cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Strategic Uncertainty to Persuade Multiple Agents

A principal wishes to persuade multiple agents to take a particular action profile. Each agent cares about both a payoff-relevant state and others’ actions. The principal discloses information about the state to control the agents’ behavior by using their strategic uncertainty. We show that she can persuade them to take an action profile for any non-degenerate prior if that action profile satisfies a generalization of risk dominance. Moreover, such an action profile can be sustained in ways that are “collusion-proof.”
Interaction between ring sideroblasts and treatment with hypomethylating agents (HMA) in patients with refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts.

e18559Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of myeloid neoplasms defined by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplastic morphologic features, and variable risks of progression to acute ...
Bladder Cancer Causing Hydronephrosis in Patient with Duplicated Collecting System

Renal obstruction may be detected incidentally on PET/MR imaging while evaluating malignancy involving the pelvis. Obstructive uropathy can be caused by a variety of pathologies including kidney stones, bladder cancer, pelvic malignancies, blood clots, papillary necrosis, and others. FDG excretion can provide information on both renal function and excretory state.
Crystal Structures of Anti-apoptotic BFL-1 and Its Complex with a Covalent Stapled Peptide Inhibitor.

Summary BCL-2 family proteins are high-priority cancer targets whose structures provide essential blueprints for drug design. Whereas numerous structures of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein complexes with α-helical BH3 peptides have been reported, the corresponding panel of apo structures remains incomplete. Here, we report the crystal structure of apo BFL-1 at 1.69-A resolution, revealing similarities and key differences among unliganded anti-apoptotic proteins. Unlike all other BCL-2 proteins, apo BFL-1 contains a surface-accessible cysteine within its BH3-binding groove, allowing for selective covalent targeting by a NOXA BH3-based stapled peptide inhibitor. The crystal structure of this complex demonstrated the sulfhydryl bond and fortuitous interactions between the acrylamide-bearing moiety and a newly formed hydrophobic cavity. Comparison of the apo and BH3-liganded structures further revealed an induced conformational change. The two BFL-1 structures expand our understanding of the surface landscapes available for therapeutic targeting so that the apoptotic blockades of BFL-1-dependent cancers can be overcome.
Structure and Dynamics of Small-Scale Turbulence in Stably Stratified Homogeneous Shear Flows

The collapse of vortex structures in stably stratified homogeneous sheared turbulence is explained through the coupled dynamics of vorticity w, rate of strain S, and scalar (density) gradientG.Conditional sampling of direct numerical simulation (DNS) results is used in the analysis. In homogeneous shear flow without buoyancy, high-amplitude rotation-dominated regions consist of tube-like structures with distinct spatial orientation due to the presence of mean shear. With buoyancy, these structures tend to flatten and orient along a horizontal plane. The associatedwis predominantly horizontal due to active scalar gradient dynamics. Early time dynamics in these regions are similar to those in the flow without buoyancy:wand S interact with the mean shear and fluctuations ofGare generated by reorientation of the mean scalar gradient by w. Further development inGleads to the prevalence of positive vertical scalar gradient fluctuations G3. In the presence of buoyancy, positive G3 enhances compressive straining in the vertical direction through differential acceleration. This results in a strong attenuation of the vertical vorticity fluctuations 4. At the same time, buoyancy introduces baroclinic torque which at early times, acts as a sink for horizontal w while at later times, may act as a source for spanwise cot. In general, interaction ofwand S in shear flow promotes cvi and 4. The combined effects result in the observed collapse ofwin these flows.
Therapists’ (and Their Therapists’) God Representations in Clinical Practice:

Previous studies have focused on patients’ developmental conceptions of God, and how these dynamics are manifest in treatment with psychotherapists. The present study is the first to examine empiri...
DUSPs, twists and turns in the Journey to Vascular Inflammation

The MAPK phosphatase DUSP6/MKP-3 dephosphorylates ERK1 and 2 and negatively regulates ERK-dependent signaling. Hsu et al. now show that DUSP6/MKP-3 is required for the TNF-α-induced upregulation of the endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and neutrophil infiltration in endothelial cells, and interestingly, this positive role of DUSP6 on the inflammatory process is independent of ERK signaling.
The Coordination Dimensions Scale: A Tool to Assess Interorganizational Relationships

