cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Property Assessment Standards on Property Tax Burden: An Examination of Systematic Bias in a Market Value Versus a Nonmarket Value Assessment Standard

Property tax is a tax on estimated values rather than on transactions—an important distinction from other taxes. Another distinction is that each state develops its own system for administering the...
Role of direct and resonant (compound state) processes and of their interferences in the quantum dynamics of the collinear H + H2 exchange reaction

The question of the relative importance of compound state (i.e., activated complex) and direct reaction mechanisms has been of central importance for the dynamical foundations of chemical kinetics [1,2]. The studies here reported indicate that in the quantum dynamics of the historically important H + H2 exchange reaction not only do both such mechanisms contribute but also that their interference plays a central role in determining the pronounced quantum oscillations of the reaction probability as a function of energy [3]. This accounts not only for the absence of such oscillations in quasiclassical calculations [4], but also for the inability of the present semiclassical formalism [5] to produce them [6].
Reduction of O-acyl oximes

Abstract NaCNBH3/AcOH and Et3SiH/CF3CO2H were found to be excellent reducing reagents for oxime benzoates without cleaving the NO bond.
Process development for spray drying a value-added extract from aflatoxin-contaminated peanut meal

Summary Peanut meal, the primary by-product of commercial oil crushing operations, is an excellent source of protein although aflatoxin contamination often limits applications for this material. Naturally aflatoxin-contaminated (59 ppb) peanut meal dispersions were adjusted to pH 2.1 or pH 9.1, with or without additional protease and/or a clay absorbent, and the resulting soluble extracts derived from these dispersions were spray dried. Clay addition during processing minimally affected spray-drying yields, protein powder solubility or antioxidant capacities, whereas these properties were significantly altered by pH and protease treatments. Spray-dried hydrolysates produced from peanut meal treated with clay contained significantly less aflatoxin than hydrolysates produced without clay; the effects of pH or enzyme on aflatoxin content were minimal. Peanut meal treated with Alcalase, and clay yielded spray-dried hydrolysates with enhanced antioxidant capacity and increased solubility compared to unhydrolysed controls and had aflatoxin levels below 1 ppb.
Sclerotherapy for malignant pleural effusions: a prospective randomized trial of bleomycin vs doxycycline with small-bore catheter drainage.

Background Malignant pleural effusions are a common problem for patients with metastatic disease. Most patients are treated with tube thoracostomy and sclerotherapy, although there remains no standard approach. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of bleomycin with doxycycline sclerotherapy for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions using small-bore catheters. Methods All patients with a symptomatic malignant pleural effusion referred for chest tube drainage and sclerotherapy over a 2-year period were considered eligible. Using image guidance, a 14F self-retaining catheter was inserted into the pleural space and connected to continuous wall suction. When drainage fell below 200 mL/d, patients were randomized to 60 U of bleomycin or 500 mg of doxycycline sclerotherapy. Response at 30 days was determined. Results One hundred six patients were enrolled in the study. Fifteen men (29%) and 37 women (71%) with a mean age of 57 years received bleomycin sclerotherapy. Twenty-one of the 29 patients (72%) alive and evaluable at 30 days had successful sclerotherapy. Twenty-three men (43%) and 31 women (57%) with a mean age of 61 years received doxycycline sclerotherapy. Twenty-three of the 29 patients (79%) alive and evaluable at 30 days had successful sclerotherapy. There was no significant difference in response rates between doxycycline and bleomycin (p=0.760). Conclusions These data continue to support a role for small-bore chest drainage and sclerotherapy, although there was no significant difference in 30-day response rates between doxycycline and bleomycin.
The effect of pyrocarbon coating permeability on uranium redistribution in high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuels

Abstract The current reference recycle fuel particle for steam-cycle high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors is a UO 2 -UC 2 kernel with a multilayered coating (Triso) deposited in a fluidized bed. The coating comprises a low density pyrolytic carbon buffer, a high density inner pyrolytic carbon coating, SiC and a high density outer pyrolytic carbon coating. The kernel is fabricated from a weak acid ion exchange resin. Microradiographic examination of coated weak acid, ion exchange resin particles demonstrated that a considerable quantity of uranium can be transferred from the kernel into the buffer coating during fabrication. Since one function of the buffer coating is to absord fission product recoil, this behavior is a potential source of failure of the high density inner pyrolytic carbon coating. Fuel redistribution in Triso particles can result from permeation of the inner pyrolytic carbon by HCl during SiC deposition. Since the SiC deposition employs decomposition of methyltrichlorosilane (CH 3 SiCl 3 ), HCl is readily available during this process. The permeability of the inner pyrolytic carbon coating to HCl gas has a marked effect on the extent of this fuel dispersion for certain fuel kernel conditions. Permeability of pyrolytic carbon to chlorine was determined by 1500°C chlorine-leaching studies to be a strong function of the coating density, the hydrocarbon gas dilution in the coating furnace and the coating temperature but to be relatively unaffected by application of a “seal” coat, by the coating thickness or by subsequent annealing of the pyrolytic carbon coatings at 1800°C. With this information it is possible to modify the inner pyrolytic carbon coating to prevent uranium redistribution due to coating permeability.
Chronic hyper-hemolysis in sickle cell anemia: association of vascular complications and mortality with less frequent vasoocclusive pain.

