cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transesophageal Three-Dimensional Echo Assessment of Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect

The incremental value of three-dimensional echocardiography over transesophageal multiplane two-dimensional imaging in the assessment of sinus venosus atrial septal defect is demonstrated in the present study.
A New Species of Austrochaperina (Anura: Microhylidae) From Northern Papua New Guinea

Abstract We describe a new species of Austrochaperina from the Bewani Mountains of northwestern Papua New Guinea. The new species is a member of Zweifel's (2000) “Large” group of Austrochaperina closely related to A. hooglandi, from which it differs in size, color pattern, call parameters, and ecology. It differs from its other 23 congeners in a variety of morphological and color pattern attributes, and in advertisement call.
Coactivator-Vitamin D Receptor Interactions Mediate Inhibition of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Promoter

We have discovered a role for coactivators binding to the AF-2 surface of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in its negative effects on gene transcription. We tested nine amino acid residues (Ser235, Ile242, Lys246, Asp253, Ile260, Leu263, Leu417, Leu419, and Glu420) in human VDR which, based on homology to the human thyroid hormone receptor, would be predicted to lie in or near the coactivator-binding site. Mutation of six of these residues in VDR resulted in loss of both the activation (assessed with a transfected DR3 TK luciferase reporter) and inhibition (assessed with an hANPCAT reporter) functions of the receptor when tested in cultured neonatal rat atrial myocytes and HeLa cells. Collectively, these mutations also suppressed association of VDR with the coactivators GRIP1 and steroid receptor coactivator 1 in vitro but had little or no effect on ligand binding, heterodimerization with the retinoid X receptor, or association with a VDR-specific DNA recognition element. Co-transfection with GRIP1 or steroid receptor coactivator 1 amplified both the positive and negative responses to wild type VDR but had little or no effect on the functionally impaired mutants described above. The interaction between VDR and GRIP1 proved to be heavily dependent upon the integrity of nuclear box III in the latter protein. Mutations in this region of GRIP1 impaired its ability to associate with VDR in vitro and to amplify VDR activity in intact cells. These studies establish a role for coactivators recruited to the same receptor surface in both the activating and inhibitory activity of the liganded receptor.
Responses of winter wheat and diclofop-methyl–sensitive and –resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) to AE F130060 03

Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the response of winter wheat, and two diclofop-methyl–sensitive (OR and KG) and four diclofop-methyl–resistant (EP, GT, RBG, and JB) Italian ryegrass biotypes to the experimental herbicide mixture AE F130060 03 (an 8.3:1.7 mixture of the experimental sulfonylurea herbicides AE F130060 00 and AE F115008 00). AE F130060 03 at 15 or 18 g ha−1 without the safener AE F107892 reduced biomass of winter wheat 10 to 14%, whereas applications made with AE F107892 did not reduce wheat biomass. AE F130060 03 at 15 or 18 g ai ha−1 was more effective than diclofop-methyl in reducing biomass of one diclofop-methyl–sensitive Italian ryegrass biotype and all four diclofop-methyl–resistant biotypes. However, differential responses to AE F130060 03 at 15 and 18 g ha−1 occurred among diclofop-methyl–resistant biotypes. AE F130060 03 at 15 or 18 g ha−1 reduced biomass of OR, KG, EP, and GT from 61 to 84% but reduced biomass of RBG and JB biotypes onl...
Public Health Laboratories and Radiological Readiness

Objective: To document the ability of public health laboratories to respond to radiological emergencies.Methods: The Association of Public Health Laboratories developed, distributed, and analyzed two separate surveys of public health laboratories representing the 50 US states and major nonstate jurisdictions. The 2009 All-Hazards Laboratory Preparedness Survey examined overall laboratory capability and capacity, with a subset of questions on radiation preparedness. A 2011 survey focused exclusively on radiation readiness.Results: The 50 state and District of Columbia public health laboratories responded to the 2009 All-Hazards Laboratory Preparedness Survey, representing a 98% response rate. In addition to the above laboratories, environmental and agricultural laboratories responded to the 2011 Radiation Capabilities Survey, representing a 76% response rate. Twenty-seven percent of the All-Hazards Survey respondents reported the ability to measure radionuclides in clinical specimens; 6% reported that another state agency or department accepted and analyzed these samples via a radioanalytical method. Of the Radiation Capabilities Survey respondents, 60% reported the ability to test environmental samples, such as air, soil, or surface water, for radiation; 48% reported the ability to test nonmilk food samples; 47% reported the ability to test milk; and 56% reported sending data for drinking water to the Environmental Protection Agency.Conclusions: Survey data reveal serious gaps in US radiological preparedness. In 2007, federal experts estimated it would take more than 4 years to screen 100 000 individuals for radiation exposure and 6 years to test environmental samples from a large-scale radiological emergency, relying on existing laboratory assets. Although some progress has been made since 2007, public health laboratory radiological test capabilities and capacities remain insufficient to respond to a major event. Adequate preparation requires significant new investment to build and enhance laboratory emergency response networks, as well as investments in the broader public health system in which public health laboratories function.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:213-217)
A Tale of Two Carenes: Intrinsic Optical Activity and Large-Amplitude Nuclear Displacement

