cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some considerations on the interactions between particles in the presence of a wall-flocculation and adhesion as influenced by the cumulative net weight of the particles

Abstract Experiments with aqueous zinc sulfide suspensions illustrate that the height of the suspension can be an important factor influencing the degree of adhesion of the particles which have settled to the glass container bottom. In alkaline medium where zeta potential measurements and shallow cell microscopic observations show relatively strong repulsion between individual particles and glass and between particles themselves, there being no flocculation, it was observed that much adhesion of particles to the container bottom developed after settling, if the suspension was relatively tall. On the other hand, in the acid medium, where the zeta potential measurements and shallow cell observations show attraction between glass and individual particles but still slight repulsion between particles themselves and therefore no flocculation normally, the effect of increased suspension height was to decrease the adhesion at the glass bottom while bringing about flocculation.
Search for Top with D0 Detector in Dilepton Channel

Preliminary results from a search for high mass ttbar quark pair production in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8TeV with the D0 detector in the ee+jets, emu+jets, and mumu+jets decay channels are presented. No conclusive evidence for top quark production for an integrated luminosity of 13.5+/-1.6pb-1 is observed.
Rotating-Field Theory and General Analysis of Synchronous and Induction Machines

The two-reaction theory of synchronous machines as developed by Blondel, Doherty, Nickle, Park and others is well known. The present paper attempts to develop the rotating-field theory of synchronous and induction machines as an important alternative to the two-reaction theory. The general analysis includes analysis of rotating machines under steady-state, transient-state and hunting conditions. Rotating reference frames are introduced. The new components, known as the forward and backward components, or f and b components, are then simply correlated to the direct and quadrature components, or d and q components. By use of the f and b components, it is shown that any external network and transmission line with lumped or distributed constants can be connected to a synchronous machine. This forms the basis of interconnection between synchronous and induction machines. A steady-state vector diagram of a salient-pole synchronous machine is given. Transient solution of short-circuit current and torque follows. An equivalent circuit for the same machine with direct- and quadrature-axis excitation is derived, and a 6-terminal network is developed for transient studies. The induction machine is similarly analysed with respect to its own rotor or with respect to a synchronously rotating reference frame. Interconnection of synchronous and induction machines is then possible for steady-state as well as transient studies. The hunting circuit involving one synchronous machine and a load is developed, based on Kron's uniformly rotating reference frame instead of the Blondel-Park reference frame. Hunting circuits for two rotating machines are developed, based on simple relations in absolute differential calculus. A number of instantaneous torque expressions are developed from the tensorial point of view. New expressions are given in terms of armature currents and flux linkages or their components.
Exchangeability and Realizability: De Finetti Theorems on Graphs

A classic result in probability theory known as de Finetti's theorem states that exchangeable random variables are equivalent to a mixture of distributions where each distribution is determined by an i.i.d. sequence of random variables (an "i.i.d. mix"). Motivated by a recent application and more generally by the relationship of local vs. global correlation in randomized rounding, we study weaker notions of exchangeability that still imply the conclusion of de Finetti's theorem. We say that a bivariate distribution rho is G-realizable for a graph G if there exists a joint distribution of random variables on the vertices such that the marginal distribution on each edge equals rho. We first characterize completely the G-realizable distributions for all symmetric/arc-transitive graphs G. Our main results are forms of de Finetti's theorem for general graphs, based on spectral properties. Let lambda_1(G) >= ... >= lambda_n(G) denote the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of G. 1. We prove that if rho is G_n-realizable for a sequence of graphs such that lambda_n(G_n) / lambda_1(G_n) tends to 0, then rho is described by a probability matrix that is positive-semidefinite. For random variables on domains of size |D| <= 4, this implies that rho must be an i.i.d. mix. 2. If rho is G_n-realizable for a sequence of (n,d,lambda)-graphs G_n (d-regular with all eigenvalues except for one bounded by lambda in absolute value) such that lambda(G_n) / d(G_n) tends to 0, then rho is an i.i.d. mix. 3. If rho is G_n-realizable for a sequence of directed graphs such that each of them is an arbitrary orientation of an (n,d,lambda)-graph G_n, and lambda(G_n) / d(G_n) tends to 0, then rho is an i.i.d. mix.
Subsurface near-infrared laser stimulation of the periprostatic cavernous nerves

