cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to Make a Relationship Last: Release Sites with Different Levels of Commitment

Stimulus-induced changes in synaptic strength endure for periods ranging from minutes to days. In this issue of Neuron, Kim et al. show that two distinct types of synaptic change-synaptic vesicle movement into previously empty varicosities and formation of new varicosities-may determine intermediate- versus long-term synaptic facilitation.
Synthesis and application of core-shell Au–TiO2 nanowire photoanode materials for dye sensitized solar cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been widely studied as alternatives for generation of electricity from sunlight due to their efficiency and cost effectiveness. Increasing the electron transport out of the metal oxide is important in achieving higher efficiency. Enhancing light absorption can also improve cell efficiency. The motive of this work was to synthesize and use Au–TiO2 core-shell nanowires as anode materials in DSSCs in order to increase cell efficiency by enhancing electron transport out of the oxide and/or increasing light collection efficiency. TiO2 nanotubes were first grown in alumina templates using a sol–gel method. Gold nanowires were subsequently grown in the pores of these tubes by electrodeposition. Resulting nano-structured arrays were characterized using electron microscopy and diffraction techniques; the results show that the wires were highly aligned and well separated. The current–voltage (J–V) behavior for the Au–TiO2 core-shell nanowire based DSSCs was compared to the J–V data for TiO2 nanotube based DSSCs, indicating substantial improvements upon incorporation of the Au core nanowires. TiCl4 treatment of the Au–TiO2 core-shell nanowire structures resulted in further efficiency improvements.
Wave Breaking Dissipation in the Wave-Driven Ocean Circulation

Abstract If wave breaking modifies the Lagrangian fluid paths by inducing an uncertainty in the orbit itself and this uncertainty on wave motion time scales is observable as additive noise, it is shown that within the context of a wave–current interaction model for basin- and shelf-scale motions it persists on long time scales. The model of McWilliams et al. provides the general framework for the dynamics of wave–current interactions. In addition to the deterministic part, the vortex force, which couples the total flow vorticity to the residual flow due to the waves, will have a part that is associated with the dissipative mechanism. At the same time the wave field will experience dissipation, and tracer advection is affected by the appearance of a dissipative term in the Stokes drift velocity. Consistency leads to other dynamic consequences: the boundary conditions are modified to take into account the diffusive process and proper mass/momentum balances at the surface of the ocean. In addition to formula...
PMU data-based fault location techniques

Accurate fault location promotes the reliability of the power system. This paper reviews various fault location techniques for transmission lines and presents PMU-based fault location methods. In 1950, the traveling waves-based fault location was first proposed. It calculates the fault location by measuring the relative time of the traveling wave arrives at the ends of transmission line. However, the high sampling rate limits its application. Then, fault location based on impedance was also developed. This method measures the voltage and current of one or two ends of the transmission line to calculate the fault impedance. Thus, the fault location could be known if the impedance of the transmission line is uniform. What's more, distributed parameter transmission line model based method is also presented. In this paper, two-ended data are assumed to be measured by PMUs. Three-phase and one-phase transmission lines with two sources are tested in PSCAD. Simulation results of fault location methods based on negative-sequence impedance and distributed parameter transmission line models are also given.
Magnetic measurement of creep damage: modeling and measurement

Results of inspection of creep damage by magnetic hysteresis measurements on Cr-Mo steel are presented. It is shown that structure-sensitive parameters such as coercivity, remanence and hysteresis loss are sensitive to creep damage. Previous metallurgical studies have shown that creep changes the microstructure of he material by introducing voids, dislocations, and grain boundary cavities. As cavities develop, dislocations and voids move out to grain boundaries; therefore, the total pinning sources for domain wall motion are reduced.This, together with the introduction of a demagnetizing field due to the cavities, results in the decrease of both coercivity, remanence and hence, concomitantly, hysteresis loss. Incorporating these structural effects into a magnetomechanical hysteresis model developed previously by us produces numerical variations of coercivity, remanence and hysteresis loss consistent with what is measured. The magnetic model has therefore been used to obtain appropriately modified magnetization curves for each element of creep-damaged material in a finite element (FE) calculation. The FE calculation has been used to simulate magnetic detection of non-uniform creep damage around a seam weld in a 2.25 Cr 1Mo steam pipe. In particular, in the simulation, a magnetic C-core with primary and secondary coils was placed with its pole pieces flush against the specimen in the vicinity of the weld. The secondary emf was shown to be reduced when creep damage was present inside the pipe wall at the cusp of the weld and in the vicinity of the cusp. The calculation showed that the C- core detected creep damage best if it spanned the weld seam width and if the current in the primary was such that the C- core was not magnetically saturated. Experimental measurements also exhibited the dip predicted in emf, but the measurements are not yet conclusive because the effects of magnetic property changes of weld materials, heat- affected material, and base material have not yet been sorted out experimentally form the effects of creep damage.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transcranial near-infrared light therapy improves motor function following embolic strokes in rabbits : An extended therapeutic window study using continuous and pulse frequency delivery modes

