cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography of fungi: observations on variability among nine Penicillium species of the Section Asymmetrica, Subsection Fasciculata.

Mathematical expressions of variability or similarity based on data from pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatograms were calculated for each combination among three strains of each of nine fasciculatePenicillium spp. The mean similarity for eight of these species clustered around 41 but the similarity forP. cyclopium was 58. Within each of the nine species, exceptP. urticae, at least one combination of strains had a similarity of 51 or greater. Similarities were also calculated for 576 possible combinations among 27 strains used in this study. These data indicate that certain strains of these nine penicillia may be more closely related to strains of other fasciculate species than they are to strains within their own species. This agrees with previous observations on variability and intergradation in the subsection Fasciculata.
The Effects of Task Clarification, Visual Prompts, and Graphic Feedback on Customer Greeting and Up-selling in a Restaurant

Abstract An intervention consisting of task clarification, visual prompts, and graphic feedback was evaluated to increase customer greeting and up-selling in a restaurant. A combination multiple baseline and reversal design was used to evaluate intervention effects. Although all interventions improved performance over baseline, the delivery of graphic feedback was most effective for both greeting and up-selling.
Genes and phenotypes in the Samaritan isolate.

A genetic and anthropological survey of the Samaritan community in Israel carried out in the autumn of 1963 included tests for about 30 blood group antigens, several serum proteins, hemoglobin variants Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase activity, secretor status, color-blindness and some 18 anthropometric measurements and 18 morphological observations. About 90% of the total group were studied. The results obtained show that in blood groups, the Samaritans have the highest O frequency in the Middle East, A2 is more common than A1, and there are more N genes than M. Not a single case of G6PD deficiency was found. The incidence of color-blindness is very high (27%). There is heterogeneity in physical type and large variations between individuals are also manifested in hair and eye-color distribution.
Yersinia pestis outer membrane type III secretion protein YscC: expression, purification, characterization, and induction of specific antiserum

Abstract The type III secretion system (YscC) protein of Yersinia pestis plays an essential role in the translocation of Yersinia outer proteins (Yops) into eukaryotic target cells through a type III secretion mechanism. To assess the immunogenicity and potential protective efficacy of YscC against lethal plague challenge, we cloned, overexpressed, and purified YscC using two different bacterial expression and purification systems. The resulting expression plasmids for YscC, pETBlue-2-YscC and pTYB11-YscC, were regulated by robust T7 promoters that were induced with isopropyl-β- d -thiogalactopyranoside. The intein–fusion pTYB11-YscC system and the six-histidine-tagging pETBlue-2-YscC system were both successful for producing and purifying YscC. The intein-mediated purification system produced about 1 mg of soluble YscC per liter of bacterial culture while the YscC-His 6 -tag method resulted in 16 mg of insoluble YscC per liter of bacterial culture. Protein identity for purified YscC-His 6 was confirmed by ion trap mass spectrometry. Antisera were produced against both YscC and YscC-His 6 . The specific immune response generated in YscC-vaccinated mice was relative to the particular purified protein, YscC or YscC-His 6 , which was used for vaccination as determined by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Regardless of the purification method, either form of the YscC protein failed to elicit a protective immune response against lethal plague challenge with either F1 capsule forming Y. pestis CO92 or the isogenic F1 − Y. pestis C12.
Radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies D612 and 17-1A with 3-lodophenylisothiocyanate and their biodistribution in tumor-bearing nude mice

Background. The development of a metabolically stable radioiodination reagent for coupling to monoclonal antibodies is a desirable goal. The radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies D612 and 17-1A reactive with human colon cancer with 3-iodophenylisothiocyanate has been investigated. This new ligand, on coupling with monoclonal antibodies, should form a stable thiourea linkage via a reaction of the isothiocyanate moiety with the e-amino group of lysine. Methods. The starting material, 125 I- or 131 I-labeled 3-iodophenylisothiocyanate, was synthesized in good radiochemical yield with a purity of >99% via a reaction of electrophilic radioiodine with 3-tri-n-butylstannylphenylisothiocyanate
Is ouabain an authentic endogenous mammalian substance derived from the adrenal

