cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total quality management for maintenance process improvement

The acquisition of a new system's operations and maintenance responsibility offered an opportunity to apply different methods in the University of Wisconsin—Extension maintenance organization. Total Quality Management (TQM) methods were chosen because they support broader objectives deemed beneficial to maintenance operations. TQM methods focus on the customer, are implemented through teams, and use data to make decisions rather than relying on inferences or assumptions. The team analyses, assesses, and continually improves the process of maintenance to ensure the product meets customer needs and answers root causes of problems. This paper describes the team's planning, implementation, and validation efforts accomplished, and the findings from the pilot project. In addition to this report on the pilot project, this paper includes several reasons why TQM methods may be particularly amenable to software maintenance functions. They are: (1) the inherent customer-focus of maintenance activities; (2) the advantages of team work for gaining consensus on improvements, thereby potentially limiting re-work; and (3) the data-based, task-sequenced, structured, analytic techniques used in TQM. Unresolved issues in applying TQM in maintenance organizations include the definition of customer versus user, the need to manage customer expectations, and the application for use in service organizations of techniques honed in manufacturing organizations. This paper is a first step in addressing some of these issues. It provides a preliminary model for applying TQM methods in maintenance organizations.
Finite viscoplasticity of polycarbonate reinforced with short glass fibers

Abstract A model is derived for the viscoplastic behavior of polymers and polymer composites at finite strains. A polymer is treated as an equivalent network of strands bridged by permanent junctions. The elastic response of the network is attributed to deformation of strands, whereas its viscoplastic behavior is associated with sliding of junctions with respect to their reference positions. The rate of sliding is proportional to the rate of macro-deformation. Constitutive equations for the time-dependent response of an equivalent network are developed by using the laws of thermodynamics. The stress–strain relations are simplified for uniaxial tension and simple shear of an incompressible medium. The governing equations are determined by three material constants that are found by fitting experimental data in tensile and shear tests with constant strain rates on polycarbonate reinforced with short glass fibers. The effects of temperature, strain rate and filler content on the material constants are studied in detail.
Orbital, thyroid, and breast superficial radiation shielding for patients undergoing diagnostic CT

Computed tomography (CT) now provides over 30% of all radiation received from medical imaging. Superficial radiosensitive organs, such as the thyroid, eyes, and breasts receive a greater proportion of this radiation because of increase scatter and the lack of overlying other tissues to partially absorb some of the dose. This article describes the use of bismuth radioprotective garments to shield these radiosensitive areas while preserving the overall quality of the diagnostic image.
Opiate withdrawal signs precipitated by naloxone following a single exposure to morphine: potentiation with a second morphine exposure.

Recent studies in humans with no prior history of opiate abuse indicated that naloxone-precipitated signs of opiate withdrawal could be observed after a single exposure to morphine, and that the severity of withdrawal was enhanced following a second morphine exposure 24 h later. The current study was conducted to establish a paradigm in rodents that resembled these conditions described in humans. To that end, naloxone-precipitated (0.03–3.0 mg/kg) suppression of operant response rates and somatic signs of withdrawal following single or repeated treatments with morphine (5.0 mg/kg) were assessed in previously opiate-naive rats. In one group of rats, naloxone was administered 4 h after both the first and second morphine pretreatment, while in a separate group of rats naloxone was administered 4h after the second morphine pretreatment only. A single morphine pretreatment significantly increased naloxone’s potency to suppress operant response rates, and resulted in the precipitation by naloxone of certain somatic signs of withdrawal. The effects of naloxone on both dependent measures (operant response rates and somatic signs) were potentiated following a second morphine pretreatment, regardless of whether naloxone was administered following both morphine exposures or only following the second morphine exposure. Thus, repeated morphine administration appears to be the critical factor underlying the progressive increase in antagonist potency, whereas prior experience with naloxone is not a necessary factor. The results provide additional support for the hypothesis that the development of dependence on opiates is a progressive phenomenon that may begin with a single dosing.
Memory, emotional processing, and anxiety: A critique

This article explores evidence for an emotional processing view of the role of memory in anxiety disorders. It is argued that Lang (1977) and Foa and Kozak’s (1985) emotional processing hypothesis is adequate to account for mechanisms involved in most anxiety syndromes, but is less suitable for explaining persistent fear behavior in Panic Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. An alternative explanation for these disorders is provided.
Migrations in a Polysilyl Complex of Rhodium. Trapping of an Apparent Silylene Intermediate and Observation of Reversible Si−Si Bond Reductive Elimination

