cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compact relativistic magnetron with gaussian beam radiation pattern

We present a compact relativistic magnetron with a simple mode converter that radiates the TE 11 -mode when the operating mode of the magnetron is the π-mode. The magnetron used in this study has the standard A6 magnetron [1] dimensions except that the microwaves are extracted axially from a cylindrical waveguide whose radius is the same as the cavity radius. The proposed mode converter implements an anode endcap that electrically opens those cavities whose electric field distribution corresponds to the polarization of the TE 11 - mode and closes the remaining cavities. This configuration has several advantages: 1) The TE 11 output mode can be easily converted into a Gaussian-like beam by means of a conical horn antenna, 2) Axial extraction of microwaves in this manner allows one to use a compact solenoid mounted directly onto the magnetron tube, thereby requiring a small volume for the applied axial magnetic field and reducing the energy requirement for the magnet system, 3) The rapidly diverging magnetic field lines from the solenoid enables a quick deposition of the downstream leakage electrons onto the waveguide, thereby protecting the dielectric window of the radiating horn antenna from electron bombardment [ 2].
Oxidative Stress–Induced Iron Signaling Is Responsible for Peroxide-Dependent Oxidation of Dichlorodihydrofluorescein in Endothelial Cells Role of Transferrin Receptor–Dependent Iron Uptake in Apoptosis

Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) is one of the most frequently used probes for detecting intracellular oxidative stress. In this study, we report that H2O2-dependent intracellular oxidation of DCFH to a green fluorescent product, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), required the uptake of extracellular iron transported through a transferrin receptor (TfR) in endothelial cells. H2O2-induced DCF fluorescence was inhibited by the monoclonal IgA-class anti-TfR antibody (42/6) that blocked TfR endocytosis and the iron uptake. H2O2-mediated inactivation of cytosolic aconitase was responsible for activation of iron regulatory protein-1 and increased expression of TfR, resulting in an increased iron uptake into endothelial cells. H2O2-mediated caspase-3 proteolytic activation was inhibited by anti-TfR antibody. Similar results were obtained in the presence of a lipid hydroperoxide. We conclude that hydroperoxide-induced DCFH oxidation and endothelial cell apoptosis required the uptake of extracellular iron by the TfR-dependent iron transport mechanism and that the peroxide-induced iron signaling, in general, has broader implications in oxidative vascular biology.
p80cdc25 mitotic inducer is the tyrosine phosphatase that activates p34cdc2 kinase in fission yeast.

We have investigated the mechanism by which fission yeast p80cdc25 induces mitosis. The in vivo active domain was localized to the C-terminal 23 kDa of p80cdc25. This domain produced as a bacterial fusion protein (GST-cdc25) caused tyrosyl dephosphorylation and activation of immunoprecipitated p34cdc2. Furthermore, GST-cdc25 dephosphorylated both para-nitrophenyl-phosphate (pNPP) and casein phosphorylated on serine in vitro. Reaction requirements and inhibitor sensitivities were the same as those of phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Analysis of cdc25 C-terminal domains from a variety of species revealed a conserved motif having critical residues present at the active site of PTPases. Mutation of the cdc25 Cys480 codon, corresponding to an essential cysteine in the active site of PTPases, abolished the phosphatase activity of GST-cdc25. These data indicate that cdc25 proteins define a novel subclass of eukaryotic PTPases, and strongly argue that cdc25 proteins directly dephosphorylate and activate p34cdc2 kinase to induce M-phase
Unmet need for contraception among sex workers in Madagascar.

Abstract Background The study was conducted to investigate past and future pregnancy preferences and contraceptive need among Malagasy sex workers. Study Design We analyzed data on pregnancy and contraceptive use collected during the baseline visit of a randomized, prospective formative trial which assessed diaphragm and microbicide acceptability among sex workers. To be eligible, women could not be pregnant or planning pregnancy for the next 2 months. Results Women ( N =192) from four cities (Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Mahajanga and Toamasina) reported a median of 10 sex acts per week. Fifty-two percent reported a prior unwanted pregnancy, 45% at least one induced abortion and 86% that preventing future pregnancy was moderately to very important. During the last sex act, 24% used a hormonal method, 36% used a male condom, 2% used a traditional method and 38% used no method. Nearly 30% of participants reported that pregnancy prevention was moderately or very important but used no contraception at last sex; these women were categorized as having ���unmet need��� for contraception. In multivariable binomial regression analyses, factors associated with unmet need included low knowledge of contraceptive effectiveness [age- and site-adjusted prevalence ratio (PR): 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4���3.0] and low self-efficacy to negotiate condom use (age- and site-adjusted PR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.4���3.0). Conclusions Among these women, prior unwanted pregnancy and induced abortion were common and preventing future pregnancy was important, yet gaps in contraceptive use were substantial. Contraceptive knowledge and self-efficacy should be improved to promote contraceptive use by sex workers.
Formatting and Organization of a Human Engineering Standard

