cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Health Disclosure Laws on Health Information Exchanges

Health information exchanges (HIEs) are expected to facilitate data sharing between healthcare entities, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of care. Privacy concerns have been consistently cited as one of the primary challenges to HIE formation and success. Currently, it is unclear how privacy laws - in particular, legislation restricting the disclosure of health records - have shaped the development of HIEs. This preliminary study explores the landscape of state-level health privacy legislation and examines the impact of variations in such privacy and confidentiality laws on the progress of HIEs. We found that states with stronger privacy laws, limiting the disclosure of health information, had significantly more HIEs exchanging data and had fewer failed HIEs. We suggest that this counterintuitive finding may be explained by the more subtle benefits of such laws, such as increased confidence and trust of participants in an exchange. Other key contributors to this work are Alessandro Acquisti, Rahul Telang, and Julia Adler-Milstein.
Data Used in General Revenue Sharing

The GRS allocation formulas involve a large number of data elements (DE’s). This chapter develops error models for each of the data elements. These error models will be used in chapter 6 to calculate the expected losses in GRS allocations, but the models are also of independent interest because the methodology extends naturally to other kinds of data as well. Construction of error models is a difficult undertaking because the mechanisms giving rise to errors in data are complicated and not generally understood. Of these mechanisms random sampling is typically the simplest and often the least important. To derive the error model for a data element we proceed in five steps: (1) notation; (2) definition and data sources; (3) data quality: evidence; (4) data quality: assumptions and conclusions; and (5) relevant distributions and approximations.
“Good queen, my lord, good queen”: Royal Mothers in Shakespeare’s Plays

The royal mothers in Shakespeare’s plays often display qualities that Vives and other conduct book writers warn against, such as pride, overindulgence of their children, and emotional excess. Near the end of his career, Shakespeare writes his most fully developed mother-queen, Hermione, through whom he explores the tensions generated by the figure of the royal mother. The Winter’s Tale raises the possibility of a mother-queen who wields a disruptive power, only to reject that possibility and show Hermione as a good queen: not only a virtuous wife but also a virtuous mother. Nevertheless, though the play ultimately dismisses the image of the dangerous or damaging royal mother, it does not—or cannot—completely dispel the fear provoked by a powerful mother-queen.
The role of emotion dysregulation in negative affect reactivity to a trauma cue: Differential associations through elicited posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Abstract Background Recent research has linked emotion dysregulation with increases in subjective ratings of negative affect (NA reactivity) to trauma reminders, a central symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study adds to this burgeoning line of research by exploring elicited PTSD symptoms as a mechanism explicating the relation between emotion dysregulation and NA reactivity following trauma cue exposure. Methods Participants were 60 treatment-seeking marijuana users with insomnia symptoms who reported exposure to a traumatic event. Participants were administered questionnaires assessing emotion dysregulation, PTSD symptoms, and NA prior to and/or after listening to a personalized trauma script, and subsequently completed a diagnostic interview. Results Results demonstrated that greater emotion dysregulation was associated with heightened NA reactivity through re-experiencing symptoms, but not avoidance or dissociation symptoms, even after accounting for past 30-day PTSD symptom severity and pre-trauma script NA. These effects were driven by the dimensions of emotion dysregulation characterized by nonacceptance of negative emotions and limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies. Limitations This study requires replication among other clinical samples, and is limited by use of self-report measures. Conclusions Findings provide novel empirical support for one mechanism through which emotion dysregulation may confer vulnerability to PTSD symptomology, and offer implications for refining PTSD treatments.
Association of Periodontitis and Biologic Implant Complications

The prevalence of biologic implant complications, such as peri-implantitis, continues to increase with greater adoption of dental implant-supported restorations in clinical practice. Clarification of risk factors or indicators leading to peri-implant disease is necessary to provide clinicians more effective strategies for prevention and treatment. Despite heterogenous study designs, epidemiologic studies demonstrate using both direct and indirect measures that individuals with a history of periodontitis are at greater risk for biologic implant complications. The underpinning of an association between periodontitis and peri-implantitis has often been centered on bacterial biofilm, inflammation, and shared etiologic factors. Current microbiological studies do not support the premise of a distinct, or unique, etiologic biofilm composition, nor implicate a direct role of specific periodontal pathogens in peri-implant disease. The critical role of host immune response in initiation and progression of the periodontitis lesion may similarly act on the development of peri-implantitis. Shared etiologic factors, such as smoking, poor oral hygiene, and uncontrolled diabetes, may also play an important role in defining the association between periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
A Methodology to Explore Ventilatory Chemosensitivity and Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression Risk

Our new and noteworthy methodology allows for exploration of preoperative ventilatory chemosensitivity, measured as the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), as a risk factor for postoperative o...
Generalized Reissner analysis of large axisymmetric deflections of thin circular and annular plates

