cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Blends of Herbivore-Induced Volatile Organic Compounds With Factor Analysis: Revisiting “Cotton Plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., Defense in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization”

ABSTRACT Many herbivorous, predaceous, and parasitic insects use constitutive and herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to locate their respective host plant, prey, and hosts. Multivariate statistical tools (e.g., factor analysis) are recognized increasingly as an appropriate approach for analyzing intercorrelated data such as presence/absence or quantities of VOCs. One challenge of implementing factor analysis is determining how many new variables (factors) to retain in the final analysis. I demonstrate a method proposed by Johnson and Wichern to mitigate this problem by using VOC data published in Chen et al. The advantage of using loading (or weight) transformation in interpretation of new variables was also illustrated in the example. Factor analysis found similar nitrogen fertilization effects on VOC production as those in Chen et al. Similarities were 1) nitrogen fertilization interacted with herbivore damage status on VOC production: at low nitrogen (42 ppm) level, beet armyworm, Spod...
Prognostic Value of Dobutamine Stress Myocardial Contrast Perfusion Echocardiography

Background— Myocardial perfusion (MP) imaging with real-time contrast echocardiography (RTCE) improves the sensitivity of dobutamine stress echocardiography for detecting coronary artery disease. Its prognostic value is unknown. We sought to determine the value of MP and wall motion (WM) analysis during dobutamine stress echocardiography in predicting the outcome of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Methods and Results— We retrospectively studied 788 patients with RTCE during dobutamine stress echocardiography using intravenous commercially available contrast agents. The incremental prognostic value of MP imaging over clinical risk factors and other echocardiographic data was examined through the use of a log-likelihood test (Cox model). During a median follow-up of 20 months, 75 events (9.6%) occurred (58 deaths, 17 nonfatal myocardial infarctions). Abnormal MP had significant incremental value over clinical factors, resting ejection fraction, and WM responses in predicting events...
Catheter related bloodstream infection following PICC removal in preterm infants.

Describe the incidence of catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI), following removal of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) in preterm infants. A retrospective cohort study of infants <29 weeks gestational age with a PICC revealed 101 PICCs placed (2159 PICC days). Patients were hospitalized in a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) between January 2002 and December 2003. χ2 analysis was performed. One infection was detected after the removal of a PICC (1 per 202 days). Ten infants had a CRBSI attributed to a PICC (1 per 216 PICC days). CRBSI during indwelling PICC was associated with increased risk for sepsis evaluation after PICC removal (P<0.05). The incidence of CRBSI in the 48 h following PICC removal was not different than the incidence of CRBSI while a PICC was in-dwelling. There was no evidence from this study to support antibacterial prophylaxis before PICC removal.
Coupled‐channel study of rotational excitation of an electronically excited diatomic molecule by atom impact: He(1S)+H2 (B 1Σ+u)

Rotational energy transfer cross sections have been computed in the rigid rotor model, for the energy range 0.015–0.150 eV, using an analytic fit to ab initio interaction energies determined by others and the authors with large basis set CI approaches. Long‐range interactions are described by a multipole expansion. The potential energy surface is highly anisotropic and leads to integral inelastic cross sections, typically larger than those involving ground state systems, in fair agreement with results obtained using a previously determined fit.
Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of [Me4N]3{[(SCH2CH2S)MoS3]2Fe}, the first example of a heteronuclear trimer containing molybdenum in a square-pyramidal geometry

Reaction of a mixture of (NH4)2MoS4 disodium ethane-1,2-dithiolate in dimethylformamide-MeCN with a methanolic solution of anhydrous FeCl3, followed by the addition of Me4NBr, gives the trinuclear complex [Me4N]3{[(SCH2CH2S)MoS3]2Fe}, an X-ray crystal structure of which shows the molybdenum atoms to have distorted square-pyramidal geometry and the iron atom to be tetrahedrally co-ordinated to four µ-sulphido-ligands.
Weighted linearization technique for period approximation in large amplitude non-linear oscillations

Abstract Period approximations for conservative, one-dimensional, non-linear oscillating systems are considered. The approximation technique used is linearization of the non-linear restoring function governing the system. While in previous papers the best period approximations in the small amplitude limit have been discussed, the best large amplitude results are investigated herein, with use of linearization based on weight functions of the power type. The non-linear functions examined here are odd polynomials, sine, hyperbolic sine, tangent, and hyperbolic tangent.
Evaluation of nitroxides for the study of myocardial metabolism and oxygenation

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at the L-band (1.2 GHz) was used to investigate the redox metabolism and oxygenation within ischemic rat hearts loaded with a variety of six- and five-membered carbocyclic nitroxide spin labels. Both cardiopleged and non-cardiopleged hearts were studied at room temperature and at physiological temperatures. The results indicate that nitroxides that have greater intracellular partitioning are reduced faster than those that are extracellular. In addition, the six-membered rings are metabolized much faster than the five-membered rings. Increased nitroxide radical metabolism was observed in non-cardiopleged compared with cardiopleged hearts. The oxygen utilization in the ischemic hearts was studied by using the oxygen-dependent broadening of the nitroxide signals that occurs due to Heisenberg spin exchange. These structurally different nitroxides were evaluated for their sensitivity and suitability as probes of myocardial redox metabolism and oxygenation in the heart.
Better: Getting Our Cht Together

