cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A theoretical examination of the bandwidth limits for mixed mode electrically small antennas

The classical limits on the radiation Q and bandwidth have been reexamined for the case electrically small antennas with mixed TE/TM modes. A comparison with the case of transmission lines suggests that some of the underlying assumptions of the classical model may not be applicable in the cases where both TE and TM modes exist. The near filed energy flow has been studied in the case of an electro-magnetic dipole pair, showing the rotational nature of the fields. A possible implementation based on gyrators has been considered as an example which shows a very wideband input matching.
LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES FOR A COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT

ABSTRACT The Community College Futures Assembly convenes annually as a national policy forum for key opinion leaders to work as a “think tank” in identifying critical issues facing the future of community colleges and to recognize Bellwether Finalist colleges as trend-setting institutions. Ten Bellwether finalists in each of the three award categories are competitively selected and featured as presenters at the Assembly. Finalists then share the lessons they have learned with representatives of colleges interested in replicating their programs.
Using null effects estimators in the analysis of simulation output

In a simulation experiment there are certain null effects whose true values are known to be zero. This paper investigates various estimators of the null effects. We apply these estimators of zero in two ways. First, null effects estimators are used to construct confidence intervals. We derive a null effects version of the batch means confidence interval that has certain desirable properties. Second, null effects estimators are used as control variates in variance reduction schemes. The achieved variance reductions are modest, but we present some interesting applications; for example, the output from one simulation model can be used to compute control variates for the output of another.
Comparison of FWM- and XPM-induced crosstalk using the Volterra series transfer function method

New analytical tools to calculate the variance due to cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM) induced intensity distortion are derived based on the Volterra series transfer function method. The analysis for both the XPM and FWM effects is based on the same system configuration with a continuous-wave (CW) probe channel plus modulated pump channels, which makes possible a fair comparison between the two nonlinear effects. Effective ways to reduce the XPM- and FWM-induced intensity distortion are given. The new results on the variance of the nonlinearity-induced intensity fluctuation also make it possible to study both synchronous wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems with fixed channel delays and asynchronous WDM systems with random channel delays. The new analytical results provide accurate and efficient ways for system parameter optimization to reduce these two nonlinear effects.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and dieting attitudes among Caucasian and African American college students in Eastern North carolina: A cross-sectional survey

A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the rates of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25), and eating attitudes among college students. Data were collected at a large southeastern university. Adolescents (ages 18-25) self-reported weight and height (to calculate BMI), and, in addition to demographic information, completed the eating attitudes (EAT 26) scale to assess dieting tendencies. Significance of the mean BMI differences between gender and ethnic background were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Chi-square was used to determine whether the rate of those with BMI≥25 between gender and ethnic background was statistically significant. While 52.7% of the students’ BMI were within the normal weight category, 15.2% were underweight, 21.3% were overweight, and 10.8% were obese. The rate of BMI≥25 differed by gender and ethnicity, with males and African Americans having higher rates. About 12 % of the participants reported disturbed eating behavior, which is lower than previously reported. Even so, results support the generally held belief that disturbed eating attitudes and unhealthy dieting are common among college students, especially among females. At the same time, disturbed eating attitudes are not just the domain of young female students; about 10% of college males reported disturbed eating attitudes. Findings of this study call for obesity prevention/intervention and lifestyle modification outreach programs among college students. Weight status and unhealthy eating behaviors of college students should be a concern to health care professionals. While obese young adults will likely remain obese throughout their adult life, excessive dieting among students, which is linked to eating disorders and other health hazards, does not provide healthy and adequate alternatives for maintaining a normal BMI. Implications for obesity prevention programs are discussed.
History-dependent graphical multiagent models

A dynamic model of a multiagent system defines a probability distribution over possible system behaviors over time. Alternative representations for such models present tradeoffs in expressive power, and accuracy and cost for inferential tasks of interest. In a history-dependent representation, behavior at a given time is specified as a probabilistic function of some portion of system history. Models may be further distinguished based on whether they specify individual or joint behavior. Joint behavior models are more expressive, but in general grow exponentially in number of agents. Graphical multiagent models (GMMs) provide a more compact representation of joint behavior, when agent interactions exhibit some local structure. We extend GMMs to condition on history, thus supporting inference about system dynamics. To evaluate this hGMM representation we study a voting consensus scenario, where agents on a network attempt to reach a preferred unanimous vote through a process of smooth fictitious play. We induce hGMMs and individual behavior models from example traces, showing that the former provide better predictions, given limited history information. These hGMMs also provide advantages for answering general inference queries compared to sampling the true generative model.
The Fifth APPC Plan of Action, the ICPD Programme of Action and the Millennium Development Goals: linkages, progress and challenges.