Ouabain has recently been reported to be an endogenous mammalian substance released by the adrenal cortex and present in normal plasma. We have attempted to confirm and extend this observation. Using a ouabain radioimmunoassay developed in this laboratory, we fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) normal human plasma from healthy volunteers to determine the presence of ouabain immunoreactivity and compare this immunoreactivity with authentic ouabain. In most subjects no ouabain immunoreactivity that coeluted with authentic ouabain was observed. Some subjects had ouabain-immunoreactive material present at low levels, but it was largely attributable to cross-reactivity with diverse substances found not to be ouabain. Similar results were obtained after analysis of plasma collected from 10 patients entering a medical intensive care unit. Studies of serum-free medium conditioned by bovine adrenocortical cells showed some ouabain immunoreactivity. To determine whether this material might be a steroid product of cholesterol side-chain cleavage, we performed chemical blockade of steroidogenesis, which effectively suppressed progesterone production by these cells but had no consistent effect on ouabain immunoreactivity in this medium. Stimulation of steroidogenesis with 22-R-OH-cholesterol in bovine adrenocortical cells did not produce any increase in the ouabain immunoreactivity present in conditioned medium. Subsequent HPLC studies of ouabain immunoreactivity in bovine adrenocortical cell-conditioned medium indicated that authentic ouabain did not account for most of the ouabain immunoreactivity in serum-free medium. Studies with bovine adrenocortical cells incubated in a minimal salt and glucose medium indicated a small peak of immunoreactivity that may correspond to authentic ouabain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reaction of the pituitary-adrenal system of irradiated rats to repeated stress

The response of the hypophyseal-adrenal system of irradiated rats to a repeated action of unfavorable factors was studied.
A new way to measure the electron cyclotron frequency

A method is described for using spin flips to measure the 0 to 1 cyclotron transition frequency of a single electron in a Penning trap. Detection can be accomplished with magnetic bottles of 10 T/m2 or less, thereby greatly reducing the thermal broadening of the cyclotron line. This method complements a recently published technique for measuring the anomaly frequency, making a more precise measurement of the electron anomaly ratio possible.
Direct measurements of fluorescence decays of selected conformers of tryptophan derivatives

Supersonic gas expansion techniques can be used to prepare samples of cold gas phase analogs of tryptophan. The excited state origins of different conformers can be selectively laser excited and the fluorescence decays recorded. When possible 1La state effects on emission lifetime are recognized and eliminated. The remaining data set can be appraised in terms of conformer dependent fluorescence quenching due to election transfer.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Distinguishing paintings from photographs

We addressed the problem of automatically differentiating photographs of real scenes from photographs of paintings. We found that photographs differ from paintings in their color, edge, and texture properties. Based on these features, we trained and tested a classifier on a database of 6000 paintings and 6000 photographs. Using single features results in ~70-80% correct discrimination performance, whereas a classifier using multiple features exceeds 90% correct discrimination.
Does competition enhance performance? Entry policy and efficiency patterns in telecommunications markets

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the impact of competitor entry on efficiency outcome in two‐sided network context.Design/methodology/approach – The context is the population of incumbent firms making up the local exchange segment of the telecommunications industry in the US over a 14‐year period from 1988 to 2001.Findings – The results show that encouraging the entry of competitors had led quite substantially to the enhancement of efficiencies for the incumbent firms.Practical implications – A policy conclusion would be to enhance the incentives for new firms to enter two‐sided markets and also suppress anti‐competitive behavior by incumbents in such contexts with a firm hand so as to enhance efficiency levels.Originality/value – This is a comprehensive analysis of policy changes in one of the world's largest telecommunications markets and the results have applicability across several other country contexts.
Toward a psychology of behavioral contracting

Abstract Some of the limitations of the outcome literature on behavioral contracting may be attributable to reliance on limited operant conceptualizations. An alternative view is suggested based on cognitive as well as operant concepts. Behavioral contracting is described as potentially consisting of a sequence of six phases of client-contractor activities: (1) initial decision-making; (2) generation of expectancies, goals, and plans; (3) identification of target behaviors and setting events; (4) monitoring progress; (5) delivering consequences; and, (6) programming generalization. The relevance of each of these phases to behavioral contracting, as well as conceptual and practical implications, are discussed.
Implications of the sequence similarities between tau and myelin basic protein

The minor myelin basic protein (MBP) isoforms with M, 21.5 and 17 kDa and the cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin are enriched in an interlamellar junctional specialization within central nervous system (CNS) myelin, the radial component (RC). To pursue the notion that there are specific interactions between these constituents, we searched for sequences in MBP that are homologous to sequences in the tubulin-binding protein tau. We found that the sequence motifs that are homologous to the phosphorylation and tubulin binding sites of tau (-RSP- and -KPGFG-) are also within the exon 2 and 6-encoded peptides of MBP. The -KPGFG- motif is unique to MBP when compared to other myelin proteins, and is highly conserved in the MBPs among vertebrate species. The physicochemical properties of the MBP and tau peptides that contain these sequences and their predicted secondary structures suggest that the peptides containing these motifs are hydrophilic and folded largely in turn and coil. This implies that the motifs are located at the protein surface where they would be accessible for interactions with other components of proteins or lipids. We propose that these putative phosphorylation and tubulin-binding sites in MBP may play functional roles in CNS myelin that are analogous to their roles in tau.
Magnification factor and receptive field size in foveal striate cortex of the monkey.