Successful identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves (CN), which are responsible for sexual function and vulnerable to damage during prostate cancer surgery, will require subsurface detection of the CN's beneath a thin fascia layer. This study explores the feasibility of optical nerve stimulation (ONS) in the rat with a fascia layer placed over the CN. Two near-infrared diode lasers with wavelengths of 1455 and 1550 nm were operated in continuous-wave mode for stimulation of the CN in 8 rats, in vivo. Successful ONS was confirmed by an intracavernous pressure (ICP) response in the rat penis at 1455 nm through fascia with a thickness up to 110 μm and at 1550 nm through fascia with a thickness up to 450 μm. Higher incident laser power was required to produce an ICP response as fascia thickness was increased. Also, weaker and slower ICP responses were observed as fascia thickness was increased. Subsurface ONS of the rat CN at a depth of 450 μm using a 1550 nm laser is feasible as an intermediate step towards developing ONS as an intra-operative diagnostic tool for identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves during prostate cancer surgery. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of an enhanced oil recovery process with boundary controls- A large-scale non-linear maximization

Abstract The problem of optimally determining the injected concentration histories for a micellar/polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) system so as to maximize the net profitability of the project is considered. The state dynamics are described by a set of highly non-linear partial differential equations with boundary control inputs. The theoretical characterization of the optimal control policy is obtained using both a continuous and a discrete variational formulation. The numerical optimum-seeking algorithm is formulated based on generating a maximizing sequence which converges to the optimum control policy. This sequence is generated by employing gradient or conjugate directions of search on the performance measure. Numerical calculations are presented to illustrate optimal policies. Specific results depend on the physical chemistry as well as on reservoir parameters. The method has been tested on the realistic linear core experiments used to design the Sloss field test of Amoco. The optimization studies yield optimum injection strategies which improve the core flood performance by over 21%. The optimum value of the performance measure is about 81% of the greatest attainable economic value which corresponds to complete oil recovery at no chemical cost. This paper emphasizes the applicability of optimal control theory to a problem which is highly non-linear, mathematically complex and extensively large. The effectiveness of the approach has been established by numerical results.
Constructionist Leadership in the Global Relational Age: The Case of the Mountain Forum

Many people perceive mountains as powerful symbols of pristine wilderness and natural strength. But these perceptions belie the vulnerabilities of mountain environments: All over the world, expandi...
Pseudolikelihood EM for Within-network Relational Learning

In this work, we study the problem of within-network relational learning and inference, where models are learned on a partially labeled relational dataset and then are applied to predict the classes of unlabeled instances in the same graph. We categorize recent work in statistical relational learning into three alternative approaches for this setting: disjoint learning with disjoint inference, disjoint learning with collective inference, and collective learning with collective inference. Models from each of these categories has been employed previously in different settings, but to our knowledge there has been no systematic comparison of models from all three categories. In this paper, we develop a novel pseudolikelihood EM method that facilitates more general collective learning and collective inference on partially labeled relational networks. We then compare this method to competing methods from the other categories on both synthetic and real-world data. We show that collective learning and inference with the pseudolikelihood EM approach achieves significantly higher accuracy than the other types of models when there are a moderate number of labeled examples in the data graph.
Digital camera identification from sensor pattern noise

In this paper, we propose a new method for the problem of digital camera identification from its images based on the sensor's pattern noise. For each camera under investigation, we first determine its reference pattern noise, which serves as a unique identification fingerprint. This is achieved by averaging the noise obtained from multiple images using a denoising filter. To identify the camera from a given image, we consider the reference pattern noise as a spread-spectrum watermark, whose presence in the image is established by using a correlation detector. Experiments on approximately 320 images taken with nine consumer digital cameras are used to estimate false alarm rates and false rejection rates. Additionally, we study how the error rates change with common image processing, such as JPEG compression or gamma correction.
Understanding Copyright and Intellectual Property in the Digital Age: Guidelines for Teacher Educators and their Students

This article examines new developments in federal law and institutional policies related to copyright and intellectual property as they apply to faculty and students in teacher education programs in special education. Copyright law is explained, along with its implications for teaching in face-to-face, on air, an online instruction, and the changes associated with the recent passage of the TEACH Act are discussed. Intellectual property is then explained, along with a discussion of current efforts by colleges and universities to restrict the intellectual property rights of faculty members and students. The article concludes with some suggestions instructors can use to insure that they comply with copyright law in teaching, research, and service activities in addition to ideas for to protecting intellectual property rights for themselves and their students.
Visualizing Rank Deficient Models: A Row Equation Geometry of Rank Deficient Matrices and Constrained-Regression

Situations often arise in which the matrix of independent variables is not of full column rank. That is, there are one or more linear dependencies among the independent variables. This paper covers in detail the situation in which the rank is one less than full column rank and extends this coverage to include cases of even greater rank deficiency. The emphasis is on the row geometry of the solutions based on the normal equations. The author shows geometrically how constrained-regression/generalized-inverses work in this situation to provide a solution in the face of rank deficiency.
Purification and Certain Properties of Avocado Polygalacturonase

