cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrence of lymphoma presenting as asymmetrically increased testicular activity on FDG-PET/CT.

65-year-old man with a history of recurrent lymphoma status-post matched sibling donor transplant presented with swelling of the right testicle. Four years earlier, he had presented with right leg swelling, night sweats, and pelvic pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed bulky rightsided pelvic adenopathy. Biopsy showed diffuse high-grade B-cell lymphoma. The remainder of the staging evaluation, including bone marrow biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, and gallium scan, showed no evidence of disease outside the pelvis. Chemotherapy and radiation achieved an initial complete response with resolution of the pelvic adenopathy, but the patient relapsed in the right maxillary region less than a year later. He then underwent intensive chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue and remained free of disease for nearly 2 years. However, he developed a mass over his left knee, and biopsy showed recurrent disease. Again, chemotherapy achieved a complete response. He then received a reduced-intensity matched sibling donor transplant from his sister. Tenmonthsafterthetransplant,hecomplainedofswelling of the right testicle. Ultrasound showed a solid mass. A positron emission tomography (PET)/CT study showed very intense uptake of FDG in the right testicle and no other sites of abnormal activity (Figs. 1 and 2). He underwent right orchiectomy, and pathology confirmed malignant lymphoma (Burkitt’s-like) with no evidence of spread outside the testicle.
The multimedia semantic web

This talk discusses our ideas on the importation of multimedia information into the semantic web paradigm and how the nature of multimedia data should cause this paradigm to undergo some interesting transformations.
Infrequent, task-irrelevant monetary gains and losses engage dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.

Abstract Decision making is commonly conceived to reflect the interplay of mutually antagonistic systems: executive processes must inhibit affective information to make adaptive choices. Consistent with this interpretation, prior studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is activated by executive processing and deactivated during emotional processing, with the reverse pattern found within the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC). To evaluate whether this pattern generalizes to other affective stimuli – here, monetary rewards – we modified the emotional oddball task to use behaviorally irrelevant reward stimuli, while matching analysis methods and task parameters to those of previous research. Contrary to the double-dissociation model advanced for emotional stimuli, we found that monetary stimuli produced activations within both the dlPFC and the vlPFC. This suggests that monetary stimuli are treated like affective stimuli by vlPFC but like task-relevant target stimuli by dlPFC. Our results suggest differential functional roles in affective and executive processing for these brain regions: the dlPFC supports contingency processing, while the vlPFC evaluates affective or conceptual information.
A hCXCR1 transgenic mouse model containing a conditional color-switching system for imaging of hCXCL8/IL-8 functions in vivo

To address the functions of human CXCL8 (hCXCL8)/IL-8 through hCXCR1 in vivo, we have developed a humanized, transgenic mouse for hCXCR1. This mouse line is versatile and allows for a variety of functional analyses using bioimaging, including Cre/loxP-mediated, tissue-specific hCXCR1 expression in a spatiotemporal manner; a color-switching mechanism, which uses spectrum-complementary, genetically encoded green and red fluorescence markers to label the hCXCR1-expressing cells [enhanced GFP (eGFP)] against the background [monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP)]; a bioluminescent marker, which is present in the hCXCR1-expressing cells; and an exogenous cell surface marker (eGFP moiety) in the hCXCR1-expressing cells, which facilitates identification, isolation, and targeting of these cells. The established, transgenic founder line RCLG3A (TG(+)) expresses only mRFP and does so ubiquitously. When the RCLG3A mice are crossed with the tamoxifen-inducible, whole-tissue Cre mice (ROSA26-Cre/Esr(+/-)), administration of tamoxifen induces whole-body hCXCR1 expression and color-switching. When RCLG3A mice are crossed with thymocyte-specific Cre mice (Lck-Cre(+/+)), the hCXCR1 expression and color-switching are restricted in a lineage-specific manner. This mouse line can be used to understand the functions of hCXCL-8 in vivo. In addition, our approach and vectors can be used to establish other tissue-specific, transgenic mice in conjunction with multifunctional cell markers, which facilitate cell imaging, tracing, and manipulation in vivo.
The intima: development and monoclonal responses to injury.

Most current concepts of the biology of atherosclerosis and restenosis are highly hypothetical, based on studies of the growth properties of medial smooth muscle cells. These cells are clearly different in many ways from intimal smooth muscle cells. Indeed, in a recent compilation of the literature, we found approximately 80 genes that show constitutive differences in expression levels between intimal versus medial smooth muscle cells [122]. An important example of the possible importance of the intimal cell may be the still poorly-understood mechanism in restenosis. If this process is not due to simple neointimal formation, it may well be the result of the remodeling properties of pre-existing intimal cells. Perhaps, like fibroblasts in skin, intimal cells respond to injury by forming and then contracting a scar. Unfortunately, the literature contains little evidence on the properties of intimal or plaque smooth muscle in any species except the rat. In part, this lack of cell culture data on human plaque smooth muscle cells reflects the short replicative life span of these cells. This phenomenon may reflect the high apoptotic rate of these cells; indeed, recent in vivo studies show extensive apoptosis in the plaque smooth muscle cells in tissue sections as well [123-125]. Finally, while the observation of monoclonality has been neglected in recent reviews, those data have been reproduced several times, including recently in this laboratory (Murry et al., unpublished data). Any competent hypothesis of atherosclerosis must account for monoclonality. As noted above, it is possible that monoclonality of the intima is a normal part of development of the intima. This is a critical hypothesis, since the alternatives, i.e., existence of a proliferative subset or benign transformation of plaque smooth muscle cells both imply unique properties of the plaque smooth muscle cell that would become prime targets in understanding the ontogeny of this most important vascular disease.
SORTing out lipid handling in atherosclerosis