The specific rotation for two isomeric members of the terpene family, (S)-(+)-2-carene and (S)-(+)-3-carene, has been investigated under complementary solvated and isolated conditions, where the latter vapor-phase work has been performed at excitation wavelengths of 355 and 633 nm by means of ultrasensitive cavity ring-down polarimetry (CRDP). Linear-response computations of dispersive optical activity built upon analogous density-functional (B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ) and coupled-cluster (CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ) levels of theory have been enlisted to unravel the structural and electronic origins of observed behavior. The six-membered portion of the bicyclic skeleton in the nominally rigid 3-carene system is predicted to be near-planar in nature, with calculated and measured rotatory powers for the isolated (gas-phase) species shown to be in excellent agreement. In contrast, the inherent flexibility of 2-carene gives rise to two quasidegenerate conformations that are interconnected by a large-amplitude ring-puckering m...
Pyrethroid Resistance in Field Populations of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Mississippi in 1986

Laboratory bioassays of Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae from strains collected from cotton and soybeans in Mississippi during 1986 showed LD50’s 5- to 15- and 18- to 23- fold higher for fenvalerate and cypermethrin, respectively, than those obtained from a susceptible laboratory colony. Bioassays of third instars on cotton terminal buds treated with recommended field application rates of fenvalerate and cypermethrin indicated that these resistance levels resulted in 40–56% reductions in mortality of third instars compared with those obtained with a susceptible strain. Similar results were obtained in bioassays of a strain from Texas.
Augmented Reality Eyeglasses for Promoting Home-Based Rehabilitation for Children with Cerebral Palsy

We have designed an augmented reality (AR) game for children with cerebral palsy (CP) to perform home-based neurorehabilitation. A Myo armband detects electromyographic (EMG) signals and accelerometer data from the arm, and a trained classifier determines whether the neuromotor performance of the arm satisfies the expectation of the exercise. The user can move a virtual object only through therapist-prescribed motor movement. The user completes the exercise by moving the virtual object to some targets displayed in the glass.
Robust pitch tracking in noisy speech using speaker-dependent deep neural networks

A reliable estimate of pitch in noisy speech is crucial for many speech applications. In this paper, we propose to use speaker-dependent (SD) deep neural networks (DNNs) to model the harmonic patterns of each speaker. Specifically, SD-DNNs take spectral features as input and estimate probabilistic pitch states at each time frame. We investigate two methods for SD-DNN training. The first one is direct training when speaker-dependent data is sufficient. The second one is speaker adaptation of a speaker-independent (SI) DNN with limited data. The Viterbi algorithm is then used to track pitch through time. Experiments show that both training methods of SD-DNNs outperform an SI-DNN based system as well as a state-of-the-art pitch tracking algorithm in all SNR conditions.
The Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). A critical appraisal.

The applicability of the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) to clinical practice is seriously hampered by the following findings. (1) The CASS randomized study applies to only a small minority of patients with coronary artery disease. Attempts to extend the conclusions of CASS to the vast majority of patients with coronary artery disease are unjustified. (2) The high percentage of crossover of the medical group made it impossible for CASS to accomplish its primary goal of contrasting medical and surgical treatment. (3) Despite the fact that crossover of medically assigned patients created a bias against surgical treatment, the observed mortality in the surgical group was still 31 % lower than that in the medical group. (4) The failure of CASS to find this difference to be statistically significant must take into account the fact that the statistical power of CASS was so low that a real difference was likely to be overlooked. (5) The conclusion that patients similar to those in the study may safely defer operation is unwarranted and violates the principles of prospective study design. In addition, CASS failed to address the possibility that deferring operation may compromise long-term survival.
Locke on Equality

Scholars overlook that Locke has two distinct concepts of equality entrenched in his political theory. By recovering the centrality of natural law in Locke, these two concepts of equality can be ea...
Pharmacological management of post-traumatic stress disorder : Clinical summary of a five-year retrospective study, 1990-1995

Beginning in 1990, the Department of Psychiatry, Tripler Army Medical Center developed a formal treatment program for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Between 1990 and 1996, 632 patients, the vast majority of whom suffered from combat-related PTSD, were treated. Historically, many PTSD patients were treated with benzodiazepines, often in high dosages. The risks attendant to benzodiazepine management of PTSD, coupled with poor clinical outcome, prompted the staff to explore treatment alternatives. This paper describes the role of pharmacotherapy in the management of PTSD. The medications described in this paper have other primary uses in clinical practice (e.g., hypertension, insomnia, seizure control, depression, and anxiety). Medications were selected for use based on the putative modes of action and the degree of symptom relief. The therapeutic rationale was to decrease hyperarousal and sleep disturbance to permit the patients to engage in other psychotherapeutic efforts.
Optical imaging systems

