cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping Uncertainty in Conservation Assessment as a Means Toward Improved Conservation Planning and Implementation

Collaborative and community-based approaches to conservation and natural resource management often utilize maps that designate particular areas as being high priorities for conservation. These maps are used in stakeholder workshops and/or public discourse, but have often been highly contentious and counterproductive. We propose that quantifying and visualizing some of the uncertainty involved in making such maps could decrease their potential for causing conflict, thereby facilitating discourse and eventually, conservation action. We propose that an extra bonus could be attained by mapping the effects of missing or sparse input data regarding landowner “willingness to conserve” (given fair market compensation). The primary contributions of this action research are in the development of the propositions and in their implementation using a stochastic approach (Monte Carlo simulation). Preliminary assessment of the propositions occurred, but further research is needed to more formally evaluate them. Some pra...
Multiple interleukin-1β–converting enzymes contribute to inflammatory arthritis

Mouse models of inflammatory arthritis are strongly driven by excessive production of interleukin (IL)-1β. Much attention has focused on the generation of IL-1β by inflammasomes and caspase 1 in monocytes and macrophages. However, a number of other proteases can also process pro-IL-1β into the mature, bioactive cytokine. Despite that arthritis has complex etiologies based on genetic and environmental factors, global blockage of IL-1β signaling strongly ameliorates experimental models of arthritis. Yet, the relative contribution of the different IL-1β processing enzymes to disease initiation and perpetuation is elusive. Two papers in this issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism by Joosten et al. and Guma et al. shed more light on the complex proteolytic mechanisms behind excessive IL-1β maturation and release that perpetuates experimental models of inflammatory arthritis, which will have significant implications for designing future treatment strategies.
Nonlinear Radiating Instability of a Barotropic Eastern Boundary Current

Linear and nonlinear radiating instabilities of an eastern boundary current are studied using a barotropic quasigeostrophic model in an idealized meridional channel. The eastern boundary current is meridionally uniform and produces unstable modes in which long waves are most able to radiate. These long radiating modes are easily suppressed by friction because of their small growth rates. However, the long radiating modescanovercomefrictionbynonlinear energyinputtransferredfromthemoreunstabletrappedmodeand play an important role in the energy budget of the boundary current system. The nonlinearly powered long radiating modes take away part of the perturbation energy from the instability origin to the ocean interior. The radiated instabilities can generate zonal striations in the ocean interior that are comparable to features observed in the ocean. Subharmonic instability is identified to be responsible for the nonlinear resonance betweentheradiatingandtrappedmodes,butmoregeneralnonlineartriadinteractionsareexpectedtoapply in a highly nonlinear environment.
Whole-profile structure solution from powder diffraction data using simulated annealing

Techniques and methods to facilitate the solution of structures by simulated annealing have been developed from the starting point of a space group and lattice parameters. The simulated-annealing control parameters have been systematically investigated and optimum values characterized and determined. Most significant is the inclusion of electrostatic-potential penalty functions in a non-linear least-squares Rietveld refinement procedure. The long-range electrostatic potentials are calculated using a general real-space summation which can be used for all space groups. In addition, a general weighting scheme for penalty functions negates the need to determine weighting schemes experimentally. Also investigated and improved is the non-linear least-squares minimization procedure used in the refinement of structural parameters. The behaviour and success of the techniques have been tested on X-ray diffraction powder data against the known structures of AlVO4 in P1 with 18 atoms in the asymmetric unit, K2HCr2AsO10 in P31 with 15 atoms in the asymmetric unit excluding hydrogen, and [Co(NH3)5CO3]NO3.H2O in P121 with 15 atoms in the asymmetric unit excluding hydrogen.
Nonmuscle Myosin II Isoforms Coassemble in Living Cells

Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) powers myriad developmental and cellular processes, including embryogenesis, cell migration, and cytokinesis [1]. To exert its functions, monomers of NM II assemble into bipolar filaments that produce a contractile force on the actin cytoskeleton. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms of NM II (NM IIA, IIB, and IIC), each of which possesses distinct biophysical properties and supports unique as well as redundant cellular functions [2-8]. Despite previous efforts [9-13], it remains unclear whether NM II isoforms assemble in living cells to produce mixed (heterotypic) bipolar filaments or whether filaments consist entirely of a single isoform (homotypic). We addressed this question using fluorescently tagged versions of NM IIA, IIB, and IIC, isoform-specific immunostaining of the endogenous proteins, and two-color total internal reflection fluorescence structured-illumination microscopy, or TIRF-SIM, to visualize individual myosin II bipolar filaments inside cells. We show that NM II isoforms coassemble into heterotypic filaments in a variety of settings, including various types of stress fibers, individual filaments throughout the cell, and the contractile ring. We also show that the differential distribution of NM IIA and NM IIB typically seen in confocal micrographs of well-polarized cells is reflected in the composition of individual bipolar filaments. Interestingly, this differential distribution is less pronounced in freshly spread cells, arguing for the existence of a sorting mechanism acting over time. Together, our work argues that individual NM II isoforms are potentially performing both isoform-specific and isoform-redundant functions while coassembled with other NM II isoforms.
Immediate Implant Placement: Clinical Decisions, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Implant placement in fresh extraction sockets in conjunction with appropriate guided bone regeneration is well documented. The decision to extract teeth and replace them with immediate implants is determined by many factors, which ultimately affect the total treatment plan. The goal of this article is to review some of the important clinical considerations when selecting patients for immediate implant placement, and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this mode of therapy.
Glutamyl-tRNAGln amidotransferase in Deinococcus radiodurans may be confined to asparagine biosynthesis

