cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
‘Finding a home away from home’: the use of social networking sites by Asia-Pacific students in the United States for bridging and bonding social capital

Previous research on the use of social networking sites (SNSs) has uncovered their positive influence on bridging and bonding social capital. This study examined SNS use by Asia-Pacific students studying in the United States. It was hypothesized that intensity of SNS usage, social identification with US college and home country, and collective self-esteem would be positively associated with online bridging and bonding social capital in the US college and home country environment. Results indicated that intensity of SNS usage had the strongest impact on bridging social capital in the home country, while social identification and collective self-esteem had the strongest impact on bonding social capital in the home country. Implications for future research are discussed.
Evaluation of wheelchair seating system crashworthiness: “Drop hook”-type seat attachment hardware

Abstract Bertocci G, Ha D, Deemer E, Karg P. Evaluation of wheelchair seating system crashworthiness: "drop hook"-type seat attachment hardware. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:534-40. Objective: To evaluate the crashworthiness of commercially available hardware that attaches seat surfaces to the wheelchair frame. Design: A low cost static crashworthiness test procedure that simulates a frontal impact motor vehicle crash. Setting: Safety testing laboratory. Specimens: Eleven unique sets of drop-hook hardware made of carbon steel (4), stainless steel (4), and aluminum (3). Interventions: Replicated seat-loading conditions associated with a 20g/48kph frontal impact. Test criterion for seat loading was 16,680N (3750lb). Main Outcome Measures: Failure load and deflection of seat surface. Results: None of the hardware sets tested met the crashworthiness test criterion. All failed at less than 50% of the load that seating hardware could be exposed to in a 20g/48kph frontal impact. The primary failure mode was excessive deformation, leading to an unstable seat support surface. Conclusions: Results suggest that commercially available seating drop hooks may be unable to withstand loading associated with a frontal crash and may not be the best option for use with transport wheelchairs. © 2001 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Imagine HEALTH: results from a randomized pilot lifestyle intervention for obese Latino adolescents using Interactive Guided ImagerySM

There is an urgent need for innovative and developmentally appropriate lifestyle interventions to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors and to prevent the early onset of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in obese Latino adolescents. Guided imagery offers promise to reduce stress and promote lifestyle behavior change to reduce disease risk in obese adolescents. Our objectives were: 1) To pilot test a new 12-wk lifestyle intervention using a randomized trial design in obese Latino adolescents, in order to determine the effects of the mind-body modality of Interactive Guided ImagerySM (IGI), over and above those of a didactic lifestyle education, on insulin resistance, eating and physical activity behaviors, stress and stress biomarkers; and 2) To explore the role of intervention-related changes in stress and stress biomarkers on changes in metabolic outcomes, particularly insulin resistance. Obese (BMI > 95th percentile), Latino adolescents (n = 35, age 14-17) were randomized to receive either 12 weekly sessions of a lifestyle education plus guided imagery program (GI), or lifestyle education plus a digital storytelling computer program (DS). Between-group differences in behavioral, biological, and psychological outcomes were assessed using unpaired T-tests and ANCOVA in the 29 subjects who completed the intervention. The GI group demonstrated significant reductions in leisure sedentary behavior (p < .05) and increases in moderate physical activity (p < .05) compared to DS group, and a trend toward reduced caloric intake in GI vs DS (p = .09). Salivary cortisol was acutely reduced by stress-reduction guided imagery (p < .01). There were no group differences in adiposity, insulin resistance, perceived stress, or stress biomarkers across the 12-week intervention, though decrease in serum cortisol over the course of the intervention was associated with improved insulin sensitivity (p = .03) independent of intervention group and other relevant co-variates. The improvements in physical activity and stress biomarkers following this pilot intervention support the role of guided imagery in promoting healthy lifestyle behavior change and reducing metabolic disease risk in obese Latino adolescent populations. Future investigations will be needed to determine the full effects of the Imagine HEALTH intervention on insulin resistance, stress, and stress biomarkers. Clinicaltrials.gov Registry #: NCT01895595
Comparative study of the biases of MUSIC-like estimators

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the bias of a number of spectral MUSIC-like estimators of the directions of arrival of two closely spaced plane waves. The dominant part of the bias of MUSIC for two closely spaced sources is first identified. Then the performances of Beamspace MUSIC, Weighted-Norm MUSIC, such as Likelihood MUSIC, and Weighted MUSIC, such as Minimum-Norm, FINE and FINES, are analyzed in terms of the degree by which these estimators reduce this dominant part of the MUSIC bias, while incurring an increase in asymptotic variance over the asymptotic variance of MUSIC. The results explain, analytically, many previous observations resulting from simulations and numerical computations of the bias expressions, and may be useful in the development of new MUSIC-like algorithms with reduced bias and resolution threshold over those of MUSIC.
Enteral intestinal alkaline phosphatase administration in newborns decreases iNOS expression in a neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis rat model.

