cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Discharge on Daytime Habitat Use and Selection by Muskellunge in the New River, Virginia

Abstract For several fish species, increased river discharge has been linked to behavioral changes, including movement towards particular habitats. From 2000 to 2003, we used radiotelemetry to monitor habitat use by 42 muskellunge Esox masquinongy within a 17-km reach of the New River, Virginia; to evaluate habitat selection; and to determine whether habitat use and selection were affected by discharge. Water depth, occurrence of aquatic vegetation, substrate type, and distance to riverbanks within the study reach were mapped with hydroacoustic and Global Positioning System technologies. Real-time discharge measurements from an upstream U.S. Geological Survey stream gauge were used to classify fish locations into those made during periods of reduced ( 75 m3/s) discharge. Seasonal habitat selection models for the different discharge levels were created using logistic regression. Differences in logistic regression coefficients between models were tested with multivariate chi-square t...
Structure-guided SCHEMA recombination of distantly related β-lactamases

We constructed a library of beta-lactamases by recombining three naturally occurring homologs (TEM-1, PSE-4, SED-1) that share 34-42% sequence identity. Most chimeras created by recombining such distantly related proteins are unfolded due to unfavorable side-chain interactions that destabilize the folded structure. To enhance the fraction of properly folded chimeras, we designed the library using SCHEMA, a structure-guided approach to choosing the least disruptive crossover locations. Recombination at seven selected crossover positions generated 6561 chimeric sequences that differ from their closest parent at an average of 66 positions. Of 553 unique characterized chimeras, 111 (20%) retained beta-lactamase activity; the library contains hundreds more novel beta-lactamases. The functional chimeras share as little as 70% sequence identity with any known sequence and are characterized by low SCHEMA disruption (E) compared to the average nonfunctional chimera. Furthermore, many nonfunctional chimeras with low E are readily rescued by low error-rate random mutagenesis or by the introduction of a known stabilizing mutation (TEM-1 M182T). These results show that structure-guided recombination effectively generates a family of diverse, folded proteins even when the parents exhibit only 34% sequence identity. Furthermore, the fraction of sequences that encode folded and functional proteins can be enhanced by utilizing previously stabilized parental sequences.
Diagnostic accuracy of screening electrocardiograms in long QT syndrome I.

Objective. Inherited long QT syndrome (LQTS) may present with syncope, seizures, and/or sudden death as a result of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Identification of family members who are at risk because they harbor the genetic substrate for LQTS is critical. Presently, such identification relies on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the automated ECG as a screening tool for LQTS. Method. Molecular testing of a proband and 22 additional family members for the KVLQT1 mutation and symptomatic status facilitated the classification of each family member into the following patient groups: non-carriers (13), asymptomatic carriers (5), and symptomatic carriers (5). Each individual had a standard 12-lead ECG from which the computer and manual (lead II) corrected QT interval were determined. In addition, we determined the accuracy of the computer ECG diagnostic interpretation for each patient group. Results. With the use of a corrected QT interval of ≥460 ms as a diagnostic cutoff, the positive and negative predictive values for identifying at-risk individuals were 100%. Despite this, the computer-generated ECG diagnostic interpretation erroneously classified 6 of 23 family members. Moreover, half of the family members, proved to have the ion channel defect, received the diagnostic interpretation normal ECG. Conclusion. Reliance on the computer-generated ECG diagnostic interpretation alone will fail to identify many at-risk family members. It is suggested that all first-degree relatives of an identified LQTS proband have a 12-lead ECG that is reviewed independently by a physician who is familiar with LQTS in an effort to improve screening for this potentially lethal syndrome. Pediatrics 2001;108:8-12; electrocardiogram, long QT syndrome, QT interval, sudden death.
On the power of non-spoofing adversaries

One of the fundamental concepts in network security is the active adversary. Such an adversary is defined, in the classic paper by Dolev and Yao, as an adversary that (in addition to eavesdropping passively), can "impersonate another user and ... alter or replay the message". Thus, the original definition of an active adversary includes the ability to spoof (lie about its identity). In this paper, we study the special case of active adversaries who are restricted from spoofing. As in the original study by Dolev and Yao, the motivation of our adversary is to break the confidentiality of the message being transmitted using a cascade protocol (a protocol in which neither sender nor receiver name stamps the messages they send). We prove a very surprising result: our weaker adversary, who is restricted from spoofing, is in fact exactly as powerful as the unrestricted Dolev-Yao adversary with respect to the goal of breaking confidentiality of cascade protocols.
Transfer Function Analysis Applied To Acoustic Transmission From Airways To Chest Wall

In this study, transfer function analysis is explored as a technique to relate the characteristics of sounds detected on the chest wall to the underlying structure of the thorax. The transmission of sound from the mouth to a site overlying the extrathoracic trachea and two sites on the posterior chest wall was measured in healthy subjects over the 100 to 600 Hz range. An effective magnitude of the transfer function of transmission was estimated by taking the ratios of the estimated spectra at each chest wall site to the tracheal site. These transfer functions exhibited a single low-frequency peak and a strong roll-off with increasing frequency. The peak location is estimated well by modeling the thoracic cavity as a large rigid cylinder filled with lossless lung tissue, and this agreement suggests the importance of thoracic cavity resonance on acoustic transmission in this frequency range.
Thermal dose fractionation affects tumour physiological response.

