cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Update on Reticulocyte Counting

Reticulocyte counts are expressed either as a proportion, as has been the practice for microscopic reticulocyte counts, or, preferably, in absolute terms, which are less ambiguous for clinical interpretation. The precision of reticulocyte counting has improved remarkably since the introduction of hematology analyzers and flow cytometers. In addition to reticulocyte counting, some instruments can be used to estimate the immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF). The IRF is useful in determining bone marrow function and response to treatment. Commercially prepared quality control materials are available for both instrumental and microscopic methods, and are used on a schedule similar to that for hematology controls. Control limits for the several reticulocyte counters are based on multiple analyses with the particular instrument. The assignment of control means and limits for the microscopic method is based on the new methylene blue method; however, certain common errors must be averted to obtain accurate reticulocyte counts on a continuing basis.
Symmetric surgery and boundary link maps

In order to seperate 3-dimensional linking and knotting phenomena, John Milnor introduced the notion of a link homotopy [14]. He allowed selfintersections but did not allow different components to cross during a link homotopy. It is clear that any knot is link homotopically trivial but one of the most surprising and unintuitive (see the left hand side of Fig. 1) results of Milnor was that arbitrarily many parallel copies of a knot form a homotopically trivial link. In fact, one knows that any boundary link has vanishing μ-invariants and thus it is homotopically trivial by the main result of Milnor. By definition, in a boundary link the components bound disjointly embedded Seifert surfaces. For example, any knot has a Seifert surface and is thus a boundary link. Similarly, parallel copies of a knot bound (disjoint) parallel copies of this Seifert surface. The notion of a link homotopy makes clearly sense for links in any dimension. In fact, the correct category to work in seems to be the following: A link map is a continuous map such that connected components in the source are mapped disjointly into the target. A link homotopy between two link maps is then an ordinary homotopy through link maps. In this context, a boundary link map L : qi Mi → N is a link map which is the boundary of a link map qi Wi → N of oriented manifolds Wi, the “Seifert surfaces” for L.
Computerized Triggers of Big Data to Detect Delays in Follow-up of Chest Imaging Results.

Background A “trigger” algorithm was used to identify delays in follow-up of abnormal chest imaging results in a large national clinical data warehouse of electronic health record (EHR) data. Methods We applied a trigger in a repository hosting EHR data from all Department of Veterans Affairs health-care facilities and analyzed data from seven facilities. Using literature reviews and expert input, we refined previously developed trigger criteria designed to identify patients potentially experiencing delays in diagnostic evaluation of chest imaging flagged as “suspicious for malignancy.” The trigger then excluded patients in whom further evaluation was unnecessary (eg, those with terminal illnesses or with already completed biopsies). The criteria were programmed into a computerized algorithm. Reviewers examined a random sample of trigger-positive (ie, patients with trigger-identified delay) and trigger-negative (ie, patients with an abnormal imaging result but no delay) records and confirmed the presence or absence of delay or need for additional tracking (eg, repeat imaging in 6 months). Analysis included calculating the trigger’s diagnostic performance (ie, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity). Results On application to 208,633 patients seen between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, a total of 40,218 chest imaging tests were performed; 1,847 of the results were suspicious for malignancy, and 655 (35%) were trigger-positive. Review of 400 randomly selected trigger-positive patients found 158 (40%) with confirmed delays and 84 (21%) requiring additional tracking (positive predictive value, 61% [95% CI, 55.5-65.3]). Review of 100 trigger-negative patients identified 97 without delay (negative predictive value, 97%; [95% CI, 90.8-99.2]). Sensitivity and specificity were 99% (95% CI, 96.2-99.7) and 38% (95% CI, 32.1-44.3), respectively. Conclusions Application of triggers on “big” EHR data may aid in identifying patients experiencing delays in diagnostic evaluation of chest imaging results suspicious for malignancy.
Zeeman Splitting of Ferromagnetic GaMnAs on InP Observed by Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Reflection Mode

Systematic investigations of Ga1−xMnxAs grown on InP with different Mn concentrations have been conducted using magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in reflection mode. The MCD spectrum of Ga0.97Mn0.03As/InP was decomposed into two dispersion curves originating from E1 and E1 + Δ1 optical transitions using the energy derivative of a Gaussian function. The Zeeman splitting energy E1 at the L critical point (0.6 meV) of ferromagnetic Ga0.97Mn0.03As/InP was estimated using a rigid band shift model. Based on the relationship between E1 and E0 (Γ critical point) observed in Cd1−xMnxTe dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS), the Zeeman splitting energy E1 (9.6 meV) of ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs/InP was calculated. In addition, it was established that the peaks in the MCD spectra at L critical points shift toward the lower energy side as the Mn concentration is increased, and the observed shift saturates for Mn content of x = 0.001. Furthermore, the measured absorption spectra for Ga1−xMnxAs/InP did not show noticeable peak shifts with increasing Mn content. This suggests that the s, p–d exchange interaction induced in Ga1−xMnxAs/InP has localized nature due to the presence of a Mn rigid sphere of influence.
Mobile Phone Satisfaction: An Examination of Antecedents and Consequences