A detailed item-by-item analytical review of two existing government human engineering standards and the results of a users' survey on human engineering standards revealed formatting and organization problems in current human engineering standards which detract from their utility to the designer. Problems identified and recommended solutions are presented. The recommended solutions are primarily directed at improving the ability to retrieve data from the standards and as a result increasing the degree to which the human engineering discipline has an effect on design.
Balancing International Justice in the Balkans: Surrogate Enforcers, Uncertain Transitions and the Road to Europe

Abstract 1 The conditionality policies of the European Union (EU) have been of crucial importance to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Bereft of police powers, the ICTY must turn to powerful international actors such as the EU to press targeted states to hand over their nationals for trial. The EU, a supporter of the tribunal and human rights, has used the promise of membership as leverage to bolster the tribunal in its quest for cooperation from the Yugoslav successor states. This article uses the case of Serbia to show that the EU has not been a consistent ‘surrogate enforcer’ for the tribunal. The fact that the ICTY can inadvertently empower nationalists and weaken reformers and threaten stability, has created a quandary for the EU. The article examines the EU’s approach to this quandary by explaining how and why the Union has strengthened or diluted its conditionality policy vis-a-vis Serbia at key junctures.
The Missional Shape of Worship in Evangelical Lutheran Worship

: Mission stands out as an orienting concept in ELW unlike its predecessors. ELW has a missional theological framework as well as a practical missional orientation, a situation in which worship and mission are understood and practiced in relation to one another. It is possible that ELW will help congregations claim the missional character of worship.
A Measured Faith: Edwin Starbuck, William James, and the Scientific Reform of Religious Experience

A number of recent studies have drawn attention to how the study of religion and religious seeking were intertwined in European and American cultures in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Ann Taves, Leigh Schmidt and Hans Kippenberg, for example, have pointed to ways that particularly Protestant anxieties and dilemmas shaped scholarly thinking about categories such as experience and “mysticism.” Scholars have been less interested, however, in the other side of the exchange—less interested, in other words, in how scholarship has reshaped religious belief and practice. The first Americans to study religion scientifically, American psychologists of religion, serve as a particularly useful illustration of how scholarly methods influenced modern ways of believing, but there is still little historical scholarship on the key figures involved. There remain few critical works, for example, on the pioneer psychologists of religion—Edwin Starbuck (1866–1947), George Coe (1862–1951), James Bissett Pratt (1875–1944), and G. Stanley Hall (1844–1924)—and their ways of studying and attempting to reform religion. The notable exception is, of course, the literature on William James, which includes an enormous number of dissertations and monographs, including several important studies examining the Varieties of Religious Experience and James's other efforts to help fashion a science of religion. But even the scholarship on James does not consider how he and others used the sciences to reform religious belief and revitalize American culture. Given the fact that James identified himself as a psychologist, engaged a wide range of neurological, physiological and psychological thinkers in his work, and drew extensively on psychologists like George Coe and Edwin Starbuck, it is remarkable that these contexts have been overlooked. His debt to the psychologist Edwin Starbuck is particularly striking. In his Varieties, he uses or refers to Starbuck's empirical work twenty-six times, he draws from Starbuck's questionnaire data thirty-seven times, and he mentions Starbuck by name a total of forty-six times, which is roughly the equivalent of once in every six pages of text.
Mucosal Coronally Positioned Flap for the Management of Excessive Gingival Display in the Presence of Hypermobility of the Upper Lip and Vertical Maxillary Excess: A Case Report

Background: Excessive gingival display is a frequent finding that can occur because of various intraoral or extraoral etiologies. This report describes the use of a mucosal coronally positioned flap for the management of a gummy smile associated with vertical maxillary excess and hypermobility of the upper lip. Methods: A 24-year-old female presented for consultation regarding a gummy smile. At full smile the average gingival display ranged from 2 to 4 mm. A clinical examination revealed hypermobility of the upper lip and absence of generalized altered passive eruption. A cephalometric analysis pointed to the presenceofverticalmaxillaryexcess.Thesurgicalprocedure consisted of an elliptical mucosal excision followed by coronal advancement of the flap. This procedure aimed to limit the activity of the elevator muscles and reestablish the depth of the vestibule. Results: Rapid surgical healing with minimal postoperative sequelae was observed. The patient reported significant reduction of gingival display at 1 week, which was maintained at the 1-year postoperative visit. Reduction in the amount of gingival display at the 1-year follow-up visit was stable. Conclusions: For patients desiring a less invasive alternative to orthognathic surgery, the mucosal coronally positioned flap is a viable alternative. We demonstrate short-term successful use of this technique for the management of excessive gingival display in the presence of slight vertical maxillary excess and hypermobility of the upper lip. Long-term follow-up studiesareneededtodeterminestabilityoftheresults. J Periodontol 2010;81:1858-1863.
Dosimetric effect of online image-guided anatomical interventions for postprostatectomy cancer patients.