This article describes a tool--the Coordination Dimensions Scale (CDS)--for use by human service organizations in assessing the viability of a coordinated relationship. A working definition of coordination is presented, followed by a description of the components of coordination: types, structural forms, medium, and auspices. Based on this framework, the writer presents fifteen Dimensions of coordination, each of which is placed ol a scale-the total is the CDS Score--which can be used to provide structure to the decision-making process. Suggestions are made for use of the CDS in assessing an existing or proposed coordinated relationship. Human service organizations are increasingly faced with an environment in which resources are decreasing, as demands for services increase. It appears that this trend will continue for the intermediate-range future, and, at best, may stabilize within a decade, but will probably not return to a period of expansion in the human services, as was seen in the 1960's. This trend is coupled with a general agreement among professionals in the human service field that, in order to provide needed services to individuals and families, there is a need to coordinate the array of public and private organizations that deliver services. From the days of the Charity Organization Societies in the late 19th century, through recent efforts at "services integration" at the state level, there is recognition of the necessity for independent organizations to jointly provide the range of services that are needed by many individuals in the society, e.g., health, mental health, corrections, public welfare, employment services, etc. For the most part, administrators in the human services, faced with this need to establish relationships with other organizations, frequently make decisions based on little or no data. Yet, an extensive amount of research (cited throughout this article) has been conducted on interorganizational relationships. It has, however, not been organized in a framework that is useful as a tool for the administrator concerned with the operational problems in an organization. In order to make the most effective and efficient use of diminishing resources, the administrator needs a means of organizing relevant data on which
Cardiac sarcoidosis: Diagnosis with endomyocardial biopsy and treatment with corticosteroids☆

Abstract A 27 year old woman was hospitalized for progressive dyspnea, fatigue and retrosternal chest pain. She had progressive cardiac enlargement with clinical and laboratory confirmation of a dilated cardlomyopathy. Transvenous percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy yielded a specimen showing a noncaseating granuloma. The patient's dyspnea responded dramatically to steroid therapy with corresponding Improvement in radiographic and echographic measures of ventricular performance. This case illustrates the problem of diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis when there is no apparent evidence of other organ Involvement.
Functional Analysis and Treatment of Pica on a Preschool Playground.

Appropriate use of function-based assessments and interventions is crucial for improving educational outcomes and ensuring the well-being of children who engage in dangerous problem behaviors such as pica. A function-based assessment was conducted for a child engaging in pica in an inclusive childcare setting. Results suggest pica was maintained by access to adult attention. Function-based interventions were developed, assessed, and shared with the child’s teaching team. Follow-up data suggest that his teachers continued to use the intervention and that levels of pica remained low.
Pilot analysis of the impacts of soft robotics design on high-school student engineering perceptions

Engineering career interest, especially that of young women, declines as they approach high-school graduation. We used expectancy-value theory, which emphasizes expectations for success and subjective value of experiences as antecedent factors to choice, as a framework for investigating new 9th grade soft robot design lessons. Compared to traditional robotics, the nature of soft robotics—materially embedded safety and an emerging technology with significant social implications—positions it to be favorable for growing students’ perceptions of success and value. To gauge the impact of the lessons following the first year of implementation, we use multilevel and ANOVA models to predict changes in three student perceptions following the lessons: self-efficacy (related to expectations of success), and situational motivation and career interest (both related to subjective value). Survey responses and demographic information were collected from 431 students, before and after both the soft robotics treatment lessons and the traditional robotics comparison lessons. Analysis of the results indicates that changes in perception were negligible for both lesson types and genders. These comparable findings between the lesson types indicate the feasibility of incorporating soft robotics into high-school classrooms. While not noticeably better, the soft robotics lessons expose students to an emerging field of engineering situated in a socially meaningful context that is theoretically aligned with career choices. Moreover, challenges that occurred during the first-year implementation suggest possible refinements which may improve students’ experiences and perceptions as our research continues.
COMPARATIVE RISK OF ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION WITH BEVACIZUMAB, AFLIBERCEPT, AND RANIBIZUMAB.

Purpose:To determine whether sterile preloading of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents reduces the risk of postintravitreal injection endophthalmitis.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study using medical claims data from a large, national US insurer. Cohorts were created using intrav
Cannulation of the Femoral Arterial Bypass Cannula Allows Completion of TAVR in Unstable Patients.

When hemodynamic instability occurs during transcatheter aortic valve replacement, peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass is required. The pigtail catheter, initially placed through the femoral artery to direct placement of the valve, is exchanged over a wire for an arterial bypass cannula. Other than time-consuming arterial cut-down procedures in hypotensive patients, there are few techniques described to allow the operator to continue bypass and complete transcatheter aortic valve replacement. This report describes a method to reintroduce the pigtail catheter by puncturing the arterial bypass cannula. This technique allows the operator to support the patient, continue bypass, and successfully place the valve without aborting the procedure.
Black people’s racial identity and their acceptance of Black-White Multiracial people:

The current study examined whether Black people’s racial ideology, experiences of racism, and their interaction predict their acceptance of Black-White Multiracial people. Black racial ideologies r...
Glioblastoma Survival Prediction