‘‘Lend me your ear and I’ll sing you a tune.it’s getting better all the time.’’ (The Beatles 1967 from Sargent Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band album) The theme I will be discussing today is how to combine both education and information from research to improve our practice as Certified Hand Therapists (CHTs). How can we facilitate the best functional recovery for our patients by maximizing the use of appropriate and effective treatments? I have invited the members of the American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) Educational Council and Research Division to be with me on the lecture stage with me, as they will be a critical mass to help move this charge forward for our members. They have contributed comments that I will be sharing with you throughout this Nathalie Barr Lecture. ‘‘Challenge yourself beyond what is needed for recertification (as a CHT)’’ (Jane Fedorczyk, PT, PhD, CHT, Educational Council Member) This statement frames the title of my talk today. Challenge yourself, move forward, and be better (at what we do for our patients). Although my examples will be different, the themes of ingenuity, diligence, and doing right are similar to those presented in Dr. Atul Gawande’s book, ‘‘Better: A Surgeons Notes on Performance’’.
The corpus callosum is a critical factor for developing maximum visual acuity

Abstract In neonatal corpus callosum sectioned cats, visual acuity improves gradually as normally occurs; however, the threshold level is always 40% less than that of the same-aged normal cat. Therefore, the corpus callosum provides an increase in acuity levels throughout development by enhancing the resolving ability of the unilateral retino-geniculo-cortical pathway.
The thermal regime of the San Juan basin since late cretaceous times and its relationship to San Juan mountains thermal sources

Abstract Heat-flow and coal-maturation data suggest that the thermal history of the San Juan Basin has been influenced by magmatic and volcanic activity in the San Juan Mountains-San Juan volcanic field located to the north of the Basin. Time-dependent isothermal step models indicate that the observed heat flow may be modelled by a (near) steadystate isothermal step extending from 30–98 km depth whose edge underlies the northern San Juan Basin. The observed maturation levels of the Fruitland formation coals in the northern and central Basin, however, require more heat than can be associated with conduction from a deep thermal source (steady-state step) and from the shallow crustal batholith which underlies the San Juan volcanic field. Magmatic activity within the Basin does not appear to be a reasonable source of additional heat. Increased burial depths of the coals may explain some of the elevated maturation levels observed in the central and northern Basin, but it seems likely that an additional source of heat is still required. Heat advection by groundwater movement may have influenced the coal maturation levels in the Basin as well. Both magmatic activity associated with the emplacement of the San Juan batholith and elevated geothermal gradients associated with the steady-state thermal source at depth may have contributed to heating of the groundwater. An appreciation of heat advection by groundwater flow may therefore be most important to understanding regional patterns of heat flow and hydrocarbon maturation.
Application of the Reciprocity Theorem to Analyze Ultrasound Generated by High-Intensity Surface Heating of Elastic Bodies

The global reciprocity theorem for thermo-anisotropic elastodynamics, which relates body forces, surface tractions, displacements, temperatures and strains of two solutions of the field equations, states A and B, by integrals over a volume V and its bounding surface S, is derived and discussed in this article. The difference between various anisotropies enters via the stress-temperature tensor, which is different for different cases of anisotropy. The reciprocity theorem is used to analyze the dynamic response to high-intensity heating of a small surface region. The particular example of line-focused laser-beam irradiation of one side of a homogeneous elastic plate is worked out in some detail. For the time-harmonic case, the amplitude of the lowest anti-symmetric mode is obtained in a simple and elegant manner by application of the reciprocity theorem, where the desired mode is state A and state B is taken as a free anti-symmetric mode. The amplitude of any anti-symmetric or symmetric mode can be obtaine...
The Effect of Device Advisories on Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Therapy

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators have been shown to improve survival by terminating life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias. As the devices have become more complex, there has been an increase in the incidence of device and lead malfunction. The device manufacturers issue advisories and recalls to alert physicians of the potential for malfunction. When patients are faced with a recalled device or lead, the initial question is whether or not to replace it. A rational approach to evaluating these patients and the associated advisory can help gauge the competing risks of elective device removal or extraction versus keeping the device in place. It is important to keep in mind that the risks of replacing devices or extracting leads are not insignificant and may outweigh the risks of death from malfunction. Despite the increasing number of advisories and attention to device and lead failure, the overall reliability and efficacy of these devices for appropriate patients remains high. In general, patients should be counseled prior to implant of the potential for device and lead malfunction, and careful consideration must be employed when decisions are made to replace generators or extract leads.
Improvements to vehicular traffic segmentation and classification for emissions estimation using networked traffic surveillance cameras

The goal of this intelligent transportation systems work is to improve the understanding of the impact of carbon emissions caused by vehicular traffic on highway systems. In order to achieve this goal, this work implements a pipeline for vehicle segmentation, feature extraction, and classification using the existing Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) infrastructure on networked traffic cameras. The VDOT traffic video is analyzed for vehicle detection and segmentation using an adaptive Gaussian mixture model algorithm. The morphological properties and histogram of oriented features are derived from the detected and segmented vehicles. Finally, vehicle classification is performed using a multiclass support vector machine classifier. The resulting classification scheme offers an average classification rate of 86% under good quality segmentation. The segmented vehicle and classification data can be used to obtain estimation of carbon emissions.
What Curriculum Could Be: Utopian Dreams amidst a Dystopian Reality.