As individuals are increasingly upgrading to smartphones to use both software applications and the Internet, it is important to study factors that impact their satisfaction with these devices. Various smartphone options are currently available to consumers, making these devices a commodity just like many other consumer products. As smartphones become commoditized, mobile phone applications (MPAs) play an integral role for their diffusion and successful competition in today’s highly competitive market (Yoo et al. 2010). With the ubiquity of MPAs, questions such as how apps may affect consumers’ experiences and satisfaction with mobile phones (MPs) and consequently, influence consumers’ purchase decisions regarding MPs and mobile phone service providers (MPSPs) become increasingly important. Consumers’ overall experience with their mobile phone (as a result of MP, MPSP, and MPA) can create enjoyment that leads to MP satisfaction. This is consistent with the uses and gratification theory (Lin 1996) arguing that if product/service consumption experience is positive and pleasant, it would lead to increased customer satisfaction. We extend existing research on MP satisfaction and purchase behavior by developing a framework to investigate relationships between MP, MPSP, and MPA experiences, MP satisfaction, and WOM behaviors.
Sterol synthesis in cultured human renal cell cancer.

Abstract Studies on sterol synthesis in cultured human renal cell carcinoma were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which clear cell tumors accumulate cholesterol in the cytoplasm. Cultured renal cell carcinoma requires serum lipoproteins for optimal growth. In some renal cell carcinomas cellular cholesterol content was significantly higher than that present in cultured kidney cells under similar conditions. Renal cell carcinoma synthesizes sterols from labeled acetate. The rate of sterol synthesis is inversely proportional to the levels of exogenous cholesterol in the growth medium, suggesting the presence of a negative feedback mechanism. In addition, the conversion of 27-carbon-atom sterol precursors to cholesterol appears to be slow and inefficient under the present conditions. We conclude that an aberrant regulation of cholesterol synthesis cannot be invoked necessarily to explain cholesterol accumulation in renal cell carcinoma
Identification of dominant source of errors in developing streamflow and groundwater projections under near‐term climate change

Uncertainties in projecting the changes in hydroclimatic variables (i.e., temperature and precipitation) under climate change partly arises from the inability of global circulation models (GCMs) in explaining the observed changes in hydrologic variables. Apart from the unexplained changes by GCMs, the process of customizing GCM projections to watershed scale through a model chain—spatial downscaling, temporal disaggregation, and hydrologic model—also introduces errors, thereby limiting the ability to explain the observed changes in hydrologic variability. Toward this, we first propose metrics for quantifying the errors arising from different steps in the model chain in explaining the observed changes in hydrologic variables (streamflow and groundwater). The proposed metrics are then evaluated using a detailed retrospective analyses in projecting the changes in streamflow and groundwater attributes in four target basins that span across a diverse hydroclimatic regimes over the U.S. Sunbelt. Our analyses focused on quantifying the dominant sources of errors in projecting the changes in eight hydrologic variables—mean and variability of seasonal streamflow, mean and variability of 3 day peak seasonal streamflow, mean and variability of 7 day low seasonal streamflow, and mean and standard deviation of groundwater depth—over four target basins using an Penn state Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM) between the period 1956–1980 and 1981–2005. Retrospective analyses show that small/humid (large/arid) basins show increased (reduced) uncertainty in projecting the changes in hydrologic attributes. Further, changes in error due to GCMs primarily account for the unexplained changes in mean and variability of seasonal streamflow. On the other hand, the changes in error due to temporal disaggregation and hydrologic model account for the inability to explain the observed changes in mean and variability of seasonal extremes. Thus, the proposed metrics provide insights on how the error in explaining the observed changes being propagated through the model under different hydroclimatic regimes.
“Perceived Seller Loyalty” for “Customer Loyalty”, Does “Tat for Tat” Work Like “Tit for Tat”?

The norm of reciprocity or repayment in kind, is arguably one of the most prevalent social rules that governs and keeps the balance of the social relations for a long time. At the individual level, it confirms the need to reciprocate, promotes the predictability, and boosts the expectations. Given the importance of customer loyalty to the company, researchers have been trying to identify the antecedents of this construct. Loyalty, by nature, is to be reciprocated between two parties (Solomon 1992). And by reciprocating, the two parties are expected to exchange things of equivalent value, i.e., either “tit for tat”, or “tat for tat”. It is difficult to maintain the relationship, in which the loyalties are asymmetrically exchanged between parties. Yet none of the prior research in B2C identifies “seller loyalty” as an antecedent of customer loyalty. Based on the very simple social exchange rule, the norm of reciprocity, a few simple questions are raised in this study. The first one is, whether the perceived seller loyalty is a potential antecedent of the customer loyalty? Second, what constitutes the seller loyalty from the perspective of the customer? And the purpose of this study is to answer these questions.
The Recovery Box: Using Fast Recovery to Provide High Availability in the UNIX Environment