Background Intravascular hemolysis in sickle cell anemia could contribute to complications associated with nitric oxide deficiency, advancing age, and increased mortality. We have previously reported that intense hemolysis is associated with increased risk of vascular complications in a small cohort of adults with sickle cell disease. These observations have not been validated in other populations. Methods The distribution of serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) values was used as a surrogate measure of intravascular hemolysis in a contemporaneous patient group and an historical adult population from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease (CSSCD), all with sickle cell anemia. Chronic hyper-hemolysis was defined by the top LDH quartile and was compared to the lowest LDH quartile. Results Hyper-hemolysis subjects had higher systolic blood pressure, higher prevalence of leg ulcers (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.92-5.53, P<0.0001), priapism (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.13-6.90, P = 0.03) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 4.32, 95% CI 2.12-8.60, P<0.0001), while osteonecrosis (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19-0.54, P<0.0001) and pain (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.09-0.55, P = 0.0004) were less prevalent. Hyper-hemolysis was influenced by fetal hemoglobin and α thalassemia, and was a risk factor for early death in the CSSCD population (Hazard Ratio = 1.97, P = 0.02). Conclusions Steady state LDH measurements can identify a chronic hyper-hemolysis phenotype which includes less frequent vasooclusive pain and earlier mortality. Clinicians should consider sickle cell specific therapies for these patients, as is done for those with more frequent acute pain. The findings also suggest that an important class of disease modifiers in sickle cell anemia affect the rate of hemolysis.
725 SUCCESSFUL CORRECTION OF A BONE MARROW STEM CELL DEFECT (WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME) BY ALLOGENEIC MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

Two patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have had the establishment of both normal immune and hemopoietic function following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from HLA-A, -B, and -D identical sibling donors. Previous attempts by others had achieved only partial engraftment. The patients were successfully transplanted only after preparation with rabbit anti-human thymocyte serum (ATS) and total body irradiation (TBI). One patient was initially transplanted after preparation with high dose cytosine arabinoside (150 mg/m2 × 7 days) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg × 4 days). Only a T lymphocyte graft was achieved and the patient recovered his own hematopoietic function. After 6 months the recipient's T lymphocytes returned. The patient was successfully re-transplanted after ATS and TBI (880R) preparation. A second patient was successfully transplanted after initial ATS and TBI (850R) preparation. Both patients have normal platelet counts and function. The immune systems of both patients are of donor origin. Neither patient has had any acute nor chronic graft versus host disease. The successful treatment of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome may be a model for the treatment of other genetically determined bone marrow disorders. (Supported by NIH grants RR-128, AI-05877 and Ca-13472.)
Adsorption of CO on kinked surface areas of Pt and Rh: the relation between work function change upon saturated adsorption and the work function of the corresponding clean adsorbent area

Abstract Using FEM, work function measurements were carried out on kinked surface areas of Pt and Rh ({210}, {531}Rh, {321}, {520}, {310}, {320}, {430} and {741}Pt). The work function change after saturated CO adsorption at room temperature, ΔoCO, increases with decreasing work function of the corresponding clean adsorbent area, ok. The dependence appears to be linear. The slope was identified as the ratio of two surface dipole moments, μ CO μ Me . (μCO dipole moment (per molecule) of the CO adlayer adsorbed on kink atoms; μMe dipole moment of the metal kink atom.) The experimental values of the ratio are close to unity.
Stability of lifting rigs with offset loads

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the effects of load offset on the equilibrium and stability of two-dimensional lifting rigs. To accomplish this task the potential energy function, the equations of equilibrium, and the conditions for stability are derived. In general, the nonlinear set of equilibrium equations cannot be solved by standard numerical techniques such as Newton's method. Thus, a robust continuation algorithm is implemented for the solution of these equations. Results presented include stability boundary plots that can be used in the design of lifting rigs. Also illustrated is the effect of load offset on the rig platform angle.
Paired Associate Rote Learning in Deaf and Hearing Subjects

Ninety-two deaf and 92 hearing subjects were administered a four-pair and an eight-pair word-numeral task under three methods for demonstrating the correct pairs. On each task, the deaf and hearing...
Perioperative risk factors for 30-day mortality after bariatric surgery: is functional status important?