“Curriculum” is one of those contested educational concepts that everyone uses, but almost no one agrees upon a definition (Jackson 1992). Scholars in curriculum studies have been fighting about it...
Short wave infrared imaging spectrometer with simultaneous thermal imaging

A computed tomographic imaging spectrometer (CTIS) has been developed to allow simultaneous shortwave infrared (SWIR: 1-1.4 μm) spectral imaging and mid-wave infrared (MWIR: 3-5 μm) thermal imaging. The instrument utilizes a mechanically cooled indium antimonide focal plane array which is optically coupled using an Offner relay to a state-of the-art two-dimensional grating. The grating is a computer-generated hologram design fabricated by electron-beam lithography on a convex substrate. The system performs shapshot capture of the spatial and spectral information in a scene, enabling transient events to be characterized. The shortwave spectral information in the higher diffraction orders was reconstructed using existing expectation maximization methodologies while a co-registered thermal image from the zerothorder was analyzed. A co-registered contour map of the shortwave information was displayed superimposed on the thermal image and processed for accurate retrieval of scene knowledge. Spectral accuracy and radiometric test and evaluation results such as noise equivalence temperature difference (NEDT) and minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) are presented for this new spectral imager and a general explanation is given for the theory of its tomographic operation.
The Effects of Token Representation on Participation in Small Decision-Making Groups

This research attempts to directly test Rosabeth Kanter's hypothesis that a numerical minority in an unbalanced sex ratio group will be inhibited in its performance in the group. The staff meetings of counseling agencies with different sex compositions were analyzed in terms of the contributions of male and female members to the group process. Three sex ratio situations were examined: male predominant groups, female predominant groups and sex ratio balanced groups. The results confirm the Kanter hypothesis for both males and females in numerical minority situations. However, the phenomenon appears most pronounced for females in male predominant groups. The author suggests some possible reasons for these results, as well as implications for the participation of women in efforts to increase industrial and economic democracy.
Western fertility in mid-transition: fertility and nuptiality in the United States and selected nations at the turn of the century.

The demographic transition in Western nations did not take place in a uniform manner. Particular exceptions were the United States and France. New data sources and recent developments in estimation techniques have made possible estimates of age-specific overall and marital fertility rates for the United States at the turn of the century. Both the two census parity-increment method and own-children methods were applied to the public use sample of the 1900 census and to the special sample of the 1910 census taken and analyzed in conjunction with the 1940 census. New estimates of age-specific fertility were made for the periods 1900-1910 and 1905-1910 for the whole United States and for whites, native whites, foreign-born whites, and blacks. Notable was the low maritalfertility among young American women (that is, those aged 20-29). Comparisons to datafor selected European countries from this period suggest that this was uncommon, except in France. Measures offemale nuptiality also reveal that the United Sta...
Micro-Raman spectroscopic imaging of He + -irradiation changes in LiNbO 3

We use micro-Raman spectroscopy to image ion-induced changes in LiNbO 3 during ∼MeV He+-irradiation and show high modal-intensity contrast across an implant-patterned surface. Striking image changes in implant regions after annealing are demonstrated.
Infantile Chaotic Atrial Tachycardia: Association with Viral Infections

Infantile chaotic atrial tachycardia is a rare, usually self-limited arrhythmia that is frequently resistant to conventional antiarrhythmic therapy. In contrast to other arrhythmias in the pediatric population, a pathophvsiologic substrate has not been identified. Four infants who developed chaotic atrial tachycardia in the setting of documented adenovirus or coxsackie virus infections are presented. This association led to the speculation that transient multifocal atrial myocarditis could be the substrate for chaotic atrial tachycardia in some infants.
Somatics in Dance–Dance in Somatics

(2006). Somatics in Dance–Dance in Somatics. Journal of Dance Education: Vol. 6, The Application of Somatic Techniques in the Dance Class, pp. 69-71.
Transport of colloidal contaminants in groundwater : radionuclide migration at the Nevada Test Site