Abstract Purpose To determine if intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreases intestinal injury resulting from experimentally induced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that IAP administration prevents the initial development of NEC related intestinal inflammation. Methods Pre- and full-term newborn Sprague–Dawley rat pups were sacrificed on day 1 of life. Pre-term pups were exposed to intermittent hypoxia and formula containing LPS to induce NEC. Select NEC pups were given 40, 4 or 0.4units/kg of bovine IAP (NEC+IAP40u, IAP4u or IAP0.4u) enterally, once daily. Ileal sections were evaluated by real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for IAP, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and immunofluorescence for 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Results Experimentally induced NEC decreased IAP mRNA expression by 66% ( p ≤0.001). IAP supplementation increased IAP mRNA expression to control. Supplemental enteral IAP decreased nitrosative stress as measured by iNOS mRNA expression and 3-NT staining in the NEC stressed pups ( p ≤0.01), as well as decreased intestinal TNF-α mRNA expression. In addition, IAP decreased LSP translocation into the serum in the treated pups. Conclusions We conclude that enterally administered IAP prevents NEC-related intestinal injury and inflammation. Enteral IAP may prove a useful strategy in the prevention of NEC in preterm neonates.
Mass spectrometry in planetary research

Abstract The availability of rockets and space probes has made possible in situ investigations of the earth's upper atmosphere and the atmospheres of other planets and comets. Mass spectrometers are able to make both gas and isotopic analyses. They have played a major role in the study of the earth's upper atmosphere and in the investigation of the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. The results obtained have important consequences in furthering our understanding of the evolution of the solar system. Application to the exploration of the outer planets and comets promises to provide important results no one can foresee.
Modeling effects of interphase transport coefficients on biomass pyrolysis in fluidized beds

This study numerically characterizes the effects of interphase transport coefficients on the simulation of biomass pyrolysis in fluidized-bed reactors. Numerical modeling of sub-grid structures can affect the evolution of interphase transport coefficients and influence the predictive capability of coarse-grid computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in simulating fluidized-bed reactors. In this study, a multi-fluid model that solves mass, momentum, energy and species conservations was coupled with chemical reactions to simulate a laboratory-scale biomass fast pyrolysis reactor. Different formulations of drag and heat transfer coefficients were employed. Comparisons between the simulated and experimental results show that the drag coefficient model considering detailed sub-grid structures predicted lower drag forces and performed better than the homogeneity-based drag correlation models. Lower drag forces on solid biomass particles resulted in lower solid biomass outflux, higher gas velocities, and shorter tar residence time, all resulting in higher tar yields. On the other hand, heat transfer correlations had less effect on the temperature distributions and final product yields. These findings indicate that when coarse-grid CFD is used to simulate biomass fast pyrolysis in fluidized-bed reactors, effects of sub-grid structures need to be taken into account in the formulations of drag coefficients.
Spinal projections of cat primary afferent fibers innervating lumbar facet joints and multifidus muscle

Abstract The spinal projections of small-caliber (presumably nociceptive) afferents arising from lumbar spinal joints and muscles were examined using anterograde transport of WGA-HRP. Injections of WGA-HRP into these structures gave rise to similar, rostro-caudally extensive patterns of spinal labeling indicating that many afferents innervating one facet joint or paraspinal muscle terminate bilaterally in laminae I–II, V–VIII, and X of the lumbar, sacral, and thoracic spinal cord. These diffuse patterns of terminal arborization are reminiscent of visceral input and contrast with the more restricted unilateral terminal fields reported for afferents innervating more distal hindlimb tissues.
TH‐D‐217A‐01: MR Safety Update, 2012: Where Are We, and Where Are We Going?