Receptive field size and magnification have been studied in striate cortex of awake, behaving rhesus monkeys at visual eccentricities in the range of 5–160 min. The major findings that emerge are (1) magnification in the foveola achieves values in the range of 30 mm/deg, (2) mean field size is not proportional to inverse magnification in contrast with previous reports, and (3) the product, magnification X aggregate field size, is greater in central vision than in peripheral vision. Thus, a point of light projected onto foveal retina is “seen” by larger numbers of striate cortical cells than a point of light projected onto peripheral retina. Implications of these findings for visual localization and two-point discrimination are discussed.
Modeling and Simulation of Coupled Cell Proliferation and Regulation in Heterogeneous Tissue

The primary objective of this work is to develop a computational framework that efficiently simulates the time-transient proliferation of cellular tissue, with heterogeneous microstructure, utilizing two strongly-coupled conservation laws: Specifically, a straightforward approach is developed that researchers in the field can easily implement and use as a computationally-efficient tool to study such biological systems. Because multifield coupling is present, a recursive, staggered, temporally-adaptive, Finite Difference Time Domain scheme is developed to resolve the interacting fields. The time-step adaptation allows the numerical scheme to iteratively resolve the changing physical fields by reducing the time-steps during phases of the process when the system is undergoing changes on relatively small time-scales or enlarging the time-steps when the processes are relatively slow. The spatial discretization grids are uniform and dense, and the heterogeneous microstructure, is embedded into the spatial discretization. The regular grid allows one to generate a matrix-free iterative formulation which is amenable to rapid computation and minimal memory requirements, making it ideal for laptop computation. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the approach.
Prostatic binding protein: An androgen-dependent marker for prostate epithelial cells

Abstract Indirect immunofluorescent staining revealed that Prostatic Binding Protein, the major androgen-dependent protein in rat ventral prostate in vivo , is associated specifically with the epithelial cells in primary cell cultures derived from rat ventral prostate. The epithelial cells release Prostatic Binding Protein into the medium during primary culture. De novo synthesis of Prostatic Binding Protein is demonstrable during early phases of cell culture. Prostatic Binding Protein is an excellent marker for the identification of functional prostate epithelial cells and for the study of regulation at the cellular level of the synthesis and secretion of a major androgen-dependent prostate protein.
A flanking attack on cancer

Solid tumors in mice treated with several cycles of the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin regress, do not develop drug resistance, and eventually fail to recur.
Ontogenetic differences in the effects of unpaired stimulus preexposure on eyeblink conditioning in the rat

Learned irrelevance (LIr) is a Pavlovian conditioning phenomenon in which random or unpaired preexposure to a conditional stimulus (CS) and to an unconditional stimulus (US) retards subsequent paired conditioning involving these stimuli. A previous developmental study of eyeblink conditioning in the rat suggested that LIr is not present on postnatal Day 20. Stanton, Fox, and Carter (1998) showed that unpaired preexposure to a CS and a US on postnatal Day 17 failed to retard (and, in fact, facilitated) subsequent paired conditioning involving these stimuli on postnatal Day 20. The present experiments were designed to further characterize the ontogeny of this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, LIr was observed when rat pups were tested for eyeblink conditioning as described in Stanton et al. (1998), except that preexposure occurred on postnatal Day 27, and acquisition testing occurred on postnatal Day 30. In Experiment 2, preexposure and acquisition both occurred on postnatal Day 30, and four types of preexposure were compared: chamber only, CS alone, US alone, or unpaired presentation of CS and US. Unpaired preexposure impaired acquisition relative to that of the remaining three groups, which did not differ. Experiment 3, showed that under the conditions of Experiment 2, LIr failed to appear on postnatal Day 20, but was observed on postnatal Days 25 and 30. These findings suggest that learning that events are unrelated emerges between postnatal Days 20 and 25 in the rat. Possible behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying this effect are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 8–18, 2001
Amygdalar volume and behavioral development in autism.

Context The amygdala is associated with socioemotional function and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism. Objective To examine the relationship between amygdalar volume at ages 3 and 4 years and severity of clinical course and outcome at 6 years of age in children with autism spectrum disorder. Design Magnetic resonance images acquired at 3 and 4 years of age were used to measure total cerebral, amygdalar, and hippocampal volumes. Acquisition of social and communication skills was assessed semiannually using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Hierarchical linear models were used to predict variability in individual linear growth trajectories as a function of IQ, total cerebral, and amygdalar or hippocampal volumes. Setting Longitudinal study of children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorders between 3 and 6 years of age. Main Outcome Measure Linear growth trajectory of age equivalence Vineland communication and social scores. Results Larger right amygdalar volume was associated with more severe social and communication impairments at ages 3 and 4 years. Larger right amygdalar volume also was predictive of poorer social and communication abilities at age 6 years, even after controlling for IQ and total cerebral volume. Parallel analyses with hippocampal volumes found no relationship to social or communication development. Conclusions Larger right amygdalar volume at 3 and 4 years of age, but not left amygdalar, hippocampal, or total cerebral volume, is associated with a more severe clinical course and worse outcome at age 6 years in children with autism spectrum disorder. These results provide additional evidence that amygdalar development is implicated in the behavioral impairments found in autism.
LOW-TEMPERATURE PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN THE VANADIUM--HYDROGEN SYSTEM.

