cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The regulatory role of residues 226–232 in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize

The regulatory properties of maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase were significantly altered by site-directed mutagenesis of residues 226 through 232. This conserved sequence element, RTDEIRR, is part of a surface loop at the dimer interface. Mutation of individual residues in this sequence caused various kinetic changes, including desensitization of the enzyme to key allosteric effectors or alteration of the K(0.5 PEP) for the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. R231A, and especially R232Q, displayed decreased apparent affinity for the activator glucose-6-phosphate. Apparent affinity for the activator glycine was reduced in D228N and R232Q, while the maximum activation caused by glycine was greatly reduced in R226Q and E229A. R226Q and E229A also showed significantly lower sensitivity to the inhibitors malate and aspartate. E229A exhibited a low K(0.5 PEP), while the K(0.5 PEP )of R232Q was significantly higher than that of wild type. Thus these seven residues are critical determinants of the enzyme's kinetic responses to activators, inhibitors and substrate. The present results support an earlier suggestion that Arg 231 contributes to the binding site of the allosteric activator glucose-6-phosphate, and are consistent with other proposals that the substrate phosphoenolpyruvate allosterically activates the enzyme by binding at or near the glucose-6-phosphate site. The results also suggest that the glycine binding site may be contiguous with the glucose-6-phosphate binding site. Glu 229, which extends from this interface region through the interior of the protein and emerges near the aspartate binding site, may provide a physical link for propagating conformational changes between the allosteric activator and inhibitor binding regions.
Above-surface neutralization of highly charged ions: The formation of hollow atoms

We investigate the interaction of multiply charged ions with metallic surfaces. Simulations are presented displaying the formation of hollow atoms when slow highly charged ions approach the surface. It is shown that above surface neutralization proceeds via hollow-atom formation. Relaxation of the multiply excited states to the ground state occurs only subsequent to the close encounter with the topmost atomic layer. Recent experimental data on K Auger emission and image acceleration confirm this scenario.
Congenital Absence of the Right Upper Lobe Bronchus With Double Segmental Tracheal Bronchi

A multidisciplinary approach revealed an absent right upper lobe bronchus and atretic bronchioles in a child with recurrent pulmonary infections. Use of a multidimensional computed tomographic scan and bronchoscopy clearly delineated the anatomical aberration. The child underwent an uncomplicated right upper anterior segmentectomy with an expedient recovery.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation versus drugs in myelofibrosis: the risk-benefit balancing act.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation versus drugs in myelofibrosis: the risk-benefit balancing act
Repressive BMP2 Gene Regulatory Elements Near the BMP2 promoter

The level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) profoundly influences essential cell behaviors such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. The spatial and temporal pattern of BMP2 synthesis, particular in diverse embryonic cells, is highly varied and dynamic. We have identified GC-rich sequences within the BMP2 promoter region that strongly repress gene expression. These elements block the activity of a highly conserved, osteoblast enhancer in response to FGF2 treatment. Both positive and negative gene regulatory elements control BMP2 synthesis. Detecting and mapping the repressive motifs is essential because they impede the identification of developmentally regulated enhancers necessary for normal BMP2 patterns and concentration.
Recursive Mindscapes: Noematic Confusion in the Kunstgespräch of Georg Büchner's Lenz

I argue that the famous Kunstgesprach in Georg Buchner's Lenz is less a talk about art than a scene in which Lenz's speech is increasingly confused with the mind of a woman by a window as depicted in the second painting of the Dutch School. By dint of free indirect discourse presented in monologue form, Lenz's mind in effect becomes indistinguishable from that of the woman in the painting—as well as from the narrative voice of the novella's third-person narrator. Specifically, I base this intrusion or perhaps appropriation of the narrator's narrative voice on the near identical depiction of the scene of Lenz's sermon earlier in the text. Against other critics’ diagnoses of paradoxes and enigmas in Lenz's speech, I offer a reading of the Kunstgesprach that identifies “noematic confusions” within the ambivalent phenomenological parameters of these first- and third-person narrative perspectives of the passage to be at the core of the Kunstgesprach's enigmas.
Treatment Outcome in Suicidal vs. Non-Suicidal Elderly Patients

The authors investigated treatment outcome in elderly suicidal and non-suicidal patients with recurrent major depression. Patients without suicidal ideation in the current episode (Non-Ideators; n=150) were compared with 30 patients who expressed suicidal ideation (Ideators). Patients received combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy during acute and continuation treatment. Ideators had higher numbers of lifetime suicide attempts and reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness before starting treatment. Ideators and Non-Ideators had almost identical remission rates (77% vs. 78%), but Ideators had higher relapse rates during continuation treatment (26% vs. 13%) and were more likely to receive augmentation pharmacotherapy. Anxiety and use of adjunctive medication, but not suicidal ideation, were negatively related to both remission and relapse. Our data suggest that elderly suicidal patients have an overall favorable treatment outcome. However, treatment response may be more brittle and may require the continuing use of adjunctive medications to prevent early relapse.
In vivo effects of estradiol on collagen and elastin dynamics in rat aorta.

