cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic prognostics and heath management using learning algorithms

A novel model-based prognostics and health management (PHM) system has been designed to monitor the health of a photovoltaic (PV) system, measure degradation, and indicate maintenance schedules. Current state-of-the-art PV monitoring systems require module and array topology details or extensive modeling of the PV system. We present a method using an artificial neural network (ANN) which eliminates the need for a priori information by teaching the algorithm “good” performance behavior based on the initial performance of the array. The PHM algorithm was tested on two PV systems under test at the Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The PHM algorithm was trained using two months of AC power production. The model then predicted the output power of the system using irradiance, wind, and temperature data. Based on the deviation in measured AC power from the AC power predicted by the trained ANN model, system outages and other faults causing a reduction in power were detected. Had these been commercial installations, rather than research installations, an alert for maintenance could have been initiated. Further use of the PHM system may be able to indicate degradation, detect module or inverter failures, or detect excessive soiling.
Evaluating Interventions in History: The Case of International Conflict Resolution

Practitioners concerned with reducing or preventing violent interstate or inter-communal conflict need to learn lessons from history to make well-informed choices. Although expert judgment is critical in learning and applying suchlessons, social scientific analysis can help practitioners diagnose conflict situations and understand the general conditions under which and the processes by which particular interventions are likely to ameliorate particular kinds of conflict situations. This article identifies numerous conceptual, methodological, and inferential challenges of using a scientific approach to evaluate the effects of past conflict resolution interventions. It also assesses possible ways of meeting each challenge. The authors conclude that it is important to develop theories that include taxonomies of interventions and outcomes, propositions linking outcomes to characteristics of interventions and to external contingencies, and they postulate about the causal mechanisms and processes that connect interventions to outcomes. Practitioners can use such theories as guides to thinking and action, and can advance knowledge through a dialogue of theory and experience. A triangulation strategy that combines several research approaches and sources of information is particularly helpful for meeting challenges of measurement and inference.
DYNAMICS OF NONHOLOMORPHIC SINGULAR CONTINUATIONS: A CASE IN RADIAL SYMMETRY

This paper is primarily a study of special families of rational maps of the real plane of the form: where the dynamic variable z ∈ ℂ, and ℂ is identified with ℝ2. The parameter β is complex; n is a positive integer. For β small, this family can be considered a nonholomorphic singular perturbation of the holomorphic family z ↦ zn, although we consider large values of β as well. Compared to the more general family , the special case where n = d and c = 0 is easier to analyze because the radial component in polar coordinates decouples from the angular component. This reduces a significant part of the analysis to the study of a family of one-real-dimensional unimodal maps. For each fixed n, the β parameter plane separates into three major regions, corresponding to maps which have one of the following behaviors: (i) all orbits go off to infinity, (ii) only an annulus of points stays bounded, and (iii) only a Cantor set of circles stays bounded. In cases (ii) and (iii), there is a transitive invariant set; this set is an attractor in case (ii). Some comparisons are made between and the holomorphic singularly perturbed maps: z ↦ zn + λ/zn, studied by Devaney and coauthors over the last decade. Additional results and observations are made about the more general family where c ≠ 0 and n ≠ d.
The application of shoulderless conical tools in friction stir welding: An experimental and theoretical study

A friction stir welding (FSW) tool geometry, consisting of a shoulderless conical probe, is investigated for application to closed contour welding, variable thickness welding, and open-loop control welding. By use of a tapered retraction procedure and a ramped rotational velocity, a conical tool may facilitate material disengagement with minimal surface defects in applications which do not permit weld termination defects (e.g. pipes, pressure vessels, fuselages, nosecones). In addition, because the vertical position of the tool relative to the material surface is less critical with a conical tool than with other tool designs, it can be used in a open-loop fashion (i.e. without process force feedback control) and on materials whose thicknesses are highly variable. The use of a conical probe without a shoulder is not documented in the literature and it is the aim of this work to establish the conditions for mechanically sound welds. Effective tool geometries and process variables are found via experimental analysis. Thermal, tensile, macrosection, and process force data are presented along with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) process model. It is concluded that this type of tooling is capable of producing acceptable welds when applied to butted aluminum plates and that similar methods would likely be effective in the applications described previously.
Pyrimidine Nucleoside Salvage Confers an Advantage to Xenorhabdus nematophila in Its Host Interactions