It has now been almost 3 decades since the introduction of MRI as a vital component of our clinical diagnostic armamentarium. During that time, we have learned much about the potential safety concerns relating to the static and time varying electromagnetic fields used in the MRimaging process, as well as several non‐magnetic field safety issues unique to this modality. Industry application of some of this knowledge has enabled the relatively recent FDA‐approval and clinical introduction of new devices heretofore unavailable that are designed specifically to be conditionally safe in the clinical MRimaging environment. An example of such a device is a cardiac pacemaker system (i.e., pulse generator and accompanying leads) that was designed from the ground up with MRsafety as an integral design objective. Until now, patients were referred to undergo MRimaging because of an identified or suspected disease process, such as neurological or musculoskeletal pathology. This was true for almost all patients except for those with significant heart disease. For them, until recently, those whose heart disease was of such a nature that they required the implantation of a cardiac pacemakers were essentially excluded from MRI access, or were permitted careful access on a case by case basis only after intricate procedures and monitoring personnel and capabilities were established or their particular MRimaging procedure. With the advent of MR conditional cardiac pacemaker systems, we have now just begun to embark on an era where people will not be imaged despite their having a cardiac pacemaker — but specifically because of it, as we now can finally include cardiac disease as one of the many pathologic entities for which MRimaging's impressive diagnostic potential can finally be clinically truly applied. This presentation will review the MRsafety issues in general and present some recent clinical advances in this area in the form of new tools, new capabilities, and newly published guidelines relating to MRsafety. Consultant for Guerbet, Medtronic, Speakers Bureau for Bracco Diagnostics. Learning Objectives: 1. Define the major and minor categories of potential safety concerns in the magnetic resonance imaging environment 2. Become aware of the recent advances in, and FDA approval of, cardiac pacing systems and their safe intra‐MRI utilization 3. Review some of the modifications in the recently produced “American College of Radiology Guidance Document for Safe MR Practices:2012” and compare it to the prior 2007 version of this document.
Glacial and volcanic history of Icelandic table mountains from cosmogenic 3He exposure ages

Basaltic table mountains in the neovolcanic zones of Iceland have been interpreted as subglacial volcanoes that emerged through an ice sheet. Using their distinctive morphological and lithostratigraphic characteristics, the approximate surface elevation and thickness of the ice sheet at the time of eruption can be determined. We measured cosmogenic 3 He concentrations in olivine phenocrysts from subaerially erupted basaltic lava caps of table mountains to determine their exposure ages. We argue that these exposure ages closely approximate eruption ages; the possibility of past snow cover is the main uncertainty. The resulting 3 He exposure (eruption) ages, calculated using a locally derived 3 He production rate calibration, and comprising 42 individual ages from 13 table mountains, allow reconstruction of ice sheet surface profiles through time. The new 3 He chronology indicates that 12 of the 13 dated table mountains experienced their final eruptive phase during the last deglaciation. This eruptive chronology is broadly consistent with the hypothesis that melt production in Iceland is enhanced by pressure release from ice sheet unloading during deglaciation. The clustered distribution of table mountain ages suggests that distinct episodes of ice sheet thinning may have coincided with, or closely followed, the two strongest warming events in the North Atlantic region during the last deglaciation: the Bolling warming (ca 14.5 ka) and the warming at the end of the Younger Dryas. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparison of material response in fused silica and KDP following exit surface laser- induced breakdown

Crater formation that accompanies laser-induced damage is the result of material ejection following the rapid, localized heating to temperatures on the order of 1 eV. The objective of this work is to compare the material ejection behavior in fused silica and KDP crystals as captured using time-resolved shadowgraphy. These two materials are of fundamental importance in ICF class laser systems but they also represent materials with significantly different physical properties. We hypothesize that these different properties can affect the material ejection process.
Making search efficient on Gnutella-like P2P systems

Leveraging the state-of-the-art information retrieval (IR) algorithms like VSM and relevance ranking algorithm, we present GES, an efficient IR system built on top of Gnutella-like P2P networks. The key idea is that GES employs a distributed, content-based, and capacity-aware topology adaptation algorithm to organize nodes (each of which is represented by a node vector) into semantic groups. The intuition behind this design is that semantically associated nodes within a semantic group tend to be relevant to the same queries. Given a query, GES uses a capacity-aware search protocol based on semantic groups and selective one-hop node vector replication, to direct the query to the most relevant nodes which are responsible for the query, thereby achieving high recall with probing only a small faction of nodes. Moreover, GES adopts automatic query expansion techniques to improve quality of search results, and it is the first work to show that node vector size plays a very important role in system performance. The experimental results show that GES is very efficient, and even outperforms the centralized node clustering system like SETS.
Preoperative Cerebrovascular Symptoms and Electroencephalographic Abnormalities Do Not Predict Cerebral Ischemia During Carotid Endarterectomy

