cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correction for chemical-shift artifacts in 19F imaging of PFOB: simultaneous multislice imaging.

One of the difficulties encountered in 19F NMR imaging of fluorinated blood substitutes is that these compounds often exhibit complex multipeak spectra. These peaks result in chemical-shift artifacts along the readout direction and blurred images. In addition, each peak excites a different slice (mis-selection) when a slice selection gradient is applied during the selective rf pulse. A simultaneous multislice imaging method has been developed to solve the inherent problem of mis-selection. The essence of this method is to use the two strongest peaks of the spectrum to excite controlled different multiple slices simultaneously, with or without a slice gap. The images corresponding to the two spectral lines are then separated from in-and out-of-phase images (Dixon method). This method corrects the problem of mis-selection and either improves the SNR or increases the number of slices over spectrally selective methods which image only one peak. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Autocrine Motility Factor Promotes HER2 Cleavage and Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells

Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is an effective targeted therapy in HER2 overexpressing human breast carcinoma. However, many HER2-positive patients initially or eventually become resistant to this treatment, so elucidating mechanisms of trastuzumab resistance that emerge in breast carcinoma cells is clinically important. Here we show that autocrine motility factor (AMF) binds to HER2 and induces cleavage to the ectodomain-deleted and constitutively active form p95HER2. Mechanistic investigations indicated that interaction of AMF with HER2 triggers HER2 phosphorylation and metalloprotease-mediated ectodomain shedding, activating PI3K and MAPK signaling and ablating the ability of trastuzumab to inhibit breast carcinoma cell growth. Further, we found that HER2 expression and AMF secretion were inversely related in breast carcinoma cells. Based on this evidence that AMF may contribute to HER2-mediated breast cancer progression, our findings suggest that AMF-HER2 interaction might be a novel target for therapeutic management of breast cancer patients whose disease is resistant to trastuzumab.
Lipid biochemists salute the genome

The biochemistry of plant metabolic pathways has been studied for many generations; nevertheless, numerous new enzymes and metabolic products have been discovered in the last 5-10 years. More importantly, many intriguing questions remain in all areas of metabolism. In this review, we consider these issues with respect to several pathways of lipid metabolism and the contributions made by the Arabidopsis genome sequence and the tools that it has spawned. These tools have allowed identification of enzymes and transporters required for the mobilization of seed storage lipids, as well as transporters that facilitate movement of lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to the chloroplast in green leaf cells. Genomic tools were important in recognition of novel components of the cutin and suberin polymers that form water-impermeable barriers in plants. The waxes that also contribute to these barriers are exported from cells of the epidermis by transporters that are now being identified. Biochemical and genetic knowledge from yeast and animals has permitted successful homology-based searches of the Arabidopsis genome for genes encoding enzymes involved in the elongation of fatty acids and the synthesis of sphingolipids. Knowledge of the genome has identified novel enzymes for the biosynthesis of the seed storage lipid, triacylglycerol, and provided a refined understanding of how the pathways of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis are integrated into overall carbon metabolism in developing seeds.
Exposure to receptor-activator of NFκB ligand renders pre-osteoclasts resistant to IFN-γ by inducing terminal differentiation

While it has been established that IFN-γ is a strong activator of macrophages and a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in vitro, it is also known that this cytokine is produced in particular settings of inflammatory bone loss, such as infection and psoriatic arthritis. Because of the different kinetics between rapid IFN-γ macrophage activation (<24 hours) and the slower receptor-activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) osteoclast differentiation (7 days), we postulated that IFN-γ would have different effects on early-stage and late-stage osteoclast precursors. In RAW264.7 cells and primary splenocyte cultures, pretreatment with RANKL rendered these cells resistant to maximally anti-osteoclastogenic doses of IFN-γ. These cells were also resistant to IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide production, morphological change, and surface upregulation of CD11b and receptor-activator of NFκB, suggesting that early exposure of osteoclast precursors to RANKL induces a broad resistance to the cellular effects of IFN-γ. Changes in STAT1 activation did not correlate with this resistance, as IFN-γ activated STAT1 equally in both early-stage and late-stage pre-osteoclasts. Furthermore, we failed to observe changes in TRAF6 expression following IFN-γ treatment in pre-osteoclasts. Together these data support a model of inflammatory bone loss in which early exposure to RANKL can prime osteoclast precursors to form in the presence of high levels of IFN-γ using mechanisms independent of the signal molecules STAT1 and TRAF6.
Quantized feedback stabilization of non-linear affine systems

