cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empirical Study on the Impact of a Tactical Biosurveillance Information Visualization on Users' Situational Awareness.

ABSTRACTDecisions on antibiotic-resistant infection (ARI) prevention in dynamic health care settings should be agile and target the right process at the right time. Health information technologies can aid the recognition of high-risk situations for ARI transmission and timely facilitate operators' situational awareness (SA) in various military and civilian health care locations or transport platforms. High SA is one of the significant predictors of better performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the developed health information visualization (VIZ) on the users' SA regarding situations when risks of ARI transmission and exposure are high. The enrolled 19 subjects assessed the proposed VIZ artifacts representing 1 scenario, compared the VIZ effectiveness against the currently employed local methods, and reported their SA (perception and comprehension) with the use of a pre- and post-self-rating questionnaire. The results showed that the VIZ significantly increased SA in the stu...
Experiences of women who participated in a beta-test for an online-streamed yoga intervention after a stillbirth.

BACKGROUND Little is known about how to best care for mothers after stillbirth. As such, this paper will report the satisfaction and perceptions of an online yoga intervention (12-week beta test) in women after stillbirth. METHODS Participants (n=74) had a stillbirth within the last 24-months (M time since loss 9.65 ± 6.9 months). Post-intervention satisfaction surveys and interviews and dropout surveys were conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey responses and demographic information. A phenomenological approach was used to explore and understand unique experiences of participant interviews. Data were analyzed using NVivo10. RESULTS Twenty-six women (M age 33.73 ± 4.38) were completers (> 3 wks of yoga), 26 (M age 31.82 ± 4.13) were non-completers (< 3 wks of yoga), and 22 (M age 32.94 ± 2.93) dropped out. Twenty completers participated in a post-intervention satisfaction survey with 75% (n=15) reporting being very satisfied or satisfied with the online yoga intervention, found it to be very enjoyable or enjoyable, and very helpful or helpful to cope with grief. Satisfaction and perceptions of the intervention in those who completed an interview (n=12) were clustered around the following themes: benefits, barriers, dislikes, satisfaction, and preferences. Of the 22 dropouts, 14 completed a dropout survey. Women withdrew from the study due to pregnancy (n=3, 21%), burden (n=3, 21%), stress (n=2, 14%), lack of time (n=2, 14%), did not enjoy (n=1, 7%), and other (n=3, 21%). CONCLUSION Findings here may be used to help design future research.
Moral Responsibility and History: Problems with Frankfurtian Nonhistoricism

This article examines the nonhistoricist higher-order compatibilist theory of moral responsibility devised and defended by Harry G. Frankfurt. Intuitions about certain kinds of cases of moral responsibility cast significant doubt on the wide irrelevancy clause of the nonhistoricist feature of Frankfurt’s theory. It will be argued that, while the questions of the nature and ascription of moral responsibility must be separated in doing moral responsibility theory, the questions of whether or not and the extent to which an agent is morally responsible for performing certain kinds of actions cannot be settled without also answering the question of the history of that agent’s attitudes, preferences, etc. which may have contributed to the agent’s performing such actions. Thus Frankfurt’s repeated claim that the history of an agent’s action is “irrelevant” to the question of that agent’s moral responsibility for it is rendered dubious, thereby rendering problematic the strongly nonhistoricist component of his theory. The methodological difference between my challenge to Frankfurt’s nonhistoricism and those of others is that, while others have challenged Frankfurt’s nonhistoriciams by way of thought experiments involving hyper-manipulation, mine presents a set of counter-examples to his nonhistoricism which emanate from morality and the law. Indeed, if my counter-example is plausible, then Frankfurt’s nonhistoricism cannot make good sense of some standard instances of racism. Furthermore, while many believe that racist hate crimes ought to be punished more heavily than crimes committed absent hate, the argument herein provides reasons for mitigating, rather than increasing, the responsibility and punishments of many such crimes. What matters in such cases is the extent to which the hatred accompanying said crimes has a history in the agent’s life, one which makes it significantly difficult for her to do other than what she did in committing the racist crime.
Designs for Evaluating Behavior Change

Documenting and evaluating the efficacy of procedures to change behavior is a hallmark of behavior therapy and applied behavior analysis. Psychologists trained in behaviorally oriented programs are taught to empirically evaluate their treatments and make treatment decisions based on empirical data. This is not to say that all behavior therapists function as researchers. Malott (1992) suggested that there are two categories of behavior analysts based on the goals and requirements of one’s job: researchers and practitioners. Researchers are primarily interested in manipulating independent variables and observing their unique effects on dependent variables using tight experimental control. Practitioners are more interested in implementing a treatment program and bringing the dependent variable into acceptable ranges very quickly rather than isolating the unique effects of an independent variable. These two goals, while differing in detail and methodological rigor, are based on the same principle: data based, empirical evaluation of treatment effects or outcomes. Some may allude to the former as “applied research” and to the latter as “program evaluation.” Most behavior therapists/analysts would probably agree that collecting data on treatment outcomes is one of the most important aspects of the entire behavior change process.
Sustainability Across Generations: Family Influences on a Proactive Environmental Strategy

