cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plains and channels in the Lunae Planum—Chryse Planitia Region of Mars

The Lunae Planum-Chryse Planitia region provides the opportunity to study a sequence of channeling events and to determine their temporal and genetic relationships to plains units in the northern hemisphere of Mars. Two sets of small channels and four major channel systems can be divided into four periods of channeling by superposition and contact relationships to the plains. All of the channels are considered to have formed by water erosion. The first two channeling events occurred early in the history of this area and formed small, narrow channels within the old rugged terrain. These channel events were separated by deposition of a mantle unit. The small channels probably formed by runoff of surface water or by a sapping process. These channels preceded the emplacement of vast volcanic plains in both Lunae Planum and Chryse Planitia. Channels postdating the plains are Vedra, Maumee, Bahram, and Maja valles; the first three of these deposited a sedimentary unit on the western slope of Chryse Planitia that was eroded by Maja Vallis. These large-scale channels were probably formed predominantly by catastrophic floods and may represent two periods of water release from Juventae Chasma. The origin of Bahram Vallis remains uncertain.
Anomalous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic behavior of synthetic peptides related to antigenic helper T cell sites.

Sets of overlapping synthetic peptides for three well characterized proteins (sperm whale myoglobin, hen egg lysozyme, and the circumsporozoite protein from Plasmodium falciparum) were prepared and examined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Using retention coefficients to predict the retention time of each peptide, several peptides in each protein set were found that exhibited anomalous behavior (i.e. eluted significantly later than predicted). Previous work with model peptides has shown that this anomalous behavior can be attributed to specific amphipathic arrangements induced by the lipid stationary phase during the RP-HPLC process. In the current study it was found that although not all of the peptides containing an antigenic T cell site displayed anomalously late behavior, all of the peptides which eluted anomalously late during RP-HPLC included the regions of these proteins known from earlier studies to be antigenic T cell sites.
OBFUSCATION OF ALLOSTERIC STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS BY ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION

Abstract The pH and temperature dependence of the allosteric properties of phosphofructokinase (PFK) from Bacillus stearothermophilus have been studied from 5 to 9 and 6 to 40°C, respectively. Throughout this pH and temperature range the allosteric ligands MgADP and phospho( enol )pyruvate (PEP) have no effect on k cat . The dissociation constants of the substrate, fructose 6-phosphate, and the allosteric ligands, as well as the absolute value of the coupling free energies between these ligands, all increase when the pH is raised, indicating that the inhibition by PEP and the activation by MgADP increase despite each ligand's somewhat lower affinity. However, the constituent coupling enthalpies and entropies substantially diminish in absolute value as pH is increased, suggesting that the magnitudes of molecular perturbations engendered by the binding of allosteric ligands do not correlate with the magnitudes of the functional consequences of those perturbations. Temperature and pH exert their influence on the observed allosteric behavior by changing the relative contributions made by the largely compensating Δ H and T Δ S terms to the coupling free energy.
Scaphotrapezium-trapezoid arthrosis.

A 64-year-old right-handed woman presents with sev-eral months of radial-sided right wrist pain, speciﬁcallywith opening jars and pinching. Examination demon-strates tenderness to palpation over the thenar emi-nence, just distal to the scaphoid tuberosity, and swell-ing over the distal ﬂexor carpi radialis tendon.Radiographs demonstrate severe degenerative changesof the scaphotrapezium-trapezoid (STT) joint and nocarpal malalignment. She is unsatisﬁed with nonsurgi-cal treatment and asks about surgical options.
Matrix isolation study of intermediates in the reaction of CrCl 2 O 2 with CH 3 SH and (CH 3 ) 2 S

Abstract Initial and secondary intermediates in the reaction of CrCl 2 O 2 with CH 3 SH and (CH 3 ) 2 S have been characterized by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and density functional calculations. Twin jet codeposition of these reagents led to a series of infrared absorptions that are assigned to the 1:1 molecular complexes CH 3 SH·CrCl 2 O 2 and (CH 3 ) 2 S·CrCl 2 O 2 . The complexes were characterized by the shifts of Cr O, Cr–Cl and S–H stretching modes. Irradiation of these matrices with light of λ >300 nm led to complete destruction of the complexes, and for each system the growth of a number of new bands. For the CH 3 SH/CrCl 2 O 2 system, these are assigned to the ClCr(O) 2 SCH 3 species, as well as to HCl arising from destruction of the complex. Identification of these species was supported by deuterium labeling as well as by density functional calculations. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and computed frequencies. For the (CH 3 ) 2 S/CrCl 2 O 2 system, photolysis product bands are tentatively assigned to CH 3 Cl and ClCr(O) 2 SCH 3 .
Modernization and rural health in Mexico: the case of the Tepalcatepec Commission.

