cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence for mating plugs in the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

Male inhibition of female re-mating is com-mon in many insects. Mating plugs, used by males to con-trol female re-mating, have been postulated in several ant species. Recent studies of bumblebees have described re-mating inhibition by male accessory gland secretions. Fire ants Solenopsis invicta possess accessory glands containing the same four fatty acids as do the bumblebees. Furthermore it appears that some of these acids are transferred to the female at mating. Thus, it is possible that single mating of fire ant females may be enforced by male mating plugs.
Properties of a spark chamber

A spark chamber has been constructed of seven aluminum plates, each 1/2 in. thick and separated by a 1/4 in. gap. Using this device permits the trajectory of a charged particle to be observed by detecting the light produced by a spark discharge between the plates when a high-voltage pulse is applied to alternate plates. The efficiency of this chamber has been measured for high-energy charged particles produced at the Bevatron. When the chamber is filled with 1 atm of neon or argon, the efficiency per gap is greater than 99% if a 1/4 µs pulse of greater than 10 kV for neon or 15 kV for argon is applied to the plates within 1/3 µs after the charged particle traverses the gap between the plates. Multiple tracks, such as those produced by a nuclear reaction in the plates can easily be photographed. The recovery time of the chamber, after a spark discharge between the plates, is approximately 10 ms. The sensitive time is of the order of 10 µs unless a clearing field is applied to one set of the plates. With a clearing field of approximately 160 V/cm, the sensitive time is reduced to less than 1/2 µs. When the chamber had 4·105 particles incident on it in 0.1 s, three tracks per trigger were sometimes observed, in agreement with the measured sensitive time. The chamber also functioned with a magnetic field of 13 kG parallel to the plates. The tracks were displaced by an amount proportional to the magnetic field. In addition, if a high clearing field,E, was applied and if a long time was allowed to elapse before the high-voltage pulse was applied, the sparks in alternate gaps were displaced in opposite directions by an amount proportional toE×B. Both the momentum and the time of traversal, relative to the time of applied voltage, could be determined in this manner.
Frequency tripling of beam noise

The characteristics of the 3(omega) focal spot are determined by the properties of the 1(omega) beam and the frequency tripling process. The size of the 3(omega) focal spot depends on the spectrum of spatial noise in the 1(omega) beam. A perturbation theory for ripple transfer in frequency tripling is used to predict the characteristics of the 3(omega) focal spot. The theory predicts that 1(omega) phase noise grows 9X in power in the tripling process. This can cause a significant reduction in 3(omega) energy delivered to the target. Results from Beamlet 3(omega) focal spot characterization experiments are also presented.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Explanatory Model to Guide Assessment, Risk and Diagnosis of Psychological Distress after Abortion

Background: Emerging data report 30% of women worldwide who obtain elective abortion experience negative and persistent psychological distress afterward. Studies find higher rates of psychological stress, depressive, substance, and anxiety disorders as well as suicidal behaviors, among some populations after abortion as compared to other reproductive events. Of concern, is that currenttheory and practice which promote abortion to relieve the stress of an unwanted pregnancy do not reflect new evidence. Moreover, the controversy on abortion inhibits research and treatment on its impact on women’s mental health. Thus, clinicians do not identify adverse psychological outcomes to abortion leaving many women untreated. Indeed, this knowledge-practice gap among healthcare providers may be the major reason that the incidence of adverse psychological outcomes after abortion continues to rise. Method: This paper proposes a theoretical understanding of psychological distress after abortion based on new data. A bio-psychosocial framework, including a psychological and biological theory, as well as a conceptual model is presented to explain the development of psychological distress after abortion. A comparison of risk factors between postpartum and post-abortion disorders is presented. Conclusion: A new theoretical model of psychological distress after abortion deepens understanding of the range of women’s responses to abortion and promotes evidence based practice. A scientific framework provides a much needed understanding of abortion aftermath as opposed to a political one. By providing assistance to clinicians in the identification, screening, and treatment of psychological disorders after abortion, this thesis aims to close the practice gap, and increase services after abortion to women who need them.
Protonation of amides by trifluoroacetic acid: infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance studies

Abstract N,N-dimethylacetamide and N-methylacetamide in mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid and carbon tetrachloride have been studied by i.r. spectroscopy in the region from 4000 to 2000 cm−1. The intensities of vOH of monomeric form as well as the associated form of trifluoroacetic acid decrease quantitatively upon amide addition. This is ascribed to the transfer of a proton from -COOH to the amide molecule. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements have also been made for these amides in mixtures of organic acids, ranging from weak to very strong, and nonpolar solvents. The results show that not only trifluoroacetic acid but also dichloroacetic is capable of protonating the amide molecule.
Nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and physicians in community health centers, 2006-2010.