Asparaginyl-tRNA (Asn-tRNA) and glutaminyl-tRNA (Gln-tRNA) are essential components of protein synthesis. They can be formed by direct acylation by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS) or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS). The alternative route involves transamidation of incorrectly charged tRNA. Examination of the preliminary genomic sequence of the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans suggests the presence of both direct and indirect routes of Asn-tRNA and Gln-tRNA formation. Biochemical experiments demonstrate the presence of AsnRS and GlnRS, as well as glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS), a discriminating and a nondiscriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS). Moreover, both Gln-tRNA and Asn-tRNA transamidation activities are present. Surprisingly, they are catalyzed by a single enzyme encoded by three ORFs orthologous to Bacillus subtilis gatCAB. However, the transamidation route to Gln-tRNA formation is idled by the inability of the discriminating D. radiodurans GluRS to produce the required mischarged Glu-tRNAGln substrate. The presence of apparently redundant complete routes to Asn-tRNA formation, combined with the absence from the D. radiodurans genome of genes encoding tRNA-independent asparagine synthetase and the lack of this enzyme in D. radiodurans extracts, suggests that the gatCAB genes may be responsible for biosynthesis of asparagine in this asparagine prototroph.
Research using blogs for data: public documents or private musings?

Nursing and other health sciences researchers increasingly find blogs to be valuable sources of information for investigating illness and other human health experiences. When researchers use blogs as their exclusive data source, they must discern the public/private aspects inherent in the nature of blogs in order to plan for appropriate protection of the bloggers' identities. Approaches to the protection of human subjects are poorly addressed when the human subject is a blogger and the blog is used as an exclusive source of data. Researchers may be assisted to protect human subjects via a decisional framework for assessing a blog author's intended position on the public/private continuum. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 34:353–361, 2011
Non-stoichiometric uranyl fluoride complexes with pyridine

Abstract Complexes of the type UO2F2·(x) pyridine, where x = 0.71 and 1.65, were prepared by the interaction of liquid pyridine on solid UO2F2 under similar conditions with the only reaction variable being temperature. These materials have been characterized by chemical reactivity, thermogravimetric analysis, IR spectral analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry. While the exact structure of these materials remains unknown, the possibility of their existence as intercalation compounds is explored.
Nicholas of Cusa’s Understanding of Theophany and the Retrieval of a “New” Model of God

The global ecological crisis has spawned intensive reflection about views of the natural world. Western Christian thought has received special scrutiny as modern alienation from nature has been traced to Christian theology. Undiscovered within the mystical theology of medieval Christian theologian Nicholas of Cusa lies an ecologically promising vision of nature. The concept of divine immanence presented by this medieval thinker provides a rich spirituality that is inclusive, rather than exclusive, of the natural world. It is also far more intimate than contemporary stewardship theology. Cusanus interprets theophany as divine self-expression. A series of striking metaphors, including God’s enfolding and unfolding, God as ‘Not-other’, and Christ as the contracted maximum, reveals a holistic spirituality. Nicholas of Cusa’s concept of divine immanence infuses the world with immeasurable value and gives rise to a Christian theology that can address the current ecological crisis.
Response Modeling with Nonrandom Marketing-Mix Variables

Abstract Sales response models are widely used as the basis for optimizing the marketing mix. Response models condition on the observed marketing-mix variables and focus on the specification of the distribution of observed sales given marketing-mix activities. The models usually fail to recognize that the levels of the marketing-mix variables are often chosen with at least partial knowledge of the response parameters in the conditional model. This means that contrary to standard assumptions, the marginal distribution of the marketing-mix variables is not independent of response parameters. The authors expand on the standard conditional model to include a model for the determination of the marketing-mix variables. They apply this modeling approach to the problem of gauging the effectiveness of sales calls (details) to induce greater prescribing of drugs by individual physicians. They do not assume a priori that details are set optimally, but instead they infer the extent to which sales force managers have ...
Bridging the Gap between Biologic, Individual, and Macroenvironmental Factors in Cancer: A Multilevel Approach

