cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-power memory hierarchies: an argument for second-level caches

Abstract With the availability of high-performance, low-power microprocessors, portable computing is becoming commonplace. The prevalence of portable computers makes them the most obvious examples of systems in which power requirements are a significant design issue. This paper addresses the power tradeoffs of an important component of modern memory hierarchies: second-level caches. Thought by some to increase the total system power requirements, second-level caches can actually reduce the power consumed by the memory hierarchy — in addition to improving the overall performance. Power is saved by substituting second-level cache accesses for main memory accesses; given current memory technology, an active second-level cache and an idle main memory require less total power than an active memory by itself. Clearly, the amount of power saved depends on the extent to which main memory accesses are reduced.
Comparison of early castration at day 1, 7 or 14 on growth and carcass traits in swine

Abstract A 2-phase study was conducted to compare the influence of early castration at Day 1 (day of birth), 7 or 14 on performance and carcass traits in swine. In Phase I, postweaning growth and carcass measurements were recorded on 228 barrows. No significant differences in postweaning growth were found between the 3 treatments; however, less feed per kg of gain (P
The evolving crosstalk between co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors: HVEM-BTLA.

Receptors and their ligands on T cells and antigen-presenting cells are crucial for delivering inhibitory or stimulatory signals that enable immune cells to remain dormant or to respond effectively to various stimuli. The CD28–B7 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)–TNF superfamilies contain many of these molecules and were thought to be distinct functioning modules. However, two studies have now provided a new perspective in this already complex area, showing not only a crosstalk between these superfamilies but potentially between co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors.
Promises and Practices Revisited

Promising is clearly a social practice or convention. By uttering the formula, "I hereby promise to do X," we can raise in others the expectation that we will in fact do X. But this succeeds only because there is a social practice that consists (inter alia) in a disposition on the part of promisers to do what they promise, and an expectation on the part of promisees that promisers will so behave. It is equally clear that, barring special circumstances of some kind, it is morally wrong for promisers to fail to do what they have promised to do. What is perhaps less clear is how the moral wrongness that is involved when promises are broken is related to the social practice that makes promising possible in the first place. This question is at the center of T. M. Scanlon's pioneering recent work on promising. Fundamental to the account he offers-first in "Promises and Practices" and more recently in What We Owe to Each Other-is his rejection of the view that the "wrong involved in breaking a promise is a wrong that depends essentially on the existence of a social practice of agreement-making."' On Scanlon's account, we can understand why it is wrong to break one's promises without making any reference to the fact that promising is a social practice or convention. We agree with Scanlon that the moral wrong involved in breaking promises is not simply the wrong involved in flouting the terms of a social practice. But we do not agree that the moral obligation to fulfill one's
Uncertainty in physiological pharmacokinetic modeling and its impact on statistical risk estimation of 2,3,7,8 TCDD

Abstract Uncertainty predictions resulting from Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Models (PPM) is discussed for human risk assessment. Approaches to assess statistical uncertainty are developed and applied to the study of dioxin (2,3,7,8 TCDD).
Biomass Yield of Naturalized Populations and Cultivars of Reed Canary Grass

Reed canary grass is a widely adapted temperate grass with a circumglobal distribution in the northern hemisphere. Because it has relatively high biomass yields under relatively infrequent harvest systems, this species is receiving increasing attention as a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative biomass yield evaluation of reed canary grass accessions from a wide range of habitats in the north central and northeastern USA. Eight cultivars and 72 accessions were evaluated for biomass yield over 2 years at five locations in Iowa, New York, and Wisconsin. Accessions produced, on average, 6.7% higher biomass yield than the cultivars. Cultivars ranked from 50th to 77th in biomass yield out of a total of 80 cultivars and accessions. Genetic expression for biomass yield was highly consistent across locations and years. Accessions from southern and western collection sites tended to have the highest biomass yield. Reed canary grass populations in rural landscapes of the central and northeastern USA have value for increasing biomass yield potential of this bioenergy feedstock candidate species. The high biomass yield of many of these populations, combined with the large amount of genetic variability among these populations, offers potential for both short-term gains by selecting superior accessions and long-term gains by selection and breeding.
MEFV and NLRP3 gene variants in children with pfapa syndrome in slovenia

PFAPA syndrome is the most common autoinflammatory fever disorder in childhood, characterized by recurrent fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis. Mutations in the MEFV and NLRP3 genes are known to cause syndromes with PFAPA overlapping symptoms (Familial Mediterranean Fever and Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome), which are rarely reported in patients from Slovenia.
Interleukin 1: production by P388D1 cells attached to microcarrier beads.