Purpose To assess daily variations in delivered doses in postprostatectomy patients, using kilovoltage cone-beam CT (CBCT) datasets acquired before and after interventions to correct for observed distortions in volume/shape of rectum and bladder. Methods and Materials Seventeen consecutive patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy to the prostate bed were studied. For patients with large anatomical variations, quantified by either a rectal wall displacement of >5 mm or bladder volume change of >50% on the CBCT compared with the planning CT, an intervention was performed to adjust the rectum and/or bladder filling. Cumulative doses over the pre- and post-intervention fractions were calculated by tracking the position of the planning CT voxels on different CBCTs using a deformable surface-mapping algorithm. Dose and displacements vectors were projected on two-dimensional maps, the minimal dose received by the highest 95% of the planing target volume (PTV D95) and the highest 10% of the rectum volume (D10) as well as the bladder volume receiving >2 Gy (V2) were evaluated. Results Of 544 fractions, 96 required intervention. Median (range) number of interventions per patient was 5 (2–12). Compared with the planning values, the mean (SD) pre- vs. postintervention value for PTV D95 was −2% (2%) vs. −1% (2%) ( p p p Conclusions Interventions to reduce treatment volume deformations due to bladder and rectum fillings are not necessary when patients receive daily accurate CBCT localization, and the frequency of those potential interventions is low. However, for hypofractionated treatments, the relative frequency can significantly increase, and interventions can become more dosimetrically beneficial.
Usual Source of Cigarettes and Alcohol Among US High School Students

Cigarette and alcohol use are significant contributors to premature morbidity and mortality1–4 and yet commonly are used among youth.4 In 2011, 44.7% of high school students had ever tried cigarettes and 18.1% were current cigarette users (ie, had smoked cigarettes during the preceding 30 days).4 In the same year, 70.8% had ever had at least 1 drink of alcohol, 38.7% were current alcohol users (ie, had at least 1 drink of alcohol during the preceding 30 days), and 21.9% had engaged in binge drinking (ie, ≥5 drinks in a row) during the preceding 30 days.4 Most high school students are below the minimum legal purchasing age for cigarettes—18 years in all 50 states and the District of Columbia—and nearly all are below the minimum legal purchasing age for alcohol—21 years in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Therefore, understanding where students get the cigarettes they smoke and the alcohol they drink is important to inform strategies to reduce cigarette and alcohol use. Research conducted to date suggests underage youth use both commercial and noncommercial sources to obtain cigarettes and alcohol.5–16 To implement effective policy and educational interventions, it is important to understand characteristics of youth who rely on different types of commercial and noncommercial sources for cigarettes and alcohol. Youth who are female and are in younger age groups more often rely on social sources for cigarettes and alcohol than youth who are male and are in older age groups.4,11–13,17 Differences in sources of cigarettes and alcohol among different racial/ethnic groups are less well studied and not entirely understood.4–6,8,18 Two studies have found that social sources for cigarettes6,18 and alcohol18 were more common among White high school-aged youth than among Black and Hispanic youth. Another study found that a higher percentage of Black than White students usually got their alcohol from someone else giving it to them,4 and another found that the percentage who purchased a pack of cigarettes was similar among White, Black, and Hispanic high school-aged youth.6 The purpose of this secondary data analysis is to build upon existing literature by using nationally representative data to examine the extent to which sex, age, and race/ethnicity as well as the intensity of cigarette and alcohol use are associated with a variety of both commercial and social sources.
Radiation characteristics of Hertzian dipole antennas in a nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate structure

Spectral domain analysis is used in conjunction with matrix algebra to determine the far-field behavior of an arbitrarily oriented Hertzian dipole in a nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate structure. In particular, a gyrotropic superstrate on top of a grounded isotropic substrate is considered. The analysis accounts for completely general 3*3 tensors for the anisotropic superstrate layer. Parameter studies are performed to investigate the effects of changing different variables associated with the geometry as well as the static magnetic field used to bias the gyrotropic material. This work provides a basis for research on the design of microstrip circuits and antennas in nonreciprocal superstrate-substrate geometries. >
Epitypification and Redescription of Corallina officinalis L., the Type of the Genus, and C. elongata Ellis et Solander (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

Abstract Corallina L. is the type genus of the subfamily Corallinoideae (Aresch.) Foslie and Corallina officinalis L. is the type species of the genus. This name has been applied worldwide, particularly in temperate waters. An attempt to obtain sequence data from the lectotype specimen was not successful. In order to establish a species concept for C. officinalis based on molecular sequence data as well as morphology, an epitype was selected from Devon, England within the vague type locality ‘in O [Oceano] Europaeo’, and from which mitochondrial (cox1) and plastid (rbcL) data were obtained. A second species, Corallina elongata Ellis et Solander (type locality Cornwall, England), was shown previously to include at least two species based on DNA sequences. The lectotype of C. elongata is an illustration and therefore an epitype was selected to provide molecular sequence data, using the same markers as for C. officinalis. These molecular sequences for C. officinalis and C. elongata are compared with those of...
A Method For Enforcing State Constraints in Adaptive Control