To address the complex nature of cancer occurrence and outcomes, approaches have been developed to simultaneously assess the role of two or more etiologic agents within hierarchical levels including the: (i) macroenvironment level (e.g., health care policy, neighborhood, or family structure); (ii) individual level (e.g., behaviors, carcinogenic exposures, socioeconomic factors, and psychologic responses); and (iii) biologic level (e.g., cellular biomarkers and inherited susceptibility variants). Prior multilevel approaches tend to focus on social and environmental hypotheses, and are thus limited in their ability to integrate biologic factors into a multilevel framework. This limited integration may be related to the limited translation of research findings into the clinic. We propose a "Multi-level Biologic and Social Integrative Construct" (MBASIC) to integrate macroenvironment and individual factors with biology. The goal of this framework is to help researchers identify relationships among factors that may be involved in the multifactorial, complex nature of cancer etiology, to aid in appropriate study design, to guide the development of statistical or mechanistic models to study these relationships, and to position the results of these studies for improved intervention, translation, and implementation. MBASIC allows researchers from diverse fields to develop hypotheses of interest under a common conceptual framework, to guide transdisciplinary collaborations, and to optimize the value of multilevel studies for clinical and public health activities.
Lack of Dehydroepiandrosterone Effect on a Combined Endurance and Resistance Exercise Program in Postmenopausal Women

Context: Recent studies disputed the widely promoted anti-aging effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation; however, conflicting data exist on whether physiological DHEA supplementation enhances exercise training effects on body composition, physical performance, and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether 12 wk of DHEA supplementation (50 mg/d) in postmenopausal women enhances exercise-related changes in body composition, physical performance, and cardiometabolic risk. Design and Setting: This study was a 12-wk randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and took place at the Mayo Clinic General Clinical Research Center (Rochester, MN). Participants: Thirty-one sedentary, postmenopausal, Caucasian women (mean ± sem age 64.6 ± 1.0 yr) completed the study. Intervention: Participants were randomized to one of two 12-wk interventions: 1) exercise training plus 50 mg/d of DHEA (n = 17), or 2) exercise training plus placebo (n = 14). The exercise intervention consisted of both endurance (4 d/wk) and resistance (3 d/wk) exercise components. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes were measures of body composition, physical performance, and measures of cardiometabolic risk. Results: DHEA treatment with exercise resulted in increases in circulating sulfated DHEA (650%), total testosterone (100%), estradiol (165%), estrone (85%), and IGF-I (30%) (all P ≤ 0.05, for all within and between treatment comparisons). Although exercise training alone significantly improved physical performance, body composition, and insulin sensitivity, administration of DHEA provided no additional benefits. Conclusions: Twelve weeks of combined endurance and resistance training significantly improved body composition, physical performance, insulin sensitivity, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particle number and size, whereas DHEA had no additional benefits.
Differential regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in rat brain regions by glucocorticoids and stress

The regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression in the rat brain by glucocorticoids and stress was examined by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry. Rats either were exposed to a single electrical footshock session and killed 2, 4, 12, or 24 hr later (acute stress), or were subjected to the same regimen twice daily for 3 or 7 d and killed on the day following the last session (chronic stress). Rats placed in the experimental chamber but not administered shock comprised a “sham-handling” group. Chronic (7 d) intermittent footshock stress resulted in an 84 +/- 26% (P less than 0.05) increase in CRF mRNA levels in the whole hypothalamus as detected by Northern blot analysis and a 97 +/- 29% (P less than 0.05) increase in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) as detected using in situ hybridization. No significant change in CRF mRNA levels was observed in the hypothalamus at any time up to 24 hr after a single exposure to footshock stress. A different pattern of results was obtained in other CRF-expressing cell groups. In Barrington's nucleus (a pontine micturition center), both acute and chronic stress produced significant increases in CRF mRNA, while in the olfactory bulb, both paradigms resulted in decreased levels. By Northern blot analysis, CRF mRNA in the olfactory bulb declined steadily, beginning at 4 hr after acute stress, and reached significance at 24 hr (69.2 +/- 1.9% of control, P less than 0.05). Levels from chronically (7 d) stressed animals declined to 54.1 +/- 5.1% of control value (P less than 0.05). Analysis of hybridization histochemical material revealed that both the number of positively hybridized cells and the number of silver grains per cell in the mitral and external plexiform layers of the bulb decreased following acute and chronic stress. However, CRF mRNA levels in the olfactory bulb were decreased to a comparable extent in the sham- handling group, suggesting that exposure to a novel environment can effect a decrease in CRF mRNA levels in the olfactory bulb. To provide comparisons with the effects of manipulation of glucocorticoid status, comparable analyses were carried out in separate groups of animals following adrenalectomy (ADX) with and without corticosteroid replacement. After ADX, CRF mRNA levels in the whole hypothalamus increased 60 +/- 5% (P less than 0.05) and were normalized following dexamethasone replacement. In contrast to the hypothalamus, no effects of steroid manipulation on CRF mRNA levels in the olfactory bulb, midbrain, cerebral cortex, or brain stem were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reliability of diagnosis of somatic dysfunction among osteopathic physicians and medical students

