cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Some Bacterial Enzymes on the Heat Coagulation of Milk

Summary 1.The results of the first part of the work where only milk cultures of the sweet curdling organisms were used can be summed up as follows: a.Small amounts of acid inhibit heat coagulation over a small range. b.Larger amounts of acid increase heat coagulation. c.Small amounts of a milk culture of a sweet curdling organism inhibit heat coagulation over a small range. d.Larger amounts of a milk culture of a sweet curdling organism hasten heat coagulation. e.In the presence of little acid the addition of portions of a milk culture of a sweet curdling organism lowers the acidity at which heat coagulation will take place. f.In the presence of larger amounts of acid this action of the culture of a sweet curdling organism is obscured or eliminated. 2.The results of the second part of the work when the rennin-like enzymes of certain bacteria were isolated and purified are as follows: a.The rennin-like enzymes of sweet curdling organisms were isolated and purified to some extent by methods described. b.Bacterial rennin is destroyed by a temperature of 60°C. for fifteen minutes. c.The purified bacterial rennin has no effect upon heat coagulation when the milk is heated immediately upon addition of the rennin. d.When the rennin has been allowed to act on the milk for a time, the heat coagulability of the milk is increased. e.The rate of this action of the rennin is dependent on the concentration or strength of the enzyme present. f.The rate of action of the rennin is dependent on the temperature at which the enzyme is allowed to act. A temperature of 40° to 43°C. is the optimum for most remains. An increase in temperature up to the optimum temperature hastens rennin action. Action goes on at a slow rate at temperatures as low as 10°C. g.The addition of acid in small amounts accelerates the rennin action. h.The presence of soluble calcium salts in small amounts accelerates the rennin action. i.The presence of citrates in small amounts retards the rennin action. j.The effect of acid plus rennin upon heat coagulation is additive. k.The effect of soluble calcium salts plus rennin upon heat coagulation is additive. l.A definite amount of curdling enzyme can cause heat coagulability only in a limited amount of milk. m.This limit of influence is the same whether the rennin is allowed to complete its action at its optimum temperature or autoclave temperatures are applied after the action is started. n.Chymosin resembles the bacterial rennins in its influence upon the heat coagulation of milk. o.Bacterial rennin may be an important factor in the coagulation of milk upon sterilization in the condenseries. The rennin may work in conjunction with acid in the milk or an excess of soluble calcium.
Calcium spikes: Chance or necessity?

Calcium oscillations present one of the most important signaling mechanisms in cell biology. The standard paradigm for the origin of calcium oscillations is dynamic, i.e. fast release of calcium from intracellular stores is followed by slow inhibition. Yet, this very dynamic theory for these oscillations came recently into scrutiny since the building blocks of cellular calcium signals are spatially and temporally limited calcium release events through small, distinct cluster of ion channels. According to this new paradigm, a coherent wave of calcium release, triggered by stochastic release events from a group of clusters, sweeps the cell. Oscillations are believed to emerge through a spatial coherence resonance mechanism. In this paper we investigate the difference in stochastic spiking generated by a small periodic system and a small excitable system and compare with published experimental data.
Trade-Off Analysis for Selective versus Brute-Force Regression Testing in FSMWeb

This paper provides a tradeoff framework to determine whether selective regression testing or brute force regression testing is preferable. The framework is based on classifying tests as reusable, retest able, and obsolete. It uses the FSMWeb model as the behavioral model upon which test generation is based. To illustrate how our tradeoff framework works for evaluating and choosing regression testing approaches for FSMWeb models, we use an example that has different modification scenarios in the FSMWeb model and analyze cost-benefit tradeoffs for the techniques that vary with the amount of changes and the impact of model changes. Further, we discuss practical issues to be considered when we choose regression testing techniques so that the employed technique meets the organization's business values.
A Critical-Incident Job Analysis of the University Housing Resident Assistant Position:

93 subjects participated in a job analysis of the University Housing Resident Assistant position using the critical incident technique. The job analysis indicated that good Resident Assistants could be distinguished from poor ones along 13 separate dimensions. These dimensions were interest in residents, availability, responsibility, fairness, self-adherence to the rules, social skills, programming, self-confidence, rule enforcement, authoritarianism, counseling skills, self-control, and confidentiality. The most important categories were interest in residents and availability. The current findings were discussed in relation to both previously reported research findings and potential future applications.
A generalization of Polyak's convergence result for subgradient optimization

This paper generalizes a practical convergence result first presented by Polyak. This new result presents a theoretical justification for the step size which has been successfully used in several specialized algorithms which incorporate the subgradient optimization approach.
An Analysis of Ambulatory Teaching Situations for Faculty Development.