Xenorhabdus nematophila is a mutualist of entomopathogenic nematodes and a pathogen of insects. To begin to examine the role of pyrimidine salvage in nutrient exchange between X. nematophila and its hosts, we identified and mutated an X. nematophila tdk homologue. X. nematophila tdk mutant strains had reduced virulence toward Manduca sexta insects and a competitive defect for nematode colonization in plate-based assays. Provision of a wild-type tdk allele in trans corrected the defects of the mutant strain. As in Escherichia coli, X. nematophila tdk encodes a deoxythymidine kinase, which converts salvaged deoxythymidine and deoxyuridine nucleosides to their respective nucleotide forms. Thus, nucleoside salvage may confer a competitive advantage to X. nematophila in the nematode intestine and be important for normal entomopathogenicity.
Non-Local Pseudopotential Calculation of the Fermi Surface of Ordered Alloy of the $\beta$-Brass Type

A non-local pseudopotential model is used to generate the Fermi surfaces of the alloys, $\beta'$-CuZn and PdIn. To take account of the influence of d-electrons the usual pseudopotential term, V(G-$G'$), is modified by the addition of an extra term which depends on k-G and k-$G'$ where k is the electron wavenumber and G and $G'$ are reciprocal lattice vectors. Including the Fermi energy there are six parameters in the theory. A particular combination of these parameters has been found for each alloy giving a Fermi surface in good agreement with the observed results. The model should be applicable to similar situations.
Shock lung: fact or fancy?

Is shock lung a specific entity that occurs in critically ill patients or does it result from multiple problems such as over-hydration, cardiac failure, pneumonia, thrombotic and fat emboli, and many others?
Realizations for Determining the Energy Stored in Fractional-Order Operators

The purpose of this paper is to determine physical electrical circuits, in both impedance and admittance forms, that match fractional-order integrators and differentiators, namely 1/sq and sq. Then, using these idealized infinite-dimensional circuits, the energy storage and loss expressions for them are determined, carefully relating the associated infinite-dimensional state variables to physically meaningful quantities. The resulting realizations and energy expressions allow a variety of implementations for understanding the transient behavior of fractional-order systems.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Diffusion of Ag along Σ 3 grain boundaries in 3C-SiC

Ag defects in $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ grain boundary of SiC were analyzed to test the hypothesis that Ag release from tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles can occur through grain boundary diffusion. Although $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ grain boundaries cannot provide a connected path through the crystal, they are studied here to provide guidance for overall trends in grain boundary vs bulk Ag transport. Formation energies of Ag defects are found to be 2--4 eV lower in the grain boundaries than in the bulk, indicating a strong tendency for Ag to segregate to the grain boundaries. Diffusion of Ag along $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ was found to be dramatically faster than through the bulk. At ${1600}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$C, which is a temperature relevant for TRISO accident conditions, Ag diffusion coefficients are predicted to be $3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ m${}^{2}$/s and $3.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}29}$ m${}^{2}$/s in the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ grain boundary and bulk, respectively. While at this temperature $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ diffusion is still two orders of magnitude slower than diffusion estimated from integral release measurements, the values are close enough to suggest that grain boundary diffusion is a plausible mechanism for release of Ag from intact SiC coatings. The remaining discrepancies in the diffusion coefficients could be possibly bridged by considering high-energy grain boundaries, which are expected to have diffusivity faster than $\ensuremath{\Sigma}3$ and which provide a connected percolating path through polycrystalline SiC.
Is intraoperative frozen section analysis of reexcision specimens of value in preventing reoperation in breast-conserving therapy?

Objectives: A prior study at our institution showed a marked reduction in reoperation for margin reexcision following the development of an intraoperative frozen section evaluation of margins (FSM) practice on lumpectomy specimens from patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy (BCT). This study aimed to examine the frequency of FSM utilization, FSM pathology performance, and outcomes for BCT patients undergoing margin reexcision only. Methods: Consecutive reexcision-only specimens were reviewed from a 40-month period following the development of the FSM practice. Clinicopathologic features and patient outcomes were assessed. Results: FSM was performed in 46 (30.7%) of 150 reexcision-only operations. Of the 46 operations with FSM, there were 28 (60.9%) true-negative, 12 (26.1%) true-positive, six (13.0%) false-negative, and no false-positive cases. There was no difference in further reexcision, total operations, or conversion to mastectomy among patients with and without FSM. Need for further reexcision was significantly associated with tumor multifocality ( P = .008). Conclusions: Despite overall good pathology performance for FSM in reexcision-only specimens, use of FSM did not affect patient outcome. Rather, underlying disease biology appeared most significant in predicting whether adequate surgical margins could be attained.
Production of Toxic Substances in Young Cultures of Single Cell Strains of B. Paratyphosus B