Several studies have assessed interexaminer correlation of diagnosis of somatic dysfunction (SD). This study looks at the simple task of palpating the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) of both a live and a fixed plastic model to determine whether examination results are reliable. It is expected that osteopathically trained individuals would be able to do this with reasonable accuracy. However, we tested the results of 151 examiners and found low levels of agreement on diagnosis. Furthermore, the fixed models ‘ASIS’ were set at equal, yet most examiners (89.2%) chose either left or right. Based on these statistically significant results, we can conclude that palpation for symmetry of two paired structures (such as ASIS') is not an accurate way to assess for SD. It is important to have a standardized approach to diagnosis, because comparing one ASIS with the other does not seem to be the best way to teach students how to diagnose.
Expectations About Future Use Of Long-Term Services And Supports Vary By Current Living Arrangement

Most Americans know little about options for long-term services and supports and underestimate their likely future needs for such assistance. Using data from the 2012 National Health Interview Surv...
CT Perfusion Imaging in Acute Stroke

Computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) imaging is an advanced modality that provides important information about capillary-level hemodynamics of the brain parenchyma. CTP can aid in diagnosis, management, and prognosis of acute stroke patients by clarifying acute cerebral physiology and hemodynamic status, including distinguishing severely hypoperfused but potentially salvageable tissue from both tissue likely to be irreversibly infarcted ("core") and hypoperfused but metabolically stable tissue ("benign oligemia"). A qualitative estimate of the presence and degree of ischemia is typically required for guiding clinical management. Radiation dose issues with CTP imaging, a topic of much current concern, are also addressed in this review.
Spatio-temporal modeling of video data for on-line object-oriented query processing

The paper presents a framework for data modeling and semantic abstraction of image/video data. The framework is based on spatio-temporal information associated with salient objects in an image or in a sequence of video frames and on a set of generalized n-ary operators defined to specify spatial and temporal relationships of objects present in the data. The methodology presented in this paper can manifest itself effectively in conceptualizing events and heterogeneous views in multimedia data as perceived by individual users. The proposed paradigm induces a multilevel indexing and searching mechanism that models information at various levels of granularity and hence allows processing of content-based queries in real time. We also devise a unified object-oriented interface for users with heterogeneous views to specify queries on the unbiased encoded data. This framework is being developed to realize a highly integrated multimedia database architecture.
Advances in Cognitive Therapy for Schizophrenia: Empowerment and Recovery in the Absence of Insight:

Lack of awareness of a mental disorder is a prevalent feature of schizophrenia and is associated with poor outcome. Cognitive therapy (CT) is a promising adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia but is believed to be less efficacious for patients with poor insight. This article describes a goal-oriented CT approach that was innovated to circumvent limited insight in a young woman with severe paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. The treatment facilitated recovery by targeting avoidance, inactivity, and social withdrawal, and by promoting detachment from psychotic experiences without directly challenging delusional beliefs. The case study demonstrates the involvement of family in CT and the use of behavioral exercises to modify dysfunctional beliefs and behaviors. Results are consistent with recently advanced cognitive conceptualizations of schizophrenia and suggest that when appropriately tailored and focused on functional goals, CT can promote recovery in the absence of insight.
Recognition of traitors in distributed robotic teams

The literature on distributed robotic teams working in adversarial settings focuses primarily on external entities attempting to thwart the team. The question is raised, however, about what can be done when the adversary is within the team itself? That is, if one team member turns traitor? This paper presents an initial investigation into this question. A method is developed which can be used to classify the behavior of other team members, and provide a measure of how similar their behavior is to the expected behavior. A simulation and a real-world experiment are presented, and results show that expected and traitorous behavior are distinguishable in an example real-world setting.
Experimentally-based micromechanical modeling of dynamic response of molybdenum

The study of the deformation behavior of molybdenum is expected to lead to a more detailed understanding of the deformation mechanisms of bcc metals, in particular the refractory metals. The focus of the present work has been on the high strain-rate, high strain response of molybdenum, over a broad range of temperatures. Before presenting the experimental and the corresponding micromechanical modeling results, the authors briefly review some of the existing relevant contributions.
ρ-hyperelliptic-symmetric schottly groups