Few methods exist for enforcing state constraints on a system with an adaptive control law. This paper develops an adaptive control law that enforces the system state to evolve in an elliptical region without using any sliding mode or switching type behavior as previous existing methods. Elliptical regions are chosen due to the structure of most nonlinear control stability proofs. No known constraint enforcement method for direct adaptive control can guarantee the system evolves in a more general constraint set. The new adaptive control law offers the potential ability to use less control effort than existing constraint enforcement methods since all possible system uncertainty does not have to be dominated to ensure constraint enforcement (which can lead to control saturation). The control law also offers the benefit that it behaves as a common flight tested and verified direct adaptive control law when the system is not at the constraint set. The potential ability of this adaptive law to enforce constraints is illustrated on a model for aircraft wing rock.
Development and validation of inexpensive, automated, dynamic flux chambers

Abstract. We developed and validated an automated, inexpensive, and continuous multiple-species gas-flux monitoring system that can provide data for a variety of relevant atmospheric pollutants, including O3, CO2, and NOx. Validation consisted of conducting concurrent gas-phase dry-deposition experiments, using both dynamic flux chambers and an eddy-covariance system, in a grassy clearing in the Duke Forest (Chapel Hill, NC). Experiments were carried out in June and September under a variety of meteorological conditions. Ozone-deposition measurements from the two methods matched very well (4–10% difference in mean flux rate) when the leaf-area index (LAI) inside the chambers was representative of the average LAI in the field. The dynamic flux chambers can be considered an accurate measurement system under these conditions.
High Charge Picosecond Pulses with a Double Gap Subharmonic Buncher

A new improved bunching system was designed in 1976 and installed in 1981 in the Argonne Electron Linac to replace the one installed in 1972. In the new bunching system, a spiral loaded double gap 12th subharmonic buncher is replacing the previous single gap 6th subharmonic buncher and a one wavelength fundamental frequency traveling wave prebuncher has replaced the previous two wavelength prebuncher. Individual pulses of picosecond (25 to 36) duration and up to 40 ? Coulomb in charge, with ?E/E < ± 0.5% at FWHM over the energy range of 4 to 22 MeV, and a repetition rate from one to 1000 p psec are available to the experimenter on a routine basis. The design and the microwave properties of the cavity are discussed along with the general design of the injector and the results achieved.
Seeing sounds: visual and auditory interactions in the brain

Objects and events can often be detected by more than one sensory system. Interactions between sensory systems can offer numerous benefits for the accuracy and completeness of the perception. Recent studies involving visual–auditory interactions have highlighted the perceptual advantages of combining information from these two modalities and have suggested that predominantly unimodal brain regions play a role in multisensory processing.
The impact of software evolution on code coverage information

Many tools and techniques for addressing software maintenance problems rely on code coverage information. Often, this coverage information is gathered for a specific version of a software system, and then used to perform analyses on subsequent versions of that system without being recalculated. As a software system evolves, however, modifications to the software alter the software's behavior on particular inputs, and code coverage information gathered on earlier versions of a program may not accurately reflect the coverage that would be obtained on later versions. This discrepancy may affect the success of analyses dependent on code coverage information. Despite the importance of coverage information in various analyses, in our search of the literature we find no studies specifically examining the impact of software evolution on code coverage information. Therefore, we conducted empirical studies to examine this impact. The results of our studies suggest that even relatively small modifications can greatly affect code coverage information, and that the degree of impact of change on coverage may be difficult to predict.
Music and Revolution: Cultural Change in Socialist Cuba by Robin D. Moore

In his Music and Revolution: Cultural Change in Socialist Cuba, Robin D. Moore examines the role of culture in, and its relationship to, socialist state governments. While he writes that one of the...
How should we teach metadata? what comparisons between job ad and classroom trends can tell us about preparing LIS students

This poster reports on a study that aims to identify emerging trends in medadata employment and potential deficits in metadata education. This study extends a prior one by Marcia Zeng, using the same sample and methodology. The findings will help instructors to align their instruction with needs in job market and will also complement recent studies on information organization courses and professional developments.
EDUCATORS’ REPORTS ON INCIDENCE OF HARASSMENT AND ADVOCACY TOWARD LGBTQ STUDENTS

This study is based on a national survey investigation of 968 educators, who reported the incidence of LGBTQ harassment in schools, and their advocacy efforts on behalf of this population. LGBTQ-related knowledge, attitudes, norms, and perceived ability to advocate were also assessed. Ninety percent of educators reported observing LGBTQ harassment and 30% consistently intervened. Overall, educators reported positive attitudes towards LGBTQ people, felt professionally supported, and ready for LGBTQ advocacy. Educators reported inadequate knowledge of LGBTQ identity development and desire for professional development. School counselors were more informed about LGBTQ issues and more aware of LGBTQ harassment than school psychologists or teachers.
The Glass Transition Temperature of Monodispersed Polystyrenes and Their Binary Mixtures.