Glioblastoma is a high-grade invasive astrocytoma tumor. The highly invasive nature makes timely detection and characterization of the tumor critical for the survivability prediction of patients. This work proposes MRI- and clinical information-based automated pipeline that implements various state-of-the-art image processing, machine learning, and deep learning techniques to obtain robust tumor segmentation and patient survival estimation. We use 163 cases from the training dataset, and 28 cases from the validation dataset provided by the BraTS 2018 challenge for the evaluation of our model. We achieve an accuracy of 0.679 using the validation dataset and that of 0.519 for the test dataset.
BIOMECHANICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

THE work of the biomechanical instrumentation engineer covers a continually varying and ever-widening area, because he is supporting the continually varying and ever-widening field of biological and medical research and clinical activity. Our approach will be, rather to give a few typical examples of biomechanical instrumentation developments and to describe the organization and professional setting under which they are carried out.
New IDEaS for HIT treatment, anyone?

In this issue of Blood , Kizlik-Masson et al 1 show that a bacterial protease, immunoglobulin G (IgG)–degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), by cleaving heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibodies, can potentially serve as an effective treatment of HIT. HIT is a serious prothrombotic disorder characterized by antibodies to platelet factor 4 (PF4)–polyanion complexes. Despite the recognition of HIT decades ago, outcomes remain concerning. A recent large population-based study of ∼100 000 HIT patients showed that HIT still inflicts significant morbidity and mortality. 2 Roughly one-third of HIT patients develop thrombosis, and 1 in 10 patients die during the HIT hospitalization. An additional, somewhat less recognized issue is that of bleeding associated with the use of non–heparin alternative anticoagulants 2-4 so much so that the American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia calls for research on “…development of novel therapeutics that target pathways in the pathogenesis of HIT proximal to coagulation that could be effective in reducing thrombosis without increasing the risk of hemorrhage.” 5
Zinc Supplementation Adversely Affects Small Intestinal Function and Overall Growth of Neonatal Mouse Pups

Purpose: Adequate zinc (Zn) is critical for preterm neonates due to high physiologic requirements for growth and development. Current guidelines include routine Zn supplementation to ensure that Zn requirements are met, and because Zn supplementation is thought to be generally safe. However, Zn status is difficult to assess due to lack of accurate biomarkers. Because the ability of neonates to regulate Zn homeostasis is unknown, it is not clear if or when supplementation is safe. Neonatal mice undergo a critical …
Impact of the Universal Two-Child Policy on the Workload of Community-Based Basic Public Health Services in Zhejiang Province, China.

We aimed to quantitatively estimate the amount of pressure that was placed on basic public health care services (BPHS) due to the universal two-child policy issued in 2015 by comparing the workload change in maternal and child health management and the immunization of children. BPHS performance surveillance data from 2014 to 2018 in Zhejiang Province, China were analyzed to calculate the workload of the above three services using the equivalent method of BPHS cost estimation of community health services. From 2014 to 2018, the numbers of births from the Statistical Yearbook in Zhejiang Province were 578,000, 581,000, 624,000, 670,000, and 628,000, respectively, and those from the surveillance data were 416,941, 41,490, 434,163, 546,816, and 45,964, respectively. The number of births reached a peak in 2017, with the yearbook and surveillance data showing increases of 15.92% and 31.15%, respectively, over 2014. The workload of maternal and child health management and children’s immunization also peaked in 2017, increasing by 30.37%, 12.70%, and 4.33% over 2014, respectively. In 2018, the workload of maternal and child health management and children’s immunization dropped to 107.34%, 107.73%, and 98.81% over 2014, respectively. The indicators of maternal and child health management and children’s immunization services remained stable, and the related services did not decline, even in 2017. The maternal health management workload was more affected by the universal two-child policy than child health management and children’s immunization.
Sleep disruption exacerbates and prolongs the inflammatory response to traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) alters stress responses, which may influence neuroinflammation and behavioral outcome. Sleep disruption (SD) is an understudied post-injury environmental stressor that directly engages stress-immune pathways. Thus, we predicted that maladaptive changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis after TBI compromise the neuroendocrine response to SD and exacerbate neuroinflammation. To test this, we induced lateral fluid percussion TBI or sham injury in female and male C57BL/6 mice aged 8-10 weeks that were then left undisturbed or exposed to 3 days of transient SD. At 3 days post-injury (DPI) plasma corticosterone (CORT) was reduced in TBI compared with sham mice, indicating altered HPA-mediated stress response to SD. This response was associated with approach-avoid conflict behavior and exaggerated cortical neuroinflammation. Post-injury SD specifically enhanced neutrophil trafficking to the injured brain in conjunction with dysregulated aquaporin-4 (AQP4) polarization. Delayed and persistent effects of post-injury SD were determined 4 days after SD concluded at 7 DPI. SD prolonged anxiety-like behavior regardless of injury and was associated with increased cortical Iba1 labeling in both sham and TBI mice. Strikingly, TBI SD mice displayed an increased number of CD45+ cells near the site of injury, enhanced cortical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunolabeling, and persistent expression of Trem2 and Tlr4 7 DPI compared with TBI mice. These results support the hypothesis that post-injury SD alters stress-immune pathways and inflammatory outcomes after TBI. These data provide new insight to the dynamic interplay between TBI, stress, and inflammation.
Ceramic Waste Forms for Excess Weapons Plutonium