Let S be a γ-hyperelliptic Riemann surface, with a γ-hyperelliptic involution τ. Assume that S has a symmetry σ so that στ=τσ. If H denotes the group generated by τ and σ, then we show that H is of Schottky type, that is, there is a Schottky uniformization (ωG P: ω S) of S for which the group H lifts. For hyperelliptic Riemann surfaces, we describe explicitly Schottky uniformizations (hyperelliptic-symmetric Schottky groups) for which both τ and σ lift. The particularity of these uniformizations is that both τ and σ are reflected in a marking of the uniformizing groups. For g=2 we use the above groups to describe inside the Schottky space of genus two, the locus of symmetric Riemann surfaces.
Clinical Staff Training for Treatment of Both Drug and Alcohol Dependent Patients

During the last several years there have been numerous persuasive evidences that the traditional stereotypes of the “pure” or heroinonly addict and the “pure” alcoholic were highly inaccurate stereotypes of substance abuse behavior. Analyses of clinical case loads have identified a growing middle ground of multiple substance use between the poles of heroin and alcohol abuse. Such drug use reflects a repertoire of responses to the availability of funds and of drugs in the street, and is influenced by peer group habits. As well, it may reflect the psychosocial state of interest toward particular drug actions.
Hot Science, High Water: Assembling Nature, Society and Environmental Policy in Contemporary Vietnam

Eren Zink's Hot Science, High Water examines a range of scientific and development projects in contemporary Vietnam, focusing in particular on “what it means to be a scientist and to do science” (v...
Occlusion reasoning for multiple object visual tracking

Occlusion reasoning for visual object tracking in uncontrolled environments is a challenging problem. It becomes significantly more difficult when dense groups of indistinguishable objects are present in the scene that cause frequent inter-object interactions and occlusions. We present several practical solutions that tackle the inter-object occlusions for video surveillance applications. In particular, this thesis proposes three methods. First, we propose "reconstruction-tracking," an online multi-camera spatial-temporal data association method for tracking large groups of objects imaged with low resolution. As a variant of the well-known Multiple-Hypothesis-Tracker, our approach localizes the positions of objects in 3D space with possibly occluded observations from multiple camera views and performs temporal data association in 3D. Second, we develop "track linking," a class of offline batch processing algorithms for long-term occlusions, where the decision has to be made based on the observations from the entire tracking sequence. We construct a graph representation to characterize occlusion events and propose an efficient graph-based/combinatorial algorithm to resolve occlusions. Third, we propose a novel Bayesian framework where detection and data association are combined into a single module and solved jointly. Almost all traditional tracking systems address the detection and data association tasks separately in sequential order. Such a design implies that the output of the detector has to be reliable in order to make the data association work. Our framework takes advantage of the often complementary nature of the two subproblems, which not only avoids the error propagation issue from which traditional "detection-tracking approaches" suffer but also eschews common heuristics such as "non-maximum suppression" of hypotheses by modeling the likelihood of the entire image. The thesis describes a substantial number of experiments, involving challenging, notably distinct simulated and real data, including infrared and visible-light data sets recorded ourselves or taken from data sets publicly available. In these videos, the number of objects ranges from a dozen to a hundred per frame in both monocular and multiple views. The experiments demonstrate that our approaches achieve results comparable to those of state-of-the-art approaches.
El libro transatlántico. Relaciones editoriales entre España y América Latina (1936-1950)

"Esta monografia representa un destacado aporte a la escasa pero creciente bibliografia academica dedicada al estudio de la historia de la industria editorial en lengua espanola. Metodologicamente, se caracteriza por el proposito de complementar y contrastar las mas tradicionales fuentes de informacion ―el testimonio de los protagonistas del mundo del libro y los datos estadisticos existentes sobre produccion editorial― con el examen, por un lado, de los archivos de las Camaras del Libro y otras asociaciones corporativas de editores y libreros, y, por otro, de los catalogos editoriales. Su autor, Fernando Larraz, sigue aqui una linea de investigacion, heredera"
High resolution electron gun

A high-demagnification electron gun with a small spot size was developed by deflecting the electron beam before it enters a large focusing lens. The pre-focusing deflection allows close spacing between the focusing lens and the tube screen. The diameter of the focusing lens is large compared with the beam deflection to keep spot distortion at a minimum. Either electrostatic or magnetic focusing can be used. For the electrostatic gun with an accelerating lens, only small deflection fields are required since a low voltage beam is to be deflected in the accelerating field. Magnetic deflection is used.
Erysipeloid; Occurrence among Veterinary Students