This paper highlights the various linkages between the Plan of Action on Population and Poverty of the Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference (Fifth APPC) the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It presents the progress achieved and challenges faced by countries in the Asian and Pacific region in areas relating to poverty reduction maternal and reproductive health education and gender equality among others. While the region has forged ahead towards achieving development goals the global financial crisis compounded by the food-fuel crises and climate change have exposed the region to enormous human and environmental costs and unprecedented threats with adverse effects particularly on poor countries and disadvantaged populations.
Failure of GM-CSF to permit dose-escalation in an every other week dose-intensive regimen for advanced breast cancer

Summary Background In an attempt to improve dose intensity and therapeutic effectiveness in breast cancer, GM-CSF was incorporated into a multi-drug every other week chemotherapy regimen that had been previously reported to have promising activity, but whose dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Patients and methods A Phase I-II study in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer was initiated using GM-CSF and a 5-drug chemotherapy regimen employing oral cyclophosphamide daily for 7 days and doxorubicin, vincristine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin IV every 2 weeks for 10 courses. In the first 8 patients, GM-CSF in escalating doses (1–20 μg/kg s.c. per day) was given on days 8–13 of each 2 week cycle. In the last 12 patients, GM-CSF was given on days 3–14 of each cycle in an attempt to improve its effectiveness by prolonging treatment duration. Results The regimen was poorly tolerated. Only 10 patients completed all 10 courses of treatment, and most of those required dose delays and/or reductions. GM-CSF failed to reduce neutropenia when given by either schedule. Furthermore, thrombocytopenia was severe and progressive, especially with the more prolonged GM-CSF schedule in which the mean lowest nadir platelet count was 15,000/μsl. Anemia, fatigue, mucositis, and neutropenic fevers were also common, and dose escalations were not possible in any patient. Central venous catheter complications were also common. Complete or partial remissions were observed in 15 of 20 patients, but response durations were brief. Conclusions GM-CSF in two different schedules failed to ameliorate myelosuppression when used in combination with this multiple drug, every other week regimen. Neutropenia and, especially, thrombocytopenia remained dose limiting.
The complexation of lanthanides by aminocarboxylate ligands—I: Stability constants

The stability constants for the formation of complexes between the trivalent lanthanide series of cations and a series of aminocarboxylic acid ligands are reported. The measurements were conducted at 25°C at an ionic strength of 0.50 M (NaClO4).
Design and fabrication of electrostatic microcolumn in multiple electron-beam lithography

Microcolumns are widely used for parallel electron-beam lithography because of their compactness and the ability to achieve high spatial resolution. A design of an electrostatic microcolumn for our recent nanoscale photoemission sources is presented. We proposed a compact column structure (as short as several microns in length) for the ease of microcolumn fabrication and lithography operation. We numerically studied the influence of several design parameters on the optical performance such as microcolumn diameter, electrode thickness, beam current, working voltages, and working distance. We also examined the effect of fringing field between adjacent microcolumns during parallel lithography operations. The microcolumns were also fabricated to show the possibility.
Starch waxiness in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by NIR reflectance spectroscopy.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs are currently developing varieties that are free of amylose (waxy wheat), as well as genetically intermediate (partial waxy) types. Successful introdu...
Inhibition of cerebral vascular inflammation by brain endothelium-targeted oligodeoxynucleotide complex

The present study generated a novel DNA complex to specifically target endothelial NF-κB to inhibit cerebral vascular inflammation. This DNA complex (GS24-NFκB) contains a DNA decoy which inhibits NF-κB activity, and a DNA aptamer (GS-24), a ligand of transferrin receptor (TfR), which allows for targeted delivery of the DNA decoy into cells. The results indicate that GS24-NFκB was successfully delivered into a murine brain-derived endothelial cell line, bEND5, and inhibited inflammatory responses induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) via down-regulation of the nuclear NF-κB subunit, p65, as well as its downstream inflammatory cytokines, inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1). The inhibitory effect of the GS24-NFκB was demonstrated by a significant reduction in TNF-α or OGD/R induced monocyte adhesion to the bEND5 cells after GS24-NFκB treatment. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of GS24-'NFκB (15mg/kg) was able to inhibit the levels of phoseph-p65 and VCAM-1 in brain endothelial cells in a mouse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model in vivo. In conclusion, our approach using DNA nanotechnology for DNA decoy delivery could potentially be utilized for inhibition of inflammation in ischemic stroke and other neuro-inflammatory diseases affecting cerebral vasculature.
Diagnosis and prevention of neonatal nosocomial rotavirus infection