The earliest imaging systems were optical imaging systems, and optical systems are still the most common imaging systems. Optical imaging systems that employ the simple lens are widespread; they are found both in biological organisms and in man-made devices. Much of optics, including the properties of the ideal lens, can be understood in the language of signal processing in terms of pointspread functions, convolutions, and Fourier transforms. More generally, we shall describe the propagation and diffraction of waves based on a two-dimensional pointspread function. In this setting, the Huygens—Fresnel principle of optics will be presented simply as a special case of the convolution theorem of the two-dimensional Fourier transform. In principle, the diffraction of electromagnetic waves should be explained directly from Maxwell's equations, which give a complete description of electromagnetic fields. However, there may be mathematical difficulties when starting from first principles because there may be concerns about how to model a given problem, or how to specify a consistent and accurate set of boundary conditions. It may be difficult to formulate the boundary conditions at a level of detail needed to apply Maxwell's equations, while the weaker conditions needed for diffraction theory may be readily apparent. This is why we formulate the theories of diffraction as distinct from, but subservient to, electromagnetic theory.
Analysis and synthesis of nonlinear controllers for input constrained systems using semidefinite programming optimization

This work studies the problem of analyzing and, subsequently, optimizing the stabilization capabilities of a class of controllers for input constrained nonlinear systems. The proposed techniques apply to continuous, state feedback controllers which are defined in a subset of the state space where the time derivative of a known, candidate Control Lyapunov Function (CLF) can be made negative definite under the input constraints. This set is associated with the domain of this class of controllers and depends on the CLF. The analysis problem concerns approximating the domain and is posed via appropriately formulated set containment relationships through the generalized S-procedure with sum of squares (SOS) constraints. The optimization problem is concerned with the adjustment or enlargement of the domain and constitutes a way of controller synthesis. These objectives are pursued via optimizing over the coefficients of polynomial CLFs, through a sequence of semidefinite programming (SDP) problems with SOS constraints. By partitioning the state space based on the structure of the input value set and building upon earlier results on SOS methods, the SDP problems are subject to only convex constraints, rendering thus the proposed techniques computationally viable. The capabilities of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated through numerical examples.
Generalization Error Bounds for Time Series

In this thesis, I derive generalization error bounds — bounds on the expected inaccuracy of the predictions — for time series forecasting models. These bounds allow forecasters to select among competing models, and to declare that, with high probability, their chosen model will perform well — without making strong assumptions about the data generating process or appealing to asymptotic theory. Expanding upon results from statistical learning theory, I demonstrate how these techniques can help time series forecasters to choose models which behave well under uncertainty. I also show how to estimate the β-mixing coefficients for dependent data so that my results can be used empirically. I use the bound explicitly to evaluate different predictive models for the volatility of IBM stock and for a standard set of macroeconomic variables. Taken together my results show how to control the generalization error of time series models with fixed or growing memory.
Assessing the reliability and performance impact on the three-dimensional structure of multigate field effect transistor (MugFET)

Multigate Field Effect Transistors (MugFETs) have begun to enter the marketplace, and therefore, have garnered significant attention. This is due the outstanding attributes of these three-dimensional device structures, which include excellent immunity to short channel effects, and CMOS compatible processing. However, there are some unique aspects to this type of device structure that should be investigated to ensure their viability to extend to future nodes. The goal of this presentation is to show electrical characterization and reliability evaluation approaches that provide an overview of MugFET device aspects and how they impact reliability and performance. The focus will be on silicon-on-insulator, double-gate MugFETs — also known as a type of FinFETs.
V-groove side-pumped 1.5 [micro sign]m fibre amplifier

A side-pumping technique, using an imbedded V-groove is used to efficiently pump a double-clad Er/Yb doped fibre amplifier operating at 1.5 /spl mu/m and pumped at 0.98 /spl mu/m. A diode-to-fibre coupling efficiency of 76% was measured for a 100 /spl mu/m wide broad stripe laser diode and a fibre with a 50/spl times/120 /spl mu/m first cladding. A maximum output power of 185 mW, and separately, a small signal gain of 35 dB, are demonstrated.
Solid state radiation measurement system for high flux applications