Abstract The murine macrophage-derived cell line P388D 1 is commonly used for the production of Interleukin 1 (IL1) and other macrophage products. In order to circumvent the tendency of this cell line to undergo selection for a non-adherent subpopulation of cells which does not produce IL1, we have grown P388D 1 cells attached to microcarrier beads. IL1 produced by these cells is indistinguishable from that elaborated by cells grown in monolayer or suspension culture. Moreover, several volumes of conditioned medium can be produced from one batch of cells suitable for the large-scale purification of this mediator.
Impacts of nitrogen fertilization on biomass production of switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) and changes in soil organic carbon in Ohio

Abstract Growing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, L.), a promising bioenergy crop, needs finely-tuned nitrogen (N) fertilization to improve biomass yields depending on soil types and site characteristics. N fertilization can also affect the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of N fertilization on switchgrass biomass production and the SOC stock in Ohio. Switchgrass was established at three research stations (Northwest, Jackson, and Western sites) of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) in spring 2004. N fertilizer was applied at four different rates (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg N ha−1) in 2008 and 2009. Aboveground and root biomass and the carbon (C) and N concentrations in plant tissues, SOC concentrations up to 30 cm depth were measured at the end of the growing season in 2009. Aboveground biomass at the Western site was the highest as 26 Mg ha−1 with 200 kg N ha−1 application, but there were no significant effects of N fertilization on aboveground biomass at two other sites and on root biomass across all sites. The amount of N export due to harvesting aboveground biomass increased with increase in N rates but did not vary among sites. With increasing N rates, the SOC stock linearly increased from 102 to 123 and from 55 to 70 Mg C ha−1 at the Northwest and the Jackson sites, respectively. However, this positive correlation was not observed for the Western site (a range of 59 to 67 Mg C ha−1). This study showed a potential of growing switchgrass as a bioenergy crop in Ohio and positive responses of the SOC stock to N fertilization.
Modeling and measurement of airgap harmonics of single-phase induction motors

The air-gap harmonic frequencies of a single-phase squirrel-cage induction motor are studied analytically using the permeance method. This approach delivers detailed information about the air-gap harmonic frequencies, corresponding pole pairs, and the originating mechanisms, such as excitation, slotting, or saturation. In order to verify this analysis, experimental measurements are carried out on a 1/3-hp single-phase induction machine. The harmonic frequencies and nature of the field waveforms are studied under different operating conditions. Excellent correlation is found between theoretical and experimental results.
Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, Sixth Edition. Thomas M. Devlin, ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Liss, John Wiley & Sons, 2006, 1208 pp., $115.00, Hardcover. ISBN 0-471-67808-2.

This is the sixth and substantially revised edition of a textbook that has already earned an important role as a teaching guide in biochemistry. The book focuses very specifically on eukaryotic biochemistry, with emphasis on mammalian systems, because of the importance of understanding biochemistry as it pertains to human disease. This textbook is designed to fulfill the requirements of most upper level undergraduate and graduate level courses in biochemistry and physiological chemistry. The text is broken down into 5 main sections that cover the areas of macromolecular structure, transmission of information including translational and transcriptional events, …
WA7--Electron-beam-controlled CO 2 laser amplifiers

The performance of electron-beam-controlled atmospheric-pressure CO 2 laser amplifiers is reported. The amplifiers have an active length of 100 cm and a circular optical aperture of 10 cm2. The electrical parameters are 130-kV electron beam energy and 0.15-A/cm2cathode current density over 800 cm2; 20-kV gas pumping voltage and 7-A/cm2gas current density over 800 cm2. Referred to the gas, the corresponding values are E/N = 17 townsends and j\cdot E = 24 kW/cm3. Small signal gain measurements on the P(20) line of the 10.4-μ band show gain coefficients up to 0.046 cm-1, depending on the electrical parameters and the gas composition. The operation of the amplifiers as lasers, the results of experiments on pulsed energy extraction, and the uniformity of the small signal gain across the optical aperture are reported.
The influence of ozone on growth and ribosomal RNA in pinto bean plants

Abstract A study was made of the relationship between the level of r RNA and the rate of growth in pinto bean plants treated with 0·35 ppm ozone for 20–40 min. Cytoplasmic ribosomes and a fraction containing both cytoplasmic and chloroplast ribosomes were initially isolated from primary leaves. The r RNA components of 25S, 23S, and 16S were extracted from these fractions and analysed by sucrose density gradient. The levels of cytoplasmic r RNA components, 25S and 16S, are not significantly affected by ozone. In contrast, ozone specifically decreases the relative level of 23S of chloroplast r RNA, as the rate of growth is inhibited.
Deformation microstructures of γ-TiAl in the Ti-46Al-2V alloy