The paper reports 12 comparative case studies in the Canadian winery industry that compares family owned, corporate and single owner firms. The study concludes that strategic decision-making and re...
Marginalized girls’ gendered experiences within a constructivist afterschool program (REACH)

Gender in physical education (PE) traditionally enacts discourses of hegemonic masculinities where girls are frequently positioned as the ‘problem’ regarding their disengagement. The purpose of thi...
Abstract TMP73: Early Neurological Improvement: A Search for a Definition

Background: Early neurological improvement (ENI) is a metric that has been increasingly used to prognosticate favorable long-term clinical outcome following emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) t...
Thermal stability for Te-based devices

Tellurium (Te) has recently been rediscovered as an attractive semiconducting material for a wide range of electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, thermal instability of Te-based devices has not been investigated and introduces major drawbacks for their practical applications. Toward this goal, this work explores the influence of annealing temperatures on Te transistors and their two failure mechanisms, related to the sublimation of the Te channel and the degradation of the contacts. To overcome these challenges, we fabricated a Te device that is graphene-contacted and SiOx-encapsulated such that the Te channel and the contacts remain intact and stable at high temperatures. The device exhibits an effective mobility of ∼50 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is comparable to traditional metal-contacted Te transistors. The traditional Te devices have performance degradation with increasing temperature and failure at 200 °C. Through the graphene contact and SiOx encapsulation, our device shows improved thermal stability despite the repeated annealing processes for temperatures up to 250 °C, making it suitable for practical use.
Epidemiology of cardiac or orthopedic procedures in gout versus rheumatoid arthritis: a national time-trends study.

Aims:To examine the secular trends in the number and rates of in-hospital cardiac and orthopedic procedures in people with gout and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the United States (US) general pop...
Factor or Network Model? Predictions From Neural Networks

The nature of associations between variables is important for constructing theory about psychological phenomena. In the last decade, this topic has received renewed interest with the introduction of psychometric network models. In psychology, network models are often contrasted with latent variable (e.g., factor) models. Recent research has shown that differences between the two tend to be more substantive than statistical. One recently developed algorithm called the Loadings Comparison Test (LCT) was developed to predict whether data were generated from a factor or small-world network model. A significant limitation of the current LCT implementation is that it's based on heuristics that were derived from descriptive statistics. In the present study, we used artificial neural networks to replace these heuristics and develop a more robust and generalizable algorithm. We performed a Monte Carlo simulation study that compared neural networks to the original LCT algorithm as well as logistic regression models that were trained on the same data. We found that the neural networks performed as well as or better than both methods for predicting whether data were generated from a factor, small-world network, or random network model. Although the neural networks were trained on small-world networks, we show that they can reliably predict the data-generating model of random networks, demonstrating generalizability beyond the trained data. We echo the call for more formal theories about the relations between variables and discuss the role of the LCT in this process.
The Effect of Parkinson’s Disease on the Speech Production of a Saudi Patient When Speaking his Second Language

This study focuses on the second language production difficulties of a Saudi PD patient. From a recorded conversational speech sample, voice, sentence structure, choice of words, and other language features were assessed. The main objective of the study is to understand the actual language deficits of a Saudi PD patient when speaking his second language, English. The result of the study shows that speech production in the PD patients is moderately impaired.
Supporting Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Interventions for Individuals With Complex Communication Needs via Telepractice: A Tutorial

Purpose People who experience complex communication needs often benefit from interventions involving augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, barriers often prevent people from ac...
Gestational Weight Gain and Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes for Pregnancies Complicated by Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between excess and less than recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with pregestational and gestational diabetes. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a secondary analysis of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Consortium on Safe Labor (CSL) study. We included deliveries >23 weeks of nonanomalous singletons with either pregestational or gestational diabetes. The exposure was GWG greater than or less than compared with the U.S. Institute of Medicine recommendations for total pregnancy weight gain per prepregnancy body mass index. Consistent with the 2020 Delphi outcome for diabetes in pregnancy, maternal outcomes included cesarean delivery and preeclampsia and neonatal outcomes included small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia >4,000 g, preterm birth <37 weeks, stillbirth, and neonatal death. We modeled both absolute GWG and GWG z-scores, standardized for gestational duration. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, parity, prior cesarean delivery, chronic hypertension, tobacco use, U.S. region, and delivery year. RESULTS Of 8,322 deliveries (n = 8,087 women) complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes, 47% were in excess, 27% were within, and 26% were less than GWG recommendations. Deliveries with excess absolute GWG were at higher adjusted odds of cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, LGA, and macrosomia, compared with those within recommendations. Similar results were observed when using standardized GWG z-scores, in addition to higher likelihood of preterm birth and neonatal death. Less than recommended GWG was associated with a lower likelihood of these adverse outcomes but higher SGA. Additionally, less GWG by z-score was associated with a lower likelihood of stillbirth. CONCLUSION Excess GWG increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes for women with pregestational and gestational diabetes. Less GWG than recommended may decrease this risk. KEY POINTS · Understanding the impact of GWG modeled using both absolute and standardized measures is needed.. · Among pregnant women with diabetes, excess GWG was common and increased the risk of adverse outcomes and less than recommended GWG may decrease the risk of adverse outcomes, including stillbirth.. · Current recommendations may require revision for women with diabetes in pregnancy..
Decreased movement related to parasite infection in a diel migratory coral reef fish

