cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance of YBa2Cu3Ox with varying oxygen content.

/sup 63/Cu and /sup 65/Cu nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) results of eleven YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ samples with x ranging from 7.00 to 6.00 are reported. All measurements were done at room temperature. An attempt was made to quantify integrated signal intensities. The spin-lattice relaxation times (T/sub 1/) were either shorter than 0.3 ms or longer than 60 ms. Because the short relaxation times are interpreted as arising from the interaction with conduction electrons, the T/sub 1/'s could be used to distinguish between metallic and nonconducting substructures. In the 7.0
Primary interaction between I131 labeled ragweed pollen and antibodies in the sera of humans and rabbits

Abstract 1.1. Ragweed pollen extract was fractionated with 50 per cent saturated ammonium sulfate (SAS) and the supernatant labeled with I 131 . 2.2. When 0.02 γ N of this heterogenous mixture (I∗RW) was incubated with normal human or rabbit sera, approximately 10 per cent was nonspecifically precipitated with the globulins after the addition of 40 per cent SAS. 3.3. After incubation with sera from humans or rabbits immunized with ragweed pollen extract as much as 40 to 60 per cent of the I∗RW was precipitated in 40 per cent SAS. 4.4. Lesser degrees of increased precipitation of I∗RW were demonstrated with as little as 0.5 ml. of a 1:100 ragweed-injected human antiserum or 0.5 ml. of a 1:2000 ragweed-immunized rabbit antiserum. 5.5. That the increased I∗RW precipitated by immune sera after the addition of 40 per cent SAS was due to binding by specific antibody rather than nonspecific co-precipitation was evidenced by: (a) rabbit antisera of high titer for bovine albumin, bovine globulin, human globulin, and Type 12 streptococcal M-protein precipitated no more I∗RW than did normal rabbit serum; (b) excess unlabeled ragweed pollen antigens completely inhibited the binding of I∗RW by human or rabbit anti-ragweed sera; and (c) apparently unrelated antigens did not inhibit the reaction. 6.6. Determinations of the precipitation of I∗RW on different occasions by a pair of selected control sera demonstrated the reproducibility of the method and the stability of the labeled extract.
Microstructural changes in coal during low temperature ashing

Abstract Samples of two US coals were oxidized for 72 hours in a low temperature asher. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and automated electron microprobe analysis were employed to observe the mineralogical changes produced in the coal by the ashing process. It was found that the microstructure of the low temperature ash was strongly influenced by the mineral matter which was originally chemically-bound in the organic matrix of the starting coal. The partial oxidation of pyrite during the ashing was also observed. The results reveal some of the physical mechanisms involved in the low temperature ashing process.
Optimum timing of revascularization for emergent admissions of carotid artery stenosis with infarction.

Abstract Objective There is debate concerning the optimum timing of revascularization for emergent admissions of carotid artery stenosis with infarction. Our intent was to stratify clinical and economic outcomes based on the timing of revascularization. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011. Patients were included if they were admitted non-electively with a primary diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis with infarction and subsequently treated with revascularization. Cases were stratified into four groups based upon the timing of revascularization: (1) within 48-h of admission, (2) between 48-h and day four of hospitalization, (3) between days five and seven, and (4) during the second week of admission. Results 27,839 cases met our inclusion criteria. The lowest odds of iatrogenic complications (OR=0.643, P P Conclusions The present study suggests that the optimum timing of revascularization may be near the end of the first week of hospitalization following acute stroke. However, this study must be cautioned with limitations including its inability to control for critical disease specific variables including symptom severity and degree of stenosis. Prospective examination seems warranted.
Teaching Uncommon and Highly Complex Operations: Maximizing The Teaching and Learning

Teaching complex and uncommon operative procedures require instruction on technical skill and cognitive decision-making frameworks. To understand this dynamic process, several adult learning theories are discussed including the Fitts­Posner's three stage theory, transfer learning theory, and expert performance theory. By understanding how trainees can deconstruct complex task and transfer learning from more basic operative cases, surgical educators can reflect on how they structure and stratify operative and simulation experiences to maximize learning.
Origins of the aqueous corrosion and stress corrosion cracking behavior of ductile nickel aluminide