Reaction of (Me3P)3RhCl with (THF)3LiSi(SiMe3)3 in the presence of 2-butyne or diphenylacetylene generates (Me3P)2(Me3Si)RhSiMe2C(R)C(R)SiMe(SiMe3) (1, R = Me; 2, R = Ph). These complexes undergo a...
The effect of gamma irradiation on color center formation in optical polymers

Both poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene show significant discoloration after exposure to 10 MRad gamma radiation. This discoloration recovers partially with time. The transmission spectra of poly(hexyl methacrylate) and poly(n-decyl styrene) exhibit a slight permanent UV absorption after irradiation. In these low T g polymers however, there were no observable temporary discoloration seen in their high T g counterparts. It is thought that annealable color centers which are formed during irradiation can combine with one another or with oxygen to yield a colorless quenched product
Is the baby just spitting? Consideration of the gastroesophageal reflux.

“My baby spits up so often.” This complaint is frequently heard during well child visits. Usually, spitting is not a worrisome problem for parents, infants, or health care providers. In certain cases, however, spitting may be a symptom of underlying gastrointestinal pathology. Therefore, it is the “well baby caretaker” who determines for which patients spitting requires a more extensive workup. One cause of spitting and vomiting in infants and children is gastroesophageal reflux (GER).
The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle

Abstract Sophisticated technology is increasingly replacing human minds to perform complicated tasks in domains ranging from medicine to education to transportation. We investigated an important theoretical determinant of people's willingness to trust such technology to perform competently—the extent to which a nonhuman agent is anthropomorphized with a humanlike mind—in a domain of practical importance, autonomous driving. Participants using a driving simulator drove either a normal car, an autonomous vehicle able to control steering and speed, or a comparable autonomous vehicle augmented with additional anthropomorphic features—name, gender, and voice. Behavioral, physiological, and self-report measures revealed that participants trusted that the vehicle would perform more competently as it acquired more anthropomorphic features. Technology appears better able to perform its intended design when it seems to have a humanlike mind. These results suggest meaningful consequences of humanizing technology, and also offer insights into the inverse process of objectifying humans.
Trust and the Development of Distributed Leadership.

This article examines the relationship between trust and the development of distributed leadership. It presents a theoretical argument with supporting evidence from longitudinal fieldwork examining...
Armstrong and the Superheterodyne: A Historical Look at the Mixer

It is difficult to pinpoint the invention of the mixer. Although the superheterodyne receiver was invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong around 1918, the use of heterodyne techniques began much earlier, and a crude modulator, arguably a sort of mixer, existed in 1906. Thus, we are currently at a soft 100-year anniversary of the mixer, so it seems like a good time to look back at that technology to see how it arose. It's a good story.
Lattice Symmetry and Identification— The Fundamental Role of Reduced Cells in Materials Characterization

In theory, physical crystals can be represented by idealized mathematical lattices. Under appropriate conditions, these representations can be used for a variety of purposes such as identifying, classifying, and understanding the physical properties of materials. Critical to these applications is the ability to construct a unique representation of the lattice. The vital link that enabled this theory to be realized in practice was provided by the 1970 paper on the determination of reduced cells. This seminal paper led to a mathematical approach to lattice analysis initially based on systematic reduction procedures and the use of standard cells. Subsequently, the process evolved to a matrix approach based on group theory and linear algebra that offered a more abstract and powerful way to look at lattices and their properties. Application of the reduced cell to both database work and laboratory research at NIST was immediately successful. Currently, this cell and/or procedures based on reduction are widely and routinely used by the general scientific community: (i) for calculating standard cells for the reporting of crystalline materials, (ii) for classifying materials, (iii) in crystallographic database work (iv) in routine x-ray and neutron diffractometry, and (v) in general crystallographic research. Especially important is its use in symmetry determination and in identification. The focus herein is on the role of the reduced cell in lattice symmetry determination.
The effect of post-injury depression on return to pre-injury function: a prospective cohort study.

Background—Millions of people seek emergency department care for injuries each year, the majority for minor injuries. Little is known about the effect of psychiatric co-morbid disorders that emerge after minor injury on functional recovery. This study examined the effect of post-injury depression on return to pre-injury levels of function. Method—This was a longitudinal cohort study with follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury: 275 adults were randomly selected from those presenting to the emergency department with minor injury; 248 were retained over the post-injury year. Function was measured with the Functional Status Questionnaire. Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV-TR disorders (SCID). Results—18.1% (95%CI 13.3 – 22.9) were diagnosed with depression during the post-injury year. Adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates, the depressed group was less likely to return to pre-injury levels of activities of daily living (OR 8.37, 95%CI 3.78 – 18.53) and instrumental activities of daily living (OR 3.25, 95%CI 1.44 – 7.31); less likely to return to pre-injury work status (OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.04 – 5.38); and were more likely to spend days in bed because of health (OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.15 – 5.07).
Are higher order statistics better for maximum entropy prediction in neural networks