Electron microscope specimens containing β-vanadium hydride showed evidence for the occurrence of a low-temperature phase transformation. Upon cooling to a specific temperature in the range from 170 to 200 °K additional 1/3 order reflections appeared which were shown to come from different regions than the β-hydride domains. The 1/3 order reflections are consistent with (101)b.c.t. planes of hydrogen atoms spaced 3d101 apart. Elektronenmikroskopische Proben, die β-Vanadiumhydrid enthalten, zeigen eine Phasen-transformation bei tiefen Temperaturen. Nach Abkuhlung auf eine spezifische Temperatur im Bereich von 170 bis 200 °K treten zusatzliche Reflexionen von der Ordnung 1/3 auf, von denen gezeigt wird, das sie aus anderen Bereichen kommen als die β-Hydriddomanen. Die Reflexionen der Ordnung 1/3 sind mit (101)b.c.t.-Ebenen der Wasserstoffatome, die durch 3d101 voneinander entfernt sind, konsistent.
Metal Ions, Not Metal-Catalyzed Oxidative Stress, Cause Clay Leachate Antibacterial Activity

Aqueous leachates prepared from natural antibacterial clays, arbitrarily designated CB-L, release metal ions into suspension, have a low pH (3.4–5), generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, and have a high oxidation-reduction potential. To isolate the role of pH in the antibacterial activity of CB clay mixtures, we exposed three different strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to 10% clay suspensions. The clay suspension completely killed acid-sensitive and acid-tolerant E. coli O157:H7 strains, whereas incubation in a low-pH buffer resulted in a minimal decrease in viability, demonstrating that low pH alone does not mediate antibacterial activity. The prevailing hypothesis is that metal ions participate in redox cycling and produce ROS, leading to oxidative damage to macromolecules and resulting in cellular death. However, E. coli cells showed no increase in DNA or protein oxidative lesions and a slight increase in lipid peroxidation following exposure to the antibacterial leachate. Further, supplementation with numerous ROS scavengers eliminated lipid peroxidation, but did not rescue the cells from CB-L-mediated killing. In contrast, supplementing CB-L with EDTA, a broad-spectrum metal chelator, reduced killing. Finally, CB-L was equally lethal to cells in an anoxic environment as compared to the aerobic environment. Thus, ROS were not required for lethal activity and did not contribute to toxicity of CB-L. We conclude that clay-mediated killing was not due to oxidative damage, but rather, was due to toxicity associated directly with released metal ions.
Ccl22/MDC, is a prostaglandin dependent pyrogen, acting in the anterior hypothalamus to induce hyperthermia via activation of brown adipose tissue.

Abstract CC Chemokine ligand 22 (Ccl22) is a selective, high affinity ligand at the CC chemokine receptor 4 (Ccr4). We have identified cDNAs encoding both ligand and receptor of the Ccl22–Ccr4 pair in cDNA libraries of the anterior hypothalamus/pre-optic area (AH/POA) by PCR. The AH/POA is the key brain region where endogenous pyrogens have been shown to act on warm sensitive neurons to affect thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and other thermogenically responsive tissues. We show that functional Ccr4 receptors are present in the AH/POA neurons as injection of Ccl22 into the POA but not to other hypothalamic nuclei induces an increase in core body temperature as measured by radiotelemetry. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg s.c) pre-treatment markedly reduced the hyperthermia evoked by POA injection of Ccl22 (10 ng/0.5 ul) and thus suggests that this hyperthermia is mediated through cyclooxygenase activation and thus likely through the formation and action of the pyrogen prostaglandin E2. The temperature elevation involves a decrease in the respiratory exchange ratio and increased activation of the brown adipose tissue as demonstrated by 18 F-FDG–PET imaging. We describe a novel role to the ligand Ccl22 and its receptor Ccr4 in the anterior hypothalamus in temperature regulation that depends on the synthesis of the endogenous pyrogen, prostaglandin E2.
Styles of Sociological Thought: Sociologies, Epistemologies, and the Mexican and U.S. Quests for Truth

Both U.S. and Mexican sociologies allege that they are in the business of making true scientific knowledge claims about the social world. Conventional conceptions of science notwithstanding, I demonstrate that their claims to truth and scientificity are based on alternative epistemological grounds. Drawing a random sample of nonquantitative articles from four leading journals, I show that, first, they assign a different role to theories, and indeed they have dissimilar understandings of what a theory should consist of. Second, whereas U.S. sociology actively struggles against subjectivity, Mexican sociology maximizes the potentials of subjective viewpoints. Third, U.S. sociologists tend to regard highly and Mexican sociologists to eagerly disregard the principle of ethical neutrality. These consistent and systematic differences raise two theoretical issues. First, I argue that Mexican and U.S. sociologies are epistemologically, semantically, and perceptually incommensurable. I contend that this problem is crucial for sociology's interest in the social conditioning of scientific knowledge's content. Second, I suggest four lines of thought that can help us explain the epistemological differences I find. Finally, I argue that sociologists would greatly profit from studying epistemologies in the same fashion they have studied other kinds of scientific and nonscientific beliefs.
Local accumulation of thermally grown oxide in plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings with rough top-coat/bond-coat interfaces