As organizations with high system availability requirements move to UNIX, the elimination of down-time in the UNIX environment becomes a more important issue. Designing for fast recovery, rather than crash prevention, can provide low-cost highlyavailable systems without sacrificing performance or simplicity. In Sprite, a UNIX-like distributed operating system, we accomplish this fast recovery in part through the use of a recovery box: a stable area of memory in which the system stores carefully selected pieces of system state, and from which the system can be regenerated quickly. Error detection using checksums allows the system to revert to its traditional reboot sequence if the recovery box data is corrupted during system failure. Recent statistics about the types and frequencies of operating system failures indicate that fast recovery using the recovery box will be possible most of the time. Using our recovery box implementation, a Sprite file server recovers in 26 seconds and a database manager with ten remote client processes recovers in six seconds ‐ fast enough that many users and applications will not care that the system crashed.
The Way it was in 1980

History is a continuum, but it contains nodal points — periods of outstanding and lasting significance. The years 1979–81 brought political changes that were to have substantial impacts on economic policies and developments in many countries and would begin to transform the world economy. This narrative therefore begins with the opening of a new decade — the 1980s — one that was to contrast starkly with the 1970s. In this chapter a wide-angled snapshot view is presented of how the three segments of the world economy looked in 1980.
The dyadic construction of romantic conflict recovery sabotage

This longitudinal study of 100 couples assessed individual and dyadic processes associated with romantic conflict recovery, or how couples behave in the moments following conflict. Couples completed measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance; a conflict discussion during which affect, behavior, and conflict resolution were coded; a cool-down discussion during which post-conflict behavior was coded; and measures of relationship satisfaction and stability one year later. Recovery sabotage (negative behavior and perseveration on conflict in the moments following conflict) was associated with high attachment anxiety and low avoidance. Recovery sabotage was unrelated to affect expressed during conflict and was instead tied to whether partners aired or suppressed grievances. Consistent with the demand-withdraw conflict pattern, recovery sabotage was associated with lower actor conflict avoidance but higher partner conflict avoidance. These effects were independent of conflict resolution, which was not significantly associated with recovery sabotage when other features of conflict were controlled. Recovery sabotage and conflict resolution also differentially predicted satisfaction and stability one year later. Findings suggest recovery sabotage is a distinct, developmentally organized relationship process tied to attachment history and behavioral, rather than affective, transactions between partners during conflict.
Morphology of Congenital Cataracts

Diagnosis and management of congenital cataracts can be aided by an understanding of cataract morphology and presentation. Smaller opacities may be visually insignificant, and require only serial monitoring, while total opacities may require urgent surgical removal. The appearance and location of the cataract within the lens may provide a clue to the presence of systemic disease or metabolic disorder. A primary decision-making point involves the laterality of lens pathology. In general, unilateral cataracts are idiopathic and will not require systemic work-up. Bilateral cataracts are generally thought to be caused by genetic, metabolic or infectious etiologies; however, idiopathic cases are quite common [1]. Bilateral cataracts without a known pedigree of genetic inheritance require systemic evaluation.
Risk of Mortality after Status Epilepticus

Researchers at University College and Great Ormond Street Hospital, and other members of the North London Epilepsy Research Network investigated the mortality within 8 years following an episode of childhood convulsive status epilepticus and its predictors in a prospective, population-based study from north London, UK.
Quantized charging and electrical excitation of site-controlled III-nitride quantum dots

We demonstrate quantized charging in site-controlled III-nitride quantum dot, allowing single-spin physics and research in III-nitrides. We also fulfill two critical requirements for practical quantum systems — electrical pumping and site-control — in a high-temperature material.
30-day mortality of surgeries in disseminated cancer patients: An analysis using NSQIP, dividing surgeries into low, medium, and high risk.

e16554 Background: This study is the first comprehensive analysis of surgical outcomes in disseminated cancer patients. Methods: We analyzed the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical...
Short FtsZ filaments can drive asymmetric cell envelope constriction at the onset of bacterial cytokinesis

FtsZ, the bacterial homologue of eukaryotic tubulin, plays a central role in cell division in nearly all bacteria and many archaea. It forms filaments under the cytoplasmic membrane at the division site where, together with other proteins it recruits, it drives peptidoglycan synthesis and constricts the cell. Despite extensive study, the arrangement of FtsZ filaments and their role in division continue to be debated. Here, we apply electron cryotomography to image the native structure of intact dividing cells and show that constriction in a variety of Gram‐negative bacterial cells, including Proteus mirabilis and Caulobacter crescentus, initiates asymmetrically, accompanied by asymmetric peptidoglycan incorporation and short FtsZ‐like filament formation. These results show that a complete ring of FtsZ is not required for constriction and lead us to propose a model for FtsZ‐driven division in which short dynamic FtsZ filaments can drive initial peptidoglycan synthesis and envelope constriction at the onset of cytokinesis, later increasing in length and number to encircle the division plane and complete constriction.
Does your child's weight influence how you judge yourself as a parent? A cross-sectional study to define and examine parental overvaluation of weight/shape