Photon or near-infrared light therapy (NILT) may be an effective neuroprotective method to reduce behavioral dysfunction following an acute ischemic stroke. We evaluated the effects of continuous wave (CW) or pulse wave (P) NILT administered transcranially either 6 or 12 h following embolization, on behavioral outcome. For the studies, we used the rabbit small clot embolic stroke model (RSCEM) using three different treatment regimens: 1) CW power density of 7.5 mW/cm(2); 2) P1 using a frequency of 300 mus pulse at 1 kHz or 3) P2 using a frequency of 2 ms pulse at 100 Hz. Behavioral analysis was conducted 48 h after embolization, allowing for the determination of the effective stroke dose (P(50)) or clot amount (mg) that produces neurological deficits in 50% of the rabbits. Using the RSCEM, a treatment is considered beneficial if it significantly increases the P(50) compared with the control group. Quantal dose-response analysis showed that the control group P(50) value was 1.01+/-0.25 mg (n=31). NILT initiated 6 h following embolization resulted in the following P(50) values: (CW) 2.06+/-0.59 mg (n=29, P=0.099); (P1) 1.89+/-0.29 mg (n=25, P=0.0248) and (P2) 1.92+/-0.15 mg (n=33, P=0.0024). NILT started 12 h following embolization resulted in the following P(50) values: (CW) 2.89+/-1.76 mg (n=29, P=0.279); (P1) 2.40+/-0.99 mg (n=24, P=0.134). At the 6-h post-embolization treatment time, there was a statistically significant increase in P(50) values compared with control for both pulse P1 and P2 modes, but not the CW mode. At the 12-h post-embolization treatment time, neither the CW nor the P1 regimens resulted in statistically significant effect, although there was a trend for an improvement. The results show that P mode NILT can result in significant clinical improvement when administered 6 h following embolic strokes in rabbits and should be considered for clinical development.
A fast and accurate method for solving subsurface contaminant transport problems with a single uncertain parameter

Abstract A new approximate random sampling method is described for numerical solution of the contaminant transport equation where a single uncertain parameter is present. The solution consists of the probability distribution of concentration at any point in space and time as a function of the uncertain parameter. The method is based on a limited sampling of the parameter space and subsequent interpolation of the information obtained at the sample points. This interpolation produces a complete approximation of a function that relates the random parameter and the concentration. The interpolation is performed using Hermite polynomials which require function and derivative information at each sample point. The theory is developed and an example of the computation of the distribution of concentration resulting from the distribution of a single effective conductivity is presented. Numerical results suggest that this method may be one to two orders of magnitude faster than a conventional Monte Carlo approach in solving this stochastic problem while yielding comparable accuracy.
The quadrupolar kondo effect: Lattice instability and large γ-values

Abstract The thermodynamic Bethe-ansatz equations of the two-channel spin- 1 2 Kondo problem (quadrupolar Kondo effect) are solved numerically and the entropy, specific heat, quadrupolar moment and the susceptibility are obtained as a function of the (quadrupolar) field and temperature. The impurity has a finite entropy at T = 0 and for small fields the specific heat shows two peaks as a function of temperature.
Surgical Repair of a Common Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm After Minor Blunt Trauma

Pseudoaneurysms of the common carotid arteries are rare and have been associated with both penetrating and blunt trauma. Intervention is warranted in most cases to avert the sequelae of rupture or embolization. Treatments are tailored to the specific patient on a case by case basis. This report describes an unusual case of common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after minor blunt trauma and reviews the diagnostic and treatment modalities available.
Biological agents with potential for misuse: a historical perspective and defensive measures

Biological and chemical agents capable of producing serious illness or mortality have been used in biowarfare from ancient times. Use of these agents has progressed from crude forms in early and middle ages, when snakes and infected cadavers were used as weapons in battles, to sophisticated preparations for use during and after the second World War. Cults and terrorist organizations have attempted the use of biological agents with an aim to immobilize populations or cause serious harm. The reasons for interest in these agents by individuals and organizations include relative ease of acquisition, potential for causing mass casualty or panic, modest financing requirement, availability of technology, and relative ease of delivery. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classified Critical Biological Agents into three major categories. This classification was based on several criteria, which include severity of impact on human health, potential for delivery in a weapon, capacity to cause panic and special needs for development, and stockpiling of medication. Agents that could cause the greatest harm following deliberate use were placed in category A. Category B included agents capable of producing serious harm and significant mortality but of lower magnitude than category A agents. Category C included emerging pathogens that could be developed for mass dispersion in future and their potential as a major health threat. A brief description of the category A bioagents is included and the pathophysiology of two particularly prominent agents, namely anthrax and smallpox, is discussed in detail. The potential danger from biological agents and their ever increasing threat to human populations have created a need for developing technologies for their early detection, for developing treatment strategies, and for refinement of procedures to ensure survival of affected individuals so as to attain the ultimate goal of eliminating the threat from intentional use of these agents. International treaties limiting development and proliferation of weapons and continuing development of defense strategies and safe guards against agents of concern are important elements of plans for eliminating this threat.
Laminar forced convection in rectangular channels with unequal heat addition on adjacent sides

