cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tweet Emotion Mapping: Understanding US Emotions in Time and Space

Twitter is one of the most popular social media platform where users post their views and emotions on a regular basis. Consequently, Twitter tweets have become a valuable knowledge source for emotion analysis. In this paper, we present a new framework for tweet emotion mapping and emotion change analysis. It introduces a novel, generic spatio-temporal data analysis and storytelling framework and its architecture. The input for our approach are the location and time were and when the tweets were posted and an emotion assessment score in [-1, +1], with +1 denoting a very positive emotion and -1 a very negative emotion. Our first step is to segment the input dataset into batches with each batch containing tweets that occur in a specific time interval, for example weekly, monthly or daily. Next, by generalizing existing kernel density estimation techniques, we transform each batch into a continuous function that takes positive and negative values. Next, we use contouring algorithms to find contiguous regions with highly positive and highly negative emotions for each of the batch. After that, we apply a generic, change analysis framework that monitors how positive and negative emotion regions evolve over time. In particularly, using this framework unary and binary change predicate are defined and matched against the identified spatial clusters, and change relationships will then be recorded, for those spatial clusters for which a match occurred. Finally, we propose animation techniques to facilitate spatio-temporal data storytelling based on the obtained spatio-temporal data analysis results. We demo our approach using tweets collected in the state of New York in June 2014.
Resistance to diet induced obesity in the apolipoprotein E deficient mouse is associated with an attenuated transcriptional response in visceral fat

ABSTRACT The apolipoprotein E knockout (EKO) mouse is a well-established model of atherosclerosis. Macrophages in the arterial intima of EKO mice serve a protective role, scavenging oxidatively modified LDL in order to protect cells from toxic free cholesterol. Recent studies have highlighted a similar role for macrophage foam cells in restraining the increased rates of lipolysis in adipose tissue of obese and fasting mice. Interestingly, EKO adipocytes have been shown to have increased rates of lipolysis in vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine how apoE deficiency might alter the transcriptional response of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to high fat diet (HFD). EKO mice fed HFD for 24 weeks gained less fat mass and were more insulin sensitive than their wild type (WT) littermates. Metabolic cages showed that HFD EKO mice had increased post-prandial oxygen consumption and increased serum β-hydroxybutyrate. DNA microarrays revealed that EKO VAT was comparatively insensitive to HFD in terms of alterations in gene expression, with only 0.1% of probe sets differentially expressed. In contrast, the VAT of WT mice had a 30 fold more extensive alteration in gene expression (3% of probes sets), characterized predominantly by increased expression of immune cell specific genes. In addition, analysis of a priori determined gene sets revealed broad down-regulation of PPARγ target and fatty acid catabolism genes in WT VAT, and increased expression of lipid storage and cholesterol synthesis genes. In comparison, expression of PPARγ target genes was not down-regulated in EKO VAT and expression of fatty acid oxidation genes was increased. In summary, we report three novel findings with regards to metabolism in the EKO mouse: 1) increased post-prandial oxygen consumption, 2) increased serum β hydroxybutyrate concentrations and 3) a dramatically less robust transcriptional response to HFD in EKO VAT. These findings suggest that limiting adipocyte exposure to dietary fatty acids may be an attractive therapy for diet induced obesity, provided that compensatory mechanisms that prevent hyperlipidemia can be activated.
Design and Form: Organizational

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by I. Palmer, R. Dunford, volume 5, pp. 3535–3538, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
BRCA1 Deficiency Upregulates NNMT, Which Reprograms Metabolism and Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Mitochondrial Metabolic Targeting Agents.

BRCA1 plays a key role in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair. Accordingly, changes that downregulate BRCA1, including BRCA1 mutations and reduced BRCA1 transcription, due to promoter hypermethylation or loss of the BRCA1 transcriptional regulator CDK12, disrupt HR in multiple cancers. In addition, BRCA1 has also been implicated in the regulation of metabolism. Here, we showed that reducing BRCA1 expression, either by CDK12 or BRCA1 depletion, led to metabolic reprogramming of ovarian cancer cells, causing decreased mitochondrial respiration and reduced ATP levels. BRCA1 depletion drove this reprogramming by upregulating NNMT (nicotinamide N-methyltransferase). Notably, the metabolic alterations caused by BRCA1 depletion and NNMT upregulation sensitized ovarian cancer cells to agents that inhibit mitochondrial metabolism (VLX600 and tigecycline) and to agents that inhibit glucose import (WZB117). These observations suggest that inhibition of energy metabolism may be a potential strategy to selectively target BRCA1-deficient high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is characterized by frequent BRCA1 loss and NNMT overexpression.
Conclusions & Future Directions

