cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Node-negative minimal invasive breast cancer patients are not candidates for routine systemic adjuvant therapy

Ninety-one patients with invasive breast carcinoma with a diameter of 1 cm or less and histologically negative axillary nodes were treated between 1976 and 1986 with radical surgery alone (67), or with conservative surgery (24). Cases were analyzed in relation to tumor size, steroid receptors, histologic and nuclear grade, age, and type of therapy, none of which showed a significant relationship to relapse or survival. There were 22% well-differentiated, 20% moderately differentiated, and 56% poorly differentiated or anaplastic tumors. Estimated disease-free survival (DFS) for this group was 91% at 7 years, and overall survival 96% for the same period. There were five relapses (all among poorly differentiated tumors) and three deaths unrelated to breast cancer. With the three deaths censored, 100% of the well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors were disease-free at 7 years versus 91% for poorly differentiated and anaplastic tumors (P = 0.076). These data suggest that node-negative patients with minimal invasive breast cancer are highly curable by primary surgical therapy alone, and the authors believe that these patients are not appropriate candidates for adjuvant therapy until such time as subgroups at high risk of recurrence can be identified.
FINITE TEMPERATURE ENTROPY OF THE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC POTTS MODEL

Monte Carlo simulation is used to deal with the finite temperature entropy of the q-state antiferromagnetic Potts model which is the extension of the general q-color problem (at zero temperature). The finite temperature entropy of the model in two and three dimensions is obtained which is consistent with the zero temperature results. A possible universal relation of the model to determine when the order-disorder transition happens is proposed.
An Introduction to Arabic Literature

Roger Allen provides a comprehensive introductory survey of literary texts in Arabic, from their unknown beginnings in the fifth century AD to the present. The volume focuses on the major genres of Arabic literature, dealing with Islam's sacred text, the Qur'an, and a wealth of poetry, narrative prose, drama and criticism. Allen reveals the continuities that link the creative output of the present day to the illustrious literary heritage of the past and incorporates an enormously rich body of popular literature typified most famously by The Arabian Nights. The volume is informed by Western critical approaches, but within each chapter the emphasis is on the texts themselves, with extensive quotations in English translation. Reference features include a chronology and a guide to further reading. A revised and abridged version of Allen's acclaimed study, The Arabic Literary Heritage, this book provides an invaluable student introduction to a major non-Western literary tradition.
The Role of Ground-Based GPS Meteorological Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction

For lack of sufficient observations, the definition of atmospheric moisture fields (including water vapor and clouds) remains a difficult problem whose solution is essential for improved weather forecasts. Moisture fields are under-observed in time and space, primarily because the distribution of water in the atmosphere is highly variable. Because water is important in weather and climate processes, a significant effort has been expended to develop new or improved remote sensing systems to mitigate this problem. One such system uses ground-based Global Positoning System (GPS) receivers to make accurate all-weather estimates of atmospheric refractivity at very low cost. This largely unanticipated application of GPS had led to a new and potentially significant upper-air observing system for meteorological agencies and researchers around the world (Wolfe & Gutman, 2000). The first and most mature use of GPS for this purpose is in the estimation of integrated (total column) precipitable water vapor above a fixed site (Duan et al., 1996, with improvements by Niell, 1996, and Fang et al., 1998). The techniques currently used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Forecast Systems Laboratory (NOAA/FSL) to collect, process, and distribute GPS water vapor observations are mature and almost ready for transition to operational use. NOAA/FSL has shown that GPS integrated water vapor data can be used effectively in objective (i. e., numerical weather prediction) and subjective weather forecasting. To understand the strengths and limitations of GPS for weather forecasting, it is essential to understant what types of information are currently available to forecasters and modelers, and how models use the data to describe the current and probable future state of the atmosphere. It is also important to understand the current trends in modern weather prediction to ensure that GPS observing system play a significant role in the future. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Are correctional facilities amplifying the epidemic of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

Are correctional facilities amplifying the epidemic of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ?
Effects of drugs of abuse on acquisition of behavioral chains in squirrel monkeys.

The acute effects of various drugs of abuse on the acquisition of chains of behavior were assessed in squirrel monkeys trained to respond on three keys for food. Each new session the monkeys acquired a different four-response chain by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four different stimuli. Incorrect responses inactivated the keys and darkened the chamber for 10 s (time-out). Dose-effect curves were obtained by administering the drugs intramuscularly before the session and recording their effects on the rate and accuracy of responding. Cocaine,d-amphetamine, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol all decreased the accuracy and rate of responding within the dose range of 0.56–3 mg/kg. The highest dose of morphine tested (3 mg/kg) produced parallel decreases in the accuracy and rate of responding in some monkeys but had no effect at lower doses. These drugs decreased within-session accuracy though clearly acquisition did occur, but high doses of caffeine (30 and 56 mg/kg) prevented acquisition and recovery of performance and, furthermore, at 30 mg/kg these effects were observed in the absence of decreases in the rate of responding. The drugs of abuse tested all produced dose-related decreases in both the accuracy and rate of responding, and the decreases in accuracy were primarily observed only at doses that also decreased response rates. Therefore, based on these results from nonhuman primates each of these drugs has the potential to alter learning particularly when doses that disrupt other behaviors are administered.
Corrosion Resistant Canisters for Nuclear Waste Isolation