Majority of the dislocations present in samples deformed at various temperatures are of b = 12 < 110] type. They are generally mixed in character, and therefore would have higher mobility than those pure screw type. Very few isolated b = 12 < 112] dislocations are observed in the elevated temperature deformation microstructure. This may be due to the fact that they experience much higher Peierls stress than the b = 12 < 110] dislocation owing to their larger Burgers vector than that of b = 12 < 110] dislocations. The number of b = < 101] superdislocations at high temperature is quite low, and this is probably due to their low mobility caused by the formation of Kear-Wilsdorf (12) type of locks. Dislocation loops can also be seen in the elevated temperature deformation microstructures, and they are associated with the b = 12 < 110] curved and tangled dislocations. They form due to the interactions of the b = 12 < 110] dislocations. The density of twins in the samples is quite high, and it appears to increase with the increasing deformation temperature. The deformation microstructures of the alloys studied here are similar to those observed in the binary two-phase (α2 + γ) titanium aluminides, and it appears that V does not significantly change the deformation microstructures of this particular alloy.
Approximate antilinear eigenvalue problems and related inequalities

If T is a complex symmetric operator on a separable complex Hilbert space H, then the spectrum σ(|T|) of √T*T can be characterized in terms of a certain approximate antilinear eigenvalue problem. This approach leads to a general inequality (applicable to any bounded operator T: H → H), in terms of the spectra of the selfadjoint operators ReT and ImT, restricting the possible location of elements of σ(|T|). A sharp inequality for the operator norm is produced, and the extremal operators are shown to be complex symmetric.
Recall-to-Reject in Recognition: Evidence from ROC Curves

Dual-process models of recognition assume that recognition judgments are based on a fast-acting familiarity-based process and a slower, more accurate, recall-based process. Often, the recall process is assumed to operate as a recall-to-reject process in which mismatching information that is retrieved from memory is used to reject test foils that are similar to studied items. In four experiments, we use receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the evidence for a recall-to-reject process in recognition judgments. Recall-to-reject emerged in item recognition and was especially apparent when participants were explicitly told that it was an appropriate strategy. Recall-to-reject also emerged in associative-recognition tasks in which sufficient time was allowed for a recall process to contribute to the recognition judgments.
Food anticipation depends on oscillators and memories in both body and brain

Despite the importance of learning and circadian rhythms to feeding, there has been relatively little effort to integrate these separate lines of research. In this review, we focus on how light and food entrainable oscillators contribute to the anticipation of food. In particular, we examine the evidence for temporal conditioning of food entrainable oscillators throughout the body. The evidence suggests a shift away from previous notions of a single locus or neural network of food entrainable oscillators to a distributed system involving dynamic feedback among cells of the body and brain. Several recent advances, including documentation of peroxiredoxin metabolic circadian oscillation and anticipatory behavior in the absence of a central nervous system, support the possibility of conditioned signals from the periphery in determining anticipatory behavior. Individuals learn to detect changes in internal and external signals that occur as a consequence of the brain and body preparing for an impending meal. Cues temporally near and far from actual energy content can then be used to optimize responses to temporally predictable and unpredictable cues in the environment.
A feasibility study of time-lapse seismic monitoring using stochastic reservoir models

Summary Time-lapse seismic monitoring of producing reservoirs presents strong potential for improving reservoir management. We have implemented a high speed simulation combing streamline fluid flow and ray-Born seismic modeling to examine feasibility and uncertainty of such monitoring. The simulations is applied to an 80% gas saturated reservoir model subjected to water injection by building a realistic porosity model using stochastic methods and generate a permeability model using cloud transforms. We then apply a rapid streamline fluid simulation. The petrophysical and fluid saturation data provide the basis for predicting time-dependent elastic properties of the reservoir using the Gassmann equation. Bulk moduli for the solid grains and fluid properties were chosen to represent reservoir conditions at a depth of 2Ekm, and dry rock bulk and shear moduli were chosen to have a linear dependence on porosity similar to observations from laboratory data. Given the parameters from the Gassmann equation, a rayBorn algorithm provides a high speed, 3-D simulation of seismic data. We find that the RMS amplitude change before and after water injection is large enough to be seismically visible in the high porosity regions of the reservoir, but the change in low porosity regions is small and may be masked if the signal-to-noise ratio is small. Other factors such as seismic resolution will also hinder time-lapse analysis.
Cognitive models of motivation, expectancy theory and effort: An analysis and empirical test

Abstract Using a General Cognitive Model which specifies that environmental conditions affect behavior only through the perceptions that persons have of their environment, three linkages were defined and tested with respect to expectancy theory predictions of effort expenditure. These linkages specified that environmental conditions in accord with expectancy theory predictions should affect effort expenditure; that these same conditions should affect persons' perceptions of the situation; and that the perceptions, in turn, should be predictive of effort expenditure. In order to test these predictions, expectancies and instrumentalities, in addition to valences, were experimentally manipulated in a completely crossed design in which a measure of effort was the dependent variable. Further, perceptual measures of each of the expectancy theory variables were assessed. The results of this investigation supported each of the links in the General Cognitive Model and are interpreted within that model.
IgG antilymphocyte antibodies in SLE detected by 125I protein A.

