cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is it possible to recover from traumatic brain injury and a Glasgow coma scale score of 3 at emergency department presentation

Abstract Introduction A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3 on presentation in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) portends a poor prognosis. Consequently, there is often a tendency to treat these patients less aggressively because of low expectations for a good outcome. Methods and results We performed a retrospective review of patients with TBI and a GCS score of 3. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS): Group 1 (GOS = 1–3) and Group 2 (GOS = 4–5). A total of 62 patients were included. The overall mortality rate was 80.6%. At 6-month, 9 patients (14.5%) achieved a GOS 4–5. Compared to Group 2 (n = 9), Group 1 (n = 53) had higher average APACHE IV score (104 ± 19 vs 89 ± 27, p = 0.04), more patients with bilateral fixed pupils (59% vs 22%, p = 0.04), and higher ICP burden (50 ± 34 vs 0 ± 0, p = 0.0001). Using the CRASH calculator, the estimated mortality at 14 days was 66% compared to actual mortality of 81%; difference of 15%, (p = 0.05), and the estimated GOS 1–3 was 85.5% compared to actual of 85.5%, (p = 1.0). Conclusions 14.5% of patients with TBI and a GCS of 3 at presentation achieved a good outcome at 6 months, and 6.9% of patients with GCS of 3 and bilateral fixed pupils on presentation to the ED achieved a good outcome at 6 months.
65-Zn and 69m-Zn studies in the dog, monkey, and man. Prostatic scintiscanning.

Abstract 65 Zn chloride and 69m Zn chloride and citrate have been studied in a total of 34 dogs, 2 rhesus monkeys, and 10 men. Timed concentrations were measured in the blood of all and in the bile, urine, and fresh tissues of 32 dogs and 2 monkeys. In addition, the influence of castration, timing, testosterone proprionate treatment, pilocarpine administration, and other combinations of these factors were studied. We have shown that significant prostatic concentrations of radioactive zinc were obtainable in the dog, in the monkey, and in man. In vitro scans of the dog prostate were obtained using 65 Zn chloride. Both in vivo and in vitro, clinical human prostatic scans were performed using 69m Zn chloride.
Surface heat assessment for developed environments: Optimizing urban temperature monitoring

Abstract The urban heat island effect, exacerbated by rising average surface temperatures due to climate change, can lead to adverse impacts on city populations. Fine resolution modeling of the spatial and temporal distribution of extreme heat risk within a city can improve the strategies used to mitigate this risk, such as the issuance of targeted heat advisories to city residents. In this paper, we combine a recently developed method for probabilistic modeling of urban temperatures with previously developed vulnerability assessments, and then implement sensor placement optimization techniques to guide temperature monitoring in urban areas. A variety of metrics are used to optimize the placement of temperature measures to best support decision-making for monitoring and responding to extreme heat risk. This optimal sensor placement methodology is demonstrated for the city of Pittsburgh, PA, resulting in several proposed temperature monitoring schemes based on the various sensor performance metrics investigated. We quantitatively and qualitatively compare these schemes to identify the relative merits of each proposed metric.
Isolation of Peyer's patch T cell subsets involved in isotype specific immunoregulation.

Antigenic stimulation of the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) in the mouse results in an immune response at mucosal sites distant from the gut which is dominated by antibody of the IgA isotype. The morphology of murine Peyer’s patch and the composition of the resident lymphoid and accessory cells is now well established. T and B lymphocytes are found in distinct zones beneath a specialized epithelial tissue. The B cell areas contain numerous IgA precursor B cells and within the T cell zone all T cell subsets are present (Lyt 1+/L3T4+, Lyt 2+ and T contra-suppressor cells). Contrary to earlier reports, Peyer’s patch cells prepared by enzymatic digestion also contain accessory cells, e.g., both macrophages and dendritic cells.
Phonatory and Resonatory Problems of Organic Origin

This chapter was first prepared by one of the present authors (Mysak) and published in 1966. Since that time the area of organic phonatory and resonatory problems has, like most areas of speech pathology, undergone an “information explosion.” Significant advances in knowledge have occurred in the areas of anatomy and physiology of respiration and phonation, in instrumentation to study and analyze normal and abnormal respiratory and phonatory phenomena, as well as in medicosurgical and voice therapy intervention procedures. It is no longer possible for the voice researcher, physician, or clinician to keep abreast easily with all the developments in the basic and applied areas of human voicing. With this in mind, this chapter was designed to build upon the first by incorporating the most pertinent findings in the area of human voicing and its care over the last fifteen years.
Probing fibroblast activation in response to extracellular cues with whole protein- or peptide-functionalized step-growth hydrogels