Abstract The stress corrosion cracking resistance of ductile nickel aluminide, Ni 3 Al + B , was evaluated by conducting experiments in solutions with varying pH and ionic concentration. The results demonstrate that the ductility of this material is greatly reduced and the fracture mode changes from ductile transgranular to brittle intergranular cracking when environmental conditions are favorable for hydrogen absorption during the steady state regardless of the solution composition and pH. The results also indicate that, in the absence of cathodic polarization, this material exhibits ductile behavior during free corrosion in solutions of neutral and alkaline pH. Thermodynamic calculations of the activity of aluminum in nickel aluminide indicate that there is sufficient thermodynamic driving force for hydrogen evolution in these environments. Although the presence of surface films and transport through these films prevent this from occurring during steady state free corrosion, the thermodynamic calculations indicate that hydrogen evolution should occur during the transients that follow film rupture in these environments. To evaluate if hydrogen evolution could occur during film rupture and repassivation, nickel aluminide samples were scratched and the resulting potential transient was monitored. The results indicate that the potential drop during the scratch repassivation event will not cause significant hydrogen evolution and absorption. It is postulated that this discrepancy between the thermodynamic calculations and kinetic behavior is due to the ordering of this A 3 B compound into the Ll 2 structure. To test this hypothesis, samples of Ni 3 Fe, which can be easily ordered and disordered, were tested in the ordered and disordered conditions. The results indicate that ordering significantly alters the repassivation transient that follows scratching in A 3 B-Ll 2 compounds where the more active constituent is the B species.
Nonlinear optics with radio frequency fields

Performing experiments with Rb-atoms and RF fields, we have demonstrated several nonlinear effects, such as multi-photon transitions and excitation of coherence using far-detuned field with different time-shape pulses. Our results agree with our theoretical predictions.
Characterization of the Micro Porous Layer - Catalyst Layer Interface Structure in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

The impact of interfacial contact between the catalyst layer (CL) and diffusion medium (DM) has important implications for the transport of heat, current, and multi-phase flow in the membrane electrode assembly. This work is motivated by the need to obtain a greater understanding of the impact of the micro porous layer (MPL) and CL morphologies and resulting interfacial contact on the fuel cell performance. In this effort, an array of different virgin mating CL and MPL surface structures was investigated. The mating surface morphology of the tested MPL and CL samples were digitally characterized by optical profilometry, a non-destructive imaging technique which measures the 3-D surface topology of samples with a resolution on the order of several nanometers in the vertical direction, and 0.5 to 5 microns in the lateral direction. The benchmark data were utilized in an analytical model developed for virtual reconstruction of a compressed interfacial structure. The results show that for the materials tested, the MPL surface exhibits a higher degree of roughness compared to catalyst surfaces. The MPL surface was observed to have relatively higher roughness than the CL, indicating the potential dominance of the MPL surface morphology on the local transport and interfacial contact across the MPL|CL interface. Elasticity, compression, and uncompressed surface morphology are the key factors controlling the ultimate interfacial contact.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Control of springback in a flanging operation

A “double-bend” technique has been developed for the control of springback in a simple flange operation. A series of steels, whose strength varied from 207 MPa (30 ksi) to 1240 MPa (180 ksi) were evaluated. For ratios of material thickness to bend radii greater than 0.2, it was found that the limiting state was 2 to 3 deg negative springback; however, the higher the strength of the steel, the more the specimen had to be moved between making the bends. The limiting value of the springback is independent of the flow stress of the material; with one die configuration it was possible to obtain approximately 0 deg springback in a flange, even though the flow stress of steels investigated varied from 207 MPa (30 ksi) to 896 MPa (130 ksi). In addition, the use of a single tapered die, which changed the position of the bend continuously during the test, also was shown to produce some reduction in springback.
Effects of diet and exercise on insulin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and prostate-specific antigen

A diet high in fat has been linked to prostate cancer, possibly through an influence on hormones. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds androgens and is regulated in part by insulin. Diet and exercise can modify insulin levels, potentially affecting SHBG and the biologically available levels of androgens. To determine the effects of a low-fat ( 2.5 ng/ml) all showed a decrease. The three-week diet-and-exercise intervention decreased insulin and lipid levels while increasing SHBG. The increase in SHBG would result in more testosterone being bound and, therefore, less of the androgen available to act on the prostate. The decrease in insulin might also decrease mitogenic activity in the prostate. The diet-and-exercise regimen did not have a significant impact on normal PSA levels. Although modest, these changes may be protective against the development of prostate cancer.
Ataque de nervios and history of childhood trauma.

Objective: Ataque de nervios is a common, self-labeled Hispanic folk diagnosis. It typically describes episodic, dramatic outbursts of negative emotion in response to a stressor, sometimes involving destructive behavior. Dissociation and affective dysregulation during such episodes suggested a link to childhood trauma. We therefore assessed psychiatric diagnoses, history of ataque, and childhood trauma in treatment-seeking Hispanic outpatients (N = 70). Significantly more subjects with an anxiety or affective disorder plus ataque reported a history of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and/or or a substance-abusing caretaker than those with psychiatric disorder but no ataque. In some Hispanic individuals, ataque may represent a culturally sanctioned expression of extreme affect dysregulation associated with childhood trauma. Patients with ataque de nervios should receive a thorough traumatic history assessment.
Effect of supine knee position on obstructive sleep apnea