An abnormal amount of lipids (dyslipidemia) and inflammation are risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis—the build-up of hard, fatty deposits in arteries. However, the direct mechanisms linking dyslipidemia with inflammation in atherogenesis remain elusive. Clinical genetics studies have identified SORT1 , the gene that encodes sortilin, as a contributor to LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Furthermore, SORT1 gene expression has been detected in macrophages, but the function is unknown. In a new study, Patel et al. establish sortilin’s role in macrophages as a mediator of LDL cholesterol uptake, foam cell formation, and a major contributor to atherogenesis. The authors used mouse models to establish sortilin’s macrophage-specific effects. Initially, the authors examined the effects of sortilin deficiency in mice with a humanized form of dyslipidemia. Sortilin deficiency dramatically reduced atherogenesis while having no effects on plasma cholesterol. Next, the authors confirmed that macrophage sortilin deficiency was responsible for the decrease in atherogenesis by transplanting the bone marrow of mice lacking Sort1 and/or the Ldl receptor into atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr -/- mice. The mice that received the cell transplant from Sort1/Ldlr -/- mice demonstrated a 69% reduction in aortic atherosclerotic lesions and a 34% reduction in aortic root lesion area while having no effects on plasma LDL cholesterol. To suggest a possible mechanism for the effect of sortilin deficiency on the role of macrophages in atherogenesis, Patel et al. looked at macrophages from both peritoneal and hematopoietic lineages and found that sortilin deficiency in both lineages decreased LDL cholesterol uptake while having no effect on additional macrophage properties. In summary, this study suggests that macrophage sortilin deficiency protects against atherosclerosis by reducing macrophage LDL uptake, foam cell formation, and atherogenesis. Although performed only in animals, this study identifies sortilin signaling in macrophages as a potential therapeutic target in the battle against atherosclerosis. K. Patel et al., Macrophage sortilin promotes LDL uptake, foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305811 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/01/15/CIRCRESAHA.116.305811.long
Prognostic factors for successful varicocelectomy to treat varicocele-associated male infertility

The present study identified prognostic factors for successful varicocelectomy for the treatment of varicocele-induced male infertility. All varicoceles were diagnosed and graded by physical examination and ultrasound. Pre- and postoperative analysis of semen specimens measured sperm density, morphology and motility. 'Responder' and 'non-responder' status was determined by semen analyses at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Varicocele Grades 1, 2 and 3 were found in 16, 36 and 28 patients, respectively; 49 patients (61.3%) were responders based on improved seminograms. Significant postoperative increases were noted in sperm density (from 18.20 ± 14.76 × 10(6) to 32.36 ± 24.81 × 10(6)mL(-1); P<0.001), sperm morphology (from 57.21 ± 17.35% to 62.66 ± 15.18%; P=0.006) and percentage motility (from 29.89 ± 14.71% to 50.92 ± 19.30%; P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that age (odds ratio (OR) 0.56; P<0.001) and preoperative sperm density (OR 1.22; P=0.001) had significant unfavourable and favourable associations, respectively, with the likelihood of successful varicocelectomy. Furthermore, a preoperative sperm density of 12 × 10(6)mL(-1) as a cut-off point was able to predict successful varicocelectomy with a sensitivity of 77.6% and specificity of 77.4% (area under the curve=0.85; P<0.001; 95% confidence interval 0.76-0.92). Age and preoperative sperm density are prognostic factors for successful varicocelectomy. The results of the present study may allow clinicians to predict surgical improvement in fertility in patients with varicocele.
A Probabilistic Language Model for Hand Drawings

Probabilistic language models are critical to applications in natural language processing that include speech recognition, optical character recognition, and interfaces for text entry. In this paper, we present a systematic way to learn a similar type of probabilistic language model for hand drawings from a database of existing artwork by representing each stroke as a sequence of symbols. First, we propose a language in which the symbols are circular arcs with length fixed by a scale parameter and with curvature chosen from a fixed low-cardinality set. Then, we apply an algorithm based on dynamic programming to represent each stroke of the drawing as a sequence of symbols from our alphabet. Finally, we learn the probabilistic language model by constructing a Markov model. We compute the entropy of our language in a test set as measured by the expected number of bits required for each symbol. Our language model might be applied in future work to create a drawing interface for noisy and low-bandwidth input devices, for example an electroencephalograph (EEG) that admits one binary command per second. The results indicate that by leveraging our language model, the performance of such an interface would be enhanced by about 20 percent.
Regulation of astrocyte GFAP expression by TGF‐β1 and FGF‐2