Parents are integral stakeholders in children's health and development, and yet there is a dearth of research on parental attitudes and parents' personal weight and eating psychopathology, which have the potential to influence pediatric obesity and eating disorder treatments meaningfully. Overvaluation of weight/shape is a core concept in eating-disorder assessment and treatment defined as self-evaluation excessively based on weight/shape, which research has demonstrated to be clinically important psychopathology. A novel and related concept, parental overvaluation of weight/shape, could be defined as parents' self-evaluation unduly based on their child's weight/shape, yet this concept has not been studied and its clinical importance is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the distinctiveness of parental overvaluation of weight/shape from personal overvaluation of weight/shape, and to examine associations of parental overvaluation with parents' psychopathology and children's weight and eating behaviors. The current study examined differences among parents with (n=134) and without (n=872) parental overvaluation using a cross-sectional design. Parental overvaluation was more common among parents with binge-eating disorder and bulimia than obesity and healthy-weight. Parental overvaluation was modestly associated with personal overvaluation. Parents with and without parental overvaluation differed on personal eating-disorder psychopathology and children's weight and eating behaviors. Importantly, differences remained after adjusting for personal overvaluation and child BMI. This study highlights a novel construct-parental overvaluation-associated with, but distinct from, parental eating disorders and personal overvaluation. Parental overvaluation may warrant clinical attention among parents seeking pediatric obesity or eating-disorder treatment, or treatment for personal eating disorders.
Liquidity Preference is the Second (Missing) Factor in Keynes's Chapter 13 'The General Theory of the Rate of Interest'. The First Factor Was the MEC Schedule for Investment Combined with Consumption Out of Income, Which Determined Savings

Nowhere in chapter 13 of the General Theory does Keynes state that his initial, introductory, Liquidity Preference equation determine the rate of interest. He states that there are two factors that determine the rate of interest. Unfortunately, the neoclassical theory of the rate of interest is based only on one of the two factors. It is therefore necessary to discuss the second factor in detail. This is done in chapter 15. Chapter 13 is thus an introductory chapter that introduces the concept of Liquidity preference. Unfortunately, economists, such as Millikan, Viner, and Hansen, ignored Keynes’s ten pages of analysis and took the L=M(r) equation on page 168 completely out of context, even though Keynes explicitly introduced Y, national (aggregate) income, where Y=C I, so that I=S, as a reason why decision makers would hold money balances on pp.170-171 of the GT. Keynes’s introductory analysis of the rate of interest was thus reduced to a one liner –L=M(r) - by the vast majority of economists. Current views of Keynes’s contributions in the GT amount to a jumble of conflicting stories, tall tales, myths, fables, fairy tales, claims and concoctions that have been passed down from the 1930’s. For instance, one fable is that there could never be any IS-LP(LM) model in the GT because Keynes was a partial equilibrium, Marshallian, anti formalist, methodologist who would never, ever, use a formal set of simultaneous, mathematical, equations in any analysis because this would be a Walrasian, general equilibrium approach which Keynes had condemned. The vast majority of these fables are related to phony claims that were spread by Joan Robinson, who, supposedly, knew what Keynes was doing because she was a close collaborator who worked with Keynes in the writing of the GT. Actually, Joan Robinson never knew what Keynes was doing because she was mathematical illiterate. She never collaborated with or worked with him on the writing of the GT. A careful reading of her 1953 contribution, “A Lecture Delivered at Oxford by A Cambridge Economist”, provides all the evidence one needs to support the conclusion that she had no idea about the nature of Keynes’s GT contribution. She was a draft reader who completely overlooked the clearly specified four equation, formal, simultaneous, mathematical, IS-LP(LM) model in the 1934 draft copy of the GT. If she had been able to follow this analysis, then she would have realized that Keynes’s GT is based directly on the IS-LP(LM) model with uncertainty integrated as a shift parameter in chapter 21 in Sections IV, V and VI of the GT. The IS-LP(LM) model, supported by the microeconomic, optimizing, expectations D-Z model of chapter 20, is the central contribution of Keynes’s GT.
Hepatic triacylglycerol synthesis during a period of fatty liver development in sheep.