Economic, social, and medical trends are forcing medical educators to look to the ambulatory care setting as a training site for medical students and residents. The purpose of this study was to identify the variables that clinical faculty perceive to influence the ease or difficulty of teaching in the ambulatory setting. Faculty having teaching responsibilities in the ambulatory setting were asked to complete teaching situation cards related to either an “easy teaching situation”; or a “difficult teaching situation.”; Faculty identified several major characteristics that contributed to easy teaching situations including the medical student or resident and the patient. The variables that faculty perceived as contributing to difficult teaching situations included the medical student's or resident's lack of receptiveness to feedback from the instructor, lack of interest, and incompetence. Implications of the findings for faculty development efforts to improve teaching in the ambulatory setting are reported.
The consistency of change in the development of nursing faculty practice plans

Nursing faculty practice plans need to be inherently flexible to meet the changing needs of nursing schools and the external clients of the practice plans. The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center (UT-Houston) School of Nursing has constructed two integrated models of faculty practice to meet the challenges of change. Our linkage model with outside agencies and our academic nursing center provided in excess of one million dollars of support to the School of Nursing in fiscal year 1992–1993. Flexibility in our linkage model is discussed in such areas as the negotiation process for contracts with outside agencies, methods of payment for services, calculations of cost recoveries, methods of setting consultant rate levels, revisions of fund-disbursement policies, and development of fund-tracking systems. UT-Houston School of Nursing's nursing center model is based on a business plan and was established without outside funding assistance. Over time, the areas of concentration have changed because of changing community needs and market conditions. Its revenues depend on marketing efforts by the clinic staff. Evaluation and outcome research, to be based on computerized financial and patient record information systems, are considered critical elements in maintaining the UT-Houston cutting-edge leadership as an academic nursing center.
Improved Lake/Reservoir Water Quality Modeling Using an Environmental Model and GIS

A GIS extension is developed to prepare input parameters for and visualize outputs from the BATHTUB lake/reservoir water quality model. The extension operates within the ArcView GIS. It can be used to delineate model elements, define element relationships, calculate element parameters, and create a model project file. The extension facilitates the use of the BATHTUB model, which in turn contributes to the decision-making process concerning lake/reservoir water quality management in agricultural watersheds of the U.S. Midwest. Applicability of the extension is illustrated through a case study for Clinton Lake in Kansas.
Impact of core and peripheral service quality on consumption behavior of professional team sport spectators as mediated by perceived value

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship of core service quality and peripheral service quality factors to the consumption of professional team sport games while considering the mediating influence of perceived value. This study simultaneously incorporated core service and peripheral service quality factors into one study and examined their direct and indirect relationships with game consumption behaviors. Participants (N=222) responded to a survey at various metropolitan areas. Adopting the two-step structural equation modeling approach, the proposed measurement model and the structural model were found to have good psychometric properties. In the structural relationship analyses, home team, opposing team, game promotion, game amenities, venue quality, and perceived value were found to be predictive of behavioral intentions. Venue quality was the only factor that had an indirect relationship with behavioral intentions through perceived value. The findings are interpre...
Anisotropic hydrodynamics: Motivation and methodology

Abstract In this proceedings contribution I review recent progress in our understanding of the bulk dynamics of relativistic systems that possess potentially large local rest frame momentum-space anisotropies. In order to deal with these momentum-space anisotropies, a reorganization of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics can be made around an anisotropic background, and the resulting dynamical framework has been dubbed “anisotropic hydrodynamics”. I also discuss expectations for the degree of momentum-space anisotropy of the quark–gluon plasma generated in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC from second-order viscous hydrodynamics, strong-coupling approaches, and weak-coupling approaches.
Analysis of a Concept for a Low Wind Speed Tolerant Axial Wind Turbine

In this paper, the authors analyze a design for a wind tower intended for areas of low wind speeds. The wind tower consists of a combination of several rooftop size turbines arranged alongside a cylindrical structure that acts as a Wind Deflecting Structure (WDS). The WDS amplifies the effective wind speed thus allowing the turbine rotors to operate under lower ambient wind speeds. Analyses were performed using simple models as well as more sophisticated CFD methods employing Steady and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes methodology. The effect of the wind amplification was shown on a commercial small wind turbine power output map. Also, a wind turbine rotor flow was computed as operating alongside the WDS and compared to the computed operation of isolated turbines at equal effective and ambient wind velocities. The computational analyses of this work suggest that the power output of isolated rooftop wind turbines deployed at low to moderate wind speed may be matched by installing wind turbines alongside a cylindrical wind deflecting structure operating at lower wind speeds. Other benefits of the arrangement are also enumerated.© 2011 ASME
The Perils of Assuming a Single Equilibrium