Glass transition measurements on monodispersed polystyrenes of different molecular weight and their binary mixtures result in the following conclusions: (a) the effect of molecular weight on the glass transitions of monodispersed samples satisfies the Fox and Flory equation written as Tg = Tg∞ - A/Mn , with constant A = 0.84 × 10-5; (b) polymers of the same number average molecular weight with a broad distribution show lower glass transitions than the monodispersed; (c) the binary mixtures follow the Gordon-Taylor equation derived for copolymers, with constant k (experimental) 0.5.
Problem-solving Tool and Example Analysis

This paper introduces a quality tool named "seven diamonds process" which applied to solve quality problems.It include process content and application methods.We expound seven diamonds problem-solving process steps by example.Meanwhile detail the actual application of each step.
Sinus Node and Atrial Arrhythmias

Although sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrial arrhythmias frequently coexist and interact, the putative mechanism linking the 2 remain unclear. Although SND is accompanied by atrial myocardial structural changes in the right atrium, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a disease of variable interactions between left atrial triggers and substrate most commonly of left atrial origin. Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the genetic and pathophysiologic mechanism underlying the development and progression of SND and AF. Although some patients manifest SND as a result of electric remodeling induced by periods of AF, others develop progressive atrial structural remodeling that gives rise to both conditions together. The treatment strategy will thus vary according to the predominant disease phenotype. Although catheter ablation will benefit patients with predominantly AF and secondary SND, cardiac pacing may be the mainstay of therapy for patients with predominant fibrotic atrial cardiomyopathy. This contemporary review summarizes current knowledge on sinus node pathophysiology with the broader goal of yielding insights into the complex relationship between sinus node disease and atrial arrhythmias.
Sustainability and resiliency objectives in performance building regulations

Building regulatory agencies worldwide are grappling with how to define and implement appropriate mandatory and voluntary measures for new and existing buildings that address societal and political demands for increased environmental and resource sustainability and resiliency to the effects of climate change without lessening the historical building regulatory focus on health, safety and welfare of building occupants. It can be argued that a transition from prescriptive to performance-based building regulatory regimes, coupled with the introduction of new policy objectives for sustainability and resiliency, in a rather short period of time, without full assessment of how they interact with existing building regulatory objectives, and without broadly agreed holistic solutions, has led to the introduction of new objectives that have the potential to result in increased hazards and risks to occupants. To explore the current situation and future needs associated with performance building regulatory regimes an...
Family Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior: Opportunities for Early Identification and Intervention

In this chapter, the most common and potent familial risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior will be reviewed, namely, family history of psychiatric disorder and suicidal behavior and exposure to family adversity, such as bereavement, divorce, or maltreatment. We then will discuss strategies for identification of families and youth at risk and extant and proposed preventive interventions that could attenuate the risk for youth suicidal behavior.
Cataclysmic-Variable Observers and Gamma Ray Burster Hunters

Observing variable stars is something that is fascinating in itself, but has the bonus that the results are of great interest to professional astronomers. This is real science.
Structural Basis of Semantic Memory

Neuropsychological investigations have established that structures in the medial temporal lobes support acquisition of new facts, ideas, and concepts, and that this information is stored in neocortex. Cortical damage can result both in general disorders of conceptual information about objects and category-specific disorders, depending on the extent and location of damage. Functional neuroimaging evidence indicates that information about objects’ salient properties is stored in sensory and motor systems active when that information was acquired. As a result, long-term memory for different object categories is grounded in partially distinct, sensory, and motor property-based neural networks.
Sampling for Analysis

Analysis presupposes some object of interest and a specimen of it, a sample, for investigation. It requires that some matter has been collected, the chemical identity of which is of interest per se or because of the deductions to be based upon it.
The Ethical Criterion

That all the great traditions teach the moral ideal of generous goodwill, love, compassion epitomised in the Golden Rule must now be confirmed by pointing to it more fully in their scriptures. It should be emphasised that I am not here trying to expound the entire ethical teachings of these traditions, nor to describe the actual behaviour of their adherents through the centuries, but to show that love, compassion, generous concern for and commitment to the welfare of others is a central ideal for each of them.
Fabrication techniques enabling ultrathin nanostructured membranes for separations