Summary form only given, as follows. A neural network that generates probabilities of future events from its current neuronal states is investigated. It was hypothesized that neurons can compute a probability based on statistics stored at synapses using the maximum entropy inference method. In particular, the authors investigated the question of what kinds of statistics should be stored at synapses in order to make better predictions; lower or higher order statistics. To evaluate predictions based on two different sets of statistics, low-order statistics versus high-order statistics. Monte-Carlo simulations were run for a simple model network, and a performance measure, i.e., relative entropy, was calculated as an average across a large number of different neuronal environments. The simulations indicate that the lower-order statistics seem to make better predictions than the higher-order statistics for most of the environments in which neurons compute predictions. Implications of the results are considered in relation to the information processing in the brain. >
Improving the 510(k) FDA Process for Cardiac Troponin Assays: In Search of Common Ground

We met recently with the leadership of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's)6 Division of Chemistry and Toxicology Devices to discuss concerns about the heterogeneity of analytical and clinical protocols used in studies for clearance of cardiac troponin assays. We, as experts, are frequently asked to help with the evaluation of new cardiac troponin assays and are aware of variability between the specific protocols used, which are difficult to understand, but which likely reflect differences in the various companies' interpretations of what elements are mandated by the FDA. We advocated to the FDA the use of standardized study protocols to reduce complexity and permit better comparisons among methods and provided suggestions to achieve these goals. Attending from the FDA's Division of Chemistry and Toxicology Devices in the Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological Health were the Division Director, the Branch Chief of Cardio-Renal Devices, Medical Officers, and Reviewers. Although the FDA seemed supportive, it must be made clear that the opinions expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent those of the FDA. It was our impression that the FDA was in favor of uniform protocols, especially if developed by national organizations; they even expressed a willingness to participate. The FDA indicated, and we concurred, a need to evaluate protocols within the context of the sponsor's specific claims. The FDA leadership stated that it does not mandate the number of participants needed in a study, the specific criteria for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or approaches used in reference interval studies. Rather, the FDA emphasized that manufacturers should present properly designed and powered studies to support their claims. The FDA indicated that it will provide feedback on study design before study implementation. Our impression was that once a protocol is finalized, the FDA felt …
AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF DAGO

(1995). AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF DAGO. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 469-473.
SWEET AND SLOW: DIET CAN AFFECT LEARNING

During the past several years, there has been a concerted effort on the part of some to remove "junk foods" from school vending machines. Therman Evans (Canterbury 1978), a pediatrician and member of the Washington, D.C. board of education, was instrumental in a drive that banned the sale of these junk foods from Washington's schools. Many dentists are concerned about the incidence of dental caries among children who are persuaded by TV advertisements to eat sugary cereals and snacks. Researchers are increasingly blaming behavior problems of children on the sugar and additive overloads they get from junk foods (Gorisek 1978). People are becoming increasingly aware that the functions of the human body and, especially mental activity, depend on the kind and quality of foods we eat. Even though genetic endowment plays a very important part in mental development, nutritional deficiencies can bring about a variety of detrimental conditions (Cheraskin and Ringsdorf 1975). Brain cells need protein and vitamins to do their job well. A child's brain has two
Curve smoothing and transformations in the development of growth curves

Growth charts such as those published by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) consist of a set of smoothed percentile curves showing the distribution of different aspects of body size for infants, children, and adolescents. The original NCHS growth charts are currently being revised to incorporate additional national data, to include growth curves for body mass index (BMI, in kg/m 2 ), to reduce or eliminate dis- continuities, and to use new and improved methods of smoothing. Methods of curve smoothing in the development of growth curves are briefly discussed in the context of this revision by using examples based on the provisional data set for revision of the growth curves. Among the factors that may affect the construction of the revised growth curves are sample sizes, sampling weights, and secular trends. The use of BMI or other weight-height indexes in growth curves presents some new issues because these transformations of weight and height data do not increase monotonically with age. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of several different approaches to creating smoothed percentiles and standardized scores are discussed briefly. These effects need to be considered in the broader context of constructing growth curves. No single method of developing smoothed curves is clearly the best for all purposes, and estimates of overweight and underweight may be sensitive to the method chosen. Alternative approaches to constructing smoothed curves by using weight-height functions other than BMI might warrant further exploration. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70(suppl):163S-5S.
Hip pain in the paediatric age group - transient synovitis versus septic arthritis.