Wall temperature distribution for laminar forced convection in rectangular channels with unequal heat addition on adjacent sides
Corn oil‐based composites reinforced with continuous glass fibers: Fabrication and properties

Novel thermosetting composites have been successfully developed using glass fibers to reinforce regular corn oil (COR) and conjugated corn oil (CCOR) resins prepared by cationic copolymerization with styrene (ST) and divinylbenzene (DVB). The dependence of morphology and physical properties of the composites on the contents of glass fibers and DVB was determined by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and tensile testing. The glass fiber loading and polymer matrix composition play an important role in improving the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resulting composites. As the glass fiber content increases from 0 to 45 wt %, the COR-based composites show an increase in Young's modulus from 4.1 to 874 MPa and tensile strength from 1.7 to 8.4 MPa. Furthermore, the composites exhibit good damping properties and are suitable for applications where reduction of both unwanted noise and vibration is important. Compared with the composites from COR, the CCOR-based composites exhibit slightly higher thermal stabilities and mechanical properties, due to higher reactivity of CCOR with comonomers. Increasing the DVB content improves the crosslink density of the polymer matrix, leading to a significant improvement in the thermal stabilities and mechanical properties of the resulting composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3345–3353, 2006
Impact on the earth, ocean and atmosphere

On the basis of finite-difference techniques, cratering flow calculations are used to obtain the spatial attenuation of shock pressure with radius along the impact axis for the impact of silicate rock and iron impactors on a silicate half-space at speeds of 5 to 45 km/sec. Upon impact of a 10 to 30 km diameter silicate or water object onto a 5 km deep ocean overlying a silicate half-space planet at 30 km/sec, it is found that from 12 to 15 percent of the incident energy is coupled into the water. The mass of atmosphere lost due to impacts of 1 to 5 km radius projectiles is calculated.
Some Thoughts on The Anachronism in Forgiveness

Consider that forgiveness is always given ahead of time. Set within a moral context, this claim is apt to sound suspect, as it seems to invite transgression and all manner of immoral indulgence. When the context shifts to one of religious possibility, however, the claim can be read to entertain a redemptive anachronism: a memory of future innocence. The author examines forgiveness in both contexts and makes a case for the religious possibility.
Use of stable isotopes to identify dietary differences across subpopulations and sex for a free-ranging generalist herbivore.

Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in tissues can be used to understand plants consumed by various taxa, but can they provide additional information about consumers? Values of δ13C and δ15N were assessed from tissue of free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) occupying disparate habitats of mixed prairie-oak savannah that contained C3 agricultural crops in a C4-dominated landscape and in key plants consumed by elk. Muscle and hoof samples were collected from female and male elk in two subpopulations (forested land and grassland) from private land and one subpopulation from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge (refuge) in 2001–2006. Previous research identified differences between mean muscle δ13C and δ15N and mean hoof δ13C and δ15N indicating that isotopes differed between tissues of varying metabolic activity. Mean δ13C in hoof of elk on forested land and grassland were lower than hoof δ13C from elk in the refuge indicating greater long-term consumption of C3 plants by elk on forested land and grassland subpopulati...
Power test: Evaluating realism in response to the end of the cold war

(2000). Power test: Evaluating realism in response to the end of the cold war. Security Studies: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 60-107.
Analysis of the transmission, reflection and noise properties of distributed feedback laser amplifiers☆

Abstract The transmission and reflection characteristics of distributed feedback (DFB) laser amplifiers are determined. Near the oscillation threshold of a DFB mode a relation is found between gain and bandwidth which can be used to obtain an expression for an intrinsic noise linewidth that is analogous to that found by Schawlow and Townes.
Avocational sensation seeking in high and low risk-taking occupations