125I-labeled protein A was utilized to detect lymphocyte binding of IgG at 37°C in 50 sera from patients with SLE. IgG binding was partially inhibited by pre-incubation of test cells with immune complexes in 50% of sera. In 10%, cytophilic Ig was increased by immune complex preincubation, and in 40% no appreciable change was recorded. With purified preparations of T and B cells, binding of SLE IgG at 37°C was equal for both cell populations.
Liquid ion exchangers in paper chromatography of steroidal glucosiduronic esters

Abstract Twenty-five steroidal glucosiduronic esters were chromatographed on paper in each of five straight-phase systems and five reversed-phase systems. The resolving characteristics of these systems were compared by expressing the retention values in terms of R M and correlating the data by use of linear regression equations. The resolving characteristics of the straight-phase systems as a group are very similar, and those of the reversed-phase systems are somewhat less similar; the various systems differ considerably in polarity. The resolving properties of a straight-phase system and a reversed-phase system which contain the same liquid ion exchanger are markedly different, a circumstance which increases the probability that a pair of compounds which was not separated in a straight-phase system will be resolved in the reversed-phase system which contains the same liquid ion exchanger. The migration of the esters in the foregoing systems was compared with the migration of the corresponding glucosiduronic acids (a previous study) in the same solvent systems. If a particular pair of conjugates is not separable as carboxylic acids in a specific straight-phase system, there is a relatively good chance that they will be separable as methyl esters in the same system.
Lipid Modification and Monoclonal Antibody Response to an Epitope of Oxidized LDL Following Vitamin E Supplementation in Children with Hyperlipidemia

Lipid Modification and Monoclonal Antibody Response to an Epitope of Oxidized LDL Following Vitamin E Supplementation in Children with Hyperlipidemia
Assay of α‐Amylase Inhibitor Activity in Legumes

Factors affecting the activity of phaseolamin, the α-amylase inhibitor from the kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, are discussed, and a protocol for assay of the inhibitor activity is described. The levels of α-amylase inhibitor activity in a number of legumes are reported.
Dispersion in flow through porous media—I. One-phase flow

In this paper we extend our previous study (Sahimi et al., 1986, Chem. Engng Sci.41, 2103–2122) of dispersion processes in porous media occupied by two fluid phases. We report results of Monte Carlo investigations of dispersion in two-phase flow through disordered porous media represented by square and simple cubic networks of pores of random radii. The percolation theory of Heiba et al. (1982, SPE 11015, 57th Annual Fall Meeting of the Soc. Petrol. Engrs) is used to determine the statistical distribution of phases in the porespace. One of the phases is assumed to be strongly wetting on the porewall in the presence of the other phase. A pore size distribution is chosen which yields through the percolation theory of Heiba et al. network relative permeabilities that are in agreement with the available experimental data. As in one-phase flow dispersion is diffusive in the cases simulated, i.e. it can be described by the convective-diffusion equation. Longitudinal dispersivity in a given phase rises greatly as the saturation of that phase approaches residual (i.e. its percolation threshold); transverse dispersivity also increases, but more slowly. As residual saturation of a phase is neared, the backbone of the subnetwork occupied by the phase becomes increasingly tortuous, with local mazes spotted along it that are highly effective dispersers. Dispersivities are found to be phase, saturation and saturation history dependent. Some limited Monte Carlo experiments with a residence time representation of the effects of deadend paths within a phase or reversible adsorption on the pore walls demonstrate that the approach developed can be extended to study the influence of such delay mechanisms on the dispersion process.
Space Technology 5 multipoint observations of temporal and spatial variability of field‐aligned currents

Space Technology 5 (ST5) is a constellation mission consisting of three microsatellites. It provides the first multipoint magnetic field measurements in low Earth orbit, which enables us to separate spatial and temporal variations. In this paper, we present a study of the temporal variability of field-aligned currents using the ST5 data. We examine the field-aligned current observations during and after a geomagnetic storm and compare the magnetic field profiles at the three spacecraft. The multipoint data demonstrate that mesoscale current structures, commonly embedded within large-scale current sheets, are very dynamic with highly variable current density and/or polarity in approx.10 min time scales. On the other hand, the data also show that the time scales for the currents to be relatively stable are approx.1 min for mesoscale currents and approx.10 min for large-scale currents. These temporal features are very likely associated with dynamic variations of their charge carriers (mainly electrons) as they respond to the variations of the parallel electric field in auroral acceleration region. The characteristic time scales for the temporal variability of mesoscale field-aligned currents are found to be consistent with those of auroral parallel electric field.
Comment on “Informatics and the 2007–2008 Electronic Geophysical Year”