Mexican policymakers instituted community-based health programs in the 1940s and 1950s to encourage rural participation in state-sponsored health and economic development initiatives. The Tepalcatepec Commission (1947–1961) united previously independent government programs into a multi-tiered collaboration that addressed regional development through national, state, and local networks. While national policymakers and state officials designed plans to improve agricultural production, promote industrialization, utilize the area's natural resources, and expand communication channels, health workers established unprecedented relationships with indigenous community members by introducing the Commission's projects in culturally relevant ways. They used their on-the-ground experiences to learn local languages, customs, and beliefs, and incorporated these factors into their health education and disease treatment campaigns. The result serves as an example of short-term cooperative relationships between healthcare workers and indigenous groups that not only reduced the major health risks in the area, but also paved the way for collective economic development.
Polymer attached catalysts: A comparison between polystyrene attached and homogeneous Rh(I) Hydro- genation catalysts

Abstract Homogeneous catalysts attached to phosphinated polystyrene retain their basic inherent activity. However, in some cases, the characteristics of the catalyst are modulated by the polymer properties. Rhodium(I) hydrogen- ation catalyst attached to phosphinate polystyrene which was prepared from chloromethylated polystyrene (2% cross-linked) showed variable selectivity for primary and secondary olefins. It was found that the selectivity was dependent on the mode of preparation and the presence of residual nonpoly- meric ligands remaining after the preparation. The ratio of the rates of reduc- tion of 1-hexene/cyclohexene varied from 1.2 to 0.7 depending on the prepa- ration. For comparison, the catalytic activity and selectivity of homogeneous benzyldiphenylphosphine rhodium(I) complexes was determined. These com- plexes show different characteristics from corresponding triphenylphosphine complexes. Using these results as a guide, it was shown that the structure of the complex was a function of loading of the metal on the polymer.
Fluctuations in cognitive function in dementia with Lewy bodies.

1This clinical phenotype reflects the presence of cortical Lewy bodies, commonly in association with neuritic plaques of the Alzheimer’s type. Of the core clinical features of DLB, fluctuations in cognitive function have proven the most difficult to characterise. Electroencephalographic studies suggest that fluctuations of seconds in duration occur more commonly in patients with DLB than in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 2 and carers report fluctuations in cognitive function that may persist for hours to days in patients with AD. Fluctuations may represent brief interruptions of consciousness, periods of increased confusion and cognitive impairment, episodes of diminished arousal, or what seem to be periods of prolonged sleep. Rating scales have been developed to help assess these fluctuations but many issues are unresolved.
Axion-familon model with a harmless 17 keV neutrino☆

Abstract A model is discussed in which e + τ - μ emerges as an approximate, but very good, accidental symmetry of the lepton mass matrices. Consequently a heavy neutrino can be accommodated without conflicts with ν μ oscillation or neutrinoless double β decay data. The model has a Goldstone boson which may be interpreted as the axion, the majoron, or a familon. The decay of the heavy neutrino can proceed at a rate just compatible with cosmology if the K + → π + + Goldstone boson branching ratio is at the present experimental limit.
Intratest oxygen isotope variability in the planktonic foraminifer N. pachyderma: Real vs. apparent vital effects by ion microprobe

Abstract Intratest oxygen isotope variations in the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral (left coiling) from North Atlantic core top and multi-net samples were assessed by ion microprobe analysis from 2 to 6 μm spots with precision and accuracy better than 0.7‰ in δ 18 O (2 SD). Within a single foraminiferal test from a core top sample comprising both ontogenetic calcite and outer crust, δ 18 O values vary from 0.5‰ to 3.7‰ [PDB], exceeding the range of equilibrium δ 18 O in the specimens' habitat by a factor of three. The isotopic difference between the ontogenetic calcite and the crust averages 1.8‰. Neither of the two types of foraminiferal calcite precipitates in equilibrium with ambient seawater. The ontogenetic calcite exhibits a negative vital effect Δ 18 O (M-E) ( δ 18 O (measured) − δ 18 O (equilibrium) ) ranging from − 0.5 to − 1‰. The largest negative fractionation is associated to the inner walls of juvenile chambers. In contrast, a positive vital effect of about 0.8‰ was observed in the crust with respect to the highest equilibrium δ 18 O values at water depths below 200 m. Hence two vital effects that are opposite in sign are effective within a single foraminiferal test, indicating that ‘whole test’ values of this species are highly sensitive to the degree of encrustation and amplify or attenuate environmental signals. The negative vital effect of the ontogenetic calcite was verified by ion microprobe analysis of four nonencrusted net-sampled specimens reflecting three different depth intervals. Intra-ontogenetic oxygen isotope ratios in these juvenile tests range from 0.6 to 3.0‰ and exhibit a negative vital effect even larger than that observed in core top samples. Based on these data, the large range of ‘apparent’ vital effects reported for this foraminiferal species can be assessed by a mass balance calculation, assuming that the degree of encrustation is variable.
Experimental Characterization of Electroplastic Elastomers