Abstract A generalized Reissner theory for axisymmetric problems of thin circular and annular plates is applied to various problems. The plates are assumed to be linearly elastic, and shear deformation is neglected. Large deflections, rotations, and strains are allowed. The plate edges may be clamped or simply supported, movable or immovable. The types of loading considered are uniform pressure, central concentrated load, uniform edge moment, full ponding, and central rigid hub pushed downward (with or without an elastic foundation). In some cases, the effects of Poisson's ratio and the radius-to-thickness ratio are investigated, and the maximum deflections are compared to those based on von Karman theory and Reissner theory.
Limits on the Halo White Dwarf Component of Baryonic Dark Matter from the Hubble Deep Field

The MACHO collaboration lensing event statistics suggest that a significant fraction of the dark Galactic halo can be comprised of baryonic matter in the form of white dwarf stars with masses between 0.1 and 1.0 M☉. Such a halo white dwarf population, in order to have escaped detection by those who observe the white dwarf luminosity function of the disk, must have formed from an old population. The observations indicate that the number of halo white dwarfs per cubic parsec per unit bolometric magnitude is less than 10-5 at 10-4.5 L☉; the number must rise significantly at lower luminosities to provide the needed baryonic halo mass. Such white dwarfs may easily escape detection in most current and earlier surveys. Though it is limited in angular extent, the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) probes a sufficient volume of the Galactic halo to provide interesting limits on the number of halo white dwarf stars and on the fraction of the halo mass that they can make up. If the HDF field can be probed for stars down to V = 29.8 then the MACHO result suggests that there could be up to 12 faint halo white dwarfs visible in the HDF. Finding (or not finding) these stars in turn places interesting constraints on star formation immediately following the formation of the galaxy.
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus).

Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within-species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the midwestern United States, a region characterized by postglacial recolonization from multiple lineages and an extensive history of stocking. We leveraged genomic data and recently developed analytical approaches to explore the population structure of walleye from two midwestern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We genotyped 954 walleye from 23 populations at ~20,000 loci using genotyping by sequencing and tested for patterns of population structure with single-SNP and microhaplotype data. Populations from Minnesota and Wisconsin were highly differentiated from each other, with additional substructure found in each state. Population structure did not consistently adhere to drainage boundaries, as cases of high intra-drainage and low inter-drainage differentiation were observed. Low genetic structure was observed between populations from the upper Wisconsin and upper Chippewa river watersheds, which are found as few as 50 km apart and were likely homogenized through historical stocking. Nevertheless, we were able to differentiate these populations using microhaplotype-based co-ancestry analysis, providing increased resolution over previous microsatellite studies and our other single SNP-based analyses. Although our results illustrate that walleye population structure has been influenced by past stocking practices, native ancestry still exists in most populations and walleye populations may be able to purge non-native alleles and haplotypes in the absence of stocking. Our study is one of the first to use genomic tools to investigate the influence of stocking on population structure in a nonsalmonid fish and outlines a workflow leveraging recently developed analytical methods to improve resolution of complex population structure that will be highly applicable in many species and systems.
Unique Features of a Web-Based Nutrition Website for Childhood Cancer Populations: Descriptive Study.

Background: Children with cancer experience a myriad of nutritional challenges that impact their nutrition status during treatment and into survivorship. Growing evidence suggests that weight at diagnosis impacts cancer outcomes, but provider guidance on nutrition and diet during treatment varies. Nutrition literacy and culinary resources may help mitigate some common nutritional problems; however, many patients may face barriers to accessing in-person classes. Along with dietitian-led clinical interventions, web-based resources such as the newly updated electronic cookbook (e-cookbook) created by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, @TheTable, may facilitate access to nutrition and culinary education during treatment and into survivorship. Objective: We sought to define and describe the features and content of the @TheTable e-cookbook and compare it with analogous resources for a lay audience of patients with childhood cancer and childhood cancer survivors as well as their families. Methods: We evaluated freely available web-based resources via a popular online search engine (ie, Google). These searches yielded three web-based resources analogous to @TheTable: the American Institute for Cancer Research’s Healthy Recipes, The Children’s Hospital of San Antonio’s Culinary Health Education for Families Recipe for Life, and Ann Ogden Gaffney and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center’s Cook for Your Life. These sites were analyzed for the following: number of recipes, search functionality, child or family focus, cancer focus, specific dietary guidance, videos or other media, and miscellaneous unique features. Results: Cook for Your Life and Culinary Health Education for Families Recipe for Life were the most comparable to @TheTable with respect to cancer focus and family focus, respectively. Healthy Recipes is the least user-friendly, with few search options and no didactic videos. Conclusions: The @TheTable e-cookbook is unique in its offering of child- and family-focused content centered on the cancer and survivorship experience.
On Nonmonotonic Consequence Relations