The fabrication of nanostructured materials is an area of continuous improvement and innovative techniques that fulfill the demand of many fields of research and development. The continuously decreasing size of the smallest patternable feature has expanded the catalog of methods enabling the fabrication of nanostructured materials. Several of these nanofabrication techniques have sprouted from applications requiring nanoporous membranes such as molecular separations, cell culture, and plasmonics. This review summarizes methods that successfully produce through-pores in ultrathin films exhibiting an approximate pore size to thickness ratio of one, which has been shown to be beneficial due to high permeability and improved separation potential. The material reviewed includes large-area, parallel, and affordable approaches such as self-organizing polymers, nanosphere lithography, anodization, nanoimprint lithography as well as others such as solid phase crystallization and nanosphere lens lithography. The aim of this review is to provide a set of inexpensive fabrication techniques to produce nanostructured materials exhibiting pores ranging from 10 to 350 nm and a pore size to thickness ratio close to one. The fabrication methods described in this work have reported the successful manufacture of nanoporous membranes exhibiting the ideal characteristics to improve selectivity and permeability when applied as separation media in ultrafiltration.
Analysis of the small flying wings performances in the morphing concept

Using of the flying wing (the UAVs category) in various fields (civilian and military) determine interests sustained of the aerodynamic and trajectory optimizations. The article presents analysis of wing flying performance (in morphing concept) by studying optimizing the maneuvers control and wind tunnel tests.
Integrity in Research: Individual and Institutional Responsibility

As science becomes increasingly complex, collaborative, and interdisciplinary, the need for a set of standards whereby research is conducted has become increasingly important. Both the researchers themselves and the institutions where they work, from which their funding comes, and where they publish, have responsibilities to ensure that all research is conducted in an ethical manner, with utmost integrity. This chapter draws on a number of materials that have been published over the past two decades to provide a set of fundamental guidelines that underlies the conduct of all aspects of research.
Coherent laser-millimeter-wave interactions en route to coherent population transfer

We demonstrate coherent two-photon population transfer to Rydberg states of barium atoms using a combination of a pulsed dye laser and a chirped-pulse millimeter-wave spectrometer. Numerical calculations, using a density matrix formalism, reproduce our experimental results and explain the factors responsible for the observed fractional population transferred, optimal experimental conditions, and possibilities for future improvements. The long coherence times associated with the millimeter-wave radiation aid in creating coherence between the ground state and Rydberg states, but higher-coherence laser sources are required to achieve stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and for applications to molecules.
Femoral Derotational Osteotomy Using a Modified Intramedullary Nail Technique

When persistent rotation of the femur remains into adolescence, it can cause functional limitations such as fatigue, anterior knee pain, and frequent tripping. In these cases, derotation of the femur via osteotomy is often performed. We report preliminary results of bilateral derotational osteotomy for excessive femoral anteversion or retroversion using the modified intramedullary nail technique. A retrospective review of 8 patients was performed. Patients were excluded if additional procedures were performed or if the femoral osteotomy included any deformity correction other than rotation. Each patient had simultaneous bilateral femoral osteotomies for a total of 16 limb segments to review. The average age was 12 years, with 4 boys and 4 girls in the group. Seven patients had a preoperative diagnosis of femoral anteversion, and 1 had femoral retroversion. Average amount of derotation performed averaged 30 degrees. Average length of follow-up was 10 months (range, 9 to 12 mo). Average surgical time to complete the bilateral ostetomies was 139 minutes with an average total blood loss of 106 mL. The patients returned to full weight bearing with assistance at 13.75±1.39 days, without assistance at 37.12±5.69 days, and demonstrated full radiographic healing of the femur at 76.13±20.92 days. A modified intramedullary nail technique provides a biologically sound method for rapid healing of the femoral osteotomy site by providing autograft directly to a stable osteotomy site with minimal disruption of the surrounding soft tissue envelope, resulting in faster healing and a quicker return to full, unassisted weight bearing.
Uso y conocimiento comunitario del algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) e implicaciones para la conservación del bosque seco peruano

El algarrobo (Prosopis pallida Kunth) es la especie clave del bosque seco norteno de Peru, un ecosistema forestal muy amenazado. El algarrobo es unicamente adaptado para florecer en ambientes aridos, pero aun asi su alcance en la costa peruana y particularmente en la region de La Libertad ha sido reducido drasticamente por la urbanizacion, la expansion agricola, y la cosecha de madera. La conservacion efectiva de los bosques secos sobrevivientes de La Libertad requerira iniciativas basadas en conocimiento de la interaccion de las comunidades cercanas con el algarrobo y su entendimiento de la importancia de dichos arboles. Esta investigacion estudia como integrantes de distintas comunidades en el pueblo de San Pedro de Lloc o cerca de este, en la region de La Libertad, conocen, usan, y valoran al algarrobo en tres bosques secos locales. Los metodos de investigacion incluyen entrevistas con habitantes de la comunidad y depositarios claves, ademas de visitas a los bosques. Nuestros resultados indican que los principales usos actuales del algarrobo incluyen el comun empleo domestico de la lena, la produccion del carbon para fines comerciales y dependencia a los bosques secos del algarrobo como alimento para ganados. Personas entrevistadas tambien valoran a los algarrobos por su papel ecologico en la produccion del oxigeno, la prevencion de intrusion de dunas de arena a sus comunidades y como patrimonio cultural. Basadas en los resultados de esta investigacion, nombramos algunas sugerencias concretas respecto a como el conocimiento y uso de los bosques secos por parte de la comunidad pueden ser usados para apoyar la conservacion de este ecosistema unico y tan amenazado.
What Affects the Strategic Priority of Fundraising? A Longitudinal Study of Art, Culture and Humanity Organizations’ Fundraising Expenses in the USA