Hip pain, in the paediatric population, is a common complaint and a cause for admission. There are several diagnoses one has to keep in mind, when making the differential diagnosis, as the treatment for each can be quite different. Often, the radiographs obtained for these patients turn up normal. Hence one has to rely on clinical findings, laboratory parameters, and possibly an ultrasound investigation in order to clinch the diagnosis and initiate the appropriate treatment. Key Words Paediatric, hip, pain, normal radiographs
Geometric programming with multiplicative slack variables

A posynomial geometric programming problem formulated so that the number of objective function terms is equal to the number of primal variables will have a zero degree of difficulty when augmented by multiplying each constraint term by a slack variable and including a surrogate constraint composed of the product of the slack variables, each raised to an undetermined negative exponent or surrogate multiplier. It is assumed that the original problem is canonical. The exponents in the constraint on the product of the slack variables must be estimated so that the associated solution to the augmented problem, obtained immediately, also solves the original problem. An iterative search procedure for finding the required exponents, thus solving the original problem, is described. The search procedure has proven quite efficient, often requiring only two or three iterations per degree of difficulty of the original problem. At each iteration the well-known procedure for solving a geometric programming problem with a zero degree of difficulty is used and so computations are simple. The solution generated at each iteration is optimal for a problem which differs from the original problem only in the values of some of the constraint coefficients, so intermediate solutions provide useful information.
Incorporating Mother-Daughter Groups within Clinical Settings to Increase Adolescent Females' Self-Esteem:

Risky adolescent behaviors, such as violence, teenage pregnancy, and substance abuse, have caused a national crisis throughout the United States. The research on adolescent development and familial relations has suggested that open, communicative relationships between parents and adolescents can reduce the likelihood of teenagers'involvement in unsafe behaviors, while building up their self-esteem. Research on parent-child relationships has also indicated that parents are identified by their teenagers as having the most influence on adolescents' feelings about themselves, followed by peers, siblings, grandparents, and other relatives. For example, quality relationships with parents significantly affect adolescents' general well-being and mental health. Using an object-relational framework, this article focuses specifically on ways to develop mother-daughter therapy groups to increase teenagers' self-esteem development and the maintenance of open, supportive relationships with their parents.
Overlay mesh construction using interleaved spanning trees

In this paper we evaluate a method of using interleaved spanning trees to compose a resilient, high performance overlay mesh. Though spanning trees of arbitrary type could be used to construct an overlay mesh, we focus on a distributed algorithm that computes k minimum spanning trees on an arbitrary graph. The principal motivation behind this strategy is to provide applications with a k-redundant, high quality mesh suitable for demanding applications like A/V broadcast, video conferencing, data collection, multi-path routing, and file mirroring/transfer. We elaborate details of k-MST, pointing out advantages and potential problem points of the protocol, and then analyze its performance using a variety of metrics with simulation as well as a functional PlanetLab implementation.
The presence of an inhibitor of human skin collagenase in the roots of healthy and periodontally diseased teeth: changes that occur with age.

The amount of anti-collagenase in the root has been reported in a group 18 to 35 years of age. Healthy roots had more than the diseased; and apical more than the cervical. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of age on these values. In a group 50 to 92 years of age, all values were markedly higher than in the younger group. In addition, all relationships between values were preserved. These include location and presence of disease. The higher levels might be due to an aging process or a protective defense against collagenase in the gingival crevice. J Periodontol 1993; 64:363–365.
Relationships among invasive common carp, native fishes and physicochemical characteristics in upper Midwest (USA) lakes

Common carp Cyprinus carpio is a widespread invasive species that, in high abundance, can impose numerous deleterious effects in aquatic ecosystems. Common carp increase turbidity and nutrient availability while reducing invertebrate prey resources and aquatic macrophytes, transforming shallow lakes from the clear- to turbid-water state. However, potential effects of common carp on native fish communities have received limited attention. We evaluated the relationships among relative abundances of nine native fishes and common carp for 81 lakes in eastern South Dakota and their associated physicochemical characteristics. Inverse threshold relationships among relative abundances of native fishes and common carp were identified for black bullhead Ameiurus melas, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, white bass Morone chrysops and northern pike Esox lucius, while marginally significant relationships were detected for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and smallmouth bass M. dolomieu. Lakes where common carp relative abundance exceeded 0.6 fish per net night had low abundance of native fishes, whereas lower abundance of common carp resulted in variable abundance of native fishes. Lakes with abundance of common carp surpassing 0.6 fish per net night were also characterised by larger surface areas and watersheds and impaired water quality (higher dissolved solids and chlorophyll a concentrations and lower secchi depth). Our results are consistent with the biotic-abiotic constraining hypothesis that proposes biotic factors can regulate fish populations regardless of abiotic conditions. Thus, common carp abundance may need to be reduced and sustained below ecological thresholds to improve water quality and increase abundance of native fishes.
Supplier Competition, Uncertainty and Make or Buy Decisions