SUMMARY A procedure was developed for the extraction of polygalacturonase (PC) from avocado mesocarp. PG, which is absent from immature fruit, begins to develop at the blossom end and progresses toward the stem end. By ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography, and the use of calcium phosphate gel, a four-step procedure was developed resulting in a 36-fold purification in terms of specific activity. Avocado PG causes a random hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid to D-galacturonic acid; it has an optimum pH of 5.5 in sodium acetate buffer. Partial inhibition was caused by ammonium, potassium, and phosphate ions, and inhibition was nearly complete by polymeta-phosphate. Evidence is presented for the presence of a natural inhibitor of avocado PG in mesocarp tissue.
cDNA and genomic cloning of mouse aquaporin-2: functional analysis of an orthologous mutant causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Abstract As the first step in generating a transgenic mouse model of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), we have analyzed the mouse aquaporin-2 (Aqp2) cDNA and gene and generated a mutatedAqp2orthologous to NDI-causing humanAQP2-T126M.Aqp2cDNA was isolated from mouse kidney and encoded a 271-amino-acid protein with 90.4% identity to human AQP2. Expression inXenopusoocytes indicated thatAqp2encoded a mercurial-sensitive, water-selective channel. Northern blot analysis showed a single 1.7-kbAqp2transcript expressed only in kidney (medulla > cortex); transcript expression was increased ∼20-fold in 48-h water-deprived mice. Immunoblot analysis revealed a 29-kDa glycoprotein in mouse kidney. Sequence comparison of theAqp2cDNA with a 5.5-kb mouse genomic DNA indicated three introns (lengths 2.4, 0.9, and 0.6 kb) separating four exons with boundaries at amino acids 120, 175, and 202. Genomic Southern blot analysis revealed a single-copyAqp2gene. The mutantAqp2-T126M was water permeable when expressed inXenopusoocytes, but was retained at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in transfected mammalian cells. The chemical chaperone glycerol produced a redistribution ofAqp2-T126M from ER to plasma membrane/endosomes. These results establish a basis for anAqp2-T126M transgenic knock-in model of NDI.
Signals from the Tenth Justice: The Political Role of the Solicitor General in Supreme Court Decision Making

Conventional explanations of the solicitor general’s influence on the Supreme Court emphasize his expertise or experience. We articulate and test a more political account based on insights from signaling theory. We argue justices will be more receptive to signals from the solicitor general (S.G.) when either the justice and S.G. are ideologically proximate or the S.G.’s signal is contrary to his ideological predisposition. We test our account over the period from 1953 to 2002 using a newly developed interinstitutional measure of ideology that places executive and judicial actors on the same spatial scale. Our results highlight the political nature of the S.G.’s influence, challenging the received wisdom about the S.G.’s impact on the Supreme Court.
Introduction to Symposium on Ethical Dimensions of International Institutions

The three papers in this symposium were initially presented at a conference on the ethical dimensions of international institutions in New Orleans in February 27-28, 2009, which was sponsored by Politics, Philosophy and Economics with the generous help of the Murphy Institute of Political Economy at Tulane University. The conference brought together leading thinkers in political philosophy, international relations and political theory to engage in an empirically informed discussion of some basic ethical issues regarding international institutions. These papers represent some of the most cutting edge work on ethically relevant features of international institutions. The first two papers are on the legitimacy of international institutions while the third is concerned with the normative implications of the structure of the international institutions. The paper by Allen Buchanan ‘‘Reciprocal Legitimation: Reframing The Problem Of International Legitimacy,’’ addresses the normative basis of legitimacy, or the basis of the reasons for obeying the directives of international institutions. It continues his path-breaking work analyzing the relationships between the legitimacy of states and their governments and the legitimacy of international institutions. In contrast to the traditional view associated with international law, which asserts that the legitimacy of international institutions derives from the consent of states, he argues that the relationship between the legitimacy of international institutions and the legitimacy of states and their governments is one of mutual dependence. The paper mounts a sophisticated, empirically informed philosophical defense of this view. The paper by Miles Kahler, ‘‘Legitimacy, Humanitarian Intervention, And International Institutions,’’ addresses the single most difficult issue of legitimacy with regard to international law and institutions. His paper offers a careful political analysis of the development of international law on humanitarian intervention from the nineteenth century
New methods for the visualization of electric power system information

One area in need of new research in information visualization is the operation and analysis of large-scale electric power systems. In analyzing power systems, one is usually confronted with a large amount of multivariate data. With systems containing tens of thousands of electrical nodes (buses), a key challenge is to present this data in a form so the user can assess the state of the system in an intuitive and quick manner. This is particularly true when trying to analyze relationships between actual network power flows, the scheduled power flows, and the capacity of the transmission system. With electric industry restructuring and the move towards having a single entity, such as an independent system operator or pool, operate a much larger system, this need has become more acute. This paper presents several power system visualization techniques to help in this task. These techniques include animation of power system flow values, contouring of bus and transmission line flow values, data aggregation techniques and interactive 3D data visualization.
Gαi2-mediated protection from ischaemic injury is modulated by endogenous RGS proteins in the mouse heart