Fundraising is a crucial activity for many nonprofit organizations. However, scant research has examined how the strategic priority of fundraising activities may vary across organizations and over time. This study addresses this gap in knowledge by examining how economic and organization-specific financial conditions predict the priority of fundraising in a nonprofit organization. In particular, this study examines the changes in the ratio of art, culture and humanities organizations’ fundraising expenses to their total expenditure during the period of 2005–2012, which includes the great recession of 2007–2009. The findings reveal that, when facing an economic crisis, the ratio of fundraising expense to total expenditure increases, suggesting that fundraising becomes a higher priority under a hostile economic condition. The analysis also reveals differences in nonprofits’ reaction to recession depending on their revenue mix, with donative nonprofits reacting more sensitively than commercial nonprofits.
Literacy Movements in Modern China

On October 1, 1949, a few years after Mrs. Ning made this remark, Mao Zedong stood on the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Beijing and announced that China had “stood up”: “The era in which the Chinese people were regarded as uncivilized is now ended. We shall emerge in the world as a nation with advanced culture.” Mrs. Ning just wanted to know what happened.1
The Behavioral Correlates of Sanctioned and Unsanctioned Deceptive Communication

Ninety-three students were randomly assigned to one of three veracity conditions: (1) truthful, (2) unsanctioned-deceptive, or (3) sanctioned-deceptive. Participants in the truthful condition were honest when reporting strategies used when attempting to unscramble a series of anagrams. Students in the sanctioned-deceptive and unsanctioned-deceptive condition were implicated to cheat (by looking at the answers) on the anagram task by a research confederate. Students in the sanctioned condition were asked by an experimenter to conceal their cheating by lying to the interviewer about their “high score” on the anagram task whereas students in the unsanctioned condition were not given any instructions about how to answer the interviewer's questions regarding their anagram-solving strategies. All interviews were videotaped and verbal and nonverbal behaviors were analyzed by four student-coders. Results indicated that unsanctioned deceivers, when compared to sanctioned deceivers, made fewer speech errors and speech hesitations, gazed less at their targets, and used fewer other references.
Parallel adaptive solvers in compressible petsc-fun3d simulations

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a polyalgorithmic technique for adaptively selecting the linear solver method to match the numeric properties of linear systems as they evolve during the course of nonlinear iterations. The approach combines more robust but more costly methods when needed in particularly challenging phases of solution, with cheaper, though less powerful, methods in other phases. The chapter demonstrates that this adaptive, polyalgorithmic approach leads to improvements in overall simulation time, is easily parallelized, and is scalable in the context of this large-scale computational fluid dynamics application. This approach reduced overall execution time by using cheaper, though less powerful, linear solvers for relatively easy linear systems and then switching to more robust but more costly methods for more difficult linear systems. The results demonstrate that adaptive solvers can be implemented easily in a multiprocessor environment and are scalable. The chapter investigates adaptive solvers in problem domains and considers more adaptive approaches, including a polynomial heuristic where the trends of the indicators can be estimated by fitting a function to known data points. The chapter also combines adaptive heuristics with high-performance component infrastructure for performance monitoring and analysis.
Detection of atrial fibrillation using a smartwatch.

The KardiaBand, which records a rhythm strip from an AppleWatch, was paired with an app for automated detection of atrial fibrillation. A new study by Bumgarner and colleagues is one of the first studies to examine the feasibility of using a smartwatch to discriminate between sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation.
Inhibition of Osteopenia by Biophysical Intervention