The directive resulting from the 1996 Moscow Summit between President Clinton and President Yeltsin calls for surplus plutonium to be converted into forms resistant to reuse in nuclear weapons. The question is how to safely dispose of 100 tons of weapons-grade plutonium declared surplus at the end of the Cold War. Additionally, impure chemical forms of plutonium are also considered surplus.
Misconception-Based Peer Feedback: A Pedagogical Technique for Reducing Misconceptions

Developing high quality pedagogical materials and techniques is a challenging but important task. We leverage prior work identifying student misconceptions and difficulties in introductory computing courses to design misconception-based feedback (MBF) to address these difficulties. In MBF, peers working in pairs use prompts to guide their discussion of a recently completed coding assignment. A human autograder group (HAG) simulates the behavior of a typical autograder program, supplying only test cases and their correct outputs, allowing us to factor out the effect of the medium (computer vs. human). Participants completed conceptual pre-tests and post-tests that asked them to explain their reasoning, and we captured screen and audio recordings of the sessions. Our mixed-methods analysis looked for statistical differences in frequency counts of misconceptions and qualitatively analyzed audio/video data and language used in pre/post-test written responses to look for explanations of these differences. We use a mixed-methods approach: looking for statistical differences in frequency counts of misconceptions and qualitatively analyzing audio/video data and language used in pre/post-test written responses for explanations of these differences. Significant benefits of MBF were seen on questions that required students to comprehend differences between pass-by-value and pass-by-reference. Not only did these questions show a greater reduction in misconceptions for the MBF group than the HAG group, but the qualitative analysis provided evidence that the students' improvement in language and understanding of the concepts from pre-test to post-test was directly tied to the MBF intervention. This study presents a promising, low resource technique to address misconceptions about several important computer science concepts.
Criminal Justice, Sociology of

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by D. Szabo, volume 5, pp. 2954–2958, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Racial Disparities in Systemic Sclerosis: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Among African American Participants of SLS I and II.

Objective To evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of African American (AA) participants of Scleroderma Lung Studies (SLS) I and II. Methods SLS I randomized 158 participants with systemic sclerosis-interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) to 1 year of oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) versus placebo. SLS II randomized 142 participants with SSc-ILD to 1 year of oral CYC followed by 1 year of placebo versus 2 years of mycophenolate (MMF). Joint models compared the course of forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) between AA and non-AA, and Cox proportional hazard models assessed long-term morbidity and mortality outcomes. Results In SLS I, there was no difference in the course of the FVC or DLCO between AA and non-AA in either treatment arm. In SLS II, AA had an improved course of the FVC compared with non-AA in the CYC arm; in the MMF arm, there was no difference in FVC course. There was no difference in DLCO course in either arm. Time to death and respiratory failure were similar for AA and non-AA in SLS I. There was a trend for improved survival and time to respiratory failure in AA compared with non-AA in SLS II. AA race was not independently associated with mortality in the SLS I or II in the Cox models. Conclusion Data from two randomized controlled trials demonstrated that AA patients with SSc-ILD have similar morbidity and mortality outcomes compared with non-AA patients. These findings contrast with the racial disparities described in prior observational studies and warrant further investigation.
Their Home is Not Their Castle: Subsidized Housing's Intrusion into Family Privacy and Decisional Autonomy

The anti-Black racism that has permeated public benefits programs and federal housing policy for over a century persists in subsidized rental housing. Public housing authorities (PHAs) impede the ability of tenants—who are disproportionately Black women—to change household composition as their family situations change. PHAs routinely take months or longer to approve requests to add or remove household members and often require tenants to produce inaccessible third-party verification of a former household member’s new address before removing them from official records. In failing to grant these requests promptly, PHAs infringe on tenants’ fundamental right to privacy and family autonomy, impose a financial burden on tenants who have limited resources, and put tenants at risk of eviction if former household members are arrested for criminal activity. This Article proposes workable solutions to these problems. First, PHA failure to timely respond to a request to adjust household composition should be treated as a constructive denial, as is done in fair housing law and other areas of administrative law. This strategy would allow tenants to pursue administrative and judicial review rights that already exist in public housing and the housing choice voucher program. Second, the statutory or regulatory schemes governing subsidized housing should be amended to include subpoena powers such as exist in the Administrative Procedure Act to allow tenants to access needed third-party records. These changes would protect the substantive and due process rights of vulnerable tenants and help dismantle systemic racism that continues to plague public benefits programs.
Analysis of Simple Rollover Metrics