We previously reported a case of a middle-aged man whose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was virtually eliminated when he slept in the supine "knees up" position. In this study, we attempt to replicate this phenomenon in a group of volunteers with previously diagnosed OSA. Results indicated no significant improvement in OSA when sleeping supine knees up. Examination of distribution of within subjects' change [calculated as Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) in the "knees down" position vs RDI in the knees up position] indicated a trend for improvement in the latter (p=0.12, two-tailed probability). These results suggest that knee position is unlikely to be a robust intervention for OSA though they allow for the possibility that some patients may have a moderation of their condition by such a manipulation.
Clonal karyotypic abnormalities of the hereditary multiple exostoses chromosomal loci 8q24.1 (EXT1) and 11p11-12 (EXT2) in patients with sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas

BACKGROUND Osteochondroma most frequently arises sporadically and as a solitary lesion, but also may arise as multiple lesions characterizing the autosomal dominant disorder hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) and the contiguous gene syndromes Langer-Giedion and DEFECT-11 syndromes. HME is genetically heterogeneous with association of three loci including 8q24.1 (EXT1), 11p11-12 (EXT2), and 19p (EXT3). Constitutional chromosomal microdeletions of 8q24.1 and 11p11-12 are features of the Langer-Giedion and DEFECT-11 syndromes, respectively. Cytogenetic studies of osteochondroma are rare. METHODS Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 34 osteochondroma specimens from 22 patients with sporadic lesions and 4 patients with HME utilizing standard methodologies. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome specific probes was performed on three cases to define structural rearrangements further. RESULTS Clonal abnormalities were detected in ten cases. Notably, deletion of 11p11-13 was observed in one case (a sporadic tumor) and loss or rearrangement of 8q22-24.1 in eight cases (seven sporadic and one hereditary tumor). CONCLUSIONS These findings: 1) confirm previous observations of 8q24.1 karyotypic anomalies in sporadic osteochondroma, 2) reveal the presence of somatic chromosomal anomalies in hereditary osteochondromata, 3) suggest that similar to hereditary lesions, sporadic osteochondromas also are genetically heterogeneic (involvement of both 8q24.1 and 11p11-12), and 4) support the hypothesis that loss or mutation of EXT1 and EXT2, two putative tumor suppressor genes, may be important in the pathogenesis of sporadic as well as hereditary osteochondromata. Cancer 1998;82:1657-63. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Qualitative and quantitative high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of monoamine neurotransmitters and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue using reductive electrochemical detection

The application of reductive coulometric electrochemical detection for analysis of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and their common metabolites in brain and cerebrospinal fluid following separation by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography is described. The high sensitivity and screening capabilities of coulometric electrodes permits the accurate quantitation of as little as 3-5 pg of these compounds in tissue following a simple single step purification procedure. Moreover, comparison of peak height ratios obtained from analysis of authentic reference standards and tissue samples at selected multiple electrode potentials provides a straightforward means for qualitative evaluation of peak identification and purity during analysis of biological samples. The method is comparatively inexpensive and precise within and between day coefficients of variation for most compounds range from 2-5%. Thirty samples can be run in duplicate in a 24 h period.
Deletion of UL21 Causes a Delay in the Early Stages of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication Cycle

The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL21 gene encodes a 62-kDa tegument protein with homologs in the alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesvirus subfamilies. In the present study, we characterized a novel UL21-null virus and its genetic repair to determine whether this protein plays a role in early stages of the HSV-1 replication cycle. Single-step growth analyses, protein synthesis time courses, and mRNA quantifications indicated that the absence of UL21 results in a delay early in the HSV-1 replication cycle.
An analysis of rhetorical figures and other linguistic devices in corporation brand slogans

Brand slogans can provide an important supplemental role to brand names and logos in building and cultivating brand images. Research suggests that including some type of rhetorical figure or linguistic device in the design of slogans makes them more influential in eliciting favorable consumer responses. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this suggestion is reflected by slogans being currently and recently used in the marketplace, and if so, which types of linguistic devices are most commonly used. Results indicate that a variety of phonetic, syntactic, and semantic devices are commonly used. Some of the more frequently appearing devices include alliteration, initial plosive, word/phrase repletion, pun, and well-known phrase. The sampling frame for this study was the 2011 Fortune 500.
Optic flow-induced sway in anxiety disorders associated with space and motion discomfort

Abstract This study examined whether anxiety patients with space and motion discomfort (SMD; e.g., fear of heights), like patients with vestibular dysfunction, have increased body sway responses to motion in the visual field. Six patients with panic disorder, agoraphobia, or generalized anxiety disorder, all with symptoms of SMD, and seven asymptomatic nonanxious control subjects were examined. While standing on a force platform, subjects monocularly viewed optic flow (movement) stimuli projected on a screen in a 60° central visual field. The experiment consisted of (a) a baseline (no-flow) period involving three different visual conditions without flow, (b) an optic flow period involving five different conditions of moving visual stimuli, and (c) a postflow period during which the baseline conditions were repeated. Three of the five optic flow stimuli oscillated at a frequency of 3 cycles/10 s (0.3 Hz) in a manner designed to increase anterior-posterior sway. Postural sway measures were decomposed into powers at four frequency bands, one of which (centered at 0.3 Hz) reflected sway that occurred in tandem with the motion of the oscillating flow stimuli. Results indicated that compared with controls, sway in patients showed (a) greater overall levels; (b) greater flow effects, i.e., greater increases during oscillatory flow conditions compared to baseline; (c) a trend toward greater persistence effects, i.e., greater increases from preflow to postflow periods. Four of the six patients showed sway levels exceeding that of normals by two standard deviations. The results indicate that SMD in patients with anxiety disorders is associated with increased reliance on visual cues for maintaining balance. The situation-specific symptoms of SMD may lead to avoidance behaviors and the development of phobia, such as height phobia or agoraphobia.
Strategic Attributes and Performance in the BCG Matrix—A PIMS-Based Analysis of Industrial Product Businesses1