Aims Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as molecular “off switches” that terminate G protein signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of Gα-bound GTP to GDP. Many different Gαi-coupled receptors have been implicated in the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning. However, the role of RGS proteins in modulating cardioprotection has not been previously investigated. We used mice that were homozygous (GS/GS) or heterozygous (GS/+) for a mutation in Gαi2 rendering it RGS-insensitive (G184S) to determine whether interactions between endogenous RGS proteins and Gαi2 modulate Gαi-mediated protection from ischemic injury Methods and Results Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia and 2 hours reperfusion. Infarcts in GS/GS (14.5 % of area at risk) and GS/+ (22.6 % of AAR) hearts were significantly smaller than those of +/+ hearts (37.2 % of AAR) and recovery of contractile function was significantly enhanced in GS/GS and GS/+ hearts compared to +/+ hearts. The cardioprotective phenotype was not reversed by wortmannin or U0126 but was reversed by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid and HMR 1098, indicating that RGS insensitive-Gαi2 protects the heart through a mechanism that requires functional ATP-dependent potassium channels but does not require acute activation of extracellular regulated kinase or Akt signaling pathways. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that Gαi2 mediated cardioprotection is suppressed by RGS proteins. These data suggest that RGS proteins may provide novel therapeutic targets to protect the heart from ischemic injury.
BSmooth: from whole genome bisulfite sequencing reads to differentially methylated regions

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification involved in gene regulation, which can now be measured using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. However, cost, complexity of the data, and lack of comprehensive analytical tools are major challenges that keep this technology from becoming widely applied. Here we present BSmooth, an alignment, quality control and analysis pipeline that provides accurate and precise results even with low coverage data, appropriately handling biological replicates. BSmooth is open source software, and can be downloaded from http://rafalab.jhsph.edu/bsmooth.
Page overlays: an enhanced virtual memory framework to enable fine-grained memory management

Many recent works propose mechanisms demonstrating the potential advantages of managing memory at a fine (e.g., cache line) granularity---e.g., fine-grained deduplication and fine-grained memory protection. Unfortunately, existing virtual memory systems track memory at a larger granularity (e.g., 4 KB pages), inhibiting efficient implementation of such techniques. Simply reducing the page size results in an unacceptable increase in page table overhead and TLB pressure. We propose a new virtual memory framework that enables efficient implementation of a variety of fine-grained memory management techniques. In our framework, each virtual page can be mapped to a structure called a page overlay, in addition to a regular physical page. An overlay contains a subset of cache lines from the virtual page. Cache lines that are present in the overlay are accessed from there and all other cache lines are accessed from the regular physical page. Our page-overlay framework enables cache-line-granularity memory management without significantly altering the existing virtual memory framework or introducing high overheads. We show that our framework can enable simple and efficient implementations of seven memory management techniques, each of which has a wide variety of applications. We quantitatively evaluate the potential benefits of two of these techniques: overlay-on-write and sparse-data-structure computation. Our evaluations show that overlay-on-write, when applied to fork, can improve performance by 15% and reduce memory capacity requirements by 53% on average compared to traditional copy-on-write. For sparse data computation, our framework can outperform a state-of-the-art software-based sparse representation on a number of real-world sparse matrices. Our framework is general, powerful, and effective in enabling fine-grained memory management at low cost.
Design and construction of a large aperture, quadrupole electromagnet prototype for ILSE

We are currently constructing a prototype quadrupole electromagnet for the proposed Induction Linac Systems Experiment (ILSE) at LBL. ILSE will address many physics and engineering issues relevant to the design of a heavy-ion fusion driver accelerator. The pulsed electromagnet has two layers of current windings and will produce a field gradient exceeding 25 T/m at a repetition rate of 1 Hz steady-state. In this paper, we discuss how the interaction of various concerns such as maximum dynamic aperture, short lattice period, field quality, iron yoke weight, heat transfer, and voltage standoff have led to our particular design choices. We also present 2- and 3-D numerical calculations concerning field topography and the results of transport simulations of space-charge dominated ion beams with ILSE parameters.
Predictability and redundancy of natural images.