Although the mortality from bariatric surgery is low, perioperative determinants of morbidity and mortality in the bariatric surgery population to date have not been fully defined. This study aimed to evaluate the factors capable of predicting perioperative mortality based on preoperative characteristics with a national patient sample. From the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, all the primary bariatric procedures performed between 2007 and 2009 were identified. Using univariate analysis, factors associated with increased perioperative (30-day) mortality were identified. Logistic regression was used to select correlates of 30-day mortality, which were subsequently integrated into a simplified clinical scoring system based on the number of comorbid risk factors. The study identified 44,408 patients (79 % women, 21 % men) with a mean age of 45 ± 11 years. The cumulative 30-day perioperative mortality rate was 0.14 %. The majority of the procedures performed included laparoscopic gastric bypass (54 %) followed by laparoscopic gastric banding (33 %) and open gastric bypass (7 %). Independent predictors associated with significantly increased mortality included age >45 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.45], male gender (AOR = 1.77), a body mass index (BMI) of 50 kg/m2 or higher (AOR, 2.48), open bariatric procedures (AOR, 2.34), diabetes (AOR, 2.88), functional status of total dependency before surgery (AOR, 27.6), prior coronary intervention (AOR, 2.66), dyspnea at preoperative evaluation (AOR, 4.64), more than 10 % unintentional weight loss in 6 months (AOR, 13.5), and bleeding disorder (AOR, 2.63). Ethnicity, hypertension, alcohol abuse, liver disease, and smoking had no significant association with mortality in this study. Risk stratification based on the number of preoperative comorbid factors showed an exponential increase in mortality as follows: 0–1 comorbidities (0.03 %), 2–3 comorbidities (0.16 %), and 4 comorbidities or more (7.4 %). This model provides a straightforward, precise, and easily applicable tool for identifying bariatric patients at low, intermediate, and high risk for in-hospital mortality. Notably, baseline functional status before surgery is the single most powerful predictor of perioperative survival and should be incorporated into risk stratification models.
Bomb detection using backscattered x-ray radiography

The primary method used to determine if an unattended package is dangerous is currently transmission radiography. This system has two main drawbacks. First, the film must be placed on one side of the package and an x-ray source on the other side of the package. An arrangement that cannot always be achieved due to the position of the package. The other drawback is that the package may detonate before the film is removed and all the information about the package lost.
Neocortical Somatostatin-Expressing GABAergic Interneurons Disinhibit the Thalamorecipient Layer 4

Subtypes of GABAergic interneurons (INs) are crucial for cortical function, yet their specific roles are largely unknown. In contrast to supra- and infragranular layers, where most somatostatin-expressing (SOM) INs are layer 1-targeting Martinotti cells, the axons of SOM INs in layer 4 of somatosensory cortex largely remain within layer 4. Moreover, we found that whereas layers 2/3 SOM INs target mainly pyramidal cells (PCs), layer 4 SOM INs target mainly fast-spiking (FS) INs. Accordingly, optogenetic inhibition of SOM INs in an active cortical network increases the firing of layers 2/3 PCs whereas it decreases the firing of layer 4 principal neurons (PNs). This unexpected effect of SOM INs on layer 4 PNs occurs via their inhibition of local FS INs. These results reveal a disinhibitory microcircuit in the thalamorecipient layer through interactions among subtypes of INs and suggest that the SOM IN-mediated disinhibition represents an important circuit mechanism for cortical information processing.
STERILIZATION OF BOLL WEEVIL PUPAE WITH FRACTIONATED DOSES OF GAMMA IRRADIATION

Fractionated doses of 6,250–8,000 rads of gamma irradiation when administered to pupae of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boh., sexually sterilized both sexes. Mortality of males thus treated with 6,250 and 8,000 rads via fractionation was 14% and 27% respectively, by 5 days posttreatment compared with 46% mortality when an equivalent acute dose was administered to newly emerged adults. Pheromone production of males irradiated at 6,250 rads was one-third that of the control for the first 4 days, but equal that of the control during 5–11 days posttreatment. This procedure lends itself to the large-scale sterilization of weevils needed in an eradication program. This technique is applicable to other insects that are highly susceptible to acute doses. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG STERILISATION VON BAUMWOLLKAPSELKAFERPUPPEN MIT FRAKTIONIERTEN DOSEN EINER GAMMABESTRAHLUNG Durch fraktionierte Dosen von insgesamt 6250 und 8000 rads einer Gammabestrahlung (25 bzw. 32 Teilbehandlungen zu 250 rads mit 4 h-Intervallen) wurden Puppen des Baumwollkapselkafers, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in beiden Geschlechtern sexuell sterilisiert. Die Sterblichkeit, 5 d nach der Behandlung, betrug bei den so behandelten Mannchen bei 6250 rads 14%, bei 8000 rads 27% im Vergleich zu 46%, wenn eine aquivalente akute Dosis bei frisch geschlupften Kafern angewendet wurde. Die Pheromonproduktion der Mannchen in den ersten 4 d erreichte bei 6250 rads-Bestrahlung 1/3 derjenigen der Kontrolltiere; 5–11 d nach der Behandlung war kein Unterschied. Dieses Verfahren eignet sich fur die Massensterilisation von Kapselkafern, wie sie bei einem Ausrottungsprogramm notig ist. Diese Technik ist anwendbar auf andere Insekten, die gegenuber akuten Dosen hochempfindlich sind.
A New Approach to Setting Vehicle Emission Standards