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and prevention of neonatal nosocomial rotavirus infection.Methods Clinical data of neonatal nosocomial rotavirus infection in 2004 in a hospital were analyzed retrospectively,neonatal stool rotavirus was detected by ROTA-CHECK-1 kit.Results There were 22 cases of neonatal nosocomial rotavirus infection occurred from the birth day to the 12th day after birth. Neonates were distributed in different rooms of neonatal unit and neonatal and maternal unit.The times of defecation per day were less than 4 times in 8 cases,5-9 times in 14 cases.The character of stool changed in 19 cases,there were 2 cases with slight dehydration.All stool bacterial culture results were negative.Conclusion Neonatal rotavirus infection has its own features.Asymptomatic infection and intrauterine infection occurs within 48 hours after birth should not be diagnosed as nosocomial infection.To prevent symptomatic rotavirus infection in neonates,the preventive measures should be taken in the epidemic season.
Improving Global Child Health: Why All Pediatricians Must "Be the Change".

* Abbreviation: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics > “How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.” > > — Anne Frank The health status of children worldwide, and within individual communities, varies so widely that pediatricians should be prepared to care for children from diverse social, economic, cultural, and economic backgrounds. Dr Arnold makes the case, in an era of global travel, migration, and economic interdependence, we can no longer think in just local terms. Conditions in different parts of the world create impacts that can influence the health care needs of children in all countries. Child advocacy knows no geographic boundaries, and pediatricians can improve the entire world by looking after and speaking out on behalf of our most precious resource, children everywhere.—Jay E. Berkelhamer, MD, FAAP Editor, Global Health Monthly Feature Many of us have been asked why we care for children in other countries, when there are so many needy children in our own communities. It is unclear why people think we have to choose, because we don’t, and shouldn’t. When it comes to children, there is no “them” and “us.” As pediatricians, we have a duty to all children. Individually and collectively, we must commit to improving the lives of children everywhere, by addressing global barriers to children’s health. Although children’s needs are universal, the likelihood of having them met is not. More than 400 million of the world’s children live in extreme poverty and, despite marked reductions in global under-5 … Address correspondence to Linda D. Arnold, MD, FAAP, 100 York St, Suite 1F, New Haven, CT 06511. E-mail: linda.arnold{at}yale.edu
Research Progress in Rice Breeding for Super Hgh Yield

Rice is the most important food crop,stable increase of rice yield is significant for food security.In the case of decreasing of arable land,to increase yield per unit area is the only way to achieve production,super-high yield breeding is the primary topics for agricultural scientists.This paper reviewed rice super-high yield breeding research,illustrated the theory and methods of rice super-high yield breeding such as new plant type creation and heterosis utilization,and specified the research direction of rice super-high yield in the future.
A canonical correlation analysis between social support and quality of life among people living with HIV / AIDS in Guangzhou

Objective To study the relationship between social support and quality of life among people living with HIV / AIDS( PLWHA). Methods Three hundred sixty-three PLWHA were questioned to obtain information about social support and quality of life by using Social Support Rating Scale( SSRS) and WHOQOL-BREF. A canonical correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between social support and quality of life. Results The canonical correlation was significant between social support and quality of life among PLWHA in Guangzhou( F = 2.72,P 0.05). Social support was mainly determined by subjective support and the availability of social support,while the quality of life was mainly reflected by psychological domain and social relationship.Conclusion The higher subjective support and availability may contribute to the better psychological health and social relationship among PLWHA in Guangzhou.
Model-based stability assessment of ventilatory control in overweight adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea during NREM sleep

Our finding of decreased loop gain in overweight adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suggests that ventilatory control instability is unlikely to be the primary underlying mechanism, con...
Synergistic activation of type III protein kinase C by cis-fatty acid and diacylglycerol.