Recently, the study of quantized control systems has attracted increasing attention from researchers, due to its theoretical and practical importance in digit control, control under communication/computation constraints, etc. In this paper we develop a theory of stabilizing single-input non-linear affine systems using quantized feedback. We construct explicitly a stabilizing quantizer based on a control Lyapunov function (CLF), and a robustly stabilizing quantizer based on a robust control Lyapunov function (RCLF). We characterize the coarsest quantizer for a given RCLF and the coarsest one over all RCLFs. The special features of several classes of non-linear affine systems are explored to obtain more specific results. Finally, we apply the proposed quantization scheme to the motion control of certain types of vehicles.
Optimizing the diet with whole grains

Abstract Dietary recommendations may be perceived by the general population as causing a shift to less food and perhaps to less aesthetically pleasing foods often resulting in noncompliance. Technology can play a key role in this scenario by creating new formulated foods as well as by utilizing technology to modify whole foods or foods containing whole foods and enhancing both their health benefits and acceptability. At present we have evidence for a positive role in health of nutrients and many nonnutrients in foods, such as whole grains. However, all the linkages between dietary components and disease are not clear. Therefore, it is critical to design not only appealing formulated foods, but to also ensure adequate consumption of whole foods in order to obtain those compounds we know to be linked to good health, as well as those yet‐unknown compounds or interactions in food that are also linked to good health. In all cases, the technical and functional properties of food, as well as the nutritional, mus...
Spinal anesthesia for laparoscopic tubal sterilization

Previously general anesthesia with controlled ventilation has always been recommended for laparoscopic sterilization procedures. The use of spinal anesthesia was considered to be contraindicated due to the position of the patient the distention of the abdominal cavity by the carbon dioxide insufflation the absorption of carbon dioxide insufflation the absorption of carbon dioxide into the bloodstream and patient discomfort. A clinical study was conducted with 15 randomly-selected patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. After administration of premedication morphine sulfate and a local anesthesia a spinal anesthesia was induced. The method of administration of the anesthesia is described. 3 of the patients suffered pain in the right shoulder with the carbon dioxide insufflation indicating that the pain originated in the diaphragmatic area. During insufflation of the carbon dioxide the respiratory center was not depressed and responded to the gas. It was concluded following the study that a healthy patient undergoing laparoscopy could be treated with spinal anesthesia instead of a general anesthetic.
Nicastrin functions to sterically hinder γ-secretase–substrate interactions driven by substrate transmembrane domain

γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving protease that processes many type-I integral membrane proteins within the lipid bilayer, an event preceded by shedding of most of the substrate’s ectodomain by α- or β-secretases. The mechanism by which γ-secretase selectively recognizes and recruits ectodomain-shed substrates for catalysis remains unclear. In contrast to previous reports that substrate is actively recruited for catalysis when its remaining short ectodomain interacts with the nicastrin component of γ-secretase, we find that substrate ectodomain is entirely dispensable for cleavage. Instead, γ-secretase–substrate binding is driven by an apparent tight-binding interaction derived from substrate transmembrane domain, a mechanism in stark contrast to rhomboid—another family of intramembrane-cleaving proteases. Disruption of the nicastrin fold allows for more efficient cleavage of substrates retaining longer ectodomains, indicating that nicastrin actively excludes larger substrates through steric hindrance, thus serving as a molecular gatekeeper for substrate binding and catalysis.
Regional intramuscular pressure development and fatigue in the canine gastrocnemius muscle in situ

Ameredes, Bill T., and Mark A. Provenzano. Regional intramuscular pressure development and fatigue in the canine gastrocnemius muscle in situ. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1867–1876, 1997.—Intramuscula...
Loving Literature: A Cultural History

Deidre Lynch positions her wonderfully engaging cultural history Loving Literature as a response to the charges we frequently hear, both within the academy and from without, that literary studies h...
Liquefied Natural Gas Ship Route Planning: A Risk Analysis Approach

Abstract We present a risk analysis approach for selecting alternate routes between liquefaction and re-gasification terminals. Due to lack of data related to incidents directly affecting LNG vessels as a result of the impressive historical safety records of the LNG industry, some parameters required for our risk analysis are estimated from a closely related hazmat cargo, Crude Oil. Our formulation is then used to solve a problem instance, using real-life data. Our results suggest: i) Depending on managerial preference, an alternate route with shorter distance may not necessarily be the vessel route of choice; ii) Risk analysis approach provides an insight into selection of a voyage route, taking into consideration activities (terrorism, or pirate attacks, or otherwise) that have been historically associated with alternate LNG vessel routes.
Hybridization of Strains of the Gypsy Moth Parasitoid, Apanteles melanoscelus, and its Influence upon Diapause