This paper empirically explores the performance tendencies and strategic attributes of businesses in the four cells of the Boston Consulting Group product portfolio matrix. Businesses differed in t...
Role of food intake in the restoration of the liver following partial hepatectomy in albino rats

1. There appears to be a correlation between the amount of food ingested and the degree of restoration of hepatic mass following partial hepatectomy. 2. The loss in body weight of animals that eat what they please can be prevented by forced feeding, which procedure effects a more rapid and greater degree of hepatic restoration. 3. The apparently greater degree of hepatic restoration on a forced feeding regimen, to a certain extent at least, is due to an accumulation of fat in the hepatic cells.
LONG TERM USE OF LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY (LMA) IN NEONATES WITH ROBIN SEQUENCE. 2121

Neonates with Robin sequence (micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis) frequently have severe upper airway obstruction. Depending on the range of severity, treatment modalities include positioning the infants face down, inserting an oropharyngeal airway, endotracheal intubation or long term tracheostomy. Many of these infants may require intubation due to inadequacy of nasal CPAP in presence of a cleft palate. Intubation of these neonates may also be challenging and sometimes impossible. Long term tracheostomy may carry the risks of pneumonia, and impairment of speech development and pharyngeal growth. The use of a LMA (size #1) for anesthesia and in the aid for difficult intubation has been described. We present our experience with three cases of Robin sequence who were treated with long term use of a LMA to relieve upper airway obstruction and deliver CPAP.
Continuous Intravenous Dihydroergotamine in the Treatment of Intractable Headache

We reviewed data on 171 patients with refractory headache treated by continuous intravenous dihydroergotamine mesylate (i.v. DHE 45) and repetitive i.v. DHE and compared the efficacy of continuous i.v. DHE to repetitive i.v. DHE. One hundred (58.5%) patients had refractory chronic daily headache. Seventy-one (42%) had drug rebound headache. One hundred thirty-eight (81%) had refractory migraine without aura, and 28 (16%) had migraine with aura. Treatment consisted of either continuous i.v. DHE by infusion pump or repetitive i.v. DHE and withdrawal of excessively used analgesics, analgesic narcotics, ergotamines, or benzodiazepines. Eighty-nine (92.5%) patients treated with continuous i.v. DHE became headache-free; the majority, 62 (64.5%), within 3 days. Sixty-five (86.5%) patients treated by repetitive i.v. DHE became headache-free, 50 (66.5%) within three days. The average hospital stay for both treatment groups was 4 days. Twelve (12.5%) of the continuous group and 12 (16%) of the repetitive group were headache-free within 24 hours. The average length of time to become headache-free was similar for the two groups, 3.06 days for continuous i.v. DHE and 2.94 days for repetitive i.v. DHE. The most common side effect was nausea, followed by diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. We conclude that DHE can be accurately and easily administered by continuous i.v. infusion pump, and that continuous i.v. DHE is a safe and efficacious mode of treatment producing results similar to repetitive i.v. DHE.
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY ON INTRAVESICAL PRESSURE AND DETRUSOR ACTIVITY

Summary This study was undertaken to determine the effect of simple abdominal hysterectomy on bladder function in the first postoperative week. It was found that initially there was a significant reduction in voluntary capacity, a rise in residual volume and an increase in intravesical pressure but that this was returning to normal after one week. The degree to which these changes occurred did not seem to be related to postoperative disturbances of micturition.
Modeling investment uncertainty in the costs of global CO2 emission policy

This paper investigates the effect that explicit modeling of stochastic returns to investment has on the CO2 abatement policy returned by a large scale macroeconomic model of the United States economy. We find that a policy derived from the mean value deterministic model in which the random variables of the stochastic model have been replaced by their expected value poorly approximates the optimal policy returned by solving the stochastic programming model. We measure this nonoptimality by determining the value of the stochastic solution and investigating the different evolutionary paths that various macroeconomic variables follow. Macroeconomic variables which stray far from their optimal paths when derived under the assumption of a certain mean valued future are as follows: the level of carbon taxation, investment in new energy production technologies, exploration for nonrenewable resources and investment in improved macroeconomic efficiency.
Wavelet-based multiscale level-set curve evolution in noise reduction for MR imaging