Both tilt table testing and the calculation of so-called Critical Sliding Velocity (CSV) have the goal of determining conditions wherein a vehicle can be tripped by sideways impact with an obstacle and roll exactly one-quarter turn. This paper reviews the mechanics associated with each of these metrics. The paper extends the derivation of the CSV calculation to compute initial sideways velocities needed to initiate a tripped roll of more than one-quarter turn. Particular attention is paid to the mechanics of the second quarter-turn, examining boundary conditions that, depending on terrain, might be part of the continuing roll event. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 875861.
Solving coverage problems with embedded graph grammars

We show how Embedded Graph Grammars (EGGs) are used to specify local interaction rules between mobile robots in a natural manner. This formalism allows us to treat local network topologies, geometric transition conditions, and individual robot dynamics and control modes in a unified framework. An example EGG is demonstrated that achieves sensor coverage in a provably stable and correct manner. The algorithm results in a global network with a lattice-like triangulation.
Benthic Foraminiferal Faunal Turnover Across the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary at Agost (Southeastern Spain): Paleoenvironmental Inferences

We studied Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene benthic foraminifera from the Agost section (southeastern Spain) to infer paleobathymetrical changes and paleoenvironmental turnover across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/P) transition. Benthic foraminifera indicate uppermost bathyal depths at Agost during the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Biochron (from about 400 kyr before the K/P boundary) through the early Plummerita hantkeninoides Biochron (about 120^150 kyr before that boundary). The depth increased to middle bathyal for the remainder of the Cretaceous, and remained so for the Danian part of the studied section (Parasubbotina pseudobulloides Biochron, at least 200 kyr after the K/P boundary). There were no perceivable bathymetrical changes at the K/P boundary, where V5% of the species became extinct, and the species composition of the benthic foraminiferal fauna changed considerably. Below the boundary, infaunal morphogroups constitute up to 65^73% of the faunas. Directly above the boundary, in the black clays of the lower Guembelitria cretacea Biozone, benthic foraminifera are rare. Several opportunistic taxa (e.g. the agglutinant Haplophragmoides sp.) have short peaks in relative abundance, possibly reflecting low-oxygen conditions as well as environmental instability, with benthos receiving food from short-lived, local blooms of primary producers. Above the clays through the end of the studied interval, epifaunal morphogroups dominate (up to 70% of the assemblages) or there is an even mixture or epifaunal and infaunal morphogroups. Infaunal groups do not recover to pre-extinction relative abundances, indicating that the food supply to the benthos did not recover fully over the studied interval (about 200 kyr after the K/P boundary). The benthic foraminiferal faunal changes are compatible with the direct and indirect effects of an asteroid impact, which severely destabilized primary producers and the oceanic food web that was dependent upon them. = 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Purification and properties of a small latent matrix metalloproteinase of the rat uterus.

A small metalloproteinase that digests Azocoll was found in the uterus of the rat. Its activity increased to high levels during the postpartum period in parallel with the breakdown of the extracellular matrix exclusive of collagen (Sellers, A., and Woessner, J.F., Jr. (1980) Biochem. J. 189, 521-531). This enzyme has now been purified almost 7,000-fold to homogeneity from 12 g of tissue using molecular sieve chromatography, blue sepharose chromatography, and zinc-chelate chromatography. Gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol gives Mr = 28,000 for the latent form of the enzyme and Mr = 19,000 for the active form that arises spontaneously or by treatment with aminophenylmercuric acetate. The enzyme digests components of the extracellular matrix including gelatins of types I, III, IV, and V, fibronectin, and proteoglycan. It digests the alpha 2(I) chain of gelatin in preference to the alpha 1(I) chain and cleaves dinitrophenyl-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Pro-D-Arg. It cleaves the B chain of insulin at two points: Ala14-Leu15 and Tyr16-Leu17. It has no action on collagens of types I, III, IV, or V at 26 degrees C and no action on elastin or phenylazo-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-D-Arg. The pH optimum is at pH 7 and the pI at 5.9. The enzyme requires zinc and calcium ions for activity; cobalt and strontium can partially replace these metal ions. The enzyme is not inhibited by low levels of phosphoramidon or Zincov. Its properties clearly distinguish it from collagenase, gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinase 2), and stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase 3); it therefore constitutes a further member of the family of extracellular matrix metalloendopeptidases. The name matrix metalloproteinase 7 is proposed.
Statistical analysis of timing rules for high-speed synchronous interconnects