Synthetic hydrogels with well-defined mechanical properties have become invaluable tools for probing cell response to extracellular cues including matrix stiffness and integrin binding. These synthetic matrices are often decorated with either proteins or integrin-binding peptides to promote cell adhesion and to direct or probe cell behavior. For example, both collagen I-functionalized polyacrylamide and peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels have been instrumental in elucidating the role of the elasticity or 'stiffness' of the matrix in promoting fibroblast activation in wound healing and fibrosis. However, the two methods of promoting integrin binding are not often directly compared in the same system, partly owing to differences in material designs, despite the potential differences in the way cells interact with whole proteins and protein mimetic peptides. We hypothesized that such a comparison could provide insight into the ways integrin binding affects fibroblast activation within commonly utilized in vitro cell culture models, and more broadly, to inform the design of materials to modulate fibroblast activation in studies of wound healing and disease. To enable this comparison, we developed a method to conjugate whole proteins to step-growth poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels and investigated fibroblast response to protein-peptide pairs: fibronectin and PHSRN(G)10RGDS or collagen I and (POG)3POGFOGER(POG)4, which are important in matrix remodeling and relevant to fibroblast activation. With this approach, we observed that human pulmonary fibroblasts adopted a similar morphology on fibronectin and PHSRN(G)10RGDS, although with a slight increase in the percentage of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expressing cells on PHSRN(G)10RGDS. Interestingly, we observed that fibroblasts formed activated clusters on the collagen mimic (POG)3POGFOGER(POG)4 while exhibiting less activation on collagen I. This cell activation and clustering is reminiscent of fibroblast foci that are observed in lung fibrosis, suggesting the relevance of these well-defined polymer-peptide hydrogels for investigating fibrosis and decoupling biochemical and biophysical cues.
IDDF2018-ABS-0152 The preoperative cea can be an independent predictive factor for colorectal cancer patients after curative resection in long-term outcome

Background The preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level as a prognostic factor of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been in debate. Methods A consecutive case series were collected from our database of CRC from 1995 to 2010. Clinicopathological factors were matched by propensity score methods with calliper width of 0.05 and a 1:4 ratio. Long-term overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analysed and compared between 3 different serum CEA levels. Results A total number of 9634 patients were included initially. After exclusion and matching, a number of 6099 cases were matched by propensity score matching methods with median follow-up period 86 months. The survival analysis showed poor OS in elevated serum CEA groups than normal CEA level (5 year survival rate: 75% vs. 66% vs. 61%) and was also presented in both subgroups divided by lymph node (LN) stage (LN positive: 69% vs. 56% vs. 50%, LN negative: 83% vs. 77% vs. 72%) but not between elevated groups. In contrast, DSS showed significantly poor outcome between each group and was proportional to serum CEA elevation (5 year survival rate: 83% vs. 76% vs. 69%, p In multivariate Cox regression model after adjusted with TNM stage, smoking, DM, renal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis and other factors, elevated CEA showed higher risk in DSS (5 to 10 ng/ml HR=1.540,>10 ng/ml HR=1.910, both p Conclusions Elevated preoperative serum CEA can be an independent prognostic factor for stage I to III CRC patients after curative resection with poor long-term overall and oncological outcome.
Household Goods and Social Status of a Single Woman in Early St. Petersburg

By examining the household inventories of a young, single woman of German descent living in St. Petersburg, the article suggests the social freedoms and their limits that were attached to prosperity for single women in the 1720s.
Billions for Biodefense: Federal Agency Biodefense Funding, FY2001–FY2005

Over the past several years, the United States government has spent substantial resources on preparing the nation against a bioterrorist attack. This article analyzes the civilian biodefense funding by the federal government from fiscal years 2001 through 2005, specifically analyzing the budgets and allocations for biodefense at the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Defense, the Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of State. In total, approximately $14.5 billion has been funded for civilian biodefense through FY2004, with an additional $7.6 billion in the President's budget request for FY2005.
Effective Teaching Design Scheme for Network Troubleshooting.

With the increasing demand for application-oriented talents in society, the specialized training of network engineering talents has become a growing concern in application-oriented colleges. This paper analyzes the principle of effective teaching, based on the network engineering skill course, deeply studies the network troubleshooting method and network fault classification technology. Through the integration of network troubleshooting courses and effective teaching, practical and effective teaching cases are formed. In the actual teaching, the program is actively applied to the practical teaching to improve the teaching effect, and it also provides a reference for the curriculum construction of other specialties.
Evaluation of porous cathodes for the electrochemical reduction of nitrates and nitrites in alkaline waste streams