Turnover and accumulation of collagen and elastin in aorta were determined in ovariectomized female rats receiving either estradiol replacement therapy or oil vehicle injection (control rats) for three weeks prior to study. In the turnover experiments rats from both groups were administered 14C-proline ip and the SA of hydroxyproline in both collagen and elastin of aorta was determined at 3, 24, 48 and 144 hr after administration of the isotope. In the accumulation experiments rats were killed at the end of the three week treatment period and total collagen, percent collagen, total elastin, percent elastin, and collagen to elastin ratio in the aortas were determined. In the rats treated with estradiol specific activity of hydroxyproline in both collagen and elastin declined more rapidly than in oil treated rats. Control rats were heavier, had heavier aortas, and had significantly greater total collagen, percent collagen, and collagen to elastin ratio in aortas than did estradiol treated rats. It is conclu...
On the analysis of substrate cycles in large metabolic systems

The simultaneous operation of paired, opposing reactions (substrate cycles) or parallel reactions (dual pathways) with seeming wastage of ATP is widespread in cellular metabolism. Analysis of such "futile" pathways has hitherto been limited to loci with only two or three interconnecting fluxes. We introduce here a method that allows straightforward analysis of more complex systems. The method involves the linear superposition of "fundamental" modes, one or more of which may be energetically wasteful. Decomposition of a flux pattern into such modes allows computation of the amount of free energy "wasted" at any locus. Appropriate normalizations of energy wastage yield a number of indices useful for assessing the energetic impact of futile pathways on the cell and for comparing the degree of regulation of substrate cycles or dual pathways under different metabolic conditions. This approach is applied to steady-state flux data obtained in the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis and in isolated rat hepatocytes under a variety of conditions.
A Test of the Path-Goal Theory of Leadership and Some Suggested Directions for Future Research.

Several hypotheses on the moderating effect of task structure from Path-Goal leadership theory were tested in a large public utility. No support was found for the moderating effect of task structure, despite multiple analyses and large and statistically significant differences in moderator variables: instrumental leadership obtained few significant correlations with criteria regardless of task structure, and supportive leadership was strongly related to criteria at all levels of task structure. Based on these results and theoretical considerations, suggestions are made for modification of the manner in which the theory has generally been tested, and for attention to specific testing of several assumptions upon which the theory is based.
The temperature dependence of extensional creep in polyethylene terephthalate

Abstract Measurements of extensional creep behaviour of unoriented crystalline polyethylene terephthalate have been made over the temperature range of the glass/rubber transition. Time/temperature superposition was found applicable and the shift factors could be fitted to the Williams-Landel-Ferry relationship with a glass/rubber transition temperature parameter of 85°C. Previous dielectric loss measurements within this temperature range are also shown to be consistent with this representation.
Outsourcing copy cataloging at Adelphi University Libraries

ABSTRACT Adelphi University Libraries contracted to outsource copy cataloging and physical processing with Blackwell's Book Services in 1995. Since May 1996, 17,000 shelf-ready titles and over 16,000 catalog records have been received and loaded to our Innovative Interfaces OPAC. Costs, implementation, workflow, and benefits are discussed in this article. The outsourcing program, although hampered by staff shortages in the Libraries, has been highly successful in achieving enhanced cataloging and improved processing at reasonable costs.
A New Hollow‐Fiber Oxygenator for Clinical Cardiopulmonary Bypass

: A new hollow-fiber oxygenator has become available for clinical cardiopulmonary bypass. It is available in three sizes for adult use, ranging from 3.3 to 5.4 m2. The surface area is dependent on the number of fibers, with blood and oxygen effecting very efficient gas transfer throughout the length of each of the fibers. The clinical experience now covers 100 patients, using the 3.3-m2 device in 16 patients, the 4.3-m2 device in 12 patients, and the 5.4-m2 device in 72 patients. In all cases, the oxygenator has proven highly efficient in gas transfer. The addition of an oxygen-blending unit was found to be necessary to prevent overoxygenation. It is a safe and effective device to use in routine clinical practice.
Compressive behavior of pervious concretes and a quantification of the influence of random pore structure features

Abstract Properties of a random porous material such as pervious concrete are strongly dependent on its pore structure features, porosity being an important one among them. This study deals with developing an understanding of the material structure–compressive response relationships in pervious concretes. Several pervious concrete mixtures with different pore structure features are proportioned and subjected to static compression tests. The pore structure features such as pore area fractions, pore sizes, mean free spacing of the pores, specific surface area, and the three-dimensional pore distribution density are extracted using image analysis methods. The compressive stress–strain response of pervious concretes, a model to predict the stress–strain response, and its relationship to several of the pore structure features are outlined. Larger aggregate sizes and increase in paste volume fractions are observed to result in increased compressive strengths. The compressive response is found to be influenced by the pore sizes, their distributions and spacing. A statistical model is used to relate the compressive strength to the relevant pore structure features, which is then used as a base model in a Monte-Carlo simulation to evaluate the sensitivity of the predicted compressive strength to the model terms.
Second-order raman scattering of a vibrational exciton and a lattice phonon in crystalline benzene