Urban ambient air quality trend analysis was evaluated as an alternative to rollback analysis to estimate vehicle emission standards needed to achieve national ambient air quality standards. Examination of the trends of monthly maximum 8 hour average carbon monoxide concentrations, central business district traffic activity, and emission rates from vehicles on the road suggests that the automotive exhaust emission standard for carbon monoxide derived in response to the requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 may be ten times too severe. The excessive stringency of the vehicle emission standard for carbon monoxide was confirmed by two different analyses of the correlation between annual mean carbon monoxide concentration and frequency of occurrence of carbon monoxide concentrations above the level of the 8-hour standard. One correlation analysis using all available CAMP data involved an empirical approach and the other assumed that carbon monoxide concentrations are described by the lognormal ...
2060 Chiron: Visual and thermal infrared observations

Five-color (wavelength = 0.36-0.85 microns) and thermal infrared (wavelength = 22.5 microns) photometric observations of the unusual asteroid 2060 Chiron were made. Between 0.36 and 0.85 microns, Chiron's reflectance spectrum is similar to those of C-class asteroids as well as Saturn's satellite Phoebe. However, the thermal IR measurements imply an albedo greater than 0.05 (i.e., a diameter of less than 250 km at the 2-sigma level) that is probably higher than those of C-class asteroids or Phoebe.
The Gibbs energy of formation for URe2 obtained from the interaction between UN and Re

UN and Re interact at high temperatures to form URe2 when the nitrogen pressure in equilibrium with UN is sufficiently low. This reaction has been studied as a function of temperature between 1700 and 1900 K to give the equation log P(atm) = 9.015−20026T for the equilibrium nitrogen pressure over the reaction UN + 2Re ai URe2 + 12N2. The Gibbs energy of formation for URe2 is given by ΔGf(J/mol) = 2.37T − 113518 (1700–1900 K). The reaction rate between UN and Re was determined between 1700 and 1900 K.
Primer on pediatric intracranial ependymomas

Aims and Objectives: To review the clinical features and current understanding of the biology and management of pediatric ependymoma, critically analysing the different treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE database, bibliographies of selected articles, and current English-language texts on the subject were reviewed. A Pubmed search was made with keywords pediatric, intracranial, ependymoma, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Most recent articles and also significant older articles having all above said words were selected and their results were compared in detail. Results: Almost all articles stress the complete or near total resection of the tumor at first surgery followed by radiotherapy in patients older than 3 years of age and chemotherapy in younger children. Conformal radiation therapy (CRT) is a technique which has promising results. Conclusion: Local tumor control is single most important prognostic factor. This is best achieved through gross total tumor resection wherever possible. Radiotherapy should be offered to all patients (>3-years age) with focused dose (CRT) to tumor bed. Chemotherapy with the current agents does not appear to hold much promise. However, it may be useful in the context of providing the surgeon with an opportunity to do further surgery on a tumor that is less vascularized.
Structure of Supersonic Flames Imaged Using OH/Acetone Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence

The general structure of a supersonic flame was identified by obtaining images of the laser-induced fluorescence from hydroxyl (OH) radicals and from acetone, which was used to mark the hydrogen fuel in the low-temperature region upstream of the lifted flame base. Results are compared to the numerical simulations of Roy and Edwards (Roy, C. J., and Edwards, J. R., Numerical Simulation of a Three-Dimensional Flame/Shock Wave Interaction, AIAA Journal, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2000, pp. 745-754). The flame properties are significantly affected by the liftoff of the flame base and by the intense fuel/air mixing in the liftoff region, both of which are driven by the supersonic coflow. The lifted supersonic flame has the following two features that are associated with premixed flames: 1) there is significant mixing of air into the fuel stream upstream of the flame base (as evidenced by the rapid decrease in the fuel marker intensity in the low temperature liftoff region); 2) OH radicals (but not fuel) exist on the centerline everywhere downstream of the flame base. This condition is significantly different from the conditions within attached jet flames, which typically contain fuel near the centerline from the flame base to the flame tip. The results indicate that precautions should be taken in the attempt to model lifted flames, so that the premixed nature of the flame base is simulated correctly.
Exploiting Human Memory B Cell Heterogeneity for Improved Vaccine Efficacy

The major goal in vaccination is establishment of long-term, prophylactic humoral memory to a pathogen. Two major components to long-lived humoral memory are plasma cells for the production of specific immunoglobulin and memory B cells that survey for their specific antigen in the periphery for later affinity maturation, proliferation, and differentiation. The study of human B cell memory has been aided by the discovery of a general marker for B cell memory, expression of CD27; however, new data suggests the existence of CD27- memory B cells as well. These recently described non-canonical memory populations have increasingly pointed to the heterogeneity of the memory compartment. The novel B memory subsets in humans appear to have unique origins, localization, and functions compared to what was considered to be a “classical” memory B cell. In this article, we review the known B cell memory subsets, the establishment of B cell memory in vaccination and infection, and how understanding these newly described subsets can inform vaccine design and disease treatment.
Noticing Request-Realization Forms in Implicit Pragmatic Input: Impacts of Motivation and Language Proficiency