Colonies of Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) from France, Yugoslavia, and Connecticut were crossed and photoresponse curves were obtained for the 3 strains and their hybrids under laboratory and outdoor insectary conditions. Photoperiodic responses of the Connecticut strain were different from the French and Yugoslavian parasites and their hybrid. The triple hybrid was different from the French, Yugoslavian, or Connecticut strains in its diapause characteristics. The laboratory-determined critical photophases at 24°C were: Connecticut, 16-17 h; the French-Yugoslavian-Connecticut hybrid, 15 h ; French, Yugoslavian and the French-Yugoslavian hybrid, 12.5-13.5 h. Under outdoor insectary conditions, the average percentage entering diapause for each strain was: Connecticut, 96%; a newly-collected French colony, 99%; a laboratory French colony, 8% ; Yugoslavian, 8% ; French-Yugoslavian hybrid, 7%; and French-Yugoslavian-Connecticut hybrid, 30%.
The Control of Mites on Deciduous Fruit Crops with Binapacryl

Trials conducted in California over a 2-year period have shown that binapaeryl is an effective acaricide. Its acaricidal properties have been evident in areas where organophosphate resistant populations were prevalent. Various rates and formulations, as well as times of application, were evaluated during this period. Species controlled include the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.) on pears; Pacific spider mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor on grapes; European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) on pears and apples; and brown mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson on almonds.
Relación entre la alimentación institucional de Jardines Infantiles y del Hogar con el estado nutricional de los preescolares que asisten a dos Jardines Infantiles en Valparaíso, Chile

Introduction: Obesity in children under 6 years of age, who attend Nursery Schools belonging to INTEGRA Foundation (Chile), may be associated with the diet received at school, their home or both. Objectives: To determine if there is a relationship between children’s dietary patterns and their nutritional status.Material and Methods: A descriptive, associative, cross-sectional method was used. Sample (n=33) was children 4 and 5 years old from two Nursery Schools from Valparaiso. It was assessed: i) energy intake provided by nursery school and household’s diets, according to the recommendations of the Chilean dietary guidelines and ii) nutritional status, W/A; W/H; H/A; body mass index, growth charts for children under 6 years of age, World Health Organization (Standards of the National Chilean Health Program for Children). Fisher’s exact test was used in order to associate food consumption patterns with nutritional status.Results: Nursery school provided the expected caloric contribution, while household provided 67% over the expected percentage (354 additional kcal per capita/day). From 21.2% to 27% of the children were overweight (W/H and BMI). Children with food consumption pattern 1 had normal nutritional status. Those with pattern 2 presented a 50% of malnutrition related to overconsumption. Fisher’s exact test was p=0.001.Conclusions: There is an association between dietary pattern and nutritional status of preschool children attending two INTEGRA Nursery Schools. This study is limited due to sample size.
Epicentral time and surface structure determined for the Tango earthquake, Japan, March 7, 1927

XIV. Summary It is concluded that: The major energy of the Tango earthquake, causing the elastic waves which registered on seismographs all the world over, was released at 9 h 27 m 44 s , G.M.T., March 7, 1927, from a single focus about 12 kilometers below the epicenter, which lay some 7 kilometers southwest of the Gomura fault and about 12.5 kilometers northwest of the Yamada fault, that is to say at 35° 36′.4 N., 134° 58′.2 E., in a surface stratum only some 16 kilometers thick, in which the velocity of the longitudinal wave has the unusually high average value of 6.3 kilometers per second, the velocity for the same wave below the discontinuity being 7.75 kilometers per second and about the inner edge of the mantle at its contact with the core 12.4 kilometers per second. The P - and S -curves of the previous paper are to be subjected to a constant correction of — 11 seconds in the light of the foregoing results, which indicate an epicentral time of 9 h 27 m 46 s instead of the tentatively assumed 9 h 27 m 35 s . Arguments are advanced for believing the corrected P -curve for the Tango earthquake to be reasonably well established except for a range of several degrees on each side of an epicentral distance of 20°.
Microsurgery for tethered cord syndrome in neonates:analysis of 48 cases

Objective To explore the clinical features and main points of microsurgery for tethered cord syndrome(TCS) in neonates.Methods Symptoms, physical signs, examinations of 48 neonatal patients with TCS were retrospectively analyzed.Surgery was performed under microscope in all patients, and the prognosis was followed up.Results Good prognosis was achieved in all patients.In 6 patients with asymmetric lower extremities and feet, symptoms disappeared in 4 cases, and improved in 2.In 4 patients with urinary and fecal incontinence, 2 achieved complete control, and 2 improved.Three patients with talipes equinovarus recovered after orthopaedic treatment, and 2 with incomplete paralysis in lower limbs improved a little.All other patients could control urination and defecation with good activity in lower limbs.Conclusion TCS in neonate is due to congenital factors, and early microsurgery may significantly improve the outcomes.
Biological control of postharvest decays of apple can prevent growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple wounds.