Hopefully by the time of you have finished reading this text and book you feel a little more confident and comfortable about both the emerging technologies themselves as well as the applications and implementation issues that may arise along the way. No single book or manuscript is ever going to be able to cover or effectively address the full scope of how technology or other changes will be changing the profession going forward. The buzzwords of the day do seem to focus on technology and technology applications, including blockchain, artificial intelligence, robotic process automation, and other automation software packages, but that does not mean that these will always be the force driving disruption and change in the financial services landscape. As mentioned previously, if the clock was dialed back to the early or even mid-1990s the terms that are driving change and innovation throughout the business landscape would be more related to the internet or cellular technology.
Teacher Candidates' Perspectives on the Value of a Site-Based Methods Course

In the field of teacher education, the disconnect between university-based coursework and practical field experiences has long been a concern. To make teacher preparation coursework more meaningful...
The road from cytotoxins to immunohistochemistry.

This review article traces the immunohistochemistry ancestry of cytotoxins as antibodies. The immunohistochemistry success, as a diagnostic and research test, stood on the shoulders of negative and...
Standardized Platelet Rich Plasma Injections for Osteoarthritis of the Knee.

Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) injections are non-surgical treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of serial PRP with or without ADSC injections in the treatment of refractory OA of the knee. Design Patients who failed to achieve pain relief with conventional non-surgical treatments, with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 or 4 knee OA, were recruited from a private outpatient clinic. Over 67 patients were elected to receive serial PRP injections and 22 patients were elected to receive an ADSC+PRP injection. These patients completed Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) surveys prior to each treatment and at follow-up appointments. These surveys were retrospectively reviewed to assess changes in functional status and pain over time. Results Twenty-nine patients from the PRP group and eight patients in the ADSC+PRP group had adequate follow-up for inclusion in the analysis. The PRP group had an improvement in WOMAC scores by 34.30%, 60.2%, and 58.5% for patients reporting at 1-3, 4-6, and >6 months of follow-up. The ADSC+PRP group experienced an improvement of 51% at an average of 4.66 months of follow-up. Conclusions Serial PRP injections and a single ADSC+PRP injection yield improved and sustained functional outcome scores for patients with severe, refractory OA of the knee. Future studies should consider consistent orthobiologic preparation protocols to ensure reproducibility.
Integrated substance use and prenatal care delivery in the era of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has directly impacted integrated substance use and prenatal care delivery in the United States and has driven a rapid transformation from in-person prenatal care to a hybrid telemedicine care model. Additionally, changes in regulations for take home dosing for methadone treatment for opioid use disorder due to COVID-19 have impacted pregnant and postpartum women. We review the literature on prenatal care models and discuss our experience with integrated substance use and prenatal care delivery during COVID-19 at New England's largest safety net hospital and national leader in substance use care. In our patient-centered medical home for pregnant and postpartum patients with substance use disorder, patients' early responses to these changes have been overwhelmingly positive. Should clinicians continue to use these models, thoughtful planning and further research will be necessary to ensure equitable access to the benefits of telemedicine and take home dosing for all pregnant and postpartum patients with substance use disorder.
Postintubation Decline in Oxygen Saturation Index Predicts Mortality in COVID-19: A Retrospective Pilot Study.

<!-- named anchor --> Background Acute respiratory failure from COVID-19 pneumonia is a major cause of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We investigated whether PaO 2/FiO 2, oxygenation index (OI), SpO 2/FiO 2, and oxygen saturation index (OSI), commonly used to assess the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can predict mortality in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. <!-- named anchor --> Methods In this single-centered retrospective pilot study, we enrolled 68 critically ill mechanically ventilated adult patients with confirmed COVID-19. Physiological variables were recorded on the day of intubation (day 0) and postintubation days 3 and 7. The association between physiological parameters, PaO 2/FiO 2, OI, SpO 2/FiO 2, and OSI with mortality was assessed using multiple variable logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of the predictive models. <!-- named anchor --> Results The ARDS severity indices were not statistically different on the day of intubation, suggesting similar baseline conditions in nonsurviving and surviving patients. However, these indices were significantly worse in the nonsurviving as compared to surviving patients on postintubation days 3 and 7. On intubation day 3, PaO 2/FiO 2 was 101.0 (61.4) in nonsurviving patients vs. 140.2 (109.6) in surviving patients, p=0.004, and on day 7 106.3 (94.2) vs. 178.0 (69.3), p < 0.001. OI was 135.0 (129.7) in nonsurviving vs. 84.8 (86.1) in surviving patients ( p=0.003) on day 3 and 150.0 (118.4) vs. 61.5 (46.7) ( p < 0.001) on day 7. OSI was 12.0 (11.7) vs. 8.0 (10.0) ( p=0.006) on day 3 and 14.7 (13.2) vs. 6.5 (5.4) ( p < 0.001) on day 7. Similarly, SpO 2/FiO 2 was 130 (90) vs. 210 (90) ( p=0.003) on day 3 and 130 (90) vs. 230 (50) ( p < 0.001) on day 7, while OSI was 12.0 (11.7) vs. 8.0 (10.0) ( p=0.006) on day 3 and 14.7 (13.2) vs. 6.5 (5.4) ( p < 0.001) on day 7 in the nonsurviving and surviving patients, respectively. All measures were independently associated with hospital mortality, with significantly greater odds ratios observed on day 7. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for mortality prediction was greatest on intubation day 7 (AUC = 0.775, 0.808, and 0.828 for PaO 2/FiO 2, OI, SpO 2/FiO 2, and OSI, respectively). <!-- named anchor --> Conclusions Decline in oxygenation indices after intubation is predictive of mortality in COVID-19 patients. This time window is critical to the outcome of these patients and a possible target for future interventions. Future large-scale studies to confirm the prognostic value of the indices in COVID-19 patients are warranted.
Cognitive dysfunction prevalence and associated factors in older breast cancer survivors