Abstract After thermal cycle exposure, multilayered accumulation of thermally grown oxide (TGO) was observed locally on the tops of the roughness protrusions of the bond coat in thermal barrier coatings. This phenomenon is attributed to the repeated separation and growth of the TGO. The TGO accumulation caused cracking in the top coat.
Maxillary-mandibular advancement for obstructive sleep apnea

Surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome may, in many cases, need to address obstruction at the level of the palate and the base of tongue. By careful evaluation and a stepwise surgical approach, those individuals who require more aggressive advancement of the hypopharyngeal airway may be identified. Maxillary-mandibular advancement is an effective mechanism to maximize this airway space.
Further evidence that there is more than one adrenal 21-hydroxylase system.

Abstract The 21-hydroxylase activity of microsomes isolated from bovine adrenal cortex have been assayed using [21- 3 H]17-hydroxypregnenolone and [1,2- 3 H]17-hydroxyprogesterone as substrates. When the assays are performed in the presence of an NADH regenerating system, to inhibit steroid 3β-hydroxy isomerase-dehydrogenase activity, the microsomes oxidize the 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroid at a rate of 0.37nmol/min·nmol cytochrome P-450 and the 3-keto-4-ene steroid at a rate of 6.4 nmol/min · nmol. When the microsomes are solubilized with Triton CF-54 they lose the ability to oxidize the 3-hydroxy-5-ene steroid, while the specific activity of the microsomes for the 3-keto-4-ene steroid is enhanced 3-fold. In contrast, when the microsomes are solubilized with sodium cholate, their specific activity towards the 4-ene steroid is decreased by 50% while the specific activity for a low concentration of the 5-ene steroid, 1 μM, is unchanged. In addition, when the oxidations of the labeled steroids (at 1 μM) by the microsomes, are examined in the presence of unlabeled 17-hydroxyprogesterone (at 20 μM) the oxidation of the 3-keto-4-ene steroid is inhibited by 92% while the oxidation of the 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroid is only inhibited by 20%. These results all suggest that there are at least two 21-hydroxylases in bovine adrenal tissue, one of which can utilize the 3-keto-4-ene steroids only, the other of which, in addition, can utilize the 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroids as substrates.
Structural and immunological studies of the Escherichia coli K7 (K56) capsular polysaccharide

Abstract The structure of the Escherichia coli K7 capsular polysaccharide has been investigated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. The structure of the repeating unit of the polymer was found to be →3)-β- d -ManNAcA-(1→4)-β- d -Glc-(1→; the O-6 atom of the d -glucosyl residue in the repeating unit is acetylated. The K7 polysaccharide is cross-reactive with the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 polysaccharide, the structure of which had previously been determined; our n.m.r. studies of the S. pneumoniae type 3 polysaccharide are in accord with this structure. The E. coli K7 and K56 capsular antigens have been shown by serology and 13 C-n.m.r. spectroscopy to be identical.
Rheological and mechanical properties of ternary blends of linear‐low‐density polyethylene/polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene block polymers

The effect of addition of an ethylene-propylene block polymer on rheological and mechanical properties of a linear-low-density polyethylene/polypropylene blend was examined. The samples were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder followed by injection molding. The single-, two- and three-component systems were treated the same way. The mechanical behavior of the blends was evaluated by means of tensile, and flexural, tests at 23 and −40°C. The capillary, elongational, and dynamic-flow measurements were performed at 190°C.
Coupled sensor/platform control design for low-level chemical detection with position-adaptive micro-UAVs