Fresh cells of the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae at 2.4 × 108 CFU/ml inoculated into wounds of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple prevented Escherichia coli O157:H7 (concentrations ranging from 2.4 × 105 to 2.4 × 107 CFU/ml) from growing in the wounds. This occurred when the two microorganisms were co-inoculated or inoculation with E. coli O157:H7 was conducted 1 or 2 days after inoculation with the antagonist. In similar tests, application of the commercial formulation of this antagonist prevented the growth of E. coli O157:H7 in wounds when inoculated 1 or 2 days after application of the antagonist. Populations of E. coli O157:H7 in wounds treated with water (control) before inoculation with this pathogen increased approximately 2 log units during the first 48 h after inoculation. These results indicate that biocontrol agents developed for controlling storage decays of fruits may have the additional benefit of preventing the growth of foodborne pathogens in freshly wounded tissue of intact and fresh-cut fruits.
Androgen-mediated Control of the Cyclin D1-RB Axis: Implications for Prostate Cancer

Prostatic adenocarcinomas are exquisitely dependent on androgen via its cognate receptor (the androgen receptor, AR) for proliferation and survival. This dependence is exploited in the treatment of disseminated disease, wherein ablation of AR activity constitutes first line therapeutic intervention.While initially effective, these strategies ultimately fail, due to inappropriate restoration of AR activity and AR-mediated cellular proliferation. Resultant studies revealed that AR governs the cyclin D1-RB axis, in addition to other phases of the cell cycle. Strikingly, these studies have revealed unexpected cross talk between the AR and several elements of the cell cyclemachinery, and aberrations in these pathways have been associated with disease progression. In this review, the molecular communication between AR and the cyclin D1-RB axis will be discussed, with an emphasis on the implications of these pathways for prostate cancer progression and management.
New principals, accountability, and commitment in low-performing schools

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine first-year principals’ sense-making about two potentially conflicting demands as they take over low-performing urban schools: the demand to exert control over their teachers’ practice, and the need to build their teachers’ trust, collegiality, and commitment. Design/methodology/approach – This study draws on a series of surveys and interviews with 12 first-year principals that took over some of the lowest-performing public schools in one large urban district. Findings – Some principals begin their first year seeing their work to build accountability and commitment as complementary, while others see these two areas as in tension. Principals remain relatively consistent in these approaches over their first year on the job, although some principals change their views, generally coming to see these two areas as increasingly separate over time. Research limitations/implications – Future work should examine principals’ work to balance the demands of accountabili...
Reference-pulses neutron/gamma-ray pulse shape discrimination in liquid scintillators for deposited neutron energies from 200 keV

A hybrid pulse shape discrimination (PSD) method is presented that combines a charge-integration PSD method with a reference-pulses PSD method. The reference-pulses PSD method uses detailed knowledge of the average, energy-dependent detector response to radiation. To obtain the reference pulses, a large number of neutron and gamma-ray pulses were averaged in several pulse height regions. The reference neutron and gamma-ray pulses were then used in the new PSD method for the classification of ‘known’ measured pulses. The reference-pulses PSD method was applied below 70 keVee (keV electron equivalent), whereas the standard charge-integration PSD method was used above 70 keVee. This new hybrid PSD method proves to be more accurate than the standard charge-integration PSD method for classification of neutrons and gamma rays. Specifically, the improvement is approximately 30% for neutrons between 20 and 30 keVee (corresponding to approximately 50 and 225 keV neutron energy deposited). For this pulse height bin, approximately 72% of the neutrons were correctly classified by the hybrid PSD method. The average number of correctly classified neutrons is approximately 88% for the hybrid PSD method between 20 and 100 keVee (150 and 670 keV neutron energy deposited) as opposed to 83% for the charge-integration PSD method.
Automated Rebar Detection for Ground-Penetrating Radar

Automated rebar detection in images from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a challenging problem and difficult to perform in real-time as a result of relatively low contrast images and the size of the images. This paper presents a rebar localization algorithm, which can accurately locate the pixel locations of rebar within a GPR scan image. The proposed algorithm uses image classification and statistical methods to locate hyperbola signatures within the image. The proposed approach takes advantage of adaptive histogram equalization to increase the visual signature of rebar within the image despite low contrast. A Naive Bayes classifier is used to approximately locate rebar within the image with histogram of oriented gradients feature vectors. In addition, a histogram based method is applied to more precisely locate individual rebar in the image, and then the proposed methods are validated using existing GPR data and data collected during the course of the research for this paper.
Getting patients in the door: medical appointment reminder preferences.