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and factors associated with objective and subjective cognitive dysfunction in older breast cancer survivors (BCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study leveraged previously collected data from older BCS (n = 335). Separate linear regression models were used to determine relationships between demographic factors (age, education), medical factors (comorbidities), disease factors (time since diagnosis, cancer stage), cancer-related symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance) and cognitive dysfunction measures, including objective learning, delayed recall, attention, executive function-working memory, verbal fluency and subjective attentional function. RESULTS Cognitive dysfunction was prevalent with up to 18.6% of older BCS experiencing mild-moderate dysfunction (1.5 standard deviations below mean of non-cancer controls) in at least one cognitive domain. Poor to moderate subjective attentional function was reported by 26% of older BCS. More depressive symptoms were significantly related to poorer cognitive function including learning (p < .01), delayed recall (p < .05), verbal fluency (p < .001), and subjective attentional function (p < .001) but not attention and executive function-working memory. Age, education, anxiety, and fatigue were also negatively associated with cognitive function in some models (p < .05-0.001). CONCLUSION Cognitive dysfunction is common among older BCS and depressive symptoms, anxiety, and fatigue are related factors. Importantly, depressive symptoms were not only related to self-report, but also to cognitive performance. Healthcare providers should be aware of and assess for related factors and cognitive dysfunction itself in older BCS even years after diagnosis and treatment thorough geriatric assessment. Future longitudinal research is needed to discern these relationships.
Value-Based Care in Nephrology: The Kidney Care Choices Model and Other Reforms

The Advancing American Kidney Health (AAKH) initiative has reinvigorated the focus on improving the care of patients with advanced CKD. Multiple interventions have been planned, focusing on education campaigns for both clinicians and patients, delaying the progression of kidney disease and improving utilization of home dialysis modalities and kidney transplantation. Value-based care models for patients with advanced kidney disease are being rolled out, with the ESKD treatment choices model starting in January 2021, and the Kidney Care Choices model planned to start in January 2022. There is increasing emphasis on the role of the nephrologist as the “captain of the ship,” leading efforts in care coordination as physician leaders. The transplant reforms have focused on changes to organ procurement organizations aiming to increase availability of organs, and transplants performed, both deceased and living donor, and removing financial disincentives from live organ donation. The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) and the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) are partnering with the Department of Health and Human Services to develop educational material for clinicians and patients. In this review, we discuss these reforms, potential challenges that have arisen, and potential solutions, with emphasis on the Kidney Care Choices model.
Do open streets initiatives impact local businesses? The case of Sunday Streets in San Francisco, California

Abstract Background Ciclovias, known in the U.S. as open streets initiatives, close streets to vehicles to increase open space and physical activity opportunities for local communities. In San Francisco, California, the open streets initiative known as Sunday Streets, was founded in 2008 to promote bicycle use in neighborhoods most underserved for recreational resources and experiencing higher than average burden of chronic diseases. In addition to health impacts, open streets initiatives create an opportunity for greater business activity along the routes. This relatively less explored outcome is the focus of this paper. Methods Impacts on businesses along Sunday Streets routes were estimated from survey data collected on the types of businesses, revenue, customer activity, level of engagement with the initiative as well as employment. Results Overall there was a modest increase in business activity along Sunday Streets routes with increases in revenue, customer activity and sales as well as employment, demonstrating an unintended outcome for a program originally intended for improving health behaviors. Conclusions Sunday Streets increased business activity along its routes. Engaged businesses perceived greater benefits. Merchant engagement with open streets initiatives offers additional community benefits.
Explaining the United States’ Penal Exceptionalism: Political, Economic, and Social Factors