A solid state radiation measurement system was designed and developed to handle extremely high flux (approaching 0.9Mcps) and a large dynamic range. To achieve this the system utilizes a CdZnTe crystal that has undergone prior high flux testing with high bias to ensure it will not exhibit significant depolarization that will limit its ability to measure high flux. In addition, a preamplifier that produces a very narrow pulse (~125ns FWHM), was designed and a high speed ADC was used to digitize the pulse. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) was implemented that allowed for scalable (2 or more channels counting asynchronously), high speed (130 MHz) pulse analysis in real time. The FPGA uses a pulse recognition algorithm to recognize pulses, even those beginning to pile up onto one another. This system was tested with a high energy (511keV) source that had an activity exceeding 10Ci.
ICS security testbed with delay attack case study

Critical infrastructure components are digitally controlled and operate alongside setups of interconnected machinery, computers and network devices, i.e. as cyber-physical systems. As such they became a frequent target of cyber-attacks. In this paper we investigate the physical impact of time delay attacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) protocols. The study is conducted using a testbed emulating a power generation station. Its generating facility consists of low-power machinery, however, the rest of the instrumentation (real-time programmable logic controllers (PLCs), sensors, actuators, and network devices) are fully consistent with the instrumentation that could be found in industry. To simulate a time delay attack over the network, the Dummynet kernel module is used. Our experimental results show how a time delay attack can affect control system performance and may result in a failure of the entire power generation facility.
Suffering During the Holocaust and Heroic Rescuers

I start with my still-vivid experience of suffering and survival in occupied Poland during the Holocaust years. Then, the narrative shifts to the motivations and characteristics of those who risked their lives and livelihood to help others who were targets of the genocide, whether stranger or friend. Finally, I discuss ways that individuals, groups, and institutions promote altruistic behavior and compassion in the current generation of adults and youth. This is done through the lens of sociology and my lifetime of research into the nature of altruism, apology and forgiveness, caring, and selfless acts of courage. These are some of the ways suffering is reduced if not alleviated.
Reactive transport in the complex heterogeneous alluvial aquifer of Fortymile Wash, Nevada.

Abstract Yucca Mountain, Nevada, had been extensively investigated as a potential deep geologic repository for storing high-level nuclear wastes. Previous field investigations of stratified alluvial aquifer downstream of the site revealed that there is a hierarchy of sedimentary facies types. There is a corresponding log conductivity and reactive surface area subpopulations within each facies at each scale of sedimentary architecture. Here we use a Lagrangian-based transport model in order to analyze radionuclide dispersion in the saturated alluvium of Fortymile Wash, Nevada. First, we validate the Lagrangian model using high-resolution flow and reactive transport simulations. Then, we used the validated model to investigate how each scale of sedimentary architecture may affect long-term radionuclide transport at Yucca Mountain. Results show that the reactive solute dispersion developed by the Lagrangian model matches the ensemble average of numerical simulations well. The link between the alluvium spatial variability and reactive solute dispersion at different spatiotemporal scales is demonstrated using the Lagrangian model. The longitudinal dispersivity of the reactive plume can be on the order of hundreds to thousands of meters, and it may not reach its asymptotic value even after 10,000 years of travel time and 2–3 km of travel distance.
No reason to LoL at LoL: the addition of esports to intercollegiate athletic departments

ABSTRACTThe electronic sports, or eSports, industry has grown into a multi-million dollar industry. The significant growth of eSports can be seen far beyond the participation numbers and spans from eSports’ events being hosted in major arenas and televised on ESPN. Most recently eSports were added to intercollegiate athletic departments. Though eSports has gained a lot of momentum economically and in popularity, academic research and study in the area of eSports is still in its infancy. This paper presents: (1) a brief history of eSports, (2) a further developed definition of eSports, (3) eSports size and market scope, (4) and provides an overview of eSports in intercollegiate athletics to date. The main goals of this paper are to create awareness around the economic growth of eSports and shed light on the potential positive implications of adding eSports to intercollegiate athletic departments. Boosting participation numbers, revenue generation, and creating diversity within an athletic department are al...
The War that Forged a Nation: Why the Civil War Still Matters: McPherson, James M. New York: Oxford University Press 219 pp., $14.95, ISBN 978-0-19-065853-3 Publication Date: September 2017

Interest in the American Civil War among the public has continued unabated in the century and a half since the war's conclusion. James M. McPherson, the George Henry Davis 1986 Professor of History...
Condensation Polymers via Metal-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions

The synthesis of a wide range of polymers, particularly conjugated polymers, using contemporary metal-mediated coupling and metathesis methodologies is described. Emphasis is directed toward reaction mechanism and scope as well as applications. Examples of metal-mediated reactions discussed include Kumada and Negishi coupling; nickel homocoupling; Stille, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling; and Buchwald–Hartwig aryl amination. Examples of polymers discussed include polythiophene, poly( p -arylene), poly( p -arylenevinylene), poly( p -aryleneethynylene), and polyaniline.
Flory-Huggins Entropy—Effect of Liquid Expansion

The effect of liquid expansion on the athermal entropy of a mixture has generally been recognized but almost disregarded in interpreting solution behavior. The principal reason for this neglect has been due to a lack of a satisfactory equation for predicting the effect. Thus, by ignoring this effect, solution theories have developed where the properties of a liquid mixture are considered to be the result of the following two effects [1]: (1) molecular size effects such as predicted by the Flory-Huggins entropy equation [2,3]; and (2) group interaction effects calculated from measured property data after subtracting effects due to size[1].
Expression of an immediate early gene, IEX-1, in human tissues.

