cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does a diet high in corn oil lower LDL cholesterol levels in women via an effect on LDL receptor activity

Abstract To determine if a high intake of corn oil alters LDL receptor activity, a model emphasizing freshly isolated mononuclear cells (MNC) was used with 12 women consuming 40 energy% fat diets based on corn oil or butter in a randomized crossover design. Each phase included 1 week of a prescribed but selfselected high saturated fat (SFA) diet at home followed by 4 weeks of a designated fat-based diet consumed in a metabolic kitchen. There was a 7-week washout period between phases. LDL degradation through and binding to LDL receptors were 63 and 100% higher, respectively, on the corn oil diet than the butter diet ( P r = −0.4 to −0.6). Compared with the butter group, total unsaturated and saturated fatty acid contents of MNC were 166% higher and 150% lower, respectively, in the corn oil group. Changes in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and receptor-mediated LDL degradation were associated ( r = −0.6 and 0.6, respectively). These findings suggest that the change in fatty acid composition in MNC may enhance the LDL receptor-mediated pathway. Receptor-mediated LDL degradation may account for only part of the effect of corn oil on serum LDL cholesterol concentrations in healthy women.
Systems biology discoveries using non-human primate pluripotent stem and germ cells: novel gene and genomic imprinting interactions as well as unique expression patterns

The study of pluripotent stem cells has generated much interest in both biology and medicine. Understanding the fundamentals of biological decisions, including what permits a cell to maintain pluripotency, that is, its ability to self-renew and thereby remain immortal, or to differentiate into multiple types of cells, is of profound importance. For clinical applications, pluripotent cells, including both embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, have been proposed for cell replacement therapy for a number of human diseases and disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, spinal cord injury and diabetes. One challenge in their usage for such therapies is understanding the mechanisms that allow the maintenance of pluripotency and controlling the specific differentiation into required functional target cells. Because of regulatory restrictions and biological feasibilities, there are many crucial investigations that are just impossible to perform using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from humans (for example, direct comparisons among panels of inbred embryonic stem cells from prime embryos obtained from pedigreed and fertile donors; genomic analysis of parent versus progeny PSCs and their identical differentiated tissues; intraspecific chimera analyses for pluripotency testing; and so on). However, PSCs from nonhuman primates are being investigated to bridge these knowledge gaps between discoveries in mice and vital information necessary for appropriate clinical evaluations. In this review, we consider the mRNAs and novel genes with unique expression and imprinting patterns that were discovered using systems biology approaches with primate pluripotent stem and germ cells.
Pathloss-aided closed loop transmit power control for 3G UTRA TDD

In 3G UTRA TDD, closed loop power control is used as an inner loop power control technique for downlink DPCHs (dedicated physical channels) in the 3.84 Mcps option, and both uplink and downlink DPCHs in the 1.28 Mcps option. In the current closed loop power control, transmit power is generally updated at the frame sub-frame rate, using a semi-static step size (1,2, or 3 dB). Such a slow transmit power update by a given step size may not be enough to cope with dynamically changing environments, so that the performance of the closed loop power control is degraded. In this paper, we propose an enhanced closed loop power control technique for UTRA TDD, which adapts the step size according to relative pathloss (or power) measurements at the transmitter side. We show that the link-level performance of the proposed power control can be significantly better than the existing closed loop power control. The largest gains are obtained for slow and moderate fading channels.
The Performance of a Computerized System for Control of Broiler-House Environment

Abstract A low-cost computer was adapted to measure temperature and control brooder stoves and ventilation fans. A computer program was developed to describe mathematically and control the parameters required to maintain the required temperature and relative humidity (RH) to brood and grow broiler chickens. The system operated a poultry house used to grow broiler chickens during the 1984 January-February period in Mississippi. Mean daily temperature during the 45-day growing period was maintained to within ± 1 C; average RH within the house was 58%. Fuel consumption was 149 liters of liquified petroleum gas per 1000 chickens.
Oxygen Utilization During Surface-Induced Deep Hypothermia

Abstract Oxygen utilization during surface-induced deep hypothermia under ether anesthesia and respiratory alkalosis, with and without 30 minutes of circulatory arrest, was studied in 12 dogs. Oxygen consumption and saturation, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Po 2 , Pco 2 , and pH of arterial and mixed venous blood were measured, and oxygen content, arteriovenous oxygen differences, and cardiac output were calculated. There were slightly decreased but persistent arteriovenous oxygen differences during cooling until low cardiac output developed around 18°C., which would suggest continued unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin despite the presence of severe alkalosis. The oxygen debt developed during total circulatory occlusion or from low cardiac output was repaid in the early rewarming period when circulation was reestablished. Venous Po 2 became progressively lower below 25°C. Tissue oxygen uptake is presumably accomplished by lowering tissue oxygen tension, but this drop apparently does not grossly impair tissue function since all dogs tolerated the procedure well and are long-term survivors.
Frequency-encoding Thr17 Phospholamban Phosphorylation Is Independent of Ser16 Phosphorylation in Cardiac Myocytes *