Micromolar concentrations of cis-fatty acid synergistically activate type III protein kinase C with diacylglycerol. This synergistic effect occurs at low concentrations of cis-fatty acid and diacylglycerol, and it is capable of inducing almost full activation of this protein kinase C subtype at a physiologically relevant Ca2+ concentration (2 microM). The synergistic activation mode can be observed even in the absence of Ca2+, but micromolar Ca2+ significantly enhances the type III protein kinase C activation. cis-Fatty acid also augments the diacylglycerol-induced activation of other subtypes (type I and II), although the effect is smaller than that observed in type III. Neither the diacylglycerol- nor the cis-fatty acid-dependent mode of activation can fully activate any of these subtypes at a physiological concentration of Ca2+ (2 microM). Our results suggest that the generation of three second messengers, i.e. the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the generation of both cis-fatty acid and diacylglycerol in the cell, may be necessary signals for protein kinase C activation, particularly for type III protein kinase C.
Budget constrained relay node placement problem for maximal “connectedness”

The relay node placement problem in the wireless sensor network have been studied extensively in the last few years. The goal of most of these problems is to place the fewest number of relay nodes in the deployment area so that the network formed by the sensors nodes and the relay nodes is connected. Most of these studies are conducted for the unconstrained budget scenario, in the sense that there is an underlying assumption that no matter however many relay nodes are needed to make the network connected, they can be procured and deployed. However, in a fixed budget scenario, the expenses involved in procuring the minimum number of relay nodes to make the network connected may exceed the budget. Although in this scenario, one has to give up the idea of having a network connecting all the sensor nodes, one would still like to have a network with high level of “connectedness”. In the paper we introduce two metrics for measuring “connectedness” of a disconnected graph and study the problem whose goal is to design a network with maximal “connectedness”, subject to a fixed budget constraint. We show that both versions of the problem are NP-complete and provide heuristics for their solution. We show that the problem is non-trivial even when the number of sensor nodes is as few as three. We evaluate the performance of heuristics through simulation.
Recent advances in InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx gap-engineered type-II superlattice-based photodetectors

InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx type-II superlattices (T2SLs) is a system of multi-interacting quantum wells. Since its introduction, this material system has drawn a lot of attention especially for infrared detection. In recent years, InAs/InAs1- xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx T2SL material system has experienced incredible improvements in material quality, device structure designs and device fabrication process which elevated the performances of T2SL-based photodetectors to a comparable level to the state-of-the-art material systems for infrared detection such as Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT). In this paper, we will present the current status of InAs/InAs1-xSbx/AlAs1-xSbx T2SL-based photodetectors for detection in different infrared regions, from short-wavelength (SWIR) to long-wavelength (LWIR) infrared, and the future outlook of this material system.
Insulin-Resistant States, Role of Free Fatty Acids (FFA)

More than 60% of the U.S. population is currently overweight. Moreover, the increase in obesity has accelerated during the past decade and now involves younger people. Obesity not only is associated with but actually causes insulin resistance. Because obesity is by far the most prevalent metabolic insulin-resistant state, this article focuses on insulin resistance and obesity.
Identification and removal of reflection artifacts in photoacoustic images using convolutional neural networks

Photoacoustic imaging is a useful technique that is often hampered by acoustic reflections from nearby, hyperechoic ultrasound structures. Current beamforming methods are not well suited to remove these reflection artifacts. The objective of this work is to evaluate the potential of a region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) to identify and remove reflection artifacts.
Laparoscopic Ureteroureterostomy and Correction of Ureteral Defects

Ureteral pathology presents a unique challenge to the surgeon, as it potentially can occur over a considerable distance reaching from the renal fossa down into the pelvis. Consequently, traditional open surgery may require multiple incisions to fully correct the problem, such as the combination of a flank incision with a Pfannenstiel incision. The laparoscopic approach lends itself well to surgery addressing ureteral pathology as it provides ready access to the entire length of the ureter all through the same access points. This chapter will review indications for ureteral surgery, the principles of traditional open ureteral surgery, the laparoscopic approach to ureteral surgery, and potential complications of ureteral surgery.
Model reference adaptive control of linear stochastic systems

In this paper we describe new adaptive control designs and some new stability and optimality results for general delay, linear stochastic systems under adaptive control.
Context-Sensitivity and Individual Differences in the Derivation of Scalar Implicature.