A statistical model which takes both static timing skew and random timing skew into account for deriving the timing rules of synchronous VLSI systems is proposed and analyzed. Based on this model, the relationship between the maximum system throughput and the timing skew (both static and random) for a synchronous system is derived. Two timing schemes are evaluated for each of the system configurations. In the first, the transmitter cannot initiate the next cycle until the receiver has received the data. In the second, the transmitter initiates the next cycle as soon as the current data have been sent out. From this timing skew model it is shown that the risetime of the clock as well as the data is critical in determining the performance of synchronous interconnections. >
GREED, GHOSTS, AND GRAND JURIES: THE FORMATION OF NURSING HOME LAW AND OKLAHOMA'S HEALTH DEPARTMENT SCANDAL

This work examines the creat ion of law and the Oklahoma Health Department scandal. It uses an integrative connict model of law format ion to analyze strcture l foundations, perceptions of crime, and triggering events leading to the passage of nursing home legislation. A content analysis of news reports and reform group documents shows that a new law for quality long-term care emerged after the disc losure of bribery allegations against a high-level health department official and a nursing home operator. Findings suggest the efficacy of the legislation is questionable based on cultural issues concerning negative images of the elderly, interest group innuence, and continued reports of substandard care.
Understanding engineering students for better recruitment strategies: a four-year study

Engineering enrollments are declining. Interest in engineering is near a 20 year low among entering college freshmen. At the same time, the demand for engineering in the US is great, with foreign national students being brought to our country to help fill the gap. The situation calls for increased efforts in recruitment and retention. Since many university budgets are shrinking, accountability is expected for all invested funds, including those used for recruitment and retention. To better allocate resources to recruitment and retention efforts, a pilot survey was first administered to engineering freshman at ASU in the fall of 1994. This survey was refined and continued for an additional four years. Evaluations of the surveys in the first few years revealed some surprises. In the first survey, the primary reasons for attending ASU for an engineering degree was similar for both women and men: a good engineering school, close to home, and good weather. Surprising results, obtained from early surveys, showed that over fifty percent of the junior college transfers only decided on engineering after they attended college. Contrary to expectations, the data also showed that for underrepresented minority engineering students, it made no difference if they took the Introduction to Engineering class in their first or second semester. We look at the freshman engineering class longitudinally with four years of data. The paper examines if there have been any changes in recruitment and retention efforts during the last four years in response to information learned through the early surveys.
Interim impairment reviews: What are the consequences?

Goodwill purchased in business combinations must now be reviewed for impairment, rather than amortized. The author takes a critical look at a controversial issue: the timing and frequency for recognizing an impairment loss. What are the implications on strategic planning for M&As? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function

Missale, Cristina, S. Russel Nash, Susan W. Robinson, Mohamed Jaber, and Marc G. Caron. Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function. Physiol. Rev. 78: 189–225, 1998. — The diverse physiological actions of dopamine are mediated by at least five distinct G protein-coupled receptor subtypes. Two D1-like receptor subtypes (D1 and D5) couple to the G protein Gs and activate adenylyl cyclase. The other receptor subtypes belong to the D2-like subfamily (D2 , D3 , and D4) and are prototypic of G protein-coupled receptors that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and activate K+ channels. The genes for the D1 and D5 receptors are intronless, but pseudogenes of the D5 exist. The D2 and D3 receptors vary in certain tissues and species as a result of alternative splicing, and the human D4 receptor gene exhibits extensive polymorphic variation. In the central nervous system, dopamine receptors are widely expressed because they are involved in the control of locomotion, cognition, emotion, and affect as well as neuroendocrine s...
Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load

Background Elevated concentrations of homocysteine in blood may be an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated homocysteine concentrations can be caused by decreased methylation of homocysteine to form methionine, as occurs in folate deficiency. A parallel pathway exists for methylation of homocysteine, in which choline, by way of betaine, is the methyl donor.
The impossibility of a Paretian rational: A Bayesian perspective

Abstract If a group takes a collective decision on the basis of separately aggregated group judgments on the probabilities of independent events, there may not exist any anonymous aggregation rule that respects individuals' unanimous outcome preferences at all profiles of beliefs.
Dehydroalanine residues in thiostrepton.

In the molecule of thiostrepton two L-alanine residues are present. Reduction of the antibiotic leads to the formation of additional alanine moieties.
Sensor fusion for flexible human-portable building-scale mapping

This paper describes a system enabling rapid multi-floor indoor map building using a body-worn sensor system fusing information from RGB-D cameras, LIDAR, inertial, and barometric sensors. Our work is motivated by rapid response missions by emergency personnel, in which the capability for one or more people to rapidly map a complex indoor environment is essential for public safety. Human-portable mapping raises a number of challenges not encountered in typical robotic mapping applications including complex 6-DOF motion and the traversal of challenging trajectories including stairs or elevators. Our system achieves robust performance in these situations by exploiting state-of-the-art techniques for robust pose graph optimization and loop closure detection. It achieves real-time performance in indoor environments of moderate scale. Experimental results are demonstrated for human-portable mapping of several floors of a university building, demonstrating the system's ability to handle motion up and down stairs and to organize initially disconnected sets of submaps in a complex environment.
Electrophoretic differences between calf and embryonic chick lens α-crystallin polypeptides