Abstract Both Ser16 and Thr17 of phospholamban (PLB) are phosphorylated, respectively, by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). PLB phosphorylation relieves cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump from inhibition by PLB. Previous studies have suggested that phosphorylation of Ser16 by PKA is a prerequisite for Thr17 phosphorylation by CaMKII and is essential to the relaxant effect of β-adrenergic stimulation. To determine the role of Thr17 PLB phosphorylation, we investigated the dual-site phosphorylation of PLB in isolated adult rat cardiac myocytes in response to β1-adrenergic stimulation or electrical field stimulation (0.1–3 Hz) or both. A β1-adrenergic agonist, norepinephrine (10−9–10−6 m), in the presence of an α1-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin (10−6 m), selectively increases the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of PLB at Ser16in quiescent myocytes. In contrast, electrical pacing induces an opposite phosphorylation pattern, selectively enhancing the CaMKII-mediated Thr17 PLB phosphorylation in a frequency-dependent manner. When combined, electric stimulation (2 Hz) and β1-adrenergic stimulation lead to dual phosphorylation of PLB and exert a synergistic effect on phosphorylation of Thr17 but not Ser16. Frequency-dependent Thr17 phosphorylation is closely correlated with a decrease in 50% relaxation time (t 50) of cell contraction, which is independent of, but additive to, the relaxant effect of Ser16phosphorylation, resulting in hastened contractile relaxation at high stimulation frequencies. Thus, we conclude that in intact cardiac myocytes, phosphorylation of PLB at Thr17 occurs in the absence of prior Ser16 phosphorylation, and that frequencydependent Thr17 PLB phosphorylation may provide an intrinsic mechanism for cardiac myocytes to adapt to a sudden change of heart rate.
Fuzzy rule-based networks for control

The authors present a method for learning fuzzy logic membership functions and rules to approximate a numerical function from a set of examples of the function's independent variables and the resulting function value. This method uses a three-step approach to building a complete function approximation system: first, learning the membership functions and creating a cell-based rule representation; second, simplifying the cell-based rules using an information-theoretic approach for induction of rules from discrete-valued data; and, finally, constructing a computational (neural) network to compute the function value given its independent variables. This function approximation system is demonstrated with a simple control example: learning the truck and trailer backer-upper control system. >
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions of Cold Spin-Polarized 133 Cs Atoms

We present theoretical calculations of thermally averaged elastic cross sections and spin-relaxation rate coefficients in the temperature range 0.1 to 300 mK for magnetically trapped, doubly polarized cesium atoms. The calculations reproduce the recent experimental results of Arndt et al. (1997) and Soding et al. (1998) for cases where the aSu ground state potential of Cs2 possesses a large scattering length (jA3j . 35 nm) and the magnitude of the second-order spin-orbit interaction is scaled to reproduce room temperature scattering data. [S0031-9007(98)06865-3]
Image enhancement based on fuzzy logic

We propose a fuzzy rule-based approach to image enhancement to address its seemingly conflicting goals: (a) removing impulse noise, (b) smoothing out nonimpulse noise, and (c) enhancing edges or certain other salient features. Three different filters for each task are derived using the weighted least mean squared method. Criteria for selecting each filter are defined. The criteria are based on the local context as well as the particular situation. They constitute the antecedent clauses of the fuzzy rules, and the corresponding filters constitute the consequent clauses of the fuzzy rules. The overall result of the fuzzy rule-based system is computed as the combination of the results of the individual filters, where each result contributes to the degree that the corresponding antecedent clause is satisfied. This approach gives us a powerful and flexible image enhancement paradigm. Experimental results are presented.
A new methodology for isolating and diagnosing inconsistencies in image matching, as applied to the analysis of 2-D electrophoretic gels

An image comparison algorithm employing a new notion of match consistency has been developed for the application of mutation detection on images of two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. The application requires a very high degree of accuracy in image comparison due to the rareness of mutation. The image comparison algorithm achieves high accuracy through monitoring, isolating and diagnosing inconsistencies in the matching process. The methodology is based on algorithms for monitoring symmetry relations between match hypothesis made during the course of processing. Algorithms are given which explore violations of the basic symmetry relation. Diagnostic procedures partition symmetry violations into classes that are identified with the failure of certain essential heuristics within the comparison algorithm. This methodology provides the basis for understanding and overcoming the limitations of these heuristics in order to achieve higher accuracy. >
Positive Polarity Effects on 16-Wire Cylindrical Z-Pinches