The derivation of scalar implicatures for the quantifier some has been widely studied to investigate the computation of pragmatically-enriched meanings. For example, the sentence “I found some books” carries the semantic interpretation that at least one book was found, but its interpretation is often enriched to include the implicature that not all the books were found. The implicature is argued to be more likely to arise when it is relevant for addressing a question under discussion (QUD) in the context, e.g., when “I found some books” is uttered in response to “Did you find all the books?” as opposed to “Did you find any books?”. However, most experimental studies have not examined the influence of context on some, instead testing some sentences in isolation. Moreover, no study to our knowledge has examined individual differences in the ability to utilize context in interpreting some, whereas individual variation in deriving implicatures for some sentences in isolation is widely attested, with alternative proposals attributing this variation to individual differences in cognitive resources (e.g., working memory) or personality-based pragmatic abilities (e.g., as assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient). The current study examined how context influences the interpretation of some in a story-sentence matching task, where participants rated some statements (“I cut some steaks”) uttered by one character, in response to another character’s question (QUD) that established the implicature as relevant (“Did you cut all the steaks?”) or irrelevant (“Did you cut any steaks?”). We also examined to what extent individuals’ sensitivity to QUD is modulated by individual differences via a battery of measures assessing cognitive resources, personality-based pragmatic abilities, and language abilities (which have been argued to modulate comprehension in other domains). Our results demonstrate that QUD affects the interpretation of some, and reveal that individual differences in sensitivity to QUD are modulated by both cognitive resources and personality-based pragmatic abilities. While previous studies have argued alternatively for cognitive resources or personality-based pragmatic abilities as important for deriving implicatures for some in isolation, we argue that arriving at a context-sensitive interpretation for some depends on both cognitive and personality-based properties of the individual.
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Morphology: Comparison of Symptomatic Hips With Femoroacetabular Impingement and Asymptomatic Hips.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to compare anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) morphology in symptomatic hips with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and in asymptomatic hips, determine ...
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering in Benzene and Nitromethane Shock-Compressed to 11 GPA

The shock-compression induced frequency shifts of the ring-stretching mode of liquid benzene and the CN-stretching mode of liquid nitromethane have been measured using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). Shock pressures up to 11 GPa were achieved using a two-stage light gas gun. The frequency shifted CARS signals were generated using single-pulse Nd:YAG and broadband dye lasers. Where possible, the results of the dynamic experiments were compared to other dynamic high pressure experiments.
Metabolism of the failing heart and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Introduction: Cardiac metabolism represents a complex network of numerous pathways responsible for an adequate supply of ATP to the incessant contractile apparatus. Impairments of such pathways are...
Heterogeneity in Nucleosome Spacing Governs Chromatin Elasticity

Within a living cell, the myriad of proteins that bind DNA introduce heterogeneously spaced kinks into an otherwise semiflexible DNA double helix. To investigate the effects of heterogeneous nucleosome binding on chromatin organization, we extend the wormlike chain (WLC) model to include statistically spaced, rigid kinks. On time scales where nucleosome positions are fixed, we find that the probability of chromatin loop formation can differ by up to six orders of magnitude between two sets of nucleosome positions drawn from the same distribution. On longer time scales, we show that continuous re-randomization due to nucleosome turnover results in chromatin tracing out an effective WLC with a dramatically smaller Kuhn length than bare DNA. Together, these observations demonstrate that heterogeneity in nucleosome spacing acts as the dominant source of chromatin elasticity and governs both local and global chromatin organization.
Images in medicine: torus palatinus

A 56 year old African-American female with history of well-controlled hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to the office for an annual physical examination. She did not have any complaints. Sh...
Psychosocial resources and strains and health services use among adult illicit drug users from the Miami-Dade community.

AbstractThis study builds on previous research concerning the associations of positive and negative dimensions of the self-concept and social relationships, respectively, with medical treatment see...
The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Turnover Intentions, Absenteeism, and Job Satisfaction: Findings from Argentina, Brazil and Chile

This study, which tested the effects of sexual harassment on consequences previously indicated in US studies, (i.e., overall turnover intentions, overall absenteeism and job dissatisfaction), was conducted with 8108 employees chosen by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in three Latin American countries--Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Multivariate and logistic regression were employed while controlling for age, education, gender, marital status, and race to analyze ILO’s database. Significant results revealed that Latin American employees who were sexually harassed were likely to have more turnover intentions and to engage in more absenteeism; yet they did not experience a significant decrease in job satisfaction. These results differ from US findings indicating that there are cross cultural differences in the consequences of sexual harassment. However, the more costly outcomes of sexual harassment (i.e., turnover intentions and absenteeism) are consistent with US findings, indicating the need for multinational companies to establish sexual harassment policies in Latin America as well despite their different legal systems.
Identification of Skill-Appropriate Courses to Improve Retention of At-Risk College Freshmen:

Identifying and supporting high-risk students are critical to increasing retention and persistence. What makes some high-risk students able to succeed, while others attrit? This article argues that...
Tobacco use and harm perceptions among Appalachian youth