In the article by D. N. Baker et al. on informatics and the Electronic Geophysical Year (see Eos, 89(48), 25 November 2008), “informatics science” rather than “science” should have been noted on the horizontal beam in Figure 2 indicating “the pillars supporting state-of-the-art science.” I stared in puzzlement at the figure before I realized that—although not stated—the figure applies to this narrow (the authors probably consider it as broad) area of science. My sensitivity about this matter is probably due to my having always felt that AGU—to the detriment of its scientific activities—downplays the importance of measurement science and technological advances, two essential pillars of support for its activities.
Membrane Destabilization by Alzheimer's Amyloid β Peptide

Alzheimer's Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a 39-42 amino acid fragment of the amyloid precursor protein. Accumulation of the neurotoxic Aβ in the brains of Alzheimer's patients forms detrimental plaques. Another mechanism of neuronal damage is membrane destabilization by insertion of the peptide into brain cell membranes and disruption of ionic homeostasis. The molecular mechanism of membrane permeabilization by Aβ remains largely uncharacterized. Experiments with live cells and lipid membranes have identified ion channels formed by Aβ. The channel formed by an 11 amino acid residue fragment, Aβ25-35, has been modeled by Molecular Dynamics simulations as an 8-stranded β-barrel, but this structure has not been supported by direct experimental data. The objective of this work was to study the mechanism of membrane permeabilization by Aβ using biophysical techniques. Unilamellar lipid vesicles were prepared in a buffer containing 30 mM CaCl2, followed by removal of calcium from the external medium via a desalting column and addition of 0.1 mM Quin-2, a fluorescent calcium indicator. Before peptide addition, the vesicle sample showed little fluorescence because of spatial sequestration of calcium and Quin-2. Addition of submicromolar concentration of the Aβ25-35 peptide resulted in gradual increase in Quin-2 fluorescence, indicating formation of Ca2+-permeable pores in vesicle membranes. Addition of higher concentrations of the peptide resulted in instantaneous increase in fluorescence, comparable to the effect of detergents like Triton X-100, indicating rupture of vesicle membranes. Thus, the data suggest membrane pore formation at low peptide concentrations and membrane disruption at higher concentrations. These data are consistent with a mechanism of detergent-like action of the Aβ peptide; at concentrations below the aggregation threshold (similar to critical micelle concentration) it forms membrane pores, and at higher concentration it acts like a detergent and solubilizes the membranes of surrounding cells.
Absence of a Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide

To support the use of a combination of losartan, a highly specific and selective AT1 angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and hydrochlorothiazide for treatment of hypertension, a pharmacokinetic drug interaction study was conducted. In this open-label, randomized, three-period, crossover study, patients with mild to moderate hypertension received a 12.5-mg tablet of hydrochlorothiazide, a 50-mg losartan tablet, or a combination tablet of 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 50 mg of losartan for 7 days. Twelve patients (age range, 35-55 years; mean age, 44 years) were allocated to treatment. Drug interactions were evaluated by comparing the 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve (AUC24) for losartan and its active metabolite, E-3174, when losartan (50 mg) was given alone or in combination with 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide. The urinary recovery over the 24-hour period of hydrochlorothiazide was compared for hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg) given alone or in combination with 50 mg losartan. A clinically significant interaction was defined as a treatment difference of more than 35%. There was no evidence of a clinically significant effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics of losartan or E-3174, as the geometric mean AUC24 ratio (90% confidence interval [CI]) was 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) for losartan and 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) for E-3174. Based on urinary recovery over a 24-hour period of hydrochlorothiazide, losartan did not affect the pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide, as the geometric mean ratio of urinary hydrochlorothiazide recovery (90% CI) was 0.898 (0.79, 1.20). There was a minor (17%) decrease in the AUC24 of hydrochlorothiazide after administration of the combination tablet. Coadministration of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan was well tolerated.
Characterization of a primate model of asthma using anti-allergy/anti-asthma agents.