Abstract Purpose: Community health centers (CHCs) fill a vital role in providing health care to underserved populations. This project compares characteristics of patient visits to nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), and physicians in CHCs. Methods: This study analyzes 2006–2010 annual survey data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey CHC sample, a representative national sample of CHC providers and patient visits. We examine trends in provider mix in CHCs and compare NPs, PAs, and physicians with regard to patient and visit attributes. Survey weights are used to produce national estimates. Results: There were, on average, 36,469,000 patient visits per year to 150,100 providers at CHCs; 69% of visits were to physicians, 21% were to NPs, and 10% were to PAs. Compared to visits to NPs, visits made to physicians and PAs tended to be for chronic disease treatment and for patients whom they serve as primary care providers. Visits to NPs tended to be for preventive care. Conclusions: This study found more similarities than differences in characteristics of patients and patient visits to physicians, NPs, and PAs in CHCs. When statistical differences were observed, NP patient and visit characteristics tended to be different from those of physicians. Implications: Results provide detailed information about visits to NPs and PAs in a setting where they constitute a significant portion of providers and care for vulnerable populations. Results can inform future workforce approaches.
Feed intake, diet utilization, and composition of browses consumed by the Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) in a North American zoo

The Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), presently indigenous to the Malay peninsula and the islands of Sumatra and Borneo, is faced with extinction. It is estimated that fewer than 400 individuals still exist in the wild. In response, concerted efforts have been made to maintain and breed this species in captivity, and proper diet and nutrition underlie reproduction. The present feeding trial characterizes a diet fed to three Sumatran rhinos at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden. The diet consists of mixed alfalfa/orchard grass hay, a variety of browses, grain pellets, produce (apples and bananas), and a vitamin E supplement. All three rhinos maintained body weight (614–761 kg), regular patterns of bowel movements, and fecal consistency and composition throughout the three 5-day trials. Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 1.40 to 2.49% of body mass. Browse contributed by far the majority of nutrients to the diets in this study, from 62 to 83% of DMI. The nutrient composition of six species of subtropically grown browses (two from differing locations, for a total of eight browses characterized) showed that leaves did not differ from twigs in water or lignin content, but leaves contained higher concentrations of protein (both crude and bound) and ash, as well as lower fiber fractions. Of the macrominerals analyzed, only phosphorus differed between leaves and twigs, with twigs containing significantly more. No differences were seen between leaves and twigs in iron, molybdenum, or zinc content, but leaves contained lower concentrations of copper and higher concentrations of manganese and selenium compared with twigs from the same plants. Dry matter digestibility averaged approximately 50%. The only overt imbalances detected when comparing rhino diets with nutrient recommendations for domestic equids were excess calcium relative to phosphorus intake and low copper intake. These data, combined with information on native browse composition, intake, and digestibility, should greatly assist in providing suitable diets for this highly endangered species. Zoo Biol 19:169–180, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of somatic embryos as a method for the production of transgenic plants

Somatic embryos have been successfully used as a target tissue for transformation and regeneration of transgenic walnut plants. Walnut somatic embryos, initiated originally from developing zygotic embryos, proliferate numerous secondary embryos from single cells in the epidermal layer. These single cells in intact somatic embryos are susceptible to transformation by genetically engineeredAgrobacterium tumefaciens and provide a means to regenerate nonchimeric transgenic plants. This gene transfer system has been made more efficient using, a) vector plasmids containing two marker genes encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS) and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH(3′)II) and B) a more virulent strain ofAgrobacterium. This system should be applicable to any crop that undergoes repetitive embryogenesis from singleAgrobacterium-susceptible cells.
Density of states and magnetoconductance of disordered Au point contacts

We report low-temperature magnetotransport measurements on electrochemically fabricated atomic scale gold nanojunctions. As $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{T}0,$ the junctions exhibit nonperturbatively large zero bias anomalies (ZBA's) in their differential conductance. We consider several explanations and find that the ZBA's are consistent with a reduced local density of states in the disordered metal. We suggest that this is a result of Coulomb interactions in a granular metal with moderate intergrain coupling. Magnetoconductance of atomic scale junctions also differs significantly from that of less geometrically constrained devices, and supports this explanation.
Identification of a residue in the translocation pathway of a membrane carrier

Summary Preliminary work using directed mutagenesis proved that cysteine is not required for operation of UhpT, the anion exchange protein responsible for glucose 6-phosphate transport by E. coli. We then made a detailed study of C143 and C265, because these cysteines impart sensitivity to p-chloromercuribenzosulfonate (PCMBS), a sulfhydral agent resembling glucose 6-phosphate in size, shape, and charge. We showed that C143 was exposed to the cytoplasm, as expected from hydropathy analysis, but we found no sidedness for C265. Rather, C265 was accessible to PCMBS from both membrane surfaces. And since the attack at C265 was blocked by glucose 6-phosphate, position 265 must lie directly on the pathway taken by the substrate as it moves through this membrane carrier.
Origins and Universality in the Human Rights Debates: Cultural Essentialism and the Challenge of Globalization