Risk of infection by parasites may be an important contributing cause or consequence of animal movement patterns. The diel movement patterns of French grunt, a common Caribbean coral reef fish, are well documented and known to connect reef and seagrass habitat. In the northeastern Caribbean, French grunts are known to be infected by Anilocra haemuli, one of the largest and most conspicuous ectoparasitic isopods. Studies on Anilocra infection have demonstrated that infection reduces host swimming performance and condition and may alter host behavior. We tested predictions of the hypothesis that A. haemuli infection influences the movement patterns of host French grunt, specifically whether short-distance daytime movements and/or reef–seagrass migration at dusk was associated with infection. We conducted focal observations on infected and uninfected fish during both daytime resting and dusk migration periods. We also conducted daytime and nocturnal surveys in reef habitat, documenting changes in the proportion of infected individuals. We found that infected fish move significantly less than uninfected conspecifics during the day and observed 100 % of uninfected focal fish and 37.5 % of infected focal fish departing the reef during dusk. In reef habitat, the proportion of fish infected with Anilocra was also significantly greater at night compared to daytime. We suggest that A. haemuli infection alters host movement patterns and that parasitism may therefore indirectly influence trophic connectivity between reef and seagrass ecosystems.
The Human Agent, Behavioral Changes and Policy Implications

Publisher Summary Proponents of the Chicago school of thought perceive the human agent as completely rational. In their seminal article “A theory of rational addiction,” Becker and Murphy present a human agent who anticipates everything and chooses between two options as a function of their derived utility. The agent, in principle, knows he is going to become addicted because he is discounting the future, and discounting the future at the interest rate. There is a fundamental difference between the economic analysis—or the Chicago economic analysis—and what most psychologists feel to be the case. Psychologists and economists adopt very different perspectives of the mainsprings of behavior and decisions. Psychologists tend to take a retrospective view of the consequences of action. For example, looking at someone who began smoking at a young age, and suffering and regretting it later, psychologists would say that it was not worth it. This retrospective view of the whole arc stretches from the decision to the consequences. An economist's perspective is solely based on the point of decision. Theirs is a forward-looking perspective.
The Molar Behavior of Cells in Development

Metazoan development poses among the most severe epistimological problems confronted by scientists. The aim of this chapter is to sketch these issues; in the next chapter I will discuss two complementary, but still naive approaches to some of the major problems raised.
Allospecific CD154 + T-cytotoxic memory cells as potential surrogate for rejection risk in pediatric intestine transplantation.

Sindhi R, Ashokkumar C, Higgs BW, Gilbert PB, Sun Q, Ranganathan S, Jaffe R, Snyder S, Ningappa M, Soltys KA, Bond GJ, Mazariegos GV, Abu-Elmagd K, Zeevi A. Allospecific CD154 + T-cytotoxic memory cells as potential surrogate for rejection risk in pediatric intestine transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: 83–91. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Clinical end-points dictate large trial enrollments and exclude children with the rare intestine transplant procedure (ITx), who experience higher drug-related morbidity. We evaluate the novel rejection-risk parameter, allo-(antigen)-specific CD154 + TcMs (i) as surrogates for ACR using Prentice’s criteria, (ii) for association with immunosuppression targets to determine Fleming’s surrogate end-point designation, and (iii) as time-to-event end-point in a simulated comparison of alemtuzumab (NCT#01208337, n = 14) and rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (rATG, n = 16) among 30 children with ITx. CD154 + TcM were measured in MLR before, and at 1–60 and 61–200 days after ITx (NCT#01163578). CD154 + TcM correlate significantly with rejection severity (Spearman r = 0.685, p = 2.03E−5) and associate with biopsy-proven ITx rejection with sensitivity/specificity of 90%/84% independent of immunosuppressant. The rejection-risk threshold of CD154 + TcM resolves rapidly in 200-day follow-up (46 ± 20 vs. 158 ± 59 days, p = 0.009, K–M) with alemtuzumab, which demonstrates lower 90-day ACR incidence (50% vs. 69%, p=NS, Fisher’s exact), and is associated with accelerated prednisone minimization to ≤2.5 mg/day, compared with rATG (120 ± 28 vs. 180 ± 30 days, p = 0.027, K–M). As a surrogate end-point, time-to-rejection-risk resolution measured with CD154 + TcM portends 50% reduction in sample sizes in a simulated trial of alemtuzumab vs. rATG. Rejection-risk assessment with CD154 + TcM may enable informed immunosuppression minimization, and preliminary efficacy comparisons in pediatric ITx.
Multi-toroidal interconnects: using additional communication links to improve utilization of parallel computers