Erysipeloid, or infection in man caused by an organism of the genus Erysipelothrix, was apparently described as early as 1873 by Fox as cited by Klauder.' The same year Baker, as cited also by Klauder,' described a condition which evidently was also erysipeloid, but which he called "erythema serpens." In 1887 Rosenbach (Klaudert) published the results of his studies of erysipeloid, and in medical circles the infection is still called the "erysipeloid of Rosenbach." He was of the opinion that there were three distinct organisms in the group, the human, porcine and murine types; however, many investigators who have since made bacteriological and serological studies of the organism from widely different sources have come to believe that there is but one organism which becomes modified in virulence by prolonged passage through a given host.2 In more recent years, the disease has been reported as occurring among handlers of fresh and salt water fish, abattoir workers, bone button factory workers, butchers, housewives, and those of other varied occupations.3 However, Klauder states,4 "Infection can invariably be traced to contact with animals, fish, Crustacea, dead matter of plant and animal origin, or matter derived from animals such as hides, pelts, bone and manure." He reports cases following such unusual exposures as the bite of a turtle, carrying an opossum with its tail wrapped around abraded knuckles, and through a puncture wound in a vacationist's foot by a fishbone in the sand. In a paper in which he presents a clinical analysis of 100 cases of erysipeloid4 he reports, among others, 6 cases involving veterinary students "infected when dissecting a dead horse." No comment is made upon the state of preservation of this cadaver; however, it is interesting to note that Koch first demonstrated in putrid meat the presence of an organism capable of causing a fatal septicemia in mice and which has since been given the name of Erysipelothrix murisepticae.5 During the 1935-36 school year at Kansas State College, 6 veterinary students reported to the student health department for treatment of hand infections incurred while dissecting horse cadavers. Due to the clinical characteristics, erysipeloid was suspected at the time and an attempt to isolate
Recovery of growth hormone in purification of corticotropin.

SummaryExtraction of acetone-dried hog anterior pituitary glands with glacial acetic acid at 70 °C and removal of corticotropin with oxycellulose provides a method for the preparation of corticotropin and growth hormone in a single procedure.
Fluctuations in the Protein and Carbohydrate Content of the Crop Correlated to Periodicities in Ovarian Development of the Female Face Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

A significant cyclic fluctuation occurred between physiological age and total protein in crop contents of face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer, fed separately and ad lib. egg protein, sugar, and water, and of flies intermittently exposed to the bovine host as the only available source of protein. Females in early and middle physiological ages, plus age 1 (age before vitellogenesis), had significantly more protein per crop on the average than flies at mature egg ages. This cyclic fluctuation was not observed when total crop sucrose was assayed instead of protein in flies exposed to a 0.5 M sucrose solution. Periodicity of crop filling and emptying, investigated with radiographic analysis and by tracing dyes through the digestive tract, indicated that crop protein and sucrose contents adequately reflected protein and sucrose appetite. Females that recently fed on protein or sucrose had significantly more protein or sucrose in their crops than females that had not fed. The observed fluctuations are believed to be a behavioral expression of the shifting physiological demands for protein within each gonotrophic cycle. Results indicate that female flies at early and middle physiological ages (plus age 1) have recently fed on protein to fulfill metabolic demands for vitellogenesis, and in females at mature egg ages, protein hunger has diminished or stopped. Flies appear to seek sugar for basic metabolic survival, regardless of the progress of ovarian development
Which Isoperimetric Ratios are Bounded

(1970). Which Isoperimetric Ratios are Bounded? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 77, No. 3, pp. 288-289.
Market Segmentation, Product Differentiation, and Marketing Strategy:

Despite the pervasive use of the terms “market segmentation” and “product differentiation,” there has been and continues to be considerable misunderstanding about their meaning and use. The authors...
Survey of Animal Models in Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Choosing the Right Model to Answer the Right Question

The selection of a model to study post-traumatic arthritis is a challenging and potentially confusing decision. This chapter was added specifically to address questions investigators may have when considering moving their work into an animal model. It is not possible to cover every possible species of animal that could be used. Therefore, this chapter provides a comprehensive review of the various aspects of arthritis after joint injury that can be studied in three commonly used species. This work provides an overview of what assays, information, and data can be available to the investigators. It is important that investigators are certain they will be able to collect data to address their research question before the investigation begins.
Social Media Sources for Personality Profiling.

Social media provide a rich source of author-identified text that can be used for personality profiling. However, differences in length and number of entries, syntax, abbreviations, spelling and grammar errors, and topics can affect type and difficulty of preprocessing to extract appropriate text, accuracy of training, time period sampling for training texts, and rate of degradation of accuracy over time. Biases introduced by the topic areas of the social media, author self-selection, and current events affect different social media to varying extents and can bias both the demographics and possibly the personality types of users.
Recent advances in improved tuberculosis vaccines.