Background and Purpose The purpose of this prospective study was to establish (1) whether patients with neurological symptoms scheduled for carotid endarterectomy had an increased incidence of electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities during awake baseline recordings, (2) whether these symptoms and EEG abnormalities predicted ischemic EEG pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp, and (3) whether there was an association between age, presence of EEG baseline abnormalities, and ischemic pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Methods We reviewed the medical record of each patient scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy and recorded the patient’s age and history of previous neurological symptoms. We then continuously monitored and analyzed 16 channels of anteroposterior bipolar EEG and two of referential derivations from at least 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia and throughout the operation. Results We completed 394 consecutive studies. Preoperative neurological symptoms were related to EEG abnormalities in awake patients ( P <.001) and to EEG asymmetries in anesthetized patients ( P <.001). Abnormal awake EEG findings were associated with asymmetries after anesthesia ( P <.0001). Twenty-eight percent of both symptomatic (70/249) and asymptomatic (41/145) patients had EEG ischemic pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Neither neurological symptoms nor EEG abnormalities were associated with age or the development of EEG ischemic pattern changes at carotid artery cross-clamp. Conclusions Despite the strong association between a history of cerebral ischemic symptoms and preoperative EEG abnormalities in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, patients who have suffered strokes or transient ischemic events are at no greater risk of having EEG evidence of cerebral ischemia during carotid artery cross-clamp than patients without symptoms and with normal baseline EEGs. We conclude that preoperative EEG abnormalities in symptomatic patients are not due to age or to insufficiency of regional cerebral blood flow.
Nonsinglet pentagons and NMHV amplitudes

Abstract Scattering amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory receive a dual description in terms of the expectation value of the super Wilson loop stretched on a null polygonal contour. This makes the analysis amenable to nonperturbative techniques. Presently, we elaborate on a refined form of the operator product expansion in terms of pentagon transitions to compute twist-two contributions to NMHV amplitudes. To start with, we provide a novel derivation of scattering matrices starting from Baxter equations for flux-tube excitations propagating on magnon background. We propose bootstrap equations obeyed by pentagon form factors with nonsinglet quantum numbers with respect to the R-symmetry group and provide solutions to them to all orders in 't Hooft coupling. These are then successfully confronted against available perturbative calculations for NMHV amplitudes to four-loop order.
The chronic pain syndrome: don't forget the unconscious mechanisms!

“Pain is always subjective.” “Many people report pain in the absence of tissue damage or any likely pathophysiological cause. Usually this happens for psychological reasons. If we take the subjective report, there is often no way to distinguish their experience from that of pain due to tissue damage. If they regard their experience as pain and it is reported in the same ways as pain caused by tissue damage, it should be accepted as pain”[1,2]. There is no disagreement about their being “many people” who suffer with and report pain in the absence of any demonstrable current pathophysiological cause. And, pain is a subjective complaint. This has been validated repeatedly by extensive diagnostic evaluations done by clinicians who work with patients who suffer chronic pain. A chronic intractable benign pain syndrome (CIBPS) has been defined and reported [3–7]. The suffering with this chronic pain is also congruent with the above quoted description of pain that is accepted by the International Association for the Study of Pain, and it is medically appropriate to refer to it as a …
A Game Theoretical Approach of the Total Weighted Squared Correlation in S-CDMA Systems

We characterize the Total Weighted Squared Correlation (TWSC) used in uplink synchronous code division multiple access (S-CDMA) as a payoff function in the context of the game theoretic framework. By using majorization theory we proved that the value of the game for two players is a saddle-point corresponding to the minimum of TWSC. The optimal solution is the Stackelberg equilibrium and is achieved by players choosing the generalized Welch Bound Equality (WBE) sequences as spreading signatures. By deriving the optimum strategy for two players we propose a better method of minimizing TWSC when channel state information is known exactly at both the transmitter and receiver. A comparison of our method in terms of the water filling procedure with the previous methods and the Karystinos-Pados bound is also given.
PHRAN - A Knowledge-Based Natural Language Understander

We have developed an approach to natural language processing in which the natural language processor is viewed as a knowledge-based system whose knowledge is about the meanings of the utterances of its language. The approach is oriented around the phrase rather than the word as the basic unit. We believe that this paradigm for language processing not only extends the capabilities of other natural language systems, but handles those tasks that previous systems could perform in a more systematic and extensible manner.We have constructed a natural language analysis program called PHRAN (PHRasal ANalyzer) based in this approach. This model has a number of advantages over existing systems, including the ability to understand a wider variety of language utterances, increased processing speed in some cases, a clear separation of control structure from data structure, a knowledge base that could be shared by a language production mechanism, greater ease of extensibility, and the ability to store some useful forms of knowledge that cannot readily be added to other systems.
Inflation and the growth rate in the United States' natural output

The continuing and rising rate of inflation in the United States is of concern because inflation is not harmless. Inflation causes economic agents to waste time and resources reducing the growth rate of productivity and the natural level of output. The size of this effect is estimated using in which an inflation variable natural growth rate is embedded in an expectations augmented phillis' curve or Lucas surprise function. The effect is large – for each one percentage point decrease in the annual inflation rate the annual growth rate in productivity is reduced by 0.223 percentage points. Thus a reduction in inflatin from 6% to zero would increase the natural rate of output growth by one and one-third percentage points per year. Given the unwillingness of politicians, and perhaps the Chairman of the Federal Reserve System, to attempt aggressively to lower the rate of inflation, there is considerable merit in an institutional reform that directs the Federal Reserve to reduce inflation to zero and maintain p...
2‐Propenyl 4‐ferrocenyl‐4‐oxobutanoate