Abstract It is shown that the second-order Raman (SOR) scattering of an intramolecular vibrational exciton and a lattice phonon gives a line shape which is closely related to the one-phonon density-of-states function. The technique is applied to crystalline benzene and compared to two-phonon SOR and fluorescence sideband techniques for determining the phonon density-of-states function. In addition, a portion of the vibrational SOR and two-phonon SOR spectra, as well as some new first order vibrational Raman peaks, are reported. The frequencies of the new vibrational levels confirm the assignments of these modes in the benzene fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra. Finally, a vibrational hot band transition was observed at 77 K. The observation of overtones, combinations and hot bands in the low temperature Raman spectrum provides a new opportunity for studying vibrational exciton density-of-states functions.
X-Ray Emission from Colliding Wind Shocks in the Wolf-Rayet Binary WR 140

We analyze four ASCA X-ray observations of the Wolf-Rayet binary system WR 140 obtained between 1993 and 1997 by making use of hydrodynamic colliding wind (CW) shock models. The analysis shows that the CW shock models are able to accurately reproduce the X-ray spectra at different orbital phases using mass-loss and orbital parameters that are within the ranges allowed by the uncertainties. However, some adjustment in the currently accepted values of the semimajor axis and time of periastron passage may eventually be required. Models that allow for different electron and ion temperatures provide better fits to the data. Extra absorption is inferred from CW shock models above that expected from the winds and interstellar medium, the origin of which is not yet known. We also report the serendipitous discovery of hot plasma at temperatures in excess of ~2 keV and X-ray emission lines in spectra extracted from the diffuse Cygnus superbubble background in the vicinity of WR 140.
Architecture-level dependability analysis of a medical decision support system

Recent advances in techniques such as image analysis, text analysis and machine learning have shown great potential to assist physicians in detecting and diagnosing health issues in patients. In this paper, we describe the approach and findings of an architecture-level dependability analysis for a mammography decision support system that incorporates these techniques. The goal of the research described in this paper is to provide an initial understanding of the dependability issues, particularly the potential failure modes and severity, in order to identify areas of potential high risk. The results will guide design decisions and provide the basis of a dependability and performance evaluation program.
Heavy Particle Groups From the Neutron Disintegrations of Nitrogen and Neon

Studies of the $_{7}\mathrm{N}^{14}(n,a)_{5}\mathrm{B}^{11}$ reaction by the method of Wilhelmy seem to indicate the emission of heavy particle groups from nitrogen as a result of resonance transmutation by fast neutrons from a Ra+Be source. The total energy of the alpha-particle plus recoil nuclei lies at 1.33, 1.64, 1.94, 2.15, 2.64, 2.98, 3.82, 4.14, and 4.48 Mev. The data are in good agreement with those of other experimenters and it appears unlikely that the maxima in the distribution curve are caused by statistical fluctuations, but are intimately connected with nuclear transformations. Neon yields three alpha-particle groups at 0.85, 1.05, and 1.68 Mev in the energy range 0.25-2.5 Mev by a similar study. It appears probable that the reaction $_{10}\mathrm{Ne}^{20}(n,a)_{8}\mathrm{O}^{17}$ is responsible for the 1.68-Mev group. The association of these groups with the intermediate nuclei ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{21}$ or ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{23}$ is not unique as long as it is not clear which excited states of the end nuclei can occur, and as long as accurate mass values of all the nuclei involved in these reactions are not known. Hydrogen gave a smooth distribution curve, as was expected.
CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 4-NITROBENZOYL CHLORIDE

(1970). CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 4-NITROBENZOYL CHLORIDE. Organic Preparations and Procedures: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 309-310.
Infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract: implications for toxicology studies.

Abstract The consequences of adventitious infectious agents upon the interpretation of toxicology studies performed in rats and mice are incompletely understood. Several prevalent murine pathogens cause alterations of the respiratory system that can confuse the assessment of chemically induced airway injury. In some instances the pathogenesis of infection with these agents has been relatively well studied in the lower respiratory tract. However, there are few well-controlled studies that have examined the upper respiratory region, which result in interpretive problems for toxicologic pathologists. The conduct and interpretation of both short-term and chronic rodent bioassays can be compromised by both the clinical and subclinical manifestations of infectious diseases. This paper reviews several important infectious diseases of the upper airway of rats and mice and discusses the potential influence of these conditions on the results of toxicology studies.
Saposin C Coupled Lipid Nanovesicles Specifically Target Arthritic Mouse Joints for Optical Imaging of Disease Severity