This study explored EFL learners’ pragmalinguistic awareness in processing implicit pragmatic input and the extent to which their awareness of the target features was related to motivation and proficiency. It was carried out in an EFL context to explore the roles of these two variables, particularly intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, in noticing bi-clausal request forms in implicit pragmatic input. The participants in this research were 121 advanced EFL learners from a language center, participating as members of intact classes. All participants took a proficiency test and completed a motivation questionnaire in order to explore the factorial structure of motivation. Then, out of them, 35 learners were randomly selected to form the treatment group. They then took part in a noticingthe-gap activity as a treatment task. The degree of learners' awareness of the target pragmalingustic features was assessed through a respective awareness questionnaire administrated immediately after the treatment. However, the current study shows that EFL students are rather extrinsically motivated and instrumentally oriented to notice
Ethical Issues in Expert Opinions and Testimony

As the private sector rehabilitation industry matures, certain ethical and malpractice issues have emerged. This article provides an overview of ethical issues in private for-profit practice, with particular focus on expert testimony, using examples from a sample of claims filed with the National Association of Rehabilitation Professionals in the Private Sector (NARPS), malpractice insurance companies, selected court cases, and complaints submitted to NARPPS Standards Compliance Review Board Committee and the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification. It is evident that complaints have a direct relationship to at least half of the ethical canons of the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors because they most frequently involve issues related to competence, the client-counselor relationship, professional relationships, confidentiality, and use of the certified rehabilitation counselor (CRC) designation.
Software safety analysis in heterogeneous multiprocessor control systems

The integration of software fault tree analysis and timed Petri nets to facilitate software safety analysis in heterogeneous multiprocessor control systems is discussed. Any system analysis done using software fault trees may also be done by using Petri nets, but the mechanics of doing the Petri net analysis may be cumbersome. The authors present an example of analysis, proving that the design of a change in the flight control system of the A-6 fighter/bomber prevents an important hazard, inadvertent missile launch during practice. Drawing on this example analysis, a general technique for integrating these two analysis techniques using a semantic model for information sharing between the techniques during the analysis is described. >
IMPACT OF SEED PREDATORS ON THE HERB BAPTISIA LANCEOLATA (FABALES: FABACEAE)

Leguminous seeds are a concentrated source of nutrition (Brashier 2000). In a nutrient-poor habitat, these seeds are important resources for many of the animal species residing there. Several insect predators are known to feed on Baptisia seeds. One such insect is Apion rostrum Say (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a weevil that feeds on seeds of several wild indigo species. Females lay eggs in developing seed pods where the larvae eat the seeds.
Tempered processes and a Riesz decomposition for some martingales in the limit

Several papers have appeared in the past few years which have explored the topic of the Riesz decomposition for amarts. Such a decomposition for amarts enjoys several special properties. See [5, p. 208–209]. While it has been proved in [6] that not every martingale in the limit has a Riesz decomposition “in the weakest form assuring uniqueness” it is the major objective of this paper to characterize a class of martingales in the limit which is strictly larger than the class of amarts but enjoys all the properties of the decomposition for amarts.
Reentry of the Ethylene MPK6 Module

All higher plants produce the gaseous hormone ethylene, which serves as an important regulator of growth, development, and disease resistance ([Bleecker and Kende, 2000][1]). Beginning with the identification of etr1 (for ethylene response 1 ), an ethylene insensitive mutant ([Bleecker et al., 1988
EFFECT OF MOISTURE ADDITION AT THE MIXER TO A CORN-SOYBEAN-BASED DIET ON BROILER PERFORMANCE

Abstract Moisture addition at the mixer has been shown to increase pellet durability and decrease pellet mill energy consumption for corn-soybean-based diets; however, the effect of this process on animal performance has not been tested. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of moisture addition on male broiler live weight gain (LWG), feed efficiency (FE), and mortality. Moisture was added to the diets at the mixer. The diets were fed in the form of mash or crumbled/pelleted feed. Feed form and moisture treatments were applied to a 0-to-3-wk battery study and a 0-to-6-wk floor pen study. Feeding crumbled/standard pelleted diets resulted in higher LWG and FE compared to mash diets in both studies. High moisture pelleted treatments contributed to significantly higher adjusted FE in the 3-to-6-wk period of the floor pen experiment compared to the low moisture treatments. Broiler death was affected only in the 3-to-6-wk period of the floor pen experiment, in which standard pelleted diets produced a significantly higher percentage of mortality relative to mash diets. These results show that high moisture pelleted diets are beneficial to bird performance when fed in the 3-to-6-wk grower period, and crumbled/pelleted diets are superior to mash throughout broiler rearing.
Controlled compliance haptic interface using electrorheological fluids

ERFs are electroactive fluids that experience dramatic changes in rheological properties, in the presence of an electric field. The fluids are made from suspensions of an insulating base fluid and particles on the order of one tenth to one hundred microns in size. In the presence of an electric field, the particles, due to an induced dipole moment, will form chains along the field lines. This induced structure changes the ERFs viscosity, yield stress, and other properties, allowing the ERF to change consistency from that of a liquid to something that is viscoelastic, such as a gel, with response times to changes in electric fields on the order of milliseconds. In this paper the modeling and experimental studies of a novel ERF based haptic interface are presented. Forces applied at a robot end-effector due to a compliant environment are reflected to the remote human operator using this ERF based haptic interface where a change in the system viscosity occurs proportionally to the force to be transmitted. Results of preliminary test are presented where forces, displacements, pressure and temperature data are measured and analyzed.
Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits growth of hepatoblastoma (HEP G2) cells by means of activation of clearance receptors.