Preoccupation with cultural relativism has until recently crowded out most other theoretical questions in the field of human rights theory; today globalization and other problems are receiving much more attention. The worry addressed here is that despite this timely broadening of the analytic focus we tend to view these new problems through the lens of cultural relativism. As a result, we are asking the wrong questions about globalization and human rights and looking for the wrong kinds of answer. This essay pleads for a critical reevaluation of contemporary approaches to globalization and human rights and proposes an alternative framework.
Establishment treatments affect the relationships among nutrition, productivity and competing vegetation of loblolly pine saplings on a Gulf Coastal Plain site

After cultural treatments such as site preparation, release and fertilization, changes in the supply of mineral nutrients relative to each other and shifts in the composition of vegetation may have a delayed effect on the nutrition, carbon partitioning and growth of forest trees. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of early management options that control vegetation and fertility on the nutrition and productivity of a young loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation on a phosphorus-deficient site in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Two levels each of herbicide application, fertilization and litter addition were applied in a factorial arrangement to three open-pollinated families of newly planted loblolly pine seedlings. Competing vegetation was evaluated after three growing seasons, loblolly pine nutrition and tannin synthesis were evaluated after four growing seasons and loblolly pine productivity was quantified after five growing seasons. Fertilization and herbicide application increased the growth and decreased the foliar tannin concentration of loblolly pine. Herbicide application also increased the potassium concentration of loblolly pine foliage. A negative correlation between foliar tannin and potassium concentrations was found on plots that were fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus. On southern pine sites that are fertilized with phosphorus, the accelerated growth of planted pine and invading vegetation may create new nutrient limitations. Where phosphorus is limiting, however, nutrient utilization may not be great enough for new deficiencies to develop. Loblolly pine stand productivity and foliar nutrient concentrations were affected by genetic family and the foliar calcium and magnesium concentrations of loblolly pine families responded differently to the establishment treatments. We also found that the establishment treatments influenced the occurrence of herbaceous and woody competitors. We hypothesize that corresponding treatment effects on exchangeable cation concentrations and pH of the soil were caused by changes in vegetation.
Bupivacaine (Marcaine®): An Evaluation of its Tissue and Systemic Toxicity in Humans

In countries other than the U.S.A., dosages of bupivacaine have been limited to 100 mg without epinephrine and 150 mg with epinephrine. A review of 7,688 regional block procedures employing bupivacaine in concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75%, and in dosages as high as 600 mg, indicated that such stringent restrictions: (1) are unwarranted, (2) make comparisons with other local anesthetic agents difficult, and (3) are in need of revision.
A classification of respondents to the CPI socialization scale: Associations with diagnosis and other clinical variables

Abstract The Socialization Scale, a psychometric measure which has been found to be related to clinical diagnosis, was administered to 83 young women attending psychiatric services in the Tayside region of Scotland. A classification of the respondents, derived from their scores on three sub-scales, was replicated. In addition to psychiatric diagnosis, an association was found between the classification and the age at which patients began using psychiatric services. In contrast, the clinical diagnosis of psychiatric disorder was related to use of emergency services and the likelihood of being admitted. The results suggest that the scale might be helpful in screening for personality disorders and in exploring the relationship between personality and psychopathology, though they do not suggest that it would be particularly useful in the prediction of clinical outcome.
Enhanced susceptibility to endotoxic shock and impaired STAT3 signaling in CD31-deficient mice

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31), an adhesion molecule expressed on hematopoietic and endothelial cells, mediates apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration and maintains endothelial integrity in addition to its roles as a modulator of lymphocyte and platelet signaling and facilitator of neutrophil transmigration. Recent data suggest that CD31 functions as a scaffolding protein to regulate phosphorylation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of signaling molecules, particularly STAT3 and STAT5. STAT3 regulates the acute phase response to innate immune stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and promotes recovery from LPS-induced septic shock. Here we demonstrate that CD31-deficient mice have reduced survival during endotoxic LPS-induced shock. As compared to wild-type controls, CD31-deficient mice showed enhanced vascular permeability; increased apoptotic cell death in liver, kidney, and spleen; and elevated levels of serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFNγ), MCP-1, MCP-5, sTNRF, and IL-6. In response to LPS in vivo and in vitro, splenocytes and endothelial cells from knockout mice had reduced levels of phosphorylated STAT3. These results suggest that CD31 is necessary for maintenance of endothelial integrity and prevention of apoptosis during septic shock and for STAT3-mediated acute phase responses that promote survival during septic shock.
Trace elements and Sr-isotopes in some mantle-derived hydrous minerals and their significance