Tuberculosis continues to be a major infectious cause of global morbidity and mortality, both in children and adults, in spite of widespread vaccination of infants with Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and the availability of effective antibiotics. The failure of BCG to significantly affect disease incidence in adults in many endemic countries, combined with the growing HIV epidemic and the appearance of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, threatens to overwhelm current tuberculosis control strategies. This unfortunate state of affairs has driven an intensive search for better tuberculosis vaccines. This article reviews the various vaccine development strategies which are being used e.g., purification or synthesis of protein peptide and non-peptide antigens from M. tuberculosis, creation of rationally-attenuated mutants of BCG and M. tuberculosis, development of DNA vaccines based upon the published genome sequence, the cloning of mycobacterial genes into living vaccine carrier strains (e.g., attenuated Salmonella, vaccinia virus, etc), or the use of naturally attenuated mycobacterial species (e.g., M. vaccae, M. microti). The animal models in which these vaccine candidates are being screened for protective efficacy (e.g., the mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, primate) will be discussed briefly. Finally, some of the challenges inherent in the eventual clinical evaluation of new tuberculosis vaccines are reviewed.
Computerized scanning devices for Pap smear screening: current status and critical review.

Automation of the Pap smear has taken almost half of a century.Two systems have recently received FDA approval for routine use as quality control (rescreening) devices. Technical triumphs are overshadowed by current conflicts among cytopathology professionals, clinicians, patients, and device manufacturers. The historic perspective of this potentially volatile situation provides the backdrop for possible solutions based on the scientific validity of this evolving technology.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Brain Tumors.

Next-generation sequencing has substantially enhanced our understanding of the genetics of primary brain tumors by uncovering several novel driver genetic alterations. How many of these genetic modifications contribute to the pathogenesis of brain tumors is not well understood. An exciting paradigm emerging in cancer biology is that oncogenes actively reprogram cellular metabolism to enable tumors to survive and proliferate. We discuss how some of these genetic alterations in brain tumors rewire metabolism. Furthermore, metabolic alterations directly impact epigenetics well beyond classical mechanisms of tumor pathogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming in brain tumors is also influenced by the tumor microenvironment contributing to drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Altered cancer metabolism can be leveraged to noninvasively image brain tumors, which facilitates improved diagnosis and the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Many of these aspects of altered metabolism provide novel therapeutic opportuniti...
Context matters: Diversity's short‐ and long‐term effects in fortune's “best companies to work for”

Research summary: Previous research has examined the racial diversity-productivity relationship in corporations with an evident high commitment to minority programs, Fortune's “Best Companies for Minorities.” To assess generalizability, we replicate this research using a different context of high organizational-employee value congruence, Fortune's “Best Companies to Work For.” We are not able to find evidence for the curvilinear relationships previously found, but do uncover a linear negative relationship between racial diversity and short-run performance. Managerial summary: Using Fortune's “Best Companies for Minorities,” previous research found that racial diversity affected both firm productivity and Tobin's q. To see if we could find these results in a different group of firms, we replicate this research using a sample drawn from Fortune's “Best Companies to Work For.” The former sample is distinguished by high commitment to minority programs, while the one used here stresses high congruence of values between the organization and all its employees. We are unable to replicate the relationships previously found, however, but do find that increasing racial diversity had a negative effect on firm productivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global cognitive function and processing speed are associated with gait and balance dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

Our primary objective was to determine the relationship between global cognitive function and specific domains of gait and balance in a cohort of Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects. In a secondary analysis, we determined whether specific cognitive domains correlated with gait and balance performance. Fourteen PD subjects (mean age 61.1 ± 7.8 years) were recruited from the Rush University Medical Center Movement Disorders clinic. Subjects underwent clinical assessment using the motor subsection of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) followed by quantitative gait and balance assessments using the APDM Mobility Lab™ system (Mobility Lab, APDM Inc., Portland, OR). Subjects completed global cognitive testing using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) as well as domain specific cognitive measures. Spearman’s rho was used to assess correlations between cognitive measures and gait and balance function, with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for multiple comparisons. Global cognitive function had the strongest correlation with stride velocity (r = 0.816, p = 0.001), turn duration (r = −0.806, p = 0.001), number of steps to turn (r = −0.830, p = 0.001), and mean velocity of postural sway in the medio-lateral direction (r = −0.726, p = 0.005). A significant correlation was found between processing speed and two turning measures (turn duration, r = −0.884, p = 0.001; number of steps to turn, r = −0.954, p < 0.001), but no other associations were found between specific cognitive domains and gait domains. This pilot study provides preliminary data regarding the association between global cognitive function and pace-related measures of gait, turning, and postural sway. Furthermore, reduced processing speed was found to be associated with difficulty in performing turns.
Evaluation of Real-Time Mortality Surveillance Based on Media Reports.