Fatty liver was induced in six sheep by fasting and treatment with phloridzin and epinephrine. Treatment was associated with a rise in the concentration in serum and hepatic uptake of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) compared with pretreatment (P less than .01). At 24 h after the start of the treatment, concentrations of serum lipoprotein in each density class were not different from baseline, but all were elevated (P less than .01) by 120 h of treatment. Hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) concentration increased (P less than .01) 17-fold within the first 48 h of treatment, with no additional increase during the remaining 72 h. The activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) in hepatic microsomes increased (P less than .01) fourfold over baseline by 48 h of treatment, then declined slightly by 120 h. The activities of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and glycerolphosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) in hepatic microsomes increased during treatment but appeared to follow a slightly different pattern from that of PAP. Activity of GPAT was not above baseline at 48 h, but was at 120 h (P less than .05); DGAT activity was increased (P less than .05) twofold at 48 h, with an apparent continued increase (P less than .01) to threefold over baseline by 120 h of treatment. Fatty liver appeared to develop during a period of rapid hepatic uptake of NEFA without a corresponding increase in serum lipoprotein concentrations. The activities of PAP, GPAT and DGAT, putative regulators of TG synthesis rate, all increased in liver microsomes during a period of high hepatic NEFA uptake, but that of PAP appeared to coincide most closely with the development of fatty liver.
Crystal structure of tetra-kis-(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa-fluoro-acetyl-acetonato)hafnium(IV).

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Hf(C5HF6O2)4], has been determined. The asymmetric unit contains two Hf(hfac)4 mol­ecules (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexa­fluoro­acetyl­acetonate); both are located on general positions and have identical structures apart from the disorder involving three CF3 groups in one of the two mol­ecules. The mol­ecules of Hf(hfac)4 are arranged in layers that are parallel to the ab plane, and the coordination geometry of each hafnium(IV) center is a distorted square anti­prism. An inter­esting aspect of the structure is that the hfac ligands are arranged so that the Hf(hfac)4 mol­ecules have idealized 2 point symmetry, in which two of the hfac groups bridge between the two squares. Although all other M(β-diketonate)4 compounds of Hf (and Zr) also have square-anti­prismatic geometries; in almost all of them the ligands are arranged so that the mol­ecules have 222 point symmetry (in which none of the hfac ligands bridges between the two squares). The factors that favor one structure over another are not clear.
Rationale and Design of EMPOWER, a Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Automated Hovering in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure.

Background: Congestive heart failure is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and cost. Disease management programs have shown promise but lack firm evidence of effectiveness and scalability. We d...
Life cycle assessment of the production of gasoline and diesel from forest residues using integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion

Renewable gasoline and diesel can be produced through integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion (IH2) using renewable feedstocks such as woody biomass from logging residues. This study assesses the potential environmental impacts of IH2 process fuels manufactured in Ontonagon, Michigan, to determine their environmental impacts and if these manufactured fuels will meet Renewable Fuel Standards (RFS) requirements. The energy return on investment (EROI) is also calculated for comparison to other renewable fuels. A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was conducted using regional forestry, timber harvest, and transportation data from the region. Regional geographic data was used to determine service areas that may provide woody biomass. The service areas were then developed into inventory data based upon the type and distribution of potential woody biomass feedstocks. Survey data from loggers in the region were used to ensure that harvest types were allocated in accordance with regional activity. Remaining inventory items were derived from existing data in the literature or existing life cycle inventory databases. This study uses a functional unit of one megajoule of gasoline or diesel produced using the IH2 process and assessed several environmental indicators as well as EROI. Fuels produced generate approximately 88% less greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to petroleum fuels given RFS assumptions. Manufacturing and transportation of feedstocks accounts for 92.19% of energy used in production giving a calculated EROI of 4.19 and 4.31 per kilogram of diesel and gasoline, respectively. Pessimistic estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) loss result in GHG emissions that are approximately 83% lower. If a 1:0.5 displacement ratio of IH2 fuels is considered, the GHG emissions are about 76% lower without SOC loss and 66% lower with. This study demonstrates that while environmental impacts and EROI are sensitive to site selection and SOC estimates, there is a sufficient GHG emission reduction such that IH2 fuels are capable of meeting regulatory requirements. Fuels produced at the facility result in a reduction in GHG emissions, but better site selection may result in less fuel being used in transportation. Reducing the quantity of electricity needed in n-th–generation facilities would also reduce environmental impacts while improving the EROI. The energy mix used to supply IH2 facilities should also be considered during the planning process. Finally, future research may be needed to ensure feedstocks recovered from logging operations match expectations.
Der Computer als Werkzeug des Managers