The article provides information on the make-or-buy decisions involved in a buyer-seller relationship. Information is presented about contracting cost and market competition. A discussion is presen...
Materials Discovery by Crystal Growth

The growth of new phases out of high temperature hydroxide solutions as a means of discovering new materials is discussed. We have succeeded in solubilizing rare earth cations and platinum group metal cations in molten hydroxides and have grown single crystals with a large number of new compositions and new structure types. The use of sealed silver tubes has enabled us to control the water content and, hence, the acidity of the hydroxide melts, and thereby to grow crystals via slow cooling. The synthetic conditions and structures of several new oxides including Ln 1-xNa1+xIrO4 (Ln = Gd-Er, Y; x = 0.04-0.26), Ln3RuO7 (Ln = La, Sm, Eu), LnNaPd6O8 (Ln = Tb-Lu, Y) and La9RbIr4O24 are presented.
Risk aversion in belief-space planning under measurement acquisition uncertainty

This paper reports on a Gaussian belief-space planning formulation for mobile robots that includes random measurement acquisition variables that model whether or not each measurement is actually acquired. We show that maintaining the stochasticity of these variables in the planning formulation leads to a random belief covariance matrix, allowing us to consider the risk associated with the acquisition in the objective function. Inspired by modern portfolio theory and utility optimization, we design objective functions that are risk-averse, and show that risk-averse planning leads to decisions made by the robot that are desirable when operating under uncertainty. We show the benefit of this approach using simulations of a planar robot traversing an uncertain environment and of an underwater robot searching for loop-closure actions while performing visual SLAM.
Recent progress in understanding the natural and clinical histories of the Marfan syndrome

Over the past 4 decades, remarkable progress in understanding the cause, pathogenesis, and management of the MFS has led to an increase in life expectancy to near normal for most patients. Accompanying this increased life span has been the emergence of previously rare or unanticipated clinical problems. Despite much more detailed knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and tissue effects of a mutation in FBN1, targeted, effective therapy remains elusive. Until such precision medicine takes hold, management will depend on early diagnosis, regular scrutiny by imaging, chronic β-blockade, and perhaps ARBs, and prophylactic cardiothoracic surgery. Without question, MFS will remain a fertile subject for basic, translational, and clinical research for the foreseeable future.
3-O-sulfation provides high affinity binding to neuropilin-1 and modulates endothelial cell sprouting and neuronal growth cone collapse (607.7)

Heparan sulfate structural heterogeneity is driven, in part, by the placement of sulfate groups at various positions in the polysaccharide. While many ligands bind to heparan sulfate without strict requirements for the positions of sulfate groups, binding of a small number of known ligands is influenced by the presence of a sulfate at the C3 position of a glucosamine residue. In mammals, seven enzymes can catalyze the addition of 3-O-sulfate groups, suggesting the possibility of other, previously unidentified, ligands whose binding is influenced by 3-O-sulfated sequences. To identify these ligands, affinity matrices were created using CHO-S heparan sulfate, with and without modification by recombinant 3-O-sulfotransferases. Serum was fractionated on the matrices and several proteins binding specifically to the 3-O-sulfated resins were identified by mass spectrometry. Neuropilin-1, a modulator of angiogenesis and axonal guidance, bound specifically to affinity matrices with 3-O-sulfation. In addition, high...
City–County Consolidations Promise Versus Performance

This essay explores city–county consolidations and the extent of alignment between the advantages promised by consolidation advocates and the performance of such government structures. Peer-reviewed research specifically bearing on city–county consolidations is presented together with supporting research on the consolidation of local governments in general. The performance of such consolidations is evaluated on three dimensions: efficiency in service delivery, promotion of economic development, and increased equity in terms of urban/suburban disparities and the impact on ethnic minority representation. The authors conclude that little empirical research exists to suggest that city–county consolidations actually increase efficiency, promote economic development, or increase equity.
Hegel and the Ontological Critique of Liberalism

Contemporary communitarians argue that a proper consideration of ontological questions of identity and community forecloses deontological liberalism as a viable option, since deontological liberalism cannot ground a sufficiently strong form of immediate identification with the ethical life of the community. Hegel's ethical theory constitutes perhaps the most fully realized account of such identification. Yet, I argue, Hegel's ethics does not require the strong form of immediate identification required by communitarians. My analysis emphasizes the strands in Hegel's account which suggest that a weaker form of identification, reconcilable with deontological liberalism, can plausibly ground a stable form of civil society. In particular, Hegel's notion of patriotic trust is designed to ground both a direct and a reflective relation between individuals and their ethical and political tradition. Hegel's analysis anticipates and offers insights to supplement recent accounts of trust as a form of social capital.
Complex Geometry Effects on Subsonic Cavity Flows.