The following details the preliminary characterization of a new class of stiffness-control active materials currently under development. In these materials described as electroplastic elastomers (EPEs), the Young’s modulus may be controlled via the creation and cleaving of crosslink sites using chemical and/or electrochemical stimulation. Unlike their thermally controlled shape memory polymer counterparts, EPEs do not require a continuous supply of energy to maintain either stiffness state. Ultimately this class of material could demonstrate fast, low power mechanical property control characteristics via the more easily controlled electric stimulus. This paper focuses on development of a rapid characterization method to enable expedited development of this new class of materials.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Response of structurally glazed insulating glass units to wind pressures

Abstract Structural glazing has become a popular method for finishing building exteriors. Structural glazing is a system of bonding glass, stone, or other materials to a building frame using structural silicone seals. Some structural glazing systems use insulating glass (IG) units with structural silicone holding all four sides of an IG unit to a building frame. No mechanical connectors hold the IG units in place. The response of these four-sided structrally glazed IG units to wind pressures is complex. Researchers at Texas Tech University conducted experiments on four-sided structurally glazed IG units. Each structurally glazed IG unit underwent applied simulated wind pressures (negative and positive) on one or both sides of the sample. Instruments measured changes in structural seal and IG seal shapes. This paper discusses the effects of different applied pressures on structural seal and IG seal shapes of a selected test sample.
Lay Abstracts and Summaries: Writing Advice for Scientists

Scientific journals, institutional review boards, and funding sources often require abstracts or research summaries written specifically for the lay public. Making research findings understandable to the public helps raise awareness and speed adoption of practices that may lead to improved health. We provide advice on writing lay abstracts and summaries which includes the following: (1) make reasonable assumptions about grade-level, vocabulary, prior experience, and interests of the audience; (2) practice a verbal explanation with someone from your audience; (3) start writing by using a simple headline followed by a brief and relevant synopsis in common language then expand; (4) read your draft aloud and revise; (5) check readability statistics and simplify as needed; and (6) have both lay audience and peer scientists read your summary to assure that it is accessible to the public while remaining true to the science.
Functional Activity of Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Uterus.

Summary and ConclusionsTissues from 16 leiomyomas were tested for contractility using normal uterine muscle for control. The stimulating substances used were pituitrin, histamine, and ergot.In 11 cases the tumor tissue showed definite response. Uterine muscle usually showed increasing tone in the dying phase while the tumor tissue became unresponsive without change in tone.
Treatment toxicities in long-term survivors of limited small cell lung cancer.

AbstractA total of 211 patients with limited small cell lung cancer were assessed retrospectively for long-term toxicities, treatment-related deaths, and second primaries. All had received treatment with various combinations of doxorubicin, vincristine, cispla-tin, lomustine, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide with or without split-course thoracic radiotherapy (4,000 cGy/10 fractions) and/or split-course prophylactic cranial irradiation (3,600 cGy/10 fractions). Sixty-eight (32%) ofthe patients survived longer than 1.5 years and formed the basis of this study. Debilitating pulmonary, cardiac, and neurologic toxicity was noted in 12%, 14%, and 15%, respectively, of long-term survivors. These complications were the result of aggressive combined modality therapy. Certain drugs appeared to cause additive toxicity when combined with radiation. Three patients developed new primary tumors of squamous cell origin. Attention must be directed to defining the safest way to employ aggressive combined modality treatment ...
Fluorinated surfactant templating of vinyl-functionalized nanoporous silica

AbstractOrdered nanoporous vinyl-functionalized silica materials are synthesized by the one-pot (direct) synthesis method using threecationic ﬂuorinated surfactants (C 6 F 13 C 2 H 4 NC 5 H 5 Cl, C 8 F 17 C 2 H 4 NC 5 H 5 Cl and C 10 F 21 C 2 H 4 NC 5 H 5 Cl) as templates in basic med-ium under ambient conditions. The materials obtained possess lower degrees of 2D hexagonal closed packed ordering of the poreswhen compared to CTAB templated materials. Increases in vinyl content lead to reductions in pore size as well as material order. Inspite of having smaller pores, bromination experiments suggest that the vinyl groups are more accessible in the ﬂuoro-surfactanttemplated materials. Although conﬁnement of the vinyl groups to the palisade region of the ﬂuorinated micelle templates may con-tribute to this increase in accessibility, reduced pore order in the ﬂuorinated templated materials may also improve the accessibility,as observed here for intentionally disordered CTAB-templated materials. Cationic ﬂuorocarbon surfactants not only have thepotential to be templating agents, but also present the possibility of re-organizing the alignment of organic functional groups inthe pores of organic–inorganic hybrids obtained by direct synthesis. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Expanding Environments and Elementary Education: A Critical Perspective.