Abstract Appalachian youth tobacco use rates exceed the national average. Additional inquiry is needed to better understand youth product perceptions and use patterns. This study examined tobacco harm perceptions and their relationship with tobacco use among Appalachian youth. From 2014 to 2016, a survey of Appalachian middle and high school students (N = 1,136) was conducted. Tobacco harm perceptions were assessed by tobacco use status, categorized as never user, cigarette only user, smokeless only user, e-cigarette only user, or polytobacco user. Descriptive characteristics were compared by tobacco use status and harm perceptions. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models assessed the relationship between tobacco use status and harm perceptions. Over one-third of participants were tobacco users (34.6%; 4.7% cigarette only users, 3.3% smokeless only users, 5.6% e-cigarette only users, and 21.0% polytobacco users). Approximately half agreed that e-cigarettes cause health problems (54.4%), and 64.7% agreed that e-cigarettes are addictive. Most participants (83.4–92.3%) agreed that smoking and smokeless tobacco cause health problems and are addictive. Tobacco users more often disagreed that tobacco products cause health problems than did never users. Compared to never users, e-cigarette only users were more likely to disagree that smoking (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.30–6.90) and e-cigarettes cause health problems (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.64–4.75) and that e-cigarettes cause addiction (AOR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.48–4.16). Most youth were aware of health dangers associated with smoking, but perceptions were split on whether e-cigarettes were associated with health problems or addiction. The findings indicate the need for additional youth tobacco use prevention efforts.
Metabolizing Death: Re-Thinking Recovery from Substance Use Disorder through the Creative Cartographies of William James and Ernest Becker

This study is designed to bring together the existential-psychoanalytic psychology of Ernest Becker and the pluralistic transpersonal psychology of William James to bear on how perceptions of death and transformations of death anxiety shape, in subtle and significant ways, the phenomenology of substance use disorder. Specifically, this study examines the ways in which these two divergent sympathies (read: ontologies) are actually two reciprocally-enforcing ends of a continuum of how to think about substance use disorder and, more importantly, how to overcome it. In yoking these oppositional cartographies of consciousness together, this article brings to light the integral role that unconscious death anxiety plays in the formation and sustainment of addictions and explores the mechanics of recovery through the lens of the transformation of death anxiety. In doing so, it demonstrates that recovery from substance use disorder is dependent upon the successful metabolization of death anxiety from both a Jamesian and Beckerian perspective.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated celiac disease.

Background Rare cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated celiac disease (ICI-CeD) have been reported, suggesting that disruption of tolerance mechanisms by ICIs can unmask celiac disease (CeD). This study aims to characterize the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of ICI-CeD in comparison to ICI-associated duodenitis (ICI-Duo) and usual CeD. Methods A medical and pathological records search between 2015 and 2019 identified eight cases of ICI-CeD, confirmed by tTG-IgA. Nine cases of ICI-Duo, 28 cases of moderate CeD, as well as 5 normal controls were used as comparison groups. Clinical information was collected from the electronic medical records. Immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD8, T-cell receptor gamma/delta (γδ), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed death 1 (PD-1) were performed, with quantification of intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) subsets in three well-oriented villi. CD68, PD-L1, and PD-1 were assessed as a percentage of lamina propria surface area infiltrated by positive cells. Statistical significance was calculated by the Student’s t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Results The eight patients with ICI-CeD (F:M=1:3) and nine patients with ICI-Duo (F:M=5:4) presented similarly with diarrhea (13/17) and abdominal pain (11/17) after a median of 1.6 months on ICI therapy. In patients with ICI-CeD, tTG-IgA ranged from 104 to >300 IU/mL. Histological findings in ICI-CeD and ICI-Duo were similar and included expansion of the lamina propria, active neutrophilic duodenitis, variably increased IELs, and villous blunting. Immunohistochemistry showed that the average number of IELs per 100 enterocytes is comparable between ICI-CeD and ICI-Duo, with increased CD3+ CD8+ T cells compared with normal duodenum but decreased γδ T cells compared with CeD. Average PD-L1 percentage was 9% in ICI-CeD and 18% in ICI-Duo, in comparison to Conclusions ICI-CeD resembles ICI-Duo clinically and histologically but shares the serological features and response to gluten withdrawal with classic CeD. Immunophenotyping of IELs in ICI-CeD and ICI-Duo also shows similar CD3, CD8, γδ T cell subsets, and PD-L1 populations, all of which differed quantitatively from usual CeD. We conclude that ICI-CeD is biologically similar to ICI-Duo and is likely a variant of ICI-Duo, but treatment strategies differ, with ICI-CeD often improving with GFD alone, whereas ICI-Duo requires systemic immunosuppression.
"The self-making of the scientific circumciser (fenni sünnetçi):" the medicalization of male circumcision in Turkey.