The title compound, C17H18FeO3 or [Fe(C5H5)(C12H13O3)], has the cyclo­penta­dienyl rings essentially eclipsed and nearly parallel, forming a 2.5 (2)° dihedral angle. The Fe atom lies 1.6388 (8) A out of the plane of the substituted ring and 1.6472 (9) A out of the unsubstituted ring plane. The torsion angle about the central C—C bond of the 4-oxobutanoate group is −79.7 (2)°, and the O—C—C=CH2 torsion angle is 131.0 (2)°.
Determination of density correlation functions from scattering of polychromatic light

It is shown that for some many-particle systems with a high degree of symmetry, i.e. systems with homogeneous and/or isotropic density correlations, the density correlation function may be determined by measurements of the changes in the spectrum of polychromatic light scattered by the particles. The use of spectral measurements for such inverse problems may appreciably reduce the number of measurements required to uniquely determine the system structure.
A generalized partially linear model of asymmetric volatility

Abstract In this paper we conduct a close examination of the relationship between return shocks and conditional volatility. We do so in a framework where the impact of return shocks on conditional volatility is specified as a general function and estimated nonparametrically using implied volatility data—the Market Volatility Index (VIX). This setup can provide a good description of the impact of return shocks on conditional volatility, and it appears that the news impact curves implied by the VIX data are useful in selecting ARCH specifications at the weekly frequency. We find that the Exponential ARCH model of Nelson [Econometrica 59 (1991) 347] is capable of capturing most of the asymmetric effect, when return shocks are relatively small. For large negative shocks, our nonparametric function points to larger increases in conditional volatility than those predicted by a standard EGARCH. Our empirical analysis further demonstrates that an EGARCH model with separate coefficients for large and small negative shocks is better able to capture the asymmetric effect.
Approximate geometric pattern matching under rigid motions

We present techniques for matching point-sets in two and three dimensions under rigid-body transformations. We prove bounds on the worst-case performance of these algorithms to be within a small constant factor of optimal and conduct experiments to show that the average performance of these matching algorithms is often better than that predicted by the worst-case bounds.
A real-time multi-processing computer infrastructure for automated testing

The modern test infrastructure utilizes multiple computers for data acquisition, embedded control and operator interface. Often these computers are integrated in a non-real-time communications network upon which system architects attempt to overlay real-time functionality. Under development at Ford is a deterministic, data-driven communications infrastructure employing reflective memory. This system is applicable to a wide range of test, simulation and local communication environments. Multiple computers of different design are made to function as a single multi-processing unit. Immediate application of this technology includes automated testing and powertrain calibration. This paper reviews the design requirements and describes the hardware/software architecture used to provide test site transparency, independent of computing platform and test system integrator.
Wages and Employment in a Segmented Labor Market

This paper analyzes the impact of business cycle fluctuations on a labor market segmented into a unionized primary sector and a "competitive" secondary sector. Either permanent or temporary changes in real aggregate demand are shown to widen the intersectoral wage differential in recession and, under reasonable specifications of key parameters, to cause greater fluctuations of primary-sector employment than secondary-sector employment. This pattern agrees with the stylized facts of the U. S. economy.
Social Status and Susceptibility to Respiratory Infections

Adults and children of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are at higher risk for a wide range of communicable infectious diseases, especially respiratory infections. Greater risk for infectious illness among people with lower SES is thought to be attributable to increased exposure to infectious agents and decreased host resistance to infection. We summarize three studies that examine the prospective association of several markers of social status (unemployment, perceived and observed social status) with host resistance to upper respiratory infections. Unemployment was associated with increased susceptibility to infection in adult humans. Lower social status in male monkeys was also associated with increased susceptibility, as was lower perceived social status in humans. The association of social status and susceptibility was accounted for primarily by increased risk in the lowest social status groups. However, further increases in social status were associated with further decreases in susceptibility in both monkeys and humans.
Minimum mean absolute error estimation over the class of generalized stack filters

A class of sliding window operators called generalized stack filters is developed. This class of filters, which includes all rank order filters, stack filters, and digital morphological filters, is the set of all filters possessing the threshold decomposition architecture and a consistency property called the stacking property. Conditions under which these filters possess the weak superposition property known as threshold decomposition are determined. An algorithm is provided for determining a generalized stack filter which minimizes the mean absolute error (MAE) between the output of the filter and a desired input signal, given noisy observations of that signal. The algorithm is a linear program whose complexity depends on the window width of the filter and the number of threshold levels observed by each of the filters in the superposition architecture. The results show that choosing the generalized stack filter which minimizes the MAE is equivalent to massively parallel threshold-crossing decisions making when the decision are consistent with each other. >
National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: management of asthma in athletes.