Abstract New analyses of K, Rb, Sr and Ba contents and the 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios of eight amphiboles, one phlogopite, two diopsides and one host alkalic basalt for an amphibole are reported: The samples are mostly inclusions in alkalic basalts and occur in association with peridotite inclusions. Two of the samples are from alpine-type peridotite bodies — one from the Etang de Lhers massif in the French Pyrenees and the other from the Finero massif in the Ivrea zone in northern Italy. The kaersutites come from the following localities: Hoover Dam, Arizona; Deadman Lake, California; Massif Central, France; Queensland; Spring Mountain, New South Wales. The data indicate that kaersutitic amphiboles are genetically unrelated to their host basalts. The isotopic and trace element data of these amphiboles further strengthens the suggestion of BASU and MURTHY (1977) that kaersutites play a significant role in ocean ridge basalt genesis. In addition, pargasitic amphibole with higher 87 Sr 86 Sr ratios, if present, may be important in the source regions of alkalic basalts. The bulk amphibole lherzolite from Lherz has the K Rb ratio and 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio appropriate for source material of ridge tholeiites. If the diopside and the amphibole in this rock had isotopically equilibrated under upper mantle conditions, the data show the time of last equilibration to be approximately 735 m.y., in contrast to the young emplacement age of the ultramafic massif. The coexisting phlogopite and diopside in the spinel lherzolite inclusion from Kilbourne Hole, New Mexico, show, surprisingly, isotopic equilibration under upper mantle conditions despite their drastically different Rb Sr ratios. The data show that the phlogopite must have formed very recently in the upper mantle. This phlogopite also has a high K Rb ratio (1133), contrary to the commonly held view that mantle phlogopites have low K Rb ratios. The coexisting diopside shows high K content (778 ppm) and a lower K Rb ratio than the phlogopite. This phlogopite lherzolite has trace elemental and isotopic characteristics that may be adequate for the origin of alkalic basalts upon partial melting.
The Brightest Supergiants Predicted by Theory

The distribution of the brightest Galactic supergiants on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is studied here with the help of new theoretical evolutionary tracks for very massive stars. The shapes of the new tracks are determined largely by stellar wind mass loss during the main-sequence phase. In contrast to earlier theoretical work, the tracks for stars with the highest initial masses point down the main sequence and converge to essentially the same unique end product, which then evolves toward the region of red supergiants. Enhanced mass loss due to ionization-induced dynamical instability in the star's outer envelope eventually terminates the redward movement. In these two ways, mass loss imposes upper limits on the predicted luminosities for extreme OB supergiants, yellow hypergiants, and red supergiants. By adopting standard mass-loss rates for main-sequence stars, the new evolutionary tracks are found to account satisfactorily for the empirical supergiant luminosity limits determined by Humphreys & Davidson and by de Jager. Success is somewhat more mixed when main-sequence mass-loss rates 3 times larger (as suggested by some recent observational studies) are adopted.
Application of image processing to the analysis of three-dimensional flow fields

A new method has been developed to apply image processing tech­ niques to a more conventional stereoscopic measurement method. This new technique will provide both qualitative information and quantitative data, which are needed to achieve a better characterization of complex flow fields such as those in agitated vessels. The technique of flow visualization has been widely used to acquire qualitative realizations of flow structures and mixing mecha­ nisms. However, the quantity of data obtained from such flow visualization studies has always been limiting. Sheu et al. (Chem. Eng. Comm. 17,67 (1982)) used a stereoscopic cine camera to record the flow field in an agitated tank containing small, neutrally buoyant tracer particles and showed that three- dimensional velocities can be obtained from discrete sets of particle locations in stereo scenes. In this paper, the application of digital image processing to automate data acquisition procedures is presented. Instead of tracking particles manually, films (visual images) were digitized and were stored in digital form on magnetic tapes. A software package, utilizing THRESHOLDING and PATTERN MATCHING, has been developed to perform the following tasks: (1) particle image identification, (2) particle image tracking in consecutive frames, (3) stereo pair matching of particle trajectories, and (4) velocities evaluation in three-dimensional space evolving in time. The important attributes for flow characterization, such as velocity, acceleration, turbulent intensity, and possi­ bly temperature, can be collected for analysis in much larger quantities at a much faster rate than ever before. Furthermore, considerable improvement in accuracy over that of a manually tracked method is also achieved. Most attrac­ tive of all, this new combination of image processing and stereoscopic motion pictures is capable of providing sufficient data with high resolution to character­ ize the flow field from a Lagrangian/Eulerian point of view.
Polarized infrared studies of a polytripeptide with superfolded cross β conformation

Abstract Infrared spectra have been obtained from oriented crystalline films of the glycineled polytripeptide poly[Gly-Ala-Glu(OEt)], a model for the non-proline containing regions of collagen. The spectral information is consistent with a doubly oriented cross β superfolded structure in which the molecular axis is perpendicular to both the long axis of the fibers and the film plane. Circular dichroism studies have revealed that the polymer belongs to the 1β family, suggesting that this family may arise from a superfolded β conformation.
Absence of the Hopf invariant in the long-wavelength action of two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets

Contrary to recent theoretical suggestions, we show that the long-wavelength action of a two-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet on a square lattice can be mapped onto a classical (2+1) nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ model without any additional topological term.
Fuzzy eigenvalues and input-output analysis

Abstract We first generalize the Perron-Frobenius results for nonnegative matrices to nonnegative fuzzy matrices which says that these fuzzy matrices have a (dominant) nonnegative fuzzy eigenvalue. This result is then used to extend Leontief's closed input-output analysis to fuzzy economies and obtain a fuzzy model of the world's economy.
Surgical Repair of Cor Triatriatum Sinister: The Mayo Clinic 50-Year Experience

Background Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital cardiac defect in which the atrium is divided into 2 chambers by a membrane causing obstruction to the blood flow in either the left atrium (cor triatriatum sinister) or the right atrium (cor triatriatum dexter) eventually leading to cardiac failure. We sought to review our surgical experience with cor triatriatum sinister. Methods Twenty-five patients underwent surgical correction of cor triatriatum between May 1960 and September 2012. There were 11 males and 14 females with a mean age of 27.4 years (age range, 1 day to 73 years). Results All patients underwent excision of cor triatriatum membrane using cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty patients (80%) required concomitant cardiac surgical procedures. There was no early mortality. None of the patients had any residual atrial obstruction. Two infants who had concomitant repair of complex congenital anomalies died at 2 and 5 months postoperatively after discharge from hospital. Kaplan-Meier survival at 10 years was 83%. All patients were in New York Heart Association class I or II at a mean follow-up of 12.8 years (maximum 44 years). Conclusions Surgical repair of cor triatriatum provides satisfactory early and long-term survival with low risk for additional intervention. Cor triatriatum with complex congenital anomalies may be associated with adverse outcome.
On effect algebras of fuzzy sets

We introduce the category IE of effect algebras of fuzzy sets and sequentially continuous effect homomorphisms and describe its fundamental properties. We show that IE and the category ID of D-posets of fuzzy sets are isomorphic, hence the constructions and properties of ID related to applications to probability theory are valid for the corresponding effect algebras. We describe basic properties of categorical coproducts in ID and dually of categorical products in the corresponding category MID of measurable spaces. We end with remarks on fuzzy probability notions.
Glycoprotein synthesis in the adult rat pancreas I. Subcellular distributions of uridine diphosphate galactose: Glycoprotein galactosyltransferase and thiamine pyrophospate phosphohydrolase

Abstract 1. 1. UDPgalactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase in homogenates of adult rat pancreas catalyzed the transfer of galactose to desialylated submaxillary mucins. MnCl2 and Triton X-100 stimulated this reaction and the optimal pH was between 7 and 8. No transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to N-acetylglucosamine was detected. 2. 2. Approx. 80% of the galactosyltransferase was associated with microsomes; less than 5% of the activity was soluble. The specific activity in the smooth microsomal subfraction was 8-fold greater than the homogenate. No activity was found in zymogen granules or zymogen granule membranes. 3. 3. Thiamine pyrophosphohydrolase was detected in all subcellular fractions. Approx. 60% of this activity was soluble; only 19% was associated with the microsomal fraction. The specific activity in the smooth microsomal subfraction was approx. 4-fold greater than the homogenate.
Extracurricular Activities and Adolescent Development

In this article, we summarize: (a) the arguments linking participation in structured leisure activities to positive youth development, (b) our findings on the association of extracurricular activity involvement with both educational and risky behavior outcomes during adolescence and young adulthood, and (c) our findings regarding possible mediating mechanisms of these associations. Participants in most extracurricular activities achieved better educational outcomes than non-participants even after controlling for social class, gender, and intellectual aptitude. Participation in service and religious activities predicted lower rates of drinking and drug use. Participation on school sports teams predicted both better educational outcomes and higher rates of drinking. The mediating mechanisms we discuss relate to identity formation, peer group membership, and attachment to non-familial adults.
Perceptual representations of phonotactically illegal syllables

Listeners often categorize phonotactically illegal sequences (e.g., /dla/ in English) as phonemically similar legal ones (e.g., /gla/). In an earlier investigation of such an effect in Japanese, Dehaene-Lambertz, Dupoux, and Gout (2000) did not observe a mismatch negativity in response to deviant, illegal sequences, and therefore argued that phonotactics constrain early perceptual processing. In the present study, using a priming paradigm, we compared the event-related potentials elicited by Legal targets (e.g., /gla/) preceded by (1) phonemically distinct Control primes (e.g., /kla/), (2) different tokens of Identity primes (e.g., /gla/), and (3) phonotactically Illegal Test primes (e.g., /dla/). Targets elicited a larger positivity 200–350 ms after onset when preceded by Illegal Test primes or phonemically distinct Control primes, as compared to Identity primes. Later portions of the waveforms (350–600 ms) did not differ for targets preceded by Identity and Illegal Test primes, and the similarity ratings also did not differ in these conditions. These data support a model of speech perception in which veridical representations of phoneme sequences are not only generated during processing, but also are maintained in a manner that affects perceptual processing of subsequent speech sounds.
Acetylene reduction (N2-fixation) in soil and old field succession in central Oklahoma