One aspect of human image understanding is the ability to estimate missing parts of a natural image. This ability depends on the redundancy of the representation used to describe the class of images. In 1951, Shannon [ Bell. Syst. Tech. J.30, 50 ( 1951)] showed how to estimate bounds on the entropy and redundancy of an information source from predictability data. The entropy, in turn, gives a measure of the limits to error-free information compaction. An experiment was devised in which human observers interactively restored missing gray levels from 128 × 128 pixel pictures with 16 gray levels. For eight images, the redundancy ranged from 46%, for a complicated picture of foliage, to 74%, for a picture of a face. For almost-complete pictures, but not for noisy pictures, this performance can be matched by a nearest-neighbor predictor.
Truthing for Pixel-Accurate Segmentation

We discuss problems in developing policies for ground truthing document images for pixel-accurate segmentation. First, we describe ground truthing policies that apply to four different scales: (1) paragraph, (2) text line, (3) character, and (4) pixel. We then analyze difficult and/or ambiguous cases that will challenge any policy, e.g. blank space, overlapping content, etc. Experiments have shown the benefit of using "tighter'' zones that capture more detail (e.g., at the text line level, instead of paragraph). We show that tighter ground truth does significantly improve classification results, by 45% in recent experiments. It is important to face the fact that a pixel-accurate segmentation can be better than manually obtained ground truth. In practice, perfectly accurate pixel-level ground truth may not be achievable of course, but we believe it is important to explore methods to semi-automatically improve existing ground truth.
CB6-01: Is Quality Assurance a Commodity?

Background/Aims Quality Assurance is a broad term with widely varying expectations about the nature of QA activities. The HMORN Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) has an expanding set of quality assurance data checks. These checks improve the reliability and consistency of the data across sites. By reviewing several real-world examples, we will step through and evaluate several of the ‘FYings’ of quality assurance work. Q1: Can we justiFY QA? Q2: Can we codiFY QA? Q3: Can we quantiFY QA? Q4: Can we demystiFY QA? And finally Q5: Can we commodiFY QA?
Evidence that FGF8 signalling from the midbrain-hindbrain junction regulates growth and polarity in the developing midbrain

The developing vertebrate mesencephalon shows a rostrocaudal gradient in the expression of a number of molecular markers and in the cytoarchitectonic differentiation of the tectum, where cells cease proliferating and differentiate in a rostral to caudal progression. Tissue grafting experiments have implicated cell signalling by the mesencephalic-metencephalic (mid-hindbrain) junction (or isthmus) in orchestrating these events. We have explored the role of Wnt-1 and FGF8 signalling in the regulation of mesencephalic polarity. Wnt-1 is expressed in the caudal mesencephalon and Fgf8 in the most rostral metencephalon. Wnt-1 regulates Fgf8 expression in the adjacent metencephalon, most likely via a secondary mesencephalic signal. Ectopic expression of Fgf8 in the mesencephalon is sufficient to activate expression of Engrailed-2 (En-2) and ELF-1, two genes normally expressed in a decreasing caudal to rostral gradient in the posterior mesencephalon. Ectopic expression of Engrailed-1 (En-1), a functionally equivalent homologue of En-2 is sufficient to activate ELF-1 expression by itself. These results indicate the existence of a molecular hierarchy in which FGF8 signalling establishes the graded expression of En-2 within the tectum. This in turn may act to specify other aspects of A-P polarity such as graded ELF-1 expression. Our studies also reveal that FGF8 is a potent mitogen within the mesencephalon: when ectopically expressed, neural precursors continue to proliferate and neurogenesis is prevented. Taken together our results suggest that FGF8 signalling from the isthmus has a key role in coordinately regulating growth and polarity in the developing mesencephalon.
Implementation of VA Patient-centered Prescription Label and Patient Medication Information☆

Abstract In 2011, VA National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS) evaluated the impact of culture, age, and education on the understanding of a proposed evidence-based Veterans Affairs (VA) prescription label. The evaluation was conducted using structured in-person focus group methodology. Participants were recruited from various regions of the United States to ensure broad representation of various cultural and ethnic groups that receive services from the VA. The study confirmed that a new standardized VA prescription label is preferred by Veterans and improved Veteran comprehension of prescription label information vs the prescription label used at that time. The VA approved standardizing all prescriptions labels to the VA Patient Centric Prescription Label format. Implementation VA wide was completed January 2015. The 2010 study also identified poor Veteran comprehension of the patient centric information (PMI) provided with each prescription. The text of the current PMI is provided by First Data Bank (FDB) and the VA specifies the format in which the PMI is printed. A 2015 study will evaluate different PMI formats to enhance Veteran comprehension and preference.
Transurethral Incision of the Bladder Neck and Prostate

AbstractBetween March 1983 and December 1988, 66 men 50 years old and older with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction underwent transurethral incision of the bladder neck and prostate. Patients selected for incision had a small, clinically benign, prostate and peak urinary flow rate of less than 15ml. per second. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation included symptom questionnaires and uroflowmetry. A single midline incision was made extending from the bladder neck to the verumontanum. Results were available in 64 of the 66 men who underwent the procedure with a mean followup of 2.24 years. Mean symptom scores decreased from 9.66 preoperatively to 4.59 postoperatively (p <0.001) and peak urinary flow rates increased from 7.4 to 14.7ml. per second (p <0.0001). Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in 83.3% of the men who preoperatively had antegrade ejaculation. Subsequent transurethral resection of the prostate was required in 5 patients (7.6%). With a mean followup of greater than 2 years transurethr...
Finding diverse solutions of high quality to constraint optimization problems