Contemporary elementary social studies retains the marks of influence of the expanding environments organizational framework. Developmental theories influenced, and continue to influence, elementar...
Death-associated protein kinase as a sensor of mitochondrial membrane potential: Role of lysosome in mitochondrial toxin-induced cell death

We have investigated here the mechanism of dephosphorylation and activation of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and the role of lysosome in neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) treated with mitochondrial toxins, such as MPP+ and rotenone. Mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors and uncouplers decreased mitochondrial membrane potential leading to DAPK dephosphorylation and activation. The class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors attenuated DAPK dephosphorylation induced by mitochondrial toxins. Complex I inhibition by mitochondrial toxins (e.g. MPP+) resulted in mitochondrial swelling and lysosome reduction. Inhibition of class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase attenuated MPP+-induced lysosome reduction and cell death. The role of DAPK as a sensor of mitochondrial membrane potential in mitochondrial diseases was addressed.
The Lewis acidity of bismuth(III) halides: a DFT analysis

Abstract The Lewis acidity of BiX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) is explored using density-functional theory (DFT) studies of simple complexes with various alcohol and carbonyl substrates. The calculated relative energies of the complexes follow the trend of hardness for BiX3 (Cl>Br>I). The observed halogen exchange reaction of BiCl3 with alcohols and alkyl halides is discussed in terms of the computational results as well as theories of hardness and carbocation stability. The DFT results predict similar activation of substrates by molecular BiI3 relative to BiBr3, which is inconsistent with experimental results, which show no reactivity for the iodide in nonpolar solvents. However, the molecular form is unlikely in these solvents as BiI3 is an ionic salt in contrast to the chloride and bromide, which are covalent solids.
Physiologic Responses of Clients With Essential Hypertension to Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training

The effects of progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure of hypertensive clients were examined. After collection of baseline data, 22 clients received group relaxation training followed by individual monitoring sessions over a 6-week period. The 22 persons in the control group did not receive relaxation training. The group instructed in relaxation had a lower mean systolic blood pressure than the nontrained group at 4-month follow-up. While the relaxation-trained group showed a significant decrease in diastolic pressure from baseline to follow-up, the difference between trained and non-trained groups at follow-up was not significant. Relaxation, taught initially in group with individual follow-up visits, resulted in continued practice of relaxation and subsequent lowering of blood pressure in subjects with essential, uncomplicated hypertension.
Dynamics and causality in industry-specific volatility.

Abstract This paper presents comprehensive empirical evidence on the dynamics and causality within 30 US industry-specific volatilities during July 1963 and June 2008. We find that linear trends are present in 17 of the 30 industry volatilities. Granger-causality tests reveal that the industry of business supplies and the industry of finance are the most important lead indicators of industry volatilities. To uncover contemporaneous causal relationships in the market, we implement an emerging data-driven method of directed acyclic graphs. The results suggest that volatility shocks originating from business supplies, machinery, and consumer goods industries are sources of risks that affect most other industries. By contrast, volatilities in the two traditionally important industries, oil and autos, do not appear to have a substantial influence on other large industries in the contemporaneous time. Finally, business equipment and services, both containing information technology components, are the most important driving forces of the industry volatility surge in the late 1990s.
The William and Mary mentorship model: College students as a resource for the gifted

The William and Mary Mentorship Program for gifted and talented students is a cooperative effort involving the College, local school districts, parents and students. Enrichment programs for gifted students in grades eight through eleven are provided by selected college students who serve as mentors for one semester. Public school students, in consultation with their resource teacher of the gifted, select an area of interest and are matched with college students who possess skills, knowledge and experience in that area. The program, now in its fifth year of operation, is based on a twelve‐step mentor model developed by faculty in the School of Education. Excellence has been demonstrated by an analysis of formative and summative data collected during the past four years. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for developing a program which utilizes the talent of college students as potential mentors.
Contextual Analysis Revisited

This is a response to the immediately preceding article by George Farkas. Readers are directed to the Editor's Note on page 333 above.
Recovery and analysis of peptides from thin layer cellulose.