To investigate whether atrial natriuretic factor regulates the growth of hepatocytes and to determine the receptor subtype involved in such modulation, we studied the effect of atrial natriuretic factor 103–126 and clearance receptor binding analogs of atrial natriuretic factor, (des-(Q116, S117, G118, L119, G120) atrial natriuretic factor 102–121 and des-(C105,121) atrial natriuretic factor 104–126) on growth of human hepatoblastoma cells. Atrial natriuretic factor 103–126 and des-(Q116, S117, G118, L119, G120) atrial natriuretic factor 102–121 inhibited thymidine incorporation into human hepatoblastoma cells cultured in the presence of bovine serum albumin and epidermal growth factor but not in cells cultured in bovine serum albumin alone. Moreover, atrial natriuretic factor 103–126, des-(Q116, S117, G118, L119, G120) atrial natriuretic factor 102–121 and des-(C105,121) atrial natriuretic factor 104–126, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation. As monitored by the ability of des-(Q116, S117, G118, L119, G120) atrial natriuretic factor 102–121 to displace 125I-labeled atrial natriuretic factor, epidermal growth factor increased the expression of cell surface clearance receptors. Epidermal growth factor also transiently increased the cellular content of atrial natriuretic factor clearance receptor messenger RNA without altering the levels of guanylyl cyclase–linked atrial natriuretic factor receptor messenger RNA levels. Maximal increase in atrial natriuretic factor clearance receptor messenger RNA coincided with the maximal increase in des-(Q116, S117, G118, L119, G120) atrial natriuretic factor 102–121–displaceable 125I-atrial natriuretic factor binding sites. The ability of atrial natriuretic factor clearance receptor–binding ligands to inhibit thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation–coupled with the selective upregulation of clearance receptor expression by epidermal growth factor, which facilitates the growth modulatory actions of atriopeptins–indicates that the atrial natriuretic factor clearance receptors mediate the growth regulatory actions of atrial natriuretic factor. Additionally, the clearance receptor–binding ligands decreased cellular cyclic AMP content only under conditions in which clearance receptors are expressed, suggesting that modulation of cyclic AMP by activation of these receptors regulates growth. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:677–684.)
Bryostatin-1 Stimulates the Transcription of Cyclooxygenase-2: Evidence for an Activator Protein-1-Dependent Mechanism

Bryostatin-1 (bryostatin) is a macrocyclic lactone derived from Bugula neritina, a marine bryozoan. On the basis of the strength of in vitro and animal studies, bryostatin is being investigated as a possible treatment for a variety of human malignancies. Severe myalgias are a common dose-limiting side effect. Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandins can cause pain, we investigated whether bryostatin induced COX-2. Bryostatin (1-10 nM) induced COX-2 mRNA, COX-2 protein, and prostaglandin biosynthesis. These effects were observed in macrophages as well as in a series of human cancer cell lines. Transient transfections localized the stimulatory effects of bryostatin to the cyclic AMP response element of the COX-2 promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershift experiments revealed a marked increase in the binding of activator protein-1 (AP-1)(c-Jun/c-Fos) to the cyclic AMP response element of the COX-2 promoter. Pharmacological and transient transfection studies indicated that bryostatin stimulated COX-2 transcription via the protein kinase C-->mitogen-activated protein kinase-->AP-1 pathway. All-trans-retinoic acid, a prototypic AP-1 antagonist, blocked bryostatin-mediated induction of COX-2. Taken together, these results suggest that bryostatin-mediated induction of COX-2 can help to explain the myalgias that are commonly associated with treatment. Moreover, it will be worthwhile to evaluate whether the addition of a selective COX-2 inhibitor can increase the antitumor activity of bryostatin.
Bait formulation and distribution for oral rabies vaccination of domestic dogs: an overview

LINHART, S.B. 1993. Bait formulation and distribution for oral rabies vaccination of domestic dogs: an overview. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 60:479--490 Current efforts to develop oral rabies vaccine baits for domestic dogs are reviewed and new materials (bait matrices, additives, vaccine containers, vaccine modification) for improving bait acceptance and vaccine delivery are suggested. Methods that have been used to evaluate the food or bait preferences of confined and free-ranging animals are summarized, as are the guidelines for bait distribution compiled by the World Health Organization.
Costly signaling and cooperation.