Summary form only given. The Cornell University COBRA pulser is a nominal 1 MA, 1 MV machine, capable of driving upto 8 wire cylindrical Z pinches. COBRA operates normally in negative polarity, with the driving capacitors charged negative with respect to machine ground. This in turn normally establishes the polarity of the array to be negative with respect to the grounded return conductors that are symmetrically located outside of the array radius. A bolt-on convolute can be arranged to establish the negative array potential described above. This will be referred to as the "negative polarity" configuration, and in this case the electric field lines terminate on the wires of the array, a condition favorable for generating electron field emission. If a section of the convolute is rotated, then one end of the array is attached to machine ground, and one end of each of the return conductors, still outside the radius of the array, is connected to the negative machine potential. The electric field lines in this configuration originate on the wires of the array, and this is referred to as the "positive polarity" configuration. Data were collected on 8-wire 12.5 in aluminum Z-pinches in both polarities. Time dependent X-ray signals were measured using diodes and diamond detectors. A 6 ns pulsed laser was used as a back lighter to obtain images that were time-stepped through the evolution of the pinch. Pinches in positive polarity showed an increase in the power and total energy of the soft X-rays, and a decrease in the power and total energy of the emitted hard X-rays as compared to negative polarity pinches. Initial observations indicated that the pinch column in positive polarity began to form earlier than in negative polarity, and the structure of the imploding material was shown to be drastically different for the two polarity configurations
An approach to Distributed Virtual Environment performance modeling: Addressing system complexity and user behavior

Distributed Virtual Environment systems are complex systems that include graphics, physical simulation, and networked state synchronization. The system performance depends on all these components balancing the load and while sharing available computational, graphic, and network resources. We present an approach to analysis of the load balance of load and resource usage.
Role of Surfactant Molecules in Post-CMP Cleaning

In order to understand the effects of surfactant molecules on post-chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) cleaning, we used a tribology setup to simulate the cleaning process. An anionic surfactant (alcohol ether sulfates) was used during cleaning. Effects of surfactant concentration (below and above its critical micelles concentration) and temperature on cleaning were experimentally tested. Results showed that increase in surfactant concentration (over 0.75 wt %) can promote bilayer interaction of micelles on the hydrophilic particles. An interactive explanation of surface molecules with the wafer surface and the role of nanoparticles through friction is discussed. This understanding serves as a guideline to achieve effective particle removal for microelectronic industries.
Finding pathway-modulating genes from a novel Ontology Fingerprint-derived gene network

To enhance our knowledge regarding biological pathway regulation, we took an integrated approach, using the biomedical literature, ontologies, network analyses and experimental investigation to infer novel genes that could modulate biological pathways. We first constructed a novel gene network via a pairwise comparison of all yeast genes' Ontology Fingerprints--a set of Gene Ontology terms overrepresented in the PubMed abstracts linked to a gene along with those terms' corresponding enrichment P-values. The network was further refined using a Bayesian hierarchical model to identify novel genes that could potentially influence the pathway activities. We applied this method to the sphingolipid pathway in yeast and found that many top-ranked genes indeed displayed altered sphingolipid pathway functions, initially measured by their sensitivity to myriocin, an inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Further experiments confirmed the modulation of the sphingolipid pathway by one of these genes, PFA4, encoding a palmitoyl transferase. Comparative analysis showed that few of these novel genes could be discovered by other existing methods. Our novel gene network provides a unique and comprehensive resource to study pathway modulations and systems biology in general.
Glucose Monitoring of the Diabetic Patient

The use of home glucose monitoring products is increasing. The pharmacist can make an important contribution to the diabetic patient's care by becoming knowledgeable about the many monitoring products available and by providing a structured diabetes management program for his or her patients. This article will discuss the many products available for home blood glucose monitoring and the pharmacist's role in diabetic patient monitoring.
Life cycle emissions and cost model for urban light duty vehicles

The growth of vehicle sales and use internationally requires the consumption of significant quantities of energy and materials, and contributes to the deterioration of air-quality and climate conditions. Advanced propulsion systems and electric drive vehicles have substantially different characteristics and impacts. They require life cycle assessments and detailed comparisons with gasoline powered vehicles which, in turn, should lead to critical updates of traditional models and assumptions. For a comprehensive comparison of advanced and traditional light duty vehicles, a model is developed that integrates external costs, including emissions and time losses, with societal and consumer life cycle costs. Life cycle emissions and time losses are converted into costs for seven urban light duty vehicles. The results, which are based on vehicle technology characteristics and transportation impacts on environment, facilitate vehicle comparisons and support policy making in transportation. Substantially, more sustainable urban transportation can be achieved in the short-term by promoting policies that increase vehicle occupancy; in the intermediate-term by increasing the share of hybrid vehicles in the car market and in the long-term by the widespread use of electric vehicles. A sensitivity-analysis of life cost results revealed that vehicle costs change significantly for different geographical areas depending on vehicle taxation, pricing of gasoline, electric power and pollution. Current practices in carbon and air quality pricing favor oil and coal based technologies. However, increasing the cost of electricity from coal and other fossil fuels would increase the variable cost for electric vehicles, and tend to favor the variable cost of hybrid vehicles.
Evidence that members of the Cut/Cux/CDP family may be involved in AER positioning and polarizing activity during chick limb development.