Abstract Methods are described which permit the recovery and analysis of peptides at the nanomole level in quantitative yield from cellulose thin layers. Although commercial celluloses are contaminated with significant levels of proteins which are not removed by washing and which interfere with amino acid analyses at the nanomole level, the methods described avoid these contaminants and permit amino acid analyses on the extracted peptides. The effect of reaction with ninhydrin or fluorescamine on the recovery of peptides is also described.
Laboratory modules for reinforcement of concepts taught in undergraduate tissue mechanics course

Tissue mechanics is one of the key courses of the Biomechanics subtrack of the undergraduate curriculum. The aims of the course include: 1) To understand the concepts of stress, strain, viscoelasticity and how these concepts apply to musculoskeletal tissues. 2) The ability to infer the state of stress and strain at a given point in a biological structure under torsional, axial, bending and other types of loads. 3) To understand the anatomy of musculoskeletal tissues. Accomplishment of these aims requires a holistic understanding of statics, strength of materials and microanatomy of connective tissues. Conveying this wide range of topics in one class is a major challenge and most textbooks on this subject lack depth either in engineering or in physiology. The purpose of this abstract is to describe the benefits of the integration of theory with experimental practice for bridging the difficult topics of statics, strength of materials and tissue anatomy within the framework of undergraduate biomedical engineering curriculum.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Catalytic properties of molybdenum zeolites in epoxidation reactions: II. Oxidation of cyclohexene

Abstract The liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen, using t -BuOOH as an initiator, was studied over various molybdenum zeolites. The activities of the MoHY, MoHY u , and MoCoHY catalysts have been compared with the activities of HY, HY u , and CoY zeolites, and molybdenum supported on NaY, γ-Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 . Following induction periods ranging from 0 to 12 hr, significant amounts of reaction products, which include cyclohexene oxide, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, and 2-cyclohexen-1-one, were obtained. Analysis of total hydroperoxides indicated that these were also formed during the course of the reaction, presumably as cyclohexenyl hydroperoxide. The conversion to cyclohexene oxide was ca. 25% after 50% conversion. The rate of epoxidation at 65 °C, based on the mass of catalyst, was approximately 7 μmole sec −1 g −1 for the Mo 1.6 Co 3.5 HY zeolite. The importance of acid sites in the hydrogen Y zeolite was found in the decomposition of the initiator and the generation of the peroxy radicals. The catalytic activity for the epoxidation of cyclohexene was shown to result from the heterogeneous molybdenum catalyst; however, a synergistic effect between cobalt and molybdenum was observed with MoCoHY zeolites. For all of the catalysts studied the amount of products confirms that the reaction was catalytic and that the oxygen was largely derived from O 2 rather than the t -BuOOH. Many of the mechanistic aspects in the molybdenum zeolite catalysts were found to be similar to those in the homogeneous systems. As catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclohexene, molybdenum-exchanged zeolites are comparable in activity and selectivity to the more active homogeneous catalysts that previously have been investigated.
Ranking of Agricultural Economics Departments: Influence of Regional Journals, Joint Authorship, and Self-Citations

Citations are increasingly used to indicate the quality of an academic unit's work. The set of literature or journals, however, becomes crucial to any ranking scheme. Citations from the broadly based Social Science Citations Index suggest a different ranking of departments than the ranking obtained from a somewhat narrowly focused set of North American journals of agricultural economics. The paper seeks to determine the influence of regional journals, joint authorship, and self-citations on departmental rankings. Data bases of citations are developed for the faculty of seventy-three departments of agricultural economics in the United States and Canada.
Spontaneous Fluctuations in the Concentrations of Oral Sulfur-containing Gases

Breath hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl-mercaptan (CH3SH) concentrations are used as quantitative indicators of halitosis. However, measurements of these gases in duplicate oral samplings often show poor reproducibility. To determine if this poor reproducibility is an artifact of the collection/analytical procedure or a true biological phenomenon, we used a standardized technique to collect from 20 to 30 oral gas samples at two-minute intervals from 11 healthy subjects. The samples were analyzed for sulfur gases and CO2. Sizable variations in H2S and CH3SH concentrations were not associated with alterations in CO2, indicating that the variations did not reflect variable contamination with atmospheric or pulmonary gas. In addition, fluctuations in H2S and CH3SH were not identical and often were not random. We conclude that minute-to-minute variability in oral sulfur gas concentrations is a true biological phenomenon. This fluctuation complicates experimental studies designed to show that interventions alter halitosis.
3D long fiber-reinforced syntactic foam based on hollow polymeric microspheres

Abstract Composite syntactic foams comprised of amino microspheres reinforced with chopped fibers were fabricated using a phenolic resin binder. Compressive, shear, and tensile strength and moduli were measured in directions parallel and perpendicular to the preferred fiber orientation. The results showed substantial increases in strength and modulus compared with the unreinforced (neat) foam when measured parallel to the preferred fiber orientation. When loaded perpendicular to the dominant fiber orientation, properties were enhanced 30–40%, but when load was applied parallel to the dominant fiber orientation, the compression strength of the composite foam increased by a factor of up to 2; the tensile strength and modulus increased by a factor of up to 7 and 8, respectively, and the shear strength and modulus increased by a factor of up to 3.3 and 2.3, respectively. The fibers were more effective in enhancing the strength of syntactic foams when loads were applied parallel to the dominant fiber orientation.
Two signal high dynamic range and high resolution wideband digital receiver using beat frequency