The following study was performed to further characterize a primate model of asthma using classes of drugs that target allergy (pyrilamine, cetirizine), are bronchodilators for the treatment of asthma (salbutamol, salmeterol) or are anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone). These drugs were examined for their ability to inhibit acute, antigen-induced bronchoconstriction, the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs of atopic cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca facsicularis) using a 10-day, multiple antigen (Ag) challenge protocol. All compounds except dexamethasone and cetirizine significantly (p<0.05) reduced acute, Ag-induced bronchoconstriction (salbutamol: 74.2%, salmeterol: 52.6%%, pyrilamine: 62.4% inhibition) compared to vehicle control trials. Only dexamethasone and salmeterol prevented the development of AHR to methacholine challenge by 90.4±6.81% and 85.7±5.61% respectively. Dexamethasone significantly reduced the Ag-induced increase in BAL eosinophils by 85.9±8.53%. Cetirizine reduced the eosinophil response in 5 of 6 monkeys and salmeterol demonstrated a trend towards reduced eosinophil increases after multiple Ag challeng, but neither of these were statistically significant. These results further illustrate the utility of this model in predicting compound effects against several relevant functional endpoints that are consistent with the effects of similar classes of compounds in humans.
Quantitative trait loci of acid detergent fiber and grain chemical composition in hulled × hull-less barley population

Cultivated barley is the major livestock feed grain in the Northern Plains and Northwestern United States due to the fact that its short growing season and limited rainfall limit the planting and production of corn. Starch and fiber content play a significant role in feedlot performance of animals raised on barley feed. To study the underlying genetic locations and mechanisms for these traits, a recombinant inbred line population was derived from a cross between the hulled barley cultivar Valier and a hull-less Swiss landrace line, PI370970. Valier has a high acid detergent fiber content (ADF) and low starch and protein while PI370970 contains low ADF and high starch and protein content. To detect associated QTLs, data were collected and analyzed from irrigated and rain-fed environments. A total of 30 main effect QTLs and four epistatic QTLs were identified which conditioned ADF, starch and protein content under rain-fed, irrigated and combined analyses. These QTLs were located on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H, 6H and 7H. Major ADF and starch QTL were identified on chromosome 7H near the nud locus (the locus controlling hulled vs. hull-less caryopsis). High heritability estimates for both ADF and starch content suggest that early selection for these traits during breeding would be productive. Low ADF-QTL were independently verified in a second population in a different genetic background.
TRPV1 and TRPA1 Mediate Peripheral Nitric Oxide-Induced Nociception in Mice

Nitric oxide (NO) can induce acute pain in humans and plays an important role in pain sensitization caused by inflammation and injury in animal models. There is evidence that NO acts both in the central nervous system via a cyclic GMP pathway and in the periphery on sensory neurons through unknown mechanisms. It has recently been suggested that TRPV1 and TRPA1, two polymodal ion channels that sense noxious stimuli impinging on peripheral nociceptors, are activated by NO in heterologous systems. Here, we investigate the relevance of this activation. We demonstrate that NO donors directly activate TRPV1 and TRPA1 in isolated inside-out patch recordings. Cultured primary sensory neurons display both TRPV1- and TRPA1-dependent responses to NO donors. BH4, an essential co-factor for NO production, causes activation of a subset of DRG neurons as assayed by calcium imaging, and this activation is at least partly dependent on nitric oxide synthase activity. We show that BH4-induced calcium influx is ablated in DRG neurons from TRPA1/TRPV1 double knockout mice, suggesting that production of endogenous levels of NO can activate these ion channels. In behavioral assays, peripheral NO-induced nociception is compromised when TRPV1 and TRPA1 are both ablated. These results provide genetic evidence that the peripheral nociceptive action of NO is mediated by both TRPV1 and TRPA1.
Quantitative gated blood pool tomographic assessment of regional ejection fraction: Definition of normal limits

Abstract Objective . Our aim was to select a method of analysis for gated blood pool tomography that reduced variability in a group of normal subjects, allowed comparison with normal limit files and displayed results in the bull's-eye format. Background . Abnormalities in left ventricular function may not be accurately detected by measures of global function because hyperkuiesia in normal regions may compensate for abnormal regional function. Gated blood pool tomography acquires threedimensional data and offers advantages over other noninvasive modalities Tor quantitative assessment of global and regional function. Methods . Alternative methods for selecting the ventricular axis, calculating regional ejection fraction and choosing the number of ventricular divisions were studied In 15 normal volunteers to select the combination of parameter that produced the lowest variability in quantitative regional ejection fraction. Methods for quantitative comparison, of regional ejection fraction with normal limit files and for display in the bull's-eye format were also examined. Results . A fixed axis (the geometric center of the ventricle defined for end-diastole and used for end-systole) gave ejection fractions that were significantly higher in the lateral wall versus in the septum, 82 ± 8 (mean ± 1 SD) versus 39 ± 17 (p 2.5 SD below the mean as abnormal. We described the two-dimensional bull's-eye format as a method for displaying the regional three-dimensional data and illustrated abnormalities in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Conclusions . Gated blood pool tomography performed using a floating axis system, regional stroke volume calculation of ejection fraction and nine regions uses all the three-dimensional blood pool data to calculate regional ejection fraction, allow quantitative comparison with normal limit tiles, display the functional data in the two-dimensional bull's-eye format and demonstrate abnormalities in patients with myocardial infarction.
Glauconite from the precambrian belt series, Montana