In vertebrates, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a specialized epithelium localized at the dorsoventral boundary of the limb bud that regulates limb outgrowth. In Drosophila, the wing margin is also a specialized region located at the dorsoventral frontier of the wing imaginal disc. The wingless and Notch pathways have been implicated in positioning both the wing margin and the AER. One of the nuclear effectors of the Notch signal in the wing margin is the transcription factor cut. Here we report the identification of two chick homologues of the Cut/Cux/CDP family that are expressed in the developing limb bud. Chick cux1 is expressed in the ectoderm outside the AER, as well as around ridge-like structures induced by β-catenin, a downstream target of the Wnt pathway. cux1 overexpression in the chick limb results in scalloping of the AER and limb truncations, suggesting that Cux1 may have a role in limiting the position of the AER by preventing the ectodermal cells around it from differentiating into AER cells. The second molecule of the Cut family identified in this study, cux2, is expressed in the pre-limb lateral plate mesoderm, posterior limb bud and flank mesenchyme, a pattern reminiscent of the distribution of polarizing activity. The polarizing activity is determined by the ability of a certain region to induce digit duplications when grafted into the anterior margin of a host limb bud. Several manipulations of the chick limb bud show that cux2 expression is regulated by retinoic acid, Sonic hedgehog and the posterior AER. These results suggest that Cux2 may have a role in generating or mediating polarizing activity. Taking into account the probable involvement of Cut/Cux/CDP molecules in cell cycle regulation and differentiation, our results raise the hypothesis that chick Cux1 and Cux2 may act by modulating proliferation versus differentiation in the limb ectoderm and polarizing activity regions, respectively. SUMMARY
The Cell Surface: Receptors, Membrane Recycling and Signal Transduction

Whereas the previous chapter focused primarily on mass transport across the membrane, this chapter is largely concerned with the transfer of information across the bilayer. All cells need mechanisms to monitor their environment and to be able to respond to changes which occur. There is a myriad of specialized receptor molecules present in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacterial, plant, and animal cells which interact with extracytoplasmic components and elicit specific cellular responses. Some receptors bind to nutrients or metabolites, others to hormones or neurotransmitters, and still others are involved in cell-cell recognition and adhesion either to other cells or to insoluble matrix components in the environment. Most of the response systems involve a series of steps: (1) binding of a ligand or agonist to a receptor located outside the cell, (2) transmittal of the information concerning receptor occupancy to the inside of the cell, and (3) the cellular response, which can be further subdivided into primary and secondary responses. This is an extremely active area of research which, largely due to the increasing impact of molecular biology, is advancing at a startling rate. It is now becoming clear that numerous seemingly unrelated response systems are, in fact, quite closely related by underlying common features. Several families of sequence-related, homologous receptor proteins have been identified in which individual members each respond to different ligands and elicit unique cellular responses.
Medicaid Tobacco Cessation: Big Gaps Remain In Efforts To Get Smokers To Quit

Medicaid enrollees are about twice as likely as the general US population to smoke tobacco: 32 percent of people in the program identify themselves as smokers. This article provides the first data about the effectiveness of state Medicaid programs in promoting smoking cessation. Our analysis of Medicaid enrollees’ use of cessation medications found that about 10 percent of current smokers received cessation medications in 2013. Every state Medicaid program covers cessation benefits, but the use of these medications varies widely, with the rate in Minnesota being thirty times higher than that in Texas. Most states could increase their efforts to help smokers quit, working with public health agencies, managed care plans, and others. In 2013 Medicaid spent $103 million on cessation medications—less than 0.25 percent of the estimated cost to Medicaid of smoking-related diseases. Additionally, states that have not expanded Medicaid eligibility in the wake of the Affordable Care Act have higher smoking prevalen...
Limits on exotic fermions from E

We explore the limits that present experimental data and data expected from experiments in the near future can place on the properties of the new, light exotic fermions expected in E/sub 6/ grand unified theories. We find that the present limit on the width of the Z boson from UA2 can be used to put severe constraints on the masses of the neutral exotic fermions independently of whether they are Dirac or Majorana states. However, stricter limits are obtained in the Dirac case.
Behavioral Economists at the Gate: Antitrust in the 21st Century