Astrocytes play a critical role in the development of the CNS and its response to injury and disease. A key indicator of astrocyte activation is the increased accumulation of intermediate filaments composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Treatment of astrocytes in vitro with transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) produced little morphological change, but resulted in a significant increase in GFAP mRNA and protein. Treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) produced a dramatic change from a polygonal to a stellate morphology, and resulted in a significant decrease in GFAP mRNA and protein. FGF-2 also inhibited the TGF-beta1-mediated increase in GFAP mRNA and protein. Cycloheximide did not block the effects of TGF-beta1 or FGF-2 on GFAP mRNA levels, but blocked the inhibitory effects of FGF-2 on the TGF-beta1-mediated increase in GFAP expression. All effects of FGF-2 were blocked by co-incubation with 5'-methylthioadenosine, a specific inhibitor of FGF-2-induced tyrosine kinase activity and FGF receptor (FGFR) autophosphorylation. We also examined astrocyte expression of FGFR, and demonstrate the presence of FGFR 1 and 2, and lower levels of FGFR 3. Our results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 cause differential effects on the astrocyte cytoskeleton and morphology, suggesting an uncoupling of process outgrowth from GFAP synthesis.
Aorta-to–Left Atrium Fistula A Complication of Endocarditis

A 75-year-old woman was evaluated for endocarditis at New York University Medical Center. She had a history of aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis for aortic insufficiency in 1996. Blood cultures were positive for enterococcus. On the second hospital day, the patient abruptly developed hypotension and dyspnea. Physical examination …
Total chemical synthesis of the enzyme sortase A(ΔN59) with full catalytic activity.

The enzyme sortase A is a ligase which catalyzes transpeptidation reactions.1, 2 Surface proteins, including virulence factors, that have a C terminal recognition sequence are attached to Gly5 on the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls by sortase A.1 The enzyme is an important anti-virulence and anti-infective drug target for resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria.2 In addition, because sortase A enables the splicing of polypeptide chains, the transpeptidation reaction catalyzed by sortase A is a potentially valuable tool for protein science.3 Here we describe the total chemical synthesis of enzymatically active sortase A. The target 148 residue polypeptide chain of sortase AΔN59 was synthesized by the convergent chemical ligation of four unprotected synthetic peptide segments. The folded protein molecule was isolated by size-exclusion chromatography and had full enzymatic activity in a transpeptidation assay. Total synthesis of sortase A will enable more sophisticated engineering of this important enzyme molecule.
Optical and electrical interconnect partition length based on chip-to-chip bandwidth maximization

The lengths beyond which board-level optical waveguides are capable of transferring a larger number of bits per second than electrical interconnects are found for various technology generations. As technology scales from the 130-nm technology node to the 45-nm technology node, the partition length falls from 29 to 8.3 cm due to seven times larger driver-switching frequency and 40% finer waveguide pitches.
Regulation of Hfe by stress factors in BV-2 cells.

Mutations in the Hfe gene can be associated with the iron overload disorder known as hemochromatosis. A number of recent studies suggest that carrying an Hfe mutation is a risk factor or genetic modifier for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, Hfe protein expression is induced on cells associated with neuritic plaques and on neurons in the periplaque area. In this study, the factors that may be responsible for induction of Hfe in AD brain were determined using BV-2 cells. Hfe expression was induced by serum deprivation, menadione and β-amyloid. The labile iron pool was consistently decreased when Hfe expression increased. However, the changes in expression of Hfe appeared independent of the expression of transferrin receptor and ferritin. These data provide insight into the induction of Hfe in AD and indicate that Hfe expression may be a protective function to limit cellular iron exposure during cell stress. These results are the first in a series of studies to understand how mutations in Hfe can be a risk factor for AD.
Virtual Thermal Comfort Engineering

Simulation of passenger compartment climatic conditions is becoming increasingly important as a complement to wind tunnel and field testing to help achieve improved thermal comfort while reducing vehicle development time and cost. Delphi Harrison Thermal Systems has collaborated with the University of California, Berkeley to develop the capability of predicting occupant thermal comfort to support automotive climate control systems. At the core of this Virtual Thermal Comfort Engineering (VTCE) technique is a model of the human thermal regulatory system based on Stolwijk’s model but with several enhancements. Our model uses 16 body segments and each segment is modeled as four body layers (core, muscle, fat, and skin tissues) and a clothing layer. The comfort model has the ability to predict local thermal comfort level of an occupant in a highly non-uniform thermal environment as a function of air temperature, surrounding surface temperatures, air velocity, humidity, direct solar flux, as well as the level of activity and clothing type of each individual. VTCE takes into account the geometrical configuration of the passenger compartment including glazing surfaces, pertinent physical and thermal properties of the enclosure with particular emphasis on glass properties. Use of Virtual Thermal Comfort Engineering (VTCE) will allow for exploration of different climate control strategies as they relate to human thermal comfort in a quick and inexpensive manner.
Damage loss assessment and control of the cereal leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in winter wheat.