This paper describes the mathematical modelling and experimental work performed to evaluate porous cathodes for the electrochemical reduction of nitrates and nitrites in alkaline waste streams. A dynamic model of a batch process was developed that included a divided cell with a porous cathode, a cation-selective separator, a planar anode, and reservoirs for electrolyte recirculation and gas–liquid separation. Constant current experiments were done using a divided cell with nickel foam as the porous cathode. The experiments were performed with a catholyte feed of either 0.6 M NaNO2 or 1.95 M NaNO3, both supported by a 1.33 M NaOH solution, a current density of 0.25 A cm−2 and a solution temperature of 32 ∘C. The experimental results showed that the ammonia production reaction is the dominant cathodic reaction (∼80% of the current). Estimates of the kinetic parameters were obtained using the experimental data and the model. The model was then used to simulate and study the performance of the porous electrode compared to the planar electrode for a range of operating currents. The results showed that at the optimum current density for a planar electrode of 0.25 A cm−2, use of a porous cathode results in one-third the energy costs and time required to achieve 95% destruction of nitrate and nitrite compared to a planar cathode. At 0.40 A cm−2, the energy and time required to achieve 95% destruction was an order-of-magnitude less for the porous electrode.
Investigating traffic fatality trends and restraint use among rear-seat passengers in the United States, 2000-2016

Abstract Introduction: Motor-vehicle crash is one of the leading causes of unintentional injury death in the United States. Previous studies focused on fatalities among drivers and front-seat passengers, with a limited number of studies examining rear-seat passenger fatalities. The objectives of this study were to assess trends in rear-seat passenger motor-vehicle fatalities in the United States from 2000 to 2016 and to identify demographic factors associated with being unrestrained among fatally injured rear-seat passengers. Methods: Rear-seat passenger fatality data were obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) database. The fatality rate ratios for overall rear-seat passengers and for different age and sex groups were determined by comparing fatality rates in 2000 and 2016 using random effects models. Risk ratios of being unrestrained for age and sex groups were obtained using general estimating equations. Results: Compared to 2000, the overall rear-seat passenger fatality rate in 2016 decreased by 44% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39–49%). In particular, the fatality rate among rear-seat passengers decreased more in males than females, and passengers aged 14–19 years experienced a larger decline than all other age groups. Fatally injured male rear-seat passengers had a higher risk of being unrestrained (adjusted risk ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07) than their female counterparts, and both youngest (≤13 years) and oldest (65–85 years) passengers were less likely to be unrestrained than those aged 20–64 years. Conclusions: Overall, fatality rates among rear-seat passengers have declined, with differential degrees of improvement by age and sex. Practical Applications: Continued restraint use enforcement campaigns targeted at teenagers and males would further preserve them from fatal injuries and improve traffic safety for the overall population.
Ketamine restores escape behavior by re-engaging dopamine systems to drive cortical spinogenesis

Abstract Escaping aversive stimuli is essential for complex organisms, but prolonged exposure to stress leads to maladaptive learning. Stress alters plasticity, neuromodulatory signaling, and neuronal activity in distributed networks, yet the field lacks a unifying framework for its varied consequences. Here we describe neuromodulatory and plasticity changes following aversive learning by using a learned helplessness paradigm, where ketamine restores escape behavior. Dopaminergic neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area systematically varies across learning, correlating with future sensitivity to ketamine treatment. Ketamine’s effects are blocked by chemogenetic inhibition of dopamine signaling and mimicked by optogenetic activation. We use 2-photon glutamate uncaging/imaging to interrogate structural plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex, revealing that dendritic spinogenesis on pyramidal neurons is both regulated by aversive experience and recovered by ketamine in a dopamine-dependent manner. Together, these data describe recurrent circuits that causally link neuromodulatory dynamics, aversive learning, and plasticity enhancements driven by a therapeutically promising antidepressant.
Chapter 11 – INTEGRATION METHODS

Publisher Summary The finite element analysis techniques are always based on an integral formulation. At the very minimum, it will always be necessary to integrate at least an element square matrix. This means that every coefficient function in the matrix must be integrated. This chapter discusses various methods for evaluating the typical integrals that arise. Most simple finite element matrices for two-dimensional problems are based on the use of linear triangular or quadrilateral elements. A quadrilateral can be divided into two or more triangles, however, the chapter discusses only exact integrals over arbitrary triangles. The integration methods discussed in the chapter are unit coordinate integration; simplex coordinate integration; and numerical integration. In many cases, it is impossible or impractical to integrate the expression in closed form and numerical integration must, therefore, be utilized. If one is using sophisticated elements, it is almost always necessary to use numerical integration. Similarly, if the application is complicated, for example, the solution of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, then even simple one-dimensional elements can require numerical integration. Many analysts have found that the use of numerical integration simplifies the programming of the element matrices.
PRISM: A Platform for Imaging in Precision Medicine.