Most techniques sociologists use to analyze empirical phenomena make the single equilibrium assumption that a given configuration of independent variables will produce a single outcome. The author uses two simple models to show that when the assumption does not hold, such techniques may be inadequate. The assumption, moreover, may not be valid for many social phenomena. To show this, the author takes two recent published examples of work that assumes a single equilibrium and presents models of the phenomena that suggest that assumption may not hold. The consequence of analysis that erroneously assumes a single equilibrium may be a fundamental misunderstanding of the phenomenon in question and faulty policy conclusions.
The accuracy of computed tomography in the diagnosis of blunt small-bowel perforation

background : Computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to evaluate patients with possible blunt intra-abdominal injury. One of its reported weaknesses is failure to demonstrate intestinal trauma. However, CT accuracy in identifying blunt small-bowel perforation has not been adequately assessed. patients and methods : We tracked 883 consecutive stable trauma victims who had abdominal CT because of equivocal physical findings. Initial “wet reading” results were compared with laparotomy findings and patient outcome. results : Small-bowel perforation occurred in 26 patients (3%). Twenty-four had CT abnormalities suggesting the injury. Twelve had CT findings considered diagnostic: contrast extravasation (n = 5) and/or extraluminal air (n = 11). One additional patient was thought to have free air on CT, but had no intestinal injury at laparotomy. Another 12 patients had CT scans that were nondiagnostic but suggestive: free fluid without solid organ injury (n = 10), or small-bowel thickening (n = 4) or dilatation (n = 3). Two patients with small-bowel injuries had normal CT scans. Of 857 patients without small-bowel disruption, 802 had normal abdominal CT scans, and 55 had 67 CT findings suggesting intestinal injury. Thus, CT diagnosed small-bowel perforation with a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 94%, and negative and positive predictive accuracies of 100% and 30%, respectively. The test had an overall accuracy (validity) of 94%. conclusions : Blunt small-bowel injury is uncommon. When it is present, abdominal CT is usually abnormal. CT findings in intestinal perforation can be subtle and nonspecific. Any unexplained abnormality on CT after blunt abdominal trauma may signal the presence of intestinal perforation and warrants close clinical observation or further diagnostic tests.
A convenient and rapid synthesis of potassium penicilliantes using EEDQ

N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ, 1) has been utilized as a coupling reagent to attach sterically unhindered acids to the potassium salt of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (4) at room temperature. The excellent yields and rapidity of the reaction illustrate the convenience of utilizing 1 as the coupling reagent to directly prepare the potassium salt of certain penicillins.
The Difficulty of Measuring Low Friction: Uncertainty Analysis for Friction Coefficient Measurements

The experimental evaluation of friction coefficient is a common laboratory procedure; however, the corresponding measurement uncertainty is not widely discussed. This manuscript examines the experimental uncertainty associated with friction measurements by following the guidelines prescribed in international standards. The uncertainty contributors identified in this analysis include load cell calibration, load cell voltage measurement, and instrument geometry. A series of 20 tests, carried out under nominally identical conditions, was performed using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer. A comparison between the experimental standard deviation and uncertainty analysis results is provided.
Resistance to Persuasion and Attitude Certainty: The Moderating Role of Elaboration

Recent research (Tormala & Petty, 2002) has demonstrated that when people resist persuasive attacks, they can under specifiable conditions become more certain of their initial attitudes. The present research explores the role of elaboration in determining when this effect will occur. Using both self-reported differences in situational elaboration (Study 1) and chronic individual differences in the need for cognition (Study 2), it is demonstrated that resisting persuasion increases attitude certainty primarily when elaboration is high. When elaboration is low, resisting persuasion does not appear to impact attitude certainty. These findings shed light on the role of metacognitive factors in resistance to persuasion, pinpointing the conditions under which these factors come into play.
Character of sediments entering the Costa Rica subduction zone: Implications for partitioning of water along the plate interface

Sediments deposited off the Nicoya Peninsula advect large volumes of water as they enter the Costa Rica subduction zone. Seismic reflection data, together with results from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 170, show that hemipelagic mud comprises the upper ∼135 m of the sediment column (ranging from 0 to 210 m). The lower ∼215 m of the sediment column (ranging from 0 to 470 m) is pelagic carbonate ooze. We analyzed samples from 60 shallow (<7 m) cores to characterize the spatial variability of sediment composition on the incoming Cocos Plate. The bulk hemipelagic sediment is 10 wt% opal and 60 wt% smectite on average, with no significant variations along strike; the pelagic chalk contains approximately 2 wt% opal and <1 wt% smectite. Initially, most of the water (96%) in the subducting sediment is stored in pore spaces, but the pore water is expelled during the early stages of subduction by compaction and tectonic consolidation. Approximately 3.6% of the sediment's total water volume enters the subduction zone as interlayer water in smectite; only 0.4% of the water is bound in opal. Once subducting strata reach depths greater than 6 km (more than 30 km inboard of the subduction front), porosity drops to less than 15%, and temperature rises to greater than 60°C. Under those conditions, discrete pulses of opal and smectite dehydration should create local compartments of fluid overpressure, which probably influence fluid flow patterns and reduce effective stress along the plate boundary fault.
Strength of Composite Laminate with Reinforced Hole