In this review, I examine explanations for why the United States is a world leader in its use of imprisonment. I first outline cross-national trends in incarceration and then evaluate the state of the literature and empirical evidence for why the United States is more punitive than other advanced industrialized nations. I argue a confluence of political, economic, and social factors distinct to the United States context are implicated in the punitive turn in the 1970s. Specifically, United States’ penal exceptionalism is the result of (1) a shift of criminal justice policy from the judicial to the legislative branch of government; (2) political responses to social and economic changes including deindustrialization and the upheaval of race relations in the 1960s; and (3) a weak welfare state. These changes stand in stark contrast to the dynamics of criminal justice policymaking among comparable nations. However, there is a need for more comparative research on the topic, as understanding the mechanism behind the stabilization or decrease of penal populations in other countries may better elucidate the reasons for America’s divergence from international trends.
Analysis Methods of Carotenoids

This chapter discusses methods of carotenoid analysis, including sample preparation, UV/Visible spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA), and separation of optical isomers. Additionally, this chapter focuses on methodologies of the last 10 years including separation of cis/trans geometrical isomers, liquid chromatography– tandem nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), separation and identification of carotenoid metabolites, use of stable isotopes of carotenoids, and Raman resonance spectroscopy. This current and comprehensive review emphasizes techniques used for both foodandbiological samples and focuses on the analysis ofb-carotene,a-carotene, lycopene, b-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin.
Foucauldian Cautions on the Subject and the Educative Implications of Contingent Identity

Foucauldian theories of identity have been of particular use to AIDS educators, primarily those engaged in educating adults. Their experiences with the inefficacy of risk group-directed education and the disjunctures of identity and activity categories highlighted the contingent and shifting meaning of identity and the shortcomings of using identity categories in stable and certain ways. Similarly, educators have noted the tension in a definition of childhood as innocence and adolescence as abstinent. These, too, are identity categories where activity within the groups does not conform to what are taken by some curricula to be founding elements of that identity. These and other implications of contingent and nonfoundational identity would be useful to educators addressing children and adolescents, not only in the context of sexuality, but identity in general. Interrogating the constitution of the subject within and by power has been taken by some to indicate the end of the subject as well as the end of agency. The task of this paper will be to show the usefulness of cautions about the “subject.” In addition, I will suggest educative applications of contingent conceptions of identity. Foucault suggests that identity has come to be a central means of the constitution of the subject. But, as Foucault warns, the subject has a dual nature: the subject is the starting point of agency and the subject is subjected to categories and power that constrain as much as enable its action. Non-foundational and contingent conceptions of identity raise this dynamic as a central problem to be examined and negotiated.
Foreign Plants and Industry Productivity: Evidence from Chile

This paper presents new evidence on foreign plants and their effects on a host industry. I test the predictions of a Melitz-type model using a panel of domestic and foreign plants in the Chilean manufacturing sector. Foreign ownership is a strong predictor of plant productivity and size advantages. Moreover, productivity gains for a domestic incumbent are positively associated with foreign plants' presence in the same industry and region. I also find a positive correlation between foreign entry and exit of less productive domestic plants, but inconclusive evidence on the effects on productivity of new domestic plants.
Transmission blocking probability in ad hoc networks using cooperative diversity

The transmission blocking probability (TBP) quality of service metric for wireless ad hoc networks is determined analytically for networks using cooperative diversity. The TBP is determined using Markov analysis and trunking theory. This metric is then compared with previous work on the TBP for ad hoc networks that do not communicate with the aid of a relay. Numerical results show that using cooperative diversity does not increase the network transmission blocking probability.
Mobility-Tolerant, Efficient Multicast in Mobile Cloud Applications

Interactive mobile applications require a highly available multicast service for information dissemination and collaboration, while being able to withstand mobility-induced network connectivity problems. However, efficient and reliable wireless multicast has remained a difficult challenge. We propose a novel wireless multicast scheme that allows more efficient and mobility-proof multicast in mobile cloud environments. Our scheme uses a distributed caching and deferred acknowledgement (ACK) technique to reduce delivery ACK traffic during a multicast session. Packets with pending ACK are cached in selected network nodes to provide fast re-delivery. A distributed multicast tree construction algorithm is also utilized to provide fast topology repair under dynamic network conditions. The tree maintenance requires each node to keep track of its 2-hop neighborhood connectivity. Our scheme’s ability to overcome frequent network topology changes leads to a low message exchange overhead to correct local topology errors.
Micro-array analysis of the effect of post-transurethral bladder tumor resection urine on transforming growth factor-β1 dependent gene expression in transitional cell carcinoma