Corrosion resistant canisters are an important component of the engineered barriers of a nuclear waste disposal system. In addition to providing containment for the waste form during transportation and emplacement, a durable canister can eliminate hydrothermal interactions with the waste form. The selection of a repository site and emplacement technique will affect canister design and could also impact material selection. While there are still many issues to be resolved, there are two different concepts being evaluated to provide durable canisters for waste disposal: (1) canisters fabricated out of extremely corrosion resistant materials such as Ti-base or Ni-base alloys, and (2) canisters fabricated out of less durable materials but designed with a corrosion allowance. Each of these types of canisters could fail to meet the design objectives through a variety of failure processes. The more important of these are discussed.
An investigation of the relationship between general belief patterns and well-being

One hundred and thirty-three employees (58 males, 75 females) of the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (DVAMC), Coatesville, PA anonymously volunteered data on a Demographic Survey, The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI, Derogatis), and The Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT, Jones). A canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate associations between general patterns of beliefs and symptomatology. Two significant pairs of variates were revealed. The first pair provided associations between Demand for Approval, High Self-Expectations, Frustration Reactive, Anxious Overconcern, and Perfectionism and psychological symptomatology. The second pair provided associations between Demand for Approval, Blame Proneness, Frustration Reactive, and Emotional Irresponsibility and somatic symptoms. A MANOVA was used to assess for gender differences. There was no significant general gender effect. However, univariate analyses revealed significant effects for seven BSI variables. This study supported the belief that one's pattern of thinking is related to one's pattern of symptomatology. This has implications for use in health psychology and behavioral medicine.
A microassay for mitochondrial -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.

SummaryA simple reproducible assay for mitochondrial α-GPD has been described. It takes advantage of the ability of INT to accept directly electrons from the dehydrogenase. The assay as described measures accurately enzyme activity using 20 μg of mitochondrial protein, but it could be scaled down for smaller quantities of protein by using smaller reaction volumes and microcuvettes.
Analysis for penicillins and cefoperazone by HPLC-photolysis-electrochemical detection (HPLC-hv-EC).

Continuous, post-column, on-line, real-time photolytic derivatization or degradation can now be used following HPLC separation of various penicillin derivatives prior to conventional thin-layer, amperometric electrochemical detection using oxidative working potentials. Beta-lactam derivatives are separated by conventional reversed-phase HPLC, and each separated penicillin is then photolytically degraded to form, it is presumed, stable anionic species, which are then conveyed to the on-line electrochemical detector for qualitative and quantitative determinations. These methods of trace drug analysis have been applied to four separate penicillins or prodrugs, as well as one typical cephalosporin, viz. cefoperazone. Analytical parameters of the analysis have been determined, including dual electrode response ratios, sensitivity, minimum detection limits, linearity of calibration plots and the range of linear calibration. Finally, the analysis of cefoperazone-spiked saline solutions for i.v. administration has been performed in a single-blind study, as well as the determination of bacampicillin HCl in formulations obtained from a drug manufacturer in the United States. The overall method of analysis for these drugs has been demonstrated as being reproducible, accurate, and precise for at least five beta-lactam analogs. It is suggested that other beta-lactams will be amenable to these newer methods of analysis in a wide variety of sample matrices, including solid or liquid formulations, aqueous infusion solutions, and biological media, such as blood and urine.
Application of refractive scintillation theory to radio transmission through the ionosphere and the solar wind, and to reflection from a rough ocean

Abstract The results of Booker and Majidiahi (1981) concerning refractive scattering by large-scale irregularities in a phase-changing screen are combined with the theory of diffractive scattering by small-scale irregularities in order to study three intensity scintillation phenomena. The first is the reflection of radio and optical waves from an ocean surface disturbed by a spectrum of water waves. The second is the scintillation of VHP, UHF and SHF radio waves traversing the ionospheric F -region. The third is the scintillation of VHF, UHF and SHF radio waves traversing the solar wind. In each case appropriate values are chosen for the mean square fluctuation of phase, for the outer scale, for the inner scale and for the spectral index. Spectral diagrams are drawn to show how the outer scale, the inner scale, the Fresnel scale, the focal scale, the lens scale and the peak scale vary with a relevant parameter (electromagnetic wave-frequency for the ocean, RMS fractional fluctuation of ionization density for the ionosphere, and distance of closest approach to the Sun for the solar wind). For the ionosphere and the solar wind, multiple refractive scattering by weak irregularities occurs in practice whereas it is strong single scattering that is assumed in the thin-screen theory ; potential consequences of this are discussed qualitatively.
Can Prostate-Specific Antigen and Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity Be Used for Prostate Cancer Screening in Men Older Than 70 Years?