Abstract Large-volume groundwater samples were collected at the Nevada Test Site from within a nuclear detonation cavity and from approximately 300 m outside the cavity. The samples were filtered and ultrafiltered, and the filtrates and various particle size fractions were analyzed for chemical composition and radionuclide activity. In samples from both locations, approximately 100% of the transition element (Mn, Co) and lanthanide (Ce, Eu) radionuclides were associated with colloids. Their presence outside the cavity indicates transport in the colloidal form. Distribution coefficients calculated for Ru, Sb, and Cs nuclides from both field sample locations indicate equilibrium partitioning on the 0.05-0.003 μm colloids. Calculation of transport efficiencies relative to colloid mass concentrations and dissolved neutral or anionic nuclides indicates that both the cations and the radiolabelled colloids appear to experience capture by or exchange with immobile aquifer surfaces.
Modeling the unmodelable: algorithmic fault diagnosis

Because defect behavior is so variable, a fault model always leaves some faults unmodeled. One solution is to use improved matching algorithms to diagnose complex behaviors even with inaccurate modeling.
Superconducting and nonsuperconducting analogs of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8: The role of electronegativity

Abstract The following new solid solution series possessing the structure of the superconducting oxide with an ideal formula Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 have been characterized: Bi 2− x M x Sr 3− x Y x Cu 2 O 8 ( M = Pb, Cd), Bi 2− x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 1− x Y x Cu 2 O 8 , and Bi 2 Sr 3−2 x Na x Y x Cu 2 O 8 . While the phase exists over a wide composition range in each series, superconductivity arises only over a limited range. The results are interpreted on the basis of a correlation between electronegativity and charge carrier concentration in the superconducting copper oxides.
Involvement of sigma (σ) receptors in the acute actions of methamphetamine: Receptor binding and behavioral studies

Methamphetamine interacts with sigma (sigma) receptors, suggesting that the drug produces some of its physiological and behavioral effects through these sites. Therefore, in the present report, receptor binding and pharmacological studies were performed to characterize the interaction between methamphetamine and sigma receptors. Of the two major sigma receptor subtypes, sigma1 and sigma2, competition binding studies showed that methamphetamine has a 22-fold preferential affinity for the sigma1 subtype. Saturation binding studies using the sigma1 selective radioligand [3H]+-pentazocine showed that in the presence of methamphetamine, there was a significant change in Kd, but not Bmax, suggesting competitive interactions. In behavioral studies, pretreatment of Swiss Webster mice with the sigma1 receptor antagonists, BD1063 or BD1047, significantly attenuated the locomotor stimulatory effects of methamphetamine. Mice that were administered an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to down-regulate brain sigma1 receptors also exhibited a reduced locomotor stimulatory response to methamphetamine, as compared to control mice receiving mismatch oligonucleotides. Together, the data suggest that sigma1 receptors are involved in the acute actions of methamphetamine and that antagonism of this subtype is sufficient to prevent the locomotor stimulatory effects of methamphetamine.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and Hydrocephalus after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The effects of three sequential injections of cisternal blood on ventricular size, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF formation rate, and CSF absorption rate were evaluated in adult rabbits. Autologous blood was injected into the cisterna magna on Days 1, 4, and 8 and ventriculocisternal perfusion was done on Day 15. Control animals received artificial CSF injection at these intervals. For each rabbit, the mean CSF pressure was higher after three injections of blood than before: 13 animals after blood injection had a mean CSF pressure of 15.59 +/- 1.15 cm H2O (mean +/- SE); before blood injection, their pressure had been 11.14 +/- 1.43 cm H2O (all figures are means +/- SE). This is a significant increase in pressure (P less than 0.01, paired t-test). Further, the 13 rabbits with cisternal blood injection had a significantly higher CSF pressure than 5 control animals: 15.59 +/- 1.15 vs. 10.50 +/- 1.06 cm H2O. The animals with cisternal blood injection all developed some degree of hydrocephalus; the ventricle to brain percentage ratio was 9.84 +/- 0.56 in blood-injected animals and 2.38 +/- 0.21 in control animals (P less than 0.01, two-tailed t-test). CSF formation and absorption rates were not significantly different after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The CSF formation rates were 9.85 +/- 1.8 microliter/minute in the experimental group and 9.53 +/- 1.9 microliter/minute in the control group; CSF absorption at the animal's opening pressure was 13.30 +/- 2.06 microliter/minute in the animals with cisternal blood injection and 9.97 +/- 2.4 microliter/minute in the control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collisional vs. Radiative Energy Loss of Heavy Quark in a Hot and Dense Nuclear Matter

Abstract We study the heavy quark evolution in a quark–gluon plasma medium within the framework of Langevin equation coupled to a ( 2 + 1 ) -dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model. We modify the current Langevin algorithm such that apart from quasi-elastic scattering, medium-induced radiative energy loss is incorporated as well by treating gluon radiation as an extra force term. We find a significant effect of gluon radiation on heavy quark energy loss at LHC energies. Our calculation provides a good description of the D meson suppression measured by ALICE experiment, and makes a prediction for B meson suppression and flow.
Self-Consistent Determination of Time-Dependent Behavior of Metals

