “dancing”—my defense against his offense. In the second part, the focus will be on what I think is missing from Cooley's attempt to discredit McLaren and Farahmandpur's book. His decision or failure to deal with what Marx and the most effective Marxists have written, and how some of this provided analyses that could be and/or was acted upon, may be more serious than his beating up on the book's authors.
Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a.

Glycogen storage disease type 1a (GSD-1a), characterized by growth retardation, hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, kidney enlargement, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and renal dysfunction, is caused by deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis. Over the last 20 years, dietary therapies have greatly improved the prognosis of GSD-1a patients. However, the underlying pathological process remains uncorrected and the efficacy of dietary treatment is frequently limited by poor compliance. Therefore, long-term complications still develop in adult patients. To develop future therapeutic approaches for GSD-1a, we have generated G6Pase-deficient (G6Pase-/-) mice that mimic the pathophysiology of human GSD-1a patients. To evaluate the feasibility of gene replacement therapy for this disorder, we have infused recombinant adenovirus containing murine G6Pase gene (Ad-mG6Pase) into G6Pase-/- mice. While only 15% of G6Pase-/- mice under glucose therapy survived weaning, a 100% survival rate was achieved when G6Pase-/- mice were infused with Ad-mG6Pase and 90% of which lived to 3 months of age. Hepatic G6Pase activity in Ad-mG6Pase-infused mice was restored to 19% of that in G6Pase+/+ mice at 7 through 14 post-infusion days. Ad-mG6Pase infusion also greatly improved growth of G6Pase-/- mice and normalized plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and uric acid profiles. Further, liver and kidney enlargement were less pronounced with near normal levels of glycogen depositions in both organs. Conclusion: our data demonstrate that a single administration of a recombinant adenovirus vector can alleviate the clinical manifestations of glycogen storage disease type 1a in mice, suggesting that this disorder in humans can potentially be corrected by gene therapy.
Instantaneous monitoring of sleep fragmentation by point process heart rate variability and respiratory dynamics

We present a novel, automatic point-process approach that is able to provide continuous, instantaneous estimates of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in long duration data recordings such as those during an entire night of sleep. We analyze subjects with and without sleep apnea who underwent diagnostic polysomnography. The proposed algorithm is able to quantify multi-scale high time resolution autonomic signatures of sleep fragmentation, such as arousals and stage transitions, throughout an entire night. Results demonstrate the ability of our methods to track fast dynamic transitions from sleep to wake and between REM sleep and other sleep stages, providing resolution details not available in sleep scoring summaries. An automatic threshold-based procedure is further able to detect brief arousals, with the instantaneous indices characterizing specific arousal dynamic signatures.
3,3′-Diindolylmethane Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Promoting Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Activated T Cells through MicroRNA Signaling Pathways

3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a naturally derived indole found in cruciferous vegetables that has great potential as a novel and effective therapeutic agent. In the current study, we investigated the effects of DIM post-treatment on the regulation of activated T cells during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis. We demonstrated that the administration of DIM 10 days after EAE induction was effective at ameliorating disease parameters, including inflammation and central nervous system cellular infiltration. MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis revealed an altered miRNA profile in brain infiltrating CD4+ T cells following DIM post-treatment of EAE mice. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis suggested the involvement of DIM-induced miRNAs in pathways and processes that halt cell cycle progression and promote apoptosis. Additional studies confirmed that DIM impacted these cellular processes in activated T cells. Further evidence indicated that DIM treatment significantly upregulated several miRNAs (miR-200c, miR-146a, miR-16, miR-93, and miR-22) in brain CD4+ T cells during EAE while suppressing their associated target genes. Similarly, we found that overexpression of miR-16 in primary CD4+ T cells led to significant downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of cyclin E1 and B-cell lymphoma-2, which play important roles in regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that DIM post-treatment leads to the amelioration of EAE development by suppressing T-cell responses through the induction of select miRNAs that control cell cycle progression and mediate apoptosis.
ABSORPTION OF ASPHALT INTO POROUS AGGREGATES: TEST OF A SIMPLE PHYSICOCHEMICAL MODEL

ABSTRACT Absorption is the process in which asphalt flows into a porous aggregate, under the driving force of capillary pressure. Asphalt absorption is of interest because it represents an economic loss of effective binder, and because it may change the properties of the resulting asphalt film and lead to premature pavement distress. Incorrect air voids estimation may also result from failure to properly account for asphalt absorption in pavement design. The objective of this research was to determine the temporal dependence of absorption upon asphalt and aggregate properties and to test a rational model for this dependence. Absorption data were obtained for several model liquids and asphalts with synthetic alumina aggregates and a natural limestone aggregate. The data were used to test a simple absorption model incorporating the effects of asphalt and aggregate properties into a single dimensionless time variable. While quantitative agreement was not obtained in all aspects of the model, certain predicti...
Design and implementation of a heterogeneous distributed database management system