Abstract Cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), invaded northern Alabama and Georgia more than a decade ago and since has become an economic pest of winter wheat and other cereal crops in the southeastern United States. A series of trials was conducted beginning in 1995 to determine optimal rate and timing of applications of selected foliar insecticides for managing cereal leaf beetle in soft red winter wheat. These trials, cage studies with larvae, and a manual defoliation experiment were used to provide information on cereal leaf beetle yield loss relationships and to develop economic decision rules for cereal leaf beetle in soft red winter wheat. Malathion, methomyl, carbaryl, and spinosad effectively controlled larval infestations when treatments were applied after most eggs had hatched. Encapsulated endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, methyl parathion, and disulfoton applied at the lowest labeled rates were not effective treatments. Organophosphate insecticides generally were not effective when ...
Prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance: the future looks bright.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cause of heart disease and the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people ([1][1]). Determining which patients are at higher risk of the development of adverse outcomes, particularly SCD, remains challenging. The
Leadership and Social Systems Theory Coming Together

We all know that adapting is the key-factor in the double-loop kind of learning presented by Chris Argyris in his 1991 article entitled “Teaching Smart People How to Learn”. However, what we don’t know is that this principle also appears in the modern social systems theory, only within a different context.
Somebody Else's Money

Hedging forex options is problematic when neither the underlying nor the deliverable currency is the currency in which the trader keeps his P&L. Further, correlation risk is both an opportunity and a challenge. In the foreign exchange options markets, one trader's vanilla option is another's cross option. Cross options are vanilla options where niether the strike nor the deliverable currency is the trader's booking currency. This paper explains why the duplicating portfolio for an option is independent of the trader's numeraire or booking currency.
Chemotactic deactivation of human neutrophils: protective influence of phenylbutazone.

The antiinflammatory drug, phenylbutazone (PBZ), has been studied in terms of its influence on chemotactic deactivation of human neutrophils. When PBZ was present during the time of preincubation of cells with N-formyl-methionyl-phenylalanine (F-Met-Phe), loss of subsequent spontaneous mobility and chemotactic responsivity to F-Met- Phe did not occur. The action of PBZ to protect neutrophils from peptide-mediated chemotactic deactivation was found to involve in part its inhibitory influence on hexose monophosphate shunt activity and in part its antagonistic effect on interaction of peptide receptors with N- formyl peptide. Phenylbutazone interfered with binding of N-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-[3H]phenylalanine but not [125I]C5a to the neutrophil, displaced labeled tripeptide bound in the absence of PBZ, increased the dissociation constant (KD) for labeled tripeptide, and limited down regulation of peptide receptor function. These results provide an example of drug-mediated modulation of the interaction of neutrophils with N-formyl peptide and strongly support the possibility that PBZ interacts directly and specifically with the human neutrophil peptide receptor as a competitive antagonist. They also provide an additional example of a compound outside of th N-formyl peptide series that interacts with the peptide receptor.
The Wide and Unpredictable Scope of Synthetic Cannabinoids Toxicity

Drug use and abuse continue to be a large public health concern worldwide. Over the past decade, novel or atypical drugs have emerged and become increasingly popular. In the recent past, compounds similar to tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC), the active ingredient of marijuana, have been synthetically produced and offered commercially as legal substances. Since the initial communications of their abuse in 2008, few case reports have been published illustrating the misuse of these substances with signs and symptoms of intoxication. Even though synthetic cannabinoids have been restricted, they are still readily available across USA and their use has been dramatically increasing, with a concomitant increment in reports to poison control centers and emergency department (ED) visits. We describe a case of acute hypoxemic/hypercapnic respiratory failure as a consequence of acute congestive heart failure (CHF) developed from myocardial stunning resulting from a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) following the consumption of synthetic cannabinoids.
Determination of Fresh Egg Mass during Natural Incubation