Abstract This study investigated whether people engaged in high risk-taking occupations (involving placing themselves or others in jeopardy) would seek or prefer highly stimulating activities of a nonvocational nature more than people engaged in low risk-taking occupations. One hundred air traffic controllers (high risk-takers) were compared with 78 civil service employees and college students (low risk-takers). The high risk-taking group scored significantly higher than the low risk-taking group on all five dimensions of the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale, indicating a higher need for sensation stimulation. These findings lend support to the proposition that risk-taking as a response style is related to occupational group membership.
Tuning mechanical properties of block copolymer/aluminosilicate hybrid materials

In this work the primary mechanical property profiles of a specific class of nano-structured polymer/inorganic hybrid materials are characterized. By utilizing sol-gel aluminosilicate synthesis with amphiphilic polyisoprene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers as structure-directing agents, block copolymer/aluminosilicate hybrid materials are prepared with nanometer scale hexagonally packed cylinders and lamellae of the inorganic hybrid components, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering. Systematic thermal and dynamic mechanical analyses are performed on these hybrids as well as on the constituting components. Results reveal two transitions from the low temperature, glassy state of the hybrids into high temperature elastic plateau regions, with moduli that vary over orders of magnitude as a function of composition and morphology. The first transition can be assigned to the glass transition of the PI domains while the second is ascribed to a temperature induced softening of the organic components within the PEO/hybrid domains. The results suggest that in the present nanostructured block copolymer/aluminosilicate hybrid materials composition and morphology provide a powerful tool to tailor mechanical property profiles.
Stress‐Induced Microcracking at Second‐Phase Inclusions

The critical inclusion size for microcracking due to an applied stress for an inclusion that has a residual stress field is estimated using fracture mechanics. In particular, an analysis is presented for both circumferential and radial crack formation at spherical inclusions that have a uniform misfit strain compared to the matrix. It is found that the critical size can be greatly reduced below that for spontaneous microcracking when the applied stress is of the order of the residual stress. It was predicted that the applied stress would cause extensive micro-cracking when the local fracture toughness is low and when the size of the inclusions approaches the critical size for spontaneous microcracking.
At-Risk Readers Developing Expertise in Register Switching: Evidence from Cohesion Analysis.

Register refers to the variety of language that is appropriate for a particular situational context. This study examines young children’s development of register switching expertise as they become independent readers. Participants were 17 first graders identified by their classroom teachers as at-risk readers and admitted into an early literacy intervention program called Reading Recovery. At both the beginning and end of Reading Recovery, each child was asked to share a story about a personally relevant topic in a face-to-face, conversational context and then dictate that same oral tale as an autonomous/written text intended for a reader audience. The 68 texts (34 oral and 34 written) were analysed for their use of register-appropriate cohesive linguistic choices. It was found that as these at-risk children grew from emergent to independent, strategic readers, they were concurrently developing skills in constructing written register texts by recontextualising the cohesion language patterns in their oral register texts. It is suggested that developing expertise in register switching may compose part of the process of learning to read and write. This finding is discussed in the light of relevant literacy and educational research.
VALUE‐AT‐RISK AND CORPORATE VALUATION

Although first used mainly by financial institutions to evaluate their trading risks, Value-at-Risk (VAR) can also be used to enhance an industrial corporation's understanding and management of its market risks. To illustrate this broader application of VAR analysis, the authors present a simple example focusing on the valuation of a closely held company. In this case, VAR is used to analyze the sensitivity of the firm's value to movements in uncertain exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates.
New Directions for Feminist Therapy Based on Social Constructionism

Feminist therapy has made significant contributions in the area of women's mental health care. Of late, however, critics have argued that feminist therapists are neglecting the needs of many women. The unique perspectives of women of color, lower and upper class women, lesbians, and other persons have been ignored. As such, it is proposed that social constructionism offers a metaframework for reinterpreting feminist therapy tenets to better address the needs of a broad range of individuals. Clinical implications are offered along with future directions for research and education.
Effect of Hang‐in Percentage on Catch Rates of Flounder in the North Carolina Inshore Gill‐Net Fishery

Abstract The effects of hang-in percentage (degree of tautness) on the catch efficiency of gill nets for paralichthine flounders in North Carolina were examined using monofilament gill nets with 5.75-in stretched mesh. Nets with hang-in percentages of 33% and 60% were fished in pairs and were separated by a single monofilament gill net of 5.50-in stretched mesh. Catches of the paired test nets were significantly different, with the catches obtained by the looser nets (60% hang-in) exceeding the catches in the more tightly hung nets (33% hang-in) by 37% in number of fish and 46% in estimated weight. Length-frequency distributions of the catch were not significantly different between the paired nets with different hang-in percentages. Length-frequency distributions of legal-sized fish taken in 5.50- and 5.75-in stretched-mesh nets were significantly different, with the smaller mesh size resulting in a smaller (left-shifted) length-frequency distribution. Thus, hang-in percentage can be manipulated to alter ...
THE EFFECT UPON PERMEABILITY OF (I) THE SAME SUBSTANCE AS CATION AND ANION, AND (II) CHANGING THE VALENCY OF THE SAME ION