Tension and compression tests of quasi-isotropic [0/ ± 45/90]2s, graphite/epoxy lami nates containing a circular hole with reinforcement were conducted. Two types of rein forcement were investigated; adhesively bonded plug reinforcement or snug-fit unbonded plug in the hole. For each case of reinforcement, four different sizes of hole diameter and three types of reinforcing material (aluminum, plexiglass, steel) were employed for in vestigation. The experiments were mainly focused on the evaluation of ultimate strength of laminate with reinforced hole in comparison to its counterpart with the open hole.
The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on odor associative learning in rats.

Abstract Alcohol was administered to pregnant females via a liquid diet that contained either 35% ethanol-derived calories (35% EDC) or 0% EDC on gestation days 6–20. An ad lib lab chow group (LC) was also included. In Experiment 1, odor-aversion learning was examined in 10-day-old offspring. While both the 0% EDC and LC groups displayed odor aversions, the 35% EDC offspring did not. In Experiment 2, learning was assessed in an appetitive paradigm in three-day-old offspring. Once again, the 35% EDC offspring showed no evidence of learning. Experiment 3 examined odor-aversion learning in adults. Both alcohol-exposed offspring and controls learned the odor association equally well. These findings suggest that odor associative learning is a sensitive indicator for alcohol-related learning deficits in rat pups although these deficits may dissipate as the offspring matures. Since odor associations play a critical role in neonatal behaviors, these deficits may help explain other behavioral anomalies noted following prenatal alcohol exposure.
Scale Invariant Processing Using Multiple Wavelengths

A method for optical correlation is discussed that can use a liquid crystal television in the filter plane. Conventional binary phase-only filtering is compared with a binary amplitude approach that uses the sum of the intensities from multiple binary amplitude correlations. One parallel processing implementation is presented that uses three binary amplitude filters, each filter using a different wavelength of light. A computer simulation using synthetic filters shows that a binary amplitude multiple wavelength filter (BANE) that uses ternary phase correction works as well as a conventional binary phase-only filter when used as a scale invariant filter and as a synthetic estimation filter.
Phototoxic plant burns: report of a case and review of topical wound treatment in children

Acute photodermatitis provoked by skin contact with giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) and exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a rare cause of phytophotodermatitis in children. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with extensive photodermatitis after contact with giant hogweed and prolonged exposure to sunlight. The lesions involved 10% of the body surface area, mainly the lower extremities. After initial application of topical steroids to the skin erythema, the topical approach was changed due to extensive bullae. Debridement and temporary wound closure with an adequate dressing was undertaken. This is the first case report of application of Suprathel (PolyMedics Innovations, Denkendorf, Germany) on a phytophototoxic burn-like wound with a favorable outcome.
Computerization in breast imaging and diagnosis

Computerization in breast imaging is very important for activity management and for the qualitative and quantitative control of the diagnoses. The connection through a personal computer network is necessary for the simultaneous input of more data. The activity in our center is completely managed by a specific software which controls and facilitates the input of all personal, administrative, history, instrumental and pathological data. The encoded case history permits quick and accurate data input and the relative information is easy to understand. Database information can be used to make periodical administrative and diagnostic reports and queries, to elaborate useful data for scientific reports and to manage didactic material. The growing use of computers will permit the exchange of data among breast imaging centers and also create important data banks for breast cancer studies.
Mutagenic potential of municipal sewage sludge amended soils