Although tossed against the rocks elsewhere, the Law and Economics' rational choice theories, within the quiet waters of antitrust, stand largely unchallenged. Antitrust's economic theories, premised on 'rational' profit maximizing behavior, enjoy the deep slumber of a decided opinion. Although Post-Chicago School antitrust theories have developed, the Chicago School's rational choice theories still dominate. This article explores some possible paradoxes and anomalies with respect to antitrust's merger theories. It appears anecdotally that some corporate behavior is (or is not) occurring which is not readily explainable under the Chicago School's theories. It is an empirical question as to the degree the federal antitrust agencies, relying upon their Horizontal Merger Guidelines, are indeed accurately forecasting the likely competitive effects of mergers today. This article concludes with recommendations for specific legislation to improve the current state of antitrust policy. Today, the federal agencies devote considerable resources investigating ex ante the merger. But the agencies examine only half the picture, namely the state of competition in the few years leading up to the merger. Now it is time for the agencies to systematically review what actually happens post-merger. Close-call mergers would be revisited to determine if the agencies got it right. Empirically testing these Chicago School theories may reduce the likelihood of false negatives and positives in merger review, lead to more effective antitrust enforcement, increase transparency of the merger review process, make the agencies and their officials more accountable for their decisions, and perhaps temper the claims of partisanship in antitrust enforcement, which have increased over the past quarter century.
Master data management fundamental and integrated solution

The importance of data has been continuously increasing. Different business processes that organizations employed to run their businesses such as making critical business decisions or serving their customers depend on the data they have. With numerous sources from inside and outside organizations, the availability of data has become abundant and the variety of data increases the complexity.
Molecular features of cellular reprogramming and development

Differentiating somatic cells are progressively restricted to specialized functions during ontogeny, but they can be experimentally directed to form other cell types, including those with complete embryonic potential. Early nuclear reprogramming methods, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and cell fusion, posed significant technical hurdles to precise dissection of the regulatory programmes governing cell identity. However, the discovery of reprogramming by ectopic expression of a defined set of transcription factors, known as direct reprogramming, provided a tractable platform to uncover molecular characteristics of cellular specification and differentiation, cell type stability and pluripotency. We discuss the control and maintenance of cellular identity during developmental transitions as they have been studied using direct reprogramming, with an emphasis on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
There Is Nothing as Dangerous as a Bad Theory

This section introduces a paper by Sumantra Ghoshal published in this issue of the "Academy of Management Learning & Education," which argues that academic research related to the conduct of busine...
Fermi-liquid theory for thin arbitrarily polarized 3 He films

We study the thermodynamic response, effective masses, and collective excitations for thin (submonolayer) ${}^{3}$He films as a function of density and polarization using Fermi liquid theory. The Landau parameters ${f}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}},{f}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}},{f}^{\ensuremath{\downarrow}\ensuremath{\downarrow}}$ are obtained to quadratic order in the low-density $s$-wave and $p$-wave $T$-matrix interaction parameters. Values for the effective interaction components are determined by fitting zero-polarization experimental data for the cases of thin ${}^{3}$He films on graphite and also thin ${}^{3}$He films in surface states of thin superfluid ${}^{4}$He films. By fitting the interaction parameters, we can calculate the Landau parameters to all orders, and we show results for the behavior of ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{F}}_{\ensuremath{\ell}}^{\ensuremath{\uparrow}\ensuremath{\uparrow}}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{for}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\leqslant}30$. With knowledge of the Landau parameters we calculate the polarization dependence of the state-dependent effective masses, compressibility, spin susceptibility, and zero-sound spectra for the mobile submonolayer range of areal densities. Our results predict a dramatic decrease in the effective masses for ${}^{3}$He on graphite as a function of polarization at higher coverages. At fixed density, the compressibility is shown to decrease monotonically with increasing polarization. At small polarization the inverse spin susceptibility is largest for small density whereas at large polarization it is largest for large density. We show that zero sound will propagate at all densities and polarizations whereas spin zero sound does not propagate in these systems. The condition for thermodynamic stability in an arbitrarily polarized Fermi liquid film is derived and discussed. We show explicitly the Fermi surface distortion due to the presence of a zero-sound mode. A table of predicted values for the zero polarization Fermi liquid parameters ${F}_{0}^{\text{s}}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{and}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}{F}_{1}^{\text{a}}$ is provided.
Plant/ds revisited: non-homogeneous evaluation schema in expert systems

This paper describes several deficiencies of PLANT/ds, an expert system for the diagnosis of soybean diseases. This production system employs both human and machine derived rules. The rule application mechanism for both rule groups suffer from improper treatment of incomplete data. The problem is illustrated by several examples, and a solution is proposed. Implementation of a new version of PLANT on the empty expert system ADVISE is seen as the crux of future research.
Discussion in graduate online bioethics programs