PURPOSEPrecision medicine requires an understanding of individual variability, which can only be acquired from large data collections such as those supported by the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). W...
Detection of Buried Geological Ore-Bodies by Reconstructed Wavefronts

A new seismic method based on concepts of reconstructed wavefronts is described. It employs a mono-frequency source of seismic energy and records the interference pattern between the scattered waves from the geological feature of interest buried at a certain depth and the direct waves travelling along the surface. The interfering direct waves that do not contribute to the characteristic signatures of the geological ore-body are removed by spatial filtering before reconstruction.
Evaluation of different analysis approaches for Hamburg Wheel-Tracking testing (HWTT) data

Abstract The Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Test (HWTT) has remained a very robust method for characterizing asphalt mixtures due to its ability to simulate field loading conditions. Despite the popularity of the HWTT, there is no standardized step-by-step procedure for analyzing HWTT data according to AASTHO T 324. This has resulted in the proliferation of plausible approaches for analyzing HWTT data. This study identifies and investigates the merits and limitations of available HWTT analysis approaches. An online survey conducted shows that the Iowa DOT approach is the most popular methodology adopted for HWTT analysis. Moreover, other approaches like the Novel Three-Parameter approach, Combined Franken-Power approach, Third-Order Curvature approach, and some other algorithm-based approaches are shown to be useful in accurately analyzing HWTT data. Based on the evaluated analysis methods, recommendations are made to eliminate subjectivity, reduce variability in HWTT results, and obtain result parameters that can effectively discriminate between asphalt mixtures.
An approach to contouring the dorsal vagal complex for radiotherapy planning.

Abstract Multiple studies suggest that radiation dose to the area of the brainstem called the “dorsal vagal complex (DVC)” influences the frequency of nausea and vomiting during radiotherapy. The purpose of this didactic article is to describe the step-by-step process that we use to contour the general area of the DVC on axial computed tomography (CT) images as would be done for radiotherapy planning. The contouring procedure that we describe for contouring the area of the DVC is useful to medical dosimetrists and radiation oncologists.
On the ductility potential and assessment of structural quality in Mg alloy castings

Abstract Tensile data from literature are reanalyzed to determine ductility potential in magnesium alloys, which has yielded a linear relationship between maximum elongation and yield strength. Ductility potential line is significantly higher than those in the literature. Moreover, grain size, chemical composition, temper do not affect the yield strength-maximum elongation relationship.
Press Censorship in Turkey: Networks of State Power, Commercial Pressures, and Self-Censorship

This article explores the suppression of press freedoms in Turkey under the AKP (Justice and Development Party) government in the late 2000s. Drawing upon analyses of laws and legislation, surveys, reports, and interviews with journalists, it demonstrates how press censorship in Turkey has been activated through a dispersed network of state power, commercial forces, and self-censorship. The article brings together critical analyses of state power, surveillance, corporate media, and self-censorship, and sheds light on the AKP's financial sanctions on media conglomerates, its instrumentalization of a major political investigation known as the Ergenekon, and its crackdown on Kurdish journalists on charges of terrorism.
Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992-2010

This paper focuses on the trends in debt levels among those ages 55 and older, as financial liabilities are a vital but often ignored component of retirement income security. The Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) is used in this paper to determine the level of debt. Debt is examined in two ways: (1) debt payments relative to income, and (2) debt relative to assets. Each measure provides insight regarding the financial abilities of these families to cover their debt before or during retirement. For example, higher debt-to-income ratios may be acceptable for younger families with long working careers ahead of them, because their incomes are likely to rise, and their debt (often related to housing or children) is likely to fall in the future. On the other hand, high debt-to-income ratios may represent more serious concerns for older families, which could be forced to reduce their accumulated assets to service the debt when their active earning years are winding down. However, if these high-debt-to-income older families have low-debt-to-asset ratios, the effect of paying off the debt may not be as financially difficult as it might be for those with high-debt-to-income and high-debt-to-asset ratios. The percentage of American families with heads age 55 or older that have debt held steady at around 63 percent from 2007-2010. Furthermore, the percentage of these families with debt payments greater than 40 percent of income -- a traditional threshold measure of debt load trouble -- decreased in 2010 to 8.5 percent from 9.9 percent in 2007. However, total debt payments as a percentage of income increased from 10.8 percent in 2007 to 11.4 percent in 2010, and average debt increased from $73,727 in 2007 to $75,082 in 2010, while debt as a percentage of assets increased from 7.4 percent in 2007 to 8.5 percent in 2010. Housing debt was the major component of debt for families with a head age 55 or older. The debt levels among those with housing debt have obvious and serious implications for the future retirement security of these Americans, perhaps most significantly that these families are potentially at risk of losing what is typically their most important asset -- their home.The PDF for the above title, published in the February 2013 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another February 2013 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “Employer and Worker Contributions to Health Reimbursement Arrangements and Health Savings Accounts, 2006-2012.”
Site-specific homologous recombination mutagenesis in group B streptococci