OBJECTIVE To present guidelines for the recognition, prophylaxis, and management of asthma that lead to improvement in the quality of care certified athletic trainers and other heath care providers can offer to athletes with asthma, especially exercise-induced asthma. BACKGROUND Many athletes have difficulty breathing during or after athletic events and practices. Although a wide variety of conditions can predispose an athlete to breathing difficulties, the most common cause is undiagnosed or uncontrolled asthma. At least 15% to 25% of athletes may have signs and symptoms suggestive of asthma, including exercise-induced asthma. Athletic trainers are in a unique position to recognize breathing difficulties caused by undiagnosed or uncontrolled asthma, particularly when asthma follows exercise. Once the diagnosis of asthma is made, the athletic trainer should play a pivotal role in supervising therapies to prevent and control asthma symptoms. It is also important for the athletic trainer to recognize when asthma is not the underlying cause for respiratory difficulties, so that the athlete can be evaluated and treated properly. RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations contained in this position statement describe a structured approach for the diagnosis and management of asthma in an exercising population. Athletic trainers should be educated to recognize asthma symptoms in order to identify patients who might benefit from better management and should understand the management of asthma, especially exercise-induced asthma, to participate as active members of the asthma care team.
FACADE: A Compiler and Runtime for (Almost) Object-Bounded Big Data Applications

The past decade has witnessed the increasing demands on data-driven business intelligence that led to the proliferation of data-intensive applications. A managed object-oriented programming language such as Java is often the developer's choice for implementing such applications, due to its quick development cycle and rich community resource. While the use of such languages makes programming easier, their automated memory management comes at a cost. When the managed runtime meets Big Data, this cost is significantly magnified and becomes a scalability-prohibiting bottleneck. This paper presents a novel compiler framework, called Facade, that can generate highly-efficient data manipulation code by automatically transforming the data path of an existing Big Data application. The key treatment is that in the generated code, the number of runtime heap objects created for data types in each thread is (almost) statically bounded, leading to significantly reduced memory management cost and improved scalability. We have implemented Facade and used it to transform 7 common applications on 3 real-world, already well-optimized Big Data frameworks: GraphChi, Hyracks, and GPS. Our experimental results are very positive: the generated programs have (1) achieved a 3%--48% execution time reduction and an up to 88X GC reduction; (2) consumed up to 50% less memory, and (3) scaled to much larger datasets.
Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES).

Objective: Review of the application of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in human studies. Summary Background Data: NOTES presents the latest promising technology that allows new access into the abdominal cavity through a natural orifice for multiple clinical applications. It has generated excitement among physicians for a potentially scar-free surgery. Being in its infancy stage, the safety and efficacy of this technology must be studied with scrutiny. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in April 2008 for “natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery” and for “natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.” The search was limited to articles in English and those regarding human subjects. Results: The outcomes from the published case series show a level III evidence for the use of NOTES. However, human experience with NOTES is growing. Eleven articles involving human experience with NOTES have been published in 2007 and 2008. More studies are expected as the interest in this...
Professional Enrichment And Experiential Learning For Business Students

College faculty members are faced with continuous challenges each day. The communication of knowledge and motivation and participation of students remains a goal of all. This paper discusses these issues and reports on the progress of one business college’s efforts for continuous improvement. At the William Paterson University, Christos M. Cotsakos College of Business we recently implemented a new professional enrichment program designed to enhance a student’s college education with active learning activities inside and outside the classroom. The active learning approach emphasizes the students' role in constructing knowledge by engaging in inquiry, critical thinking, and problem solving in a collaborative framework. Specific program examples are presented.
ASIA PACIFIC ADRS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: IS THERE A DIFFERENCE IN PERFORMANCE FOR ISSUES LISTED ON THE NYSE IN THE LAST TWO DECADES?

The long-term excess returns for Asia Pacific ADRs listed on the NYSE from 1990 through 2009 are tested to determine differences in performance and evidence of decade-long market timing effects. While the overall sample outperformed the S&P 500 Index during the first 36 months of trading by over 13 percent, those ADRs listed before January 1, 2000 underperformed by 21 percent while those issued after outperformed the index by 31 percent. A similar market-timing effect is seen by breaking IPOs and SEOs down by date of issue as well. The results suggest Asia Pacific ADRs provided great diversification benefits during the volatile US markets during the 2000s.
Pituitary Medicine From Discovery to Patient-Focused Outcomes.