In this paper, we explore best practices for asynchronous discussions in graduate online bioethics education. We explain that online approaches have advantages and challenges in contrast to in-person discussions. Online challenges are lack of visual or auditory cues and technical access. Advantages include extended opportunities for specific focus, thoughtful reflection, and critical review. We found no significant review of related best practices in bioethics. Our more general literature review of graduate education and online approaches, plus experience in our own bioethics graduate program, suggest provisional best practices that we detail. We reason that online graduate discussion provisionally should aim for a “community of inquiry” framework that incorporates cognitive, social, and teaching “presences,” as well as a learning presence. However, we also note unresolved concerns about whether the framework sufficiently addresses learning, is complete, and captures communicative functions. Drawing further on the literature, we also suggest best practices for instructor feedback to students about their discussion performance, including that remarks should be timely and specific. Summaries from two courses in our graduate bioethics program illustrate how we implement discussion strategies. Finally, we review assessment strategies and suggest that embedded formative assessments in discussion (i.e., instructor feedback, rubrics, etc.) support and demonstrate deeper learning. Limitations in generalizability include that our review targets asynchronous and text-based online discussion, our program assessments do not necessarily detail best practices, student expectations and approaches could be rather particular to our program, and specific bioethics content in principle could alter best practices.
School Setting Behavior That Characterizes Social Justice: An Empirical Approach to Illustrate the Concept

We used prototype theory to illustrate the concept of social justice in school settings, particularly as it might inform the education of school leaders. Using expert input, we developed descriptions of school setting actions predicted to be perceived as prototypical of social justice in education, as well as of actions that were predicted to be either peripheral or antithetical to the construct. Panels of (a) social justice education faculty and (b) students in social justice–oriented school leadership doctoral programs rated the extent to which each of these resulting 46 actions characterized social justice. Data were analyzed to map the concept.
Psychology and Poetics: J.C. Reil and Kleist's Prinz Friedrich von Homburg

(1973). Psychology and Poetics: J.C. Reil and Kleist's Prinz Friedrich von Homburg. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 21-34.
Secured formation control for multi-agent systems under DoS attacks

This paper proposes a secured formation control strategy that ensures acceptable operation of a multi-agent system in the presence of Denial of Service (DOS) attacks. We consider a team of autonomous agents whose mission is to cooperatively achieve and maintain formation by cyclic pursuit where each agent depends only on information from a single neighbor for mission completion. Agents communicate through a wireless interface that is susceptible to adversarial attacks. The attacker can target any number of communication links with the aim of corrupting information transmitted between agents disrupting their collective mission. The proposed secured formation control strategy is based on continuous on-line system identification. An Identified model of the multi-agent system is locally implemented alongside the actual system for each agent enabling agents retrieve their desired dynamic behavior in the presence of a DOS attack. The proposed technique is demonstrated through a laboratory experiment with a team of 5 pioneer 3DX robots.
Distinguishing styles of explosive eruptions at Erebus, Redoubt and Taupo volcanoes using multivariate analysis of ash morphometrics

Abstract The style and dynamics of volcanic eruptions control the level and type of hazards posed for local populations and can have a temporary long-range impact on climate if eruptions are extremely energetic. The purpose of this study is to provide a statistical approach to ash morphometrics in order to provide a means by which to evaluate diverse eruption styles and mechanisms of fragmentation. The methodology presented can be applied to tephra deposits worldwide and may aid volcanic hazard mitigation by better defining a volcano's history of explosive behavior. Ash-sized grains were collected from tephra deposits on Mount Erebus, Antarctica ( Discriminant analysis of all parameters was found to be the best at differentiating the tephra deposits and allowing for interpretation of eruptive styles in conjunction with field observations. A linear array of data forming a positive slope in factor space, which explains > 99% of the total data variance, is interpreted to represent a continuum between fragmentations involving water-magma interaction (“wet”) to grains that were formed predominately by magmatic (“dry”) fragmentation mechanisms. The Taupo Hatepe ash, which was deposited from a phreatoplinian eruption column, has the highest factor values in the array, which signifies, in part, more rectangular/blocky morphologies with smooth grain edges. Factor values for the 2009 Redoubt eruption (events 2–4) are nearly as high as Hatepe ash and based on this we suggest that it was produced, in part, by phreatomagmatic fragmentation. This is supported by field observations that document melting and eruption through glacial ice during the early phases of the 2009 activity. Redoubt ash grains from later stages of the same eruption (events 9–18) show a significant shift to lower values in factor space (more irregular/vesiculated grains) and are interpreted to be a consequence of ‘dryer’ conditions. Coarse ash data from Mount Erebus are completely separated from Taupo and Redoubt grains in factor space due primarily to the difference in mean gray value, which is a proxy for vesicle density and size. The vesicle characteristics (larger and deeper) are consistent with documented strombolian-style activity and the scatter in grain shape data support fragmentation by a mixture of wet and dry processes as has previously been proposed based on deposit characteristics and resemblance to tephra produced by current activity.
Community-Level Impacts of Management and Disturbance in Western Michigan Oak Savannas