It has been demonstrated by Ecker I and others, that young culture filtrates of B. paratyphosus of less than 24 hours' growth, contain soluble poisonous substances to which the rabbit, upon intravenous injection, is particularly sensitive. The toxicity of various culture filtrates of different strains is inconstant, and the purpose of the present study is to determine whether or not this phenomenon is exhibited by the components of a toxicogenic strain. Two strains of B. paratyphosus B were used. Both of these have been employed by one of us (Ecker 1). The filtrate of strain 180 caused considerable diarrhea in the rabbit, while the filtrate of strain 185 caused more severe symptoms, with convulsions and death. Five cells of each strain were isolated by a modified Barber single-cell pipet technic. The organisms were grown for 19 and 21 hours, respectively, in a 2% Witte peptone veal infusion broth containing 0.1% glucose and adjusted to PH 7. The Berkefeld N. filtrates of the single cell strains, either fresh or boiled for 3 minutes on the water-bath, were injected intravenously into rabbits. As controls, the original strains, as well as uninoculated broth, were employed in the same manner. The results are presented in tables 1 and 2.
Serologic Investigations in Narcotic Addicts: III. Latex Fixation, C-reactive Protein, “Monotest,” Serum Proteins, and SH Antigen

A change in admissions policy in an addict treatment center decreased the syphilis serology rate by more than half (23% to 9%). There was no change in the reaction rates of addicts’ sera in the C-reactive protein or the Wampole “Monotest, ” but there was a decline in the rates of latex fixation reactions. The reaction rates of addicts' sera in these tests were much greater than those of control patients. These nonspecific reactions did not correlate with each other, nor did they appear related to serum hypergammaglobulinemia. Serum hepatitis antigen was detected in the blood of about 2% of anicteric addicts. Its presence was associated with neither the nonspecific reactions previously mentioned, nor the hypergammaglobulinemia. Thus, the hypergammaglobulinemia of addicts and the nonspecific serologic reactivity do not have a simple direct relationship with persistent chronic active viral hepatitis. The serologic activity of addicts’ sera is irregular; this makes interpretation of tests of sera from these patients extremely difficult.
Ecosystem services and adaptation for agriculture and food security: analysis of two decades (1991–2011) of financing by the Global Environment Facility

Investing in global environmental and adaptation benefits in the context of agriculture and food security initiatives can play an important role in promoting sustainable intensification. This is a priority for the Global Environment Facility (GEF), created in 1992 with a mandate to serve as financial mechanism of several multilateral environmental agreements. To demonstrate the nature and extent of GEF financing, we conducted an assessment of the entire portfolio over a period of two decades (1991–2011) to identify projects with direct links to agriculture and food security. A cohort of 192 projects and programs were identified and used as a basis for analyzing trends in GEF financing. The projects and programs together accounted for a total GEF financing of US$1,086.8 million, and attracted an additional US$6,343.5 million from other sources. The value-added of GEF financing for ecosystem services and resilience in production systems was demonstrated through a diversity of interventions in the projects and programs that utilized US$810.6 million of the total financing. The interventions fall into the following four main categories in accordance with priorities of the GEF: sustainable land management (US$179.3 million), management of agrobiodiversity (US$113.4 million), sustainable fisheries and water resource management (US$379.8 million), and climate change adaptation (US$138.1 million). By aligning GEF priorities with global aspirations for sustainable intensification of production systems, the study shows that it is possible to help developing countries tackle food insecurity while generating global environmental benefits for a healthy and resilient planet. Keywords: ecosystem services, climate change adaptation, agrobiodiversity, sustainable intensification, sustainable land management, water resources management
How reference and information service is studied: Research approaches and methods

Abstract There is a need for a robust research base for reference and information service (RIS), both for scholarship in the field and for effective decision-making in practice. While a number of studies have been conducted about the research of library and information science (LIS) in general, no analysis has been conducted on RIS research. Focusing specifically on research approach and methods, this study analyzes the journal literature for the decade 2000 to 2009. Of the 24% of papers that were research studies, most were quantitative descriptions of data. Qualitative approaches were rarely used. The results suggest that RIS is being studied from a limited perspective and could benefit from a greater diversity of approaches and methods.
New Classification System of Marine Green Algae of China

Based on research materials and the literatures,a new classification system of marine red algae of China was organized and perfected,and the distribution characteristics of each species were elaborated.There were 2classes,16 orders,46families,216 genera and 845 species and varieties belonging to the marine Rhodophyta of China.The number of species distributed in three floristic regions of Chinese seaweed is 190 species in Huang Bohai,134 species in East China Sea and 702 species in South China Sea,respectively.As four sub-floristic regions,there were 190 species in the west of Yellow Sea,134 species in the south of East China Sea,246 species in the north of South China Sea,and 576 species in the south of South China Sea,respectively.
Retrograde Nephrostomy Tube Placement During Open Surgical Procedures Requiring Urinary Diversion

AbstractA new nephrostomy tube has been designed that allows for atraumatic passage by a stylet from inside the renal pelvis through the renal cortex The technique for safe insertion is described.
Aspects of neuroradiology of head injury.