Three-dimensional torus is a common topology of network interconnects of multicomputers due to its simplicity and high scalability. A parallel job submitted to a three-dimensional toroidal machine typically requires an isolated, contiguous, rectangular partition connected as a mesh or a torus. Such partitioning leads to fragmentation and thus reduces resource utilization of the machines. In particular, toroidal partitions often require allocation of additional communication links to close the torus. If the links are treated as dedicated resources (due to the partition isolation requirement) this may prevent allocation of other partitions that could, otherwise, use those links. Overall, on toroidal machines, the likelihood of successful allocation of a new partition decreases as the number of toroidal partitions increases. This paper presents a novel ”multi-toroidal” interconnect topology that is able to accommodate multiple adjacent meshed and toroidal partitions at the same time. We prove that this topology allows connecting every free partition of the machine as a torus without affecting existing partitions. We also show that for toroidal jobs this interconnect topology increases machine utilization by a factor of 2 to 4 (depending on the workload) compared with three-dimensional toroidal machines. This effect exists for different scheduling policies. The BlueGene/L supercomputer being developed by IBM Research is an example of a multi-toroidal interconnect architecture.
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia initiated by catecholamine-induced ventricular tachycardia: A case report

The authors describe a patient who experienced recurrent wide-complex and narrow-complex tachycardias during exercise. Electrophysiologic testing in the resting state revealed dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia was inducible by ventricular premature stimulation but was always nonsustained, terminating with block in the anterograde slow pathway. During isoproterenol infusion, runs of ventricular tachycardia occurred frequently, and spontaneously initiated sustained AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Exercise testing also provoked ventricular tachycardia and sustained AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. The patient was effectively treated with a combination of atenolol and verapamil. This case is an unusual example of a catecholamine-induced arrhythmia, possibly due to triggered activity (exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia), initiating an arrhythmia due to reentry (AV nodal reentrant tachycardia).
Beyond Body Mass Index: Advantages of Abdominal Measurements for Recognizing Cardiometabolic Disorders.

Abstract Background The clinical recognition of cardiometabolic disorders might be enhanced by anthropometry based on the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD; also called "abdominal height") or waist circumference rather than on weight. Direct comparisons of body mass index (BMI, weight/height 2 ) with SAD/height ratio (SADHtR) or waist circumference/height ratio (WHtR) have not previously been tested in nationally representative populations. Methods Nonpregnant adults without diagnosed diabetes (ages 20-64 years; n = 3071) provided conventional anthropometry and supine SAD (by sliding-beam caliper) in the 2011-2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Population-weighted, logistic models estimated how strongly each anthropometric indicator was associated with 5 cardiometabolic disorders: Dysglycemia (glycated hemoglobin ≥5.7%), HyperNonHDLc (non-high-density-lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol ≥4.14 mmol/L, or taking anticholesteremic medications), Hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or taking antihypertensive medications), HyperALT (alanine transaminase ≥p75 [75th percentile, sex-specific]), and HyperGGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase ≥p75 [sex-specific]). Results After scaling each indicator, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) tended to be highest for SADHtR and lowest for BMI when identifying each disorder except dysglycemia. When SADHtR entered models simultaneously with BMI, the aORs for BMI no longer directly identified any condition, whereas SADHtR identified persons with HyperNonHDLc by aOR 2.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71-4.51), Hypertension by aOR 2.51 (95% CI, 1.22-5.15), HyperALT by aOR 2.89 (95% CI, 1.56-5.37), and HyperGGT by aOR 5.43 (95% CI, 3.01-9.79). WHtR competed successfully against BMI with regard to Dysglycemia, HyperNonHDLc, and HyperGGT. c-Statistics of SADHtR and WHtR were higher than those of BMI ( P Conclusions Among nonelderly adults, SADHtR or WHtR recognized cardiometabolic disorders better than did the BMI.
Studies of the effects of control bandwidth and dark-hole size on the HCIT contrast performance