Abstract Calf and embryonic chick lens α-crystallins were purified by control pore glass chromatography and were compared by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate or urea. Differences in the migration of calf and chick α-crystallin subunits in both gel systems suggest that small differences exist in their encoded amino acid sequences.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polysiloxanes by Base-Catalyzed Proton-Transfer Polymerization. Comparison of Hyperbranched Polymer Microstructure and Properties to Those of Linear Analogues Prepared by Cationic or Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization

Treatment of 1-(hydroxydimethylsiloxy)pentamethylcyclotrisiloxane (II), a latent A2A‘B monomer, with a phosphazene P4-t-Bu superbase followed by quenching with vinyldimethylchlorosilane/triethylamine leads to a hyperbranched polysiloxane (III). The microstructure and properties of III are compared to those of linear analogues obtained by cationic or living anionic polymerization of 1-(vinyldimethylsiloxydimethylsiloxy)pentamethylcyclotrisiloxane (I).
Visible light photoactivity of sulfur and phosphorus doped nanoporous carbons in oxidation of dibenzothiophenes

Abstract Polymer-derived sulfur and phosphorus doped activated carbon and commercial phosphoric acid activated carbon were used as adsorbents of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) from model diesel fuel (MDF). The experiments were carried out in dark, and under visible light and UV irradiations. Extraction of the products of surface reactions showed oxidation of DBT and DMDBT to sulfoxides, sulfones and other oxygen containing derivatives. The comparable results in UV and visible light demonstrate photoactivity of sulfur and phosphorus containing activated carbons in ambient conditions. Oxygen from surface groups and photogenerated holes and electrons are involved in surface reactions.
Generalization training in word recognition

A study of the effect of number of instances of familiar nouns involved in a match-to-sample training task on subsequent application of the words to new instances was done with four preschool deaf and one normally hearing child. A transfer of training paradigm was used in which Ss were trained to match words with their respective pictures. When three pictures of each word were provided in training, subsequent correct application of words to new pictures was better (p <.02) than when training involved only one picture of each word.
Adding elder care to women's multiple roles: A critical review of the caregiver stress and multiple roles literatures

Research on the effect of multiple roles on women's well-being has focused almost exclusively on the employment and child rearing roles of younger women, and has overlooked the roles of middle-aged women, such as continued employment and the elder care role. The stress of the elder care role has been extensively studied in the gerontological field, but rarely in the broader context of women's multiple roles and overall well-being. This review attempts to integrate these two bodies of research for the purpose of framing a research agenda that can adequately address the effect of multiple roles on the psychological well-being of employed women throughout their working years.
Application of data dependent systems approach for evaluation of fracture modes during a single-grit scratching

Brittle fracture and the associated material removal mechanisms in model brittle materials were investigated using single-grit scratch experiments. The objective was to develop a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of brittle material removal during machining (e.g., grinding) processes and mathematically describe the induced topological features. Initial experiments were conducted on metals and the ductile material removal response was captured in the form of smooth lenticular shaped scratch trace and a smooth semi-sinusoidal force profile. Scratch experiments on model brittle materials, namely, Homalite-100 and Pyrex glass, revealed intermittent material removal patterns and oscillatory force profiles. In Homalite, material removal occurred in periodic bursts with the size of the burst proportional to the instantaneous depth of cut, and accordingly the force profiles reflected periodic oscillations. In Pyrex glass, the material removal occurred in random bursts at irregular intervals and accordingly the force profiles reflected irregular/random force oscillations. To further characterize the nature of material removal process, the experimentally obtained force data were analyzed using data dependent systems (DDS) approach. The analysis revealed that the physical features of the induced damage in the scratch groove are effectively captured in the respective Green's functions. Based on the energy contributions arising from the characteristic roots of the DDS models, a brittleness measure, that characterizes the propensity for brittle fracture in ceramics, has been proposed. This measure can be used in more complex machining situations for on-line monitoring of the nature of material removal process.
Reexamination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the brain in vivo: no evidence for a futile cycle

Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the rat brain in vivo was estimated by measuring the differential loss of tritium and carbon-14 from the glucose pool labeled by a mixture of [2-3H]glucose and [U-14C]glucose. The results provide no evidence of significant dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate and do not support the hypothesis of a futile cycle involving glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the brain.
Cardiovascular adjustments to enforced activity in the anuran amphibian, Bufo marinus