Imaging in patients with head injury has undergone dramatic evolution during this century. This article reviews the various modalities available for imaging, with emphasis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The merits of these modalities are discussed, with correlation of the images to clinical and pathologic presentation.
Institutional Imperialism and the Sick Poor in Late-Eighteenth-Century Philadelphia: The House of Employment Vs. The Pennsylvania Hospital

'HE terms historians use to describe the ideals that shaped public -L poor relief in eighteenth-century America have undergone a significant change within the last decade. In place of what was the standard view that humanitarian concern guided early welfare activi ties, one is now more likely to be told that a desire to control the poor and to do it at a low cost significantly influenced public philanthropy. Of course, few analysts say there was no humanitarian concern for the poor in this early period. Rather, the point is made that praise of humanitari anism must be tempered by the realization that a desire for social control and economy marched hand in hand with a humanitarian concern to aid the needy.1 As we seek to understand the motives behind poor relief, and especially the motives that influenced how it was managed, it is important to stress that, at times, such general interests as humanitari anism, social control, or economy mattered less than concerns about pride. The institutional skirmishing that occurred in the 1790s between two Philadelphia institutions, the Pennsylvania Hospital and the House of Employment, offers an example of how pride and jealousy rather than humanitarianism, social control, or economy could influence poor relief. This case also illustrates that, when questions of personal and institutional pride surfaced, poor people could become mere pawns in a game of bureaucratic infighting. The Pennsylvania Hospital and the House of Employment were founded for different, yet related, goals. The Hospital was chartered in
Functional Neuroimaging with PET and SPECT in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a review on the historical background, the basics of instrumentation, and relevant radiopharmaceuticals, followed by a discussion of the utility of position emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in the presurgical evaluation of patients with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Interictal FDG-PET imaging has been most useful in diagnosing TLE. A statistically significant correlation has been noted between TL hypometabolism and neuropsychological profiles, especially left-temporal hypometabolism with verbal IQ and verbal memory deficits. It is found that during an ictus approximately three to fourfold focal increase in blood flow has been noted with quantitative Xe-133 techniques. A sequence of spatiotemporal blood flow alterations has been clearly defined in TLE, in the ictal, peri-ictal, and postictal state. The sensitivity and accuracy of ictal SPECT is closely related to the elapsed time from the ictus to the injection of tracer. It is found that ictal SPECT was superior to interictal FDG-PET in lateralizing TLE, particularly when MRI was nonlesional. It is found that a significant correlation exist between reduced cBZR binding and neuronal density of resected hippocampi.
Workforce planning and development in times of delivery system transformation

As implementation of the US Affordable Care Act (ACA) advances, many domestic health systems are considering major changes in how the healthcare workforce is organized. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamic processes and interactions by which workforce planning and development (WFPD) is evolving in this new environment. Informed by the theory of loosely coupled systems (LCS), we use a case study design to examine how workforce changes are being managed in Kaiser Permanente and Montefiore Health System. We conducted site visits with in-depth interviews with 8 to 10 stakeholders in each organization. Both systems demonstrate a concern for the impact of change on their workforce and have made commitments to avoid outsourcing and layoffs. Central workforce planning mechanisms have been replaced with strategies to integrate various stakeholders and units in alignment with strategic growth plans. Features of this new approach include early and continuous engagement of labor in innovation; the development of intermediary sense-making structures to garner resources, facilitate plans, and build consensus; and a whole system perspective, rather than a focus on single professions. We also identify seven principles underlying the WFPD processes in these two cases that can aid in development of a new and more adaptive workforce strategy in healthcare. Since passage of the ACA, healthcare systems are becoming larger and more complex. Insights from these case studies suggest that while organizational history and structure determined different areas of emphasis, our results indicate that large-scale system transformations in healthcare can be managed in ways that enhance the skills and capacities of the workforce. Our findings merit attention, not just by healthcare administrators and union leaders, but by policymakers and scholars interested in making WFPD policies at a state and national level more responsive.
Constraint-Based, Transductive Learning for Distributed Ensemble Classification