Objectives We evaluated the lower threshold of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) in a population of men over 70 years of age. Methods Between January 1988 and December 2005, 4038 men over 70 years of age including 605 African-American (AA) men and 3433 non-AA men from the Duke Prostate Center Outcomes database had determination of serum PSA and PSAV. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to display the data graphically. Results The median age for all men on the study was 75 years. The area under the curve (AUC) for PSA in AA men and non-AA men was 0.84 and 0.76, respectively. For PSAV the AUC was 0.71 versus 0.54, respectively. The largest relative sensitivity and specificity in AA men was achieved at the established PSA cut-point of 4.0 ng/mL: 85% and 71%, respectively. The best cut-point in non-AA men was 3.4 ng/mL, which resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 73%, respectively. The AUC of ROC curves within various age subgroups tends to be stable regardless of how the ages are grouped. In a multivariate logistic regression model age, PSA and PSAV were significant predictors of cancer status in the AA subset. Age and PSA were significant predictors in the non-AA subset. Conclusions The AUC of ROC curves within various age subgroups tends to be stable; therefore, we are led to believe that a PSA or PSAV cutoff for safely commending discontinuation of PCa screening is not apparent from these data.
In vivo desensitization alteration of lactate-induced panic: A case study

A patient with agoraphobia with panic disorder was successfully treated with in vivo desensitization. Double-blind infusion of sodium lactate prior to behavioral treatment precipitated a panic attack. Reinfusion after treatment was well tolerated. Tolerance to the panic-inducing effect of lactate has been reported previously only after antidepressant medication.
Effects of lattice frequency shift on the multiphonon structure in emission and absorption spectra of solids

Abstract The frequency shift of the interacting lattice mode is shown to give to an intensity of multiphonon components of absorption versus emission spectra. The need for a more detailed analysis of the Bron-Wagner model for the KCl:Eu 2+ system is suggested.
Needle aspiration of the breast

Using a 20- or 22-gauge needle and a 20.0 ml syringe attached to a commercially available syringe pistol, the author performed 853 aspiration biopsies of palpable breast masses during the 9-year period 1974 through 1982. There were 269 diagnoses of breast cancer, 42 suspected cases of cancer, and 496 aspirates reported as benign tumor, inflammation, or another non-neoplastic diagnosis. Twenty-seven cases of carcinoma were not diagnosed from the aspiration biopsy sample. There was one false-positive diagnosis of carcinoma in a patient whose tumor was a cystosarcoma phylloides, benign variant. Forty-six aspirates were considered unsatisfactory, usually because of an insufficient cellular sample. Sensitivity for the diagnosis of breast cancer was 89.0%, while specificity for the absence of breast cancer was 97.0%. Only 13 cases in the group reported as suspicious for carcinoma were proven not to be breast cancer after excisional biopsy and histologic study. The procedure is free of complications, convenient, and cost effective. It provides for evaluation of the patient who has breast cancer on an outpatient basis as well as a full discussion of treatment options prior to intervention.
CLASPing the Cell Cortex

CLASPs are spatially regulated microtubule plus end tracking proteins involved in forming polarized microtubule arrays. Work in this issue of Developmental Cell identifies the protein LL5beta as a key CLASP binding platform that mediates communication between the cell cortex and the microtubule cytoskeleton.
Ocular Enucleation in a Patient with Severe Classic Hemophilia a

A 27-year-old man with severe classic hemophilia A (antihemophilic globulin level: 1.5% of normal) had blunt trauma to his left eye that produced a corneoscleral laceration with prolapse of the intraocular contents. His left eye was enucleated under management with factor VIII replacement. This consisted of sufficient cryoprecipitate to increase the calculated circulating factor VIII level to 125%, sufficient factor VIII every 12 hours to increase peak postinfusion levels from 100 to 120%, and to maintain minimum levels of 30% immediately before infusion. Because he had developed a gingival hematoma when he was placed on epsilon amino caproic acid after only one day of factor VIII replacement following extraction of mandibular molars, we continued the high level of factor VIII replacement for five days and then began antifibrinolytic epsilon amino caproic acid therapy. His surgical and postoperative course were uneventful on this regimen.
Embezzlement: Don't be a victim!