A number of effective techniques for constraint-based optimization can be used to generate either diverse or high-quality solutions independently, but no framework is devoted to accomplish both simultaneously. In this paper, we tackle this issue with a generic paradigm that can be implemented in most existing solvers. We show that our technique can be specialized to produce diverse solutions of high quality in the context of over-constrained problems. Furthermore, our paradigm allows us to consider diversity from a different point of view, based on generic concepts expressed by global constraints.
Chronic benzol poisoning.

Our purposes were to verify in human pathology, the morbid anatomical changes described in animals poisoned with benzol, and to observe the effects of benzol medication on patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.The first studies were on a patient occupationally exposed to the fumes from a vat of benzol from January 6, 1925, to March 20, 1925. The symptoms, findings and course including a terminal sepsis were typical of chronic benzol poisoning. Entrance to the hospital was on May 27, 1925, and death on June 7, 1925.Blood: R.B.C. 860,000; W.B.C. 1400; Hb. 20 per cent. Differential. Polymorphonuclear neutrophiles 13 per cent; lymphocytes 48 per cent; endothelial leucocytes 39 per cent. No norma-blasts were seen. Blood platelets 70,000. Coagulation time 9 minutes. Bleeding time 13 minutes.Necropsy showed hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes and meninges. The lungs had the gross appearance of broncho-pneumonia. Microscopically the alveoli were plugged with fibrin which contained many organisms bat ...
Detecting Damage in a UAV Composite Wing Spar Using Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensors

The primary structure of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) wing is commonly composed of outer wing skins attached (bonded or fastened) to a main wing spar both composed of advanced composite materials. The main wing spar is designed to take the primary bending and transverse shear loads, whereas the wing skin is designed to take the wing torsion loads. Since these aircraft are developed for long range continuous (surveillance) flight with minimal time for ground inspection, it is desirable to have an in-flight structural health monitoring (SHM) system for insuring the structural integrity of the wing structural components and attachments. In the current study an SHM computational and experimental testbed is developed for analyzing the structural integrity of a composite wing spar, where fixturing is included to produce realistic wing bending and torsion natural frequencies and corresponding coupled bending-torsion vibration modes. The wing spar is instrumented using Bragg graded fiber optic distributed strain sensors along the spar length on three sides to determine the axial strain and bending modal curvature distributions and in a wavy configuration on the fourth side in an attempt to monitor spar twisting behavior. Initially, finite element studies of a damaged composite wing spar are performed to determine the modal curvature distributions for evaluation of numerous published SHM approaches. Finally, an experimental study is performed where the free vibration response of the undamaged and damaged wing spar is monitored based upon either an impact excitation or an initial displacement. While these results clearly show the damage using the computational models, there are difficulties locating damage using the distributed fiber optic strain sensors.
Theory and Practice in Recent Studies of Japanese Politics

THE closely spaced appearance of these three new texts provides an interesting insight into the current status of our research and knowledge in the field of Japanese politics. Since the general level of our scholarly sophistication and accomplishment is probably higher in the case of Japan than in that of any other Asian state, it is perhaps not too much to claim that, by extension, these three studies also illustrate difficulties and suggest possibilities of general concern to all students of Asian and comparative politics. These values emerge most clearly when the works are considered in tandem as representing the views of four able scholars on the vexing problems of how best to portray the whole of a nation's government and politics. Viewed in this light, the three books can be placed on a scale varying, in terms of the authors' approaches, from the most traditional to the most experimental. If this is done, the study by Professors Quigley and Turner is undoubtedly the most orthodox, Dr. Ike's probably the most experimental, while Professor Yanaga's tends on most counts to fall between the others, though in a position closer to Ike than to Quigley and Turner. Let us first consider the books separately.
Migrant Labor and the “Poverty” of Asian American Studies