Glauconite from the upper part of the Missoula Group of the Belt Series, Flathead County, Montana, has been dated at 1070 million years by potassium-argon and rubidium-strontium analyses. This is the first glauconite of Precambrian age reported in North America.
A Pilot Study Surveying the Educational Needs of Delinquent Adolescents

Abstract The perceived health and mental health educational needs by delinquents is explored through questionnaires administered to a group of incarcerated delinquents and their counselors. Results of this study suggest that such youth can discriminate between related topic areas and that their perceptions differ significantly from their counselors predominantly in format of delivery choice. After a series of education efforts, no significant changes in topic area choices were found in response to the questionnaire, but both the students and counselors demonstrated significant changes in choice of format.
Heterocyclic Thioureas II: Antitubercular activity of diheterocyclic thioureas

The preparation and in vitro examination for antitubercular activity of a series of heterocyclic substituted (1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-5-pyrazolon-4-yl) thioureas are described. The second heterocyclic rings substituted on the molecules are examples of N -and O -heteroparaffinics, N -π deficient and N -π excessive rings. The compounds studied ranged in minimum inhibitory concentrations from 0.63 mg. percent to a lower level of activity of 10 mg. per cent.
From Passion to Performance: Multilevel Effects of Leadership and Entrepreneurial Orientation

This study examines how the entrepreneurial process may be driven and shaped by a founder’s passion for inventing. We propose a dual-level, theoretical model that connects domains from the organiza...
Cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and production of lignin peroxidase in novel biofilm reactor systems: Hollow fiber reactor and silicone membrane reactor

Abstract The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium and its extracellular enzyme lignin peroxidase are both known to catalyze the transformation and, in many cases, the degradation of several hazardous compounds and are, therefore, promising candidates for application in hazardous waste treatment. The application of P. chrysosporium in large-scale waste treatment and commercial production of lignin peroxidase has been impeded by the lack of bioreactor systems yielding consistent production of high levels of lignin peroxidase under long-term steady state conditions and controlled growth of the fungus. The use of innovative biofilm systems, which minimize intensive shear and provide for fungal growth as a biofilm, was investigated. The viability of the use of a hollow fiber reactor and a stirred tank reactor modified into a unique silicone membrane reactor for the cultivation of P. chrysosporium and production of high levels of lignin peroxidase was demonstrated. The membrane reactor utilizes silicone tubing as a growth support and for oxygenation. The silicone membrane reactor was operated using a repeated batch technique, consisting of alternating growth and production phases, to yield production of lignin peroxidase over a period of 5 weeks and appears promising for application as a hazardous waste treatment process.
Perceived weight gain, risk, and nutrition in pregnancy in five racial groups

Objective: Examine perceived pregnancy weight gain needed, perceived risks to mother, and infant of excessive weight and underweight, perceptions of actual, ideal, realistic body size, nutritional intake in five racial/ethnic groups. Design: Cross-sectional Setting: Physicians’ offices Participants: A total of 54 women <20 weeks gestation Methods: Questionnaires-perceived weight gain needed, risks of weight gain for mother, infant, perceptions of body size, food frequency. Results: A total of 39% of women are overweight or obese (57% Caribbean Black, 50% African American). Perceived pregnancy weight gain needed highest in Central American Hispanic women, lowest Caribbean Black women. African-American women had low perceived risk for mother and infant of gaining too much pregnancy weight, highest perceived risk for both of gaining too little. Caribbean Black women perceived highest risk to mother of gaining too much pregnancy weight, highest risk to infant of gaining too little. White Non-Hispanic women reported smaller prepregnant, ideal, realistic body sizes than other four groups. Daily caloric intake ranged from 599 to 5856 calories. African-American women had significantly more calories; protein, total fats, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated fats; carbohydrates, sugar; and iron than White Non-Hispanic women. Women in each racial/ethnic group had less than recommended intake of protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, folate, and fiber. Conclusions: Education is needed to raise awareness of risks of prepregnancy weight and excessive weight gain for mother and infant. The need for prenatal nutritional counseling to reduce the intake of calories, fats, sweets, and snacks; increase intake of vegetables, fruits, foods with iron, folate, and fiber.
Beyond Patienthood: Integrative medicine, healing environments and the journey toward new selfhood.