The flow over aircraft bays are often represented using rectangular cavities; however, this simplification neglects many features of the actual flight geometry which could affect the unsteady pressure field and resulting loading in the bay. To address this shortcoming, a complex cavity geometry was developed to incorporate more realistic aircraft-bay features including shaped inlets, internal cavity variations, and doors. A parametric study of these features was conducted at subsonic Mach numbers. Increased higher frequency content and higher-amplitude fluctuations were found in the complex geometry that could produce severe loading conditions for stores carried within the bays. High-frequency content was generated by features that constricted the flow such as leading edge overhangs, internal cavity variations, and the presence of closed doors. Also, the Rossiter modes of the complex configurations were usually shifted in frequency from the simple rectangular cavity, and many modes had much higher amplitudes. Broadband frequency components measured at the aft wall of the complex cavities were also significantly higher than in the rectangular geometry. These changes highlight the need to consider complex geometric effects when predicting the flight loading of aircraft bays.
Sensor-Driven Condition-Based Generator Maintenance Scheduling—Part I: Maintenance Problem

Traditionally, generator maintenance scheduling has been implemented using highly conservative maintenance policies based on manufacturing specifications and engineering expertise on the type of generators. However, recent advances in sensor technology, signal processing, and embedded online diagnosis provide more unit-specific information on the degradation characteristics of the generators. In this two-paper study, we propose a new generation maintenance framework that integrates the sensor-driven predictive maintenance technologies with optimal maintenance scheduling models. In Part I, we propose a new mixed-integer optimization model for generation maintenance scheduling, which effectively incorporate the dynamic information of generators' health and maintenance cost provided by the Bayesian prognostic models. In Part II, we propose a framework that extends the maintenance model presented herein, and consider the effects of maintenance on network operation by coordinating generator maintenance schedules with the unit commitment and dispatch decisions. We introduce new reformulations and efficient algorithms for solving large-scale instances of the proposed maintenance scheduling model. Extensive computational studies using real-world degradation data demonstrates the effectiveness of the new framework.
Risk Analysis on Vibrio Parahaemolyticus in Portunus Trituberculatus

[Objective]To preliminarily explore microbial quantitative risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus related disease by means of simulated consumption of Portunus trituberculatus.[Methods]In accordance with risk assessment procedures recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission(CAC ),including hazard identification,hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization,combining with the results of exposure assessment model andβ-Poisson dose-response model,the risk of disease caused by crab consumption contaminated with V.parahaemolyticus was speculated. [Results]The risks caused by crab consumption contaminated with V.parahaemolyticus were 5.86×10~(-9) in winter,2.71×10~(-8) in spring,1.46×10~(-6) in summer,and 5.23×10~(-8) in autumn separately.Sensitivity analysis showed that storage temperature and V.parahaemolyticus concentration of crab on sale and other factors significantly correlated to the risk of the disease.When some control measures were taken,such as to reduce the retail storage temperature,and to extend the post-sales frozen time could significantly reduce the incidence of the diseases.[Conclusion]This study as an application of research on risk analysis in food-borne diseases surveillance,is a technical reference for the quantitative risk assessment.
Research on Lightning Performance of Quadruple Circuit Transmission Line with Dual Voltage 220/110kV on the Same Tower

The shielding failure tripout rate and back-flashover tripout rate on three 220/110kV segments of quadruple circuit lines on the same tower in 220kV double circuit transmission line from Pengcheng to Xintian in Shenzhen district are calculated. The influences of measures such as reducing shielding angle, adopting unbalanced insulation mode and installing line arresters on back-flashover tripout rate are analyzed. Some measures to decrease back-flashover tripout rate, such as reducing shielding angle to 0°, reducing the tower footing resistance to 10Ω, enhancing insulation level on one 110kV circuit and installing parallel gaps of insulators on another 110kV circuit, and installing line surge arrester on one partially shielded 110kV circuit located at the district with high soil resistivity or at the district where the lightning stroke often occurs, are proposed.
I Communicate, Therefore I Belong: Processes of Identification Among Organizational Representatives

Although research has explored employees’ organizational identification, few scholars have investigated liminal workers’ identification. This gap is problematic because nonmembers represent organiz...
Enhancing digestibility and ethanol yield of Populus wood via expression of an engineered monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase

Producing cellulosic biofuels and bio-based chemicals from woody biomass is impeded by the presence of lignin polymer in the plant cell wall. Manipulating the monolignol biosynthetic pathway offers a promising approach to improved processability, but often impairs plant growth and development. Here, we show that expressing an engineered 4-O-methyltransferase that chemically modifies the phenolic moiety of lignin monomeric precursors, thus preventing their incorporation into the lignin polymer, substantially alters hybrid aspens' lignin content and structure. Woody biomass derived from the transgenic aspens shows a 62% increase in the release of simple sugars and up to a 49% increase in the yield of ethanol when the woody biomass is subjected to enzymatic digestion and yeast-mediated fermentation. Moreover, the cell wall structural changes do not affect growth and biomass production of the trees. Our study provides a useful strategy for tailoring woody biomass for bio-based applications.
Helmet Mounted Display Layouts: Detection and Shooting Performance for Dismounted Operators

Head mounted displays (HMDs) are being explored as an alternative means of displaying relevant information to dismounted operators. The goal of this project was to examine different visual display concepts and evaluate participant’s attention allocation to information presented on their HMD. Additionally, their ability to detect potential threats in the environment was also evaluated. This information will help revamp the design of information displays for HMDs. The task in this study required participants to monitor their HMD for critical alerts and respond accordingly while also making shoot/no shoot decisions to threats in their environment. We hypothesized that as information is presented in different layouts on the HMD, it will reduce the participants’ ability to detect real world events. Accuracy of the shoot/no shoot decisions was collected along with accuracy of detection of information on the HMD. We found that shooting performance was not affected between the three HMD layouts however informatio...
The Risks of Measuring Risk

The Thirteenth Rochester International Conference on Environmental Toxicity examined both the logical soundness of the inference of risk and the validity of the experimental evidence of damage. Examples were drawn from current research by the participants on environmental hazards of toxic chemicals and ionizing radiation. Contributions by twenty-two researchers were grouped under six headings: — Statistical Inference of Risks — Risks of Prenatal Exposures — Risks of Contaminated Air and Drinking Water — Comparative Risks of Energy Sources — Genetic and Cancer Hazards — Extrapolation to Low Doses
Beyond the effective mass approximation: A predictive theory of the nonlinear optical response of conduction electrons

We present an experimental and computational study of the nonlinear optical response of conduction electrons to intense terahertz (THz) electric field. Our observations (saturable absorption and an amplitude-dependent group refractive index) can be understood on the qualitative level as the breakdown of the effective mass approximation. However, a predictive theoretical description of the nonlinear THz propagation has been missing. We propose a model based on the semiclassical electron dynamics, a realistic band structure, and the free electron Drude parameters to accurately calculate the experimental observables in InSb. Our results open a path to modeling of the conduction-electron optical nonlinearity that governs the THz propagation in semiconductors.
Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV and syphilis infection in first-time blood donors at queen savang vadhana memorial hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, during 2007-2011

Objective: To assess the prevalence of infectious disease markers in first time blood donors, at Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Chonburi province in the East of Thailand during 2007 through 2011. Materials and Methods: A retrospective data of first-time blood donors donated blood in the hospital during January 2007 to December 2011 was reviewed. All samples were screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti- HIV, HIV Ag and Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR). Results: During the year 2007 through 2011, the total number of the first time blood donors was 5,715. Female and male were voluntary donors with a similar ratio, consisting of 52 % males and 48 % females of which 44.1% were young donors, age between 21-30 years old. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV, HIV Ag) and syphilis (RPR) were 3.3%, 0.9%, 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV infection in 2007 and 2008 was significantly higher than those of other years ( p <0.05). There was no signifi cantly diff erence in the prevalence of HCV, HIV and syphilis infections. Male donors had higher prevalence of all markers than female. However, only HBV infection was significantly different ( p <0.05). No blood donor was tested positivity for HIV Ag. Conclusion: These data revealed basic information on the prevalence of blood transmissible diseases in Chonburi province. It would be useful for strategic planning and giving education for prevention of blood and sexual transmitting diseases to blood donors, general population at all age group including school children.
America’s First Cosmonauts: Reflections on the Human Cost of Shuttle-Mir

ABSTRACTShuttle-Mir, the joint space exploration effort between NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), faced a wide variety of challenges throughout its five-year run between 1993 and 1998. These included institutional differences, high costs to both the American and Russian governments, and poor public reception. The focus herein is on the personal reflections and experiences of American men and women who participated directly in the program: the seven Shuttle-Mir astronauts from the United States. These men and women joined an unprecedented exchange in which they had to train for and serve aboard a foreign space station for extended periods of time. This article utilizes archival records, official oral histories, and personal memoirs to outline three specific challenges faced in common by all of the U.S. astronauts. Primarily, they had to master both the everyday and technical intricacies of the Russian language, live in Russia during the post-Soviet economic collapse, and adapt to new i...
Investigation of the electrostatic and hydration properties of DNA minor groove-binding by a heterocyclic diamidine by osmotic pressure