This paper describes how to build a wideband digital receiver using 2 FFTs with bit-reduced kernels and beat frequency resulting from the square of the sampled input data. It reduces the computation time, increases the instantaneous dynamic range, and improves the frequency resolution if compared with a typical fix point FFT approach. Without losing the generality, a 10 bit A/D converter, 2.56 GHz sampling rate, and 256 points of data processing are used for illustration of this approach. The Matlab simulations are used to compare the new approach with the approach using a 10-bit fix point FFT. The simulation results are tabulated.
Analysis of differential detergent fractions of an AtT-20 cellular homogenate using one- and two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis

Differential detergent fractionation was used to sequentially extract cytosolic, membrane, nuclear, and cytoskeletal fractions from AtT-20 cells. Extracted components were denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and then labeled with the fluorogenic reagent 3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-1-carboxaldehyde. Both capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) were used to separate labeled components by one-dimensional (1D) electrophoresis. Labeled components were also separated by two-dimensional (2D) capillary electrophoresis; CSE was employed in the first dimension and MECC in the second dimension. Roughly 150 fractions were transferred from the first to the second capillary for this comprehensive analysis in 2.5 h.
Global Workspace Theory, its LIDA model and the underlying neuroscience

Abstract A biologically inspired cognitive architecture must draw its insights from what is known from animal (including human) cognition. Such architectures should faithfully model the high-level modules and processes of cognitive neuroscience. Also, biologically inspired cognitive architectures are expected to contribute to the BICA “challenge of creating a real-life computational equivalent of the human mind”. One unified theory of cognition, Global Workspace Theory (GWT) has emerged as the most widely accepted, empirically supported theory of the role of consciousness in cognition. Recent experimental studies reveal rich cortical connectivity capable of supporting a large-scale dynamic network. We propose that brains in fact cyclically and dynamically form such a network according to GWT. The biologically inspired LIDA cognitive architecture implements GWT conceptually and computationally. Here we argue that the LIDA architecture’s breadth, flexible motivations using feelings, explicit attention mechanism, and continual, incremental and online learning in several modalities provide a significant first step in the direction of the BICA challenge. We also measure LIDA against the architectural features listed in the BICA Table of Implemented Cognitive Architectures. Applying recent brain connectivity results, we go on to elucidate the relationship between LIDA and the underlying and motivating neuroscience, using the language of non-linear dynamics. In particular, we claim that LIDA’s representations correspond to basins of attraction in the non-linear dynamics of neural activation patterns. In addition, we claim that the rhythms of LIDA’s cognitive cycle and of its internal cognitive elements have definite psychophysiological corollaries in the oscillatory patterns observed in the human brain.
Determinants of Professional-Parental Agreement for the Developmental Status of Young Handicapped Children

Several factors have resulted in an increased interest on the part of professionals in collecting and using data from parents during assessment procedures conducted with young handicapped children. However, the results of recent studies which have examined differences between the developmental status of the child as described by parents and as evaluated by professionals have been contradictory. Some have concluded that parents provide significantly higher estimates of the child's development, while others have found no such differences. This study was designed to investigate relationships between parent- and child-related demographic variables and percentages of agreement calculated between both mothers and fathers and a diagnostician. Forty mothers and 32 fathers of handicapped children enrolled in early intervention programs were interviewed in order to complete the Developmental Profile. An overall percentage of agreement was calculated for each child by comparing parental data with that obtained by a ...
Characterization of bacterial infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients who received prophylactic levofloxacin with either penicillin or doxycycline.

OBJECTIVE To describe the effect of a combination prophylactic regimen of levofloxacin, a synthetic chemotherapeutic antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class, with either penicillin or doxycycline on the changing epidemiology of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolated organisms in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of all allogeneic HSCT recipients from January 1, 2003, through August 31, 2008, who received prophylactic levofloxacin in combination with penicillin (or with doxycycline in penicillin-allergic patients) from allogeneic stem cell infusion until neutrophil engraftment. RESULTS Of the 258 patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT during the study period, 231 received levofloxacin prophylaxis, 76 (33%) of whom developed an infection within 3 months after transplant. Over time, the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative (GN) infections decreased from 2.11 in 2004, the first year that GN organisms were isolated, to 1.11 in 2008 ( P =.20). Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant GN bacteria was observed ( P =.02), whereas resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactams did not change over time. Combined vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization and infection rates increased during the study period ( P =.04). Clostridium difficile colitis was uncommon. CONCLUSION Levofloxacin with penicillin or doxycycline prophylaxis may contribute to the emergence of resistant GN infections in allogeneic HSCT recipients over time. Our findings provide additional support for the current standard of practice of administering empiric monotherapy with an antipseudomonal β-lactam if these patients develop fever or are suspected to have an infection.
The Color Object Association Test (COAT): the development of a new measure of declarative memory for 18- to 36-month-old toddlers.