We discuss nonmonotonic reasoning in terms of consequence relations and corresponding operators. Based on the matrix consequence that gives the monotonic case, we define a restricted matrix consequence that illustrates the nonmonotonic case. The latter is a generalization of the relation of logical friendliness introduced by D. Makinson. We prove that any restricted single matrix consequence, although it may be nonmonotonic, is always weakly monotonic and, in the case of a finite matrix, the restricted matrix consequence is very strongly finitary. Further, by modifying the definition of logical friendliness relation formulated specifically in a proof-theoretic manner, we show a possibility of obtaining other reflexive nonmonotonic consequence relations, for which a limited result towards finitariness is proved. This leads to numerous questions about nonmonotonic consequence relations in the segment between the monotonic consequence relation based on intuitionistic propositional logic and logical friendliness.
Abstract MP55: Red And Processed Meat And Alternative Protein Sources In Relation To Risk Of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease: A Pooled Analysis Of 16 Prospective Cohort Studies

Background: Red and processed meat intake have been associated with higher risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). However, very few studies have evaluated substitution of alternative protein s...
Tackling Uncertainty Across the Life Cycle of Gas-Fired Power

Uncertainty assessment is a critical component of the interpretation stage of life cycle assessment (LCA) for practitioners because it enables decision-makers to understand how impacts may change under different conditions. LCAs of gas-fired power embody the importance of uncertainty assessment. On the one hand, the large networks of infrastructure result in irreducible variability of both process efficiency and localized environmental impacts. On the other hand, large questions remain over the magnitude of leaks in the supply chain of the fuel cycle, further confounded by quickly evolving operational practices and regulatory environments. This chapter will include an overview of the importance of uncertainty assessment in LCA exemplified by gas-fired power, followed by a summary of frequently employed methods illustrated with examples of their use related to this product system.
I Go to America: Swedish American Women and the Life of Mina Anderson

Review of: "I Go to America: Swedish Women and the Life of Mina Anderson," by Joy K. Lintelman.
FINANCING AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN THE SOUTHERN REGION

Each year, heads of agricultural economics departments meet to discuss mutual issues related to our teaching, extension, and research programs. A major continuing issue is our portion of research and extension funds— with a natural suspicion that we are not being allocated our “fair share.” An additional, and perhaps larger, concern has arisen in the last few years as we recognize the apparent movement toward increasing use of competitive grants for funding agricultural research. It is not the grants idea that concerns us as much as it is the research areas which have been developed and/or may be developed within which we must make our proposals. Each department in a university draws its sustenance from the same pie. Each is concerned with the size of the pieces devoured by animal science, crop science, and the others. The following comments relate to both share and “pie enlargement.”
Development procedure of the cloud-based applications

The cloud-based applications are developed based on the loosely coupled, scale-out design, often accessing a key-value store. They work in parallel and asynchronously communicate between the nodes in the cloud, and between the nodes and its clients. By leveraging Service Oriented Architecture using Web or REST services, the queuing service and the service bus enable loosely coupled communications. Combined with this SOA, the object oriented technology, component oriented development and the relational data design can realize the scale-out design and the development of the cloud-based applications. However, the whole development procedure becomes so complicated. In this paper, we will show the development procedure and the analysis method of the cloud-based applications in a phased manner.
Experience and Reason in Einstein's Epistemology

Albert Einstein insists that his epistemology made his discovery of relativity possible. He believed it was his understanding of the relationship of experience and reason that allowed him to reconsider certain “truths” of physics. Specifically, he believed that reality and thought were independent but related, and that conceptual systems are independent of but conditioned by experience. Failure to understand the relation between experience and reason had, Einstein believed, limited progress in science. His understanding of the relation, on the other hand, enabled him to formulate relativity theory and therefore provides one example of the relevance of philosophy to scientific inquiry.
Monitoring labor by an external tokodynamometer

Abstract Clinical acceptance of monitoring labor has been delayed because of the complexity and expense of intrauterine techniques and the relative inaccuracy of external devices. Experience with the Parturiograph in 400 patients in spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labor confirms its ease of operation, clinical applicability, and low cost. Comparison of parturiographic and intrauterine pressure tracings reveals similar contraction patterns with respect to configuration, frequency, and resting pressure. Contraction intensity may be identical, but external methods may record only 60 to 90 per cent of the intrauterine pressure. This discrepancy does not appear to detract from the Parturiograph's clinical usefulness. Continuous monitoring of labor identifies abnormal uterine contractility, is a useful guide for regulation of oxytocin infusion, and facilitates the management of abnormal labor. Permanent labor records have proved useful both in education and patient service.
Use of multiproxy records on the Agulhas Ridge, Southern Ocean (Ocean Drilling Project Leg 177, Site 1090) to investigate sub-Antarctic hydrography from the Oligocene to the early Miocene