In a recent paper (I) facts were presented which indicate that polyvalent cations do not cause an increase in the resistance of Laminaria if they are combined with polyvalent anions, and it seems natural to suppose that the difference between the action of a salt with a bivalent cation and a monovalent anion, e.g., MgC12, and one with a bivalent cation and a bivalent anion, such as MgSO4, is due to the extra charge on the anion. Cations seem to cause an increase in resistance and anions a decrease. In MgC12 the action of the cation is dominant; in MgSO4, the action of the anion. If this effect is due to electrical charge, we may ask what will happen if the same ion is used as cation and as anion. This problem seems at first glance to present great difficulties because it is necessary to work with solutions which are not strongly acid or alkaline. Certain elements (such as aluminum, arsenic, chromium, etc.) exist both as cations and as anions, but they are very weak acids or bases and solutions of their salts are not neutral. The difficulty may be surmounted in a measure, however, by adding enough acid to the alkaline solution to bring its pH value down to that of the acid solution. If necessary the conductivity, may be increased by mixing with a neutral salt (e.g., NaCl). For this purpose, chromous chloride, sodium chromate, chromic acid, and sodium chloride were used. The chromous chloride is not soluble enough to make the conductivity equivalent to that of normal sea water, and in order that the osmotic pressure of the sea water (with which the solution is compared) should not be too low, the chromous chloride was mixed with sodium chloride. The final solution was then composed of 50 percent chromous chloride 0.6I M and 50 percent sodium chloride 0.52 M. This mixture has greater electrical resistance than sea water and has a pH of about 4.5 as determined by the hydrogen electrode. When tissue is transferred to tbis mixture from diluted sea water of the same conductivity, the following changes in resistance are observed (see fig. i, A): 464
Subverting MIMO wireless systems by jamming the channel estimation procedure

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies are popular in emerging wireless systems. Optimal MIMO communication is achieved by applying a waterfilling solution over the parallel subchannels associated with the channel matrix between a transmitter and receiver. The viability of such a method relies on the transmitter and receiver performing the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the estimated channel matrix. The estimation and use of the estimated channel matrix, however, is a point of weakness that can be used to subvert MIMO communication. In this paper, we investigate strategies for disrupting MIMO communications by developing attacks that target the channel estimation procedure of a MIMO system. Specifically, we study the impact that jamming the channel estimation procedure can have on SVD-based MIMO systems. Further, most new standards that employ MIMO incorporate space-time block coding (STBC) to bolster throughput and reliability. Although the choice of STBC varies across the standards, the Alamouti [5] scheme is a common basis for many protocols, including 802.11n, WiMAX, and 3GPP. We present jamming attacks that target the Alamouti scheme, and support their validity and effectiveness in the real world using the USRP/GNU Radio platform.
Activation of RpoS-dependent proP P2 transcription by the Fis protein in vitro

Abstract The proP gene, encoding a transporter of the osmoprotecting compounds proline and glycine betaine, is expressed from two promoters. Transcription of the P2 promoter occurs at a transient period in late exponential phase and is dependent upon Fis and the RpoS (σ 38 ) sigma factor. Here we characterize Fis-mediated activation of the P2 promoter in vitro . We find that this promoter displays unusually high specificity for σ 38 . Fis strongly activates P2 when bound to site I centered at −41 within the promoter region. There is a complex relationship involving DNA supercoiling and potassium glutamate concentration on Fis activation, but most efficient transcription occurs under high salt conditions when the superhelical density is above −0.03. The major stimulatory effect of DNA supercoiling occurs between superhelical densities of 0 to −0.02 suggesting that, while supercoiling is mechanistically important, it may not be a physiologically relevant controlling factor. However, the stimulation of transcription by high potassium glutamate concentrations may contribute to the osmotic inducibility of the P2 promoter. We show that Fis and Eσ 38 bind cooperatively on supercoiled DNA to form a stable complex at P2 that involves promoter melting. Fis also binds to a second site within the proP regulatory region. While binding to this site appears to play no role in Fis activation of the P2 promoter, it functions as a repressor of transcription initiating from the P1 promoter by either σ 70 or σ 38 .
Vasopressin transiently stimulates phospholipase C activity in cultured rat hepatocytes