Groebbels (1932) was probably the first to make a systematic attempt to predict the mass of a freshly laid egg (initial egg mass). He weighed 54 eggs, representing 15 species, then removed their contents, refilled them with water, and reweighed them. The second weighing showed a reduction in egg mass ranging from 2.6 to 3.3%. This deficit presumably reflects the difference between the density of water and that of the egg's contents, which averages 1.031 g-cm-3 (Rahn et al., in press). In recent experiments Ar and Rahn (1980) carefully filled the air cells of fertile and infertile chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs with water after 18 days of incubation and compared their mass with the mass at laying. For fertile eggs, the mean difference ? SD was 0.014 ? 0.006 g. For infertile eggs, it was only 0.003 ? 0.011 g. Thus, the technique of refilling the air cell with water and then weighing the egg appears to be a reasonably reliable method of obtaining the egg's initial mass during artificial incubation. However, the validity of this method under conditions of natural incubation had not been examined. In this paper, we present results of such a study on eggs of the Black-footed Albatross (Diomedea nigripes) and the Laysan Albatross (D. immutabilis) which nest on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii (28"13'N, 177*23'W). Many predictive equations are based on fresh egg mass. This technique obviates the need to intensively watch nests to determine when an egg is laid. Albatross eggs were chosen because they lose considerable mass during their long incubation period and because we were able to measure their metabolism simultaneously (Pettit et al. 1982). We weighed eggs on the day they were laid and after 30-64 days of incubation. We then filled the air cell of each egg with distilled water and weighed it again. Between laying and the time of collection, the eggs lost 20.2 to 42.4 g. Their mass at the time of laying and that determined by filling of the air cell appear in Table 1. The mass of an incubated egg whose air cell is filled with water is essentially the same as that of the egg when freshly laid. The method overestimates the egg's fresh mass by 0.1% for Laysan and 0.3% for Black-footed albatross. The maximum error is 1.2%. This error is probably related to (1) our occasional failure to completely fill the air cell with water, and (2) the presence of a small air cell in some eggs at the time of laying (such spaces sometimes develop when an egg cools after it is laid). Furthermore, we examined nesting sites only once a day. Consequently, a maximum of 24 h may have elapsed between the time when some eggs were laid and subsequently weighed, during which as much as 674 mg of water may have been lost (Grant et al. 1980). In spite of these drawbacks, this field technique gives an accurate estimate of the egg's mass at laying. Simkiss (1974) and Prinzinger et al. (1979) estimated that 21-25% of the overall mass lost during incubation TABLE 1. Comparison of an egg's fresh mass and its mass after 30-64 days of natural incubation when the air cell is filled with water.
Assessment on the effect of health education intervention in IDD areas of Jining city

Objective To help individual and group to take healthy behavior and reach the goal of eliminating IDD finally by health information dissemination and behavior intervention.Methods 8 counties of IDD based on history data were selected to carry out health education projects including administrative intervention,social propaganda and linkage among news media,schools and families.Evaluation on effects of intervention was also implemented.Results The awareness rate of the related knowledge on prevention and control of IDD reached more than 95% among students and focal target population.The rate of endemic goiter was less than 5% among students aged 8-10,while the median level of urine iodine among the same population was 263.32μg/L.Conclusion Complete health education mechanism has been formed.The awareness rate of knowledge about IDD has been raised among target population and unhealthy lifestyle in local resident has been changed greatly.In conclusion,intervention of health education are feasible and effective.The goal of eliminating IDD has been reached.
Optimization Model of Locomotive Secondary Spring Load Adjustment Based on Artificial Fish-swarm Algorithm

As a new optimization strategy,Artificial Fish-swarm Algorithm(AFSA)is not sensitive to initial parameters and values,has the abilities to overcome the local minimum and obtain the global optimum solution.According to the mathematical model of the electric locomotive's secondary spring loads adjustment,a corresponding optimal model based on AFSA is presented and a method to the electric locomotive's secondary spring loads adjustment is proposed for the first time.Results of simulation on HXD1B locomotive show that:(1) The method can converge to the same global optimal solution,and the algorithm is stable and reliable;(2) Comparing with the genetic algorithm,AFSA obviously improves the convergence speed and reduces calculated amount and computing time under the condition of the same initial group.
Progressed on Nanomaterials Doped Liquid Crystal Composite Materials

Nanomaterials and liquid crystal materials are two excellent functional materials. Combination of nanomaterials and liquid crystal materials is of great interest due to their excellent properties.In addition to their own characterizations,the composite materials also show some new properties due to the interaction between nanomaterials and liquid crystal materials.Nanomaterials can be divided into metal nanoparticles,metal oxide nanoparticles,carbon nanotubes et al.This article describes the recent and significant development in different nanomaterials doping liquid crystal composite materials.The dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid crystals was examined.The effects of nanomaterials on the phase transition temperature of liquid crystal,photoelectric and conductive properties of the composites were investigated.
Top-quark decays when m t ~=M W +m b

We discuss the special situation for decays of the top quark that occurs when ${m}_{t}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}${M}_{W}$+${m}_{b}$ and how it affects exclusive channels \ensuremath{\Gamma}(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b+W)/\ensuremath{\Gamma}(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s+W) and the relative proportion of longitudinally and transversely polarized W 's in t decay.
Experimental Ureteral Obstruction in the Fetal Opossum. I. Renal Functional Assessment