Haben Sie sich nicht schon einmal wahrend einer Konzertauffuhrung, die nicht Ihre ganze Aufmerksamkeit zu fesseln vermochte, nach der Funktion des Dirigenten gefragt, der mit theatralischen Gesten das Orchester zu beschworen schien, wahrend man sich des Eindruckes nicht erwehren konnte, das nur gelegentlich der eine oder andere Musiker ihn eines kurzen Blickes wurdigte? Ist der Dirigent blos formeller Reprasentant des Orchesters, der das Zeichen zum Beginn der Auffuhrung gibt und nach deren Ende den Dank oder auch manchmal den Unwillen des Publikums entgegenzunehmen hat? Konnten die Musiker nicht ebensogut ohne ihn spielen, wo doch Melodie und Tempo von der Partitur bereits vorgeschrieben sind? Wenn Sie auch nur einmal eine Orchesterprobe miterlebt haben, werden Sie die beiden letzten Fragen verneinen, ja sogar als absurd ansehen, denn trotz der genauen Vorschriften, die eine Partitur zu geben vermag, bleibt dem Dirigenten ein breiter Raum von Moglichkeiten zur Realisierung seiner individuellen Auffassung von dem betreffenden Werk.
Preparing for Gastric Bypass

Bariatric surgery is a commonly performed surgical procedure for control of morbid obesity. Its use has continued to grow with a total of 196,000 bariatric surgery procedures performed in 2015, a significant increase from 158,000 in 2011 [1]. Gastric bypass, including Roux-en-Y and duodenal switch, are some of the most common forms of bariatric surgery. To optimize weight loss after bypass, patients should undergo careful selection, teaching, biochemical testing, psychiatric evaluation, nutritional assessment, and diet changes.
Confidentiality and Client Communications in Illinois

Some 30 years ago, the Illinois Supreme Court, in In re Himmel, 125 Ill. 2d 831 (1988), recognized that no discovery/evidentiary privilege would attach to nonconfidential attorney-client communications. Communications generally would be nonconfidential if made in the presence of those who were not “agents” of either the attorney or the client. In Himmel, neither the client’s mother nor her fiance were deemed the client’s agents so that there was no privilege. In so ruling, the court failed to describe in detail the substantive circumstances of client agency or the procedures necessary for establishing such agency. Since then, the Illinois Supreme Court and lower Illinois courts have provided little further guidance. The December 2018 Colorado Supreme Court decision in Fox v. Alfini, 2018 CO 94, demonstrates the need for clearer guidance in Illinois. There, the court surveyed varying possible approaches to both the substantive and the procedural elements underlying privileged attorney-client communications. That decision is reviewed, together with some thoughts on clarifying Illinois law. The Colorado ruling demonstrates several pitfalls for attorneys who assume that a privilege follows whenever client communications are preceded simply by promises to maintain confidences.
Disabled upon arrival: Eugenics, immigration, and the construction of race and disability, by Jay Timothy Dolmage: Columbus, OH, The Ohio University, 2018, 190 pp., $24.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-8142-5467-7

Rhetoric surrounding immigration has been used throughout the course of North American history to justify policy aims and to create boundaries around what is considered normal and acceptable. This ...
Extremity anomalies associated with Robinow syndrome

Robinow syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by skeletal dysplasia with, among other anomalies, extremity and hand anomalies. There is locus heterogeneity and both dominant and recessive inheritance. A detailed description of associated extremity and hand anomalies does not currently exist due to the rarity of this syndrome. This study seeks to document the hand anomalies present in Robinow syndrome to allow for improved rates of timely and accurate diagnosis. A focused assessment of the extremities and stature was performed using clinical examination and standard photographic images. A total of 13 patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis consistent with dominant Robinow syndrome or recessive Robinow syndrome were evaluated. All patients had limb shortening, the most common of which was mesomelia; however, rhizomelia and micromelia were also seen. These findings are relevant to clinical characterization, particularly as Robinow syndrome has classically been defined as a "mesomelic disorder." A total of eight distinct hand anomalies were identified in 12 patients with both autosomal recessive and dominant forms of Robinow syndrome. One patient did not present with any hand differences. The most common hand findings included brachydactyly, broad thumbs, and clinodactyly. A thorough understanding of the breadth of Robinow syndrome-associated extremity and hand anomalies can aid in early patient identification, improving rates of timely diagnosis and allowing for proactive management of sequelae.
Pathways from health beliefs to treatment utilization for severe depression.

Background Untreated depression is associated with negative behavioral, psychosocial, and physical outcomes leading to socioeconomic costs, disability, and premature mortality. Research has not yet fully developed intervention models to increase the utilization of mental health treatments. The objective of the current study was to characterize the pathways linking health beliefs to treatment utilization among depressed young adults. Methods Data were collected in 2017 from 53,760 college students at 54 universities in the United States. Among the respondents, 5,343 screened positive for moderately severe to severe depression. Becker's Health Belief Model (HBM) was the guiding theoretical paradigm. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to elucidate treatment-seeking behavior based on health beliefs (perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, and cues-to-action) while controlling for relevant sociodemographic covariates. Results Depression treatment utilization was significantly associated with all domains of the HBM. SEM parameter estimates indicated that higher levels of perceived severity, self-efficacy, and cues-to-action were associated with greater depression treatment utilization, whereas perceived benefits and perceived barriers were associated with lower depression treatment utilization. Conclusions The HBM may be useful to predict the frequency of seeking treatment by individuals for depression. However, individualized intervention strategies targeting different aspects of the HBM are needed to promote help-seeking behaviors in young adults with depression.
Leonardo da Vinci: the Lady with an Ermine enigma.