Abstract Midwestern oak savanna systems are typically defined by their open canopy and the co-existence of scattered mature oak trees and a ground layer dominated by herbaceous vegetation. The structure of these systems is thought to be primarily maintained by disturbance such as fire. In this study we examined the plant community of 21 different oak savanna sites in western Lower Michigan, U.S.A., across a coarse disturbance gradient created by different management practices. Herbaceous community composition differed significantly across a variety of management approaches, while overall diversity remained similar. Indicator species analysis (ISA) identified several species commonly associated with mixed oak forest understories (e.g., Maianthemum canadense) as indicators for recently abandoned oak savanna sites, whereas the indicators identified for managed or heavily disturbed sites included common savanna-associates (e.g., Lupinus perennis). Variation in soil characteristics (C:N ratio and pH) and canop...
Navigating the Cultural Divide: Islam, Gender, and the Integration of Somali Immigrants

This article explores gender notions and practices among American-Somalis in Columbus, Ohio. Theorists have disputed whether original or new culture should influence immigrants’ evolving identities. Interviews with thirty-eight immigrants revealed a more decisive third mode of discourse that seems to transcend the two cultural ends—namely, Islam. Participants invoke Islam to justify adopting new gender arrangements demanded by new circumstances. In other cases they cite Islam to legitimize severing ties with customs perceived as unsavory in the original culture.This middle way between homogenizing assimilation and compartmentalizing pluralism is based on economic pressures and on rediscovering/rereading Islamic texts, emancipated from older interpretations. Doing so, participants distance themselves from aspects of the original culture while reframing cherished elements of the new culture as “Islamic”. For them, Islam facilitates transcultural integration, enabling hybrid identities and behavioral patterns to coexist, and creating dynamic, novel, and genuinely cross-civilizational representations of “modern” community and agency.
Proposal for a Structured Reporting System for Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted PET Imaging: PSMA-RADS Version 1.0.

See an invited perspective on this article on page [466][1]. As medical imaging has grown progressively more complicated and subspecialized in recent decades, several standardized reporting systems have been proposed for a variety of imaging modalities and conditions. These include reporting and
Reactivity of Fe3 and Ru3 μ3-phenylimido clusters with alkynes, allene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene

The reactivity of alkynes with the imido clusters Ru{sub 3}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh){sub 2}(CO){sub 9}, H{sub 2}Ru{sub 3}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh)(CO){sub 9}, Fe{sub 3}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh)(CO){sub 10}, Fe{sub 3}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh){sub 2}(CO){sub 9}, and H{sub 2}Fe{sub e}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh)(CO){sub 9} has been examined. The cluster Fe{sub 3}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh)(CO){sub 10} reacts regiospecifically with a series of alkynes to form the binuclear ferrapyrrolinone complexes Fe{sub 2}({mu}{sub 2}-{eta}{sup 3}-RC{double bond}C(R{prime})C(O)NPh)(CO){sub 6}, possessing a metallacycle formed by coupling of the alkyne with CO and the imido ligand. The bis(imido) cluster Ru{sub 3}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh){sub 2}(CO){sub 9} reacts with PhC{triple bond}CPh to form the tetranuclear cluster Ru{sub 4}({mu}{sub 3}-NPh){sub 2}({eta}{sup 2}-{mu}{sub 2}-PhC{triple bond}CPh)(CO){sub 10}, which has been crystallographically shown to possess a butterfly arrangement of the four ruthenium atoms with the alkyne bridging the hinge of the butterfly in a perpendicular fashion and with the imido ligands bridging the open triangular faces of the butterfly.
Microgravity modulation of syncytin-A expression enhance osteoclast formation.

Microgravity (μXg) experienced by astronauts during space flights causes accelerated bone loss. However, the molecular basis of μXg induced bone loss in space is unclear. Osteoclast (OCL) is the primary bone-resorbing cell. We previously demonstrated that simulated μXg promotes OCL formation. In this study, we identified that μXg induces syncytin-A expression in RAW264.7 preosteoclast cells without RANKL stimulation. We further tested the effect of osteotropic factors such as CXCL5 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 to regulate the syncytin-A expression in preosteoclast cells subjected to μXg compared to ground based (Xg) cultures. CXCL5 (25 ng/mL) and 1,25(OH)2 D3 (10 ng/mL) increased syncytin-A expression under Xg conditions. However, μXg alone upregulates syncytin-A expression compared to Xg control preosteoclast cells. Confocal microscopy using Lyso-Tracker identified syncytin-A expression co-localized with lysosomes in preosteoclast cells. Acridine orange staining showed RANKL elevated autophagy activity in these cells. Further, siRNA suppression of syncytin-A significantly inhibits autophagy activity in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, knockdown of syncytin-A expression inhibits μXg increased OCL formation in mouse bone marrow cultures. Thus, our findings suggest that targeting syncytin-A expression may be an effective countermeasure to control bone loss under microgravity conditions.
Models: Micro-Macro