AbstractThe North American opossum Didelphis virginiana was used as a model for fetal urinary obstruction. In this animal the fetus develops on a teat in a pouch and, therefore, it is accessible to surgical intervention. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was created at a mid trimester developmental equivalent in 8 pups, late ureteral obstruction was created in a similar fashion in 6 pups at a full-term equivalent and unobstruction of 9 pups was accomplished with a ureteroneocystostomy at a full-term equivalent. After early intervention 6 pups were found to have only partial ureteral obstruction as measured by mild dilatation and probe patency of the ureter. The control group consisted of 11 unoperated animals. The animals were maintained until adulthood when they were harvested after obtaining creatinine clearances from both kidneys. All dilated urinary systems were cultured for bacteria and they were sterile.
RBPJ Controls Development of Pathogenic Th17 Cells by Regulating IL-23 Receptor Expression

Interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing helper T cells (Th17 cells) play an important role in autoimmune diseases. However, not all Th17 cells induce tissue inflammation or autoimmunity. Th17 cells require IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) signaling to become pathogenic. The transcriptional mechanisms controlling the pathogenicity of Th17 cells and IL-23R expression are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the canonical Notch signaling mediator RBPJ is a key driver of IL-23R expression. In the absence of RBPJ, Th17 cells fail to upregulate IL-23R, lack stability, and do not induce autoimmune tissue inflammation in vivo, whereas overexpression of IL-23R rescues this defect and promotes pathogenicity of RBPJ-deficient Th17 cells. RBPJ binds and trans-activates the Il23r promoter and induces IL-23R expression and represses anti-inflammatory IL-10 production in Th17 cells. We thus find that Notch signaling influences the development of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Th17 cells by reciprocally regulating IL-23R and IL-10 expression.
Tank Mountains Obsidian: A Newly Discovered Archaeological Obsidian Source in East-Central Yuma County, Arizona

ABSTRACTA trace element analysis by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is provided for a newly discovered archaeological obsidian source in east-central Yuma County, Arizona. This Tertiary glass source is unique geochemically, but exhibits many of the attributes typical of Tertiary glass sources in the Sonoran Desert. Thus far, Tank Mountains material has been found in Archaic through Classic period Hohokam contexts as far east as the Phoenix Valley, although it appears to have not competed with the more extensive sources of Vulture and Sauceda Mountains.
The Extracellular Matrix as a Multivalent Signaling Scaffold that Orchestrates Tissue Organization and Function

It is becoming increasing clear that genetic mutations alone are not the sole driving force behind tumor progression. Even in the face of genetic insult, the microenvironment can restrain tumorigenesis and maintain tissue form and function. The microenvironment is the integration of a dynamically reciprocal conversation amongst tissue constituents—including the epithelial cells, stromal cells, proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the mechanophysical properties such as ECM stiffness and architecture. Decoding the language of the ‘dynamic reciprocity’ occurring within normal, as well as malignant tissues is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat and prevent tumor progression.
Technical Innovations to Optimize Early Return of Erectile Function

Present day, the neurovascular preservation is accomplished by the surgeon’s expertise and knowledge of the anatomy, as well as by the improvements of visualization, instrumentation, and magnification provided by novel robotic systems. In this chapter, we discuss fundamental aspects of the neurovascular anatomy, define landmarks and principles for a NS radical prostatectomy, and also review some of the new technological developments designed to help surgeons to perform these critical steps and achieve an early return of the erectile function.
Stimulating CD27 to quantitatively and qualitatively shape adaptive immunity to cancer

The capacity of the immune system to recognize and respond to tumors has been appreciated for over 100 years. However, clinical success has largely depended on the elucidation of the positive and negative regulators of effector cells after their activation via the antigen cell receptor. On the one hand, effector cells upregulate checkpoint molecules that are thought to play a role in limiting immunopathology. On the other, second and third waves of costimulation are often required to promote the expansion, survival and differentiation of effector cells. While it is clear that the immune system can be unleashed by blocking checkpoint molecules, this approach is most effective when pre-existing responses exist in patients' tumors. Thus, coordinating checkpoint blockade with costimulation could potentially expand the patient population that receives benefit from cancer immunotherapy. This review will discuss how the costimulatory molecule CD27 sculpts immunity and preclinical/clinical data indicating its potential for cancer immunotherapy and its clinical translation.
A Semantic Based Framework for the Purpose of Big Data Integration

One of the most substantial opportunities in Big Data is to integrate disparate data sources across the enterprise. To realize this goal it can be valuable to leverage environments developed for high speed parallel processing as well as toolkits supporting the development and maintenance of semantic information. In support of this approach a proposed framework and methodology is presented to utilize an ontology-based data integration strategy. Our approach supports a rule-based translation to generate new ontology versions within a fast prototyping environment leveraging the Jena API within the context of the Apache Spark environment.
Beyond Step Testing and Process Reaction Curves: Introducing Meaningful System Identification Concepts in the Undergraduate Chemical Engineering Curriculum