[1] Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1090, on the Agulhas Ridge in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, is ideally located to capture changes in Southern Ocean circulation patterns. Using samples taken from cored sediments, we construct multiproxy records of productivity (biogenic barium (Baex), opal, and CaCO3 mass accumulation rates (MARs)), nutrient and organic carbon burial (reactive phosphorus (Pr) MARs), and redox conditions (U and Mn enrichments) to investigate hydrographic conditions associated with climatic shifts from the Oligocene through the early Miocene. Orbitally induced cyclicity in U and Mn enrichments (100 kyr) suggests shifts in deepwater characteristics. However, CaCO3 dissolution coincident with low U and Mn enrichments does not indicate low-oxygen, corrosive waters similar to modern conditions. These observations indicate that a well-developed “modern-type” Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) did not yet exist over the period from 30 to 20 Ma, with two potential consequences: The Southern Ocean was not functioning as a silica trap, permitting a broader distribution of silica that may have facilitated organic carbon burial in the ocean in general, and the lack of a deeply mixing ACC may have facilitated organic carbon burial in the Southern Ocean. Both the relative (high opal MARs coincident with low CaCO3 MARs) and absolute (high Pr MARs) burial of organic carbon suggest a powerful mechanism for pCO2 drawdown.
Is the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard Fair and Equitable

Remarks as Chairman for panel discussion at the 2006 International Law Weekend (Association of the Bar of the City of New York, New York), October 27, 2006.
Semi-Supervised Learning

Abstract In the world of modern technology, digital data are generated at a lightning speed. These data are typically unlabeled as obtaining labels often requires time-consuming and costly human input. Semi-supervised learning was introduced to study the problem of using the labeled and unlabeled data together to improve learning. Two basic questions of semi-supervised learning are understanding the usefulness of unlabeled data for learning and of designing effective algorithms for using unlabeled data. In this chapter we discuss the principles of semi-supervised learning and several popular classes of algorithms.
H3+--an Ion with Many Talents

The Hion plays an important role in diverse fields from chemistry to astronomy and planetary science. In this Perspective, [McCall and Oka][1] report on a recent discussion meeting of the Royal Society where researchers from all these fields came to discuss the present and future of this ubiquitous molecule. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/287/5460/1941
Anti-inflammatory activity of intravenous immunoglobulins protects against West Nile virus encephalitis.

West Nile virus (WNV), an important global human pathogen, targets neurons to cause lethal encephalitis, primarily in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Currently, there are no approved therapeutic agents or vaccines to treat WNV encephalitis. Recent studies have suggested that inflammation is a major contributor to WNV encephalitis morbidity. In this study we evaluated the use of IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulins – a clinical product comprising pooled human IgG) as an anti-inflammatory treatment in a model of lethal WNV infection. We report here that IVIG and pooled human WNV convalescent sera (WNV-IVIG) inhibited development of lethal WNV encephalitis by suppressing central nervous system (CNS) infiltration by CD45high leukocytes. Pathogenic Ly6Chigh CD11b+ monocytes were the major infiltrating subset in the CNS of infected control mice, whereas IVIG profoundly reduced infiltration of these pathogenic Ly6Chigh monocytes into the CNS of infected mice. Interestingly, WNV-IVIG was more efficacious than IVIG in controlling CNS inflammation when mice were challenged with a high-dose inoculum (105 versus 104 p.f.u.) of WNV. Importantly, adsorption of WNV E-glycoprotein neutralizing antibodies did not abrogate IVIG protection, consistent with virus neutralization not being essential for IVIG protection. These findings confirmed the potent immunomodulatory activity of generic IVIG, and emphasized its potential as an effective immunotherapeutic drug for encephalitis and other virus induced inflammatory diseases.
Combining Concept Mapping with CBR: Towards Experience-Based Support for Knowledge Modeling

Knowledge management depends on effective methods for capturing knowledge in useful forms and making it available when needed. Electronic concept maps provide a promising representation for knowledge models that can be developed directly by the experts themselves, but the flexibility of concept mapping raises questions of how to support the knowledge modeling process and to standardize its results, in order to facilitate future examination and reuse. We describe ongoing research on the use of case-based reasoning methods to support the knowledge modeling process through proactive retrieval of relevant prior concept maps, in order to provide suggestions to aid the concept map generation process. The selection of relevant concept maps relies on an algorithm that combines textual and topological analysis. We describe the algorithm and present an example that illustrates concept suggestion procedures in the Mars exploration domain.
Southern Fiddlers and Fiddle Contests

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Chris Goertzen Year: 2008 Publisher: University Press of Mississippi ISBN: 9781604731224 (hard cover). Prices: $50.00 USD(hard cover).
An enhanced current mirror for SSO simulation

Current mirrors are an established technique for reducing memory requirements and run time in Spice-based bus simulations with many simultaneously switching outputs (SSO). Mismatched delayss can reduce accuracy, and a current mirror bus architecture enhanced with a bridge circuit is shown to restore accuracy with mismatched package delays.
Point: Brachytherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation.