Vasopressin stimulated phospholipase C activity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes maintained for 18–24 h under serum free conditions. Soluble and membrane-associated phospholipase C activity was determined using exogenous [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ([ 3 H]PIP 2 ) in the presence of cholate, deoxycholate and NaCl. Exposure of hepatocytes for 5 s to vasopressin (100 nM) stimulated both membrane-associated and soluble phospholipase C activity by 30% and 40%, respectively. However, by 15 s this stimulation had disappeared. Addition of vasopressin to hepatocytes, previously labelled with [ 3 H]inositol, stimulated inositol phosphate production within 5 s, but little further increase was seen over a 5-min incubation. These results indicate that vasopressin rapidly stimulates both soluble and membrane-associated phospholipase C activity.
Intelligibility of Time-Altered Speech in Relation to Chronological Aging

The Northwestern University Auditory Test Number 6 (NU-6) measure of speech discrimination was time compressed and presented to four age groups ranging from 54 to 84 years of age. Experimental stimuli were presented at sensation levels of 24, 32, and 40 dB to an equal number of right and left ears and male and female subjects. Results indicated that intelligibility decreased as a function of increasing time compression and age and decreasing sensation level. Changes in speech intelligibility associated with the aging process appear to be closely allied to changes in the temporal resolving power of the central auditory processing system.
A High Capacity Li-Ion Cathode: The Fe(III/VI) Super-Iron Cathode

A super-iron Li-ion cathode with a 3-fold higher reversible capacity (a storage capacity of 485 mAh/g) is presented. One of the principle constraints to vehicle electrification is that the Li-ion cathode battery chemistry is massive, and expensive. Demonstrated is a 3 electron storage lithium cathodic chemistry, and a reversible Li super-iron battery, which has a significantly higher capacity than contemporary Li-ion batteries. The super-iron Li-ion cathode consists of the hexavalent iron (Fe(VI)) salt, Na2FeO4, and is formed from inexpensive and clean materials. The charge storage mechanism is fundamentally different from those of traditional lithium ion intercalation cathodes. Instead, charge storage is based on multi-electron faradaic reduction, which considerably enhances the intrinsic charge storage capacity.
Constructing Intelligent Living Space Controlling System with Bluetooth and Speech-Recognition Microprocessor

This study focused on designing an intelligent living-space with automatic control system to control all home appliances in the space. First of all, the system was constructed with two parts; one is remote control mechanism with Bluetooth (BT) module mounting on both master controller module (remote controller) and slave receiver module on every home appliance, the other is to design the remote controller with speech-recognition and function of self-learning human voice so that people could directly give command to control appliances Therefore, the technique of BT communication and speech-recognition microprocessor became the most important in this study. After implementing the finished projects, the whole system was proved successful and the final result of this research has achieved both national patent and National Award of Practical Projects Design authorized by Taiwan Education Ministry.
Normative values for the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-7) and Short Form Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) in patients 65 and older presenting for non-urological care

Objective To determine the scores of two commonly used urologic questionnaires in community dwelling elderly patients receiving non-urologic primary care. Methods Patients 65 years and older presenting for routine non-urologic primary care from April to July 2004 were eligible for enrollment. They completed a questionnaire evaluating demographics, AUA-7, UDI-6, and one visual analogue quality of life (QOL) question (range 0, pleased to 10, terrible). Total and question specific scores were analyzed. In addition, correlations among urinary symptoms and QOL scores were performed. Results In 157 patients who satisfied the study criteria, total and question-specific scores for the AUA-7 and UDI-6 were mildly elevated and similar across age groups in both sexes. Question 1 (frequency) rendered the highest score for both women and men from the UDI-6 questionnaire (mean 1.3 and 0.74, respectively). Question 7 (nocturia) rendered the highest score for both women and men from the AUA-7 questionnaire (mean 1.87 and 0.940, respectively). A total of 32 (27%) of 118 women and 6 (15%) of 39 men were found to have high elevation in QOL scores (>5). Conclusion The total scores for the AUA-7 and UDI-6 were found to be mildly elevated but stable with age over time in this older population. These data provide useful information for urologists regarding baseline ranges for urinary symptoms in the elderly population. Over one-third of women were found to have a significant elevation in QOL scores (>5) which suggest a need for improvement in identifying and addressing urinary symptoms among elderly women. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV+ patients may influence the selection of HIV-1 protease variants

Approximately 500 HIV-1 protease gene (pro) sequences were obtained from oral tissues (gingival cuff, buccal mucosa, tongue, palate) as well as saliva and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 80 HIV-1 positive patients by nested amplification and manual sequencing of PCR products. By visual inspection each patient in this study exhibited a unique sequence profile. HIV-1 pro sequences obtained from patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC(+) patients) had significantly higher numbers of mutations than sequences from OPC(-) patients, but OPC(+) patients were no more likely to accumulate protease inhibitor resistance mutations than OPC(-) patients. Although the sequences for each patient were predominantly consistent between PBMC and oral tissues, approximately 10% of the patients demonstrated tissue specificity, and patients that demonstrated tissue specificity tended to be OPC(+). Furthermore, HIV-1 pro sequences derived from OPC lesions demonstrated unique mutations in approximately 30% of the patients who provided paired OPC(+/-) samples of the same tissue type. These data provide evidence for minimal compartmentalization of HIV-1 in oral tissues, yet some patients demonstrate minor variation between the HIV-1 pro sequences obtained from an OPC lesion and those obtained from a non-lesion site of similar tissue.
Independent diagnostic value of fluorescein angiography in the evaluation of intraocular tumors.