Abstract This paper describes efforts at Arizona State University to introduce substantive topics in system identification to undergraduate chemical engineering students. Specifically, the paper focuses on how system identification issues relevant to industrial practice have been incorporated into a simulated gas-oil furnace experiment that is part of a senior-level process dynamics and control course (ChE 461).
Growth of Three Shade Tree Genera as Influenced by Irrigation and Nitrogen Rates

The influence of N rates and irrigation on shoot growth and trunk diameter were evaluated for red maple (Acer rubrum, L. ‘October Glory’), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh) and dogwood (Cornus florida L. ‘Barton’). Irrigation increased shoot growth and trunk diameter for all 3 species during the first 2 growing seasons. Tree height and trunk diameter at the end of the third growing season were also greater for irrigated trees. Increasing the N levels from 168 to 329 Kg N/ha (150 to 300 lb N/A) resulted in a decrease in trunk diameter the first year and a decrease in shoot growth the second year in ‘October Glory’ maple. No significant differences in oak growth due to N rate were observed. Shoot growth and trunk diameter for dogwood were greater at 329 kg N/ha (300 lb N/A) than at 168 kg N/ha (150 lb N/A) only the first year. Neither height or trunk diameter at end of the third year were significantly increased from applying the higher level of N for any of the genera.
Strengthening the ACA for the Long Term

The problems with the nongroup insurance market, though significant, are fixable, and correcting them does not necessitate disruption of coverage for the 94% of the population that gets its coverage from other sources. Some key policies could stabilize the markets quickly.
Characteristic modes for U-slot's feed placement

Recently, DIResF is reported for the first time in [1] to design a U-Slot without feed location optimization. In this paper, theory of characteristic mode (TCM) is used to analyze the effect of vertical probe feed location variation on impedance matching of antenna. It has been shown that feed location at center (xp=0, yp=0) gives the best impedance matching in DIResF. However, Its variation in the direction of vertical currents (i.e. x-axis) decreases the eigen value of participating current mode due to its capacitive effect. While, variation in horiznotal direction(i.e. y-axis) increases the eigen value due to its inductive effect.
Functional Brain Connectivity Distinguishes Surgical Skill Learning with Surgical Simulators

Surgical skill assessment metrics measure performance but do not address the underlying neurophysiology associated with skill acquisition. Here, we investigate fNIRS-based measures of high functional connectivity in cortical regions associated with increased surgical skill proficiency.
The Social Network?: Nonprofit Constituent Engagement Through Social Media

Social media has become an important part of public relations for nonprofit organizations. Social media has the potential to engage stakeholders and constituents of nonprofit organizations. However...
Enjoyment at Oxford after Ockham: Philosophy, Psychology, and the Love of God

I want to discuss today some questions about enjoyment pursued at Oxford in roughly the second quarter of the fourteenth century by Ockham and four other philosophically acute theologians: Walter Chatton, Adam Wodeham, Robert Holkot, and Thomas Bradwardine. Each of these authors has claims to importance in the history of scholasticism. The numerous footnote references to Chatton in the beautiful new Ockham edition testify to his critical role in the development of his fellow Franciscan’s ideas. Marilyn Adams gives Chatton credit for forcing the Invincible Doctor to change his position on so pivotal a matter as the object of universal concepts. Chatton’s own writings continue this dialogue. Wodeham, also a Franciscan, was a student of Ockham’s and is currently regaining the reputation he once had as a major thinker in his own right.
Mechanism of organic cation transport in rabbit renal basolateral membrane vesicles

The transports of [3H]tetraethylammonium (TEA), [3H]procainamide (PCA), and N1-[3H]methylnicotinamide (NMN) were studied in rabbit renal basolateral membrane vesicles (BLMVs) by use of a rapid filtration assay. All three compounds exhibited a similar uptake profile into the BLMVs and reached equilibrium by 1 h. In the presence of valinomycin, a K+ ionophore and K+ gradients (in to out), an inside-negative potential difference (PD) was generated that stimulated the uptake of TEA, PCA, and NMN by 1.9-, 1.9-, and 2.1-fold, respectively. The effect of PD could be blocked by the organic cation transport inhibitor mepiperphenidol. An inside-negative PD was also generated by a pH gradient (inside acidic). An overshoot of TEA uptake was produced, which was blocked by a valinomycin voltage clamp. Counterflow studies revealed that 1 mM TEA was capable of trans-stimulating 50 microM [3H]TEA uptake and producing a peak overshoot of nearly three times the equilibrium value, which was not abolished in the presence of a valinomycin voltage clamp or a gramicidin pH clamp. When an inside-negative PD was imposed on 1 mM TEA-loaded BLMVs, the uptake of [3H]TEA was 33% less. In contrast, neither NMN nor PCA produced a trans-stimulation of [3H]NMN or [3H]PCA transport, respectively. In addition, the effect of several organic cations on the TEA-TEA exchange mechanism was studied. Mepiperphenidol, PCA, choline, cimetidine, and NMN all demonstrated cis inhibition (82, 81, 58, 51, and 20%, respectively). Arginine, a basic amino acid, and probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor, had no effect. Choline was capable of trans-stimulating TEA uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coal Fly Ash Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Infusion Process to Enhance its Utilization