A number of studies in recent years have detailed the rationale for and the various technical considerations of partial breast irradiation, which is defined as radiation of the site of excision and adjacent breast tissue only. Partial breast irradiation can be delivered with brachytherapy or external modalities. Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is defined as radiotherapy that uses fractions higher than 1.8e2.0 Gy per day over a period of less than 5e6 weeks and, in North America, is most commonly delivered via three techniques: (1) interstitial brachytherapy; (2) intracavity brachytherapy through the use of a variety of balloon or ‘‘cagelike’’ catheter products; and (3) three-dimensionally planned conformal external beam techniques or ‘‘3D-CRT’’ (intraoperative techniques for APBI will not be included in this discussion). Several techniques that can be classified as ‘‘conformal external beam’’ have been described (1e4), but the most widely used 3D-CRT technique was initially developed by investigators at the William Beaumont Hospital and was subsequently adopted for use as one of the allowed treatment modalities for patients randomized to APBI in the NSABP B-39/RTOG 0143 Phase III trial (subsequently abbreviated in this text as the NSABP/RTOG protocol). It is a straightforward and readily reproducible technique that uses four to five tangentially positioned noncoplanar beams and, as such, has been incorporated in the treatment repertoire of hundreds of treatment centers nationwide irrespective of clinical trial participation. Therefore, this discussion will focus primarily on contrasting brachytherapy to the specific 3D-CRT technique for APBI as detailed in the NSABP/RTOG protocol though its general points and conclusions are likely applicable to any conformal external beam technique.
Low Energy, Distributed, and QoS-Coverage-Preserving Architecture for Cluster-Based Sensor Networks

An important design challenge for node scheduling is to extend the lifespan of sensor networks while preserving sufficient sensing coverage after switching off some sensors. This paper adapts the energy-balanced coordinated node scheduling (ECONS) scheme, a distributed and adaptive protocol previously developed for flat sensor-net architecture, to the clustered architecture. ECONS exploits a geometry-inclusive approach to accurately determine the sensing coverage and the sleeping eligibility, effectively balances the energy consumption among different sensors, and consumes minimal communication overhead. The paper further integrates ECONS with the existing distributed clustering and routing protocols that are specifically designed for cluster-based dense sensor networks, and proposes a new architecture, referred to as the low-energy, distributed and QoS-coverage-preserving (EEDS) architecture. The system performance of EEDS is evaluated under two exemplary cases that require high and low QoS on sensing coverage, respectively.
Music for sextet and computer

Music for Sextet and Computer (1993) (flute, bass clarinet, violin, cello, trombone, piano) was commissioned by the International Computer Music Association (ICMA) as part of their commissioning program for new works to be premiered each year during the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC), and was premiered at the 1993 ICMC in Tokyo. The signal processing and control programs were written by the composer and Miller Puckette---whose technical advice made this piece possible. The piece makes use of pitch, amplitude, and spectral tracking of the various instruments to control sampling (with emphasis on granular sampling), cross synthesis, and other more standard signal processing such as harmonizing, frequency shifting, spatialization, etc. The relationship between the electronics and the instrumental part ranges on a continuum between the poles of the "transcendental" (fused) and the "formal" (separate). In this continuum, the electronics give musical support to the instruments, and/or function independently. Meanwhile, working with computers keeps me questioning the line that separates music and "special effects"...
Radio telemetry interrogation of multiple fiber sensors in civil structures

We have examined various fiber sensor multiplexing techniques, e.g., frequency-, time-, coherence-multiplexing, in an attempt to ascertain the method best suited for interrogation of multiple sensors scattered throughout a modern civil structure. Based on our embedded fiber sensor results conducted at the Stafford Biotechnology Complex at the University of Vermont, a 65,000 square foot, multistory reinforced concrete structure, where more than fifty single- mode and multimode fiber optic sensors have been embedded into the structure, we have determined that in many instances a radio telemetry method of interrogating the sensors is optimal. Many real-world factors such as architectural details, lighting, power, and HVAC design requirements influence the overall nature of the use of multiplexed fiber sensors in civil structures. In instances where we have multiplexed intensity-modulating fiber sensors onto a single transmit/receive fiber, radio telemeterized command and data acquisition from the fiber sensor `network' may be achieved. The development of the interrogation of the multiplexed fiber optic sensors is presented, as are experimental results obtained from fiber optic vibration sensors.
Effect of testosterone propionate on the thyroid hormone secretion rate in adult male rats.