Abstract The N 2 -fixing activities of two old field successional plots (P 1 —pioneer weed stage, P 2 —annual grass stage) and one prairie site ( P 2 ) were estimated using the C 2 H 2 reduction assay. Fresh soil samples generally had very low activity. The average p moles C 2 H 4 .g soil −1 .h −1 for each site was P 1 , 23; P 2 , 15; P 3 , 83. Statistical comparisons were made between C 2 H 2 reduction and soil moisture, soil temperature, numbers of Azotobacter . g −1 , and numbers of blue green algae, g −1 . The population size of the blue green algae was highly correlated ( r = 0.735) with C 2 H 2 -reduction in p 2 soils but not with P 2 or P 3 soils. N 2 -fixing organisms isolated from the soils were Azotobacter chroococcum, Enterobacter aerotgenes, Clostridium sp., Nostoc sp., and Anabaena sp. Numbers of blue green algae decreased whereas numbers of Azotobacter increased through the successional stages. It was inferred that the anaerobic forms progressively increased in numbers through the successional stages. Selected phenolic acids, ferulic, sinapic, p -coumaric, vanillic, gallic, ellagic, and chlorogenic were found to be most inhibitory to E. aerogenes and least inhibitory to Clostridium sp. The data support a prior hypothesis that relates the longevity of the P 2 seral stage to a biological suppression of the accumulation of soil N.
Comparison of the Flutter Device to Standard Chest Physiotherapy in Hospitalized Patients With Cystic Fibrosis : A Pilot Study

Study objective A preliminary study comparing the efficacy and safety of the flutter device (Flutter) to standard, manual chest physiotherapy (CPT) in hospitalized cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergoing an acute pulmonary exacerbation. Design Open label, comparative trial with alternate assignment. Setting Community and childrens’ hospital acute-care wards. Participants Twenty-two CF patients (ages 8 to 44 years) undergoing a total of 33 hospitalizations for acute pulmonary exacerbation. Interventions Complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done at baseline (admission), weekly, and upon discharge from the hospital. Clinical score (CS) was determined at the time of hospital admission and at discharge. Participants were assigned to receive supervised Flutter therapy or standard, manual CPT four times per day during the hospitalization. Patients were monitored for complications, including hemoptysis, hypoxemia, and pneumothorax. Results The groups (CPT and Flutter) did not differ at baseline in demographics or Shwachman score, nor was length of hospitalization different. Significant improvements were noted from admission to discharge in CS and PFT results within each group. Mean percent change in CS and PFT results between CPT and Flutter groups showed no significant difference from hospital admission to discharge. Subsequent power analysis using the observed difference in percent change from admission to discharge for FEV 1 indicated that to attain 80% power at α = 0.05, a sample of 219 subjects in each group would be necessary. Summary Comparative trials of airway clearance techniques with sufficient sample size are lacking. Although the Flutter appears to be a useful device for independent, cost-effective, and safe administration of CPT in this pilot study, a much larger clinical trial would be necessary to make definitive conclusions.
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor down regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase production in intestinal epithelial cells.

We have previously shown that heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) from necrosis and apoptosis in vitro and from intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo; however, the mechanisms of HB-EGF cytoprotection are unclear. Overproduction of iNOS and NO have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of ischemia/reperfusion injury. We therefore studied whether HB-EGF could down-regulate proinflammatory cytokine-induced iNOS and NO production in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. DLD-1 human intestinal epithelial cells were exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (20 ng/ml) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (10 ng/ml) to stimulate iNOS induction and NO production. Cells were treated with HB-EGF (0–100 ng/ml) either before or with cytokine exposure, and cells and supernatants were harvested 24 and 48 h later. Accumulated NO was measured in supernatants by chemiluminescence. Total RNA was extracted from cell lysates for iNOS mRNA quantification using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and total protein was extracted from cell lysates for detection of iNOS protein. HB-EGF significantly decreased cytokine-induced NO production in a dose dependent manner, and NO reduction was associated with iNOS suppression at both the mRNA and protein levels. While cytokine exposure resulted in a significant increase in iNOS mRNA expression in these cells (109 ± 9 fold), HB-EGF reduced iNOS expression by 5.7-fold (P < 0.05). These results suggest that HB-EGF may exert its cytoprotective effects, in part, by down-regulating iNOS and NO production, and provides further rationale for additional testing of the effects of HB-EGF in the treatment of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo.
Spatially augmented LPboosting for AD classification with evaluations on the ADNI dataset.