The problem of relating mechanical response of materials to their microstructure is common to many areas. It is relevant in mechanics of polycrystalline, granular (and other type) media, in problems of effective moduli and problems of crack propagation and damage formation/evolution. We thus have seven papers in this session. In the following, rather than providing here a review of each of these papers, we give a discussion of salient features and techniques common to various disciplines that these papers represent. This is accompanied by an account of state of the art and future challenges in micromechanics. It is hoped that the reader will see potential applications in study of other types of materials, e.g. cellular, fibrous, biological.
The Abstract Interpolation Problem and Commutant Lifting: A Coordinate-free Approach

We present a coordinate-free formulation of the Abstract Interpolation Problem introduced by Katsnelson, Kheifets and Yuditskii in an abstract scattering theory framework. We also show how the commutant lifting theorem fits into this new formulation of the Abstract Interpolation Problem, giving a coordinate-free version of a result of Kupin.
Teacher Competencies for Rural Special Educators: Implications for Special (Adapted) Physical Education:

Rural special education programs present a unique set of circumstances. This article discusses research findings regarding competencies suggested for special education and special (adapted) physica...
Writing from Text in Eight Middle School Learning Support Classrooms: Ascertaining Aspects of Intensive Intervention

The effects of self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) for reading and writing, when delivered by eight special education teachers in middle school learning support classrooms, were examined in a quasi-experimental study. Results indicated that students, 75% with learning disabilities, who received treatment improved performance with small effects on written and oral retelling, and on a standardized reading test. Recommendations for strengthening the intensity of the intervention are suggested in the context of implications for research and practice. Subscribe to LDMJ
Mitogenome analysis of a green tide forming Ulva from California, USA confirms its identity as Ulva expansa (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta).

An unknown species of marine sea lettuce was observed forming green tides consecutive years from 2014 to 2016 in Seaside, California. This Ulva sp. was similar in thallus size and shape to U. expansa. To confirm this identification, whole genome sequencing was performed on the bloom-forming species of Ulva and the holotype specimen of U. expansa. The complete green tide Ulva mitogenome is 64,143 bp in length, contains 65 genes, and displays high gene synteny with U. pertusa Kjellman. The mitogenome was incomplete for the holotype of U. expansa, but the analysis yielded the mitoexome, plastid, and nuclear genetic markers. These data verify that the native U. expansa is responsible for the blooms in central California.
Abstract 332: Dissecting Mechanisms for Hand2-Dependent Pacemaker Cell Reprogramming

Direct reprogramming of one cell type into another has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and lineage specification. Currently, the conversion of f...
Self-Powered 24-GHz Doppler Radar for Building Entrance Monitoring Using Cross Correlation and Envelope Detection

A 24-GHz Doppler radar self-powered by solar energy was designed, fabricated and tested for building entrance monitoring. The implemented RF board includes two $4\times 4$ patch arrays, a voltage-controlled oscillator, two low noise amplifiers, and a six-port structure. The solar energy harvesting system has a fractional open-circuit voltage maximum power point tracking circuit, a boost charger controller, two $90\mathrm{mm}\times 5\mathrm{mm}\times 3\mathrm{mm}(\mathrm{L}\times \mathrm{W}\times \mathrm{D})$ 200 mW solar panels, and a main and backup battery. Moreover, a crosscorrelation method to detect activity in the radar range and a novel envelope detection method to determine the target walking direction were developed and tested. The radar system is featured as being flexible and portable. The complete radar system has dimensions of 118mm×45mm×20mm.
Serum Lipocalin 2 (Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin) in Relation to Biomarkers of Inflammation and Cardiac Stretch During Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship of lipocalin 2 to inflammation and cardiac injury with increased aldosterone in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS A standardized 6-day low-sodium diet was used to stimulate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, and serum lipocalin 2 and biomarkers of inflammation and cardiac stretch were assessed among persons with or without HIV. RESULTS Lipocalin 2 levels increased with RAAS activation compared with suppression in the HIV group (median level [interquartile range], 71.3 [59.2-99.7] vs 67.0 [51.8-86.3] ng/mL; P = .01). During RAAS activation, lipocalin 2 was related to biomarkers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α [P = .007]), monocyte/macrophage activation (soluble CD163 [P = .005] and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 [P = .03]), and markers of cardiac stretch (brain natriuretic peptide [P < .001] and N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide [P = .001]) in HIV. CONCLUSION Lipocalin 2 may be important in modulating aldosterone-induced inflammation, monocyte activation, and cardiac stretch during RAAS activation in HIV. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01407237.