Though Kroner's self-consistent model is not fully consistent in the elastic-plastic defor­ mation of poly crystals, it is found to be perfectly consistent in the time-dependent defor­ mation of such materials. Hill's model, on the other hand, should be used with a modified constraint tensor containing the elastic moduli of the matrix in that case. Kroner's model is supplemented with a physically consistent constitutive equation for the slip system; these, together with Weng's inverse method, form the basis of a self-consistent determina­ tion of time-dependen t behavior of metals. The kinematic component of the latent hard­ ening law and the residual stress introduced in more favorably oriented grains are the two major driving forces for recovery and the Bauschinger effect in creep. The proposed meth­ od was applied to predict the creep and recovery strains of a 2618-T61 Aluminum alloy under pure shear, step and nonradial loading. The predicted results are seen to be in gen­ erally good agreement with the test data.
Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus: biology and pathogenesis.

Donnees recentes sur la biologie et la pathogenie du virus Riley (virus elevant la lactate dehydrogenase); sur la pathologie de la polio-encephalomyelite induite par ce virus chez les souris C58 et AKR âgees ou immunodeprimees et sur le role possible de genes retroviraux endogenes dans cette pathologie
Microstepping and high-performance control of permanent-magnet stepper motors

Abstract We examine the problem of control of high-performance drives and servos with permanent-magnet stepper motors. Control of electromechanical systems implies control and optimization of electromechanical transductions and energy conversion. Robust spatio-temporal control algorithms are designed to ensure high efficiency, high-precision microstepping and optimal performance. The system stability, robustness and control design are examined applying an admissibility concept. Nonlinear control guarantees optimal energy conversion in expanded operating envelopes. Our analytic designs are substantiated and verified. A proof-of-concept system is tested and characterized. The high electromagnetic torque and high-precision microstep angular positioning simplify kinematics, enables efficiency, ensures direct-drive capabilities, reduces complexity, etc. For four-phase permanent magnet stepper motors, one may ensure up to 256 microsteps within a 1.8° full step. High efficiency and accurate 2.454 × 10 −4 rad positioning (25,600 microsteps per revolution) are achieved with high electromagnetic and holding torques. To guarantee high efficiency, optimality and enabled energy conversion capabilities, electromechanical energy conversion and high electromagnetic torque are achieved by applying soft balanced phase voltages. The ripple and friction torques are minimized. The fundamental findings, technology-centric design and experimental results are reported.
Major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and the cell physiology of peptide hormones

Speculations about the function of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have ranged widely over the years. Though the immune functions of the MHC have always been foremost in such speculations, there has always been a background of ideas and experiments about other functions of the complex [ 1]. While some associations of MHC and nonimmune function are due to products of genes linked to the traditional MHC genes, most of the data on MHC/functional associations cannot be attributed to unknown genes, and, rather, must be explained in terms of unknown functions of known MHC gene products. The speculative basis for these unknown functions rests with a view that the products of the MHC complex evolved from primitive general systems for recognition at the cell surface. This position was taken by Bodmer [2], Ohno [3], and Edelman [4] and, discussing the interactions of colonial tunicates, by Burnett [5] and by Scolfield and co-workers [6], by Dausset and Contu [7], and by Snell [8]. Their speculations on MHC origin appear to be better founded in truth today than they did at their first publication, because the sequence homologies between MHC antigens and a number of other proteins comprising the "immunoglobulin superfamily" suggest a common origin of the genes for all of these proteins, from an ancestral gene specifying a small membrane protein [9]. General recognition properties then may be postulated as basic properties of MHC antigens. How readily can we detect such properties? A general approach to testing MHC dependence of cell recognition phenomena has been through systems in which some aspects of recognition can be quantitated. In such experiments, from our laboratory as well as from others, the assumption is made that while MHC antigens may modify or modulate recognition, they cannot act to abolish a specific recognition system or to create a new, qualitatively distinct recognition system. Thus all of the work in the area of "nonimmune recognition" has been on the quantitation of specific recognition events such as cell-to-cell adhesion or the binding of hormones to specific receptors and subsequent cellular responses. Another good example of such work, on drug binding to cell surfaces, is presented by van Rood and co-workers in this volume [10]. Experiments on cell adhesion involve complicated multistage systems, but may be quantitated in vitro by measuring either the rate of single cell adhesion to
Similarities and Differences in Interactions of the Activity-Enhancing Chemoreceptor Pentapeptide with the Two Enzymes of Adaptational Modification

Sensory adaptation and chemotaxis by Escherichia coli require a specific pentapeptide at the chemoreceptor carboxyl terminus. This sequence binds the two enzymes of receptor adaptational modification, enhancing catalysis, but with different binding features and mechanisms. We investigated the relative importance of each pentapeptide side chain for the two enhancing interactions.
Comparative hematology of the turtle, rabbit and rat