The architectural design is presented of DATAPLEX, a heterogeneous distributed database management system, and a prototype DATAPLEX. The objective of DATAPLEX is to integrate existing diverse databases as well as emerging new databases within an organization for organization-wide date sharing and data consistency. The architecture of DATAPLEX is based on the relational data model as a common data model and the structured query language (SQL) as a standard query language. A method to decompose distributed queries in this architecture is developed. The prototype system interfaces an IMS hierarchical database management system (DBMS) on IBM/MVS and an INGRES relational DBMS on DEC/VMS. >
Answering questions for an organization online

The World Wide Web continues to challenge organizations to make online access to their expertise convenient for their clients. One means of expertise access that many clients find convenient in everyday life is asking natural language questions of the organization. To support it online, we developed an approach to building organization-embedded question-answering intermediaries, called Information Exchange systems. These systems use their knowledge of the organization's structure to answer the clients' questions and to acquire new expertise from the organization's experts. Our approach uses techniques of hierarchical and predictive indexing, combined term weighting, abstraction-based retrieval, and negative evidence acquisition. We illustrate our approach with the Chicago Information Exchange system, an Information Exchange application embedded in one university's computer science department.
Cosmogenically enabled sediment budgeting

We used 10 Be and 26 Al to constrain the millennial-scale sedi- ment and nuclide budget for a common, long-studied, but poorly understood landform in arid regions, the desert piedmont. We sampled the Chemehuevi Mountain piedmont, a complex multi- surfaced landform in the Mojave Desert, western United States. The nuclide data indicate that sediment is produced more rapidly (1.1 3 10 5 kg·yr 21 ·km 22 ) in steep mountain source basins than on the low-gradient pediment (4.0 3 10 4 kg·yr 21 ·km 22 ) or the intra- piedmont mountain range (2.5 3 10 4 kg·yr 21 ·km 22 ). However, the bulk of the sediment in transport is derived from erosion of the large abandoned alluvial surface (3.9 3 10 4 kg·yr 21 ·km 22 ). The combination of mass and nuclide budgeting suggests that sediment transport speeds decrease downslope from tens of meters per year in confined channels on the proximal pediment to decimeters per year in unconfined distributaries on distal wash surfaces. The sed- iment and nuclide budgeting approach we use is particularly valu- able in arid regions where geomorphically significant events are infrequent and dating control is poor, thus confounding traditional sediment-budgeting techniques.
AERODYNAMIC CLASSIFICATION OF FIBERS WITH AEROSOL CENTRIFUGES

ABSTRACT Many ambient and workplace aerosols of health effects concerns are composed of particulate matter having fibrous or aggregate shapes. Aerosols used in medical research for treatment of lung diseases also have rod-like forms. The deposition sites of inhaled particles in the human respiratory system are primarily related to their aerodynamic characteristics. Therefore, to assess potential exposure hazards and prophylactic applications it is necessary to have accurate kinetic classifications of airborne particulate matter. Centrifugal spectrometers give direct and continuously graded measures of the aerodynamic size distributions of sampled aerosols. A mathematical description of particle behavior in spiral channel centrifuges has been presented, and substantiated by comparisons with laboratory calibration data using polystyrene latex spheres. Here, the theory is extended to non-spherical forms by incorporating appropriate dynamic particle shape resistance factors in trajectory equations. This permi...
Lilliputian hallucinations and medical illness

Lilliputian hallucinations have been described in patients with delirium, schizophrenia, seizure disorders, visual disturbances, and brain tumors. The authors report two cases of patients with lilliputian hallucinations, one with AIDS-dementia complex and the other with dementia following head trauma. This is the first time that lilliputian hallucinations have been described in association with such medical conditions.
The determinants of service quality: issues for purchasing

Abstract The overall purpose of this research was to analyze internal communication patterns, service quality initiatives, supplier management strategies and internal performance in organizations providing high levels of service quality to their external customers. Data was collected from 118 purchasing executives of manufacturing and service organizations. Respondents were asked to assess external and internal service quality as well as identify a number of internal service quality-oriented activities employed in their firms. Data was summarized for respondents stating a high level of external service quality. Comparative information was also supplied for the respondents stating lower levels of external service quality.
Nonlinear state and tire force estimation for advanced vehicle control

Vehicle motion and tire force histories are estimated from an incomplete, noise-corrupted measurement set using an extended Kalman filter. A nine degree-of-freedom vehicle model and an analytic tire force model are used to simulate true vehicle motion, and a five degree-of-freedom vehicle model is used in the estimator. The filtered histories of forces and motion can be used to construct tire force models through off-line analysis, and both tire force estimates and state estimates are available for real time control. No prior knowledge of tire force characteristics or external factors that affect vehicle motion is required for the nonlinear estimation procedure. Simulation of a simple slip control braking system using slip and slip angle estimates for feedback demonstrates the effectiveness of the extended Kalman filter in providing adequate state estimates for advanced control of ground vehicles. >