Purpose Between 23% and 34% of outpatient appointments are missed annually. Patients who frequently miss medical appointments have poorer health outcomes and are less likely to use preventive health care services. Missed appointments result in unnecessary costs and organizational inefficiencies. Appointment reminders may help reduce missed appointments; particular types may be more effective than other types. We used a survey with a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to learn why individuals miss appointments and to assess appointment reminder preferences. Methods We enrolled a national sample of adults from an online survey panel to complete demographic and appointment habit questions as well as a 16-task DCE designed in Sawtooth Software's Discover tool. We assessed preferences for four reminder attributes - initial reminder type, arrival of initial reminder, reminder content, and number of reminders. We derived utilities and importance scores. Results We surveyed 251 adults nationally, with a mean age of 43 (range 18-83) years: 51% female, 84% White, and 8% African American. Twenty-three percent of individuals missed one or more appointments in the past 12 months. Two primary reasons given for missing an appointment include transportation problems (28%) and forgetfulness (26%). Participants indicated the initial reminder type (21%) was the most important attribute, followed by the number of reminders (10%). Overall, individuals indicated a preference for a single reminder, arriving via email, phone call, or text message, delivered less than 2 weeks prior to an appointment. Preferences for reminder content were less clear. Conclusion The number of missed appointments and reasons for missing appointments are consistent with prior research. Patient-centered appointment reminders may improve appointment attendance by addressing some of the reasons individuals report missing appointments and by meeting patients' needs. Future research is necessary to determine if preferred reminders used in practice will result in improved appointment attendance in clinical settings.
THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF POLAR GaAs SURFACES

A review is given of experimental results for the reconstruction dependence of the electronic structure of the GaAs(100), GaAs\((\bar 1\bar 1\bar 1)\) and GaAs(111) surfaces. Surface state bands are derived from angle resolved photoemission data and discussed in terms of models for the surface structure.
Assessing Validity of the Fitbit Indicators for U.S. Public Health Surveillance.

Personally generated health data are increasingly used to report on population prevalence and trends, providing a new avenue for public health surveillance.1 Documentation of acceptable measurement properties to ensure correct interpretations should precede their use. One common source of personally generated health data comes from activity trackers, self-worn devices that provide feedback and long-term tracking on physical activity-related metrics.2 Activity trackers are relatively unobtrusive and low cost, with 12.5% of U.S. adults reporting wearing one in 2015.3 Already companies selling activity trackers report on data acquired by their users.4,5 In 2015, the U.S. Fitbit Health and Activity Index™ was launched and updated in 2017, providing a suite of metrics including (1) prevalence of five indicators (steps, active minutes, resting heart rate, sleep, BMI), (2) popular Fitbit activities, and (3) time trends in activities. Using company-provided online tools, users can cross-tabulate three Fitbit indicators (steps, active minutes, resting heart rate) with diabetes, obesity, or cardiovascular disease (from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System [BRFSS]). An expert panel recommended assessing the psychometric properties of instruments for surveillance,6 but the validity of these Fitbit indicators is unknown. Thus, this study explored whether the Fitbit indicators of physical activity (steps, active minutes), resting heart rate, and BMI provided evidence for validity for use as a surveillance tool.
Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Canine Patients.

Background Ciprofloxacin generic tablets approved for human use frequently are administered to dogs for treatment of bacterial infections because they are inexpensive and readily available. However, previous work indicated low and variable oral absorption in healthy research dogs. Objective To examine orally administered ciprofloxacin in a group of clinical canine patients using population pharmacokinetics in order to identify minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) that potentially could be achieved with orally administered ciprofloxacin in dogs. Animals Thirty-four clinical canine patients; mean weight, 22.95 kg (range, 4.6–57 kg). Methods Ciprofloxacin generic tablets intended for human use were administered to dogs in a prospective study (mean dose, 23.5 mg/kg). Sparse blood sampling was used to obtain population pharmacokinetic results with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. These data were used to estimate a breakpoint for susceptible bacteria. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for an area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio of ≥100, the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target for fluoroquinolones. Results The values for volume of distribution, peak concentration, and half-life were 10.7 L/kg (11.7%), 1.9 μg/mL (11.66%), and 4.35 hours (7.62%), respectively (mean, % coefficient of variation [CV]). The size of the dog was an important covariate with larger dogs achieving lower plasma drug concentrations than smaller dogs, despite a similar mg/kg dose. Ninety percent PTA was obtained for a MIC ≤ 0.06 μg/mL. Conclusions and Clinical Importance A breakpoint (susceptible) of ≤0.06 μg/mL should be considered when ciprofloxacin tablets are administered to dogs at a dose of 25 mg/kg once daily, which is much lower than the breakpoint of ≤1 μg/mL in humans.
How sensitive are the U.S. inpayments and outpayments to real exchange rate changes: an asymmetry analysis

Previous studies that assessed the impact of exchange rate changes on a country’s inpayments and outpayments assumed that such effects are symmetric. The evidence from the literature reveals that import and export prices react to exchange rate changes in an asymmetric manner. This implies that export earnings and payments for imports should also react to exchange rate changes in an asymmetric manner. We demonstrate this by using Shin et al.’s (2014) nonlinear ARDL approach and inpayments and outpayments of the U.S. with her 15 trading partners. We find evidence of short-run as well as long-run asymmetric effects in more than half of the models, though the findings are found to be partner specific.
Laser enhanced direct print additive manufacturing for mm-wave components and packaging