We discuss the development of Position-Adaptive Sensors [1] for purposes for detecting embedded chemical substances in challenging environments. This concept is a generalization of patented Position-Adaptive Radar Concepts developed at AFRL for challenging conditions such as urban environments. For purposes of investigating the detection of chemical substances using multiple MAV (Micro-UAV) platforms, we have designed and implemented an experimental testbed with sample structures such as wooden carts that contain controlled leakage points. Under this general concept, some of the members of a MAV swarm can serve as external position-adaptive "transmitters" by blowing air over the cart and some of the members of a MAV swarm can serve as external position-adaptive "receivers" that are equipped with chemical or biological (chem/bio) sensors that function as "electronic noses". The objective can be defined as improving the particle count of chem/bio concentrations that impinge on a MAV-based position-adaptive sensor that surrounds a chemical repository, such as a cart, via the development of intelligent position-adaptive control algorithms. The overall effect is to improve the detection and false-alarm statistics of the overall system. Within the major sections of this paper, we discuss a number of different aspects of developing our initial MAV-Based Sensor Testbed. This testbed includes blowers to simulate position-adaptive excitations and a MAV from Draganfly Innovations Inc. with stable design modifications to accommodate our chem/bio sensor boom design. We include details with respect to several critical phases of the development effort including development of the wireless sensor network and experimental apparatus, development of the stable sensor boom for the MAV, integration of chem/bio sensors and sensor node onto the MAV and boom, development of position-adaptive control algorithms and initial tests at IDCAST (Institute for the Development and Commercialization of Advanced Sensor Technologies), and autonomous positionadaptive chem/bio tests and demos in the MAV Lab at AFRL Air Vehicles Directorate. For this particular MAV implementation of chem/bio sensors, we selected miniature Methane, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Carbon Monoxide sensors. To safely simulate the behavior of chem/bio substances in our laboratory environment, we used either cigarette smoke or incense. We present a set of concise parametric results along with visual demonstration of our new position-adaptive sensor capability. Two types of experiments were conducted: with sensor nodes screening the chemical contaminant (cigarette smoke or incense) without MAVs, and with a sensor node integrated with the MAV. It was shown that the MOS-based chemical sensors could be used for chemical leakage detection, as well as for position-adaptive sensors on air/ground vehicles as sniffers for chemical contaminants.
Endoscopic treatment of calcific tendinitis of gluteus medius and minimus

Calcific tendinitis results from deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals in periarticular muscle attachments. Although involvement of tendons around the hip is not uncommon, gluteus medius and minimus tendons are rarely affected. We present endoscopic treatment of calcific tendonitis of gluteus medius and minimus and associated trochanteric bursitis in a patient with 2-year history of lateral hip pain. This is the first reported case treated using an endoscopic approach, which is effective and minimally invasive.
After a shutdown: a case study of a closed textile mill

Abstract The paper assesses the job-finding success and job qualities of workers displaced by the closing of a textile mill. Being male and years of service increase the odds of finding a job while age lowers them. Additional training reduces job search time as does being Black. The quality of the new job is directly related to more training, staying in textiles and is inversely related to having less than a high school education and taking longer to obtain employment. Wages are negatively affected by workers’ being older, longer job search and quite adversely affected by obtaining employment in retailing.
SUPERNOVA 1987A: CELEBRATING A SILVER JUBILEE

The story of the SN 1987A explosion is briefly reviewed. Although this supernova was somewhat peculiar, the study of SN 1987A has clarified quite a number of important aspects of the nature and the properties of supernovae, such as the confirmation of the core collapse of a massive star as the cause of the explosion, as well the confirmation that the decays 56Ni–56Co–56Fe at early times and 44Ti–44Sc at late times, are the main sources of the energy radiated by the ejecta. Still we have not been able to ascertain whether the progenitor was a single star or a binary system, nor have we been able to detect the stellar remnant, a neutron star that should be produced in the core collapse process.
Inconsistent electrocardiographic testing for syncope in United States emergency departments

The electrocardiogram has diagnostic and prognostic value in the evaluation of syncope, and consensus guidelines suggest routine electrocardiographic testing. An analysis of a nationally representative survey suggests that electrocardiographic testing is performed inconsistently in patients presenting with syncope to United States emergency departments, even in high-risk patients, such as the elderly and hospitalized. Variation in electrocardiographic testing represents an opportunity to improve the care of patients presenting with syncope to emergency departments.
Irreversible adsorption of chlorinated benzenes to natural sediments: implications for sediment quality criteria.

Desorption of many hydrophobic compounds from natural sediments has been observed to be biphasic, containing reversible and irreversible compartments. Therefore, it is necessary to reevaluate the currently adopted sediment quality criteria (SQCs) that are based on equilibrium partitioning models. In this study, the characteristics of irreversible adsorption were further studied with five chlorinated benzenes and four natural sediments. The five compounds differ significantly in K{sub ow} and solubility, and the four sediments cover a wide range of organic carbon content from 0.27 to 4.1%. With each chemical-sediment combination, a fixed maximum irreversible adsorption capacity, q{sub max}{sup irr}, was observed. The apparent organic carbon-based partition coefficient associated with this irreversible fraction is essentially constant for different chemical-sediment combinations, with K{sub oc}{sup irr} = 10{sup 5.42{+-}0.17}. The desorption data were modeled with a previously proposed irreversible adsorption-desorption model, in which a Langmuirian-type expression (representing the irreversible fraction) is added to a linear model. For the five chlorinated benzenes and Dickinson sediment, there is little correlation between q{sub max}{sup irr} and K{sub ow}. For 1,4-dichlorobenzene in different sediments, q{sub max}{sup irr} is proportional to soil organic carbon content. The potential impact of this model on sediment quality criteria is also discussed.
Model of the southeastern margin of the Mississippi Valley graben near Memphis, Tennessee, from interpretation of truck-magnetometer data