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the population and is characterized by cartilage and bone destruction ultimately leading to loss of joint function. Early detection and intervention of disease provides the best hope for successful treatment and preservation of joint mobility and function. Reliable and non-invasive techniques that accurately measure arthritic disease onset and progression are lacking. We recently developed a novel agent, SapC-DOPS, which is composed of the membrane-associated lysosomal protein saposin C (SapC) incorporated into 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DOPS) lipid nanovesicles. SapC-DOPS has a high fusogenic affinity for phosphatidylserine-enriched microdomains on surfaces of target cell membranes. Incorporation of a far-red fluorophore, CellVue Maroon (CVM), into the nanovesicles allows for in vivo non-invasive visualization of the agent in targeted tissue. Given that phosphatidylserine is present only on the inner leaflet of healthy plasma membranes but is “flipped” to the outer leaflet upon cell damage, we hypothesized that SapC-DOPS would target tissue damage associated with inflammatory arthritis due to local surface-exposure of phosphatidylserine. Optical imaging with SapC-DOPS-CVM in two distinct models of arthritis, serum-transfer arthritis (e.g., K/BxN) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) revealed robust SapC-DOPS-CVM specific localization to arthritic paws and joints in live animals. Importantly, intensity of localized fluorescent signal correlated with macroscopic arthritic disease severity and increased with disease progression. Flow cytometry of cells extracted from arthritic joints demonstrated that SapC-DOPS-CVM localized to an average of 7–8% of total joint cells and primarily to CD11b+Gr-1+ cells. Results from the current studies strongly support the application of SapC-DOPS-CVM for advanced clinical and research applications including: detecting early arthritis onset, assessing disease progression real-time in live subjects, and providing novel information regarding cell types that may mediate arthritis progression within joints.
Rorschach Measures of Aggression: A Laboratory-Based Validity Study

This study sought to complement the archival research designs that have established the empirical foundations of Rorschach aggression scores, including Exner's (2003) Aggressive Movement (AG) score and Meloy and Gacono's (1992) Aggressive Content (AgC), Aggressive Past (AgPast), and Aggressive Potential (AgPot) variables. Utilizing a highly controlled laboratory-based aggression paradigm and self-report measures of violence history in a sample of 35 undergraduate males with an average age of 19.38 (SD = 2.11), this study found that only AgC was positively associated with in vivo aggression (r = .40, p = .02). None of the Rorschach measures of aggression were significantly associated with self-reported violence history, although there were several trends approaching significance. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
Asymmetric magnetoresistance in an exchange bias Co/CoO bilayer.

Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements are carried out on a Co(8 nm)/CoO(3.5 nm) bilayer in the exchange bias (EB) state prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. With the applied magnetic field parallel to the current, the EB MR curves show an asymmetric behavior about the minimum, in contrast to the symmetric one for non-EB systems. We generalize a well-known analytical expression used for the field dependence of the MR of paramagnets. Our generalization incorporates coercivity and EB in a new phenomenological MR expression. Excellent fits of the latter to the experimental MR data are achieved, showing the way to use MR techniques for the quantitative characterization of EB systems. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the EB field obtained from MR loops can be described with a power law, which yields a value of 96.6 K for the EB blocking temperature, which is significantly below the Neel temperature of 293 K for bulk CoO.
Type I and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as opposite effectors of lymphocyte mitogenesis.

THE role of cyclic AMP in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation has been extensively investigated in many cell types following various growth stimuli1,2. In recent years, peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with antigens3, plant lectins4, lipopolysaccharides5, or periodate oxidation6 have served as a model system for assessing whether cyclic AMP is involved in the regulation of the mitogenic response promoted in these cells by the above classes of agents7,8. There are two conflicting hypotheses, as outlined by Friedman1, concerning the role of cyclic AMP in lymphocyte proliferation. The first hypothesis suggests that the increase in cyclic AMP levels following mitogen stimulation8 and the subsequent increase in 32P incorporated into F1 histones9 and certain cystosol proteins10 implicates cyclic AMP as a positive mediator of mitogenesis in lymphocytes. The other hypothesis reasons that cyclic AMP inhibits proliferation, and this hypothesis is supported primarily by observations from several laboratories that raising the intracellular cyclic AMP level through the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors11, prostaglandins12, or cyclic AMP analogues11,13–15 effectively inhibits mitogen-stimulated RNA and DNA synthesis. We present here evidence that may help resolve this apparent paradox. Incubation of Ficoll–Hypaque purified human peripheral blood lymphocytes with concanavalin A (conA) leads to the activation of only type I cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in these cells even though there are significant amounts of both type I and type II kinase present. But, the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) to the conA-stimulated lymphocytes at a concentration sufficient to block the synthesis of RNA and DNA results in the activation of both type I and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. It therefore seems likely that while the activation of type I protein kinase represents a positive component in the progression of events promoted in a lymphocyte by a mitogenic signal (as it does in other cell types in which a trophic response is evoked), the activation of type II protein kinase (or perhaps types I and II in concert) represents a mechanism by which a negative influence can be imposed on the proliferative process by the generation of abnormally high levels of intracellular cyclic AMP.
Comprehensive dynamic battery modeling for PHEV applications