We have carried out both theoretical and experimental studies of the sensitivity of dark hole contrast to the control bandwidth and dark-hole dimensions in high-contrast broadband stellar coronagraphy. We have evaluated the performance of DM actuator solutions in the presence of occulting mask defects using one to five 2%-wide bands spanning a 10% bandpass. We have also investigated the dependence of the HCIT contrast performance on the size of dark-hole area including large dark holes formed at the Nyquist limit of the DM.
Paradoxes of Asian Nationalism

Sweeping and remoulding Europe in the 19th Century, nationalism has swept on in equally revolutionary guise to remould Asia in the 20th, and is now penetrating Africa. In the study of its impact and development almost every aspect of human society is involved, positively or negatively, and at least every social science discipline has its part to contribute to the analysis of an exceedingly complex whole. In the Asia of today and of the recent past we have a whole series of new nations coining forward to assert their claims in the world. A laboratory has been made available in which we can observe and analyze the growth of nationalism, catch it in its earliest stages and trace it through to its maturity, as well as at least noting in passing the countervailing forces of the past and present. The raw material, vibrant with a new and dynamic life, is there for our taking, and it would be tragic if we were to let it slip through our fingers without gathering it and subjecting it to the closest possible investigation.
Somatostatin inhibits IGF-1 mediated induction of VEGF in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

Neovascularization stimulated by IGF-1 mediated induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the leading causes of blindness in humans. It plays a central role in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), neovascular glaucoma, exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinopathy of prematurity. Neovascularization is a multi-step process that involves complex interactions of a variety of mitogenic factors such as VEGF and IGF-I which are produced locally in the human eye by a variety of cells including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, retinal capillary pericytes, endothelial cells, Mueller cells and ganglion cells. We hypothesized that somatostatin would inhibit the IGF-1 signal transduction pathway in RPE cells, resulting in decreased VEGF production. We have observed expression of somatostatin receptor protein in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the human eye using immunohistochemistry and have confirmed expression of somatostatin receptors in cultured human RPE cells using reverse transcriptase-PCR. IGF-1 induced a dose dependent increase in IGF-1R phosphorylation and in VEGF mRNA levels in cultured human RPE cells. Somatostatin and octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, inhibited IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) phosphorylation and decreased VEGF production. Both IGF-1R phosphorylation and accumulation of VEGF mRNA were inhibited by physiological levels of somatostatin and octreotide (1 nM). These results demonstrate somatostatin and octreotide mediated attenuation of both IGF-1R signal transduction and VEGF mRNA accumulation via somatostatin receptor type 2 (sst2). Furthermore, these data suggest a rationale for the use of octreotide as a prophylactic and therapeutic option in disease states that cause ocular neovascularization.
Regulation of the basolateral potassium conductance of the Necturus proximal tubule.

Two methods, the measurement of the response of the basolateral membrane potential (V bl) of proximal tubule cells ofNecturus to step changes in basolateral K+ concentration, and cellular cable analysis, were used to assess the changes in basolateral potassium conductance (G K) caused by a variety of maneuvers. The effects of some of these maneuvers on intracellular K+ activity (a K ) were also evaluated using double-barreled ion-selective electrodes. Perfusion with 0mm K+ basolateral solution for 15 min followed by 45 min of 1mm K+ solution resulted in a fall in basolateral potassium (apparent) transference number (t K),V bl anda K . Results of cable analysis showed that total basolateral resistance,R b , rose. The electrophysiological effects of additional manipulations, known to inhibit net sodium reabsorption across the proximal tubular epithelium ofNecturus, were also investigated. Ouabain caused a fall int K accompanied by large decreases ina K andV bl. Lowering luminal sodium caused a fall int K and a small reduction inV bl. Selective reduction of peritubular sodium, a maneuver that has been shown to block sodium transport from lumen to peritubular fluid, also resulted in a significant decrease int K. These results suggest thatG K varies directly with rate of transport of the sodium pump, irrespective of the mechanism of change in pump turnover.
Grand unified model with a stable proton and no axion problem

Abstract We present a grand unified model of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions based on a local SU(8) L ×SU(8) R gauge theory which possesses a global U(8) L × U(8) R invariance. We break the symmetry down to the standard SU(3) C × SU(2) L × U(1) model, with the proton remaining stable and the left-handed neutrinos obliged to remain massless. A novel feature of our model is the simultaneous absence of both strong CP violations and of axions.
Network topology models for multihop wireless networks

A typical feature of huge, random network topologies is that they are too large to allow a fully detailed description. Such enormous, complex network topologies are encountered in numerous settings and have generated many research investigations. Well-known examples are the Internet and its logical overlay networks, such as the World Wide Web as well as online social networks. At the same time, extensive and rapidly growing wireless ad hoc and sensor networks also lead to hard topology modeling questions. In the current paper, we primarily focus on large, random wireless networks but also consider Web and Internet models. We survey a number of existing models that aim at describing the network topology. We also exhibit common generalizations of various sets of models that cover a number of known constructions as special cases. We demonstrate that higher levels of abstraction, despite their very general nature, can still be meaningfully analyzed and offers quite useful and unique help in solving certain hard networking problems. We believe that this research area can and will generate further significant contributions to the analysis of very large networks.
35-year-old woman with recurrent palpitations.