We consider ensemble classification when there is no common labeled data for designing the function which aggregates classifier decisions. In recent work, we dubbed this problem distributed ensemble classification, addressing e.g. when local classifiers are trained on different (e.g. proprietary, legacy) databases or operate on different sensing modalities. Typically, fixed (untrained) rules of classifier combination such as voting methods are used in this case. However, these may perform poorly, especially when the local class priors, used in training, differ from the true (test batch) priors. Alternatively, we proposed a transductive strategy, optimizing the combining rule for an objective function measured on the test batch. We proposed both maximum likelihood (ML) and information-theoretic (IT) objectives and found that IT achieved superior performance. Here, we identify that the fundamental advantage of the IT method is its ability to properly account for statistical redundancy in the ensemble. We also develop an extension of IT that improves its performance. Experiments are conducted on the UC Irvine machine learning repository.
Genotype Rankings for Nutrient Stress Resistance are Unrelated to Stress Severity in Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abiotic stress limits crop productivity worldwide, making stress-resistant crops a major goal for improving food security. Stress resistance is often assessed by comparing genotypes under a single control and stressed level of an abiotic factor, then ranking the genotypes’ overall performance, using a metric like geometric mean productivity (GMP). However, abiotic stress is rarely a presence/absence phenomenon, but often varies continuously. Here, we tested whether the common practice of assessing performance using a single control and stress level is predictive of performance across a range of stress levels. Twelve sunflower genotypes were grown in the greenhouse under one of eight nutrient levels (from non-limiting to severely limiting) and assessed for performance (shoot dry mass at the budding stage) and related traits at both seedling and budding stages. Contrary to expectations, genotype rankings for GMP were consistent regardless of the two nutrient levels used to calculate GMP. This suggests that, for nutrient stress in sunflower, studies using an arbitrary control and stress level are broadly representative: genotypes with high GMP exhibit high GMP regardless of the nutrient levels used. In addition, GMP values were highly correlated with performance in the respective nutrient levels from which they were calculated; thus, higher GMP for a given genotype indicates that it performed well (relative to other genotypes) under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Together, these findings strongly support the current paradigm of comparing genotypes at a single control and stress level as a valid strategy for screening for nutrient stress resistance in sunflower. However, few traits were consistently associated with performance (shoot dry mass) at either high- or low-nutrient availability, and seedling traits were rarely predictive of budding-stage traits and performance, suggesting further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms underlying nutrient stress resistance in this important oilseed crop.
Interpretation of radar returns from sea ice

The heterogeneous nature of the sea ice surface with respect to topography and reflectivity characteristics poses serious problems in interpreting radar returns to the precision needed for modern transportation over the polar ice pack. The physical properties of sea ice are discussed. A swept frequency technique is used to determine the electromagnetic properties of 3.5\permil salinity sea ice in the frequency band from 26.5 to 40.0 GHz. Lack of influence by liquid brine is noted in the real part of the complex permittivity at temperatures below -7\deg C; a marked change in dielectric loss is noted with change in the orientation of the liquid brine inclusions in sea ice with respect to the millimeter wave electric field
The peopling of eastern Beringia and its archaeological complexities

Debates over meaningful archaeological units, typologies, or “technocomplexes” have a lengthy history in archaeology and the issue is particularly convoluted in eastern Beringia. Categorizing the early prehistoric tool industries of the Pleistocene/Holocene transition is pertinent to understanding the colonization of eastern Beringia and ultimately the Americas. Yet, Alaska archaeologists continue to disagree on a unified culture history. The primary point of contention surrounds the presence or absence of microblade technology in central Alaska and the meaning of the Nenana and Denali complexes. While some interpret the former as a unique manifestation representing a separate migratory population, others disagree; and, the Denali complex has become a catchall category for a variety of artifact types leading to questions over its conceptual validity. This assessment tests specific questions pertinent to the relationship between prehistoric tool use and ecotones in an attempt to explain the presence or absence of particular artifact types and land use strategies through time. It also reflects on issues caused by repeated occupations, palimpsest assemblages, and other taphomonic processes that influence archaeological consensus. Results indicate separate phases in the initial colonization of Alaska and form a testable hypothesis based on functional land use properties associated with the Denali complex era in a way that distinguishes it from other early technologies in the region. The approach contributes to a longstanding discussion over subjectivity among archaeological categories and explains assemblage variability in eastern Beringia with widespread implications for interpreting the initial peopling of the Americas.
Evaluation of utility-privacy trade-offs of data manipulation techniques for smart metering

Nowadays, smart meters are capable of collecting, processing, storing, and reporting users' energy consumption data with high fidelity. While facilitating a wide variety of applications such as demand response and anomaly detection, smart meter data exposes users to the risks of revealing sensitive information including occupancy states and activity patterns. Among privacy-preserving data collection methods for smart metering, data manipulation techniques can easily be implemented in smart meters and do not require installation of batteries. However, the trade-offs between data utility and privacy leakage supported by these techniques are not fully explored. In this work, we identify appliance-level utility as well as privacy metrics and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of two data manipulation techniques: down-sampling and noise addition. Furthermore, we combine the two techniques and evaluate the levels of appliance-specific information leakage supported under miscellaneous configurations. Using publicly available data set, we show that data manipulation techniques can provide coarse-grained protection of users' privacy while enabling applications requiring appliance-level information such as fault detection. Our evaluation reveals the limitations of these data manipulation techniques, which can help users determine whether investments on more advanced solutions such as battery-based load hiding are necessary.
Weak PING Rhythms