We describe the use of suicide vectors to generate site-specific mutations in group B streptococcus. This is accomplished by cloning gene-specific sequences into a temperature sensitive plasmid and selecting for clones which have undergone homologous recombination. The recombinan clones can be easily isolated by selecting for clones which have retained the antibiotic resistance markers that are present on the vector or cloned into the gene-specific sequences. To confirm the fidelity of the recombination events, PCR analysis is performed on chromosomal DNA isolated from the recombinant clones. Using this strategy, we have generated site-specific insertions in several capsule genes and have found that these insertions occurred as expected and that the mutations result in loss of capsule expression. In this report, we specifically detail the construction of cpsB mutants by single and double cross-over recombination and demonstrate that the resulting strains are acapsular.
Modeling of a series hybrid electric high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle

In an effort to reduce fuel costs and gas emissions, the US Army is looking into replacing their diesel high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) with hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The aim of this paper is to present the design of a series hybrid electric vehicle similar to the hybrid electric HMMWV (HE-HMMWV) and to build a multi-domain simulation model of the design using Ansoft Simplorer/spl trade/. Emphasis is placed on the vehicle's transient response to desired speeds dictated by drive cycles based on UDDS and SAE J227a Schedule D. Emphasis is also placed on vehicle's response to hill climbing up to 60% grade.
Optimal control with actuator/sensor noise strengths related to feedback and Kalman gain

The linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method gives optimal results only when the noise covariance matrices of the actuators and sensors do not depend on feedback and Kalman gain matrices. However, in practical systems the strengths of the actuator and sensor noise generally depend on their capacities and the magnitudes of their signals, while the signal magnitudes and the required capacities depend on the feedback and Kalman gain matrices. Therefore, the covariance matrices of the actuator and sensor noises will actually depend on the feedback and Kalman gain matrices. This fact will make the LQG non-optimal or make the LQG system unstable. The authors investigate the problems of optimal control under the assumption that the noise covariance matrices of the actuators and sensors are functions of the capacities and the signal magnitude of the actuators and sensors, and thus are functions of the feedback and Kalman gain matrices. Under that assumption, the noise covariance matrices of the actuators and sensors are known before the feedback and Kalman gain matrices are designed. The new method will determine the optimal feedback and Kalman gain matrices and the required capacities of the actuators and sensors. >
An experimental and computational investigation of the oxygen storage properties of BaLnFe2O5+δ and BaLnCo2O5+δ (Ln = La, Y) perovskites

One interesting class of materials for oxygen storage applications are double perovskite oxides due to their ability to rapidly store and release oxygen. Previously, the double perovskite BaYMn2O5+δ was shown to rapidly and reversibly store and release oxygen with unprecedented kinetics. In this work, four double perovskite materials, BaLaFe2O5+δ, BaLaCo2O5+δ, BaYCo2O5+δ, and BaYFe2O5+δ, were synthesized and characterized. TGA experimental results for all four samples demonstrate rapid and reversible oxygen storage. The two Fe-containing compounds are the most stable for multiple adsorption/desorption cycles with both nitrogen/air and hydrogen/air at multiple temperatures and have been demonstrated to oxidize methane.
Balloon in the left ventricular outflow tract: a surgical technique for the calcified unclampable aorta with aortic insufficiency.

Calcified ascending aorta with severe aortic insufficiency (AI) is a unique problem. Clamping a heavily calcified aorta carries a major risk of stroke. To achieve adequate systemic cooling for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) without aortic clamping in the setting of severe AI is a difficult challenge. In such a scenario, if ventricular fibrillation occurs, the left ventricle (LV) can distend despite the LV vent, which is typically placed through the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV). This can lead to subendocardial ischemia and myofibrillar disruption, with subsequent myocardial dysfunction. Ventricular fibrillation can be delayed or sometimes avoided by gradual cooling. Retrograde warm blood perfusion through the coronary sinus to keep the heart beating has been described. A pulmonary arterial vent can be placed in addition to that in the RSPV; however, if and when there is excessive LV distention, one is forced to arrest the circulation before the desired temperature has been achieved. We describe a technique to prevent LV distention by using an inflated balloon in the LV outflow tract (LVOT), thereby allowing continuation of systemic cooling and coronary perfusion on cardiopulmonary bypass until the goal temperature for DHCA has been achieved.
Automatic partitioning of head CTA for enabling segmentation