Previous investigations of sequence-specific DNA binding by model minor groove-binding compounds showed that the ligand/DNA complex was destabilized in the presence of compatible co-solutes. Inhibition was interpreted in terms of osmotic stress theory as the uptake of significant numbers of excess water molecules from bulk solvent upon complex formation. Here, we interrogated the AT-specific DNA complex formed with the symmetric heterocyclic diamidine DB1976 as a model for minor groove DNA recognition using both ionic (NaCl) and non-ionic cosolutes (ethylene glycol, glycine betaine, maltose, nicotinamide, urea). While the non-ionic cosolutes all destabilized the ligand/DNA complex, their quantitative effects were heterogeneous in a cosolute- and salt-dependent manner. Perturbation with NaCl in the absence of non-ionic cosolute showed that preferential hydration water was released upon formation of the DB1976/DNA complex. As salt probes counter-ion release from charged groups such as the DNA backbone, we propose that the preferential hydration uptake in DB1976/DNA binding observed in the presence of osmolytes reflects the exchange of preferentially bound cosolute with hydration water in the environs of the bound DNA, rather than a net uptake of hydration waters by the complex.
International strategies of family firms: An institution-based approach

In the current literature, there are seemingly incompatible predictions about the benefits and costs of internationalization for family firms. Using a socio- emotional wealth frame, loss-averse fam...
Climate-Related Insecurity, Loss and Damage

AbstractThe harms of climate change are deeply uncertain. Though climate change will render most individuals more vulnerable to harm, many individuals will not actually suffer climate-related harms (or will suffer only minor harms). In this paper, I argue that vulnerability to harms is itself a harm, because it undermines our enjoyment of the good of security. After some brief remarks on the concept of security, I give three reasons for thinking that depriving an individual of the security of basic goods harms them: (i) it has a strong contingent connection to fear and anxiety, (ii) it directly undermines their ability to make reasonable plans, and (iii) security may reasonably be valued as an end in itself. This suggests that one of our goals in determining climate policy ought to be mechanisms which ensure the security of basic goods.
Photosynthesis in Wheat at the Grain Filling Stage Is Altered by Larval Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Injury and Reduced Water Availability

The impact of larval feeding by wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), and reduced water availability on the photosynthesis and primary metabolism of wheat, Triticum aest...
Know the Literature (Worksheet A)

The first step in a research project is a thorough review of the literature related to your project. Here the purpose is to understand the state of the science and continue scientific inquiry based on that understanding. Worksheet A offers a structured format for recording relevant information (based on the PIO MM) from published articles. The result of Worksheet A is a “literature matrix” around the intervention effectiveness, quality improvement, or program evaluation problem of interest. After completing Worksheet A, the reader will have a ready resource for completing Worksheets B–F—information that will underlie and support all aspects of the study.
A New Moral Vision: Gender, Religion, and the Changing Purposes of American Higher Education, 1837–1917, : by Andrea L. Turpin, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016, 352 pp., $47.91 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-1501704789.

Faith, within both the curricular and extracurricular, has held a historic emphasis since the birth of higher education in the nation—an emphasis that looks quite different on many private and publ...
Framing the process of innovating: contested meanings at the nexus of prototype

The literature in innovation recognises the tensions and trade-offs that are inherent in the process of innovation. Since innovations primarily occur at cross-disciplinary boundaries, paradoxically these boundaries are also a source of tensions in the process of cross-disciplinary collaboration during the process of innovation. While boundary objects play a crucial role to serve as bridges, we have very limited understanding on how and why boundary objects function as a source of conflict and misunderstandings. In this paper, we try to unpack the potentially conflictual nature of boundary objects by illustrating that boundary objects enable the individuals to realise their frame of analyses, which may compete with another's. We examine a case study of a workplace redesign at a large private university in the Mid-West USA, and examine how these different stakeholders attach different meanings, and therefore contribute to the tensions of the new workplace design. Findings offer implications for governing the innovation process.
Robust Discrete-Time Adaptive Control

This paper proposes a discrete-time model reference adaptive control algorithm which is robust with respect to additive plant uncertainties. The algorithm employs the same controller structure as in [1] but a different adaptive law for adjusting the controller parameters. If the plant uncertainty is “small” the algorithm guarantees the boundedness of all signals in the adaptive loop and “small” residual tracking errors for any bounded initial conditions. In the absence of plant uncertainties the algorithm guarantees zero residual tracking errors.