· Background: Fluorescein angiography has been used in the clinical evaluation of suspected neoplastic lesions of the ocular fundus for over 30 years. Yet, the independent diagnostic value of this photographic technique in patients with suspected intraocular neoplasms has never been determined. · Methods: The authors evaluated color fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms of 50 mass lesions of the ocular fundus. The cases were chosen to reflect a broad spectrum of lesions, including choroidal malignant melanoma, choroidal nevus, circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, metastatic carcinoma to the choroid, miscellaneous other neoplasms, hamartomas, or choristomas, and non-neoplastic lesions simulating neoplasms. Ten experienced retinal specialists independently reviewed the angiograms (presented in random order without the corresponding color fundus photographs) and rendered a diagnosis. Approximately 1 month later, each retinal specialist independently reviewed the color fundus slides (presented in a different random order without the corresponding fluorescein angiograms) and again rendered a diagnosis for each lesion. · Results: The accuracy of angiographic diagnosis by the different reviewers ranged from 16% to 56% (average 45.4%), while that based on review of the color fundus slides ranged from 32% to 78% (average 59.0%). This difference is statistically significant. · Conclusion: Fluorescein angiography alone did not appear to be a reliable method for establishing the clinical diagnosis of neoplasms and simulating lesions of the ocular fundus.
Elevated radioxenon detected remotely following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Abstract We report on the first measurements of short-lived gaseous fission products detected outside of Japan following the Fukushima nuclear releases, which occurred after a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. The measurements were conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), (46°16′47″N, 119°16′53″W) located more than 7000 km from the emission point in Fukushima Japan (37°25′17″N, 141°1′57″E). First detections of 133 Xe were made starting early March 16, only four days following the earthquake. Maximum concentrations of 133 Xe were in excess of 40 Bq/m 3 , which is more than ×40,000 the average concentration of this isotope is this part of the United States.
Managing the Refractory Case of Feline IBD

Feline inflammatory bowel disease (FIBD) is characterized by persistent gastrointestinal signs, histologic evidence of mucosal inflammation, and responsiveness to immunotherapeutic intervention. Since a concise and comprehensive review of IBD has been recently presented (Jergens 1999), the purpose of this overview is to provide current perspectives on FIBD, and strategies for dealing with patients that fail to respond to routine medical management.
Hot-electron surface retention in intense short-pulse laser-matter interactions

Implicit hybrid plasma simulations predict that a significant fraction of the energy deposited into hot electrons can be retained near the surface of targets with steep density gradients illuminated by intense short-pulse lasers. This retention derives from the lateral transport of heated electrons randomly emitted in the presence of spontaneous magnetic fields arising near the laser spot, from geometric effects associated with a small hot-electron source, and from E fields arising in reaction to the ponderomotive force. Below the laser spot hot electrons are axially focused into a target by the B fields, and can filament in moderate Z targets by resistive Weibel-like instability, if the effective background electron temperature remains sufficiently low. Carefully engineered use of such retention in conjunction with ponderomotive density profile steepening could result in a reduced hot-electron range that aids fast ignition. Alternatively, such retention may disturb a deeper deposition needed for efficient radiography and backside fast ion generation.
Polarization Sensitive Direction of Arrival Distribution for Radiowave Multipaths: A Comparison of Multiple Geometric Models

In the literature, many geometric models have been derived to characterize the distribution of the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the multipaths of a signal upon a wireless receiver. Polarization is an essential part of wireless propagation but is often unclear to which particular analytical models work best. This communication performs a comprehensive study of the eleven existing polarization models in propagated signals, using sophisticated mathematical techniques to fit the models with two datasets. Model parameters with the lowest mean squared error are found using both a grid search method and using MATLAB's fmincon constrained optimization algorithm, with the latter yielding parameters with lower mean squared errors for all models with both data sets. The estimates found for the Gaussian model using the constrained optimization algorithm are consistent with previous work, suggesting this method is robust. For both datasets the Gaussian model is outperformed by models with elliptical supports.
Going Bright: Wiretapping without Weakening Communications Infrastructure