Abstract Introduction and Objectives Prior studies have shown that bladder trauma occurring during transurethral bladder tumor resection increases urinary levels of the cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. This study used complementary deoxyribonucleic acid micro-array technology to identify additional genes in human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), whose expression is altered as a consequence of increased urinary levels of TGF-β1. Methods The human TCC line 253J was cultured in standard media, or media spiked with either 10% post-transurethral bladder tumor resection urine (PTU), or PTU and anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. Messenger ribonucleic acid from these conditions, together with messenger ribonucleic acid from stably transfected 253J cells over-expressing TGF-β1, was hybridized with ATLAS® micro-array membranes (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) containing 588 human genes. Hybridization signal intensity was quantified using phospho-imaging. An analytic strategy based on the variance in the signal intensity ratio of specific housekeeping genes in control and experimental comparisons was used to identify significant changes in gene expression. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of target genes was used to confirm gene over-expression and TGF-β1 responsiveness. Results Seven genes were identified on micro-array: v-RAF-1, colony stimulating factor-1 receptor, v-FGR, insulin growth factor-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, α5 integrin, and interferon receptor-1. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed over-expression in the autocrine TGF-β1 producing cell line and increased expression in response to exogenous TGF-β1. Conclusions TGF-β1 in PTU alters the expression of multiple genes in human TCC in vitro. The impact of these changes on the biologic phenotype of the malignant cell and the efficacy of adjuvant therapies requires further evaluation.
Cognitive neuroscience: sensory noise drives bad decisions.

The philosopher Albert Camus once said, “Life is the sum of all your choices”. Work using an innovative experimental design in humans and rats shows that many of the errors in those choices come from the senses, not from cognition.
The modeler's workspace: a distributed digital library for neuroscience

Abstract The amount of available data in the neuroscience community is growing rapidly, and is approaching the point where researchers can no longer keep up. This paper describes the development of the Modeler’s Workspace, a digital library system we are building to improve the researcher’s means of accessing, managing and sharing neuroscience data. The Workspace consists of a distributed system of heterogeneous databases, and a Java front-end for data mining and visualization. A three-tier architecture with CORBA as the middleware facilitates database federation. We discuss our design choices, and some sociological issues, such as how to encourage data submission and ensure security and quality control.
Velocity Measurements in a PEM Fuel Cell Manifold and Individual Cells Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Detailed measurements of flow through a model of a PEM fuel cell stack were made using Particle Image Velocimetry. The objective was to obtain high caliber sets of velocity fields in both the inlet manifold and within the cells over a range of Reynolds numbers in order to demonstrate relationships between flow distributions in the manifold and those along the cells of the stack. A scaled up model was built and placed in a wind tunnel under uniform inlet flow conditions. Using the PIV technique, instantaneous flowfields were captured and ensemble averaged to obtain mean and fluctuating velocity statistics. Reynolds numbers associated with operating conditions in the range of three to nine stoichs were studied in the experiments. Examination of instantaneous velocity distributions in the manifold demonstrated the existence of complex fluid motions towards the aft, resulting in increased velocity fluctuations in this region. Velocity fluctuations within the cells were also found to increase towards the aft of the stack. The inlet to the cells was characterized by a relatively large region of flow separation, which was strongest towards the front of the stack, but still persisted in cells towards the aft of the stack.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Computational issues of generalized fiducial inference

Generalized fiducial inference is closely related to the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. It is a general methodology for constructing a distribution on a (possibly vector-valued) model parameter without the use of any prior distribution. The resulting distribution is called the generalized fiducial distribution, which can be applied to form estimates and confidence intervals for the model parameter. Previous studies have shown that such estimates and confidence intervals possess excellent frequentist properties. Therefore it is useful and advantageous to be able to calculate the generalized fiducial distribution, or at least to be able to simulate a random sample of the model parameter from it. For a small class of problems this generalized fiducial distribution can be analytically derived, while for some other problems its exact form is unknown or hard to obtain. A new computational method for conducting generalized fiducial inference without knowing the exact closed form of the generalized fiducial distribution is proposed. It is shown that this computational method enjoys desirable theoretical and empirical properties. Consequently, with this proposed method the applicability of generalized fiducial inference is enhanced.
SMOOTH FUNCTIONS INVARIANT UNDER THE ACTION OF A COMPACT LIE GROUP