With the increasing demand in PHEV safety, performance, etc., the PHEV applications require a battery model which can accurately reflect and predict the battery performance under different dynamic loads, environmental conditions, and battery conditions. An accurate battery model is the basis of the precise battery state (state of charge, state of health and state of function) estimation. And the precise battery state information can be used to enable the optimal control over the battery's charging/discharging process, therefore to manage the battery to its optimal usage, prolong the battery life, and enable vehicle to grid and vehicle to home applications fitting into the future smart grid scenario. One of the challenges in constructing such a model is to accurately reflect the highly nonlinear battery I-V performance, such as the battery's relaxation effect and the hysteresis effect. This paper will mainly focus on the relaxation effect modeling. The relaxation effect will be modeled through series connected RC circuits. Accuracy analysis demonstrates that with more RC circuit the battery model gives better accuracy, yet increases the total computational time. Therefore, to select an appropriate battery model for a certain PHEV application is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem balancing between the model accuracy and the computational complexity within the constraints set by the minimum accuracy required and the maximum computational time allowed. This multi-objective optimization problem is mapped into a weighted optimization problem to solve.
Crisis in Allende's Chile: New Perspectives

Spanish Glossary Preface Introduction: Conceptual Framework The Impact of External Actors U.S. Involvement in Chile Other Actors in the International System The Impact of Domestic Actors Interest Groups Chilean Military: The Threat From Within Political Opposition: Gradual Legitimation of the Coup Political Structure The Economic Dimension: The Limits to Change Problems Within the Decision-Making Elite The Decision-Making Elite: A Disunited Popular Unity The Burden of Allende: Misperception of Political Reality Coupled with Ideological Divisionism Within the Coalition Crisis Behavior Pre-Crisis Period The Crisis Period Conclusion Selected Bibliography List of Newspapers, Wire Services, and Periodicals Index
Democracy Growing Up: Authority, Autonomy, and Passion in Tocqueville's Democracy in America

Democracy Growing Up: Authority, Autonomy, and Passion in Tocqueville's Democracy in America. By Laura Janara. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 256p. 25.95 paper.A professor used to remark that “you can say that Hobbes is about dairy farming if you back it up.” Laura Janara writes that Tocqueville's Democracy in America is about embryology, the feminine and masculine, gestation, birth, and gender relations, and she backs it up.
Distributed resource exchange: Virtualized resource management for SR-IOV InfiniBand clusters

The commoditization of high performance interconnects, like 40+ Gbps InfiniBand, and the emergence of low-overhead I/O virtualization solutions based on SR-IOV, is enabling the proliferation of such fabrics in virtualized datacenters and cloud computing platforms. As a result, such platforms are better equipped to execute workloads with diverse I/O requirements, ranging from throughput-intensive applications, such as `big data' analytics, to latency-sensitive applications, such as online applications with strict response-time guarantees. Improvements are also seen for the virtualization infrastructures used in data center settings, where high virtualized I/O performance supported by high-end fabrics enables more applications to be configured and deployed in multiple VMs - VM ensembles (VMEs) - distributed and communicating across multiple datacenter nodes. A challenge for I/O-intensive VM ensembles is the efficient management of the virtualized I/O and compute resources they share with other consolidated applications, particularly in lieu of VME-level SLA requirements like those pertaining to low or predictable end-to-end latencies for applications comprised of sets of interacting services. This paper addresses this challenge by presenting a management solution able to consider such SLA requirements, by supporting diverse SLA-aware policies, such as those maintaining bounded SLA guarantees for all VMEs, or those that minimize the impact of misbehaving VMEs. The management solution, termed Distributed Resource Exchange (DRX), borrows techniques from principles of microeconomics, and uses online resource pricing methods to provide mechanisms for such distributed and coordinated resource management. DRX and its mechanisms allow policies to be deployed on such a cluster in order to provide SLA guarantees to some applications by charging all the interfering VMEs `equally' or based on the `hurt', i.e. amount of I/O performed by the VMEs. While these mechanisms are general, our implementation is specifically for SR-IOV-based fabrics like InfiniBand and the KVM hypervisor. Our experimental evaluation consists of workloads representative of data-analytics, transactional and parallel benchmarks. The results demonstrate the feasibility of DRX and its utility to maintain SLA for transactional applications. We also show that the impact to the interfering workloads is also within acceptable bounds for certain policies.
A Mapping Process for Identifying and Enhancing Public Health Education in Required Medical Student Clerkships