1. 1. The iron content of turtle blood was compared with that of the rabbit and rat. 2. 2. Serum iron and percent saturation of serum iron-binding proteins were lowest in the turtle. 3. 3. Differences in whole blood iron and hemoglobin concentrations were related to variations in total cell count, hematocrit and cell size. 4. 4. Turtle blood cells were found to contain a pool of non-hemoglobin iron not found in rabbit or rat. 5. 5. Only small amounts of iron were transferred from turtle iron-binding serum proteins to red cells during incubation in vitro.
Su1503 Dysphagia Relief and Adverse Events Associated With Fully Covered Evolution® Esophageal Stents in Malignant Esophageal Strictures: Does Size Matter?

covered 20-mm SEMS which combines bilateral flared ends and three rows of anchoring flaps on the stent body for the prevention of migration. Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the HANARO-Utrecht stent for the palliation of malignant dysphagia. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent HANARO-Utrecht stent placement for palliation of malignant dysphagia in four centers from June 2011 until October 2012 were included. Patients were contacted after 2 weeks and monthly thereafter until death. Technical success, recurrent dysphagia, migration, survival and complications were evaluated. Results: Forty patients (29 men (72.5%), mean age 68 11 years) were included. Malignant dysphagia was caused by esophageal cancer (n 32), malignant extrinsic compression (n 5), tumor recurrence after esophagectomy (n 2) and gastric cancer (n 1). Four patients (10%) had an esophageal-respiratory fistula and 26 patients (65%) had undergone previous radiation and/or chemotherapy. Stent placement was technically successful in 38 patients (95%), in 1 patient the stent collapsed during repositioning and a second stent was placed through the stent and in 1 patient the stent was placed more distally than intended despite repositioning. Thirty-four patients (85%) remained dysphagia free during followup (median 59 days, range 2-397), while 6 patients (17%) had recurrent dysphagia after a median of 39 days (range 9-48), due to stent migration (n 5) and tissue overgrowth (n 1). In 4 of these patients, the stent had partially migrated and could be repositioned endoscopically, while in 2 patients a new stent was placed. One patient presented with recurrent partial migration after 59 days, for which repeat repositioning was performed. Fourteen patients are still alive after a median of 59 days (range 15-397) and 26 patients died after a median of 58 days (range 2-210), due to disease progression (n 20), complicated pneumonia (n 3), cardiac disease (n 1), euthanasia (n 1) and acute hypoxemia due to tumor ingrowth in the trachea (n 1). In total, 24 major complications occurred in 18 patients (47%), including severe pain (n 7), severe nausea and/or vomiting (n 6), bleeding (n 4), aspiration pneumonia (n 4), fistula formation (n 2) and tracheal compression (n 1). Conclusion: Despite the specific anti-migration features of the HANARO-Utrecht stent, migration was the main cause of recurrent dysphagia. We also observed a relatively high complication rate, especially severe pain, nausea and vomiting after placement, further improvements in stent design are needed.
A comparison of TCP performance over three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks

We examine the performance of the TCP protocol for bulk-data transfers in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We vary the number of TCP connections and compare the performances of three recently proposed on-demand (AODV and DSR) and adaptive proactive (ADV) routing algorithms. It has been shown in the literature that the congestion control mechanism of TCP reacts adversely to packet losses due to temporarily broken routes in wireless networks. So, we prospose a simple heuristic, called fixed RTO, to distinguish between route loss and network congestion and thereby improve the performance of the routing algorithms. Using the ns-2 simulator, we evaluate the performances of the three routing algorithms with the standard TCP Reno protocol and Reno with fixed RTO. Our results indicate that the proactive ADV algorithm performs well under a variety of conditions and that the fixed RTO technique improves the performances of the two on-demand algorithms significantly
Effect of Feedbunk Stocking Density on Weight Gains and Feeding Behavior of Yearling Holstein Heifers

Abstract Linear feedbunk space for yearling Holstein heifers was altered by assigning 6, 12, 18, and 24 head to feed from a 4.88-m feedbunk to yield .81, .41, .27, and .20 m of feedbunk space/head. Each treatment group was fed to yield .75 kg average daily gain for two 45-day periods. Heifers were weighed every 45 days, and their feeding behavior was recorded on video tape for 2 of every 45 days. Percentage of heifers able to feed from the feedbunk at one time and the average daily gain for the .81-, .41-, .27-, and .20-m groups were 100%, .82 kg; 100%, .66 kg; 67%, .72 kg; and 50%, .47 kg. The groups spent 4.82, 4.72, 4.30, and 3.55 h/day per head eating from the feedbunk. Heifers in the .20-m group consumed all the feed in the bunk within 14 h after feeding. Lowering the feedbunk space to .20 m/head reduced average daily gain and total eating time/day. Feedbunk space/head of .27 m is required to insure adequate daily gains with yearling Holstein heifers under restricted feed intake.
Effect of research on commercial hybrid maize resistance to European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Economic loss caused by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), amounts to millions of dollars per year. Maize breeding programs funded from public and private sources have developed and released germplasm with resistance to European corn borer whorl leaf feeding and, to a lesser extent, sheath and sheath collar feeding during flowering. A4-yr study of 100 hybrids each year was undertaken to evaluate levels of resistance to European corn borer available to the farmer in commercial hybrids. About 90% of the maize hybrids evaluated have some resistance to whorl leaf feeding and about 75% have some resistance to sheath and sheath collar feeding. In approximately two-thirds of the hybrids evaluated in Missouri, the resistance levels could be further enhanced and susceptible hybrids improved with the introduction of additional genes for resistance.
Improved Grid Security Posture through Multi-factor Authentication