In normal mature male rats, the daily injection of 2 mg of testosterone propionate (TP) for 10 days prior to and during the estimation of the thyroid hormone secretion rate (TSR) resulted in a significant increase of 25%. Gonadectomy of similar rats resulted in a significant reduction of TSR of 12%. When gonadectomized rats were injected with 2 mg TP daily, the TSR was increased 21%, a significant increase in comparison with the normal TSR and a significant increase of 35% in comparison with the mean TSR after castration. (Endocrinology 81: 656, 1967)
Preferential expression of the maternal allele for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the amphibian hybrid Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) × Ambystoma texanum☆

Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is found primarily in larval and adult liver of both Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) and Ambystoma texanum . It is undetectable in the developing organism until early larval stages (4 weeks; 2.5 cm in length). Upon starch gel electrophoresis the ADHs of A. mexicanum and A. texanum appear as single bands. A. texanum ADH migrates cathodally, while A. mexicanum ADH migrates anodally. Several ADH variants are described in A. texanum . It is possible to produce hybrid offspring by means of artificial insemination. The offspring are viable regardless of which species is the maternal or paternal parent. Both hybrid combinations ( A. mexicanum ♀ × A. texanum ♂; A. mexicanum ♂ × A. texanum ♀) are used to detect the time of expression of ADH genes during development. Starch gel analysis of livers from offspring of both crosses reveals that the maternal form of the enzyme appears at the normal time during development (4 weeks), while the paternal allele is not expressed until 3–5 weeks later. In a cross between A. texanum with the wild-type allele of ADH and an individual of the same species with the variant ADH, both maternal and paternal ADH alleles are expressed simultaneously. These observations suggest that there may be a regulatory incompatibility either at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level between the two species.
the headhunter as hero: local traditions and their reinterpretation in national history

After independence, a search for national heroes in the Indonesian struggle against colonialism drew attention to Wona Kaka, a Sumbanese headhunter who raided Dutch forces in 1911. Praised by some as the first figure in a common national history, he is also used as a champion of local tradition who resists integration into the “imagined community” of the Indonesian state. Controversy over efforts to “call back his soul” from Java shows the ideological bases of the construction of history and clashes between nationalism and opposition to outside control. [history, headhunting, colonialism, nationalist ideology, mythology, Indonesia]
Life prediction for graphite epoxy fiber composites

Lifetime prediction for polymeric fiber composite materials is of pivotal importance for the efficient use of these new material forms. The work in this communication is concerned with the time to failure (lifetime) under conditions of stress rupture or creep rupture. Such states involve constant load on material specimens. Furthermore, the loading condition is taken as one of an imposed state of uni-directional tension (stress) in the fiber direction, for aligned fiber composites. Thus the material response is fiber dominated, but as shall be seen, the matrix phase takes the crucial role in the life prediction methodology.
A rapid method for calculating derivatives of solvent accessible surface areas of molecules

A novel method to calculate the derivatives of solvent accessible surface areas is presented. Unlike earlier analytic methods, which require the molecular topology and the use of global Gauss-Bonnet theorem, this method requires only the fractional accessibilities of surface arcs. We developed an efficient numerical algorithm to calculate the surface arcs by creating a uniform set of points on the circles of intersection between surface atoms. A hierarchical point density doubling scheme led to a logarithmic dependence of Central Processing Unit (CPU) time on the number of points used. This algorithm calculated area derivatives for a 1000-atom protein in 1.5 s on an SGI INDIGO2 which were within 2% of the analytic area derivatives calculated with the program ANAREA. This algorithm scales linearly with the number of atoms for large molecules and is easily parallelizable. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intragastric self-administration of alcohol by rats: A dose-effect comparison

Rats were implanted with a trans-esophageal intragastric cannula and allowed access to saline and three different dosages of ethyl alcohol (EA). Dosages of EA employed were 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/infusion. All subjects readily self-administered the EA at all dosages in a dose-related fashion. The greatest number of infusions was taken by the lowest dosage group, while the least number of infusions was taken by the highest dosage group. For the amount self-administered, the reverse order was observed; rats in the highest dosage group had the highest intake of drug, while those in the lowest dosage group self-administered the least amount.
Buttresses of tropical rainforest trees influence hillslope processes

During heavy rainfall events, the buttresses of tropical rainforest trees limit the occurrence of stemflow-generated overland flow and soil erosion on hillslopes. Buttresses promote infiltration by causing stemflow to diverge into separate flow paths on the trunk and by increasing the stemflow contact area at the ground surface. Buttresses oriented normal to hillslopes function as barriers that further promote infiltration and limit the downslope transport of sediments and chemically-enriched stemflow water. These relationships between buttressing, stemflow, and hillslope processes have not been previously noted in the literature. Buttresses are generally regarded as mechanically efficient support structures that increase the resistance of trees to windthrow and uprooting; however, this also has an inhibiting effect on hillslope processes because the mounds of bare soil uprooted by tree falls are particularly vulnerable to rainsplash erosion.
Reconstructability analysis of genetic loci associated with Alzheimer disease

Reconstructability Analysis (RA) is an information- and graph-theory-based method which has been successfully used in previous genomic studies. Here we apply it to genetic (14 SNPs) and non-genetic (Education, Age, Gender) data on Alzheimer disease in a well-characterized Case/Control sample of 424 individuals. We confirm the importance of APOE as a predictor of the disease, and identify one non-genetic factor, Education, and two SNPs, one in BINI and the other in SORCS1, as likely disease predictors. SORCS1 appears to be a common risk factor for people with or without APOE. We also identify a possible interaction effect between Education and BINI. Methodologically, we introduce and use to advantage some more powerful features of RA not used in prior genomic studies.
High-dose fluconazole therapy for cancer patients with solid tumors and candidemia: an observational, noncomparative retrospective study.