IEX-1 is an immediate early gene that is induced by ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and a variety of growth factors. It plays an important role in the regulation of cellular growth. Earlier, we performed studies on the distribution of IEX-1 messenger RNA in different tissues and on the subcellular localization of IEX-1 protein. No reports, however, have appeared concerning the distribution of IEX-1 protein in a variety of human tissues. We raised a polyclonal antibody against a synthetic IEX-1 peptide (amino acids 51–75) and used the antibody to study the distribution of the protein in human tissues. We demonstrate that IEX-1 is strongly expressed in epithelia of the skin, trachea, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems, as well as in the pancreas and breast. Endothelial cells within the vasculature of most tissue/organs also strongly express IEX-1. Liver, lung, lymph nodes, and placenta stain weakly. No IEX-1 epitopes were detected in the thymus, testes, ovary, myocardium, skeletal muscle, or spleen. We conclude that IEX-1 is widely expressed in epithelial and endocrine tissues, as well as in vascular endothelium.
Binding and Transport of Nonferrous Metals by Serum Transferrin

Transferrin is the serum iron transport protein in a wide variety of species. Its normal function is to transport iron through the blood between sites of uptake, utilization and storage. The protein consists of two distinct lobes, each of which contains a high affinity metal binding site. This review describes the thermodynamics of metal binding at these two sites, including the unique requirement of a synergistic carbonate anion for strong metal complexation. Normally the transferrin in serum is only partially saturated with iron, so that the protein provides a significant concentration of vacant binding sites which can sequester other metal ions that enter the blood. This review emphasizes metals for which transferrin appears to play a significant role in serum transport. There is strong evidence that transferrin is the primary serum transport agent for Mn3+, Hf4+, the group 13 metal ions Al3+, Ga3+, and In3+, and the tetravalent actinides Pu4+, Th4+, Np4+, and Pa4+. Transferrin appears to play a lesser role in the binding and transport of the trivalent actinides Cm3+ and Am3+, the oxocations VO2+, VO 2 + , and UO 2 2+ , and several of the lanthanides. There is also evidence that some of the metal-transferrin complexes are recognized and transported across cell membranes by the transferrin receptor.
Link misspecification in generalized linear mixed models with a random intercept for binary responses

We present in this paper tests for link misspecification in generalized linear mixed models with a random intercept for binary responses. To facilitate model diagnosis, we consider two types of grouped responses induced from the original responses and also stochastically create reclassified binary responses. Maximum likelihood estimators based on the original observed data and the counterpart estimators based on different induced data sets are investigated in the presence of link misspecification. Results from this investigation motivate four diagnostic tests for assessing the adequacy of an assumed link, which can provide information on how the true link differs from an assumed symmetric link when the proposed tests reject the assumed link. The performance of these tests is illustrated via simulation studies in comparison with an existing method for checking link assumptions. These tests are applied to a data set from a longitudinal study that was analyzed in the existing literature using logistic regression.
Chapter 4: Studying Recruitment and Retention in PETE: Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods

The preceding chapters of this monograph have served to situate the study of physical education teacher education recruitment and retention within relevant literature and theory. This chapter outli...
Cross-Polarization Reduction in Offset Reflector Antennas With Dual-Mode Microstrip Primary Feeds

The depolarizing effects of offset parabolic reflector antennas are addressed through the use of an over-moded primary feed based on printed patch antennas. The modes of interest are the TM11 and TM21 modes of circular microstrip patch antennas. It will be shown that the proposed matched feed is reasonably comparable with its waveguide-type counterparts, as it is capable of reducing the unwanted cross polarization of offset reflector antennas to well below −32 dB at both asymmetry and diagonal planes.
Non-contact trapping and stretching of biological cells using dual-beam optical stretcher on microfluidic platform

Optical stretcher is a tool in which two counter-propagating, slightly diverging, and identical laser beams are used to trap and axially stretch microparticles in the path of light. In this work, we utilized the dual-beam optical stretcher setup to trap and stretch human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and mammalian breast cancer (MBC) cells. Experiments were performed by exposing the HEK cells to counter-propagating laser beams for 30 seconds at powers ranging from 100 mW to 561 mW. It was observed that the percentage of cell deformation increased from 16.7% at 100 mW to 40.5% at 561 mW optical power. The MBC cells exhibited significantly higher cell stretching compared to HEK cells at the same power (80 mW). Moreover, the minimum trapping power in HEK cells was 80.5mW as compared to 65.2mW in MBC cells. This study provides useful insights into the characterization of cytoskeletal elasticity in different cell types based on non-contact optical cell stretching.
Science and Christian Ethics