In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, there is a tradeoff between the spatial resolution, temporal resolution and signal to noise ratio (SNR). MR images usually suffer from low SNR and low resolutions. In order to make it practical for MR imaging with higher resolutions as well as sufficient SNR, it is necessary to reduce noise efficiently while preserving important image features. In this paper, we propose to use the wavelet-based multiscale level-set curve evolution algorithm to reduce noise for MR imaging. Experimental results demonstrate that this denoising algorithm can significantly improve the SNR and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) for MR images while preserving edges with good visual quality. The denoising results indicate that in MR imaging applications, we can almost doubly improve the temporal resolution or improve the spatial resolution while achieving sufficient SNR, CNR, and satisfactory image quality.
Novel Regulatory Role of Phosphorylated Clathrin Light Chain β in Bovine Brain Coated Vesicles

The 50-kilodalton (kDa) assembly polypeptide of bovine brain clathrin coated vesicles (CCVs) is phosphorylated in a cyclic nucleotide- and Ca2+-independent manner and is dephosphorylated by a Mg2+-ATP-dependent CCV phosphatase. This report provides evidence for modulation of the phosphorylation reaction of the 50-kDa assembly polypeptide by phosphorylated clathrin light chain beta (pLC beta). In vitro, phosphorylated LC beta inhibits phosphorylation of the 50-kDa polypeptide in CCVs. Furthermore, incubation of previously phosphorylated 50-kDa polypeptide in CCVs with phosphorylated LC beta results in a rapid dephosphorylation of the 50-kDa assembly polypeptide. Both phenomena are time and concentration dependent. Monoclonal antibodies to LC beta prevent the modulatory effect of phosphorylated LC beta on the 50-kDa assembly polypeptide phosphorylation in CCVs. The results obtained indicate for the first time, to our knowledge, that phosphorylated LC beta has a modulatory role in CCVs. The data also suggest that phosphorylated LC beta promotes activation of a coated vesicle phosphatase.
BLOOD SERUM LIPID PATTERNS OF ADOLESCENT BOYS FED CORN OIL, PEANUT OIL, OR SAFFLOWER OIL

The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of feeding low-fat diets to adolescent boys based on safflower oil, corn oil, or peanut oil on the fatty acid composition of several blood lipid fractions. Boys (aged 13–16 yr) were divided into three groups of 4–5 subjects each and fed weighed controlled diets containing 20% of calories from the test fats for 22 days. Fasting blood samples were drawn the morning of the first day of the study and the morning following the last day of controlled feeding. Blood serum was fractionated by column chromatography into phospholipid, cholesterol ester, triglyceride, and free fatty acid fractions. These were methylated and fatty acid composition determined by gas chromatography. In general in all fractions, feeding of corn oil or safflower oil resulted in increases in linoleic (C2=18) acid content and increases in oleic (C2=18) acid content. Peanut oil feeding resulted in decrease or little change in linoleic acid content and increase in oleic acid content. Results of this study suggest that peanut oil would be better classified with such animal fats as butter oil and beef tallow in human metabolic response than with such vegetable oils as corn oil or safflower oil.
The effects of digit‐direction on eye movement bias and price‐rounding behavior

Purpose – This paper aims to suggest that individuals are either consciously or non‐consciously aware of the left‐right (forward/backward) orientation of numeric digits. The purpose of the studies is to demonstrate that the “directionality” (left‐ or right‐facing nature) of numerals, and the resultant eye movement bias that this directionality creates may affect the degree to which consumers attend to, or focus upon, the various digits in a price. The degree of attention paid to these digits will, in turn, impact consumers' price‐encoding strategies. It is argued that the use of left (right)‐facing digits may increase (decrease) the likelihood that consumers will employ a truncation (i.e. rounding down) price‐encoding strategy.Design/methodology/approach – The paper contains two experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects were exposed to one of four ads containing regular and sale prices. The prices were placed at opposite ends of the Mueller‐Lyer illusion, with the prices substituting for the “extraneous stim...
Shift of the magnetoresistance oscillation maxima due to an electric field in InSb

Abstract The transverse magnetoresistance of InSb ( n = 1.7 × 10 15 / cm 3 ) is measured at liquid helium temperatures for various electric fields. It is found that either increasing the lattice temperature or increasing the electric field affects the magnetoresistance and associated Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the same way. An electron temperature may then be defined, at least for moderate electric fields ≤ 0.1 V / cm.
Development of Generic Field Classes for Finite Element and Finite Difference Problems