The geometry and magnetic properties of the southeastern margin of the Mississippi Valley graben ate studied by analyzing detailed magnetic-anomaly profiles that are based on measurements made along roads near Memphis, Tennessee. The closely spaced measurements were obtained with a truck-mounted magnetometer system developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Modeling results suggest that the graben margins represent both structural boundaries and conduits for ascending magma. About 2 km of vertical offset associated with normal faulting occurs within an interpreted 5.5-km-wide zone in which magnetic basement has an average dip of 20° NW into the graben. This zone may contain several large normal faults formed during a stage of rifting in late Precambrian or early Paleozoic time. Subsequent erosion of the scarps probably aided in forming the gentle northwestward slope of the buried Precambrian surface across the fault zone. The high apparent susceptibility (about 3 × 10 −3 emu) of magnetic basement associated with this fault zone and with the upblock suggests either that ascending magma intruded the upblock or that the two blocks differed lithologically prior to the formation of the graben.
Nitrogen pools in Georgia coastal waters

The amount of nitrogen present as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved organic nitrogen, and particulate nitrogen was determined for nearshore Georgia shelf waters and for tidal water inundating a 0.5 hectare dikedSpartina alterniflora salt marsh in the adjacent estuary. Concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite were comparatively low in offshore water (<2.2 μg-at N/1), and in high tide water in the marsh (<9.9 μg-at N/1). High concentrations of ammonia, up to 73.4 μg-at N/1, were measured in low tide water draining from marsh. The largest pools of nitrogen in offshore water and in high tide water in the marsh creek were dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) (2.5 to 20.4 μg-at N/1) and particulate nitrogen (PN) (0.1 to 30.0 μg-at N/1). Concentrations in marsh creek water at low tide were higher, ranging from 4.4 to 38.0 μg-at N/1 for DON and from 13.0 to 239.0 μg-at N/1 for PN. Comparisons of the average concentrations of dissolved and particulate forms of nitrogen in the marsh tidal creek during flood and during ebb tide suggested no net movement of the inorganic nitrogen nutrients, a net influx of PN to the marsh, and a net outflux of DON from the marsh.
Microstructure and dimensional changes of neutron-irradiated zirconium alloys

Abstract Experimental observations concerning the neutron-irradiation-induced defect structure in zirconium-based alloys are analyzed within the framework of an irradiation growth theory developed in the past years. The competition of those defects and the microstructure present in the material prior to irradiation as point defect sinks is studied as a function of irradiation temperature and dose. Owing to the different growth behavior of recrystallized and of cold-worked specimens at reactor temperatures, the cellular microstructure of the latter is considered in detail. In view of the highly anisotropic dislocation system in these materials, cell boundaries are reasoned to form with essentially edge components in the walls parallel to the c-axis, while the boundary segments normal to that axis should be of screw type. Since the latter would induce no dimensional change if the cell boundary absorbs defects by dislocation climb, it is argued — on the basis of growth data — that it must behave as a point defect sink/source of a different nature than that of free dislocations. The possibility of dislocation segments with a (c + a)-type Burgers vector in the cell boundary or rapid point defect diffusion along it are also discussed. The existing growth model is then enlarged in order to account quantitatively for the dimensional changes of cold-worked materials, and its results are compared with available experimental data.
Flight simulation software at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center

The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has developed a versatile simulation software package that is applicable to a broad range of fixed-wing aircraft. This package has evolved in support of a variety of flight research programs. The structure is designed to be flexible enough for use in batch-mode, real-time pilot-in-the-loop, and flight hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Current simulations operate on UNIX-based platforms and are coded with a FORTRAN shell and C support routines. This paper discusses the features of the simulation software design and some basic model development techniques. The key capabilities that have been included in the simulation are described. The NASA Dryden simulation software is in use at other NASA centers, within industry, and at several universities. The straightforward but flexible design of this well-validated package makes it especially useful in an engineering environment.
Parent–adolescent conflict interactions and adolescent alcohol use

Abstract Objective One important factor in adolescents' development of problem alcohol use is their family environment. Yet, the mechanisms that relate parenting to youth alcohol use are not well characterized. This study employed a naturalistic laboratory-based approach to observe parenting behaviors (support, structure, criticism) and adolescents' physiological and emotional responses to parent–adolescent interactions to examine associations with adolescent alcohol use. Method Fifty eight 10–16 year olds and their parents completed a 10 minute Parent Adolescent Interaction Task (PAIT) in which they discussed a mutually highly-rated conflict topic. Parental support, structure, and criticism were coded from the interaction. Adolescents' heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), reported emotions, and salivary cortisol were assessed before, during, and after the interaction. Results Findings indicated that lower parental structure and support were associated with youth's greater diastolic BP and anger arousal in response to the PAIT. Furthermore, higher HR, systolic BP, and cortisol responses to the interaction were associated with youth's alcohol use. Conclusions Findings suggest that heightened emotional and physiological responses to parent–adolescent conflict interactions in youth may be one pathway by which parenting is associated with adolescent alcohol use and risk for abuse.
DataSift: a crowd-powered search toolkit