There is a growing crisis in scientific research characterized by failures to reproduce experimental results, fraud, lack of innovation, and burn-out. In Science and Christian Ethics, Paul Scherz traces these problems to the drive by governments and business to make scientists into competitive entrepreneurs who use their research results to stimulate economic growth. The result is a competitive environment aimed at commodifying the world. In order to confront this problem of character, Scherz examines the alternative Aristotelian and Stoic models of reforming character, found in the works of Alasdair MacIntyre and Michel Foucault. Against many prominent virtue ethicists, he argues that what individual scientists need is a regime of spiritual exercises, such as those found in Stoicism as it was adopted by Christianity, in order to refocus on the good of truth in the face of institutional pressure. His book illuminates pressing issues in research ethics, moral education, and anthropology.
Contemporary American Transience: Nomadism and the Rationale for Travel among Homeless Youth and Young Adults

Researchers of street life and homelessness in the United States continue to acknowledge the persistence of nomadism among the young and homeless, yet we know little about the role that travel plays in their lives or the meanings and motivations tied to this contemporary experience. Drawing on in-depth interviews, we compare homeless youth and young adults that travel with those that do not. Building on theories of social networks, social capital, stigma, and identity we explore demographic, behavioral, and philosophical similarities and differences between the two groups to understand the rationale for travel. For the young and homeless today, travel adds to the reserve of strategies to build and maintain network affiliations, acquire resources, and manage stigma and identity as they relate to the hobo and transient traditions of the past. However, when compared to their non-traveling homeless counterparts, travelers face new challenges that offset the purported benefits derived from being mobile.
High-throughput ingest of data provenance records into Accumulo

Whole-system data provenance provides deep insight into the processing of data on a system, including detecting data integrity attacks. The downside to systems that collect whole-system data provenance is the sheer volume of data that is generated under many heavy workloads. In order to make provenance metadata useful, it must be stored somewhere where it can be queried. This problem becomes even more challenging when considering a network of provenance-aware machines all collecting this metadata. In this paper, we investigate the use of D4M and Accumulo to support high-throughput data ingest of whole-system provenance data. We find that we are able to ingest 3,970 graph components per second. Centrally storing the provenance metadata allows us to build systems that can detect and respond to data integrity attacks that are captured by the provenance system.
New Cardiac Abnormalities After Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Trastuzumab

Abstract Purpose To evaluate cardiac imaging abnormalities after modern radiotherapy and trastuzumab in breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods All patients treated with trastuzumab and radiotherapy for breast cancer between 2006 and 2014 with available cardiac imaging (echocardiogram or multigated acquisition scan) were retrospectively analyzed. Cardiac abnormalities included myocardial abnormalities (atrial or ventricular dilation, hypertrophy, hypokinesis, and impaired relaxation), decreased ejection fraction > 10%, and valvular abnormalities (thickening or stenosis of the valve leaflets). Breast laterality (left vs. right) and heart radiation dose volume parameters were analyzed for association with cardiac imaging abnormalities. Results A total of 110 patients with 57 left- and 53 right-sided breast cancers were evaluated. Overall, 37 patients (33.6%) developed a new cardiac abnormality. Left-sided radiotherapy was associated with an increase in new cardiac abnormalities (relative risk [RR] = 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-4.67; P = .002). Both myocardial and valvular abnormalities were associated with left-sided radiotherapy (myocardial: RR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.06-4.60; P = .029; valvular: RR = 3.30; 95% CI, 0.98-10.9; P = .044). There was no significant difference in decreased ejection fraction between left- and right-sided radiotherapy (9.6% vs. 2.1%; P = .207). A mean heart dose > 2 Gy as well as volume of the heart receiving 20 Gy (V20), V30, and V40 correlated with cardiac abnormalities (mean heart dose > 2 Gy: RR = 2.00; P = .040). Conclusion New cardiac abnormalities, including myocardial and valvular dysfunction, are common after trastuzumab and radiotherapy. The incidence of new abnormalities correlates with tumor laterality and cardiac radiation dose exposure. Long-term follow-up is needed to understand the clinical significance of these early imaging abnormalities.
Paralysis by analysis? Effects of information on student loan take-up

Abstract Can relevant information influence student borrowing? In a field experiment with a large community college, we send emails about federal student loans to students who have received financial aid offers but have not made a borrowing decision. A treatment reminding students that they need not borrow the maximum amount of available loan aid has no effect. Treatments referencing amounts borrowed by recent graduates shift students from borrowing the maximum amount to not borrowing. Consistent with the hypothesis that students experience cognitive overload when presented with multiple loan amounts, the response is largest among low-performing students and arises from inaction.
An information geometric look at the valuing of information

Abstract The ability to value information may be easy for humans, but when it comes to a machine attempting to use the tools of artificial intelligence, determining (or obtaining) a valuation may not be easy. We discuss how the value of information can be analyzed with machines by using the tools of information geometry. The new innovation already in development is human-machine teams. These teams, however, need to communicate in a way that both human and machine can come to accept, cooperate, and trust. We hope that the valuing of information that we propose will fulfill that need.
Preparing nurse practitioners to combat the opioid epidemic: A survey of nurse practitioner academic programs in the United States.