Abstract This is one of six short papers that describe additional innovations to help integrate public health into medical education; these were featured in the “Patients and Populations: Public Health in Medical Education” conference. They represent relatively new endeavors or curricular components that had not been explored in prior publications. Although evaluation data are lacking, it was felt that sharing a description of the mapping process for linking public health competencies to clinical clerkship activities at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health would be of value to medical educators.
Gradients of potential fields on rough surfaces: Perturbative calculation of the singularity distribution function f(α) for small surface dimension

An exact solution to the Laplace equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a simple boundary is used in an iterative fashion to study the case of a stochastic rough surface with fractal dimension D=2+\ensuremath{\epsilon}. For small \ensuremath{\epsilon}, an analytic expression is derived for the spectrum of singularities f(\ensuremath{\alpha}) of the gradient of the potential normal to the boundary, using the random multiplier approach. A binomial approximation to the multiplicative process is shown to severely underestimate f(\ensuremath{\alpha}) for low values of \ensuremath{\alpha}.
Equilibrium, kinetics, diffusion and self-association of proteins at membrane surfaces: measurement by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy.

— The equilibrium, kinetics, diffusion and self-association of proteins at membrane/solution interfaces may deviate substantially from these processes in bulk solution. A set of methods for examining these phenomena combines substrate-supported planar model membranes and the use of evanescent illumination with laser-based, quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Measurement of the steady-state, surface-associated fluorescence can be used to examine the thermodynamic properties of proteins at membranes. When combined with fluorescence photobleaching recovery, this technique provides information about membrane-binding kinetics; and when combined with fluorescence pattern photobleaching recovery, measurement of the translational diffusion coefficients of proteins weakly bound to membranes is possible. The use of polarized evanescent illumination can provide information about the orientation distributions of adsorbed fluorophores. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy provides information about the self-association (e.g. dimerization) of membrane-associated proteins.
Radiative transfer and multiple scattering of diffuse ultrasound in polycrystalline media

A model is presented for the mtltiply scattered incoherent field in a continuous polycrystalline elastic medium. Unlike a previous, development based upon energy conservation considerations [J. A. Turner and R. L. Weaver, J..a.coust. Soc. Am. 93, 2312 (A) (1993)] for a medium containing discrete random scatterers, the pt(sent model has been developed from the wave equation and first principles. Appropriate ensemble averaging of the wave equation leads to Dyson and BetheSalpeter equations which govern the mean Green's function and the covariance of the Green's function, respectively. These equations are expanded for weak heterogeneity and equations of radiative transfer are obtained. TIt e result is valid for attenuations that are small compared with a
Amplifier similaritons in a fiber laser

Parabolic self-similar pulses in an amplifier are realized theoretically and experimentally within a fiber oscillator. In addition to its fundamental importance, this new mode-locking regime offers ultrashort pulse durations from normal-dispersion sources.
The apparent effect of iron supplementation on serum selenium levels in teenage pregnancy.

Numerous studies have suggested a significant role of selenium in the prevention of gynecological carcinoma. These were epidemiological and prospective in humans and therapeutic in laboratory animals. However, no studies have been reported regarding the normal serum selenium levels during pregnancy. The maternal total blood volume increases 30–50% during the second and third trimesters, resulting in lower measured serum levels for those metabolites, which are not increased significantly during pregnancy. A longitudinal study of the serum selenium levels in teenage pregnancy during the last two trimesters and 3 mo postpartum showed progressive elevation from 49±7 µg/dL after the 32nd week of pregnancy to 114±7 µg/dL at term, which was statistically significant (p≤0.001). Prenatal supplementation with 18 mg of iron per day prevented this elevation. The results of this study suggest that serum selenium levels in women normally double during pregnancy and this doubling is prevented by the minimal daily supplementation of 18 mg of iron, which may be due to increased absorption of selenium into the erythrocytes and incorporation into the glutathione peroxidase enzyme.
Complexity should be accounted for in dose assessment for transarterial chemoembolization

Purpose There is variation in radiation dose across patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The complexity or variation in work effort during TACE is impacted by the number of arteries treated in each session. With the introduction of C-arm cone beam CT (CBCT), more vessels may be treated per session. To better predict dose, compare operators, and set substantial radiation dose thresholds, radiation doses should be normalized to procedure complexity. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing TACE from 2004 to 2009 was performed with IRB approval. Group 1 (n=40) included those in which TACE was performed prior to the introduction of CBCT and Group 2 (n=82) included patients after its introduction. Data included demographics and procedural data, including dose metrics and the number of vessels embolized. Reference air kerma (Ka,r), dose area product (DAP), the number of digital acquisition frames, fluoroscopy time (FT), the contribution of DSA to DAP and Ka,r, Ka,r and DAP exclusive of CBCT, and number of vessels embolized were compared between the two periods. Dose metrics normalized to the number of vessels embolized were also compared. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for data analysis. Results Overall there was a significant increase (P Conclusion More arteries are embolized per session when CBCT is used during TACE. While many total dose metrics increased after the introduction of CBCT, these increases were not significant when dose metrics were normalized to the number of vessels embolized.
Using regional wildlife surveys to assess the CRP: scale and data‐quality issues