This article analyzes the medicalization of male circumcision in Turkey. In the 1960s, the Turkish state launched its largest network of healthcare services in its history. As part of the network, health officers began to perform circumcisions and introduced medical expertise into male circumcision. They advertised new surgical techniques via mass media and aimed to persuade families of their benefits and replace itinerant circumcisers stigmatized in the new modern, national imaginary. To do so, this article argues, health officers turned themselves into "fenni sunnetci (scientific circumciser)." By operationalizing the concept of ambivalence, this article investigates how "fenni sunnetci" came to epitomize a hybrid identity that enabled health officers to differentiate themselves from itinerant circumcisers and maintain their professional status while resonating with families accustomed to the services of itinerant circumcisers. The article enriches our understanding of medicalization by paying attention to the changing subjectivities of medical professionals who initiate the medicalization process.
What can electrochemistry tell us about individual enzymes

Abstract We provide here a critical analysis of electrochemistry's potential and limitations in investigating single-enzyme catalysis, highlighting papers of interest from the past 2–3 years with an emphasis on nano-impact electrochemistry (NIE) and electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy. NIE can report single-enzyme activity; however, its future broad applicability for studying freely diffusing individual enzymes is questionable. Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy, an alternative to NIE, measures single enzyme's electronic conductivity when suspended between two electrodes. Recent discoveries indicate that enzyme conductance depends directly on biophysical parameters such as substrate binding, oxidation state of the catalytic center, and structural fluctuations. We conclude with a short perspective on additional electrochemical routes and combinations of existing techniques that may be useful for studying single-enzyme characteristics.
Reconstruction of the original extent of the Tertiary pre-volcanic gravels in the northern Sierra Nevada (CA): Implications for the range's Paleotopography

The ancient auriferous gravels that helped spawn the California Gold Rush have figured prominently in investigations of the Cenozoic history of the Sierra Nevada. These fluvial sediments, scattered throughout the northern half of the range, are the remnants of much larger deposits that accumulated throughout the Eocene and Early Oligocene. In this study, we present a reconstruction of the original extent of the gravels developed according to a few simple rules. This reconstruction suggests that large swaths of the northern Sierra Nevada were once buried under broad alluvial plains, a result consistent with previous work. The reconstruction also supports the hypothesis that the gravels accumulated behind high ridges along the Sierra Nevada foothills, with the Yuba River providing an important outlet. Moreover, gravel deposits on two high peaks indicate that the gravels may have buried the Feather River watershed up to the modern crest of the range. Finally, on the basis of our reconstruction, we estimate that the total volume of the gravels was, at a minimum, ∼200 km3.
Experimental demonstration of interaction-free measurements

It is now well-understood that the complementary wave- and particle-like natures of quanta enable one to make measurements that are “interaction-free” -- one can determine the presence or absence of an object, even a completely absorbing object, without any photons being absorbed. The first proposal of such a scheme was limited to an efficiency of 50% -- at most half of the measurements could be interaction free [1]. By using an application of the Quantum Zeno effect, one can in fact have the fraction of interaction-free measurements arbitrarily close to one [2].
Informed Care for the Gynecologic Day Surgical Patient with a History of Sexual Trauma.

ABSTRACT The field of Obstetrics and Gynecology is one that provides intersections between one's most private and intimate moments with scenarios that could potentially trigger significant emotional trauma. As providers, one must balance providing appropriate care with the respect and autonomy of the patient. The perioperative and operative space presents many ethical dilemmas in navigating these boundaries, particularly among individuals with a history of sexual trauma. In our commentary, we present one case of an adolescent patient, with a history of sexual trauma and pelvic pain, who underwent laparoscopic surgery. We explore the interplay of delegating autonomy during amnesia, chronic pelvic pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, and hyperarousal within this period. There is knowledge to be gained amongst Obstetrics and Gynecology providers in navigating perioperative services in individuals with complex history of social stress and trauma so that we can better understand the landscape of providing competent care.
Metal artifact reduction using common dental materials

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of different dental lab materials on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) metal artifact at different resolutions.MethodsA total of seven common dental lab materia...
Abstract MP18: The Impact Of Perivascular Adipose Tissue On Arterial Stiffness