© 2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research A 35-year-old woman presented to the outpatient clinic with a 2-week history of episodic palpitations. She noted that each episode was abrupt in onset and would last approximately 1 to 2 hours before abating gradually. She denied chest pain, shortness of breath, and light-headedness and had no history of similar symptoms. The patient's medical and psychiatric history were unremarkable, and her only medication was an oral contraceptive (OC). She had been taking OCs since age 21 years and was currently taking 3 mg of drospirenone and 0.2 mg of ethinyl estradiol (Yasmin 28, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Wayne, NJ). The patient was a smoker and had smoked 1 pack of cigarettes per day since the age of 18 years. She denied alcohol or illegal drug use. On examination, the patient appeared comfortable and in no distress. Vital signs were as follows: temperature, 36.8oC; blood pressure, 135/95 mm Hg; heart rate (HR), 102 beats/min and regular; respiratory rate (RR), 18 breaths/min; and oxygen saturation (Spo 2 ), 91% while breathing room air. Cardiovascular examination revealed tachycardia but no murmurs, S 3 , or S 4 ; jugular venous pressure was normal. Pulmonary examination showed clear lung fields and no signs of effusion. The patient had no goiter, palpable thyroid nodules, or asymmetry. Findings on examination of the skin, eyes, extremities, neurologic system, and peripheral arterial systems were normal.
Update: physically intimate and sexual behavior on prime-time television, 1978-79.

The 1978-79 prime time television programming season was examined to determine the frequency and portrayal of sex and it was compared to the 2 previous seasons analyzed (1975 and 1977). 68 programs representative of the 1978-79 season were recorded directly off the air between the hours of 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. during a 2-week period beginning on October 1978. During the 1st week all regularly scheduled prime time drama crime/adventure situation comedy and variety prorams and movies broadcast by the 3 major networks (ABC CBS and NBC) were videotaped. During the 2nd week all regularly scheduled programming which had been preempted by sports events and specials the previous week were recorded. Thus the final sample included 1 week of the regularly scheduled prime time offerings of the 3 major networks plus 2 weeks of movies. The videotape of each program was coded independently by 2 of 9 trained coders 1 male and 1 female using the same formal coding scheme that had been used in the 1978 analysis. The original coding scheme included 12 categories of physically intimate and sexual behavior ranging from nonsexual interpersonal touching (e.g. handshakes) to affectionate displays (e.g. kissing) to typical sexual behaviors of references (e.g. flirtatious behavior verbal innuendo heterosexual intercourse). A new category was added sex education and romance which was comprised of verbal references to issues such as contraception pregnancy and going steady. The frequency of appearance of the least intimate behaviors (kissing and hugging) showed a gradual increase over the 3 sampled years. In contrast the frequency of occurrence of several of the controversial categories increased substantially. Specifically contextually implied intercourse from no weekly occurrences in 1975 to 15 in 1977 and 24 in 1978; sexual innuendos increased in frequency from about 1 reference/hour in 1975 to 7 in 1977 and to almost 11 in 1978. Direct verbal references to intercourse increased from 2 occurrences/week in 1975 to 6 references in 1977 and 53 in 1978. Only 3 categories showed a decrease in frequency since the 1977 analysis: nonaggressive touching physical suggestiveness and aggressive touching. Several of the discouraged sexual practice categories were rarely if ever coded in the 1977-78 analyses (e.g. incest pederosis exhibitionism fetishism and masturbation). There was a substantial increase in frequency for 2 categories: allusions to prostitution increased more than 4-fold and allusions to aggressive sexual contacts increased 3-fold from 1977 to 1978. For 2 categories transvestism/transsexualism and voyeurism there was a drop in frequency over the year.
Regulation of secretory protein expression in mature cells by DIMM, a basic helix-loop-helix neuroendocrine differentiation factor.