“Lady with an Ermine” (1489–1490) is an oil on walnut portrait by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. The portrait’s subject is Cecilia Gallerani, the favorite mistress of Ludovico Sforza, known as “il Moro”, Duke of Milan. It was painted around the time of Cecilia’s pregnancy with Ludovico’s illegitimate son. Leonardo’s paintings are famous for hiding mysteries; thus, the truth about the “Lady with an Ermine” is still unclear. However, the solution to this enigma could be more evident than expected. Our hypothesis is that Cecilia might have suffered from pregnancy-induced Cushing syndrome.
The Comovement of Investor Attention

Prior literature has documented that investor attention and constraints on that attention are associated with the pricing of stocks. We introduce the concept of attention comovement, which is the e...
Production of bio-xylitol from d -xylose by an engineered Pichia pastoris expressing a recombinant xylose reductase did not require any auxiliary substrate as electron donor

Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol that has numerous beneficial health properties. It has almost the same sweetness as sucrose but has lower energy value compared to the sucrose. Metabolism of xylitol is insulin independent and thus it is an ideal sweetener for diabetics. It is widely used in food products, oral and personal care, and animal nutrition as well. Here we present a two-stage strategy to produce bio-xylitol from d-xylose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris expressing a heterologous xylose reductase gene. The recombinant P. pastoris cells were first generated by a low-cost, standard procedure. The cells were then used as a catalyst to make the bio-xylitol from d-xylose. Pichia pastoris expressing XYL1 from P. stipitis and gdh from B. subtilis demonstrated that the biotransformation was very efficient with as high as 80% (w/w) conversion within two hours. The whole cells could be re-used for multiple rounds of catalysis without loss of activity. Also, the cells could directly transform d-xylose in a non-detoxified hemicelluloses hydrolysate to xylitol at 70% (w/w) yield. We demonstrated here that the recombinant P. pastoris expressing xylose reductase could transform d-xylose, either in pure form or in crude hemicelluloses hydrolysate, to bio-xylitol very efficiently. This biocatalytic reaction happened without the external addition of any NAD(P)H, NAD(P)+, and auxiliary substrate as an electron donor. Our experimental design & findings reported here are not limited to the conversion of d-xylose to xylitol only but can be used with other many oxidoreductase reactions also, such as ketone reductases/alcohol dehydrogenases and amino acid dehydrogenases, which are widely used for the synthesis of high-value chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Nix Pro Color Sensor provides comparable color measurements to HunterLab colorimeter for fresh beef

The HunterLab MiniScan (HunterLab) colorimeter is used in meat quality research worldwide for measuring meat color; however, the Nix Pro Color Sensor (Nix) could be a less expensive alternative that is easier to operate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the two colorimeters to objectively evaluate fresh beef color. Longissimus thoracis muscle from one side of A maturity beef carcasses (n = 200) was evaluated using both the HunterLab (3 technical replicate scans) and Nix (3, 5, 7, and 9 technical replicate scans) colorimeters. The correlation between the HunterLab and Nix for L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) values ranged between r = 0.80 to 0.85 and the Bland Altman Limits of Agreement analysis indicated good agreement between the Nix and HunterLab colorimeters for all the color parameters. These results indicated that the Nix colorimeter could be a viable alternative for HunterLab colorimeters.
Medical Management of Acute Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults

Acute rhinosinusitis is a commonly seen disease that is frequently diagnosed based on clinical symptomatology without any objective evidence. The most common form of treatment is antibiotics, even though many cases may not have a bacterial etiology. The most common bacterial organisms in childhood sinusitis belong to the group that cause many childhood upper respiratory and lower respiratory infections and include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Besides antibiotics, other treatments are aimed at assisting with drainage, and this can be accomplished by reducing the inflammation and edema that prevents venting of the sinus structures. These medications can include antihistamines, decongestants, intranasal steroids, nasal saline irrigation, and, in some countries, mucolytics. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques including Chinese herbal medications are often used, but there is little scientific evidence to support their use. The use of immunotherapy has not been found to be effective in the management of acute rhinosinusitis in children or adults.
Tumour and patient factors in renal cell carcinoma—towards personalized therapy