This article considers the development of a reusable object-oriented array library, as well as the use of this library in the construction of finite difference and finite element codes. The classes in this array library are also generic enough to be used to construct other classes specific to finite difference and finite element methods. We demonstrate the usefulness of this library by inserting it into two existing object-oriented scientific codes developed at Sandia National Laboratories. One of these codes is based on finite difference methods, whereas the other is based on finite element methods. Previously, these codes were separately maintained across a variety of sequential and parallel computing platforms. The use of object-oriented programming allows both codes to make use of common base classes. This offers a number of advantages related to optimization and portability. Optimization efforts, particularly important in large scientific codes, can be focused on a single library. Furthermore, by encapsulating machine dependencies within this library, the optimization of both codes on different architec-tures will only involve modification to a single library.
Outcomes following percutaneous upper gastrointestinal decompressive tube placement for malignant bowel obstruction in ovarian cancer.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate peri-operative and survival outcomes of ovarian cancer patients undergoing percutaneous upper gastrointestinal decompression for malignant bowel obstruction (MBO).
Nck associates with the SH2 domain-docking protein IRS-1 in insulin-stimulated cells

Abstract Nck, an oncogenic protein composed of one SH2 and three SH3 domains, is a common target for various cell surface receptors. Nck is thought to function as an adaptor protein to couple cell surface receptors to downstream effector molecules that regulate cellular responses induced by receptor activation. In this report, we show that Nck forms a stable complex in vivo with IRS-1 in insulin-stimulated cells. The interaction between IRS-1 and Nck is mediated by the binding of the SH2 domain of Nck to tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1. Although Nck associates with IRS-1, Nck phosphorylation is not affected by insulin stimulation. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies show that the SH2 domains of Nck, GRB2, and p85 bind distinct phosphotyrosine residues in IRS-1. After insulin stimulation all three signaling molecules can be found complexed to a single IRS-1 molecule. These findings provide further evidence that, in response to insulin stimulation, IRS-1 acts as an SH2 docking protein that coordinates the regulation of various different signaling pathways activated by the insulin receptor.
Effect of Feeding DAS-59122-7 Corn Grain and Nontransgenic Corn Grain to Individually Fed Finishing Steers1

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding transgenic corn containing the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from a Bacillus thuringiensis strain and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes to finishing cattle compared with nontransgenic corn. Expression of the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes confers resistance to corn rootworms, and the pat gene confers tolerance to herbicides containing glufosinate-ammonium. Sixty crossbred steers (396 kg) were individually fed either transgenic corn (DAS-59122-7; 59122), a near-isogenic, nontransgenic control (Control), and a conventional, nontransgenic corn for 109 d to evaluate nutritional equivalency (20 steers/treatment). The corn was coarsely rolled (geometric mean diameter = 4,200 µm) and treatments were offered in the finishing diet at 82% of diet DM. Gain (P = 0.38) and G:F (P = 0.80) were similar between 59122 and Control with a tendency for a difference in DMI (P = 0.08). When adjusted using the statistical analysis of false discovery rate, DMI, ADG, and G:F were not different between Control and 59122 (P > 0.33). No differences were observed between Control and 59122 for HCW, marbling score, LM area, fat depth, or calculated USDA YG (P > 0.12). The genetically modified corn DAS-59122-7 was nutritionally equivalent to a near-isogenic control when fed to finishing steers. Feeding corn grain containing these transgenic traits did not influence steer performance or carcass quality.
Rateless forward error correction for topology-transparent scheduling

Topology-transparent scheduling for mobile wireless ad hoc networks has been treated as a theoretical curiosity. This paper makes two contributions towards its practical deployment: (1) We generalize the combinatorial requirement on the schedules and show that the solution is a cover-free family. As a result, a much wider number and variety of constructions for schedules exist to match network conditions. (2) In simulation, we closely match the theoretical bound on expected throughput. The bound was derived assuming acknowledgments are available immediately. We use rate less forward error correction (RFEC) as an acknowledgment scheme with minimal computational overhead. Since the wireless medium is inherently unreliable, RFEC also offers some measure of automatic adaptation to channel load. These contributions renew interest in topology-transparent scheduling when delay is a principal objective.
Axial to Radial Pressure Transmission of Tablet Excipients using a Novel Instrumented Die

A die instrumented with four piezoelectric force transducers was developed for use on the Rutgers Integrated Compaction Research System. It was calibrated and characterized using high density polyethylene as the calibrating material. Results showed that the radial response measured by the four die wall transducers was dependent upon the thickness of the compact being compressed and its location within the die. These two factors were incorporated into the calibration constant which converted the die wall response from voltage units into pressure units. Sample compaction profiles showing axial to radial pressure transmission of selected materials of interest in tableting were generated using this die.
Pesticides and Public Health: Integrated Methods of Mosquito Management

Pesticides have a role in public health as part of sustainable integrated mosquito management. Other components of such management include surveillance, source reduction or prevention, biological control, repellents, traps, and pesticide-resistance management. We assess the future use of mosquito control pesticides in view of niche markets, incentives for new product development, Environmental Protection Agency registration, the Food Quality Protection Act, and improved pest management strategies for mosquito control.
Metabolism of D- and L-Tryptophan in Dogs