We propose an explanation of cooperation among unrelated members of a social group in which cooperation evolves because it constitutes an honest signal of the member’s quality as a mate, coalition partner or competitor, and therefore results in advantageous alliances for those signaling in this manner. Our model is framed as a multi-player public goods game that involves no repeated or assortative interactions, so that non-cooperation would be a dominant strategy if there were no signaling bene"ts. We show that honest signaling of underlying quality by providing a public good to group members can be evolutionarily stable, and can proliferate in a population in which it is initially rare, provided that certain plausible conditions hold, including a link between group-bene"cial signaling and underlying qualities of the signaler that would be of bene"t to a potential mate or alliance partner. Our model applies to a range of cooperative interactions, including unconditionally sharing individually consumable resources, participating in group raiding or defense, and punishing free-riding or other violations of social norms. ( 2001 Academic Press
Conductivity of disordered solids: Resolution of discrepancies between micro- and macro-response models

The widely used 1972 macroscopic electric-modulus formalism for conductive-system frequency-response data analysis is corrected to render it properly consistent with purely mobile-charge situations. The corrected model is found to be fully consistent with a 1973 microscopic stochastic-response approach based on continuous-time random-walk hopping when the effect of a limiting high-frequency dielectric constant associated only with charge motion is added to the latter model. When stretched-exponential temporal response with a temperature-dependent b exponent is used to generate the modulus-formalism response model, its temporal dependence is not of stretched-exponential character, and ac conductivity may show non-Arrhenius behavior and an approach to saturation at high temperatures.
Immersion Tolerance in Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Differs Among Species but not Behavioral Groups

ABSTRACT Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are exposed to hypoxic conditions throughout their life cycle, including exposure to periods of severe hypoxia and hypercapnia within dung pats and closed burrows as adults. For rollers and tunnelers, underground brood chambers may also be exposed to flooding from seasonal precipitation. Because of their routine exposure to hypoxic conditions, these species may exhibit significant tolerance to immersion. Thus, this study examined the immersion tolerance of five species of adult dung beetles, Aphodius haemorrhoidalis (L.), Canthon pilularius (L.), Melanocanthon nigricornis (Say), Onthophagus hecate (Panzer), and Phanaeus vindex MacLeay, representing three behavioral groups (rollers, tunnelers, dwellers) by submersing them in hypoxic water (dissolved oxygen concentrations below 0.3 ppm). We found no differences in time to 50% mortality (LT50) among behavioral groups. Mean survival times ranged from 7–37 hours, with P. vindex having the shortest LT50 of 7.87 h...
Understanding the mechanism of glucose-induced relief of Rgt1-mediated repression in yeast

The yeast Rgt1 repressor inhibits transcription of the glucose transporter (HXT) genes in the absence of glucose. It does so by recruiting the general corepressor complex Ssn6-Tup1 and the HXT corepressor Mth1. In the presence of glucose, Rgt1 is phosphorylated by the cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) and dissociates from the HXT promoters, resulting in expression of HXT genes. In this study, using Rgt1 chimeras that bind DNA constitutively, we investigate how glucose regulates Rgt1 function. Our results show that the DNA-bound Rgt1 constructs repress expression of the HXT1 gene in conjunction with Ssn6-Tup1 and Mth1, and that this repression is lifted when they dissociate from Ssn6-Tup1 in high glucose conditions. Mth1 mediates the interaction between the Rgt1 constructs and Ssn6-Tup1, and glucose-induced downregulation of Mth1 enables PKA to phosphorylate the Rgt1 constructs. This phosphorylation induces dissociation of Ssn6-Tup1 from the DNA-bound Rgt1 constructs, resulting in derepression of HXT gene expression. Therefore, Rgt1 removal from DNA occurs in response to glucose but is not necessary for glucose induction of HXT gene expression, suggesting that glucose regulates Rgt1 function by primarily modulating the Rgt1 interaction with Ssn6-Tup1.
Review of Children of Divorce: Stories of Loss and Growth (2nd ed.)

This is a brilliant synthesis of existing research on the impact of divorce upon children. The research is informed by detailed personal narratives of divorce by over 1,000 college students, and th...
Logic Verification Methodology for PowerPC&#8482; Microprocessors

The PowerPC logic verification methodology is a general purpose approach suitable for a large class of chip designs that can exceed five million transistors in size. Several validation techniques are integrated into an automated logic verification strategy. The success of this methodology has been demonstrated by realizing three PowerPC microprocessor chips that were functional the first time.
Wall Relief: A Health-Oriented Interactive Installation for the Workplace Environment

Recently, workplace settings are reflecting a shift from traditional work-oriented values to promoting work/life balance and employee well-being. Technology has the ability to contribute to workplace enjoyment through the incorporation of employee activities and health-centric initiatives. Furthermore, tangible computing and interactive media can be used to explore novel interaction methods for positive user-computer experiences. We leverage these concepts to inform the development of a playful and engaging interactive installation aimed at promoting health-oriented experiences in the workplace. In this work, we detail our initial steps and design decisions to address this objective. The result is Wall Relief, a Tai Chi-inspired interactive wall unit developed to create an engaging, ephemeral experience that guides the user through a series of upper-body movements.
A Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Needle Break