The purpose of this study is to learn about the relationship between participation in an integrative medicine program and the impact upon the social identities of seven individuals with cancer. Data were collected via semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and observations in the clinic space, and analyzed using a constant comparison method. All of the participants reported a change in their social identities as they transitioned between illness and wellness. The sub-themes that emerged included: the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as a means of fighting cancer after chemotherapy ended, maintaining health becoming a main occupation, and the “cancer filter” through which all other experiences are viewed, shaping the post-treatment phase of life. Overall, findings suggest that seeking CAM played a role in the participants’ transitions from selves defined by patient status, to new selves, with new perspectives.
Ube3a expression is not altered in Mecp2 mutant mice

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive regression, loss of purposeful hand movements and speech, stereotypies, ataxia, seizures, mental retardation and acquired microcephaly. Mutations in MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, are responsible for approximately 90% of classic RTT cases. RTT displays phenotypic overlap with Angelman syndrome, a disorder caused by loss of expression of the imprinted gene UBE3A. MeCP2 binds to methylated DNA and may alter the expression of imprinted genes, thereby suggesting a mechanistic link between the two disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MeCP2 deficiency affects expression of Ube3a in mouse models of RTT. As Ube3a is only imprinted in brain, we evaluated Ube3a expression in brains of 15 different litters of neonatal or 8-week-old male Mecp2 mutant mice by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis. We found no significant differences between Mecp2(tm1.1Bird/Y) or Mecp2(tm1.1Jae/Y) mutants and their wild-type male siblings that served as negative controls. In positive control mice carrying a maternally inherited Ube3a deletion, Ube3a sense transcript and protein levels were drastically reduced. Our data contrast with two recent reports of substantially decreased Ube3a expression in brain tissues of MeCP2-deficient mice. We, therefore, challenge the conclusion that decreased UBE3A/Ube3a expression contributes to the pathophysiology of RTT.
Radiotherapy alone or combined with surgery for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Background. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with surgery for adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Latent structure of social fears and social anxiety disorders

Background Despite its high prevalence and associated levels of impairment, the latent structure of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is not well understood, with published studies reporting inconsistent results. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the latent structure of social fears in individuals with and without SAD is the same. Method Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis followed by multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) analysis were conducted on 13 commonly feared social situations assessed in a nationally representative sample including individuals with SAD and those with social fears but who did not meet DSM-IV criteria for SAD. Results An EFA conducted in the full sample, including individuals with no social fears (88% of the sample), yielded only one factor. When the sample was restricted to those with at least one social fear, the EFA yielded three factors, in both the subsample with at least one social fear but no SAD and the subsample with SAD. The three factors represented feared situations related to public performance, close scrutiny and social interaction. The MIMIC analyses further indicated that the three-factor structure was able to explain differences in prevalence of social fears across a broad range of sociodemographic covariates. Conclusions Among individuals with at least one social fear and those with DSM-IV SAD the latent structure of social fears appears to be best described by three factors, although this may partially depend on how the sample is specified. These results may help reconcile the findings of different numbers of factors identified in previous studies.
Treatment of Disease Due to Mycobacterium intracellulare

During eleven and one-half years, 122 patients with M. intracellulare disease were treated at National Jewish Hospital and Research Center, Denver, Colorado. Of the 81 patients treated with multiple drug chemotherapy, 63 (78%) were considered to be treatment successes. On follow-up (averaging 55 months) 40 of the 63 patients had remained clinically stable or improved and 12 had grown worse. Ten of these 63 patients had relapsed. Of the 63 patients considered to be treatment successes, 23 (36.5%) had died during follow-up, mostly of pulmonary disease. Of the 18 patients who failed to respond to chemotherapy, 2 were later successfully treated with surgery, 5 patients were clinically worsening, and 8 (44%) had died during a follow-up period averaging 43 months. A group of 41 patients had indeterminate results with chemotherapy. Eight had died while in the hospital. Follow-up information after an average of 43 months indicated that 9 patients became treatment successes (5 with chemotherapy, 4 with surgery), 12 were clinically stable or improving, and an additional 13 had died for a total of 21 deaths (51%). The overall success of treatment in the 122 patients was 61%. Fifty-two (43%) died during the study. Many patients will respond to drug therapy and remain clinically well for years. Because of the potential seriousness of this disease in some patients, multiple drug chemotherapy should be used.
Towards a discursive theory of racial identity: The souls of black folk as a response to nineteenth‐century biological determinism

This essay interprets W. E. B. Du Bois's The Souls of Black Folk as a response to nineteenth‐century racial science and the ideology of biological determinism. It argues that Souls inverts the racist claims of nineteenth‐century science through direct analysis, a style that combines art and reason and makes a methodological shift from studying what Black is to studying what being Black means. Du Bois's critical practice in The Souls of Black Folk moved scholarship along with two conceptual innovations‐the veil of race and double consciousness toward a discursive theory of race that foreshadowed cultural/minority studies and critical race theory.
Autonomic project management

This paper introduces a new class of project management system that may be used to overcome many of the shortcomings of current project management systems and enable new functionalities that will significantly improve project outcomes.