While methods of securing communication over the Internet have changed from clear text to secure encrypted channels over the last decade, the basic username-password combination for authentication has remained the mainstay in academic research computing and grid environments. Security incidents affecting grids, such as the TeraGrid stakkato incident of 2004 and 2005, has demonstrated that the use of reusable passwords for authentication can be readily exploited and can lead to a widespread security incident across the grid [1,2]. The University of Tennessee's National Institute for Computational Sciences (NICS) founded in 2008 has provided resources to the TeraGrid, including Kraken, a 1.17 petaflops Cray XT5, and has implemented and promoted the use of multi-factor authentication mechanisms since its founding. The benefits of use of this stronger authentication method has been higher productivity and resource availability for users due to no known user account compromises caused by stolen NICS user credentials that led to disabling accounts or system resources. NICS has been developing and experimenting with expanding our use of multi-factor authentication to the grid. NICS has integrated multi-factor authentication with our certificate authority so that users can now run my proxy and receive a multi-factor authenticated certificate. NICS is also exploring the federation of multi-factor authentication systems, with the goal of "one user, one token". This is especially important, as new grid resources, such as Blue Waters, will only allow multi-factor authentication, and we want the users to only carry one token, not many tokens. XSEDE, the TeraGrid successor, will also be deploying multi-factor authentication in addition to the other existing authentication methodologies. XSEDE will also work closely with science gateways and workflows to develop and maintain secure frameworks for the highest level of security possible.
Geometric shape abstractions for internet-based virtual prototyping

Abstract Virtual prototyping (VP) typically involves analyzing computer aided design (CAD) models for different end applications such as manufacturability or assemblability analysis. Such analyses may be performed via the aid of expert system agents which could be residing in a distributed fashion on the Internet. Each expert system agent/module requires CAD information at a certain level of geometric abstraction and outputs the analysis at a different level of abstraction. Therefore, a basis is needed to define these different levels of geometric abstraction. The current paper defines and analyzes these different levels of geometric abstraction in the context of an architecture for achieving VP via a central broker that interacts with these different modules—each providing a different level of abstraction.
How Diagnosis-Related Group 559 Will Change the US Medicare Cost Reimbursement Ratio for Stroke Centers

Background and Purpose— Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke saves societal costs, but hospitals that practice acute stroke care appear to shoulder the burden of the cost, which exceeds reimbursement. With creation of the diagnosis-related group (DRG) 559, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services pays hospitals approximately US $6000 more per case when thrombolysis is administered. We sought to determine the total cost of, and reimbursement for, acute stroke treatment with thrombolysis at a single stroke center and the economic impact of DRG 559. Methods— Between September 2001 and December 2004, we collected data on all patients with acute stroke who received thrombolysis. We identified all hospital costs and reimbursement per patient. Financial results were expressed as a cost-reimbursement ratio: average total cost to average total reimbursement per patient. We then reanalyzed data using the projected Medicare hospital reimbursement with DRG 559. Results— Sixty-seven patients with stroke (me...
Low-grade waste heat recovery for simultaneous chilled and hot water generation

Abstract An investigation of heat recovery from industrial processes with large exhaust gas flow rates, but at very low temperatures, was conducted. Heat recovered from a gas stream at 120 °C was supplied to an absorption cycle to simultaneously generate chilled water and hot water to be used for space conditioning and/or process heating. With the steep increase in energy costs faced by industry, it may be possible to use previously unviable techniques. At nominal conditions, 2.26 MW of heat recovered from the waste heat stream yields a chilled hydronic fluid stream at 7 °C with a cooling capacity of 1.28 MW. Simultaneously, a second hydronic fluid stream can be heated from 43 °C to 54 °C for a heating capacity of 3.57 MW. Based on the cost of electricity to generate this cooling without the waste heat recovery system, and the cost of natural gas for heating, savings of $186/hr of operation may be realized. When extrapolated to annual operation with a 75% capacity factor, savings of up to $1.2 million can be achieved. The system requires large components to enable heat exchange over very small temperature differences, with the largest component being the waste heat driven desorber. Minor increases in heat source temperature result in substantial reductions in heat exchanger size.
The Horse-Taming Trojans