Between 1999 and 2017, nearly 400,000 individuals died from opioid-related overdoses in the United States. Nurse practitioners (NPs) can be instrumental in providing care for those with opioid use disorders (OUDs) but must be adequately prepared to do so. Currently, there is limited evidence regarding how NP programs are preparing their graduates to address opioid use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how NP programs have addressed the opioid epidemic within their curricula, and to evaluate barriers to and facilitators of curricular modifications. Electronic surveys were distributed to all 444 NP program directors in the United States. The survey consisted of 10 questions and inquired about curricular modifications made in regard to OUDs, barriers and facilitators of such modifications, and perceived importance of addressing the opioid epidemic within NP programs.A total of 130 (29.3%) of program directors responded to the survey. Of the program directors who responded, 89 (76.1%) reported that curricular modifications were made to address OUDs. Barriers to curricular modification included limited time, lack of faculty expertise or confidence, and stigma in regard to opioid use. Facilitators included faculty champions, availability of external educational resources, student interest, and financial incentives. Nurse practitioners can treat patients with OUDs, mitigating significant barriers to care reported in light of the opioid epidemic. Graduate NP programs should assure that curricula adequately cover opioid use and related management.
Bilateral enucleation induces homeostatic plasticity in the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus of mice.

Within the nervous system, homeostatic mechanisms stabilize network activity following disruption by injury, disease, or degeneration. Vision loss and optic nerve injury in age-related diseases such as glaucoma might trigger homeostatic responses in direct retinal projection targets in the brain in adulthood. We tested this possibility using patch-clamp electrophysiology, optogenetics, and single-cell dendritic analysis to probe the effects of optic nerve injury and vision loss on dLGN thalamocortical (TC) relay neurons and their synaptic inputs following bilateral enucleation. Using vGlut2 immunostaining, we found that retinal axon terminals in the dLGN degenerated over several days post-enucleation, which corresponded with the loss of retinogeniculate (RG) synaptic function as assessed with optogenetic stimulation of ganglion cell axons in acute brain slices. Analysis of TC neuron dendritic structure from single-cell dye fills revealed a gradual loss of dendrites proximal to the soma, where TC neurons receive the bulk of RG inputs. Surprisingly, there was little change to the frequency of miniature post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs), even two weeks post-enucleation, although we did find an increase in the relative proportion of mEPSCs with slower kinetics, hinting at a possible enhancement of corticogeniculate input. Whole-cell current clamp recordings showed that enucleation enhanced TC neuron action potential firing and input resistance, consistent with homeostatic scaling of intrinsic neuronal excitability following perturbation of synaptic inputs. Our findings show that degeneration of the retinal axons/optic nerve and loss of RG synaptic inputs induces structural and functional changes in TC neurons consistent with compensatory homeostatic plasticity in the dLGN.
Ubiquitous Fall Hazard Identification With Smart Insole

Falls are leading causes of nonfatal injuries in workplaces which lead to substantial injury and economic consequences. To help avoid fall injuries, safety managers usually need to inspect working areas routinely. However, it is difficult for a limited number of safety managers to inspect fall hazards instantly especially in large workplaces. To address this problem, a novel fall hazard identification method is proposed in this paper which makes it possible for all workers to report the potential hazards automatically. This method is based on the fact that people use different gaits to get across different floor surfaces. Through analyzing gait patterns, potential fall hazards could be identified automatically. In this research, Smart Insole, an insole shaped wearable system for gait analysis, was applied to measure gait patterns for fall hazard identification. Slips and trips are the focus of this study since they are two main causes of falls in workplaces. Five effective gait features were extracted to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model for recognizing slip hazard, trip hazard, and safe floor surfaces. Experiment results showed that fall hazards could be recognized with high accuracy (98.1%).
Lateral eye movements as indicators of processing strategies in paired-associate learning: their effect on recall, recognition, and error type.