Purpose: It is unknown whether a thermal dose should be administered using a few large fractions with higher temperatures or a larger number of fractions with lower temperatures. To evaluate this we assessed the effect of administering the same total thermal dose, approximately 30 CEM43T90, in one versus three to four fractions per week, over 5 weeks.Materials and methods: Canine sarcomas were randomised to receive one of the hyperthermia fractionation schemes along with fractionated radiotherapy. Tumour response was based on changes in tumour volume, oxygenation, water diffusion quantified using MRI, and a panel of histological and immunohistochemical end points.Results: There was a greater reduction in tumour volume and water diffusion at the end of therapy in tumours receiving one hyperthermia fraction per week. There was a weak but significant association between improved tumour oxygenation 24 h after the first hyperthermia treatment and extent of volume reduction at the end of therapy. Finally, the d...
A network thermodynamic model of ion transport in taste cells

Network thermodynamics is used for computer simulation of complex biological systems. The calculations are done on SPICE2. The sensation of taste is mediated by electrical events in taste bud cells embedded in the tongue epithelium. A model of the tongue epithelium was developed based on a network model of ion transport in a kidney epithelium. The model successfully simulates some aspects of both steady-state and time-dependent electrical measurements observed in the rat tongue when exposed to a wide range (50-2000 mM) of NaCl concentrations, the concentration range of interest for salt taste. The simulations lead to two main results. First, in a time-dependent analysis, in response to a prolonged hyperosmotic NaCl stimulus, the model predicts intracellular depolarization followed by repolarization. Second, steady-state calculations indicate that the Na/sup +/ channel in the luminal membrane of the taste cell must have different properties than those typical in similar epithelia. >
TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Systems biology of regulatory mechanisms of nutrient metabolism in lactation

A major role of the dairy cow is to convert low-quality plant materials into high-quality protein and other nutrients for humans. We must select and manage cows with the goal of having animals of the greatest efficiency matched to their environment. We have increased efficiency tremendously over the years, yet the variation in productive and reproductive efficiency among animals is still large. In part, this is because of a lack of full integration of genetic, nutritional, and reproductive biology into management decisions. However, integration across these disciplines is increasing as the biological research findings show specific control points at which genetics, nutrition, and reproduction interact. An ordered systems biology approach that focuses on why and how cells regulate energy and N use and on how and why organs interact through endocrine and neurocrine mechanisms will speed improvements in efficiency. More sophisticated dairy managers will demand better information to improve the efficiency of their animals. Using genetic improvement and animal management to improve milk productive and reproductive efficiency requires a deeper understanding of metabolic processes throughout the life cycle. Using existing metabolic models, we can design experiments specifically to integrate data from global transcriptional profiling into models that describe nutrient use in farm animals. A systems modeling approach can help focus our research to make faster and larger advances in efficiency and determine how this knowledge can be applied on the farms.
Impact to the Prisoners' Returning Back to Society From the Execution Models Reform

As one of the way to reform the measures of execution,development of community correction has an important impact on the prisoners.At present,the existing way in which most prisoners return back to society is to be released after their whole prison period,which can not be rational for it can not allocate execution resources,can not overcome the drawbacks of imprisonment.The existing way need reform,the establishment of parole should be one of the main ways for prison officers returning to society.To establish new ways for prisoners returning to society will help to improve the quality of their correction.
The great health policy debate of 2010.