During a recession, everyone looks for ways to augment their income—including corporate fraudsters. Don't be a victim! The authors discuss the motivations for embezzlement and then cover control procedures your company can take to prevent it. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of permethylated, n-hexylamine derivatized oligosaccharides. Application to baculovirus expressed mouse interleukin-3

Reductive amination with n-hexylamine followed by permethylation was used as a procedure for the liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS) analysis of Asn-linked oligosaccharides. Initial experiments with this procedure were performed on maltoheptaose. These experiments show that exhaustive methylation at the newly formed secondary nitrogen forms a quaternary ammonium salt. When this is subjected to positive ion LSIMS, an abundant M(+) ion is observed. This procedure was applied to the Asn-linked oligosaccharides released from human transferrin and ribonuclease-B. The reductively aminated, permethylated mixture of oligosaccharides from ribonuclease-B afforded a positive ion LSI mass spectrum in which M(+) ions for Mans5-9GlcNAc2 could be assigned. The positive ion LSI mass spectrum obtained from the mixture of oligosaccharides isolated from human transferrin showed M(+) ions that could be assigned to both monosialylated and disialylated biantennary complex type oligosaccharides. Reductive amination followed by permethylation of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides isolated from baculovirus expressed mouse interleukin-3 produced in Bombyx mori gave a positive ion LSI mass spectrum in which the oligosaccharides could be assigned the monosaccharide composition Man2-4[Fuc]GlcNAc2 and Man2GlcNAc2. These are believed to be dimannose, trimannose, and tetramannose chitobiose core oligosaccharides, three of which are fucosylated.
Mode of action of the antibiotic X-537A on mitochondrial glutamate oxidation.

Abstract At 0.05 to 0.01 μM concentrations the monocarboxylic acid antibiotic X-537A inhibits ADP or 2,4-dinitrophenol-activated oxidation of glutamate but has no appreciable effect on state 4 respiration. ATP synthetase activity is also inhibited. There is no efflux of Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ from the mitochondria under these conditions. Dissociation of membrane bound Mg 2+ induced by X-537A is reversed and prevented by Mg 2+ + ATP but inhibitory effects of the antibiotic are not. Half maximal effects of X-537A occur when the ratio of X-537A to mitochondrial non-diffusible Mg 2+ is 1 800 to 1 400 . It is proposed that this small fraction of membrane associated Mg 2+ may be at the catalytic site of energy transfer and irreversible inhibition by X-537A is due to hydrophobic complexation of Mg 2+ in situ.
The behavioral assessment of differences in social skill and social anxiety in female college students

Women were selected on the basis of high and low dating frequency, anxiety, and dating satisfaction and were telephoned to participate in three laboratory interactions (videotaped waiting room, videotaped role plays, and peer interaction). In the first two interactions, male assistants judged the female participants on global measures of social skill and social anxiety. Female judges rated the women on the same global measures from videotape. Behavioral measures of social skill and social anxiety were rated from the videotaped interactions for both the male assistant and female subjects. The ratings of female daters by male and female judges revealed significant differences between high- and low-frequency dating groups on global measures of physical attractiveness in the waiting room and role play interactions. There were some significant findings for global measures of social skill, but not for social anxiety. There were few behavioral differences between the two dating groups in these interactions. In the peer interaction, female subjects were able to differentiate high and low dating men, but the men were unable to discriminate the high and low-dating women on these measures.
Significant left ventricular contributions to right ventricular systolic function. Mechanism and clinical implications

Abnormalities ofright ventricular function have beenclassically attributed toprimary abnormalities oftheright ventricular myQcardium, excessive load imposed ontheright ventricular during systole, diastole, orboth, orobstruction toright ventricular inflow. Recent studies, however, havealso suggested that, inaddition totheabove mechanisms, left ventricular function maysignificantly affect right ventricular function. Thisso-called ventricular interdependence isdefined herein astheforces that are transmitted fromoneventricle totheother ventricle through themyocardium andpericardium, independent ofneural, humoral, orcirculatory effects.1 These ventricular independent effects areimmediate as compared withcirculatory changes, whichrequire several beats. Ventricular interdependence isaconsequence oftheclose anatomic association between theventricles: theventricles areencircled bycommonmuscle fibers, share a septal wall, andare enclosed within thepericardium. Inthis article, wewill first briefly review the mechanisms fordiastolic ventricular interaction, followed byamorein-depth review ofrecent data showing theimportance ofsystolic ventricular interaction. Thiswill befollowed byabrief review of several clinical pathophysiologic conditions wherein ventricular interaction isthought tosignificantly influence right ventricular function.
Postural hypoxemia in cystic fibrosis.