At the closing session of the 1984 meeting of the Association for Asian American Studies at UCLA, Lucie Cheng decried the “poverty” of the field. The “poverty” referred to by the longtime director of the country’s largest Asian American Studies program was the failure of scholars to develop significant theoretical and methodological tools for understanding our past and present condition. There is considerable merit to her assessment. Since its inception in 1969, Asian American Studies has not produced scholarship comparable to that of African American or Chicano Studies. We have yet to see the emergence of a prophet like W. E. B. Du Bois or a scholar/activist like Ernest0 Galarza. We have yet to challenge the conventions of the melting pot and nation of immigrants with the boldness of internal colonialism or an explication of race and class. (I am thinking here of the work of Robert Blauner, Frank Bonilla, James Geschwender, and Mario Barrera.) I must, however, disagree with Cheng at another level. Asian American Studies can lay claim to a stellar cast of writers and poets, and to a growing group of scholars coming into full bloom. I refer here to the depth of historical research manifest in the works of Sucheng Chan and Yuji Ichioka, and to the range in theory and evidence in the writings of Edna Bonacich, Michael Omi, and Ronald Takaki. Asian American Studies is not totally impoverished.
Brown-Séquard and His Work on the Spinal Cord

Charles Edouard Brown-Sequard was born in Mauritius in 1817, graduated as a physician in Paris in 1846, was a founder-physician of the National Hospital (for Neurology and Neurosurgery) in England, and held the Chair of Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System at Harvard College before succeeding Claude Bernard as professor of medicine at the College de France in Paris, where he remained until his death in 1894. Erratic and unpredictable, he spent much of his life in traveling between Europe and the United States, married three times, fathered three children, authored almost 600 scientific publications, and was the founder-editor of three journals. Widely regarded as a founder of modern endocrinology, his work on tissue extracts toward the end of his career brought scorn and derision from colleagues and much of the lay public, but was the foundation of modern hormone replacement therapy. Brown-Sequard made many contributions to neurology, but is best known for his work on the sensory pathways in the spinal cord. He initially showed that these pathways are not confined to the posterior columns and that certain sensory fibers decussate soon after their entry into the spinal cord, and he subsequently described the clinical features of the syndrome now named after him. In his later life, he modified his views to suggest that dynamic spinal mechanisms are responsible at least in part for the sensory changes resulting from spinal cord lesions, stressing that any deficit is not simply the result of the interruption of a hard-wired system. The clinical implications of these views are profound, but this aspect of his work has been virtually ignored until very recently.
Phase I/II Study of Recombinant Interferon Gamma in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

AbstractA phase I and II evaluation of 42 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with recombinant interferon gamma was done. Patients were treated with either a daily 2-hour infusion or 24-hour infusion for 7 days every 3 weeks for at least 2 cycles. Patients who demonstrated stable disease or improvement on therapy then were continued on a maintenance program of 5 days of recombinant interferon gamma administered every 3 to 4 weeks. The initial starting dose was 10mcg. per m.2 per day with escalations to 30, 100, 300, 1,000 and 3,000mcg. per m.2.Dose-limiting toxicity occurred at 1,000 to 3,000mcg. per m.2, and included leukopenia, chills, fevers, rigors and hepatotoxicity as manifested by elevation in the transaminase and bilirubin levels. Tumor responses were seen initially at the 300mcg. per m.2 dose level. Over-all, of 41 patients evaluable for therapeutic effectiveness 1 demonstrated a complete response 6 months in duration and 3 demonstrated partial responses 2, 9 and 13 months in dura...
Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.

Summary: A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is presented and the literature on this subject is summarized. The possibility of an etiologic link between catatonia related to a psychiatric disorder and NMS is explored. Possible rela
Effect of Headspace Oxygen Concentration on Growth and Toxin Production by Proteolytic Strains of Clostridium botulinum.

A series of experiments was conducted to determine growth and toxin formation by proteolytic strains of Clostridium botulinum in broth media that have known pH values (5-7), NaCl concentrations (0-4%), and controlled oxygen-nitrogen atmospheres. Lower pH and higher NaCl levels inhibited growth and toxin production by vegetative cells, but 15% oxygen in the headspace was insufficient for inhibition in all media. When spores were used as inocula and the tubes were gas flushed, outgrowth and toxin production generally occurred only under a 1% or less oxygen atmosphere. Occurrence of growth and toxin was favored by high pH and low NaCl levels and was related to spore inoculum size. Spores were also inoculated into a mixed fermenter with controlled oxygen levels in the headspace. Times to measurable turbidity increased with greater oxygen levels from 36 h at 0.005% O2 to 109 h at 0.7% O2; however, growth rates were unaffected by headspace oxygen levels. No toxin was observed with 0.9% O2, further demonstrating that the critical level of oxygen for germination and growth is approximately 1%.
Manufacturing Parts From Melt-Processible Fluoropolymers

Melt-processible fluoropolymers are usually polymers, copolymers, or terpolymers of fluorinated monomers. They are processed by the same methods as other thermoplastics including extrusion, injection molding, transfer molding, compression molding, blow molding, and rotational molding/lining. This chapter describes fabrication of parts from fluoropolymers using these techniques. Each process has its own characteristics, yet they all depend on melt and flow of plastics. Unlike injection molding, extrusion and other processes produce semifinished or an intermediate article. Further processing and fabrication is required to produce an end product. This chapter begins with a brief coverage of topics that are common to all processes: material of construction, rheology, and thermal stability.
A Judgment for Solomon: Into a Court of Law