Moderator: Good evening. Tonight I will be moderating a debate on the Health Care System Salvage and Coverage Overhaul Act of 2010 (Senate Bill 1, with companion legislation in the House). The bill is awaiting final congressional action, and the issue is considered so important that all 14 major television networks are carrying this debate live, along with many radio networks and at least 1,873 Internet/World Wide Web sites. As you know, S.B. 1 would provide immediate federal aid to the 1,000 hospitals and health care systems that are currently in bankruptcy; extend government-subsidized coverage to the estimated 90 million Americans who lack it; return to the federal government a wide range of health care regulatory and payment activities that had been transferred to the states; and prohibit certain types of health care enterprises and services, chiefly proprietary delivery and managed care systems. At the moment, the chances of its passage are too close to call. Arguments in support of S.B. 1 will be presented tonight by Sen. Joseph P. Kennedy II, Democrat of Massachusetts; arguments in opposition to the bill will be presented by Sen. George W. Bush, Republican of Texas; and the view of the Independent Party will be presented by former Kansas Senator Nancy Kassebaum, who also speaks as chairman of the National Nonpartisan Commission to Save American Health Care. Senator Kennedy will begin.
Marker clip placement following directional, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of marker clip placement after 11-gauge directional, vacuum-assisted breast biopsies. During a 9-month period, 150 stereotactic breast biopsies were performed using a directional, vacuum-assisted device and an 11-gauge probe. In 114 cases, a marker clip was deployed at the biopsy site using the through-probe method. In 94 cases, stereotactic coordinates of the clip were obtained and were available for retrospective review. Comparing the coordinates of the lesion with those of the clip, placement errors were calculated. Overall, clip placement was within 5 mm of the lesion in 81 per cent of cases, within 5-10 mm of the lesion in 17 per cent of cases, and >10 mm from the lesion in 2 per cent of cases. Mean total placement error was 4.5 mm. The mean z axis error was 3.2 mm, compared with 0.88 and 2.0 mm for the x and y axes, respectively. Marker clip placement after vacuum-assisted biopsy is an accurate method of localizing the biopsy site should subsequent surgery be required.
A Sociodemographic Portrait of the Intermountain West

As we have detailed in the preceding chapter, rural America has experienced unprecedented demographic and social changes over the past half-century. Rapid population growth has occurred in some areas, while at the same time other rural communities have experienced significant population decline and economic stagnation. These changes are altering the foundations of rural American communities and reshaping their economic, social, and resource bases. This paradox of rural growth and change, in which some areas and locales prosper and at times grow too quickly while others wither, represents a crucial challenge to rural development policy and practice in the twenty-first century.
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) and Aquaponics for Urban Food Production, with a Pictorial Guide to Aquaponics

As wild-caught fish landings plateau and the global population grows, aquaculture has emerged as the fastest-growing agricultural sector. In the context of urbanization, we present the challenges and opportunities surrounding fish farming in its various forms. Intensive, highly controlled recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) treat and recycle fish effluent to maximize fish yields while conserving water. As a subset of RAS, aquaponic systems further enhance water use efficiency and reduce waste by including a hydroponic component that produces marketable plant crops. We discuss details of aquaponic system design and operation and provide a pictorial guide to the aquaponic system at the Rutgers EcoComplex.
Expansion of Human-Phone Interface By Sensing Structure-Borne Sound Propagation

ForcePhone is a novel system that enables commodity phones to recognize the force applied to their touch screen and body. Researchers have shown the usefulness and importance of this expressive input interface (especially for the one-hand operation), but this advanced function has not yet been realized and deployed in most state-of-the-art smartphones. Instead of employing or augmenting specialized/proprietary sensors, ForcePhone uses only the phone's built-in sensors to measure the applied force via a physical property called structure-borne sound propagation. ForcePhone has been implemented and evaluated on both iOS and Android phones. Multiple demo applications, such as getting the option menu by hard-pressing a button or surfing the previous webpage by squeezing the phone, have been implemented and tested successfully. The estimated force is shown highly correlated to the real applied force and the estimation error is less than 54g when the phone is stationary. Users can easily control the applied force at two different levels with a 97% accuracy. Moreover, ForcePhone can detect the squeeze of the phone body with a higher than 90% accuracy. Most participants in our usability study were able to master the ForcePhone-based apps and find them very useful.
The Spectral Method for Proving Superconcentration

This chapter introduces a new method for proving superconcentration, based on an improved Poincare inequality. The author calls this the “spectral method”. The spectral method is used to give a short proof of superconcentration in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, substantially simplifying the original proof given by the author some years ago.
Understanding Pastoral Counseling

In this edited volume, Elizabeth Maynard and Jill Snodgrass seek to respond to the seemingly never-ending question, “what is pastoral counseling?” It is an accomplishment to provide such a wide-ran...
Mapping Tree Canopy Cover in Support of Proactive Prairie Grouse Conservation in Western North America

ABSTRACT Invasivewoody plant expansion is a primary threat driving fragmentation and loss of sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and prairie habitats across the central andwestern United States. Expansion of native woody plants, including conifer (primarily Juniperus spp.) and mesquite (Prosopis spp.), over the past century is primarily attributable to wildfire suppression, historic periods of intensive livestock grazing, and changes in climate. To guide successful conservation programs aimed at reducing top-down stressors, we mapped invasive woody plants at regional scales to evaluate landscape level impacts, target restoration actions, and monitor restoration outcomes. Our overarching goal was to produce seamless regional products across sociopolitical boundaries with resolution fine enough to depict the spatial extent and degree of woody plant invasion relevant to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) conservation efforts. We mapped tree canopy c...
Novel approach for the detection of intraperitoneal micrometastasis using an ovarian cancer mouse model

Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer have the best overall survival when maximal surgical effort is accomplished. However, despite numerous technological advances, surgery still relies primarily on white-light reflectance and the surgeon’s vision. As such, micrometastases are usually missed and most patients clinically classified as a complete responder eventually recur and succumb to the disease. Our objective is to develop optical enhancers which can aid in the visualization of ovarian cancer micrometastasis. To this end we developed a nanoparticle (NP) platform, which is specifically targeted to the tumor microenvironment. Targeting is achieved by coating FDA-approved PLGA-PEG NP with the peptide sequence RGD, which binds with high affinity to αVβ3 integrins present in both the tumor-associated neovasculature and on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. Administration of the NP platform carrying fluorescent dyes to mice bearing intraperitoneal ovarian cancer allowed visualization of tumor-associated vasculature and its contrast against normal blood vessels. More importantly, we demonstrate the visualization of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer micrometastasis as small as 100 μm with optimal resolution. Finally, we demonstrate that the fluorescent dye cargo was able to penetrate intra-tumorally. Such modality could be used to allow microscopic surgical debulking to assure maximal surgical effort.
Management of the Third Stage of Labor: How Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping Can Affect Neonatal Outcome.

This review presents the effects of delayed umbilical cord clamping on neonatal transitional physiology. The effects of delayed cord clamping on short- and long-term neonatal outcomes are then discussed. There is ample evidence over the last 50 years that delayed cord clamping in preterm infants is beneficial for both short-term and long-term outcomes. Providing ventilation in the initial steps of neonatal resuscitation prior to clamping of the umbilical cord has a physiologic basis and results in better outcomes for newborns. The challenge now is to design equipment and strategies that can allow initial resuscitation very close to the mother while the umbilical cord is still attached to the placenta.
Imaginary spectrum design of second-order LTI systems with two delays for enlarged (in)stability regions in delay parameter space

This article studies second-order linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with two delays, with the main objective to increase the stable operating regions of such systems in the parameter space of the two delays. While tools exist to reveal stability regions, a more direct and transparent mathematical approach to systematically enlarge these regions by manipulating certain system parameters is desirable. Since the imaginary spectrum has direct influence on the boundaries of stability regions, here an approach based on the use of algebraic tools and elimination theory is presented to optimize the imaginary spectrum thereby to enlarge the spacing between the boundaries and create larger (in)stability regions.
Management of major vascular injury during pedicle screw instrumentation of thoracolumbar spine.

Abstract Objectives Vascular injury is a rare complication of spinal instrumentation. Presentation can vary from immediate hemorrhage to pseudoaneurysm formation. In the literature, surgical approach to repair has varied based on anatomy, acuity of diagnosis, infection, and available technology. In this manuscript, we aim to describe our institutional experience with vascular injuries in thoraco-lumbar spine surgery. Patients and methods We report our institutional experience of three cases of vascular injury secondary to pedicle screw misplacement and their management, as well as a review of the literature. Results The first case had a history of previous instrumentation and presented with back pain and fever. The patient was taken for instrumentation exploration via a posterior approach. Aortic violation was discovered at T6 intraoperatively during instrumentation removal and the patient underwent emergent endovascular repair. The second case presented with chronic back pain after multiple prior posterior fusions and CT angiogram showing screw perforation on the aorta at T10. The patient underwent elective endovascular repair with synchronous removal of the instrumentation. The third case presented with radicular leg pain 6 months after L4-S1 posterior lumbar interbody fusion, with CT scan demonstrating the left S1 screw abutting the L5 nerve root and common iliac vein. The patient underwent elective instrumentation revision with intraoperative venography. Conclusion Major vascular injury is a known complication of spinal surgery, especially if it involves instrumentation with pedicle screws. Treatment approach has evolved with the advancement of endovascular technology; however, open surgery remains an option when anatomy or infection is prohibitive. In the elective setting, preoperative planning with attention to surgical approach, positioning, and contingencies, should occur in a multidisciplinary fashion. Repair with an aortic stent-graft cuff may minimize unnecessary coverage of the descending thoracic aorta and intercostal arteries.
Planar Optics with High Numerical Apertures at Visible Wavelengths

We report high numerical aperture planar optics with unique properties using metasurfaces. Meta-axicons and immersion meta-lenses with numerical apertures up to 1.1 are demonstrated; they can generate wavelength-independent Bessel beams and diffraction-limited focal spots, respectively.
Normalized neutral lipid quantitation by flow cytometry