We measured arterial blood gases in the sitting and supine position in 33 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Arterial Po2 ranged from 48 to 97 mm Hg in the sitting position and fell by 1 to 23 mm Hg in 26 patients, rose by 1 to 4 mm Hg in five, and was unchanged in two when supine. Mean Po2 change for the group was a 6.5 (±6.8) mm Hg decrease (sitting to supine), and substantial falls were more likely to occur in patients with mild to moderate, rather than severe, obstructive lung disease. There were no significant changes in Pco2 or pH with posture. Postural hypoxemia was not completely explained by greater airway closure as measured by the single-breath nitrogen method in H patients or by worse radiographic change in the upper lung zones. Arterial Po2 should always be compared in the same body position in CF patients, preferably while supine. Postural hypoxemia also may contribute to the lower Po2 at night in CF patients.
Bringing Psychology to Life

Bringing Psychology to Life (BPL) is a set of recitations that engages introductory psychology students by having them develop psychological explanations of events in their lives through use of their textbook and discussions. Given at the outset of the course, BPL is a structured, initial teaching situation for inexperienced teaching assistants (TAs), an icebreaker for both TAs and students, and a vehicle for gaining an early, comprehensive acquaintance with the textbook.
Indians, Archaeologists, and the Future

The most recent encounter between American Indians and archaeologists, over the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (P.L. 101-601), has left hard feelings on both sides. From the Indian point of view, conflict will be inevitable so long as archaeologists maintain a stance that privileges their interests as scientists over all other human considerations. Nonetheless there are some areas where American Indians and archaeologists might develop cooperative ventures, for example, in the investigation of Precolumbian contact and diffusion, and in clarifying the status of sacred sites.
Effect of a refuge from persistent male courtship in the Drosophila laboratory environment

The Drosophila melanogaster laboratory model has been used extensively in studies of sexual conflict because during the process of courtship and mating, males impose several costs upon females (e.g., reduced fecundity). One important difference between the laboratory and the wild is that females in the laboratory lack a spatial refuge from persistent male courtship. Here, we describe two experiments that examine the potential consequences of a spatial refuge for females. In the first experiment, we examined the influence of a spatial refuge on mating rate of females, and in the second one we examined its influence on females' lifetime fecundity. We found that females mated about 25% less often when a spatial refuge was available, but that the absence of a spatial refuge did not substantially increase the level of male-induced harm to females (i.e., sexual conflict).
Electromechanical wave imaging for arrhythmias

Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is a novel ultrasound-based imaging modality for mapping of the electromechanical wave (EW), i.e. the transient deformations occurring in immediate response to the electrical activation. The correlation between the EW and the electrical activation has been established in prior studies. However, the methods used previously to map the EW required the reconstruction of images over multiple cardiac cycles, precluding the application of EWI for non-periodic arrhythmias such as fibrillation. In this study, new imaging sequences are developed and applied based on flash- and wide-beam emissions to image the entire heart at very high frame rates (2000 fps) during free breathing in a single heartbeat. The methods are first validated by imaging the heart of an open-chest canine while simultaneously mapping the electrical activation using a 64-electrode basket catheter. Feasibility is then assessed by imaging the atria and ventricles of closed-chest, conscious canines during sinus rhythm and during right-ventricular pacing following atrio-ventricular dissociation, i.e., during a non-periodic rhythm. The EW was validated against electrode measurements in the open-chest case, and followed the expected electrical propagation pattern in the closed-chest setting. These results indicate that EWI can be used for the characterization of non-periodic arrhythmias in conditions similar to the clinical setting, in a single heartbeat, and during free breathing.
The disappearing agent objection to event-causal libertarianism

The question I raise is whether Mark Balaguer’s event-causal libertarianism can withstand the disappearing agent objection. The concern is that with the causal role of the events antecedent to a decision already given, nothing settles whether the decision occurs, and so the agent does not settle whether the decision occurs. Thus it would seem that in this view the agent will not have the control in making decisions required for moral responsibility. I examine whether Balaguer’s position has the resources to answer this objection.
Thrice-Weekly Clarithromycin-Containing Regimen for Treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii Lung Disease: Results of a Preliminary Study

We initiated a prospective trial of an intermittent clarithromycin-containing regimen for the treatment of patients with Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease. Eighteen patients (10 men and 8 women) with M. kansasii lung disease received a regimen consisting of 500-1000 mg of clarithromycin, 25 mg/kg ethambutol, and 600 mg of rifampin 3 times per week. The primary treatment end point was a 12-month period during which sputum cultures were sterile while the patient was receiving therapy. Four male patients were lost to follow-up, but all of the remaining patients successfully completed therapy without significant drug-related adverse events. The mean time (+/- standard deviation [SD]) to sputum conversion was 1.0+/-0.9 months, and the mean duration (+/-SD) of therapy was 13.4+/-0.9 months. No patient who successfully completed therapy had relapsed after a mean (+/-SD) of 46+/-8.0 months. Clarithromycin- and rifampin-containing regimens offer the possibility of effective short-course and intermittent treatment of M. kansasii lung disease.
Housing quality and child mortality in the rural Philippines.