Traditional search engines are unable to support a large number of potential queries issued by users, for instance, queries containing non-textual fragments such as images or videos, queries that are very long, ambiguous, or those that require subjective judgment, or semantically-rich queries over non-textual corpora. We demonstrate DataSift, a crowd-powered search toolkit that can be instrumented over any corpus supporting a keyword search API, and supports efficient and accurate querying for a rich general class of queries, including those described previously. Our demonstration will allow conference attendees to issue live queries for image, video, and product search, as well as "play back" the results of a wide variety of prior queries issued on DataSift. Attendees will also be able to perform a side-by-side comparison between DataSift and traditional retrieval schemes.
A computer model for the measurement of compliance using a dual tracer technique‘pa

Aims We aimed to determine whether simultaneous use of two tracer compounds with long and differing elimination half-lives may permit more precise recognition of percent compliance and discrimination among remote, intermediate, and recent patterns of daily dosing. Methods We have derived, through computer modelling, the potential utility of digitoxin and phenobarbitone as simultaneous tracers. From kinetic data on these reliably measured compounds with long half-lives we defined the percentage error below which this pair of tracers can be expected to discern the precise, and the approximate, pattern and number of daily doses taken over a month. Results The longer the half-lives of the tracers the greater the sensitivity of our model to percentage compliance. At extremely long half-lives, relative to the period of dosing being monitored, sensitivity approaches 100% if measurement error is in the 1–2% range. The ratio of the half-lives between the two tracers that is optimal for detection of percentage compliance is 0.2 to 0.8. The detection of pattern does not depend importantly either on the tracer half-lives or on their ratio to each other. The greater the percentage compliance, the more accurately our two-tracer model determines the pattern of dosing. Conclusions Precise characterization of compliance using tracers must probably await the development of compounds with half-lives measured in weeks or months. The probability of compliance of a given degree can be derived from our two-tracer technique with best-fit analysis such as we describe.
SARA: a self-adaptive and resource-aware approach towards secure wireless ad hoc and sensor networks

Providing security is essential for mission critical Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks (WAHSN) applications. Often a highly secure mechanism inevitably consumes a rather large amount of system resources, which in turn may unintentionally cause a Security Service Denial of Service (SSDoS) attack. This paper proposes a self-adaptive resource-aware (SARA) security provisioning approach for WAHSNs. For resource scarce WAHSNs, SARA strives to provide the optimal tradeoff between the sufficient security (which is reflected by the Security Index (SI)) and the acceptable network performance degradation (which is reflected by the Performance Index (PI)). With the support of the offline optimal secure protocol selection module and the online self-adaptive security control module, SARA is capable of employing different combinations of secure protocol sets to satisfy different security need at different condition for different applications. To determine the security index SI of a secure protocol set, a heuristic cross-layer security-service mapping mechanism is presented. Furthermore, we evaluate performance index PI of a secure protocol set via simulation followed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Consequently, the proposed self-adaptive security provisioning based on both SI and PI achieves the maximum overall network security services and network performance services, without causing the SSDoS attack. Furthermore, this self-adaptive mechanism is capable of switching from one secure protocol set to another while keeping similar level of security and performance, it thus provides additional security by security service hopping .© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Elevation of ridges and evolution of the central Eastern Pacific.

An empirical relationship between ridge elevation and age of the oceanic crust is presented for the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. This relationship is accounted for by the thermal contraction of a cooling lithosphere as it moves away from a center of spreading, and thus is compatible with plate theory. Hence, it is possible to use topographic profiles to predict the age of the ocean floor. Detailed examination of profiles in different areas indicates that slow-spreading ridges (half-rate 3 cm/yr). However, all ridges appear to show a uniform subsidence rate near the ridge crest. This uniform rate makes it possible to use topographic profiles in regions of smooth topography to predict the age of oceanic crust, less than 40 m.y. old, to better than ±2 m.y. Topographic profiles will be particularly useful for predicting age where magnetic anomaly patterns are absent or difficult to interpret. Magnetic, topographic, seismic reflection, twenty-nine new, and all other heat-flow observations across the east Pacific rise and Mathematician and Clipperton seamount chains in the central eastern Pacific are examined. The magnetic and heat-flow observations are too inconclusive to enable a tectonic reconstruction of the area. However, topographic profiles at right angles to the rise between 20°N and the equator show that the Mathematician and Clipperton seamount chains are the old crest of the east Pacific rise. These parts of the rise crest terminated approximately 5 m.y. B.P. by the spreading center jumping 4° to the east. Seismic reflection profiles at right angles to the crest support this conclusion. The topography west of these two chains is used as the basis for a proposed evolution of the central eastern Pacific during the past 20 m.y.