Interest in measuring tissue lipids has increased as the link between fat-laden tissues and metabolic disease has become obvious; however, linking disease to a specific cell type within a tissue has been hampered by methodological limitations. Flow cytometry (FC) has been used to assess relative lipid levels in cells. Unfortunately, its usefulness is limited because comparisons between samples generated over several hours is problematic. We show that: 1) in lipophilic fluorophore stained cells, fluorescence intensity measured by FC reflects lipid levels; 2) this technique can be used to assess lipid levels in a mixed cell population; 3) normalizing to a control condition can decrease experiment-to-experiment variation; and 4) fluorescence intensity increases linearly with lipid levels. This allows triacylglycerol (TG) mass to be estimated in mixed cell populations comparing cells with known fluorescence and TG levels. We exploited this strategy to estimate lipid levels in monocytes within a mixed population of cells isolated from human blood. Using this strategy, we also confirmed that perilipin (PLIN)1 increases TG accumulation by ectopically expressing fluorescently tagged PLIN1 in Huh7 cells. In both examples, biochemically assaying for TG in specific cell populations is problematic due to limited cell numbers and isolation challenges. Other advantages are discussed.
Tract Tracing for the 1990s

The development of new techniques can be a straining and sometimes frustrating experience; it is time consuming and not necessarily the kind of activity that can be planned in sufficient detail to attract the attention of grant-awarding agencies. Tinkering with techniques, however, is often instrumental in fostering exciting advancements, because the tinker-and-toil process leads to the development of new experimental procedures that pave the way for enlightened vistas and conceptual breakthroughs. When new protocols have been successfully applied to a variety of experimental subjects and the variable parameters have been critically evaluated, the methods usually become widely applied across laboratories. “How-to-do” handbooks are the catalysts in this process, and it is a tribute to the ingenuity of the investigators when the interval between the publication of successive handbooks shortens and the set of available handbooks thickens.
The Normal Study

This chapter gives an overview of how to determine a normal urodynamic evaluation in adults and children. In order to define and assess a normal study, one must be aware of the normal values in each measurable parameter, as well as the appearance, pattern, and configuration of the graphic display, and the variability that is noted in these parameters, even in normal, asymptomatic patients. Several examples of normal urodynamic studies are given.
導言：“痛苦的”安樂死

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese一個沒有認真思考過死亡的人，很難對生命形成成熟的見解。安樂死問題為我們提供了一個機會，本刊從這一主題出發，將和廣大讀者一道，在它引起的心理震攝面前，切實體會生命倫理學問題的重大性。經過痛苦的思索和艱難的抉擇，我們將有希望讓死亡不僅作為生命的必然歸宿，而且成為生活的必要準備。DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 172 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
Student self-assessment of oral explanations: Use of language learning progressions:

Students’ self-assessment of language features in their oral explanations of a mathematics task was supported by language learning progressions. Learning progressions map a continuum of knowledge o...
Achieving Forced Mixing in Cu-Based Immiscible Alloys via Friction Stir Processing

Cu-based binary and ternary immiscible alloys were synthesized from elemental powders via friction stir processing (FSP) as a pathway to obtain thermally stable bulk nanostructured alloys with forced miscibility. The processed alloys were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High magnification SEM confirmed the formation of forced mixing in the friction stir processed layer. Forced miscibility in immiscible alloys systems was possible due to high temperature intense severe plastic deformation during FSP. Mixing characteristics in Cu–Ag–Nb and Cu–Fe immiscible alloys were carried out and a mixing mechanism was proposed. As-processed alloys exhibited hardness in the range of 215–320 HV0.3.
Prevalence of Functional GI Diseases and Pelvic Floor Symptoms in Marfan Syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A National Cohort Study.

Background and Aims:Prior studies have shown a high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, diagnoses of functional GI diseases (FGIDs), and pelvic floor symptoms associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). It is unclear if Marfan syndrome (MFS), another common hereditary noninflammatory con
Rethinking Endothelial Dysfunction as a Crucial Target in Fighting Heart Failure

Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by nitric oxide dysregulation and an altered redox state. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers prevail, thus promoting atherogenesis and hypertension, important risk factors for the development and progression of heart failure. There has been a reemerging interest in the role that endothelial dysfunction plays in the failing circulation. Accordingly, patients with heart failure are being clinically assessed for endothelial dysfunction via various methods, including flow-mediated vasodilation, peripheral arterial tonometry, quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and early and late endothelial progenitor cell outgrowth measurements. Although the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are intimately related to cardiovascular disease and heart failure, it remains unclear whether targeting endothelial dysfunction is a feasible strategy for ameliorating heart failure progression. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction, the mechanisms linking endothelial dysfunction and heart failure, and the various diagnostic methods currently used to measure endothelial function, ultimately highlighting the therapeutic implications of targeting endothelial dysfunction for the treatment of heart failure.
Collectivism Is Associated With Greater Neurocognitive Fluency in Older Adults.