Factors influencing child survival to age 5 are investigated for a rural sample in lloilo Province Philippines. Considered are construction materials in walls doors windows and floors and the typpes of toilet facilities. 707 women were asked how many children they had borne alive; the sexes and dates of each live birth; whether each child was still living; and if not at what age the child had died. This study focused retrospectively on mortality among 2359 children born between 1960 and 1973. About 4.9% had died before age 5. This is 1/2 of what was observed nationally for rural children in the 1978 fertility survey. Health conditions in rural Iloilo Province may have been more favorable than in other rural parts of the nation. Income generated from shipping lumbering and fish culture may have also contributed to the lower rate of child mortality observed in this sample. The sex ratio of the children was 102 well within the range regarded as typical. A logit regression was employed. Of the 207 girls with low demographic risk and worse quality housing 249 were estimated to survive to age 5 and 18 to die before age 5. Sex was not an important factor in child mortality. Boys and girls had about equal chances of surviving. A social-demographic risk factor commonly linked with infant mortality is breast feeding. Breastfed infants from a number of developing countries have had lower rates of infant mortality. A slightly larger % of nonbreastfed children (96.9%) survived to age 5 than did breastfed children. Living in a poorly constructed dwelling reduced the odds of a childs survival. Estimates from the Brass method showed that the expected probability of children dying before age 5 was .073 and .035 representing life expectancies at birth of 63.4 and 69.9 years.
Function of the GrpE heat shock protein in bidirectional unwinding and replication from the origin of phage lambda.

Abstract The initiation of DNA replication by phage lambda depends on a specialized nucleoprotein structure that provides for the precise localization and activity of the Escherichia coli DnaB helicase at the lambda replication origin. Previous work has shown that the DnaJ and DnaK heat shock proteins function in the initiation pathway by releasing the DnaB helicase from the initiation complex to carry out localized unwinding of origin DNA. This DnaJ.DnaK pathway results in mainly unidirectional DNA unwinding and replication, whereas replication in vivo is mainly bidirectional. Based on recent replication work indicating an important role for the GrpE heat shock protein, we have used electron microscopy to study the action of GrpE in the DNA unwinding and replication reactions. We have found that GrpE acts with DnaJ and DnaK to facilitate the unwinding reaction at low concentrations of DnaK. In the presence of GrpE, bidirectional unwinding occurs in approximately half of the unwound DNA molecules. In addition, GrpE significantly increases the frequency of replication proceeding leftward from the origin. We suggest that reactions including GrpE result in more complete disassembly of the preinitiation nucleoprotein structure, thus allowing replication to proceed in both directions from the origin.
The role of choroidal and retinal biopsies in the diagnosis and management of atypical presentations of uveitis.

enucleation. Conclusion: Retinal and choroidal biopsies can be extremely useful in the diagnosis and further management of atypical, aggressive presentations of uveitis. In this small series, risk of complications was low. However, in patients with an inconclusive biopsy, an additional biopsy or enucleation should be considered in cases that progress or behave atypically on treatment based on the initial biopsy findings.
On the enactability of business protocols

Protocols specifying business interactions among autonomous parties enable reuse and promote interoperability. A protocol is specified from a global viewpoint, but enacted in a distributed manner by (agents playing) different roles. Each role describes a local representation. An ill-specified protocol may yield roles that fail to produce correct enactments of the protocol. Existing approaches lack a formal and comprehensive treatment of this problem. Building on recent work on declaratively specifying a protocol as a set of rules of causal logic, this paper formally defines the enactability of protocols. It presents necessary and sufficient conditions for the enactability of a protocol as well as a decision procedure for extracting correct roles from enactable protocols.
Towards Energy Aware Scheduling for Precedence Constrained Parallel Tasks in a Cluster with DVFS

Reducing energy consumption for high end computing can bring various benefits such as, reduce operating costs, increase system reliability, and environment respect. This paper aims to develop scheduling heuristics and to present application experience for reducing power consumption of parallel tasks in a cluster with the Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique. In this paper, formal models are presented for precedence-constrained parallel tasks, DVFS enabled clusters, and energy consumption. This paper studies the slack time for non-critical jobs, extends their execution time and reduces the energy consumption without increasing the task’s execution time as a whole. Additionally, Green Service Level Agreement is also considered in this paper. By increasing task execution time within an affordable limit, this paper develops scheduling heuristics to reduce energy consumption of a tasks execution and discusses the relationship between energy consumption and task execution time. Models and scheduling heuristics are examined with a simulation study. Test results justify the design and implementation of proposed energy aware scheduling heuristics in the paper.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Police-Reported Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration A Mixed Methods Approach