Radiologists perform a CT Angiography procedure to examine vascular structures and associated pathologies such as aneurysms. Volume rendering is used to exploit volumetric capabilities of CT that provides complete interactive 3-D visualization. However, bone forms an occluding structure and must be segmented out. The anatomical complexity of the head creates a major challenge in the segmentation of bone and vessel. An analysis of the head volume reveals varying spatial relationships between vessel and bone that can be separated into three sub-volumes: “proximal”, “middle”, and “distal”. The “proximal” and “distal” sub-volumes contain good spatial separation between bone and vessel (carotid referenced here). Bone and vessel appear contiguous in the “middle” partition that remains the most challenging region for segmentation. The partition algorithm is used to automatically identify these partition locations so that different segmentation methods can be developed for each sub-volume. The partition locations are computed using bone, image entropy, and sinus profiles along with a rule-based method. The algorithm is validated on 21 cases (varying volume sizes, resolution, clinical sites, pathologies) using ground truth identified visually. The algorithm is also computationally efficient, processing a 500+ slice volume in 6 seconds (an impressive 0.01 seconds / slice) that makes it an attractive algorithm for pre-processing large volumes. The partition algorithm is integrated into the segmentation workflow. Fast and simple algorithms are implemented for processing the “proximal” and “distal” partitions. Complex methods are restricted to only the “middle” partition. The partitionenabled segmentation has been successfully tested and results are shown from multiple cases.
Shear banding in rolled dispersion hardened AlMg2Si alloys

Description de l'aspect microstructural des zones deformees de l'alliage Al-Mg 2 Si apres une reduction de 90%
Sonography of injury of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee.

Objective: To describe the sonographic appearance of injury of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of the knee. Design and patients: Eleven patients (6 men, 5 women) with an average age of 36 years (range 17–70 years), referred for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation of knee pain, had PCL injury according to standard MR imaging criteria. Sonography was performed after the MR examination by the author, who was aware of the MR findings. Both the affected and contralateral asymptomatic PCL were scanned sonographically in the longitudinal plane with a curvilinear transducer, and their diameters were measured on the scanner using electronic calipers. Bilateral PCL sonography and measurement were also performed on 12 patients with other acute knee injuries but normal PCLs according to MR imaging ("non-PCL-injured knee cohort"), and on 10 normal volunteers. Results: All PCLs were hypoechoic, regardless of injury. The injured PCLs had an average diameter of 0.88 cm (range 0.54–1.21 cm), while the contralateral PCLs had an average diameter of 0.51 cm (range 0.30–0.84 cm) (signed rank test, P<0.001). One patient also had focal discontinuity of the PCL. There was no statistical difference between the diameters of the right and left PCLs of the non-PCL-injured knee cohort (signed rank test, P=0.1) nor between those of the volunteers (signed rank test, P=0.6). The average difference in diameter between the injured and contralateral PCLs was statistically significant versus the difference between the non-PCL-injured knee cohort's PCLs (Mann-Whitney test, P=0.0001) and versus the difference between the volunteers' PCLs (Mann-Whitney test, P=0.0001). Conclusion: PCL injury is manifested sonographically either as enlargement of the entire ligament, appreciated by comparison with the contralateral normal PCL, or by focal disruption of the ligament.
Fluctuational base-pair opening in DNA at temperatures below the helix-coil transition region.

The probability of DNA base-pair opening was calculated at temperatures below the denaturation region. The helix–coil transition theory, modified to include different nearest-neighbor interactions, was employed. Predictions of base-pair opening employing DNA melting-curve parameters differed considerably from predictions based on parameters evaluated from synthetic RNA oligomer data of Gralla and Crothers (G-C) and formaldehyde–DNA binding experiments of McGhee and von Hippel (M-vH). Calculations based on the latter parameters indicate a base-pair-opening probability of 10−2–10−3 at 35°C in 0.1M NaCl. DNA melting-curve parameters predict values about 103 smaller. At a temperature 10°C below the transition midpoint of a specific DNA sequence, DNA melting parameters predict base-pair opening of about 10−3, whereas the G-C and M-vH parameters predict that ≳0.16 of the DNA is melted. Experiments and theoretical assumptions relevant to the calculations are analyzed. Evidence suggests that DNA melting parameters are valid when the average loop size exceeds some minimum value, whereas the G-C and M-vH parameters appear more valid for single base-pair loops. A reconciliation of the two sets of predictions can be made if interactions extending beyond neighboring base pairs are considered. Such interactions will make the parameters of the nearest-neighbor model appear to change with the average loop size. Experiments that may provide further measurements of base-pair opening are discussed.
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF REGNELLIDIUM DIPHYLLUM

The late Professor Duncan S. Johnson, who for many years had been a stuident of the Marsileaceae, was during the last months of his life engaged in a study of Regnellidiumn diphyllum, Lindman, material for which he had been able to secure only after persistent efforts. Unfortunately that study was incomplete at the time of his death, although some of its results were then in the form of extended notes. It was at the request of Airs. Johnson that I undertook to prepare the present paper from a study of Professor Johnson's material and notes. The part I have taken has indeed constituted a labor of love. The sections on development of leaf and sporocarp represent almost wholly the work of Professor Johnson, while I am mainly responsible for the several sections on anatomy and for the discussion. It is planned to follow this paper by one on the development of sporangia and spores.-M. A. C.
Lithium Dimethylamide in the Preparation of Phosphorus- and Silicon-Nitrogen Compounds