be a compact Lie group acting orthogonally on IX”. By classical theorem of Hilbert ([14], p. 274), the algebra P((w”)G of G-invariant polynomials on Iw” is finitely generated. Let p,, . . . , pk be generators and let p = (p,, . . . , pk) denote the corresponding map from [w” to Dg’. The square of the radius function on Iw” is a proper map, and it is a polynomial in the pi’s Hence p is proper. Since P((w”)’ separates the orbits of G and since the orbit space IF/G is locally compact Hausdorff ([3], p. 38), p induces a homeomorphism p’ of [W”/G with the closed semi-algebraic subset p([w”) of [w” ([l], p. 100). lR”/G can be given a “smooth structure” by defining a function on KY/G to be smooth if it pulls back to a smooth function on R”, and p(Iw”) has a smooth structure defined by restricting the C” functions 6(Rk) on DBk to p([w”). It has been conjectured that p is an isomorphism of [W”/G and p([w”) together with their smooth structures. The conjecture is known in some special cases and it has proved useful in obtaining classification theorems for certain types of smooth group actions ([3], Ch. VI; [4]). Of course, the conjecture is equivalent to THEOREM 1.
Autonomous helicopter formation using model predictive control

Formation ∞ight is the primary movement technique for teams of helicopters. However, the potential for accidents is greatly increased when helicopter teams are required to ∞y in tight formations and under harsh conditions. The starting point for safe autonomous ∞ight formations is to design a distributed control law attenuating external disturbances coming into a formation, so that each vehicle can safely maintain su‐cient space between it and all other vehicles. In order to avoid the conservative nature inherent in distributed MPC algorithms, we begin by designing a stable MPC for individual vehicles, and then introducing carefully designed inter-agent coupling terms in each performance index. The proposed algorithm works in a decentralized manner, and is applied to the problem of helicopter formations comprised of heterogenous vehicles. The disturbance attenuation property of the proposed MPC controller is validated throughout a series of computer simulations.
Carbon Sequestration in Rangelands Interseeded with Yellow-Flowering Alfalfa (Medicago sativa ssp. falcata)

Management practices can significantly influence carbon sequestration by rangeland ecosystems. Grazing, burning, and fertilization have been shown to increase soil carbon storage in rangeland soils of the Great Plains. Research was initiated in 2001 in northwestern South Dakota to evaluate the role of interseeding a legume, Medicago sativa ssp. falcata, in northern mixed-grass rangelands on carbon sequestration. Sampling was undertaken on a chronosequence of sites interseeded in 1998, 1987, and 1965 as well as immediately adjacent untreated native rangeland sites. Soil organic carbon exhibited an increase of 4% in the 1998, 8% in the 1987, and 17% in the 1965 interseeding dates compared to their respective native untreated rangeland sites. Nitrogen fixation by the legume led to significant increases in total soil nitrogen and increased forage production in the interseeded treatments. Increases in organic carbon mass in this rangeland ecosystem can be attributed to the increase in soil organic carbon storage and the increased aboveground biomass resulting from the increased nitrogen in the ecosystem. The practice of interseeding adaptable cultivars of alfalfa into native rangelands may help in the mitigation of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhance the long-term sustainability of the ecosystem.
A solution to the problem of variational collapse for the one-particle Dirac equation.

The problem of variational collapse for one-particle Dirac Hamiltonians ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{Dirac}}$ is solved by applying the Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle to the operator 1/${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{Dirac}}$ instead of to the Dirac Hamiltonian itself. The variational trial functions \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}〉 are taken to have the form \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\varphi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}〉=${\mathit{H}}_{\mathrm{Dirac}}$\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\psi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}〉, where \ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\psi}\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}〉 is a linear combination of basis functions.
Salmonella and Other Enterobacteriaceae Found in Commercial Poultry Feed

Poultry feed (mash and pelleted) and meat and bone meal samples were collected from commercial mills. All samples were analyzed for Enterobacteriaceae count (ENT) and Salmonella. The genus and species of the various Enterobacteriaceae present were also determined. The average ENT for mash, pelleted, and meal samples was log 4.1, .8, and 1.8/g, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae were present in 100, 60, and 92% and Salmonella in 58, 0, and 92% of the mash, pelleted, and meal samples, respectively. Overall, the Enterobacteriaceae most frequently isolated from all samples were Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Although no Salmonella were found in the pelleted samples, the presence of other Enterobacteriaceae suggests that commercial pelleting may not totally destroy Salmonella since their heat resistance is similar to the other organisms found.
Shaping the future of complementary and alternative therapies for critical care nursing

Nurses from across the country gathered at the Nursing Summit to consider nurses' roles in providing complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) to achieve optimal patient outcomes. The implications to critical care nurses and recommendations for action are discussed.
Circuit Board Layout for Automotive Electronics

EMC and environmental requirements placed on automotive electronics present unique board layout challenges. This paper discusses component placement and trace routing strategies for circuit boards that will be used in automotive applications.
Spin crossover-coupled electron transfer of [M(tacn)(2)](3+/2+) complexes (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni).