When M. Felix Sartiaux says1 of the domain of Troy that ‘sa principale industrie est l'!elevage de chevaux,’ he touches a point that has not been sufficiently considered in its bearing on the religion of Troy and its connexions with the tribes of Thrace, the Danube, and North Greece. In his study of the Thracian proper names Tomaschek notes2 the large number compounded with ‘Aulo-,’ which he regards as equivalent to ἴππο and remarks on the fact that it is natural to have such names in Thrace, as the chief business of the ruling Thracians was the breeding of horses, their food was flesh of horses, and horse-blood and horse-milk their drink. The same tendency is seen in the Iliad in the names with ἴππος as first or second member. They are for the most part names of Trojans or Trojan allies, the greater number belonging to Trojans. Only four Greeks have these names, and in two of these cases there seems to be an oversight on the part of the poet. Hipponoos occurs in a puzzling list of Greeks slain by Hector in II. XI. 301–304, in which the names that occur elsewhere in the poem are names of Trojans. Hippasides also constitutes a puzzle when used in the thirteenth book as a patronymic for Hypsenor, who is a Trojan in the fifth book, and has himself a characteristically Trojan3 or Dardanian name in ηνωρ Hippasos is a Trojan, father of Charops and Sokos, and, according to Hyginus, a son of Priam.
Specific excision of the selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec (Trsp) gene in mouse liver demonstrates an essential role of selenoproteins in liver function.

Selenium is essential in mammalian embryonic development. However, in adults, selenoprotein levels in several organs including liver can be substantially reduced by selenium deficiency without any apparent change in phenotype. To address the role of selenoproteins in liver function, mice homozygous for a floxed allele encoding the selenocysteine (Sec) tRNA[Ser]Sec gene were crossed with transgenic mice carrying the Cre recombinase under the control of the albumin promoter that expresses the recombinase specifically in liver. Recombination was nearly complete in mice 3 weeks of age, whereas liver selenoprotein synthesis was virtually absent, which correlated with the loss of Sec tRNA[Ser]Sec and activities of major selenoproteins. Total liver selenium was dramatically decreased, whereas levels of low molecular weight selenocompounds were little affected. Plasma selenoprotein P levels were reduced by about 75%, suggesting that selenoprotein P is primarily exported from the liver. Glutathione S-transferase levels were elevated in the selenoprotein-deficient liver, suggesting a compensatory activation of this detoxification program. Mice appeared normal until about 24 h before death. Most animals died between 1 and 3 months of age. Death appeared to be due to severe hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis with concomitant necrosis of peritoneal and retroperitoneal fat. These studies revealed an essential role of selenoproteins in liver function.
Primary pediatric neuroblastic tumors of the neck

Neuroblastic tumors are the third most common cause of solid tumors in early childhood. Cervical tumors account for only 5% of cases. In this report, we describe a series of four pediatric neuroblastic tumors of the neck. The histological diagnosis was ganglioneuroblastoma in three cases and neuroblastoma in one case. Presenting signs were solitary cervical mass in two cases and respiratory distress in association with Claude-Bernard Horner's syndrome in two cases. Mean age at presentation was 15 months. Cervical computed tomography scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging depicted calcifications within the tumor in 50% of cases and allowed accurate assessment of extension. Increased urine catecholamine levels were observed only in the patient with neuroblastoma. Scintigraphy with [131]iodine-methyliodobenzylguanidine demonstrated selective uptake by the tumor in two cases. Amplification of N-myc oncogene, a documented unfavorable prognostic sign, was not found in any case. Surgical treatment was performed in all patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed in one case. All patients underwent regular surveillance. No evidence of recurrence has been observed with a mean follow-up period of 7 years.
Recent Developments in the Work of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics

From time to time these notes have referred to what has been accomplished and what is contemplated in the implementation of standard classification systems throughout the range of the Bureau's statistical series. Once again important developments can be reported in this long-range program of statistical integration. Two important recent developments are the publication of the first report on productivity and the release of preliminary data on the stock of fixed capital. Further developments are imminent in both areas. The decision to convert from a Decennial to a Quinquennial Census of Merchandising and Service Trades, beginning in 1966, is of major importance to measurement in this large and growing range of activities. Apart from providing more up-to-date information, it improves the results of current samples since it provides a new benchmark and a new sampling frame every five years instead of every ten. A number of other new developments are under way in these trades. New administrative arrangements within the framework of the Central Staffs include the establishment of a Regional Statistics Unit and an Econometric Research Unit. In response to the widespread interest in statistics at the provincial and subprovincial level, the Bureau has established a Regional Statistics and Analysis Staff. The primary purposes of the Staff are: (1) to strengthen liaison and communications arrangements with the provinces in the area of economic statistics; (2) to co-ordinate and strengthen DBS regional statistical programs; (3) to carry out special analytical and feasibility studies; and (4) to provide or arrange for consultative services to the provinces as required. Special requirements of federal government departments, and agencies concerned with area development (such as ADA, ARDA, ADB, and the Economic Council) will also be met as resources permit. The establishment of an Econometric Research Consultation Staff is intended to enable the Bureau to make more use of the econometric techniques of analysis and estimation which developing computer technology makes feasible. The purpose of the Staff is to provide consultation with specialists in various fields and to carry out technical studies having Bureau-wide application.