In the PING model of Chapter 30, each E-cell and each I-cell fires once on each cycle of the oscillation.
Knowledge as a Service at the Point of Care

An electronic health record (EHR) can assist the delivery of high-quality patient care, in part by providing the capability for a broad range of clinical decision support, including contextual references (e.g., Infobuttons), alerts and reminders, order sets, and dashboards. All of these decision support tools are based on clinical knowledge; unfortunately, the mechanisms for managing rules, order sets, Infobuttons, and dashboards are often unrelated, making it difficult to coordinate the application of clinical knowledge to various components of the clinical workflow. Additional complexity is encountered when updating enterprise-wide knowledge bases and delivering the content through multiple modalities to different consumers. We present the experience of Mayo Clinic as a case study to examine the requirements and implementation challenges related to knowledge management across a large, multi-site medical center. The lessons learned through the development of our knowledge management and delivery platform will help inform the future development of interoperable knowledge resources.
Efficacy of standard dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in morbidly obese and non-morbidly obese critically Ill patients

To determine the efficacy of standard dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in critically ill morbidly obese patients. Retrospective single-center observational cohort study in a single tertiary teaching hospital intensive care units (ICUs) in Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II Clinical Database. Patients 18 years or older, admitted to the ICU, and received either UFH 5000 units subcutaneously twice daily or UFH 5000 units three times daily for VTE prophylaxis between 2001 and 2008 were included. Total 243 patients in the BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 group and 2813 patients in the BMI < 40 kg/m2 group were identified. There was no difference in VTE incidence between the two groups. However, a strong linear association was found showing as BMI increased so did the rate of VTE incidence. Morbidly obese patients had longer hospital (17 vs. 14 days, P = 0.016) and ICU length of stay (10 vs. 8 days, P = 0.007). After controlling Padua score, logistic regression analysis revealed the odds of VTE increased by a factor of 1.026 for each one-unit increase in BMI. Additionally, having a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 was associated with a greater likelihood of VTE incidence in males (OR 3.92) but not in females. In patients treated with standard dose UFH, morbid obesity does not increase VTE risk overall. However, BMI has a strong linear relationship with VTE incidence and morbid obesity is more likely associated with greater hospital and ICU length of stay.
HumorHawk at SemEval-2017 Task 6: Mixing Meaning and Sound for Humor Recognition.

This paper describes the winning system for SemEval-2017 Task 6: #HashtagWars: Learning a Sense of Humor. Humor detection has up until now been predominantly addressed using feature-based approaches. Our system utilizes recurrent deep learning methods with dense embeddings to predict humorous tweets from the @midnight show #HashtagWars. In order to include both meaning and sound in the analysis, GloVe embeddings are combined with a novel phonetic representation to serve as input to an LSTM component. The output is combined with a character-based CNN model, and an XGBoost component in an ensemble model which achieves 0.675 accuracy on the evaluation data.
A revision of the Paracanthocobitis zonalternans (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) species complex with descriptions of three new species

The Paracanthocobitis zonalternans species complex is revised based on analysis of morphological and molecular data. Three new species, P. nigrolineata, P. marmorata, and P. triangula are described, and P. phuketensis is removed from synonymy. All species are described morphologically, geographic ranges are delimited, and relationships are discussed for those for which molecular data ( cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 - COI ) are available. In view of the morphological similarities of some of the species, a surprising result of this study was the moderately large genetic distances among species. Uncorrected COI p-distances between geographic clades of P . zonalternans ranged from 7.6–9.3%, suggesting that the species are reproductively isolated from one another even though morphological changes are minor. Paracanthocobitis phuketensis, distributed in several rivers draining to the Gulf of Thailand and to the Andaman Sea, shows considerable intraspecific variation that should be explored in detail for historical and ecological explanations. Cobitis chlorosoma McClelland, 1839 from Assam, India, is a synonym of P. botia , not P. zonalternans.
Point defect hardening of aluminum—I