Subjects, classified as left-or right-movers on the basis of their lateral eye movements, were presented with paired-associates designed to elicit processing by either the left hemisphere (low-imagery synonyms) or the right hemisphere (high-imagery rhymes), followed by both recall and recognition tests. While recall of high-imagery pairs exceeded that of low-imagery pairs, there were no differences in recognition between the two types of paired-associates. There were no differences in retention between left- and right-movers, suggesting that if these groups differ in cognitive style, such differences may not be reflected in measures of information retention. The types of errors the groups made appeared to be influenced more by differences in information processing strategies.
Global Religions and National Politics

National political cultures can have a powerful effect on transnational NGOs, and Nelson demonstrates that even NGOs that represent transnational faith traditions express themselves quite differently in four wealthy donor societies. Four “families” of faith-based organizations (FBO) with affiliates in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan are examined, representing Roman Catholicism, mainline Protestantism, Reform Judaism, and evangelical Christianity. Members of each family embrace some common principles and agendas, but their advocacy appears more strongly shaped by national political cultures than by universal teaching. British and German Protestant and Catholic NGOs, for example, campaign on climate, biofuels, and corporate land purchases; their US counterparts rarely mention such issues.
The Roles of Workplace Friendship and Supervisory Interactional Justice in the Relationship between Workplace Envy and Service Outcomes

Relationships with colleagues and supervisor are crucial and complex, impacting the service delivery environment and various other behaviors. In this study, we examine how the relationship between ...
Designing and Evaluating an Adaptive Spoken Dialogue System

Spoken dialogue system performance can vary widely for different users, as well for the same user during different dialogues. This paper presents the design and evaluation of an adaptive version of TOOT, a spoken dialogue system for retrieving online train schedules. Based on rules learned from a set of training dialogues, adaptive TOOT constructs a user model representing whether the user is having speech recognition problems as a particular dialogue progresses. Adaptive TOOT then automatically adapts its dialogue strategies based on this dynamically changing user model. An empirical evaluation of the system demonstrates the utility of the approach.
Development and Extension of Partially‐Stabilized Zirconia Single Crystal Technology

Approaches to the extension of partially stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) crystals practicality, as well as the possibility of using related melt processing to produce improved polycrystalline PSZ materials, are investigated. Attention is given to laser welding and laser surface treatment methods for PSZ crystals, which have shown little promise, as well as arc melting, and induction melting/press-forging. Also cited are the reasons, such as high elastic anisotropy, for the reduction of strength with grain size increases. Progress is noted in the fabrication of PSZ particles by molten droplet solidification the finer grain size thus obtained may be useful in precipitate-toughened PSZ polycrystals. 14 references.
The early child care study of children with special needs

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the early child care study of children with special needs. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCH) funded this study that is basically a longitudinal study of 166 children with special needs and their families. It is unique in several ways: (1) an ecological approach was used that allowed accounting for the characteristics of the family, the child, the home, and the child-care environment in predicting children's developmental outcomes, (2) the study included children at risk for developing disabilities as well as those with diagnoses. The sample size was substantially larger than in previous studies. Investigators were able to compare data on child-care characteristics from this study with similar data from a local sample of typically developing children who were participating in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) study of early child care. The results obtained strongly suggests the need to concentrate efforts on increasing the availability of regular in-home care for infants with special needs. The results identified factors in the child care experiences of children with special needs that are important to consider in making decisions about optimal environments for promoting developmental progress within the limitations imposed by the children's disabilities or risk conditions.
Interactive Skill in Scrabble

An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that people sometimes take physical actions to make themselves more effective problem solvers. The task was to generate all possible words that could be formed from seven Scrabble letters. In one condition, participants could use their hands to manipulate the letters, and in another condition, they could not. Results show that more words were generated with physical manipulation than without. However, an interaction was obtained between the physical manipulation conditions and the specific letter sets chosen, indicating that physical manipulation helps more for generating words in some circumstances than in others. Overall, our findings can be explained in terms of an interactive search process in which external, physical activity effectively complements internal, cognitive activity. Within this framework, the interaction can be explained in terms of the relative difficulty of generating words from the letters given in the different sets.
The effect of noise on deoxyglucose uptake into inner ear tissues of the mouse.

The uptake of deoxyglucose into inner ear tissues was studied in the mouse. Sixty minutes after a single i.v. injection of 5 mCi 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose/kg body weight, stria vascularis/spiral ligament and organ of Corti as well as other body tissues were dissected and analyzed for radioactivity. Uptake into inner ear tissues was three to five times lower than into brain or heart. The ratio of deoxyglucose-6-phosphate to deoxyglucose was 60∶40 and the compounds were eliminated from the inner ear with a half life of approximately 60 min. Exposure to 100 dB of white noise during the radioactive pulse decreased uptake of deoxyglucose into both stria vascularis/spiral ligament and organ of Corti by 50%.
Mycosis fungoides with oral manifestations: Report of a case and review of the literature

A case of mycosis fungoides with oral involvement is presented. Cases of mycosis fungoides with oral involvement as reported in the English-language literature are reviewed, discussed, and compared to the present case. Although MF is invariably a fatal disease, the oral lesion in the present case was managed successfully.