Background Response rates for candidemia treated with standard-dose fluconazole (400 mg/day) are approximately 70%. Higher doses of fluconazole have been recommended for susceptible dose-dependent Candida isolates. Herein, we describe the outcome of 20 patients with solid tumors and candidemia treated with high-dose fluconazole (HDF) at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (1998–2002).
Review of cost estimates for uranium recovery from seawater

Abstract The 4.5 billion tonnes of uranium in seawater is sufficient to power the world's reactor fleet for 13,000 years. For decades, the transformative potential of this enormous resource has prompted interest in technologies for recovering uranium from seawater. Since the 1960s, though, cost analyses of such technologies have failed to convincingly demonstrate a cost-competitive alternative to conventional uranium recovery from terrestrial mining. Hence, uranium from seawater has come to be considered as a backstopping technology that has the potential to establish a price ceiling for the uranium resource. Such an upper bound is valuable because it removes uncertainty surrounding uranium prices when developing and deploying nuclear power systems. This paper reviews cost estimates as the technology has evolved over the past five decades. During this time, systems that actively moved seawater gave way to those where the adsorbent sits passively in seawater. The adsorbent material changed from hydrous titanium oxide to the higher-capacity amidoxime ligand. Early efforts used amidoxime grafted onto an acrylic substrate, which was later replaced by polyethylene because of its increased durability and lower cost. The review shows that capacity, in grams of U per kilogram of adsorbent, is a strong driver of cost along with reusability of the adsorbent. The most recent estimates reviewed are seen to place the U production cost at $400–$1000/kg of U, several times higher than the 2014 spot market price, which has remained near or below $100/kg of U.
Scavenging Byproducts in the Sulfoxide Glycosylation Reaction: Application to the Synthesis of Ciclamycin 0

We have developed a direct and efficient route for the synthesis of ciclamycin 0 using the sulfoxide glycosylation reaction to form the glycosidic linkages. In the course of completing the synthesis of ciclamycin 0, we developed new glycosylation conditions that improve the outcome of the sulfoxide reaction. The conditions involve the addition of agents that scavenge phenylsulfenyl triflate, a highly reactive byproduct that forms following activation of anomeric sulfoxides with triflic anhydride.
van der Waals Interactions and Decrease of the Rotational Barrier of Methyl-Sized Rotators: A Theoretical Study

Rotational barriers of methyl-sized molecular rotators are investigated theoretically using ab initio and empirical force field calculations in molecular models simulating various environmental conditions experienced by the molecular rotors. Calculations on neopentane surrounded by methyl groups suggest that the neopentane's methyl rotational potential energy barrier can be reduced by up to an order of magnitude by locating satellite functional groups around the rotator at a geometry that destabilizes the staggered conformation of the rotator through van der Waals repulsive interactions and reduces the staggered/eclipsed relative energy difference. Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations indicate that this barrier-reducing geometry can also be found in molecular rotators surface mounted on graphite surfaces or carbon nanotube models. In these models, molecular dynamics simulations show that the rotation of methyl-sized functional groups can be catalyzed by van der Waals interactions, thus making very rigid rotators become thermally activated at room temperature. These results are discussed in the context of design of nanostructures and use of methyl groups as markers for microenvironmental conditions.
Susceptibility of Hard Red Spring Wheats to Common Root Rot

Common root rot caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito et Kurib) Drechs. ex Dastur causes substantial loss in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the northern USA and Canada. This study was done to test hard red spring wheat cultivars and lines for susceptibility to common root rot. Spring wheat genotypes were planted in Fargo, ND, in eight field experiments from 1977 to 1990 on a Fargo silty clay (Vertic Haplaquoll). Genotypes exhibited a continuous range of response from susceptible to moderately resistant but none were entirely free from disease. Eight genotypes equalled or exceeded the level of resistance of «Thatcher», long considered the standard for a high level of resistance to this disease
Using iDAVE to determine availability requirements

Different systems have different success-critical stakeholders. Even for the same system, these stakeholders may depend on it in different ways for different scenarios. Therefore a one-size-fits-all dependability metric is unachievable in practice. In order to cost-effectively achieve the stakeholders' desired dependability attribute requirements for a given project, we have to solve such problems as how to define an appropriate level for a particular dependability attribute and how much dependability investment is enough for a particular software/scenario class. However, the answers to those questions are traditionally difficult to obtain. This paper uses a hypothetical Lunar Biological Laboratory (LBL) as an example to illustrate how to use the iDAVE model to determine the appropriate levels of availability requirements for different software/scenario classes based on their different ROI profiles.
Hypophosphatemia and the development of rickets in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice

Our previous work has shown that op/op mice hyperabsorb dietary calcium in the vitamin D-deficient state and shunt that calcium into bone. Under these conditions, the op/op mice are hypocalcemic. The purpose of this study was to examine calcium metabolism and bone mineralization in vitamin D-deficient op/op mice. First, the op/op mice and their normal littermates were placed on a vitamin D-deficient, low phosphorus diet to limit bone mineralization. Under these circumstances, op/op mice survived, even when calcium was also removed from the diet. If the diet contained phosphate, op/op mice died from hypocalcemic tetany when calcium was also removed from the diet. Furthermore, serum calcium levels became similar to wild type in the op/op mice administered the vitamin D-deficient, low phosphorus diet, and op/op mice were able to increase serum calcium in response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The op/op mice developed rickets when their serum phosphorus level was too low to support bone mineralization. The op/op mice became hypophosphatemic on regimens in which normal mice were able to maintain normal serum phosphorus levels. It appears that the op/op mouse simply requires a higher dietary calcium and phosphorus level to prevent rickets and hypocalcemic tetany since the bone is not available as a source of these minerals. However, the ability of the op/op mouse to mineralize bone at low serum calcium and phosphorus levels remains unexplained.
Two new mites (Laelapidae) from West Pakistan.

In more than 14,000 predominantly parasitic mites collected from mammals of West Pakistan between the years 1962 and 1967. 4 specimens of free-living mites are described as new— Androlaelaps pakistanicus and Hypoaspis quadridentalus .
Effects of charge and lipophilicity on mercurial-induced reduction of 45Ca2+ uptake in isolated nerve terminals of the rat.

The goal of this study was to compare the ability of neurotoxic mercurials which differ in ionic charge and/or lipophilicity to block nerve-terminal calcium channels. To do so, we examined the acute effects of methyl mercury (MeHg+), ethyl mercury (EtHg+), inorganic mercury (Hg2+), dimethyl mercury (Me2Hg), p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (PCMBS−) (10–1000 μm) on 45Ca2+ flux into rat forebrain synaptosomes at rest and during depolarization. Basal (depolarization-independent) entry of 45Ca2+ was measured during 10-sec exposure to mercurials in solutions containing 5 mm KCl. Concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 μm of Hg2+, MeHg+, and EtHg+ reduced basal influx of 45Ca2+. PCMB reduced basal influx at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 μm, but increased influx at 1000 μm. PCMBS− and (Me)2Hg had no effect on basal flux at any concentration tested. Uptake of 45Ca2+ was measured after 1 sec of K+-induced depolarization (41.25 mm) to determine influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (“fast” phase) or during the last 10 sec of a 20-sec period of depolarization for uptake associated with a reversed Na+Ca2+ exchanger and a residual noninactivating Ca2+ channel component (“slow” phase). Fast and slow components of 45Ca2+ uptake into synaptosomes were blocked in a concentration-dependent manner by MeHg+, EtHg+, and Hg2+. For block of the fast component, the calculated IC50's and confidence intervals were (μm) EtHg+, 92 (82, 102); Hg2+, 155 (149, 161); and MeHg+, 196 (120, 272). IC50's and the confidence intervals for the slow component of uptake were (μm) Hg2+, 49 (43, 55); MeHg+, 72 (67, 77); and EtHg+, 147 (142, 152). In contrast, Me2Hg, PCMB, and PCMBS− (10–1000 μm) caused no appreciable reduction in either phase of 45Ca2+ uptake. Increasing [Ca2+]e was unable to overcome the block induced by MeHg+ and EtHg+ (100 μm) on either phase of 45Ca2+ uptake into synaptosomes. Likewise, increasing [Ca2+]e failed to overcome block of the slow component by Hg2+ (100 μm). Increasing [Ca2+]e was able to overcome, in part, block of the fast phase induced by Hg2+ (100 μm) although the percentage of reversal was not statistically significant. The magnitude of block of 45Ca2+ uptake increased as a function of increasing [K+]e for MeHg+ and EtHg+, suggesting the block to be voltage-dependent. Thus, mercurials of dissimilar charge and lipophilicity affect synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake differentially. Specifically, results of this study suggest that: (1) high concentrations of certain mercurials affect resting Ca2+ permeability; (2) a positive charge is important for interaction of mercurials with Ca2+ channels during depolarization; (3) organic, monovalent mercurials block influx of 45Ca2+ into synaptosomes in a noncompetitive, voltage-dependent manner; and (4) divalent mercury blocks influx of 45Ca2+ into synaptosomes in a competitive, voltage-independent manner.