Mobile IP-based communications and changes in technologies, including wider use of peer-to-peer communication methods and increased deployment of encryption, has made wiretapping more difficult for law enforcement, which has been seeking to extend wiretap design requirements for digital voice networks to IP network infrastructure and applications. Such an extension to emerging Internet-based services would create considerable security risks as well as cause serious harm to innovation. In this article, the authors show that the exploitation of naturally occurring weaknesses in the software platforms being used by law enforcement's targets is a solution to the law enforcement problem. The authors analyze the efficacy of this approach, concluding that such law enforcement use of passive interception and targeted vulnerability exploitation tools creates fewer security risks for non-targets and critical infrastructure than do design mandates for wiretap interfaces.
Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography

Soft lithography is an alternative to silicon-based micromachining that uses replica molding of nontraditional elastomeric materials to fabricate stamps and microfluidic channels. We describe here an extension to the soft lithography paradigm, multilayer soft lithography, with which devices consisting of multiple layers may be fabricated from soft materials. We used this technique to build active microfluidic systems containing on-off valves, switching valves, and pumps entirely out of elastomer. The softness of these materials allows the device areas to be reduced by more than two orders of magnitude compared with silicon-based devices. The other advantages of soft lithography, such as rapid prototyping, ease of fabrication, and biocompatibility, are retained.
Cultivating the moral character of learning and teaching: a neglected dimension of educational leadership

This essay intends to examine the moral character of learning and teaching and the concomitant implications for educational leaders. With the academic curriculum in mind, I ask the basic question: why should young people learn the standard academic curriculum that schools confront them with? Although the expected answer might be, in the present policy context, to prepare them for the increasingly complex and competitive world of work, I answer that it is to prepare them to engage the cultural, the natural, and the historical worlds represented in the academic curriculum—to engage those worlds as members whose identities are shaped by those worlds, whose futures require skillful and satisfying participation in those worlds, and whose membership impose responsibilities to those worlds. The analysis presents a critique of the decontextualized, abstract, depersonalized learning expected of learners, a learning of right answers to test questions, without any clear understanding or justification of why these an...
Abstract ES01-1: Targeting the DNA damage response in triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises approximately 25 percent of breast cancer deaths. There is a critical need to develop better therapeutic options for TNBC patients. We hypothesize that at least a subset of these cancers are especially dependent on DNA repair mechanisms that are coordinated by the ATR kinase-dependent DNA damage response signaling pathway. This hypothesis has been tested using genetic and chemical genetic approaches. We are working to develop small molecule inhibitors of the ATR pathway, understand how they work, and identify when these targeted therapies may provide clinical benefit. Our studies of an ATR selective inhibitor indicate that it kills cells due to a requirement for ATR signaling to complete DNA replication. ATR inhibition is synergistic with other chemotherapeutic agents such as platinum crosslinking drugs. ATR-inhibitor treated cells accumulate toxic DNA double-strand breaks and large stretches of single-stranded DNA through an active process catalyzed by deregulated nucleases and helicases. Effective biomarkers of ATR inhibition include DNA-PK, H2AX, RPA, and ATR phosphorylation. We have also worked with colleagues at Vanderbilt Medical School to identify additional therapeutic targets and develop small molecule inhibitors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES01-1.
Possible Ethanol-Induced Tolerance in Rats

A tilting-plane technique was employed to determine the effects of alcohol on performance of rats with specific attention to development of possible tolerance. Significant differences were obtained only on the first day of treatment with possible tolerance developing in only 1 day. No significant learning effects could be shown over the 3-week period.
Optimum Selection of Discrete Tolerances

Tolerancing involves considerations from all phases of the life cycle of a product including design, manufacturing, assembly, and inspection. Along with minimum cost and maximum functionality and interchangeability, the practice of tolerancing urges a designer to choose an appropriate manufacturing (or inspection) process as well. This situation is formalized as a discrete optimization problem. For an optimum selection of tolerances from a given discrete model involving various manufacturing processes, minimization of manufacturing cost is achieved under the constraint of tolerance stack-up. A random variable and its standard deviation are associated with a dimension and its tolerance. This probabilistic approach enables a trade-off between performance and tolerance (cost). But it also suggests probabilistic optimization. With the aid of a notion called the reliability index [8], tolerance selection is formulated as an integer programming problem. A branch and bound algorithm for ensuring optimum selection is developed by exploiting the special structure of the constraints. To make the enumeration tree small, monotonic relations among the reliability index, cost, and tolerance are examined. The algorithm is tested with examples.
Bread and Warmth in ONE DAY IN THE LIFE OF IVAN DENISOVICH

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (hereinafter referred to as One Day) tells the story of a political prisoner, Shukov, in one of Stalin's “special camps” after World ...