Direct print additive manufacturing (DPAM) is an additive manufacturing technique that combines fused deposition modeling with micro-dispensing. As a multimaterial 3D printing method it has proven to be effective for fabricating printed electronics that operate in the microwave frequency range. This paper discusses the addition of picosecond laser processing to the DPAM process, and the enhancements to high-frequency performance and design capability that are made possible. The use of laser-enhanced DPAM for 3D fabrication of transmission lines, passive components and packaging is discussed.
Bouveret's Syndrome.

Bouveret’s Syndrome A 57-year-old woman presented with nausea and vomiting and was found to have a gallstone in the proximal duodenum, which caused gastric outlet obstruction.
Nurse-Led Communication in the Intensive Care Unit

We examine him each day — the elderly patient, intubated, sedated, with a bewildered wife at his bedside. We should sit down with his wife before we ask her to make hard decisions about her husband’s care, but the unit is so busy that we find ourselves scurrying by, pausing only to offer rushed updates that do not allow for the exchange of meaningful information. This is a familiar scenario. Approximately one in five people in the United States dies in the intensive care . . .
A Calorimetric Technique for the Measurement of Low Optical Absorption Losses in Bulk Glass and Optical Communication Fibres

In the bulk glass measurement, a pair of thin rod samples are rigidly mounted in a massive brass enclosure. As the rod ends are immersed in index matching liquid, no optical polishing is necessary. One sample is illuminated by a laser beam and the temperature rise due to the absorbed energy is measured by a thermocouple. For the fibre measurement, the solid rod is replaced by a fibre led through a silica tube filled with a low index liquid. A laser power of 100mW gives a sensitivity of 1dB/Km limited by thermocouple Johnson noise. Replacing the fibre by a fine resistance wire conducting a known current provides a calibration of the apparatus.
Meaningful Learning of Literary Elements by Incorporating Critical Literacies

Grounded in the theoretical constructs of envisionment building and critical literacies, this article discusses a case study on how the teacher invites the students to make their learning of litera...
The different faces of disseminated intravascular coagulation in solid tumors: how to identify and manage

“Treat the underlying cause” has been the classic mantra for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Whenever feasible in disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with solid tumors, this principle appears to hold good.
Transposons and Illegitimate Recombination in Prokaryotes: A Summary and Perspective

Many of the DNA rearrangements in prokaryotic organisms can be accounted for by one of three relatively well-defined, mechanistically distinct processes: general (homology-dependent) recombination, site-specific recombination, and transposon-promoted replicative recombination.
Improving health outcomes and promoting stewardship of resources: ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely campaign.

Believing that unnecessary use of resources is a significant contributor to rising health care costs, the ABIM Foundation launched the Choosing Wisely campaign, in which physicians and patients work together to develop treatment plans that are effective for the patient but are also efficient and promote the sustainable use of limited resources.
Spatial Spectroscopic Models for Remote Exploration.

Ancient hydrothermal systems are a high-priority target for a future Mars sample return mission because they contain energy sources for microbes and can preserve organic materials (Farmer, 2000 ; MEPAG Next Decade Science Analysis Group, 2008 ; McLennan et al., 2012 ; Michalski et al., 2017 ). Characterizing these large, heterogeneous systems with a remote explorer is difficult due to communications bandwidth and latency; such a mission will require significant advances in spacecraft autonomy. Science autonomy uses intelligent sensor platforms that analyze data in real-time, setting measurement and downlink priorities to provide the best information toward investigation goals. Such automation must relate abstract science hypotheses to the measurable quantities available to the robot. This study captures these relationships by formalizing traditional "science traceability matrices" into probabilistic models. This permits experimental design techniques to optimize future measurements and maximize information value toward the investigation objectives, directing remote explorers that respond appropriately to new data. Such models are a rich new language for commanding informed robotic decision making in physically grounded terms. We apply these models to quantify the information content of different rover traverses providing profiling spectroscopy of Cuprite Hills, Nevada. We also develop two methods of representing spatial correlations using human-defined maps and remote sensing data. Model unit classifications are broadly consistent with prior maps of the site's alteration mineralogy, indicating that the model has successfully represented critical spatial and mineralogical relationships at Cuprite.
Non-Parkinsonian Movement Disorders