Context: This perspective traces a pipeline of discovery in pituitary medicine over the past 75 years. Objective: To place in context past advances and predict future changes in understanding pituitary pathophysiology and clinical care. Design: Author's perspective on reports of pituitary advances in the published literature. Setting: Clinical and translational Endocrinology. Outcomes: Discovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and mechanisms for pituitary control, have culminated in exquisite understanding of anterior pituitary cell function and dysfunction. Challenges facing the discipline include fundamental understanding of pituitary adenoma pathogenesis leading to more effective treatments of inexorably growing and debilitating hormone secreting pituitary tumors as well as medical management of non-secreting pituitary adenomas. Newly emerging pituitary syndromes include those associated with immune-targeted cancer therapies and head trauma. Conclusions: Novel diagnostic techniques including imaging...
Enantioselective Radiosynthesis of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Containing [18F]Fluorohydrins

Herein, we describe an operationally straightforward radiosynthesis of a chiral transition metal fluoride catalyst, [18F](salen)CoF, and its use for late-stage enantioselective aliphatic radiofluorination. We demonstrate the utility of the method by preparing single enantiomer experimental and clinically validated PET tracers that contain base-sensitive functional groups, epimerizable stereocenters, and nitrogen-rich motifs. Unlike the conventional radiosyntheses of these targets with [18F]KF, labeling with (salen)CoF is possible in the last step and under exceptionally mild conditions. These results constitute a rare example of a nucleophilic radiofluorination using a transition metal fluoride and highlight the potential of such reagents to enhance traditional methods for labeling aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Electronic cigarette awareness, use history, and expected future use among hospitalized cigarette smokers.

INTRODUCTION E-cigarette use has surged during the past few years while the debate about the product's safety and efficacy for smoking cessation continues. Little is known about the characteristics that distinguish users from nonusers; in this study, we aimed to elucidate these characteristics among hospitalized smokers, a heretofore unstudied population. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from cigarette smokers via hospital bedside interviews. Participants reported e-cigarette use status, reasons for use (if used), e-cigarette advertising exposure, expected likelihood of future e-cigarette use, desire to quit smoking, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Of the 657 English-speaking hospitalized smokers who provided data, 97% reported awareness of e-cigarettes and 46.4% reported e-cigarette use, with 20% reporting use in the previous 30 days. Previous e-cigarette use was significantly more likely among those who were White (odds ratio [OR] = 4.7; confidence interval [CI] = 3.2-6.7), were married/had a domestic partner (OR = 1.5; CI = 1.0-2.2), had more than a high school education (OR = 1.7; CI = 1.1-2.7), had e-cigarette advertising exposure (OR = 1.6; CI = 1.1-2.4), and were younger (OR = 1.3; CI = 1.1-1.5). Expected likelihood of future e-cigarette use was high and positively correlated with desire to quit smoking (Spearman's ρ = .18, p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Rates of awareness and use of e-cigarettes may be elevated among hospitalized smokers, with more use reported among those who were White, younger, more educated, in a relationship, and exposed to e-cigarette advertising. The association between desire to quit smoking and expected likelihood of future e-cigarette use suggests that cigarette smokers may perceive e-cigarettes as a useful cessation aid.
Altered tissue metabolites correlate with microbial dysbiosis in colorectal adenomas.

Several studies have linked bacterial dysbiosis with elevated risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer. However, the functional implications of gut dysbiosis remain unclear. Gut bacteria contribute to nutrient metabolism and produce small molecules termed the “metabolome”, which may contribute to the development of neoplasia in the large bowel. We assessed the metabolome in normal rectal mucosal biopsies of 15 subjects with colorectal adenomas and 15 nonadenoma controls by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure abundances of specific bacterial taxa. We identified a total of 274 metabolites. Discriminant analysis suggested a separation of metabolomic profiles between adenoma cases and nonadenoma controls. Twenty-three metabolites contributed to the separation, notably an increase in adenoma cases of the inflammatory metabolite prostaglandin E2 and a decrease in antioxidant-related metabolites 5-oxoproline and diketogulonic...
Application Effect Analysis of Deformation Monitoring in Mining Area Under Expressway

We study deformation monitoring of expressway,and anslyze the application effect.We realize the deformation monitoring of mined-out area.
A memory management approach based on page coloring for multi-core systems

Most multi-core platforms currently adopt shared cache among the processor cores. Due to the problem of cache contention,it is extremely difficult to predict the w orst-case execution time of the computation tasks running on different cores. A page-coloring technique w as proposed to avoid cache contention in memory access for multi-core platforms. The advantage is that the w orst case execution time of tasks running on individual core can be estimated separately using the existing WCET analysis methods for uni-processor systems. A memory management system w as designed based on the Linux to support page coloring mechanism,w hich is evaluated using the standard benchmarks. Experimental results show n that the execution time for different processor cores becomes deterministic w hen it is executed on the same platform running in the Linux supported w ith the management system.
Neoplastic lymphoid reticulum cells in the peripheral blood: a histochemical study.