Neuropsychological research has been limited in the representation of cultural diversity due to various issues, raising questions regarding the applicability of findings to diverse populations. Nonetheless, culture-dependent differences in fundamental psychological processes have been demonstrated. One of the most basic of these, self-construal (individualism, collectivism), is central to how many other differences are interpreted. Self-construals may have possible consequences on social interactions, emotions, motivation, and cognition. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of self-construal on neurocognitive functions in older adults. A total of 86 community-dwelling older adults 60 years and older were assessed with three common self-report measures of self-construal along individualism and collectivism (IC). A cognitive battery was administered to assess verbal and non-verbal fluency abilities. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to categorize individuals according to IC, and one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), including relevant covariates (e.g., ethnicity, gender, linguistic abilities), were used to compare neurocognitive functions between individualists and collectivists. Collectivists outperformed individualists on left frontally-mediated measures of verbal fluency (action, phonemic) after controlling for relevant covariates, F(1,77) = 6.942, p = 0.010, η2 = 0.061. Groups did not differ on semantic fluency, non-verbal fluency, or attention/working memory (all ps > 0.05). These findings suggest a cognitive advantage in collectivists for verbal processing speed with an additional contribution of left frontal processes involved in lexicosemantic retrieval. Self-construal may provide a meaningful descriptor for diverse samples in neuropsychological research and may help explain other cross-cultural differences.
A 6LoWPAN IoT Platform on the Global Internet

This paper describes a platform under development that runs globally interconnected IP IoT networks based on 6LoWPAN through an IPv4/IPv6 mixed environment. Border routers running 6LBR on Linux are used to interface constrained nodes running Contiki with external IPv6 networks.in4 tunnels are used to encapsulate IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets where native IPv6 networks are not available and the number of IPv4 addresses are severely restricted. All the constrained nodes are assigned global IPv6 addresses and are globally routable. End-to-end connectivity is achieved by eliminating NAT in IPv6. Firewall guidelines to make this platform work are also discussed. Configurations and testing results of our 6LoWPAN platform testbed are described. Testing results show that our platform meets design goals and can be used for further IoT development.
Las palabras importan: representación de los inmigrantes mexicanos en periódicos de México y Estados Unidos

The purpose of this study is to analyze how, in news articles published in online versions of print newspapers from both the United States and Mexico, media represent Mexican immigrants based on the wording they use in articles about immigration issues. The study was done by analyzing, counting and comparing the words used by newspapers. Using critical discourse analysis as methodology, this study aims to contribute to a growing body of literature on the language used by the media and its influence on media consumers.
Future directions in radioembolization

From the perspective of medical physicists, nuclear medicine radiologists, and radiation oncologists involved in radioembolization, the ideal direction of the future of this therapy may appear dierent than it does to interventional radiologists. is is primarily due to the dierences in the common procedures in which each of these groups normally participate. Interventional radiologists focus on procedures that, while technically demanding, normally do not involve the physics, mathematics, or the related precision commonly employed in radiation oncology and nuclear medicine. Further, while the technical considerations involved in a complex vascular intervention necessitate careful review of pretreatment structural and angiographic imaging, most nuclear medicine procedures are completely imaging based, focusing on both function and structure to diagnose and treat the patient. e distinction between these two groups and the ownership that interventional radiologistsnormally have over patients undergoing radioembolization therapy have largely driven the radioembolization technical process in the past. Evidence for this can be seen in Chapters 4 and 5, where the manufacturer-recommended treatment-planning methods for radioembolization are largely based on simple empiric calculations that are only patient specic at the simplest level. For example, recall the specics of the body surface area (BSA) model oen employed for treatment planning using resin microspheres. In this model, the impact of height and weight on the prescribed dosage exceed the impact of relative tumor burden. Additionally, the tumor type, vascularity, prior treatment, homogeneity of uptake, and any other patient-specic factors are not considered. While BSA is widely used in medicine for determining dosages for medications such as chemotherapy, it certainly makes more sense for a systemic administration than for a local brachytherapy such as radioembolization. It is for these reasons that many medical physicists, nuclear medicine radiologists, and radiation oncologists new to radioembolization15.1 Introduction 307 15.2 Background 308 15.3 Toward improved treatment planning 309 15.4 Improving efficacy and safety 31115.4.1 Enhancement of T:N 311 15.4.2 Alternative methods to enhance tumor targeting 31415.5 Toward improved posttreatment imaging 315 15.5.1 New tracers and methods 315 15.5.2 Image analysis 31615.6 Toward extrahepatic tumor radioembolization 31815.7 Conclusions 318 References 319nd themselves immediately frustrated with the seeming lack of precision associated with the current standard of care in radioembolization treatment planning. It should be noted that this brief discussion of the commonly employed BSA treatment planning method for resin microspheres is not unique in its lack of tumor specicity-the recommended method for glass microspheres is even less tumor specic and does not account for tumor burden at all. ose looking for a more detailed review of these methods should refer to Chapter 5.
Biomaterial-mediated reprogramming of monocytes via microparticle phagocytosis for sustained modulation of macrophage phenotype