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen consumption rate and cardiovascular variables contributing to O2 transport were measured for marine toads (S. marinus) at rest and during enforced activity. 2. 2. An 8.3 fold increase in VO2 with activity was accompanied by elevation of heart rate, systemic arch blood flow, and arterial and venous blood pressures. Systemic arch pulse volume declined slightly with activity. Peripheral vascular resistance declined 40% with activity. Arterial PO2 and pco2 increased with activity, whereas pH declined. Venous pco2 increased and po2 and pH declined with activity. Consequently, the arteriovenous difference in po2 increased from 12 torr at rest to 62 torr during activity: the calculated arteriovenous difference in blood % saturation increased from 6.5 to 58%. There was a metabolic acidosis during activity. 3. 3. The % contributions of the cardiovascular variables to the VO2 increment during activity were: heart rate, +17%: systemic arch pulse volume, -2%; arteriovenous % saturation difference, +85%. 4. 4. The large contribution of arteriovenous difference is due to both elevation of arterial and decline of venous saturation.
The organization and repair of DNA in the mammalian chromosome. III. Determination of the molecular weight of a mammalian native DNA

The necessary conditions for a unique solution of the sedimentation vs DNA molecular weight equations are considered and applied to the native DNA of the L5178Y mouse leukemia cell. A brief review and critique of the literature of sedimentation anomalies is given to demonstrate that such anomalies are not present in the data reported here. It is shown that the chromosomal DNA of L5178Y cells comes in uniform packages of 1.0 (0.5–2.0) × 1010 daltons. All pieces are of an identical size which corresponds to the DNA content of about 1/13 the average chromatid. Both the size estimate and the number of such molecules/cell are confirmed by viscoelastometry. This DNA is shown to be free of radioactively demonstrable protein and/or lipid contaminants and of the same isopycnic density as T4 DNA. Variance analysis is applied to determine the precision of all measurements and to pinpoint major sources of error. A relationship between [η] and M is derived for native DNA in 1.0M NaCl. A necessary conclusion from these data is that mammalian chromosome models requiring degrees of polynemy greater than 16-neme (in G1) are incorrect (to the extent that the L5178Y cell is typical of mammalian cells).
Effect of Loading on Stress Intensification Factors

The basic objective of this investigation is to determine the effect of loading on the stress intensification factors of Markl's fatigue evaluation method for metal piping. Markl's method is based on the fatigue testing of 4 in. schedule 40 carbon steel cantilever piping. Subsequent testing using a four-point loading showed that the S-N data were different from that predicted by the procedure and equation developed by Markl. Markl's method is based on determining the elastic-plastic forces in a piping system by multiplying the elastic system stiffness by the actual deflection. In this manner a fictitious force is calculated to determine piping stresses assuming the elastic beam bending equation, Mc/I, applies even in partially plastic pipes. Previous analytical work on this topic by Rodabaugh and Scavuzzo ("Fatigue of Butt Welded Pipe and the Effect of Testing Methods-Report 2: Effect of Testing Methods on Stress Intensification Factors. " Welding Research Bulletin 433, July 1998) showed that these measured differences should occur between cantilever and four-point tests using Markl's method. The basic assumption in this analytical comparison is that strain-cycle correlations lead to the correct prediction of fatigue life. Using the measured alternating strain, both types of test geometries lead to the same prediction of fatigue life using these strain-cycle correlations. In this study, the same analytical assumptions used by Rodabaugh and Scavuzzo (above) are applied to a pipe where the load is varied from a four-point loading through its extremes. Loads were varied from a cantilever to an end moment by changing the dimensions of four-point loading. Also, the shape of a bilinear stress-strain curve was varied from a perfectly plastic material to various degrees of work hardening by increasing the tangent modulus in the plastic regime. The results of the study indicate that Markl's method is conservative by predicting too short a fatigue life for four-point loading for a given stress. As indicated by this study, the differences can be very large in the low-cycle regime for a perfectly plastic material and for a four-point loading approaching an end moment. Thus, piping could be over designed with unnecessary conservatism using the current ASME Code method based on stress intensification factors.
Left heart work and temperature responses to cold exposure in man

Abstract Resting normal men respond to various types of cold exposure by somewhat different mechanisms. Cold air breathing evokes an increase in stroke volume without changing heart rate or peripheral resistance. Left ventricular ejection time does not change, and so the principal response may be viewed as an increase in the mean rate of left ventricular ejection. On the other hand, exposure to a cold environment evokes an increase in peripheral resistance without changing cardiac index or heart rate. In both cases cardiac work and pressure-time relations increase, implying an increased myocardial oxygen utilization. These various responses are probably attributable to catecholamine effects; at rest they occur in the absence of cooling of the left heart chambers and of the subsequent coronary perfusate. It is likely that exercise in a cold environment results in reduction of the temperature of the left heart chambers and of the coronary perfusate.