Structural and functional brain images are playing an important role in helping us understand the changes associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent efforts have now started investigating their utility for diagnosis purposes. This line of research has shown promising results where methods from machine learning (such as Support Vector Machines) have been used to identify AD-related patterns from images, for use in diagnosing new individual subjects. In this paper, we propose a new framework for AD classification which makes use of the Linear Program (LP) boosting with novel additional regularization based on spatial “smoothness” in 3D image coordinate spaces. The algorithm formalizes the expectation that since the examples for training the classifier are images, the voxels eventually selected for specifying the decision boundary must constitute spatially contiguous chunks, i.e., “regions” must be preferred over isolated voxels. This prior belief turns out to be useful for significantly reducing the space of possible classifiers and leads to substantial benefits in generalization. In our method, the requirement of spatial contiguity (of selected discriminating voxels) is incorporated within the optimization framework directly. Other methods have made use of similar biases as a pre- or post-processing step, however, our model incorporates this emphasis on spatial smoothness directly into the learning step. We report on extensive evaluations of our algorithm on MR and FDG-PET images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, and discuss the relationship of the classification output with the clinical and cognitive biomarker data available within ADNI.
SEE and TID Response of Spansion 512Mb NOR Flash Memory

Single event effect (SEE) and total ionizing dose (TID) response for Spansion 512Mb NOR flash memory are reported. Three SEE phenomena were investigated: single event upsets (SEUs), single event functional interrupts (SEFIs), and high current events. TID measurements were performed in two modes: Erase/Program/Read and Read Only.
A Semicoherent Detection and Doppler Estimation Statistic

Consider a uniform train of M coherent short pulses transmitted by a radar and received with a Doppler shift. When thermal noise is present, let the mth sample of the return at the video be represented by the complex process Zm. A novel detection and Doppler estimation criterion is analyzed which depends on the semicoherent statistic \begin{equation*}{Z_{K}}^\prime = \sum_{m=k+1}^{M} {^{z}m^{z}m-k}^{ *}\end{equation*} where the asterisk stands for complex conjugate. Its characteristics are also studied when the real and imaginary parts of Zm are digitized to one bit.
The evolution of a failed interpretation

Descriptions of clinical work tend toward the linear thus omitting the shifting intricacies of the known and the unknown inherent in the work. This essay, both in its form and its content, attempts to capture more closely the often kaleidoscopic complexity of the lived experience of the analytic process. The paper describes the emergence of multilayered transference—countertransference contributions to a single moment in clinical time.
Successional Mosquito Dynamics in Surrogate Treehole and Ground-Container Habitats in the Northeastern United States: Where Does Aedes albopictus Fit in?

This study assessed the risk of larval displacement of the eastern treehole mosquito, Aedes triseriatus, and the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, by Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, during the establishment and successional stages of novel larval mosquito treehole and ground-container habitats in the state of New Jersey, U.S.A. Culex pipiens and Culex restuans were the first mosquito species to colonize ground-container habitats and were the dominant larval species throughout the study period, whereas Ae. albopictus was late to colonize ground habitats and accounted for less than 15% of weekly larval collections once established. Ae. albopictus had a much stronger community presence within treehole ovitraps; however, Ae. albopictus never reached the average larval densities of the expected primary colonizer, Ae. triseriatus. Throughout the study period, the weekly abundances of Ae. triseriatus and Ae. albopictus were positively correlated and there were no significant differences between the abundances of each species. The larval dominance of Ae. triseriatus appears to be enhanced by the presence of Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, a large predatory mosquito species. When Tx. rut. septentrionalis was present, mature larvae (3 rd -4 th instar) of Ae. albopictus were also present in only 16.7% of collections, whereas mature larvae of Ae. triseriatus were collected concurrently with Tx. rut. septentrionalis in 53.8% of collections. These data suggest that Ae. triseriatus is at a greater risk of displacement by Ae. albopictus than are Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans. Journal
Caring as a Managerial Strategy

The purpose of this article is to broaden the discourse about caring as a managerial strategy by describing caring from three perspectives: nursing, education, and management. The authors suggest t...
The Effects of Power Properties on Conflict Resolution