Abnormal appearing cells having the superficial appearance of large lymphocytes were found in some cases of generalized malignant proliferations af the reticulum cell system and were studied by cytochemical methods and by phase microscopy. They were found to be very similar in their reactions to the "fixed" or tissue reticulum cells and in many respects to monocytes, but differed markedly from the cells of the lymphocytic system with which they are often confused. The term neoplastic lymphoid reticulum cell is applied to these cells since it indicates that they are malignant in nature and fundamentally of the reticulum cell type, although in fixed and stain material they may show some of the morphologic characteristics of the lymphocytic cells.
Shell We Date? ESR Dating Sangamon Interglacial Episode Deposits at Hopwood Farm, IL.

During the Sangamon Episode, North America occasionally experienced warm climates. At Hopwood Farm, IL, a small kettle lake filled with sediment after the Illinois Episode glaciers retreated from southern Illinois. To date those deposits, 14 mollusc samples newly collected with associated sediment from three depths at Hopwood Farm were dated by standard electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. ESR can date molluscs from ~0.5 ka to >2 Ma in age with 5-10% precision, by comparing the accumulated radiation dose with the total radiation dose rate from the mollusc and its environment. Because all molluscs contained ≤0.6 ppm U, their ages do not depend on the assumed U uptake model. Using five different species, ESR analyses for 14 mollusc subsamples from Hopwood Farm showed that Unit 3, a layer rich in lacustrine molluscs, dates at 102 ± 7 ka to 90 ± 6 ka, which correlates with Marine (Oxygen) Isotope Stage 5c-b. Thus, the period with the highest non-arboreal pollen at Hopwood also correlates with the European Brorup, Dansgaard-Oeschger Event DO 23, a time period when climates were cooling and drying somewhat over the same period.
DNA Microarrays and Genetic Testing

Since the introduction of DNA microarrays in the early 1990s, there has been an explosion of applications of this technology and innovations in microarray assays. This chapter will focus on two types of platforms that are currently state of the art: solid and suspension microarrays that use DNA probes for multiplexed analysis. A comparative analysis will be presented along with the diverse applications of both to genetic testing.
Neonatal disease environment limits the efficacy of retinal transplantation in the LCA8 mouse model.

Mutations of Crb1 gene cause irreversible and incurable visual impairment in humans. This study aims to use an LCA8-like mouse model to identify host-mediated responses that might interfere with survival, retinal integration and differentiation of grafted cells during neonatal cell therapy. Mixed retinal donor cells (1 ~ 2 × 104) isolated from neural retinas of neonatal eGFP transgenic mice were injected into the subretinal space of LCA8-like model neonatal mice. Markers of specific cell types were used to analyze microglial attraction, CSPG induction and retinal cell differentiation. The positions of host retinal cells were traced according to their laminar location during disease progression to look for host cell rearrangements that might inhibit retinal integration of the transplanted cells. Transplanted retinal cells showed poor survival and attracted microglial cells, but CSPG was not greatly induced. Retinas of the LCA8 model hosts underwent significant cellular rearrangement, including rosette formation and apical displacement of inner retinal cells. Local disease environment, particularly host immune responses to injected cells and formation of a physical barrier caused by apical migration of host retinal cells upon disruption of outer limiting membrane, may impose two major barriers in LCAs cell transplantation therapy.
Ribosome pausing, arrest and rescue in bacteria and eukaryotes.

Ribosomes translate genetic information into polypeptides in several basic steps: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling. When ribosomes are arrested during elongation or termination, th...
To address surface reaction network complexity using scaling relations machine learning and DFT calculations

Surface reaction networks involving hydrocarbons exhibit enormous complexity with thousands of species and reactions for all but the very simplest of chemistries. We present a framework for optimization under uncertainty for heterogeneous catalysis reaction networks using surrogate models that are trained on the fly. The surrogate model is constructed by teaching a Gaussian process adsorption energies based on group additivity fingerprints, combined with transition-state scaling relations and a simple classifier for determining the rate-limiting step. The surrogate model is iteratively used to predict the most important reaction step to be calculated explicitly with computationally demanding electronic structure theory. Applying these methods to the reaction of syngas on rhodium(111), we identify the most likely reaction mechanism. Propagating uncertainty throughout this process yields the likelihood that the final mechanism is complete given measurements on only a subset of the entire network and uncertainty in the underlying density functional theory calculations. Finding catalyst mechanisms remains a challenge due to the complexity of hydrocarbon chemistry. Here, the authors shows that scaling relations and machine-learning methods can focus full-accuracy methods on the small subset of rate-limiting reactions allowing larger reaction networks to be treated.