Abstract Lithium dimethylamide, prepared in situ from dimethylamine and butyl lithium, is advantageously used in the preparation of a number of phosphorus and silicon derivatives.
Capabilities Of Multispectral Aerial Imagery For Military Geographic Information (MGI)

To meet Army requirements for a more efficient method of obtaining terrain and environ-mental data, the U. S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories (ETL) designed and fabricated a unique multispectral aerial camera. This experimental camera employs a single lens, a beam dispersing system, and dichroic filters to divide the reflected light energy into four broad spectral bands: Blue, green, red, and near infrared. The resulting four spectrally separated images can be reconstituted into a number of displays using a four-channel, optical, additive color viewer. Over the past three years, the camera has been flown over the ETL remote sensor test areas to compare this system with conventional types of aerial photography for acquisition of MGI. During the test, multispectral imagery was obtained simultaneously with color, color IR, color negative, and panchromatic emulsions. In addition, ground data was also acquired during the overflight to ascertain the validity of imagery derived data. The initial results of the comparison indicate that the multispectral imagery provides the image interpreter with a highly flexible imaging system and a number of advantages over conventional emulsions. The advantages include better determination of drainage channels, better shoreline delineation, and better recognition of different vegetation species.
Evolution of a large Miocene growth structure in the upper plate of the Whipple detachment fault, northeastern Whipple Mountains, California

Miocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks in the north-eastern Whipple Mountains, California, and the north-western Aubrey Hills, Arizona, accumulated in the upper plate of the Whipple detachment fault during regional extension and slip on the detachment. Miocene rocks in this area can be divided into three sequences: (1) pre-18.5-Ma dominantly volcanic rocks; (2) the 18.5-Ma Peach Springs Tuff; and (3) post-18.5-Ma dominantly sedimentary rocks. Important stratigraphic markers in sequence 3 include a 100- to 14–0-m-thick basalt unit and the voluminous War Eagle landslide, both of which correlate across Lake Havasu from the north-east Whipple Mountains to the Aurbrey Hills. We divide clastic sedimentary rocks of sequence 3 into three informal members: (3a) conglomerate and sandstone stratigraphically beneath the basalt; (3b) conglomerate and sandstone above the basalt and below the War Eagle landslide; and (3c) conglomerate and sandstone that overlie the War Eagle landslide. Detailed stratigraphic analysis and field mapping reveal dramatic south-westward thickening of member 3b strata, from about 50 m in the Aubrey Hills to over 1500 m in the north-east Whipple Mountains. In the north-east Whipple Mountains, this thick dipping section is overlain by the War Eagle landslide along a major angular unconformity; in the Aubrey Hills the base of the War Eagle landslide is roughly parallel to bedding dips of underlying strata. The above stratigraphic relationships can be explained by syndepositional growth of a rollover monocline by progressive tilting of the hangingwall above a master listric normal fault (Whipple detachment fault). This phase of upper-plate deformation began shortly after deposition of the basalt and ended prior to emplacement of the War Eagle landslide. Interbedded breccias low in member 3b, about 100 m above the basalt, record the first appearance of mylonitic detritus in the section. Growth of this upper-plate rollover was thus initiated at about the same time (shortly after deposition of the basalt) that the lower plate of the Whipple detachment fault was first exposed at the earth's surface by tectonic denudation and large-scale crustal uplift. These events are interpreted to record initiation of a secondary breakaway fault on the north-east flank of the growing Whipple detachment dome shortly after deposition of the basalt at about 14.5 (±1.0) Ma.
Reevaluating the Benefits and Costs of Industrial Revenue Bonds

In a recent article in this journal it was argued that the costs of Industrial Revenue Bonds exceed their benefits and the program, therefore, should be abolished. This note reevaluates the benefits and costs as presented in that article. It is concluded that the costs enumerated in the previous study were overstated whereas the benefits were understated. Among the social costs discussed, only transaction costs and distributional consequences are found to be valid. Absent from the previous study's benefit considerations was the increased capital formation resulting from low-interest Industrial Revenue Bonds.
On moment sequences and renewal sequences

then it is a renewal sequence if and only if it is bounded. Since a Stieltjes moment sequence satisfies condition (1) and since it is a bounded sequence if and only if it is a HausdorR moment sequence, one is naturally led to consider the relationship between moment sequences and renewal sequences. In this note we use Loewner’s theory of monotone matrix functions to investigate the solutions of the renewal equations associated with the three classical moment problems and we obtain results which include those of T. Kaluza.
Activating and inhibitory signaling in mast cells : New opportunities for therapeutic intervention?