The objectives of this study were to examine racial and ethnic disparities in perpetrator and incident characteristics and discrepancies between police charges and reported perpetrator behaviors in police-reported intimate partner violence (IPV). This cross-sectional study used standardized police data and victim narratives of IPV incidents reported to the police in Dallas, Texas in 2004. The sample included non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic male perpetrators who were residents of Dallas (N = 4470). Offense charges were prioritized in descending order: sexual assault, aggravated assault, simple assault, kidnapping, robbery, and intimidation. Textual data from the victim narratives were coded, based on the revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS), and categorized in descending order of priority: sexual (severe, minor), physical (severe, minor), and psychological (severe, minor) assault. Perpetrators were more likely to be Black and Hispanic. Perpetrator and incident characteristics varied significantly by race/ethnicity, particularly age, age difference between partners, marital status, injury, and interracial relationships. Qualitative data revealed that greater proportions of Black and Hispanic men perpetrated severe physical, but not sexual violence, compared with White men. The greatest disparity between CTS categories and police charges occurred among those cases identified by the CTS as severe physical IPV; 84% were charged with simple assault. Significant differences by race/ethnicity were found only for simple assault charges, which were coded as severe physical as opposed to minor physical IPV more often among Black (69% and 31%) compared with White (62% and 38%) men. The disparities revealed in this study highlight the need to enhance primary and secondary prevention efforts within Black and Hispanic communities and to increase linkages between police, community, and public health organizations.
A Statistical Approach to Area-Constrained Yield Enhancement for Pipelined Circuits under Parameter Variations

Under inter- and intra-die parameter variations, delay of a pipelined circuit follows a statistical distribution. Hence, a pipelined circuit suffers yield loss with respect to violation of target delay constraint unless an overly pessimistic worst-case design approach is followed. We propose a statistical approach for pipeline design to enhance yield with respect to a target delay under an area budget. Right choice of the number of pipeline stages to enhance yield under an area constraint is addressed using simple statistical yield models. Next, individual stages are designed for maximizing yield under area constraint for the stages. Once the independently optimized stages are combined to form a pipeline, we propose a final global optimization step to improve pipeline yield with no area overhead, based on a concept of area borrowing. Optimization results show that, the proposed statistical design approach for pipeline improves the overall yield up to 12% over conventional design for equal area.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE MOTHER-INFANT RELATIONSHIP TO DISSOCIATIVE, BORDERLINE, AND CONDUCT SYMPTOMS IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD

Recent high-risk longitudinal studies have documented a unique contribution of the quality of the early mother–child relationship to diverse forms of psychopathology in young adulthood, even with family economic status, later traumatic experiences, and some genetic factors controlled. In addition, measures of attachment-related deviations in caregiver–infant interaction predict more than measures of infant attachment behavior alone. This article reviews those findings in the context of cross-disciplinary thinking on the importance of shared subjectivities in human evolution and development and in the context of recent studies beginning to map the intersection between processes of interaction and the development of the child's propensities to share mental states with others.
Error Monitoring by Learning Handicapped Students Engaged in Collaborative Microcomputer-Based Writing.

Eleven learning handicapped students generated text at microcomputers both alone and as members of dyads. Examination of mechanical errors made under these two conditions revealed a lower error rate in the dyad condition. Three alternative hypotheses were offered to explain dyad performance: (1) better performing partners dominated the writing process; (2) participants self-monitored and requested assistance from their partners; or (3) participants monitored input of their partners and offered assistance. Support for all three hypotheses was found. Transcripts of the social interactions revealed differential degrees of cooperative behavior and involvement in the writing task among the learning handicapped students. The microcomputer proved to be useful as a context for writing in that the “public,” on-screen availability of the text enabled participation by both members of the dyad in text generation and editing. The relationship between error monitoring and the social interaction needed for collaboration...
Evaluation of a canola protein concentrate as a replacement for fishmeal and poultry by-product meal in a commercial production diet for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an important cultured carnivorous species that, in the past, has not tolerated high levels of most plant protein feed ingredients in their diet. In order to increase efficiency and production to meet global demand, new sources of protein must be incorporated into the aquafeeds. A 38-week feeding trial was conducted at the National Cold Water Marine Aquaculture Center (Franklin, ME, USA) with juvenile Atlantic salmon (133 g per fish, initial weight) to determine the effect of feeding graded levels of canola protein concentrate (CPC) in a commercial-type diet. A commercial diet (Signature Salmon 3.5 mm, Northeast Nutrition, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada) was modified and analyzed by the manufacturer to contain 10% or 20% canola protein concentrate, replacing fishmeal and poultry by-product meal. Fish fed diet containing 20% canola protein concentrate had significantly lower growth compared with those fed 0% canola protein concentrate diet (p = 0.04). There was not any significant difference in feed efficiency (p = 0.22) or protein efficiency ratio (p = 0.21). There was not a significant difference in growth comparing the salmon fed the 0% CPC and the 10% CPC diets (p > 0.05). Canola protein concentrate significantly depressed growth when included in the diet at 20%, but not at 10%, indicating that canola may be used as a minor feed ingredient when available.
Lipoprotein inflammatory properties and serum amyloid A levels but not cholesterol levels predict lesion area in cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Rabbits on a 1% cholesterol diet received injections of vehicle with or without D-4F or L-4F. After 1 month, the percent of aorta with atherosclerotic lesions was 24 ± 15% (vehicle), 10 ± 6% (D-4F) (P
Precursor Morphology Effects in Combustion-Synthesized and Dynamically Consolidated Titanium Carbide and Titanium Boride