Abstract Aluminum single crystals of 99.999% initial purity were irradiated at 23°K or below with 1.0 MeV electrons to a total dosage of 0.5 ~ 10 × 1016e/cm2. Stress-strain curves of irradiated crystals were drastically different from those of annealed crystals. Yield stress was increased by a factor of about eight by irradiation to a total dosage of 1017 e/cm2. Extention of easy glide was greatly prolonged and slip lines of crystals were coarsened by the irradiation. No appreciable change in the work hardening rate in the easy glide region was found. A sharp yield point was not observed and the transition from elastic to plastic behavior was gradual in all cases following the irradiation. The increase in the yield stress, δτ, was found to exhibit a square-root dependence on the defect concentration, c; namely, δ τ ≅ G c 1 2 , where G was the shear modulus. Under the present experimental conditions, only dispersed interstitials and vacancies were introduced by the irradiation. Several mechanisms of hardening were examined on the basis of the observed effects. Since dispersed vacancies were known to produce little hardening, the present observations were concluded to be due to the dispersed interstitials. At present, no theory is capable of explaining the observations quantitatively. The theories based on the dispersed barrier model appeared to be the most favorable, as they predicted the square-root dependence of δτ on the defect range concentration in the most convincing manner.
1 – The Role of Gender in Neonatology

This chapter discusses the role of gender in the field of neonatology. Numerous embryologic, physiologic, epidemiologic and anthropologic observations in humans, laboratory studies, and field observations in animals have bolstered evidence that the differences between male and female infants exist during the perinatal period (fetal and neonatal). In the fetal and neonatal periods as well as during infancy, males and females differ in at least three fundamental respects. First, males are more numerous, and their numeric superiority appears at conception or shortly thereafter. Second, males are larger than females and have higher metabolic rates. This difference is also apparent from very early fetal life, from the blastocyst stage, when the increased cell number and metabolism in males may, in fact, influence phenotypic sexual expression. Third, males have a higher mortality rate than females, are more susceptible to diseases of infancy, and suffer disproportionately from the long-term consequences. This has been termed the “male disadvantage.” Each of these three major differences appears to involve the interplay of genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and, perhaps, evolutionary influences that are not yet well understood. The chapter also discusses different aspects of sex ratio during a fetal life and gender differences in fetal neonatal growth.
Second-Order Lower Bounds

Although second-order logic is very powerful, when we restrict second-order quantifiers to monadic relations, we can prove some strong lower bounds using Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games.
How Risky Are One-Shot Cross-Sectional Assessments of Undergraduate Students?

The purpose of this study was to explore the extent of possible input bias associated with the rapidly growing use by colleges and universities of one-time cross-sectional assessments of students. The results presented in this study demonstrate that cross-sectional assessments of enrolled college students are very difficult to interpret because they inevitably reflect characteristics of the same students when they first entered college. For those forms of engagement that have to do with how students allocate their time, it appears that the majority of variation among institutions is attributable to entering freshman characteristics rather than to institutional policies or practices. Thus, rather than relying solely on student outcome data, institutions should ideally also collect pretest or input information from the same students when they first matriculate.
Predicting others’ knowledge: Knowledge estimation as cue utilization

Predicting what others know is vital to countless social and educational interactions. For example, the ability of teachers to accurately estimate what knowledge students have has been identified as a crucial component of effective teaching. I propose the knowledge estimation as cue-utilization framework, in which judges use a variety of available and salient metacognitive cues to estimate what others know. In three experiments, I tested three hypotheses of this framework: namely, that participants do not automatically ground estimates of others' knowledge in their own knowledge, that judgment conditions shift how participants weight different cues, and that participants differentially weight cues based upon their diagnosticity. Predictions of others' knowledge were dynamically generated by judges who weighed a variety of available and salient cues. Just as the accuracy of metacognitive monitoring of one's own learning depends upon the conditions under which judgments of self are elicited, the bases and accuracy of metacognitive judgments for others depends upon the conditions under which they are elicited.
Solid electrolyte interphases for high-energy aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells

Electrochemical cells based on aluminum (Al) are of long-standing interest because Al is earth abundant, low cost, and chemically inert. The trivalent Al 3+ ions also offer among the highest volume-specific charge storage capacities (8040 mAh cm −3 ), approximately four times larger than achievable for Li metal anodes. Rapid and irreversible formation of a high-electrical bandgap passivating Al 2 O 3 oxide film on Al have, to date, frustrated all efforts to create aqueous Al-based electrochemical cells with high reversibility. Here, we investigate the interphases formed on metallic Al in contact with ionic liquid (IL)–eutectic electrolytes and find that artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs) formed spontaneously on the metal permanently transform its interfacial chemistry. The resultant IL-ASEIs are further shown to enable aqueous Al electrochemical cells with unprecedented reversibility. As an illustration of the potential benefits of these interphases, we create simple Al||MnO 2 aqueous cells and report that they provide high specific energy (approximately 500 Wh/kg, based on MnO 2 mass in the cathode) and intrinsic safety features required for applications.
Metal concentrations in electronic cigarette aerosol: Effect of open-system and closed-system devices and power settings.