As their trial date drew near, the d'Hautevilles faced their most critical and most public legal experience. They knew that the trial would determine which of them got custody of Frederick. What they did not know was that it would become a major legal event with uncertain consequences for clients and counsel as well as the issues over which they battled. Most custody hearings lasted a day or two, but postponements and courtroom maneuvers would stretch theirs late into the fall. During those weeks and months, Ellen and Gonzalve learned yet another legal lesson: A trial was not a simple process of dispute resolution, but a complicated social drama. Tribunals like the Philadelphia Court of General Sessions have long been popular public theaters. A seventeenth-century English diarist eagerly anticipated an upcoming trip to London, when he would indulge in three of his favorite pleasures: “good food and drink, the society of pretty women, and entertaining mornings in the law courts, watching the cases there.” The courts were equally attractive to nineteenth-century Americans. Located in the center of every city and many towns, courthouses staged a constant repertoire of social dramas like the d'Hauteville case. And these performances ought to be understood in the anthropological meaning of social dramas: events that reveal latent conflicts in a society and thus illuminate its fundamental social structures. Such events turned the courtroom into a public theater and trials into morality plays that forced the litigants and the public to confront some of their most cherished hopes and crippling fears.
AUSPICE-R: Automatic Safety-Property Proofs for Realistic Features in Machine Code

Automatically generating proofs of safety properties for software is important as software becomes safety-critical, e.g., in medical devices and automobiles. While current techniques can automatically prove safety properties for machine code, they either: (i) do not support user-mode programs in an operating system, (ii) do not support realistic program features such as system calls, or (iii) have been demonstrated only on programs of limited sizes. We present AUSPICE-R, which automates safety-property proof generation for user-mode ARM machine code containing system calls, and greatly improves the scalability of automated safety-property proof generation. AUSPICE-R uses an axiomatic approach to model system calls, and leverages idioms in compiled code to optimize its proof automation. We demonstrate AUSPICE-R on (i) simple working versions of common text utilities that perform I/O, and (ii) embedded programs for the Raspberry Pi single-board-computer containing hardware I/O. AUSPICE-R automatically proves safety up to 12\(\times \) faster, and supports programs 3\(\times \) larger, than prior techniques.
Frequency Synthesizer Transient Effects in FH-FSK

Agile frequency synthesizers have been proposed for accomplishing the frequency-hopping and dehopping in FH-FSK communications. Since the design of such synthesizers generally involve divide-down phase-lock loops, transients exist that limit the ability of the loop to hop rapidly over the hopping band. These transients lead to effective energy loss that degrades the resulting decoding performance. In this paper, hopping transients are studied in terms of their dynamical equations, their relation to key loop parameters, and their effect on decoding operations. The importance of pre-tuning is shown. Suggested techniques to combat the transient loss, as delaying the decoder integration start-time, or ping-ponging two synthesizers, are evaluated.
Protest and Power

In this chapter, the works of Terry Eagleton and Walter Benjamin are used to frame the emphasis on embodiment, Victor Turner and Mikhail Bakhtin to address questions of liminality, and Sander Gilman’s stereotypes are used to understand how informants manage political identities in the field. The framework proposed looks at the way artistic perception intersects with political categories by grounding analysis in practices of embodiment. According to Eagleton and Benjamin, for the body to be the repository of both esthetic and ideological experience it must be in a whole, or “harmonious,” state. This chapter argues that in a liminal setting like that encountered during an activist-live music event, the body is in such a state, permitting us to gauge the political significance of artistic practices.
Examining the Association Between Health Literacy and Medication Adherence Among Older Adults.

Health literacy plays a vital role in patients’ understanding of their prescribed medication instructions. To inform strategies to assist providers in communicating in a manner that is easily under...
Components of accuracy of interpersonal perception scores and the clinical and statistical prediction controversy

This study was designed to provide data illustrating a proposed reconceptualization of the clinical and statistical prediction controversy. This reconceptualization is based on a distinction between two components of accuracy scores: Stereotype Accuracy and Interpersonal Accuracy. It was hypothesized that, under the conditions of this experiment, statistical prediction is superior on Stereotype Accuracy but that clinical prediction is superior on Interpersonal Accuracy. These hypotheses were tested using 56 college student Ss, who made predictions about six standard persons presented by means of sound-color movies of an interview situation. The data obtained in this study substantiate both hypotheses.
Phenotyping and genotyping parents of sixteen recombinant inbred peanut populations

ABSTRACT In peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), most agronomically important traits such as yield, disease resistance, and pod and kernel characteristics are quantitatively inherited. Phenotypic selectio...