ABSTRACT Evidence that the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has resulted in large-scale increases in populations of grassland birds is limited. Detecting large-scale CRP effects is difficult because agricultural landscapes are complex, dynamic systems where many concurrent changes are occurring across space and time, and CRP is only one of many factors influencing wildlife populations. Trying to isolate and quantify the contribution of CRP to large-scale population changes under these conditions is extremely difficult and tenuous. Data-quality issues affecting many large-scale monitoring programs exacerbate the problem. We use a case study of land-use and pheasant-monitoring data in Minnesota from 1974–1997 to illustrate these problems. In our example, roadside counts of Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were correlated positively with percent of CRP grasslands within 1.6 km of survey routes, but the predicted change in mean pheasant counts (pre-CRP vs. CRP) was negative in three of five regions despite the addition of up to 8% CRP grasslands. We also documented concurrent losses (1.8%–6.1% per year) of alternative reproductive habitats that apparently counteracted the positive association between pheasant counts and CRP abundance. These results illustrate the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of Farm Bill effects on wildlife, including commodity provisions that lead to conversion of pasture, hayland, and small grains to row crops.
Objective classification of vehicle seat discomfort

The objective of this study was to identify how physiological measures relate to self-reported vehicle seating discomfort. Twelve subjects of varied anthropometric characteristics were enrolled in the study. Subjects sat in two seats over a 2-h period and were evaluated via three physiological measures (near-infrared spectroscopy, electromyography and pressure mapping) yielding six testing sessions. Subjective discomfort surveys were recorded before and after each session for nine regions of the body. Conditional classification discomfort models were developed through dichotomised physiological responses and anthropometry to predict subjective discomfort in specific body locations. Models revealed that subjects taller than 171 cm with reduced blood oxygenation in the biceps femoris or constant, low-level muscle activity in the trapezius tended to report discomfort in the lower extremities or neck, respectively. Subjects weighing less than 58 kg with reduced blood oxygenation in the biceps femoris or uneve...
Final dissolved organic carbon broad community intercalibration and preliminary use of DOC reference materials

Abstract A broad community intercalibration exercise for accurate measurement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in seawater has been carried out over a period of 5 years. A set of 10 natural samples with DOC content from 40 to 200 μM C were accompanied by two glucose standards and a “zero C” blank; all sealed in glass ampoules. Samples were sent to all interested analysts for “blind” analysis; 62 laboratories in 17 countries participated. A total of 59 separate analyses were determined to be acceptable by screening criteria based on standards and blank; another nine sets of analyses did not pass the screening. The majority of the analyses, both those passing and those that did not, were performed with high temperature combustion (HTC) methods, six sets of analyses were done using wet chemical oxidation methods. From the 53 sets of acceptable HTC analyses, the coefficient of variation (%CV) for analytical comparability of the samples was 10% (“community precision”). It is estimated that the individual replicate injection precision for most instruments was approximately 2% and that no additional variability was caused by differences within the ampoules of individual samples. The additional variability over 2% was likely a result of both random and systematic differences in analytical capabilities from instrument to instrument and from day to day for individual instruments. With an arbitrary selection after the fact, smaller subsets of analysts can show comparability better than 10% and duplicate or triplicate runs on different days of the full sets of samples in several laboratories showed comparability in the 2–6.5% range. Experienced oceanic analysts, with internal or shared reference materials, can now show reproducibility and comparability at a level closer to 2%. Preliminary use of DOC reference materials by 14 participants showed day-to-day reproducibilities for their laboratories in the 2–6% range in most cases; several with poorer reproducibility do not normally perform DOC analyses on samples with concentrations as low as the deep ocean reference used here. Use of these reference materials can also give a demonstration of comparability between laboratories. For credibility of DOC analyses, it is necessary for analysts to use community reference materials and report results of their analytical performance with these references. This paper does not identify individual data nor should it be considered an evaluation of individual laboratories or analysts. The purpose is to show the summary picture of the international community of DOC analysts as it existed in the mid- to late 1990s.
Detection of Interactive Effects in Carcinogenesis

The multistage theory for cancer is used to derive models for independent effects and for interactive effects of two carcinogenic agents. The derivation assumes that a tumor is of single cell origin and that a normal cell is transformed to a cancer cell by undergoing a finite number of irreversible, heritable, mutation-like transitions. The interactions enter the proposed models at the level of single cell transition rates rather than, as is conventional, at the level of animal response proportions. Suggestions are given for the design and analysis of fixed time, binary response, two factor, cancer bioassay experiments.
Petrology and Provenance of the Neogene Usibelli Group and Nenana Gravel: Implications for the Denudation History of the Central Alaska Range