Few methods exist to measure declarative (explicit) memory in children during the toddler and preschool stages of development. We report the development and psychometric properties of a new measure of declarative memory for this age group, the Color Object Association Test (COAT). In pilot testing and large scale application of the test, the COAT was demonstrated to be a reliable and a valid measure of declarative memory for healthy children ages 18–36 months, living in a disadvantaged community. The test shows a linear developmental trajectory, which allows longitudinal examination of the development of declarative memory in children.
Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions in a multi-string model

We present a model for ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions based on color string formation and subsequent independent string fragmentation. Strings are formed due to color exchange between quarks at each individual nucleon nucleon collision. The fragmentation is treated as in e + e - or lepton nucleon scattering. Calculation for pp,pA, and A A were carried out using the Monte Carlo code VENUS for Very Energetic NUclear Scattering (version 1.0).
Gallium 67 citrate scintigraphy in pyomyositis.

PyONYOSITIS, single or multiple abscesses in skeletal muscles, has traditionally been considered a tropical disease. In temperate climates its incidence is low; a Norwegian study reported four cases anaong 20,000 autopsies? In the past decade, 20 cases of pyomyositis, which included 14 children, have been reported in the United States. 2-7 The diagnosis of this disease poses difficulties which arise from a lack of familiarity by clinicians and the absence of classical inflammatory signs on the overlying skin. The muscle fascia prevents the inflammatory process in the muscle from extending into the subcutaneous or cutaneous tissues. The initial diagnosis is often a hematoma, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, polymyositis, or neoplasm. Often one to four weeks elapse before a correct diagnosis is made and appropriate treatment is instituted, in four cases, a soft tissue sarcoma was Suspected, resulting in resection of the involved muscle?. ~ Since abscesses may often occur in multiple sites, a search for occult muscle abscesses is necessary. Gallium 67 citrate scintigraphy, originally introduced for the purpose of detecting neoplasms, has been proven to be useful in tracing occult abscesses. 8, ' We report three children With the histologic diagnosis of pyomyositis, in whom a gallium 67 scan was helpful in the early detection and localization of occult abscesses.
Chemical sensitivity analysis theory with applications to molecular dynamics and kinetics

Abstract This paper presents an overview of sensitivity analysis theory for application to chemical problems. The generality of the concept is emphasized with illustrative examples from molecular collision dynamics and chemical kinetics. The article aims to bring sensitivity concepts to the attenton of the chemical community, and in this regard, the paper does not cover extensive algorithmic details which are available in the cited literature. It is shown that sensitivity methods have wide application in fundamental as well as practical problems in numerical modelling and the theory can quantitatively address a host of physical and chemical questions heretofore difficult to treat.
Surry steam generator - examination & evaluation☆

Abstract This report summarizes research conducted during the fourth year of the five year Steam Generator Group Project. During this period the project conducted numerous nondestructive examination (NDE) round robin inspections of the original Surry 2A steam generator. They included data acquisition/analysis and analysis-only round robins using multifrequency bobbin coil eddy current tests. In addition, the generator was nondestructively examined by alternate or advanced techniques including ultrasonics, optical fiber, profilometry and special eddy current instrumentation. The round robin interpretation data were compared. To validate the NDE results and for tube integrity testing, a selection of tubing samples, determined to be representative of the generator, was designated for removal. Initial sample removals from the generator included three sections of tube sheet, two sections of support plate and encompassed tubes, and a number of straight and U-bend tubing sections. Metallographic examination of these sections was initiated. Details of significant results are presented in the following paper.
Paleolimnology of two lakes in the Klutlan Glacier region, Yukon Territory, Canada.

Lakes developed on progressively younger end moraines of the Klutlan Glacier were initially assumed to have originated shortly after moraine emplacement and to have persisted to the present. Limnological differences between lakes on old vs young moraines were thought to result from limnological maturation within the lakes and ponds themselves and in response to the development of soils and vegetation on moraine surfaces. This study represents a paleolimnological test of this hypothesis. If true, the first-formed sediments of lakes on old moraines should be comparable to sediments presently forming in lakes on young moraines. Geochemical and paleontological studies of surface sediment to a series of lakes on progressively older moraines provide baseline information for comparing successive levels of lake sediment cores from older moraines. Results indicate that the time of lake initiation seldom reflects moraine age. Even on the oldest moraine (Harris Creek), lake basins are presently forming. Their sediment character more closely relates to the rapidity of basin formation due to melting of buried ice than to age of the lake itself or of the moraine on which it is situated. Vegetation and soil development play an important but secondary role in determining the character of lake sediments; rapid subsidence can convert humic-water lakes surrounded by second-generation spruce forests into turbid-water lakes with unstable, slumping margins. A detailed paleolimnological study of two lakes, one on the unglaciated upland and another in an outwash channel penetrating the oldest moraine, revealed progressive limnologic changes through time, suggesting that their basins were stable for 1200 and 400 yr, respectively. The changes in diatom stratigraphy of these lakes appear to relate to natural limnological changes associated with lake maturation and accumulation of nutrients as well as to changes in the surrounding vegetation and soils.
The Relative Effects of Home Care Client Characteristics on the Resource Allocation Process: Do Personality and Demeanor Matter?