Objective We evaluated the usefulness and accuracy of media-reported data for active disaster-related mortality surveillance. Methods From October 29 through November 5, 2012, epidemiologists from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tracked online media reports for Hurricane Sandy–related deaths by use of a keyword search. To evaluate the media-reported data, vital statistics records of Sandy-related deaths were compared to corresponding media-reported deaths and assessed for percentage match. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and timeliness of the media reports for detecting Sandy-related deaths were calculated. Results Ninety-nine media-reported deaths were identified and compared with the 90 vital statistics death records sent to the CDC by New York City (NYC) and the 5 states that agreed to participate in this study. Seventy-five (76%) of the media reports matched with vital statistics records. Only NYC was able to actively track Sandy-related deaths during the event. Moderate sensitivity (83%) and PPV (83%) were calculated for the matching media-reported deaths for NYC. Conclusions During Hurricane Sandy, the media-reported information was moderately sensitive, and percentage match with vital statistics records was also moderate. The results indicate that online media-reported deaths can be useful as a supplemental source of information for situational awareness and immediate public health decision-making during the initial response stage of a disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:460–466)
Shifting Attention: Modeling Follower Relationship Dynamics Among US Emergency Management-Related Organizations During a Colorado Wildfire

Abstract Emergency management organizations rarely act in a vacuum—both governmental and nongovernmental organizations look to one another for topical information and practical guidance in both routine and nonroutine settings. Although such attentional relationships have been historically difficult to study, the expansion of organizational activities into the online domain provides an opportunity to directly measure who is attending to whom in some settings. One such setting is Twitter, a popular microblogging service with a large emergency management presence. Here, we employ a dynamic network logistic regression modeling approach to uncover the mechanisms that govern the evolving follower (i.e., subscription) relationships among a set of United States emergency management-related organizations (federal and state level) over an extended period during a Colorado wildfire. We relate features of the organizations' temporally evolving structural position within this social network to their public information exchange patterns demonstrating a fairly complex pattern of historical dependence in attentional ties.
Quality College and University Instructional Physical Activity Programs Contribute to Mens Sana in Corpore Sano, “The Good Life,” and Healthy Societies

ABSTRACTPhysical education debuted in higher education in 1860 at Amherst College. The program, aimed at the general student body, thrived under the leadership of Edward Hitchcock, Jr., M.D. Similar programs were developed elsewhere. At its high point, an estimated 97% of colleges and universities required their students to partake in some form of physical education in order to earn a bachelor’s degree. The early physical education pioneers were trained as medical doctors responsible for all aspects of student hygiene. Physical education ultimately evolved into its own academic discipline, known today as kinesiology. As the discipline codified, physical education programs aimed at addressing the needs of the total student body became increasingly marginalized. Regardless, quality college and university instructional physical activity programs (C/UIPAP) continue to this day and they have enormous unrealized potential for addressing student, institutional, and societal needs. Recommendations for helping C/U...
Myosin-independent cytokinesis in Giardia utilizes flagella to coordinate force generation and direct membrane trafficking

Devoid of all known canonical actin-binding proteins, the prevalent parasite Giardia lamblia uses an alternative mechanism for cytokinesis. Unique aspects of this mechanism can potentially be leveraged for therapeutic development. Here, live-cell imaging methods were developed for Giardia to establish division kinetics and the core division machinery. Surprisingly, Giardia cytokinesis occurred with a median time that is ∼60 times faster than mammalian cells. In contrast to cells that use a contractile ring, actin was not concentrated in the furrow and was not directly required for furrow progression. Live-cell imaging and morpholino depletion of axonemal Paralyzed Flagella 16 indicated that flagella-based forces initiated daughter cell separation and provided a source for membrane tension. Inhibition of membrane partitioning blocked furrow progression, indicating a requirement for membrane trafficking to support furrow advancement. Rab11 was found to load onto the intracytoplasmic axonemes late in mitosis and to accumulate near the ends of nascent axonemes. These developing axonemes were positioned to coordinate trafficking into the furrow and mark the center of the cell in lieu of a midbody/phragmoplast. We show that flagella motility, Rab11, and actin coordination are necessary for proper abscission. Organisms representing three of the five eukaryotic supergroups lack myosin II of the actomyosin contractile ring. These results support an emerging view that flagella play a central role in cell division among protists that lack myosin II and additionally implicate the broad use of membrane tension as a mechanism to drive abscission.
High power and high linearity photodiodes for RF photonics

This talk will describe modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes (MUTCs) that have achieved high RF output power and high saturation current. Discrete photodiodes, 4×1 phase matched arrays, and balanced detectors will be discussed.