Publisher Summary This chapter builds support for the clinical potential of biophysical stimuli by defining the functional mechanical environment of bone and demonstrating that physically based signals within these physiologic constraints can be osteogenic. The role of biophysical stimuli in the achievement and maintenance of a structurally appropriate bone mass is clear. Such factors that are critical to retaining an effective skeletal structure have great potential for direct clinical applications, such as in fracture healing or osseointegration. In contrast to systemic, pharmaceutical intervention such as estrogens, bisphosphonates, or calcitonin, the attributes of such biophysical prophylaxes are that they are native to the bone tissue, safe at low intensities, incorporate all aspects of the remodeling cycle, will ultimately induce lamellar bone, and the relative amplitude of the signal will subside as formation persists (self-regulating and self-targeting). At the organ level, biophysical signals exist as a normal, physiologic component of the functional milieu; strain energy appears on the occipital ridge of the macaque, the femur of the lizard, and the metacarpal of the horse. In addition to the large amplitude strains typically associated with functional activity, a strain signal, far less than 10me in amplitude, arises through muscular activity in the frequency band of 10 to 50 Hz. This signal is present in the cranial, axial, and appendicular skeleton, and persists essentially at all times including passive actions such as standing and speaking. Indeed, the sarcopenia that parallels the aging process, and more specifically, the attenuation of the 20- to 50-Hz spectral content of muscle contraction, suggests that the absence of these signals may also indicate the absence of a key regulatory stimulus to the bone tissue. To a certain extent, osteopenia may arise not through the inability of bone cells to respond to mechanical stimuli, but rather through a deficiency of a regulatory signal caused by muscle wasting.
Differential gene expression and the importance of regulatory ncRNAs in acidophilic microorganisms

ABSTRACT Gene expression profiles provide insight into how microorganisms respond to changing environmental conditions. However, few studies have integrated expression profile analyses of both coding genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to characterize the functional activity of microbial community members. Here, we defined gene expression profiles from environmental and laboratory-grown acidophilic biofilms using RNASeq. In total, 15.8 million Illumina reads were mapped to the genomes of 26 acidophilic microorganisms and nine viruses reconstructed from the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, California. More than 99% of the genome was transcribed in three Leptospirillum species, and > 80% in the archaea G-plasma and Ferroplasma Type II. High gene expression by G-plasma and the Leptospirillum Group II UBA strain correlated with extremely acidic conditions, whereas high transcriptional expression of Leptospirillum Group III and Leptospirillum Group II 5way-CG strain occurred under higher pH and lower temperature. While expression of CRISPR Cas genes occurs on the sense strand, expression of the CRISPR loci occurs on the antisense strand in the Leptospirilli. A novel riboswitch associated with the biosynthetic pathway for the osmolyte ectoine was upregulated when each specific Leptospirillum Group II strain was growing under the conditions most favorable for it. Newly described ncRNAs associated with CO dehydrogenase (CODH) suggest regulation of expression of CODH as a CO sensor in mature biofilms in the Leptospirilli. Results reveal the ways in which environmental conditions shape transcriptional profiles of organisms growing in acidophilic microbial communities and highlight the significance of ncRNAs in regulating gene expression. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms play important roles in environmental acidification and in metal-recovery based bioleaching processes. Therefore, characterizing how actively growing microbial communities respond to different environments is key to understanding their role in those processes. Microorganisms express their genes, both coding and non-coding, differently depending on environmental factors, thus evaluating community expression profiles inform about the ecology of actively growing microorganisms. Here we used community transcriptomic analyses to characterize gene expression profiles from biofilm communities growing under extremely acidic conditions. Results expand our knowledge of how acidophilic microorganisms respond to changes in their environment and provide insight into possible gene regulation mechanisms.
Characterization of diverted buprenorphine use among adults entering corrections-based drug treatment in Kentucky

Abstract Background Illicit, medically unsupervised use of buprenorphine (i.e., “diverted use”) among vulnerable and underserved populations, such as corrections-involved adults, remains underexplored. Methods Survey data (2016–2017) collected as part of a clinical assessment of incarcerated adults entering corrections-based substance use treatment in Kentucky were analyzed. For years examined, 12,915 completed the survey. Removing cases for participants who did not reside in Kentucky for > 6 months during the one-year pre-incarceration period (n = 908) resulted in a final sample size of 12,007. Results Over a quarter of the sample reported past-year diverted buprenorphine use prior to incarceration and 21.8 % reported use during the 30-days prior to incarceration, using 6.5 months and 14.3 days on average, respectively. A greater proportion of participants who reported diverted buprenorphine use had previously been engaged with some substance use treatment (77.0 %) and reported greater perceived need for treatment (79.4 %) compared to those who did not report use. Use was more likely among participants who were younger, white, male, and who reported rural or Appalachian residence. Diverted buprenorphine users also evidenced extensive polydrug use and presented with greater substance use disorder severity. Non-medical prescription opioid, heroin, and diverted methadone use were associated with increased odds of diverted buprenorphine use while kratom was not. Diverted methadone use was associated with a 252.9 % increased likelihood of diverted buprenorphine use. Conclusions Diverted buprenorphine use among participants in this sample was associated with concerning high-risk behaviors and may indicate barriers to accessing opioid agonist therapies for corrections-involved Kentucky residents, particularly those in rural Appalachia.
Personalized ANtibodies for GastroEsophageal Adenocarcinoma (PANGEA): Primary efficacy analysis of the phase II platform trial (NCT02213289).

356Background: 1-yr OS is ~40% for HER2- & ~55% for HER2+ advanced (aGEA). Targeted therapies (tx) have had limited benefit due to molecular heterogeneity. Methods: This phase 2a study of a persona...