Immune responses are tightly controlled by the activities of both activating and inhibitory signals. At the cellular level, these signals are generated through engagement of membrane-associated receptors and coreceptors. The high-affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI is expressed on mast cells and basophils and, on cross-linking by multivalent antigen (allergen), stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators that induce acute allergic responses. Activation signals mediated by a variety of immune receptors (eg, B-cell receptor, T-cell receptor, and FcepsilonRI) are subject to negative regulation by a growing family of structurally and functionally related inhibitory receptors. Recent studies indicate that mast cells express multiple inhibitory receptors that may regulate FcepsilonRI-induced mast cell activation through similar mechanisms. The ability of inhibitory receptors to attenuate IgE-mediated allergic responses implicates them as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of atopic disease. Indeed, coaggregation of activating and inhibitory receptors has been suggested as one possible mechanism to explain the beneficial effects of specific immunotherapy in the treatment of allergy. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of inhibitory receptors expressed in mast cells and the mechanisms through which they regulate mast cell function.
Reversal of quinpirole inhibition of ventral tegmental area neurons is linked to the phosphatidylinositol system and is induced by agonists linked to Gq

Putative dopaminergic (pDAergic) ventral tegmental area neurons play an important role in brain pathways related to addiction. Extended exposure of pDAergic neurons to moderate concentrations of do...
Approximate finiteness properties of infinite groups

Abstract A discrete group Γ is said to be of type F (n) if and only if there is a classifying complex BΓ with finite n-skeleton. We show that Γ is of type F (n) if Γ admits a regular cellular action on a CW complex Y such that Y is homotopy equivalent to a complex with finite (n−1)-skeleton, Y Γ is a complex with finite n-skeleton, and for each p-cell σ of Y(0⩽p⩽n) the stabilizer Γσ is of type F (n−p) .
Methods of Resynchronizing Wind Turbine Generators

The soft, low speed shaft which is common in the design of large wind turbine generators makes it impossible to reclose in time to prevent loss of synchronism following most electrical disturbances. In fact, reclosing is not suggested for the prototype units; instead, the initial recommended procedure is to stop the wind turbine generator, restart and then perform normal synchronization. This paper describes methods of resynchronization which markedly reduce the time to reestabLish normal operation following an electrical disturbance.
Navigating the streams of online training: discovering new pathways to information distribution

With the college's expansion to Hong Kong in 2010, the Information Management and Technology Department (IM&T) had to find creative ways to fulfill our policy of requiring all new full-time staff and faculty to attend technology orientation. After investigating several options, we decided that using some of our existing technology would be the best information distribution method.The department decided that utilizing the Training module within Adobe Acrobat Connect Pro would be our best pathway to completing the orientation requirement. In the past, when the school opened a campus in Atlanta, we utilized the meeting portion of Adobe Connect to hold live trainings with new Atlanta employees. However, with the 13-hour time difference between the main campus in Savannah and Hong Kong this would not be a possibility especially with only one training coordinator on staff.In order to get these trainings posted, the training coordinator had to develop these online trainings. While some of these existed for part-time staff, the remainder of the items covered in the 2 1/2 hour orientation needed to be created. To do this, the training coordinator has used and will continue to use Adobe Captivate which integrates well with Adobe Acrobat Connect Pro.This presentation will examine the steps that were taken to create the trainings and how the in-person sessions were moved to online sessions. This is currently an on-going project, so it will also show how successful this effort has been based on the data at the time of the presentation
A novel calcium/calmodulin-regulated kinesin-like protein is highly conserved between monocots and dicots.

Recently, a novel kinesin-like protein (KCBP) that is regulated by Ca2+/calmodulin was isolated from dicot plants. A homolog of KCBP has not been reported in monocots. To determine if this motor pr...
Separated-Flow Transition: Part 1 — Experimental Methodology and Mode Classification

This first part of the paper presents techniques implemented for the experimental investigation of the transition mechanism in 2-D pressure driven separated boundary layer flows over a flat plate at inlet free-stream turbulence intensities ranging from 0.3 to 0.6% and imposed adverse pressure gradients ranging from K = − 0.68 × 10−6 to − 6.25 × 10−6. The structure and behavior of the separation bubble were investigated for various flow conditions. The separated-flow transition modes were identified and classified. The distribution end strength of the adverse pressure gradient were obtained by varying the test section outer wall divergence angle.Specific methods identifying the main parameters that characterize separated-flow transition are introduced and issues regarding measurements of reverse flow are discussed. The methods implemented in determining the separation point, maximum displacement location, the unsteady reattachment region, the start and end of transition, etc. are described.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Patellofemoral pain : Let the physical exam define treatment

The complex causes of patellofemoral disorders are most effectively identified through a systematic evaluation of a patient's lower-extremity alignment, patellar mobility, muscle flexibility, strength, and coordination as well as an assessment of soft-tissue and articular pain. By combining information from such an exam with a careful history and appropriate radiographic studies, the physician can make a specific diagnosis. This sets the stage for an optimal rehabilitation prescription, which usually will involve some combination of muscle flexibility and strength training, taping, orthoses, analgesics, and therapy with heat and ice.