Monocyte-derived macrophages orchestrate tissue regeneration by homing to sites of injury, phagocytosing pathological debris, and stimulating other cell types to repair the tissue. Accordingly, monocytes have been investigated as a translational and potent source for cell therapy, but their utility has been hampered by their rapid acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to the inflammatory injury microenvironment. To overcome this problem, we designed a cell therapy strategy where monocytes are exogenously reprogrammed by intracellularly loading the cells with biodegradable microparticles containing an anti-inflammatory drug in order to modulate and maintain an anti-inflammatory phenotype over time. To test this concept, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microparticles were loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (Dex) and administered to primary human monocytes for four hours to facilitate phagocytic uptake. After removal of non-phagocytosed microparticles, microparticle-loaded monocytes differentiated into macrophages and stored the microparticles intracellularly for several weeks in vitro, releasing drug into the extracellular environment over time. Cells loaded with intracellular Dex microparticles showed decreased expression and secretion of inflammatory factors even in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli up to 7 days after microparticle uptake compared to untreated cells or cells loaded with blank microparticles, without interfering with phagocytosis of tissue debris. This study represents a new strategy for long-term maintenance of anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype using a translational monocyte-based cell therapy strategy without the use of genetic modification. Because of the ubiquitous nature of monocyte-derived macrophage involvement in pathology and regeneration, this strategy holds potential as a treatment for a vast number of diseases and disorders. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We report a unique and translational strategy to overcome the challenges associated with monocyte- and macrophage-based cell therapies, in which the cells rapidly take on inflammatory phenotypes when administered to sites of injury. By intracellularly loading monocytes with drug-loaded microparticles prior to administration via phagocytosis, we were able to inhibit inflammation while preserving functional behaviors of human primary macrophages derived from those monocytes up to seven days later. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of reprogramming macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype without the use of genetic modification.
Infektionen als Notfall der Onkologie

Patienten mit onkologischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere mit hamatologischen Neoplasien, haben ein erhohtes Risiko fur allgemeine Infektionen und spezielle therapieassoziierte Komplikationen mit hoher Morbiditat und Mortalitat. Die jahrliche Inzidenz und Pravalenz fur Krebserkrankungen steigt in Deutschland. Moderne Therapieverfahren haben zu einem verbesserten Uberleben gefuhrt, jedoch erfordern steigendes Alter, Komorbiditaten und Gebrechlichkeit der Patienten multidisziplinare Strategien zur Durchfuhrung komplexer Therapiekonzepte und zur Behandlung von deren Komplikationen. Eine selektive Literaturrecherche sowie die Leitlinien der European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Hamatologie und Medizinische Onkologie (DGHO), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Infektionen in der Hamatologie und Onkologie der DGHO (AGIHO) und der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) sind die Grundlage fur den vorliegenden Artikel. Das Erkennen schwerer Infektionen bei Krebspatienten und deren Unterscheidung von therapieassoziierten Komplikationen stellt eine Herausforderung fur den behandelnden Arzt dar. Neutropenisches Fieber ist der haufigste infektiologische Notfall in der Onkologie. Fruhzeitige empirische Therapie mit Breitspektrumantibiotika und eskalierende diagnostische Masnahmen sind notwendig fur die erfolgreiche Therapie dieser Risikogruppe. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Reihe von lebensbedrohlichen Infektionen bei immunkompromittierten Patienten diskutiert.
“Maxima Debetur Puero Reverentia”: The Histories and Metamorphoses of Latin Translation in Children’s Literature

The chapter offers a concise overview of Latin translation in children’s literature over the past 150 years, considering both its historical legacy and its future prospects. While Latin education in the Anglo-American world witnessed a precipitous decline in the latter part of the twentieth century, the Latin translation of contemporary children’s literature has comparatively spiked in production over the past twenty years, including recent translations of books by Dr. Seuss, J. K. Rowling, and Jeff Kinney. Among other considerations, the chapter considers the reverse dynamic of translation into (instead of from) a classical language. It also raises the question of whether these works are translated primarily for children, or whether they are instead intended as accessible Latin primers/entertainment for adults.
Three‐dimensional curvature analysis of seismic waveforms and its interpretational implications