This study was conducted to measure the mutagenic potential of municipal sewage sludge amended soil. Two separate sludge samples were collected from one municipal wastewater treatment plant and applied to undisturbed soil lysimeters over a 9 mo interval. Soil and sludge samples were collected for approximately 2 yr following sludge application. Samples were solvent extracted using methylene chloride and methanol, and the bacterial mutagenicity of the resulting residue determined using the Salmonella/microsome assay. The maximum specific activity of the sludge amended soil was 416 net revertants per 10 mg of residue induced by the methanol fraction extracted from the Weswood soil collected 154 d following the first sludge application. In the Padina sand, the maximum specific activity was 320 net revertants per 10 mg of residue induced by the methanol fraction extracted from the sample collected 154 d following the first sludge application. The specific activity of the sludge amended soil was observed to decrease slowly with time. For both the Padina and the Weswood soils, mutagenic organic chemicals were detected in soil samples collected 510 d following the second sludge application. For the Weswood soil, the mutagenic activity per unit weight of soil with metabolic activation of the samples collected 510 d after the final sludge application was decreased by 15 and 76% for the methylene chloride and methanol fractions, respectively, when compared to the maximum weighted activity observed 56 d after the final sludge application. The results indicate that municipal sewage sludges may contain organic mutagens which are persistent in the soil.
Field theory of relativistic strings. II. Loops and Pomerons

In a previous paper we showed how to construct the field theory of relativistic strings, which is an entirely new kind of field theory, one based on quantizing along multilocal strings. We showed how to write down the Lagrangian, canonical commutation relations, and all tree amplitudes. In this paper we extend our previous results by (1) completing the graph counting for loops and showing that it reduces to the usual dual multiloop graphs and to the usual ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{3}$ counting, (2) demonstrating that Pomeron contributions must be added to our master Lagrangian if we are to preserve duality and crossing symmetry, (3) giving explicit matrix elements for Reggeon-Pomeron and Pomeron-Pomeron interactions, (4) giving a mechanism for shifting masses by summing over all Reggeon-Pomeron direct transition graphs, and (5) commenting on the relationship between the Shapiro-Virasoro model and quantized gravity.
User Interface Functions for an Analysis Idealization System.

: The user interface for an analysis idealization system is described, which is intended for use by design experts. The interface is part of a system to automatically execute analysis for PDEs (Partial Differential Equations), especially by means of the finite element method, and to control the idealizations used in the analysis. The system is designed to be used with commercial modelers and analysis packages, makes use of geometric, attribute and functional models, and addresses the need for multi-disciplinary analysis support throughout an evolving design. The basics of X/Xt/Motif programming are explained in order to understand the construction of the user interface, and the interface operations are illustrated with examples.
Rotational line intensities for singlet-triplet transitions in molecules belonging to the point groups D2h, C2v, and D2

Abstract Explicit expressions are presented for transition moment matrix elements and Hamiltonian matrix elements which can be used directly in computer programs for calculating rigid rotor line intensities for singlet-triplet transitions in molecules belonging to the point groups D 2 h , C 2 v , and D 2 . The calculational procedure outlined and the various matrix elements presented can be used for triplet states exhibiting large or small spin splittings in the nonrotating molecule.
Tipping the lysine methylation balance in disease

Genomic instability is a major contributing factor to the development and onset of diseases such as cancer. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that maintaining the proper balance of histone lysine methylation is critical to preserve genomic integrity. Genome-wide association studies, gene sequencing, and genome-wide mapping approaches have helped identify mutations, copy number changes, and aberrant gene regulation of lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) associated with cancer and cognitive disorders. Structural analysis of KMTs and KDMs has demonstrated the drugability of these enzymes and has led to the discovery of small molecule inhibitors. Use of these inhibitors has allowed better understanding of the biochemical properties of KMTs and KDMs and demonstrated potential for therapeutic use. This review will highlight the methyl modifications, KMTs and KDMs associated with cancer and neurological disorders and how KMT and KDM and the potential for treatment of these conditions with small molecule inhibitors.
Regulation of growth and fruit maturation with 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid.

THE new growth regulator, 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (CEP), is active in forcing flowering of pineapple1, as a fruit ripening agent2, for promoting petiole and fruit abscission3 and inducing swelling of pea stems4. (CEP had been released as G-996 in a formulation identified as Amchem 66-329. Previous published reports have referred to it with these designations.) It has been suggested that the growth regulatory action was the result of the stimulation of ethylene production in the tissue similar to that resulting from treatment with IAA (ref. 4). In our laboratory tests with CEP it became clear that aqueous solutions of this compound were direct sources of ethylene which could be regulated by pH of the solution. This is similar to the release at ambient pressure of ethylene from solutions of beta-hydroxyethylhydrazine (BOH) as reported by Palmer et al.5. This report presents the results of laboratory and field experiments with CEP as a plant growth regulator.
Zero-Mass Leptonic Decays of W Bosons

The leptonic decays of the intermediate vector bosons with radiative corrections is studied in the limit where the mass of the charged lepton tends to zero. By means of a simple rule of calculation, we show the independence of the problem on the boson spin. Thus the ratio of the decay rates $\frac{(W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\nu})}{(W\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\ensuremath{'}})}$ is obtainable from the corresponding ratio for a spin-zero boson interacting with a weak scalar current. While the radiative correction to the ratio of total decay rates is zero in this approximation, the result is also given for the nonzero correction in the case where discrimination against high-bremsstrahlung photon energies is applied. The spin independence is shown to be true for all boson spins (to the lowest order in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$).
Electron Population Parameters from Least-Squares Refinement of X-ray Diffraction Data.