Purpose: This study measures the differential effects of home care client characteristics typically included in standardized needs assessment protocols, and client characteristics such as attitude or demeanor that arise from the case manager-client interpersonal dynamic during the assessment process, on care plan decisions. Design and Methods: Three hundred fifty-five case managers in Massachusetts' state-funded home care program for elderly persons selected care plan eligibility levels for 2,054 vignette clients generated in accordance with a previously devised factorial vignette survey methodology. Robust regression models estimated the effects of standardized and nonstandardized elderly client characteristics on care plan eligibility level. Results: Client characteristics of physical functioning, psychological functioning, and resources best predicted care plan generosity, in accordance with home care program policy to match services with standardized cues of client need. Nonstandardized client characteristics, however, also significantly predicted care plan generosity. Clients who denied needing home care services were allocated less generous care plans than clients who were passive and appreciative service recipients. This finding persisted when controlling for client disability level and cognitive status. Social work licensure increased this effect. Implications: Results indicate the importance of considering how both standardized and nonstandardized cues of client need affect home care policy implementation. Findings suggest that, although case managers recognize the importance of integrating client care preferences into care planning, additional training is needed to support complex considerations of client autonomy.
PRE-ECLAMPSIA—STILL A DISEASE OF THEORIES

Pre-eclampsia is still one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Despite active research for many decades, the etiology of this disorder exclusive to human pregnancy is an enigma. Recent evidence suggests there may be several underlying causes or predispositions leading to endothelial dysfunction and causing the signs of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema--findings that allow us to make the diagnosis of the "syndrome" of pre-eclampsia. It is obvious that a single mechanism responsible for the syndrome pre-eclampsia does not exist. Instead, several mechanisms can act together and even multiply each other. The search for the underlying cause of this disorder and for a clinical marker to predict which women will develop pre-eclampsia is ongoing, with its prevention being the ultimate goal.
A Method of Designing Simulative Networks

In communication work it is often necessary to design a simple lumped network, the impedance of which approximates at all frequencies that of a certain distributed circuit, such as a transmission line. The present treatment includes a clarified method of making such a design. Former design methods have the common fault that negative circuit constants may be called for. This paper presents a simple method by which the difficulty is avoided. Moreover the best design under the particular circumstances in question may be arrived at quickly and directly. The impedance functions of two common forms of simulative networks are developed and design equations for the establishment of the parameters are presented. Since four elements are to be established it is possible to specify four arbitrary conditions. This is most conveniently handled by specification of the vectorial impedance at two frequencies. The major portion of this paper is concerned with the relation which must exist between these impedances in order that the calculated circuit parameters will all be positive. For the sake of completeness conditions leading to negative parameters are also considered.
Cellular Location and Circadian Rhythm of Expression of the Biological Clock Gene Period 1 in the Mouse Retina

The cellular location and rhythmic expression of Period 1 (Per1) circadian clock gene were examined in the retina of a Per1::GFP transgenic mouse. Mouse Per1 (mPer1) RNA was localized to inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers but was absent in the outer nuclear (photoreceptor) layer. Green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was shown to colocalize with PER1 protein, was found in a few subtypes of amacrine neuron, including those containing tyrosine hydroxylase, calbindin, and calretinin, but not in cholinergic amacrine cells. A small subset of ganglion cells also contained GFP immunoreactivity (GFP-IR), but the melanopsin-containing subtype, which projects to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), lacked GFP-IR. Although the intensity of GFP-IR varied among the populations of amacrine cells at each time point that was examined, both diurnal and circadian rhythms were found for the fraction of neurons showing strong GFP-IR, with peak expression between Zeitgeber/circadian (ZT/CT) times 10 and 14. In SCNs that were examined in the same mice used for the retinal measures, the peak in GFP-IR also occurred at approximately ZT/CT 10. Our results are the first to demonstrate a circadian rhythm of a biological clock component in identified neurons of a mammalian retina.
Designing optimal controllers for communications processes

A design method for controllers of communications processes modeled using a temporal logic framework is introduced. A reachability analysis is accomplished and based on it a controller design procedure is applied using specification requirements. The controller is then optimized following an A* search technique. An example illustrates the methodology. >