ABSTRACT Neogene basins exposed along the north-central flank of the Alaska Range record the geologic development of the highest mountain range in North America. Strata from these basins consist of the Miocene Usibelli Group ( 600 m thick) and the Pliocene Nenana Gravel ( 1000 m thick). Petrographic analyses of 54 sandstone thin sections and 36 conglomerate clast counts from one of these basins, the Healy Creek basin, delineate two distinct petrofacies. A stratigraphically older, quartz-rich petrofacies defines the Healy Creek, Suntrana, and Lignite Creek Formations of the Usibelli Group. A stratigraphically younger, lithic-rich petrofacies defines the Nenana Gravel. Sandstones of the lower petrofacies are characterized by a dominance of quartz (Q60F27L12; Qm33F28Lt39) and a high proportion of polycrystalline quartz (Qp68Lvm21Lsm11). Schist and quartz clasts are common in conglomerates from this petrofacies. Imbricated conglomerate clasts and planar cross-stratification indicate southward to southwestward paleoflow for this quartz-rich petrofacies. Relative to the lower petrofacies, sandstones of the upper petrofacies are defined by a dominance of lithic fragments (Q3919L43; Qm16F21Lt63), a lower proportion of polycrystalline quartz, and a higher proportion of volcanic lithic fragments (Qp37Lvm55Lsm8). Conglomerate clast compositions in this petrofacies consist mainly of sedimentary and igneous clasts. This lithic rich petrofacies is dominated by northward paleocurrent indicators. The compositional and paleocurrent data of the Usibelli Group and Nenana Gravel suggest a regional paleodrainage reversal from southward-flowing fluvial systems transporting sediment from the quartz-rich, metamorphic Yukon-Tanana terrane, to northward-flowing fluvial systems transporting sedimentary and igneous detritus from the growing Alaska Range. Superimposed on the first-order tectonic signal are second-order compositional differences. These differences may be related to a combination of factors but appear to be consistent with well documented changes in paleoclimate. For example, sandstones deposited during the warmest and wettest paleoclimates are characterized by a relative enrichment in quartz, especially polycrystalline quartz (Healy Creek Formation, Q81F16L3, Qp93Lvm3Lsm4; Suntrana Formation, Q61F25L14, Qp66Lvm25Lsm9). Sandstones deposited during cooler and drier climates, in contrast, have lower proportions of quartz and higher proportions of feldspar and lithic fragments (Lignite Creek Formation, Q45F33L14, Qp56Lvm28Lsm17). Our analysis cannot account for all the possible influences on sandstone compositions during deposition of the Usibelli Group, but we contend that the apparent correlation between sandstone composition and changes in paleoclimate suggest that climatic modification of sandstone composition may have been significant.
Symmetry-breaking substitutions of [Re(CN)8]3− into the centered, face-capped octahedral clusters (CH3OH)24M9M′6(CN)48 (M = Mn, Co; M′ = Mo, W)

The diamagnetic complex [Re(CN)8]3− is shown to react with Mn2+ ions in methanol to generate the centered, face-capped octahedral cluster (CH3OH)24Mn9Re6(CN)48, which is structurally analogous to (CH3OH)24Mn9Mo6(CN)48. Related reactions involving stoichiometric mixtures of octacyanometalate complexes generate the substituted species (CH3OH)24Mn9Mo5Re(CN)48, (CH3OH)24Co9Mo5Re(CN)48, (CH3OH)24Mn9Mo3Re3(CN)48, (CH3OH)24Mn9W5Re(CN)48 and (CH3OH)24Co9W5Re(CN)48, in which the Oh symmetry of the cluster core is broken. Reassessment of the magnetic properties of the Mn9Mo6(CN)48 cluster confirm that it possesses a ground state spin of S = 39/2, but does not exhibit single-molecule-magnet behavior. Lowering the symmetry of the molecule by substitutions of ReV at one or three of the MoV sites does not lead to an overall increase in the magnetic anisotropy, as probed by ac magnetic susceptibility measurements. A similar result occurs for the other substituted species, with the important exception of the new single-molecule magnet (CH3OH)24Co9W5Re(CN)48, for which the spin reversal barrier is significantly reduced relative to that observed previously in (CH3OH)24Co9W6(CN)48.
A New Look at an Old Research Method: Photo‐Elicitation

The old adage, a picture is worth a thousand words, has special meaning in the world of research with international students as research participants. The incorporation of photos taken by the research participants to generate thoughts and ease communication is invaluable and can often result in rich, highly detailed interviews that provide insights and information that were not otherwise found through the other interview methods. The qualitative research method of using photos is called photo-elicitation. Once commonly used in field studies, photo-elicitation had fallen into disfavor with qualitative researchers. Now, despite a renewed interest in using photographs in interviews, it is far from common. This is unfortunate because photo-elicitation has particular value in a case study research that involves international students. What follows is a glimpse into photo-elicitation used for research purposes.