A least-squares refinement of x-ray diffraction data has been developed in which the parameters are the populations of atomic orbital products describing the molecular electron density distribution. The procedure is applied to α-oxalic acid dihydrate and cyanuric acid. Complementary structural information obtained by neutron diffraction has been used. In the absence of complementary information, the method allows simultaneous determination of structural and charge-density parameters. There is an indication of a migration of charge from the p π to the p σ orbitals in both molecules.
Addressing access to palliative care services in the surgical intensive care unit

Background Proactive case-finding using consultation triggers is a currently unexplored technique of increasing access to palliative care for patients in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Methods A retrospective, pre- and postintervention study examined the effect of an initiative involving palliative care consultation in a 21-bed SICU at an urban, tertiary referral center. The initiative identified patients meeting a set of consultation triggers suggested by a group of physicians with expertise in surgical palliative care. The charts of 300 patients were reviewed retrospectively before the initiative (Group I), and 344 charts were reviewed after the initiative (Group II) for the presence of a trigger and/or subsequent palliative care consultation. Results Triggers were rare in both groups (Group I, 5.7%; Group II, 5.5%). Palliative care consultations were also infrequent, without change before and after the intervention (Group I, 2.3%; Group II, 3.1%). There was no difference in consultations for patients meeting a trigger after the initiative (17.6% to 27.3%; P = .704). Conclusion Implementation of triggers does not increase palliative care consultations in the SICU. As an isolated intervention, triggers occur in too few patients to improve overall access to palliative care, suggesting that other methods should be further explored.
Unterschiedliche alkalische Spaltbarkeit von Acetonderivaten der 6‐Nitro‐d‐Glucose und der 6‐Nitro‐l‐idose

Die Ketalgruppierung, die als Prototyp einer alkalistabilen Anordnung gilt, kann durch die Nachbarschaft einer Nitrogruppe auserordentlich labilisiert werden. 1.2,3.5-Diisopropyliden-6-nitro-62-deoxy-D-glucose (I) erleidet bei der Behandlung mit verdunntem methanol. Alkali bei Raumtemperatur quantitative Abspaltung eines Mols Aceton aus 3.5-Stellung, wobei 2 isomere Monoacetonnitrohexose-methylather gebildet werden. Die Acetongruppen der stereoisomeren 1.2,3.5-Diisopropyliden-6-nitro-6-deoxy-L-idose (II) sowie der 1.2-Monoisopropyliden-6-nitro-6-deoxy-D-glucose (V) sind dagegen stabil.
Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-analysis

Importance Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) therapy is a widely used intervention for acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. Guidelines, which previously strongly recommended it, have recently undergone substantial change. Objective To assess IABP efficacy in acute myocardial infarction. Data Sources Human studies found in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries through December 2014 and in reference lists of selected articles. Search strings were “myocardial infarction” or “acute coronary syndrome” and “intra-aortic balloon pump” or “counterpulsation.” Study Selection Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing use of IABP with no IABP in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently extracted the data, and risk of bias in RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. We conducted separate meta-analyses of the RCTs and observational studies. Data were quantitatively synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day mortality. Results There were 12 eligible RCTs randomizing 2123 patients. In the RCTs, IABP use had no statistically significant effect on mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.74-1.24]), with no significant heterogeneity among trials ( I 2 = 0%; P = .52). This result was consistent when studies were stratified by the presence (OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.69-1.28]; P = .69, I 2 = 0%) or absence (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.57-1.69]; P = .95, I 2 = 17%) of cardiogenic shock. There were 15 eligible observational studies totaling 15 530 patients. Their results were mutually conflicting (heterogeneity I 2 = 97%; P R 2 meta = 46.2%; P Conclusions and Relevance Use of IABP was not found to improve mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction in the RCTs, regardless of whether patients had cardiogenic shock. The observational studies showed a variety of mutually contradictory associations between IABP therapy and mortality, much of which was explained by the differences between studies in the balance of risk factors between IABP and non-IABP groups.
Power and powerlessness: Death, sexuality and the demonic in nineteenth‐century American sculpture

(1988). Power and powerlessness: Death, sexuality and the demonic in nineteenth‐century American sculpture. Women's Studies: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 343-367.
Comparison of modelled and empirical atmospheric propagation data