Over the last few years, the genetics of non-parkinsonian movement disorders has exploded. After Parkinson disease (PD), the next most common condition seen in movement disorder clinics is dystonia. The number of DYT designations is now up to DYT25. The genetics of dystonia is complicated by phenocopies, incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity imprinting, and heterogeneity. The number of genetic etiologies for the group of disorders known as the neurodegenerations with brain iron accumulation (NBIAs), in which the typical presentation is dystonia with features of parkinsonism, has also expanded over the last few years. Additionally, more degenerative diseases labeled as neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses presented with myoclonus, epilepsy and dementia have been described. This chapter will review the current knowledge of the genetics of the large number of non-parkinsonian movement disorders.
Substantive and Enforcement Jurisdiction in a Post-Wayfair World

This article examines the Wayfair case through the lens of substantive and enforcement jurisdiction and focuses on the question of whether there is a constitutionally required relationship between the nexus of the person that the state seeks to enlist as the tax collector and the underlying activity that the state is taxing.
Securing Over-The-Air IoT Firmware Updates using Blockchain

Over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates are very common in IoT (Internet of Things) devices with wireless capabilities. Although they are convenient, they may also be open to attack since physical access may not be needed. In addition, most frameworks use a centralized architecture to update a potentially large number of devices increasing the threat landscape. An alternative solution, that relies on a blockchain framework with smart contracts, is proposed in this paper to protect the integrity of the firmware update process. The proposed system is suitable for use in smart cities or scenarios with a large number of devices and service providers where nodes are authenticated, communications protected, and update conditions specified and enforced through smart contracts. A proof--of--concept system was implemented and tested using an open--source blockchain framework and a WiFi--capabable ESP8266--based board. The system was evaluated for scalability and response to denial of service (DoS) and man--in--the--middle (MitM) attacks. Preliminary experimental results show that the approach is feasible and a viable substitute for a centralized solution.
Bolt early looseness monitoring using modified vibro-acoustic modulation by time-reversal

Abstract Structural health monitoring (SHM) of bolted joints has played a vital role in estimation of bolt looseness and prediction of residual service life of bolted connections, thus saving money and significantly improving the efficiency of maintenance routines across industries. In the past decades, several SHM methods, particularly acoustic/ultrasonic methods, have been used to identify the health status of bolted connections. Compared to the linear ultrasound techniques such as active sensing, the vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) method that is based on nonlinear ultrasonic features has proven its efficiency in bolt early looseness monitoring; however, some drawbacks impede its practical use. The main contribution of this paper is to develop a modified VAM (MVAM) that can circumvent existing problems with practical implementation and provide higher sensitivity. First, the shaker used in the traditional VAM was replaced by a piezoceramic transducer to improve its practicality. Moreover, instead of sine waves, linear swept sine signals were used for both low-frequency (LF) pump vibration and high-frequency (HF) probe wave. In other words, no a priori knowledge of the structural condition is needed, which further broadens the scope of application. Subsequently, the time reversal (TR) method was applied to overcome problems including signal energy dissipation and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in traditional VAM. Moreover, the noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-MEMD) and multiscale multivariate sample entropy (MMSE) were used to develop a new damage index (DI) for bolt early looseness monitoring. Finally, multiple repeated experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed method and its ability to simplify bolt early looseness monitoring in terms of practical operation, by comparing the proposed MMSE-based DI with nonlinear DI of traditional VAM method.
Workshop on Models for Copyright Education in Information Literacy: An Initiative of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

The Workshop was organized the IFLA Information Literacy Section and the IFLA Copyright and Other Legal Matters Advisory Committee to provide a forum for discussing models for education on copyright, licensing, and related legal matters within the framework of library information literacy programs. With more than 14 countries represented, the papers and discussions were far-ranging and comprehensive, touching on issues of pedagogy, instructional design, learning theory, author rights, copyright limitations and exceptions, applications of the law nationally, international copyright, open access, and education for library and information science practitioners. The papers in this special issue started as presentations at the workshop but were further developed based on feedback and then through peer review before publication.
Moving Forward: Policy Actors and Strategy

This chapter reviews the conclusions drawn in the book, and offers a breakdown of the strategy and interests the various stakeholders may pursue in the face of water accountability and the changing politics around water scarcity. It concludes with a discussion of future research pathways.
Burden of occupational morbidity from selected causes in the United States overall and by NORA industry sector, 2012: A conservative estimate.