The metabolism of D- and L-(benzene ring-U-14C)trypto- phan by dogs was studied. The distribution of label from each isomer in urine, teces, CO2 and various tissues was determined. Thirteen different urinary tryptophan metabolites were isolated by ion exchange cellulose chromatography. o-(14C)Tryptophan was poorly converted to "COa relative to the L-isomer, while giving rise to nearly three times as much urinary 14C as did the L-isomer. The major urinary metabolites of r>-tryptophan were unchanged D-tryptophan, o-kynurenine and kynurenic acid. The major urinary metabolite from L-tryptophan was kynurenic acid. Inversion of D-tryptophan to L-tryptophan via indolepyruvic acid appeared to be the major fate of ingested D-tryptophan, with renal excretion of the unchanged D-isomer the next most important fate. The dog apparently utilizes D-trypto phan more efficiently than does the human but much less efficiently than does the rat. The dog appears to be a reasonable animal model for the human in studies of D-tryptophan metabolism. J. Nutr. 106: 642-652, 1976.
On the Power of Robust Solutions in Two-Stage Stochastic and Adaptive Optimization Problems

We consider a two-stage mixed integer stochastic optimization problem and show that a static robust solution is a good approximation to the fully adaptable two-stage solution for the stochastic problem under fairly general assumptions on the uncertainty set and the probability distribution. In particular, we show that if the right-hand side of the constraints is uncertain and belongs to a symmetric uncertainty set (such as hypercube, ellipsoid or norm ball) and the probability measure is also symmetric, then the cost of the optimal fixed solution to the corresponding robust problem is at most twice the optimal expected cost of the two-stage stochastic problem. Furthermore, we show that the bound is tight for symmetric uncertainty sets and can be arbitrarily large if the uncertainty set is not symmetric. We refer to the ratio of the optimal cost of the robust problem and the optimal cost of the two-stage stochastic problem as the stochasticity gap. We also extend the bound on the stochasticity gap for another class of uncertainty sets referred to as positive. If both the objective coefficients and right-hand side are uncertain, we show that the stochasticity gap can be arbitrarily large even if the uncertainty set and the probability measure are both symmetric. However, we prove that the adaptability gap (ratio of optimal cost of the robust problem and the optimal cost of a two-stage fully adaptable problem) is at most four even if both the objective coefficients and the right-hand side of the constraints are uncertain and belong to a symmetric uncertainty set. The bound holds for the class of positive uncertainty sets as well. Moreover, if the uncertainty set is a hypercube (special case of a symmetric set), the adaptability gap is one under an even more general model of uncertainty where the constraint coefficients are also uncertain.
Dispersion {gamma}Z-Box Correction to the Weak Charge of the Proton

We consider elastic scattering of electrons off a proton target. The parity-violating (PV) asymmetry arises at leading order in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ due to interference of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $Z$ exchange. The radiative corrections to this leading mechanism were calculated in the literature and included in experimental analyses, except for $\ensuremath{\gamma}Z$-box and cross-box contributions. We present here a dispersion calculation of these corrections in forward kinematics. We demonstrate that at the GeV energies of current PV experiments, such corrections are not suppressed by the small vector weak charge of the electron, as occurs in the atomic parity violation. Our results suggest that the current theoretical uncertainty in the analysis of the QWEAK experiment might be substantially underestimated, and more accurate accounts of the dispersion corrections are needed in order to interpret the PV data.
Correlation of glycyrrhetinic acid–like factors (kidney 11β-HSD2-GALFs) with urinary free cortisol and plasma renin activity in essential hypertension

Previously we reported that urinary levels of glycyrrhetinic acid-like factors (11beta-HSD2-GALFs) were increased in a subset of patients with essential hypertension when maintained on a low-Na(+) diet. The present studies were undertaken to correlate changes in urinary GALF levels with urinary free cortisol (UFC) and plasma renin activity (PRA). The amounts of GALFs markedly increased from 7.38 +/- 0.80 to 14.58 +/- 1.94 (P < .0003) in the high/normal renin and from 5.60 +/- 0.77 to 8.39 +/- 1.08 (P < .045) in the low renin patients on a low-Na(+) diet compared with high-Na(+) diet with no effect in the normotensive controls (P < .668). The elevated GALF levels in high/normal renin hypertensives maintained on the low-Na(+) diet strongly correlated with the increased UFC levels and also with PRA; no such correlations were observed with either the normotensive controls or low renin hypertensives. In high/normal renin hypertensives, the elevated 11beta-HSD2-GALFs may have two major functions: increased Na(+) retention by the kidney by allowing cortisol to access the renal mineralocorticoid receptor and increased vascular reactivity by allowing cortisol to access the vascular mineralocorticoid receptor.
Statistical Prediction of the Storm Surge Associated with Cool-Weather Storms at the Battery, New York