The radiometric integrity of TM thermal infrared channel data was evaluated and monitored to develop improved radiometric preprocessing calibration techniques for removal of atmospheric effects. Modelled atmospheric transmittance and path radiance were compared with empirical values derived from aircraft underflight data. Aircraft thermal infrared imagery and calibration data were available on two dates as were corresponding atmospheric radiosonde data. The radiosonde data were used as input to the LOWTRAN 5A code which was modified to output atmospheric path radiance in addition to transmittance. The aircraft data were calibrated and used to generate analogous measurements. These data indicate that there is a tendancy for the LOWTRAN model to underestimate atmospheric path radiance and transmittance as compared to empirical data. A plot of transmittance versus altitude for both LOWTRAN and empirical data is presented.
Cocaine use in a young urban population with new-onset congestive heart failure

Study objectives: The objective of this pilot study is to describe an urban population of patients with new-onset congestive heart failure (CHF) in regard to their demographics, comorbidities, and drug use. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained. After informed consent, patients were enrolled in a prospective, consecutive manner. All patients suspected to have new-onset CHF in the emergency department were included in the study. There were no exclusion criteria. Data gathered include age, race, sex, alcohol and drug use, and history of hypertension and myocardial infarction. According to previous research, patients were divided into 2 age groups, 18 to 55 years and older than 55 years. Fischer's exact test was performed to define statistically significant differences in presence of comorbidities and drug use between the 2 groups. Results: Over a 12-month period, 75 patients were identified with new-onset CHF. All 75 patients consented to participate in the study. All patients were found to have CHF. Eighty-four percent (n=63) of patients were black; the remaining were white. The mean age of the group was 54.10±13.8 years, which was statistically significantly lower than the mean age of new-onset CHF in the nation (70±13 years; P P =.059). Among the data points collected, the only statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was cocaine use. The younger group had statistically significantly more cocaine use than the patients older than 55 years ( P =.012). Conclusion: This pilot study has identified an important association of cocaine with new-onset CHF in young patients. The patients in this study are significantly younger at first diagnosis of CHF compared with the national average. Future studies need to determine whether cocaine is a causative or merely associated factor in the development of new-onset CHF in young patients. If cocaine can be identified as a causative factor, cocaine intervention programs may decrease the incidence of new-onset CHF in young patients.
Love and friendship: Ethical socialism in britain and australia∗

The restoration of a British context to Australian historical writing has been a significant trend of recent years, but it has so far had little impact on Australian labour history, and even less on the history of radical political thought and organisation. This paper analyses one strand of Australian radical thought—ethical socialism—and seeks to illuminate the manner in which British radical ideas have been received and adapted in the antipodes, shaping radical intellectuals’ conceptions of the social and the self in late‐nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century Australia.
Predictors of Hearing Aid Use Time in Children With Mild-to-Severe Hearing Loss

Purpose This study investigated predictors of hearing aid (HA) use time for children with mild-to-severe hearing loss (HL). Barriers to consistent HA use and reliability of parent report measures were also examined. Method Participants included parents of 272 children with HL. Parents estimated the amount of time the child used HAs daily. Regression analysis examined the relationships among independent variables and HA use time. To determine parental accuracy of HA use time, datalogging from the HAs was compared to the parents' estimates. Results Longer HA use related to older age, poorer hearing, and higher maternal education. Parental consistency ratings revealed similar findings—younger children and children with milder HL wore HAs less consistently than older children and children with more severe HL. Parents' estimates and datalogging were significantly correlated; however, results suggested that parents overestimate the amount of time their children wear their HAs. Conclusion Certain variables were ...
Comparison of indices of premorbid function in schizophrenia

There has been a resurgence of interest in the area of premorbid functioning in schizophrenia as it provides clues to onset and etiology. Most studies rely on retrospective estimates of premorbid status that are incomplete, such as the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). Even prospective high-risk studies are hampered by the narrow range of premorbid functions assessed and are thus unable to answer crucial questions related to onset of illness. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between several indices of premorbid functioning. Sixty four in-patients with schizophrenia were assessed at medication-free baseline and post-treatment with BPRS and SANS. PAS scores were derived from all available sources. Premorbid cognitive ability was estimated by the mean of WAIS-R Vocabulary and Information subscale scores. Estimated premorbid IQ was obtained using a demographic regression formula. Years of education and predicted VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ were found to correlate with estimated premorbid cognitive ability. Predicted VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ were associated with years of education and PAS childhood, early and late adolescence, and general scores. Each estimate of premorbid ability demonstrated a different pattern of association with clinical ratings, symptom change, and outcome. The results suggest that education, PAS, predicted IQ, and WAIS-R estimates of premorbid cognitive ability assess different but overlapping areas of pre-morbid functioning.
Molecular Weights of Fractionated Bovine Milk Casein Micelles from Analytical Ultracentrifugation and Diffusion Measurements