During differentiation, neuroendocrine cells acquire highly amplified capacities to synthesize neuropeptides to overcome dilution of these signals in the general circulation. Once mature, the normal functioning of integrated physiological systems requires that neuroendocrine cells remain plastic to dramatically alter neuropeptide expression for long periods in response to hormonal and electrical cues. The mechanisms underlying the long-term regulation of neuroendocrine systems are poorly understood. Here we show that the Drosophila basic helix-loop-helix protein DIMM, a critical regulator of neuroendocrine cell differentiation, controls secretory capacity in mature neurons. DIMM expression began embryonically but persisted in adults. Through spatial and temporal manipulation of transgene expression in vivo , we defined two phases of prosecretory DIMM activity. During an embryonic critical window, DIMM controlled the differentiation of amplified expression of the neuropeptide leucokinin. At the onset of metamorphosis, levels of DIMM decreased in the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in parallel with a marked reduction in levels of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 and a key neuropeptide biosynthetic enzyme peptidylglycine α-monooxygenase (PHM). Overexpression of DIMM in the IPCs prevented the decrease in PHM levels at this stage. In addition, transient overexpression of DIMM in adults produced a dramatic increase in PHM levels in numerous neurons located throughout the brain. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms controlling the maintenance of differentiated cell states, and they suggest an effective means for dynamically adjusting the strength of hormonal signals in diverse homeostatic systems.
Detection of integrins using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Integrins play an important role in the adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix and to other cells around them, more specifically fibronectin. The ultimate goal of this research is to detect these integrins on the surface of the cell with a combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) system coupled with a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system. For this paper the focus was on identifying whether SERS is capable of being used to generate a unique spectrum for integrins. This was done using silver colloidal particles and the integrins a5B1 and aVB3. It was shown that a unique spectrum could be identified for each of these integrins at the nanomolar level.
Vortex structure under pressure in a bose liquid

Abstract The Gross-Pitaevski equation is generalized to take into account the effects of pressure, both positive and negative, on the structure of vortices. Experiments are suggested which will help determine the density structure inside the vortex core.
Through the glass darkly: searching for safety signals in physiological monitoring.

Summary Perioperative monitoring of ventilation, gas exchange, heart rate, blood pressure, and other basic physiological measures give important information on the well-being of the child in the perioperative period. However, despite this level of surveillance, perioperative events that appear to be unheralded still occur. Improvements in alarms and alarm design combined with integrated analysis of monitored parameters that map to adverse outcomes may provide earlier warning of potential danger. Near real-time analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability can provide information on autonomic function and cardiac reserve, while devices such as tissue oximetry may be beneficial to optimize regional and global blood flow.
Curvature estimates for CMC surfaces in three dimensional manifolds

In this paper, we give curvature estimates for strongly stable CMC surfaces in complete three dimensional manifolds.
Geologic effects on groundwater salinity and discharge into an estuary

Summary Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be an important pathway for transport of nutrients and contaminants to estuaries. A better understanding of the geologic and hydrologic controls on these fluxes is critical for their estimation and management. We examined geologic features, porewater salinity, and SGD rates and patterns at an estuarine study site. Seismic data showed the existence of paleovalleys infilled with estuarine mud and peat that extend hundreds of meters offshore. A low-salinity groundwater plume beneath this low-permeability fill was mapped with continuous resistivity profiling. Extensive direct SGD measurements with seepage meters (n = 551) showed fresh groundwater discharge patterns that correlated well with shallow porewater salinity and the hydrogeophysical framework. Small-scale variability in fresh and saline discharge indicates influence of meter-scale geologic heterogeneity, while site-scale discharge patterns are evidence of the influence of the paleovalley feature. Beneath the paleovalley fill, fresh groundwater flows offshore and mixes with saltwater before discharging along paleovalley flanks. On the adjacent drowned interfluve where low-permeability fill is absent, fresh groundwater discharge is focused at the shoreline. Shallow saltwater exchange was greatest across sandy sediments and where fresh SGD was low. The geologic control of groundwater flowpaths and discharge salinity demonstrated in this work are likely to affect geochemical reactions and the chemical loads delivered by SGD to coastal surface waters. Because similar processes are likely to exist in other estuaries where drowned paleovalleys commonly cross modern shorelines, the existence and implications of complex hydrogeology are important considerations for studies of groundwater fluxes and related management decisions.
Leader prototypes and prototype-contingent consensus in leader behavior descriptions.

A categorization model of leader perception suggests that people process and retrieve social information in terms of preexisting cognitive schemata. As a result, memory-based descriptions of leader behavior are thought to be systematically biased by individual prototypes of leadership. While direct evidence of schematic retrieval is difficult to show unequivocally, a corollary hypothesis derived from the model suggests that a collection of behavioral descriptions of different leaders should be very similar due to the common intrusion of leader prototypes. The results of the present study, in fact, revealed a significant tendency for individuals (N = 60) with similar prototypes of leadership to describe the leader behavior of their supervisors in a similar fashion, even though none of the subjects interacted with the same supervisor. Moreover, consensual agreement in leader behavior descriptions was evident only when the subjects shared a common prototype (good or poor) which was consistent with the evaluative label (good leader/poor leader) ascribed to the supervisors. These results appear to be in full accord with the effects of cognitive categorization processes.
The Raid-6 Liber8Tion Code