The idea of curvature analysis has been widely used in subsurface structure interpretation from three-dimensional seismic data (e.g., fault/fracture detection and geomorphology delineation) by measuring the lateral changes in the geometry of seismic events. However, such geometric curvature utilizes only the kinematic information (two-way traveltime) of the available seismic signals. While analysing the dynamic information (waveform), the traditional approaches (e.g., complex trace analysis) are often trace-wise and thereby fail to take into account the seismic reflector continuity and deviate from the true direction of geologic deposition, especially for steeply dipping formations. This study proposes extending the three-dimensional curvature analysis to the waveforms in a seismic profile, here denoted as the waveform curvature, and investigates the associated implications for assisting seismic interpretation. Applications to the F3 seismic dataset over the Netherlands North Sea demonstrate the added values of the proposed waveform curvature analysis in four aspects. First, the capability of the curvature operator in differentiating convex and concave bending allows automatic decomposition of a seismic image by the reflector types (peaks, troughs and zero crossings), which can greatly facilitate computer-aided horizon interpretation and modelling from three-dimensional seismic data. Second, the signed minimum curvature offers a new analytical approach for estimating the fundamental and important reflector dip attribute by searching the orientation associated with least waveform variation. Third, the signed maximum curvature makes it possible to analyse the seismic signals along the normal direction of the reflection events. Finally, the curvature analysis promotes the frequency bands of the seismic signals and thereby enhances the apparent resolution on identifying and interpreting subtle seismic features.
Manipulating solvent and solubility in the synthesis, activation, and modification of permanently porous coordination cages

Abstract Among all porous materials, permanently porous metal–organic architectures offer unparalleled structural diversity and tunability that has led to their extensive development over the past two decades. Most of this work has focused on two- and three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), while the chemistry of zero-dimensional (discrete) porous coordination cages (PCCs) has been comparatively neglected. Molecular coordination cages have largely been explored for solution-phase applications, with interest in exploring their permanent porosity in the solid-state growing only very recently. For all metal–organic materials, solvent plays a critical role in controlling the formation and activation of a suitable phase for a targeted application. Here, the potential solubility of molecular PCCs distinguishes their chemistry in several respects, where control over material solubility depends heavily on ligand functionalization, which can be incorporated either prior to cage assembly or post-synthetically. This review outlines syntheses, phase-control, activation, and modification of permanently porous metal–organic cages, especially with respect to the role of solvent in these processes and the manipulation of cage solubility. Throughout the review, the chemistry of cage-based materials is compared with more exhaustive studies of MOFs, which highlights certain advantages of molecular phases as well as opportunities to further develop their chemistry.
Paying for Fairness? Incentives and Fair Subject Selection

In their Target Article, “Promoting Ethical Payment in Human Infection Challenge Studies,” Lynch et al. (2021) propose a framework for ethical payment to research participants and apply it to the c...
Enhancing Research on Authoritarian Regimes through Detailed Comparisons of China and Vietnam

In exploring the role of factions, personalism, and legislative behavior in the two states, the three contributions in this issue dispense with the simplistic notion of a China or Vietnam “Model” o...
Semiempirical method for examining asynchronicity in metal-oxido-mediated C-H bond activation.

The oxidation of substrates via the cleavage of thermodynamically strong C–H bonds is an essential part of mammalian metabolism. These reactions are predominantly carried out by enzymes that produce high-valent metal–oxido species, which are directly responsible for cleaving the C–H bonds. While much is known about the identity of these transient intermediates, the mechanistic factors that enable metal–oxido species to accomplish such difficult reactions are still incomplete. For synthetic metal–oxido species, C–H bond cleavage is often mechanistically described as synchronous, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET). However, data have emerged that suggest that the basicity of the M–oxido unit is the key determinant in achieving enzymatic function, thus requiring alternative mechanisms whereby proton transfer (PT) has a more dominant role than electron transfer (ET). To bridge this knowledge gap, the reactivity of a monomeric MnIV–oxido complex with a series of external substrates was studied, resulting in a spread of over 104 in their second-order rate constants that tracked with the acidity of the C–H bonds. Mechanisms that included either synchronous PCET or rate-limiting PT, followed by ET, did not explain our results, which led to a proposed PCET mechanism with asynchronous transition states that are dominated by PT. To support this premise, we report a semiempirical free energy analysis that can predict the relative contributions of PT and ET for a given set of substrates. These findings underscore why the basicity of M–oxido units needs to be considered in C–H functionalization.