### Adverse Event Our patient was 13 years and 2 months old, a white boy with type 1 diabetes diagnosed 2 years and 5 months before this adverse event (AE). He had no other significant medical history. His A1C was 7.6% 1 month before the insulin infusion needle break event. The patient had started on the t-slim insulin pump (Tandem Diabetes Care, San Diego, Calif.) 1 year and 6 days before the AE occurred. He was using the contact Detach (Unomedical, Inc., Bridgewater, N.J.) infusion set and lispro insulin. The contact Detach infusion set features a very fine, 29-gauge, 90° steel needle. With its additional adhesive pad, contact Detach provides extra security against needle dislodging. Its simplicity and security make it a good choice for active young children, pregnant women, and adults for whom soft cannula sets do not work well. The contact Detach set is available in 6- and 8-mm needle lengths and 23- and 32-inch tubing lengths (1). There were no reported previous pump AEs, emergency department visits, or diabetes ketoacidosis episodes related to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy. The patient’s BMI was 18.65 kg/m2. The patient’s mother reported changing the pump site, per usual, on 16 July 2014. When she went to remove the infusion set, the needle was not attached to it. The parents could not find the needle. The patient did not feel any pain or discomfort where the infusion set had been placed. At the time the 8-mm needle broke off from the infusion site, it had been placed on the upper left buttock area at a 90° angle with IV3000 1-HAND adhesive dressing (Smith & …
Methodological Issues and Practices in Measuring Perinatal Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Outcomes

Information about the effectiveness of alcohol and other drug treatment programs for chemically dependent women is limited, partly due to a general lack of studies, as well as methodological limitations among those that do exist. This manuscript describes some issues and practices derived from the design and implementation of an evaluation of health and social outcomes of participants in the California Perinatal Services Network, a statewide effort designed to promote perinatal alcohol and other drug treatment and recovery through effective services. Certain advantages and disadvantages for sampling, recruitment, and data analytic strategies based on findings from this research are presented that may be useful to the planning and implementation of other AOD outcomes investigations.
Segregation and mapping of allozymes of the apple maggot fly

The genetics of electrophoretic enzyme variants (allozymes) of 11 enzymes of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella, has been investigated by single-pair crosses. All allozymes segregated as simple Mendelian genes. Null alleles occur at two enzymes--phosphoglucomutase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Five linkage groups have been established.
Regulation of B-type intercalated cell apical anion exchange activity by CO2/HCO3-.

The cortical collecting duct (CCD) B cell possesses an apical anion exchanger dissimilar to AE1, AE2, and AE3. The purpose of these studies was to characterize this transporter more fully by examin...
Potential Risks of Poorly Monitored Ketamine Use in Depression Treatment

At the time of his initial presentation to a tertiary medical center in 2012, “Mr. A” was a 52-year-old divorced man with a 30-year history of recurrent major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and a remote history of outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder as a young adult. His first episode of major depression occurred at age 22 in association with a suicide attempt (he jumped off a four-story building) and subsequent hospitalization. Mr. A’s medical history was significant for corrected hypothyroidism. The prospective course of illness encompassed four subsequent psychiatric admissions at our medical center, annually from 2012 to 2014, illustrating clear treatment-resistant depression and a reemerging pattern of substance misuse (alcohol, benzodiazepines, and ketamine). Mr. A’s admission in the summer of 2012 focused on consultation for depression and consideration of ECT. Prior medication trials of optimal dose and duration included trazodone, escitalopram, bupropion, and mirtazapine with lamotrigine and aripiprazole augmentation strategies. Mr. A reported negligible alcohol consumption (a single drink on rare occasions). He received seven bilateral ECT treatments, and his symptoms improved; his score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale declined from 37 on admission to 8 at discharge. He was discharged after 18 days on mirtazapine monotherapy with recommendations to maximize his dosing of mirtazapine and to add lithium for augmentation following his ECT course. HereceivedthreeadditionalECTtreatmentspriortoself
Growth and Structure of Cu and Au on the Nonpolar ZnO(101̅0) Surface: STM, XPS, and DFT Studies

The morphology and electronic structure of Cu and Au clusters deposited via thermal evaporation onto ZnO(1010) substrates have been studied via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The initial stages of nucleation and growth (∼0.2 ML) of both Cu and Au are compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which show an excellent agreement with the cluster morphologies observed by STM, with Cu nucleating three-dimensional (3D) islands even at small coverage while Au nucleates single-layer islands that grow layer by layer. DFT also gives insight into the diffusion behavior of Cu and Au adatoms on the ZnO substrate, showing strongly anisotropic diffusion barriers for Cu atoms which results in the experimentally observed preferential cluster nucleation along [0001] step edges, whereas Au shows no such anisotropy and Au clusters are observed to have no preferred nucleation sites. XPS results show a slight positive charging of the small Cu clusters at 0.2 ML...
Bronchoesophageal fistula secondary to broncholith.

An 85-year-old African-American man with past medical history significant for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, remote pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung silicosis, presented with 1 month history of dyspnea, fever, dysphagia and chronic cough with purulent sputum. TB was treated with quadruple therapy 15 years ago and has not had respiratory symptoms since. His occupation for most of his lifetime was construction and demolition. He smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 50 years and quit 10 years ago. Examination of the chest revealed bilateral expiratory wheezing more prominent on the right side with dullness to percussion on the right base. A chest roentgenogram (CXR) showed right lower lobe consolidation suggesting pneumonia. Given his past history of TB …