Abstract Native skimmilk casein micelles were fractionated into relatively monodisperse size fractions and examined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Sedimentation patterns confirmed the monodispersity of the micelle fractions previously observed by electron microscopy, resedimentation by rate-zone ultracentrifugation, and inelastic light scattering. Sedimentation coefficients (S 20, W ) for two micelle fractions were 800 and 2200 S. Diffusion coefficients (D 20, W ) for these two fractions, measured by inelastic light scattering, were 2.82×10 −8 cm 2 /sec and .97×10 −8 cm 2 /sec. Application of the Svedberg equation led to molecular weights of these two micelle fractions of 2.3×10 8 and 1.8×10 9 .
Ideal Magnetofluid Turbulence in Two Dimensions

A continuum model of coherent structures in two-dimensional magnetohydro-dynamic turbulence is developed. These structures are macroscopic states which persist among the turbulent microscopic fluctuations, typically as magnetic islands with flow. They are modeled as statistical equilibrium states for the non-dissipative dynamics, which conserves energy and families of cross-helicity and flux integrals. The model predicts that from a given initial state an ideal magnetofluid will evolve into a final state having steady mean magnetic and velocity fields, and Gaussian local fluctuations in these fields. Excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement is found with the known results of direct numerical simulations. A rigorous justification of the theory is also provided, in the sense that the continuum model is derived from a lattice model in a fixed-volume, small-spacing limit. This construction uses the discrete Fourier transform to link the discretization ofx-space with the truncation ofk-space. Under the ergodic hypothesis and a separation-of-scales hypothesis, the lattice model is defined by a mean-field approximation to the Gibbs measure on the discretized phase space. A concentration property shows that this measure is equivalent to the microcanonical measure in the continuum limit.
Biochemical, Biophysical, and Serological Homogeneity of Edwardsiella ictaluri

Abstract Edwardsiella ictaluri is the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish, which, during the past 5 years, has become the most serious infectious disease problem of cultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. We compared 40 isolates of E. ictaluri from different geographical regions and host fish species. From the biophysical tests, a pH of 7.0–7.5 and a temperature of 25–30°C were optimum growth conditions for all E. ictaluri isolates. All isolates grew well in media with an NaCl concentration of 0.5% or less, but none of the E. ictaluri isolates grew in media with a concentration of 2.0 or 5.0% NaCl. Biochemically, 42 out of 46 tests gave the same reaction for all 40 isolates. The only observed differences were in gas production at 25°C, the o-nitrophenylbeta-D-galactopyranoside test, ornithine decarboxylation, and D-mannose utilization. Serologically, identical agglutinin titers (1:80) to E. ictaluri-specific rabbit antisera were observed, and all isolates cross-agglutinated with four di...
The Structure of Intra-Urban Movement Rates: an Ecological Model

Although increasing emphasis in urban planning and research is being placed on the development of micro-analytic models it will be many years before suitable data are available to permit their wide...
The Timeless Way of Building REA Enterprise Systems

In a continuously changing business environment, the need for more flexible enterprise systems has been recognized by many. Different solutions are being suggested to improve the adaptability of enterprise systems, including model-driven architectures and reflective systems. A model-driven architecture starts from an enterprise schema that formally defines the business activities of a company. This schema is then progressively transformed into more implementation-specific models until source code is generated [1, 2]. Changes in business practices are accommodated by enterprise schema updates that are then automatically propagated into software code. Reflective systems record enterprise schemas explicitly so that they can be manipulated at run time [3, 4]. A reflective system is more flexible since the definition of the enterprise schema and its integrity rules can be configured external to the execution of the program [5]. The expected benefits of reflective systems include improved adaptability, semantics, and reusability. On the other hand, their design is substantially more complex, and the execution of applications built with such systems is slower since the definition of the enterprise schema needs to be interpreted. A timeless REA enterprise system integrates ontological specifications as part of its reflective architecture. The Resource-Event-Agent (REA) enterprise ontology [6, 7] is strongly rooted in accounting and economic theory and addresses the issue of what phenomena should be captured in an enterprise system. In addition, it provides structuring guidelines on how economic phenomena should be assembled into business process and value chain specifications [8]. This paper explores the reflective architecture, design, and operation of timeless REA enterprise systems. We first describe the integration of ontological specifications as part of reflective enterprise systems. Next, we use claim management and cost calculation examples to illustrate how the ontological specifications can be employed for the design of reusable, ontology-driven applications.