The role of spin state equilibria on the thermodynamics of electron transfer in [M(tacn)2]3+/2+ complexes (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) was examined using density functional theory at the B3LYP*/cc-pVTZ(-f) level coupled to a continuum solvation model to afford excellent agreement between computed and experimental redox properties. An intuitive explanation of the previously observed nonperiodic trend in reduction potentials, which display a sawtooth pattern along the first-row transition metal series, is offered utilizing a novel diagrammatic illustration of the relationship between spin state energetics and reduction potentials. This representation leads to a generalized proposal for analyzing and designing nearly isoenergetic spin states of transition metals in a given ligand environment. A new ligand specific parameter α that allows for quantifying the differential reduction potential as a function of the metal identity is introduced, and a novel protocol is presented that di...
Is theoretical physics the same thing as mathematics

Abstract The growing realization that the fundamental mathematical structure underlying superstring models is closely related to Langlands’ program for the unification of mathematics suggests that the relationship between theoretical physics and mathematics is more intimate than previously thought. We show that quantum mechanics can be interpreted as a canonical method for solving pattern recognition problems, which suggests that mathematics is really just a reflection of the fundamental laws of physics.
Collection development as a social process

Abstract This case study examines social influences in collection development. It shows that individuals’ ideologies and political agenda shape their impression of user needs and their decision making. The study also reveals how the institution’s operating structures, campus politics of interdisciplinarity, personnel deployment, and aspiration for prestige dominate collection development.
Science Fiction, Forbidden Planet, and Shakespeare's The Tempest

In his paper, "Science Fiction, Forbidden Planet, and Shakespeare's The Tempest," Simone Caroti illustrates the way in which Cyril Hume and Fred Wilcox's 1956 science fiction movie Forbidden Planet -whose plot is inspired by Shakespeare's Tempest -reconfigures in Shakespeare's play. Caroti begins by defining the genre of science fiction and explaining its attraction for modern audiences. Following Darko Suvin's notions of science fiction, Caroti highlights the theme of cognitive estrangement and shows how Forbidden Planet offers a cultural translation of this theme in The Tempest. The result of Caroti's analysis is to read Prospero and his magic in contemporary terms: the film translates Shakespeare's sense of wonder and the conflict between the rational interpretive self and the forces of the irrational into a search for truth and an understanding of the place of humanity in the universe. Simone Caroti, "Science Fiction, Forbidden Planet, and Shakespeare’s The Tempest" page 2 of 12 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 6.1 (2004):
Correlation of alloy microstructure with oxidation behavior in chromia-forming intermetallic-reinforced Cr alloys

The oxidation behavior of the Cr(X) solid solution and intermetallic Cr2X Laves phases (X = Nb, Ta) was studied individually and in combination at 1,100°C in humid air. The two-phase Cr(Ta) + Cr2Ta alloys exhibited superior oxidation resistance to either the single-phase Cr(Ta) or the single-phase Cr2Ta alloys. However, the two-phase Cr(Nb) + Cr2Nb alloys exhibited lower oxidation resistance than either the single-phase Cr(Nb) or Cr2Nb alloys. The two-phase Cr(Ta) + Cr2Ta alloys were also found to exhibit superior oxidation resistance to the two-phase Cr(Nb) + Cr2Nb alloys. This was hypothesized to be related to the lower amount of the Cr2X phase in the Cr(Ta)–Cr2Ta eutectic and to the lower solubility of Ta in the Cr(X) phase, relative to the Cr–Nb system. Both of these factors resulted in significantly less oxidation and nitridation in the Cr(Ta) + Cr2Ta alloys.
Optimal design of cooperative guidance law for simultaneous strike

This paper will derive an explicit cooperative guidance law that will steer a salvo of missiles in such a way that they all arrive at a target or targets simultaneously. It is shown that, by sharing missile state information, each missile can achieve cooperation while minimizing the control required. Optimal and cooperative control methods are used to derive the cooperative guidance law as well as a consensus time-to-go estimate to achieve this. For cooperative guidance to work, each missile needs to only communicate with some of the neighboring missile intermittently. Issues such as varying communication topologies are inherently accounted for in this proposed design. Therefore the salvo remains robust to communication losses and/or changing communication topologies. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this guidance law and its robustness to varying communication topologies.
Challenging the norm: further psychometric investigation of the neck disability index.