The article discusses a conflict resolution model that is based on a power paradigm. The social power properties—which produce distinct influences and behavioral states that impact the outcome of organizational transactions—are dependency and availability of alternatives (A/A). Combinations of A/A and asymmetrical or symmetrical dependency balance (DB) are the power properties which lead to rebellious, dominant, docile, benevolent, competitive, or cooperative behavior states and result in the conflict resolution modes of suppression, submission, control, conformity, win/lose, coercive, and integrative/compromise.
STE16, a new gene required for pheromone production by a cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Genes required for mating by a and α cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (STE, "sterile," genes) encode products such as peptide pheromones, pheromone receptors, and proteins responsible for pheromone processing. a-specific STE genes are those required for mating by a cells but not by α cells. To identify new a-specific STE genes, we have employed a novel strategy that enabled us to determine if a ste mutant defective in mating as a is also defective in mating as α without the need to do crosses. This technique involved a strain (K12-14b) of genotype mata 1 HMLα HMRα sir3ts, which mates as a at 25° and as α at 34°. We screened over 40,000 mutagenized colonies derived from K12-14b and obtained 28 a-specific ste mutants. These strains contained mutations in three known a-specific genes— STE2, STE6 and STE14—and in a new gene, STE16. ste16 mutants are defective in the production of the pheromone, a-factor, and exhibit slow growth. Based on the distribution of a-specific ste mutants described here, we infer that we have identified most if not all nonessential genes that can give rise to a-specific mating defects.
Synthesis and characterization of perovskite PbTiO3 nanoparticles with solution processability

Ferroelectrics with perovskite structure (ABO3), for example, lead titanate (PbTiO3), are the most studied ferroelectric oxides because of their versatile properties for use in thin film capacitors, electronic transducers, actuators, high-k dielectrics, pyroelectric sensors, and nonlinear optics. The studies on nanostructured PbTiO3 are limited, mainly due to the lack of facile synthetic techniques to prepare nano-sized PbTiO3, i.e., colloidal PbTiO3 nanoparticles. Herein, we presented a novel nonaqueous, relatively low temperature, and highly scalable route to PbTiO3 nanoparticles. The use of oleic acid as surface capping ligand provides nanoparticles with good solubility in organic solvents, thereby enabling the low-cost solution based processing. Rather than the use of expensive bimetallic alkoxide precursors, common chemicals were utilized in this non-hydrolytic thermal decomposition approach; moreover, there is no need for extremely high temperature and long reaction time, making it possible for the large scale synthesis.
A color projection for fast generic target tracking

We present a piecewise linear projection of the 3D color space that greatly reduces the computations required for using color information for robot vision tasks which we call categorical color. This 24-bit to 6-bit projection is inspired by the way humans name colors. This projection is developed to provide generic target tracking in real-time. A generic target in our system is defined by a user selecting a distinctive object in the window of a color image. The system has no a priori models of object shapes or colors. Therefore, the generic target tracking must perform robustly, in real time, using only the initial example appearance of the target object. To evaluate the performance of our piecewise linear projection on the task of generic target tracking, we compare similar RGB, intensity, and categorical color algorithms. Rather than simply observing the located target, we have developed a quantitative method for evaluating generic target tracking algorithms. By using this procedure, we show that categorical color is a better feature for generic tracking than RGB and gray-level.
Semantic differential repair for input validation and sanitization

Correct validation and sanitization of user input is crucial in web applications for avoiding security vulnerabilities and erroneous application behavior. We present an automated differential repair technique for input validation and sanitization functions. Differential repair can be used within an application to repair client and server-side code with respect to each other, or across applications in order to strengthen the validation and sanitization checks. Given a reference and a target function, our differential repair technique strengthens the validation and sanitization operations in the target function based on the reference function. It does this by synthesizing three patches: a validation, a length, and a sanitization patch. Our automated patch synthesis algorithms are based on forward and backward symbolic string analyses that use automata as a symbolic representation. Composition of the three automatically synthesized patches with the original target function results in the repaired function, which provides stronger validation and sanitization than both the target and the reference functions.
Amorphous Ge x Si 1-x O y :H Microbolometers with High Responsivity

In current work, we report the design, fabrication and characterization of a-Ge0.85Si0.15O0.0236:H microbolometers. A sandwich structure of silicon nitride-silicon germanium oxide-silicon nitride was used to form the sensing layer. Due to moderately high resistivity of a-Ge0.85Si0.15O0.0236 layer, the current flow through the sensing layer was made vertically and through the absorber layer laterally. Forming gas passivation was done at 250degC to reduce the 1/f-noise. A high responsivity of 1.05 times 104 V/W along with a high temperature coefficient of resistance of -4.8%/K was obtained at room temperature and in vacuum from a 40 mum times 40 mum pixel. The lowest value of thermal conductance achieved was 4 times 10-8 W/K.
Understanding Professional Service Expectations: Do We Know What Our Students Expect in a Quality Education?

ABSTRACT Service quality continues to grow in importance in the marketing literature. One area, however, that has been relatively neglected is educational services. The present study, utilizing 686 business students and 13 professors across three university types, was designed to examine service expectations from both student and professor perspectives. Results indicate that student expectations of university services are greater than those of professors, and that these expectations vary by university type. Implications for university administrators and faculty, along with future directions, are discussed.