Large centralized and networked storage systems have grown to the point where the single fault tolerance provided by RAID-5 is no longer enough. RAID-6 storage systems protect k disks of data with two parity disks so that the system of k + 2 disks may tolerate the failure of any two disks. Coding techniques for RAID-6 systems are varied, but an important class of techniques are those with minimum density, featuring an optimal combination of encoding, decoding and modification complexity. The word size of a code has an impact on both how the code is laid out on each disk's sectors and how large k can be. Word sizes which are powers of two are especially important, since they fit precisely into file system blocks. Minimum density codes exist for many word sizes with the notable exception of eight. This paper fills that gap by describing a new code called The RAID-6 Liber8tion Code for this important word size. The description includes performance properties as well as details of the discovery process.
A dose-response evaluation of spray-dried yeast cell wall supplementation of diets fed to adult dogs: effects on nutrient digestibility, immune indices, and fecal microbial populations.

': The yeast cell wall (YCW) preparation, Safmannan, was evaluated as a dietary supplement for adult dogs. Using a 5 x 5 Latin square design with 14-d periods, adult dogs cannulated in the terminal ileum were supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.45, or 0.65% YCW based on daily food allowance. Apparent ileal nutrient digestibility responded cubically (P = 0.07 to 0.10) to YCW supplementation. Ileal nutrient digestibility tended (P = 0.09) to be greater with YCW supplementation compared with control. Apparent total tract digestibility responded cubically (P < 0.05) to YCW supplementation. Total white blood cell and eosinophil counts tended (P < 0.09) to decrease quadratically with YCW supplementation, with the lowest counts at the 0.25% supplementation level, whereas monocyte counts decreased (P < 0.05) linearly with YCW supplementation. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentrations tended (P = 0.09) to respond cubically to YCW, with the lowest value at the 0.25% supplementation level. Ileal IgA tended (P < 0.09) to respond quadratically, with the greatest ileal IgA concentration at 0.25% YCW. Using serial dilution and plating enumeration techniques, fecal Escherichia coli concentrations decreased linearly (P = 0.01) with YCW supplementation, whereas Clostridium perfringens responded cubically (P = 0.09). Cubic trends were noted for E. coli (P = 0.10) and lactobacilli (P = 0.08) concentrations, as evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis. Total fecal DNA was most similar to the control treatment at 0.25% YCW. Although the effects on immunological indices appear limited, our results suggest that YCW supplementation in dogs at less than 1% may affect ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility, and the colonization of the gut by E. coli may be decreased.
Intractable wounds and infections: the role of impaired vascularity and advanced surgical methods for treatment.

Abstract Fracture nonunion, delayed union, and osteomyelitis remain serious problems with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Healing promoters, including bone morphogenic proteins, fibroblast growth factors, and transforming growth factor–β, regulate bone growth in experimental models, such as those employing a “critical gap” to establish nonunion, but have not been effective in clinical situations. This paradox may relate to the fact that such agents target cells, yet in the setting of a clinical nonunion or osteomyelitis, the affected area is frequently hypovascular and therefore deficient in target precursor cells. Wound healing is dependent on local tissue vascularity. Surgical procedures, such as local and remote tissue transfer, which are designed to modify this cell-deficient, poorly vascularized environment, have proved very successful but are often complex and costly. No simple pharmacologic means of upregulating such angiogenesis currently exists.
Graded response model based on the logistic positive exponent family of models for dichotomous responses

Samejima (Psychometrika 65:319–335, 2000) proposed the logistic positive exponent family of models (LPEF) for dichotomous responses in the unidimensional latent space. The objective of the present paper is to propose and discuss a graded response model that is expanded from the LPEF, in the context of item response theory (IRT). This specific graded response model belongs to the general framework of graded response model (Samejima, Psychometrika Monograph, No. 17, 1969 and No. 18, 1972; Handbook of modern item response theory, Springer, New York, 1997; Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, Academic Press, San Diego, 2004), and, in particular to the heterogeneous case (Samejima, Psychometrika Monograph, No. 18, 1972). Thus, the model can deal with any number of ordered polytomous responses, such as letter grades (e.g., A, B, C, D, F), etc.
Characteristics, Job Satisfaction, and Workplace Perceptions of Foreign-Born Faculty at Public 2-Year Institutions

Foreign-born faculty members in community colleges can serve as a valuable resource to their institutions’ growing internationalization efforts. This study uses the data from the 2004 National Study of Postsecondary Faculty to examine the characteristics, job satisfaction, and workplace perceptions of the foreign-born group of the professoriate at public 2-year institutions relative to their U.S.-born peers. Together with other minority faculty groups, foreign-born faculty members, with their diverse cultural and language backgrounds, can be instrumental in serving increasingly diverse student populations in community colleges nationwide. The findings of this study may help 2-year institutions more effectively attract and retain foreign-born faculty members and provide them with a rewarding and supportive workplace.