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) generate aerosol containing metal contaminants. Our goals were to quantify aerosol metal concentrations and to compare the effects of power setting and device type (closed-system vs. open-system) on metal release. Methods Aerosol samples were collected from two closed-system devices (a cigalike and pod) and two open-system devices (mods). Each open-system device was operated at three different power settings to examine the effect of device power on metal release. Concentrations of 14 metals in e-cigarette aerosol collected via droplet deposition were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Aerosol metal concentrations were reported as mass fractions (μg/kg) in the e-liquid. Results For open-system device 1 (OD1), median arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations increased 14, 54, 17, 30, 41, 96, 14, 81, 631, and 7-fold when the device power was increased from low (20 W) to intermediate (40 W) setting. When the power was further increased from intermediate (40 W) to high (80 W) setting, concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Sb did not change significantly. For open-system device 2 (OD2), Cr and Mn concentrations increased significantly when device power was increased from low (40 W) to intermediate (120 W) setting, and then decreased significantly when power was further increased from intermediate (120 W) to high (200 W) setting. Among the four devices, aerosol metal concentrations were higher for the open-system than the closed-system devices, except for aluminum (Al) and uranium (U). For Cr, median (interquartile range) concentrations (μg/kg) from the open-system devices were 2.51 (1.55, 4.23) and 15.6 (7.88, 54.5) vs. 0.39 (0.05, 0.72) and 0.41 (0.34, 0.57) for the closed-system devices. For Ni, concentrations (μg/kg) from the open-system devices were 793 (508, 1169) and 2148 (851, 3397) vs. 1.32 (0.39, 3.35) and 11.9 (10.7, 22.7) from the closed-system devices. Inhalation of 0% and 100% of samples from OD1, 7.4% and 88.9% from OD2 by typical e-cigarette users would exceed chronic minimum risk levels (MRL) of Mn and Ni, respectively. No MRL exceedance was predicted for the closed-system devices. A large fraction of users of OD1 (100%) and OD2 (77.8%) would be exposed to Ni levels higher than those from reference tobacco cigarette 3R4F. Conclusions Our findings suggest that power setting and device type affect metal release from devices to aerosol which would subsequently be inhaled by users. Metal concentrations from open-system devices first increased with device power, and then leveled off for most metals. Open-system devices generate aerosol with higher metal concentrations than closed-system devices. These findings inform tobacco regulatory science, policy makers and health professionals on potential metal health risks associated with e-cigarette use, design and manufacturing.
Abstract WP391: You Can Make Them an Appointment, But You Can’t Make Them Show: A 3-year Review of a Stroke Clinic Process Evolution

Background: Stroke patients are at a significant risk of inconsistent care and adverse events after discharge from the hospital. Follow-up contact has been thought to facilitate continuity and comp...
Motivation Regulation among Black Women Triathletes

There is a paucity of information on motivation among U.S. minority triathletes. This study aimed to understand the extrinsic motivation and regulators of Black women triathletes using a modified version of the valid Motivations of Marathoners Scale and semi-structured interviews, for triathletes. The Self Determination Theory guided the dual method assessment of the extrinsic motivators and the regulators external, introjection, and integrated. Using MANOVA, data from (N = 121) triathletes were compared across participant categories of age, body mass index, and distance. Results showed a significant age difference with younger women displaying more motivation. Descriptive means indicated integration as the greatest regulator of motivation. The statements ‘to compete with myself’ and ‘to be more fit,’ had the highest means among the women. A sub-sample of 12 interviews were conducted revealing 16 extrinsic themes. Six were related to the regulator integration and two unexpectantly related to the regulator, identified. Integrated themes, including coping mechanisms, finishing course, improvement, accomplishment, and physical awareness were most represented. This research fills gaps of understanding extrinsic motivation and the regulators of a group not previously explored. Future research on motivation among triathletes may benefit knowing how motivations are regulated, as to promote personalized training and participation.
Biochar based seed shelling with organic fertilizer for tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)

Due to the production and exportation of agricultural and processed products there would be an increase of organic and synthetic waste. The researchers aim to lessen the bio waste by finding a way to reuse the waste. Biochar was one of the solutions to this as it can be made from burning dead plant matter using the process of pyrolysis. The researchers developed 4 variables three being independent and 1 being the control. The experiment lasted a total of twenty six days. After the researchers analyzed the data it was shown that the setup using biochar and organic fertilizer was the most promising out of the 4 groups as the total amount of seeds germinated was 16, then the soil was the healthiest being measured by acidity. With the data gathered there is an observable synergy between biochar and organic fertilizer (Apple based compost). Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the soil acidity at α = 0.05, there was not enough evidence to support the claim that there is no significant increase in the acidity of the soil, for biochar group & the biochar with organic fertilizer (apple peel compost). In the other hand the biochar mixed with chemical fertilizer (Nitrate base) had shown a significant increase in its soil acidity.