The combustion synthesis/dynamic consolidation (CS/DC) technique was applied to titanium–carbon and titanium–boron mixtures with different initial precursor carbon and boron powder morphologies. The evolution of the CS/DC product structure was investigated by analyzing and comparing the combustion synthesis products following three fabrication process steps: reacted loose powders, reacted green compacts, and reacted green compacts which were dynamically consolidated shortly after the synthesis. In all cases, the purity of the precursor carbon and boron powders was found to affect the residual porosity of the products. However, the dependence of the resultant product grain morphology on the morphology of the precursors was not as straightforward. Correlations between the respective product structures and possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Working Relationships Of IS Professionals And End Users: Testing Discrepancy Theory

Information systems (IS) services frequently fail to meet expectations of management and end users, in terms of budget, schedule, or requirements. Such failures may be attributed to the unique viewpoint and expectations of each set of stakeholders. A multidimensional measure of IS performance is used to examine the differences in expectations and perceptions of outcomes of IS professionals and two groups of end users – accountant end users and non-accountant end users. Results show that accountant end users have greater expectations than non-accountant end users, but similar expectations to IS professionals. Results show that performance was rated higher by IS professionals than either accountant-users or non-accountant users. Finally, discrepancy theory was tested with an ANOVA model to confirm that positive discrepancy (where outcomes exceed expectations) is associated with greater satisfaction for both stakeholder groups.
Bioeconomics and biodiversity in harvested metacommunities : a patch-occupancy approach

We develop a coupled economic-metacommunity model to investigate the trade-off between diversity and profit for multispecies systems. The model keeps track of the presence or absence of species in habitat patches. With this approach, it becomes (relatively) simple to include more species than can typically be included in models that track species population density. We use this patch-occupancy framework to understand how profit and biodiversity are impacted by (1) community assembly, (2) pricing structures that value species equally or unequally, and (3) the implementation of marine reserves. We find that when local communities assemble slowly as a result of facilitative colonization, there are lower profits and optimal harvest rates, but the trade-off with diversity may be either large or small. The trade-off is diminished if later colonizing species are more highly valued than early colonizers. When the cost of harvesting is low, maximizing profits tends to sharply reduce biodiversity and maximizing diversity entails a large harvesting opportunity cost. In the models we analyze, marine reserves are never economically optimal for a profit-maximizing owner. However, management using marine reserves may provide low-cost biodiversity protection if the community is over-harvested.
Effect of moisture content on CIE color values in dried apricots

The color change in dried apricots at various moisture contents was studied. Dried apricots originally at 19.32% moisture were first dried to 15.49% and then rehydrated to 20.10%, 25.21% and finally 30.20% moisture levels. The CIE L*, a*, and b* color variables were measured to determine the color of dried apricots, and C* (chroma) and h* (hue) values were calculated from a* and b* values. A linear relationship was found between the color variables and moisture contents at 15.49–30.20%. As the moisture content increased, the L* (lightness), b* (yellowness), C* and h* color values increased while the a* (redness) value decreased for the dried apricots at all moisture levels. Results showed that the moisture content of dried fruits should be specified once the reflectance color variables are reported.
The 'Becoming' of Dynamic Capabilities: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurs

For most entrepreneurs the key question is not whether they have certain resources to accomplish their goals, but whether they can create, extend or modify necessary resources for competitive advantage. The latter is now referred to as dynamic capabilities (Helfat et al., 2007). Even though many researchers (e.g. Helfat et al., 2007: 5) are contributing to the dynamic capabilities approach (Easterby et al., 2009; McKelvie & Davidsson, 2009; Helfat & Peteraf, 2009), still there is a rather limited empirical understanding of the how these dynamic capabilities develop and how these link to a firm’s performance.This paper describes a research program on the actual coming into being of a firm’s resources - creation, extension, and modification - within their context through time thus highlighting the becoming of dynamic capabilities. Using a process model of 'social becoming' the resources and dynamic capabilities of 10 biotech start-ups in the greater Lake Geneva region (Switzerland) will be analyzed using an experimental natural language understanding system to analyze the data making researcher independent data-analysis for the first time a possibility.