Abstract The winter and early spring weather in the New York City metropolitan region is highly influenced by extratropical storm systems, and the storm surge associated with these systems is one of the main factors contributing to inundation of coastal areas. This study demonstrates the predictive capability of an established statistical relationship between the “storm maximum” storm surge associated with an extratropical storm system and the “average maximum” significant wave height during that storm. Data from publicly available retrospective forecasts of sea level pressure and wave heights, along with a regression equation for storm surge, were used to predict the storm-maximum storm surge for 41 storms in the New York metropolitan region during the period from February 2005 to December 2008. The statistical storm-surge estimates were compared with the surge values predicted by NOAA’s extratropical storm-surge model and NOAA’s operational surge forecast, which includes an error correction, and with wa...
Isolation and Characterization of Actinoramides A-C, Highly Modified Peptides from a Marine Streptomyces sp

Reported herein is the isolation and structure elucidation of three highly modified peptides, actinoramides A-C (1-3), which are produced by a marine bacterium closely related to the genus Streptomyces. The planar structures of the actinoramides, which are composed of the unusual amino acids 2-amino-4-ureidobutanoic acid and 4-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phenylpentanoic acid, were assigned by chemical transformations and by interpretation of spectroscopic data, while the absolute configuration of these new peptides were defined by application of the advanced Marfey's and Mosher's methods.
Southeast Asia’s Democratic Developmental States and Economic Growth

How has democracy impacted growth in Southeast Asia? This question can be answered by demonstrating how political elites in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand crafted quite unique democratic developmental states that enabled them to provide the public goods and public policies to maintain high growth. Because of this, growth under democracy has been as high as it was during the heyday of these polities’ developmental autocracies. Moreover, as there was no single dominant pathway to the construction of democratic development in these polities, it looks like political elites were able to take local conditions and history into account suggesting that political elites have been as effective in selectively intervening in the structure of democratic politics as they have been in intervening in the economy
Do Bags Fly Free? An Empirical Analysis of the Operational Implications of Airline Baggage Fees

In 2008, the majority of U.S. airlines began charging for the second checked bag, and then for the first checked bag. One of the often cited reasons for this action by the airlines’ executives was that this would influence customers to travel with less baggage and thus improve cost and operational performance. A popular customer belief, however, is that airline departure delays got worse due to an increase and size of customer carry-on baggage. A notable exception to the charging for checked bags trend was Southwest Airlines, which turned their resistance to this practice into a “Bags Fly Free” marketing campaign. Using a publicly available database of the airlines’ departure performance, we investigate whether the implementation of checked bag fees was really associated with better operational performance metrics. At the aggregate level, using all publicly recorded U.S. flights from May 1, 2007, to May 1, 2009, we find that the airlines that began charging for checked bags saw a significant relative impr...
Enhancing the efficiency of evaporative cooling pads for livestock barns and greenhouses by moisture adsorption

High levels of relative humidity negatively affect the efficiency of the evaporative cooling pads installed in livestock barns and greenhouses. Consequently, the productivity decreases causing economic losses. Therefore, this project aims at prototyping innovative dehumidifying/desiccant segments to be installed on the conventional cooling pads enabling them to provide suitable microclimate conditions, especially temperature and relative humidity, for animals and plants. The hypothesis is that desiccant segments adsorb air moisture before introducing the air into the pads; consequently, the treated air is then able to absorb more moisture from the cooling pads, i.e. the cooling pads evaporate more water in the treated air, where water evaporation requires heat energy which is absorbed from the treated air which results in decreasing the treated air temperature. Theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted, where 211 laboratory experiments were performed for testing this hypothesis. The theoretical investigations (calculations and designs) were conducted using the results of the lab experiments. This study presents a methodology for testing desiccant materials and assessing their suitability as filling for the desiccant segments. The water adsorption capacity was 125, 158, 257, 132, 142 g H2O/kg desiccant, and the water adsorption rate was 17, 22, 36, 18, 20 g H2O/(kg desiccant h) for ARTSorbTM, PROSorbTM, Silica Gel, Silica Gel Macro-porous, and the mixture of all 4 desiccants, respectively. Model calculations showed that the required amount of desiccant per unit area of pads is 70 kg/m2. The thickness of the desiccant segments is 10 cm, with a total pressure drop of 0.6 kPa under the toughest conditions of air velocity of 2.5 m/s and 2 mm bead size. The desiccant segments require 0.18 kW extra energy per m2 of pads to overcome the extra pressure drop, i.e. 63.5 kWh/m2 and month which is the energy required by the extractor fans and costs 12.7 € / m2 month approximately. The results show potential for developing a desiccant system to improving the efficiency of cooling pads for livestock barns and greenhouses.
Scientific Svadhyaya: developing guidelines for yoga therapy research and practice.

The field of yoga research is growing rapidly. This swift expansion presents an opportunity to improve the strength and quality of scientific evidence (Hagins & Khalsa, 2012). To that end, it is important to consider how scientific evidence informs clinical decision making and to engage in a process of self-inquiry, or scientific svadhyaya.