Background Timely and reliable national estimates of the occurrence of occupational injury and illness are needed to monitor the burden of occupational morbidity and mortality, establish research and intervention priorities, and evaluate the progress and effectiveness of prevention efforts. Methods We provide updated estimates of morbidity from occupational injuries and selected illnesses, using current general population incidence rates, the proportion of the general public with a particular workplace exposure, and the relative risk of illness from that exposure. We provide estimates for the total U.S. working population and for specific industry sectors. Results We estimate that, in 2012, between 5 712 362 and 5 961 620 total occupational cases, including 0.7 to 1.0 million incident illnesses and 5.0 million injuries, occurred in the United States. Conclusion The variety of disparate data sources and methods required to compile these estimates highlight the need for more comprehensive and compatible occupational health surveillance in the United States.
Emulation of fast reactor irradiated T91 using dual ion beam irradiation

Abstract Dual ion irradiations using 5 MeV defocused Fe2+ ions and co-injected He2+ ions were conducted on a ferritic-martensitic steel alloy, T91, in the temperature range of 406 °C–570 °C over a damage range of 14.6–35 dpa followed by characterization of the microstructure using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Dislocation loops were observed to increase in diameter and decrease in density with temperature until only network dislocations were observed at the highest temperatures of 520 °C and 570 °C. Swelling exhibited the expected bell-shaped trend with temperature following the number density of cavities, peaking at 460 °C and with a bimodal size distribution except at 520 °C and 570 °C. Nickel- and silicon-rich clusters formed under dual ion irradiations near the surface at all but the highest temperatures of 520 °C and 570 °C. Very little Cr and Si segregation was observed at lath boundaries while Ni enriched at all temperatures examined. Segregation of Cr and Ni appeared to saturate by 17 dpa, while Si enriched up to 35 dpa. The dislocation and cavity microstructures of dual ion irradiated T91 and T91 irradiated in the BOR-60 fast reactor matched extremely well using a temperature shift of +60–70 °C. However, segregation to grain boundaries and formation of nickel-silicon rich clusters were minimal in the dual ion irradiated T91 and less than that in T91 irradiated in the BOR-60 fast reactor.
The Ramanujan conjecture and its applications

In this paper, we review the Ramanujan conjecture in classical and modern settings and explain its various applications in computer science, including the explicit constructions of the spectrally extremal combinatorial objects, called Ramanujan graphs and Ramanujan complexes, points uniformly distributed on spheres, and Golden-Gate Sets in quantum computing. The connection between Ramanujan graphs/complexes and their zeta functions satisfying the Riemann hypothesis is also discussed. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS'.
Abatacept Decreases the Rate of Acute and Chronic Gvhd in Children with Sickle Cell Disease Undergoing Matched Sibling Transplants

Introduction We wanted to study the role of abatacept on the incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received an allogeneic HSCT for SCD at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and compared various transplant characteristics between patients with and without abatacept for acute GVHD prophylaxis. Results Sixteen patients were transplanted for SCD at our center. Nine patients received a calcineurin inhibitor, methotrexate and abatacept at 10 mg/kg intravenously on days -1, +5, +14 and +28 while 7 patients received a calcineurin inhibitor with methotrexate and methylprednisolone for acute GVHD prophylaxis (table 1). No abatacept infusion related adverse effects were observed. Neutrophil engraftment was comparable at a median of 12.5 days (range 11-21) in patients without abatacept versus 13 days (range 12-16 days) in the abatacept cohort. Incidence of grade 2-4 GVHD was 0/9 in the abatacept cohort versus 3/7 patients in the no-abatacept cohort. Two of the 3 acute GVHD patients in the no-abatacept cohort had visceral involvement. One patient in the abatacept cohort had mild chronic GVHD compared to 3 patients in the no-abatacept cohort with mild (n=1) and moderate (n=2) chronic GVHD. Six patients in the no-abatacept cohort had viral reactivation compared to 8/9 patients in the abatacept cohort. No patient in either cohort had viral disease. One patient in the abatacept cohort had secondary graft loss and was transplanted again with the same donor and conditioning regimen successfully. There was no graft loss in patients who did not receive abatacept. The disease-free survival was 100% in both groups at last follow up of 1925 days (range 837-8164 days) in the no-abatacept group and 770 days (range 112-1634 days) after HSCT in the abatacept cohort. Conclusions Abatacept is well tolerated and decreases the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD in children with SCD undergoing fully matched sibling transplants. Larger studies are needed to definitively determine the impact of abatacept in GVHD prophylaxis in the matched sibling donor setting.
Abstract WMP90: Marital Status and Post-Stroke Outcomes

Introduction: Although the impacts of marital status on health have long been recognized, little is known about its role in stroke outcomes. The study examined the association of marital status wit...
Optothermally induced mechanical oscillation in a silk fibroin coated high-Q microsphere

Protein-based optical devices with biocompatibility and biodegradability have distinct advantages for applications in biomedical sensing. Silk fibroin with unique optical, thermal, and mechanical properties renders great flexibility in designing functional photonic platforms. Here, we report the experimental observation of optothermally induced mechanical oscillation in a silk-fibroin coated microcavity. Theoretical analysis reveals that the observed oscillation results from the interplay of several nonlinear effects in the silk-coated-microsphere as well as the coexistence of fast and slow thermal dynamic processes. The physics in our study breaks ground for the study of nonlinear dynamics of structural protein optical material that can be used for functional optical devices.