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises a heterogeneous group of histologically and molecularly distinct tumour subtypes. Current targeted therapies have improved survival in patients with advanced disease but complete response occurs rarely, if at all. The genomic characterization of RCC is central to the development of novel targeted therapies. Large-scale studies employing multiple 'omics' platforms have led to the identification of key driver genes and commonly altered pathways. Specific molecular alterations and signatures that correlate with tumour phenotype and clinical outcome have been identified and can be harnessed for patient management and counselling. RCC seems to be a remarkably diverse malignancy with significant intratumour and intertumour genetic heterogeneity. The tumour microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a vital regulator of RCC tumour biology. Patient factors, including immune response and drug metabolism, vary widely, which can lead to widely divergent responses to drug therapy. Intratumour heterogeneity poses a significant challenge to the development of personalized therapies in RCC as a single biopsy might not accurately represent the clonal population ultimately responsible for aggressive biologic behaviour. On the other hand, the diversity of genomic alterations in RCC could also afford opportunities for targeting unique pathways based on analysis of an individual tumour's molecular composition.
High power tunable millimeter wave sources using fixed-tuned planar varactor sideband generators

The development of planar varactor tunerless sideband generators (SBGs) is described in this paper. Integration of the diode with the embedding circuit enhances mechanical robustness and makes the circuits easy to handle compared with a whisker-contacted diode structure. Preliminary measurements at 200 GHz yielded conversion efficiencies of 7-10 dB over more than 20 GHz tuning range. Simulations indicate that THz-scaled SBGs pumped with FIR-lasers (>100 mW) power will yield mWs of tunable THz power.
Abstract 55: Automated, Real-Time, Electronic Health-Record Initiated Alerts Expedite Study Team Notification of Potentially Eligible Subjects for an Acute Stroke Trial

Introduction: Patients must be quickly identified to be eligible for enrollment in acute stroke studies. Clinical providers are often too busy with patient care to be responsible for identification of study patients. Electronic health records quickly incorporate a wealth of data, including laboratory results, into patient level records and can be used to potentially identify subjects in real-time. Our objective was to describe the implementation and performance of an automated screening tool for an acute stroke trial. Methods: The Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) trial (http://www.nett.umich.edu/nett/shine) is an ongoing NIH funded, multicenter, acute stroke trial. Two health systems that use EPIC electronic health record (EHR) developed automated screening (AS) alerts that notify the study team when potentially eligible patients meet the basic criteria for the study in real time. The procedures used are summarized in the figure. Our primary outcome measure was the number of alerts per month at each site. Results: From January 2014 through July 2014, a total of 331 patients (UM:259, UVA:72) were identified using AS algorithms; UM: 47.7, UVA: 10.3 per month. A total of 10 patients were eligible (UM:2, UVA:8) during this time period. Both UM patients were identified by the AS alert, along with four at UVA (transfers from other hospitals not captured).. Conclusions: While automated screening for acute stroke trials using the electronic health record is feasible, we found substantial implementation issues at two sites. At one site, less than 1% of alerts were for eligible patients and at the other site, half of actual eligible patients were missed. Despite challenges, the systems were useful to the research teams and helped study coordinators taking call from home identify cases which would be the highest yield to travel to the hospital to screen. EHR based acute stroke screening tools for research have both promise and a need for further refinement. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Popularity is everything: a new approach to protecting passwords from statistical-guessing attacks

We propose to strengthen user-selected passwords against statistical-guessing attacks by allowing users of Internet-scale systems to choose any password they want--so long as it's not already too popular with other users. We create an oracle to identify undesirably popular passwords using an existing data structure known as a count-min sketch, which we populate with existing users' passwords and update with each new user password. Unlike most applications of probabilistic data structures, which seek to achieve only a maximum acceptable rate false-positives, we set a minimum acceptable false-positive rate to confound attackers who might query the oracle or even obtain a copy of it.
Visualization of self-limiting electrochemical gas generation to recover underwater superhydrophobicity

We develop a transparent superhydrophobic (SHPo) surface with an imbedded electrode to investigate the selflimiting gas recovery mechanism reported for a long-term SHPo state underwater [1]. The surface is made from two Teflon sheets by two hot-embossing steps that embed a metal strip in between. The self-initiation of electrochemical gas generation at liquid impalement and self-termination at full gas recovery of a microtrench is directly visualized. Furthermore, we develop a high-pressure chamber to study the mechanism at elevated hydrostatic pressures (up to 4 atm tested).
Trends in Information Systems and Long-Term Care: A Literature Review

A review of the literature highlights the ways in which Health Information Technology HIT offers opportunities in Long-Term Care LTC. When no journal article or book could be found that comprehensively reviewed LTC HIT, this author reviewed 8 books about LTC to find evidence of the possibilities for HIT. That led to the hypothesis that quality control, workflow, and telehealth are important topics for the LTC HIT journal literature. A MeSH query about LTC HIT was presented to PubMed and retrieved approximately 700 citations. Patterns in that literature supported the hypothesis. A further experiment examined year-by-year trends over the last quarter century and highlighted the increasing importance of 'telehealth' and 'monitoring' in LTC HIT. The trends are consonant with the emergence of computer-assisted life flow as a future topic for LTC HIT.