Abstract Background context The neck disability index (NDI) was the first patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument specific to patients with neck pain, and it remains one of the most widely used PROs for the neck population. The NDI is an appealing measure as it is a short and well-known PRO measure. Currently, there are conflicting data on the performance and applicability of the NDI in patients undergoing either operative or nonoperative treatment for neck-related conditions. Purpose This study investigates the psychometric properties, performance, and applicability of the NDI in the spine patient population. Study design A total of 865 patients visiting a university-based spine clinic with neck complaints, with or without radiating upper extremity pain, numbness, or weakness were enrolled in the study. Visit types included new and follow-up visits to both operative and nonoperative treatments. Questionnaires were administered electronically on a tablet computer, and all patients answered all 10 questions of the NDI. Methods Standard descriptive statistics were performed to describe the demographic characteristics of the patients. Rasch modeling was applied to examine the psychometric properties of the NDI. Results The NDI demonstrated insufficient unidimensionality (ie, unexplained variance after accounting for the first dimension=9.4%). Person reliability was 0.85 and item reliability was 1.00 for the NDI. The overall item fit for the NDI was good with an outfit mean square of 1.03. The NDI had a floor effect of 35.5% and ceiling effect of 4.6%. The raw score to measure correlation of the NDI was 0.019. Conclusions Although the NDI had good person and item reliability, it did not demonstrate strong evidence of unidimensionality. The NDI exhibited a very large floor effect. Because of the poor raw score to measure correlation, the sum score should not be used in interpretation of findings. Despite great investment by physicians and other stakeholders in the NDI, this evaluation and previous research have demonstrated that the NDI needs further investigation and refinement.
Generalised hypothesis of molecular chaos and a many-body kinetic equation

Abstract A many-body kinetic equation is presented. It has an H -theorem showing that initial distributions evolve irreversibly towards the canonical equilibrium.
High-grade glioma motility reduced by genetic knockdown of KCC3.

Cell motility is dependent on a coordinated reorganization of the cytoskeleton, membrane recycling, and focal adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Each of these cellular processes involves re-distribution of cell water, which is facilitated by the transport of inorganic ions (with obligatory water movement). Scratch-wound healing assays of Wistar C6 glioblastoma cells demonstrated cell motility in advance of cell proliferation. Although bumetanide inhibition of Na-K-2Cl cotransport activity did not affect cell motility, treatment of glioma cells with furosemide to inhibit K-Cl cotransport activity prevented ∼75% of wound closure in a reversible reaction. Genetic silencing of KCC3 with short hairpin interfering RNA reduced protein expression by 40 - 60%, K+ influx by ∼50%, and cell motility by ∼50%. Appearance of KCC1 mRNA and KCC3 mRNA at 25 PCR cycles versus KCC4 mRNA at 35 PCR cycles, suggests more KCC1/KCC3 expression in both primary rat astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. Altogether, these experiments suggest that the presence/function of multiple isoforms of the Na+-independent K-Cl cotransporter may have a role in glioma cell motility.
Preconditioning with Ischemia or Adenosine Protects Skeletal Muscle from Ischemic Tissue Reperfusion Injury

Prolonged tissue ischemia and subsequent reperfusion results in significant tissue injury due to the ischemic-reperfusion (IR) syndrome. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) or adenosine (ADO) pretreatment are known to protect IR injury in cardiac muscle. Our aim was to determine whether IPC or ADO pretreatment attenuates and protects against ischemic tissue reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. Rats were anesthetized and global hindlimb ischemia was induced by 60 min of suprarenal aortic clamping followed by 30 min of reperfusion period. The degree of skeletal muscle dysfunction was determined by decreases in maximum contractile force, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) levels of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. The distal tendon of the EDL was attached to a force transducer for maximum isometric force measurement. Samples were taken from the EDL for measurement of ATP and CP levels. The following were protective protocols prior to the IR challenge: (1) four consecutive 5-min periods of ischemia separated by 5-min reperfusion periods (PC/I) or (2) i.v. adenosine infusion (350 microg/kg/min x 10 min, PC/A). Our data suggest that pretreatment with brief periods of ischemia or systemic ADO infusion attenuates ischemic tissue reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. [Table: see text]
Group B streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome with fulminant cellulitis.

Nonperipartum group B streptococcus infection usually occurs in elderly persons and in patients with underlying systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, malignancy, or alcoholism). Group B streptococcal infections in adults are often life threatening, and have been associated with a toxic shock-like syndrome. We present a case of fulminant group B streptococcal cellulitis in a patient with sarcoidosis who was receiving corticosteroid therapy and who became hypotensive as her cellulitis rapidly progressed to involve her entire right thigh.