The increased use of coal in production of electricity is predicted to continue well into the 21st century. Thus, coal burning power plants play a key role in the economic future of the United States. Like any other process, coal combustion process also generates by-products including flue gases (CO2) and solids. Currently, a small portion (20–30%) of the total solids produced is used in cement products and remediation of acidic environments and remainder (80–70%) is disposed of in landfills. In this chapter, a CO2 pressure treatment process to reduce the concentration of extractable trace elements (As, Cd, Pb, and Se) in different alkaline fly ash samples is described. Results suggested that CO2 infusion process effectively precipitated CaCO3 in different alkaline fly ash samples. The precipitation of CaCO3 reduced the concentration of extractable trace elements through adsorption and coprecipitation processes. Different approaches are available to increase the potential use of fly ash. However, the most promising approach is to utilize CO2 and precipitate calcite (CaCO3) in fly ash because it can immobilize contaminants. Additionally, CO2 treated fly ash can be used as a sorbent in remediation of contaminants in other hazardous wastes. However, further research to stabilize alkaline fly ash with flue gas CO2 under actual field conditions is required.
Cognitive Investigations in Huntington’s Disease

As a graduate student in experimental and physiological psychology in the late 1970’s, I was taught that the basal ganglia constituted a component of the “extrapyramidal motor system,” a relatively undifferentiated set of nuclei which were responsible for the fine-tuning of movements. Even the major textbooks of the day rarely mentioned the contribution of the striatum to cognition. During this same period, Nelson Butters began publishing the first of his many papers on the cognitive impairments of patients with Huntington’s disease (HD) (Butters, Tarlow, Cermak & Sax, 1976; Butters & Grady, 1977). The body of research on this topic by Nelson and his students over the past 17 years has been a major force in the re-conceptualization of the basal ganglia as a set of functionally discrete cortico-striato-thalamic loops regulating specific aspects of both motor programming and higher-order cognition (Alexander, DeLong & Strick, 1986; Crosson, 1992; Stern, 1983).
Reference Velocity Group Mobility

The reference velocity group mobility model that uses an omniscient observer for knowing all the information of mobiles in the group and obtains topology information using the RPGM model scheme is described here. It is also articulated how the network partitioning can be predicted using the RVGM model. The partition prediction algorithm, clustering algorithm, and their applications are also provided.
Continuous Probability Distributions

This article provides an overview of the most extensively used continuous distributions in statistics. Both univariate and multivariate distributions are covered. The distributions covered in this article are: beta, Cauchy, χ2, Dirichlet, exponential, exponential family, F, gamma, lognormal, Student's t, uniform, and Wishart.
Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Overweight and Obese Adults Are Explained by Sun Exposure, Skin Reflectance, and Body Composition.

Background Obese individuals are known to be at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than normal-weight individuals. Cutaneous synthesis is a major source of vitamin D; however, objective measurements of sun exposure are lacking in this population. Objective To assess the validity of a regression model using sun exposure in lean individuals to estimate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in overweight and obese individuals, and to develop a prediction equation for serum 25(OH)D in overweight and obese adults. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of a 15-wk controlled feeding study investigating the effects of dairy consumption on body composition. Information regarding sun exposure, including day, hour, time outside, and clothing, were self-assessed in sun exposure diaries. Personal sun exposure energy (joules) was assessed by downloading time-specific ultraviolet B energy data from climate stations. Skin reflectance was measured using a Minolta 2500d spectrophotometer. Dietary intake of vitamin D was known. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Body composition was determined from whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography scans. Results Sun exposure was positively related to serum 25(OH)D (r = 0.26; P ≤ 0.05) and inversely related to total fat mass, android fat, and BMI (r = -0.25, -0.30, and -0.32, respectively). The modified Hall model significantly overestimated serum 25(OH)D in overweight and obese adults by 27.33-80.98 nmol/L, depending on the sun exposure calculation. A new regression model was developed for overweight and obese persons that explained 29.1% of the variance in postintervention 25(OH)D concentrations and included sun exposure, skin reflectance, total fat mass, total lean mass, and intra-abdominal adipose tissue as predictors. Conclusion Major determinants of serum 25(OH)D concentration in healthy overweight and obese individuals include sun exposure, skin reflectance, and adiposity. Addition of adiposity terms to the prior model significantly improved predictive ability in overweight and obese men and women. (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00858312).
Modified Seldinger Technique for Continuous Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block

Use of a brachial plexus catheter, permitting continuous interscalene brachial block in repair of major hand trauma, is described. Postoperative analgesia was also accomplished. The advantages of the procedure are discussed.
Gesture-enhanced recasts have limited effects: A case of the regular past tense:

This study investigates whether gesture-enhanced recasts lead to better production of the English regular past tense. Fifty-nine low-intermediate ESL students at a US university took part in commun...