PVAT is increasingly recognized as an essential layer of the functional vasculature, producing vasoactive substances and assisting arterial stress relaxation. We test the hypothesis that PVAT reduc...
Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Aging in Drosophila

A debilitating feature of aging in humans is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function termed sarcopenia. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are induced by aging contribute to sarcopenia, which in turn is a risk factor for many other age-related diseases. While widely studied in human and rodent models, sarcopenia has been identified also in the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila is emerging as a powerful system to study the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia, as it shares many of the same skeletal muscle characteristics as mammalian models. Decreased protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased apoptosis, and alterations in transcription are just a few of the features of sarcopenia that are shared between mammals and Drosophila. Given its short life span compared to mammals and the ease in conducting genetic manipulations, including genome-wide muscle-specific transgenic screens, Drosophila offers unique advantages for studying the fundamental mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging and may provide potential therapeutic targets to combat sarcopenia in humans.
Perspectives on the Future of CFD

This viewgraph presentation gives an overview of the future of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which in the past has pioneered the field of flow simulation. Over time CFD has progressed as computing power. Numerical methods have been advanced as CPU and memory capacity increases. Complex configurations are routinely computed now and direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large eddy simulations (LES) are used to study turbulence. As the computing resources changed to parallel and distributed platforms, computer science aspects such as scalability (algorithmic and implementation) and portability and transparent codings have advanced. Examples of potential future (or current) challenges include risk assessment, limitations of the heuristic model, and the development of CFD and information technology (IT) tools.
CRIMES AND OFFENSES Offenses Against Health and Morals: Prohibit People Who Have Criminal Records from Residing In, Being Domiciled In, or Being Employed by Certain Facilities

The Act relates to the general provisions regarding offenses against health and morals, specifically adding sections prohibiting people who have committed certain crimes from residing, being domiciled, or being employed by a facility. The Act refers to a facility as any daycare center, family daycare home, groupcare facility, or group daycare home, or similar facility. The Department of Human Resources shall deny the issuance or revoke the license, commission, or registration of a facility that violates the Act.
Cervical stem cells: Isolation, characterization, and potential role in human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cervical carcinogenesis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 3985 Cervical cancer is still the second most common cancer in women worldwide. High risk HPV persistence is a necessary state for the emergence of cervical cancer, but the crucial factors determining persistent HPV infection are still largely unknown. It has been proposed that viral persistence only occurs upon targeted infection of specific cervical cells, potentially with stem cell properties. As specific markers have yet to be identified, cervical stem cells remain poorly characterized. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, we successfully isolated a distinct minor subpopulation of putative cervical stem cells with undetectable transferrin receptor and very high integrin α6 cell surface expression. These cells possess many phenotypic characteristics and functional properties expected for epithelial stem cells, such as small cell size with a high nuclear:cytoplasmatic ratio, marker expression of undifferentiated epithelial cells (K14+, K1-), quiescence (as determined by cell cycle analysis and Ki-67 expression) and increased colony formation efficiency in vitro. All other cervical epithelial cell types differed significantly in phenotype and biological behavior. Transit amplifying cells expressed a 2-fold higher telomerase activity than putative stem cells, which can most likely be explained by their transiently higher proliferation index. Most importantly, we demonstrate that virtually all of these putative stem cells have a 10-fold higher binding capacity for papillomavirus-like particles than any other cervical epithelial subpopulation, suggesting that HPVs might indeed preferentially bind and infect these cells in vivo. Interestingly, our data indicate that this increased binding capacity is not a consequence of a higher number of cell surface heparan sulfate binding sites. Our results represent an important step towards identification of cervical epithelial stem cells and provide the basis for further investigations to determine if persistent infection and progression to pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions requires initial infection of these cells.
Multicultural Education from a Pedagogical Perspective: A Response to Radical Critiques.

This paper critically reviews radical critiques of multicultural education from a pedagogical perspective. Goals for the paper are: to reveal agreement between radical and multicultural discourse about transformative pedagogy, exemplify a body of literature about pedagogical struggles not recognized by radical critics, and encourage interchange between these groups in regard to critical multicultural education. The authors are interested in transformative, multicultural pedagogy, which is associated with critical multicultural education. They seek to know the extent to which transformative multicultural pedagogy is addressed within radical critiques of multicultural education. They question the extent to which voices of teachers and students engaged in real transformative pedagogy are acknowledged by radical critics. Ideological agreement is found between radical critics and multicultural educators in regard to transformative pedagogy. However, radical critics do not acknowledge this agreement, or perceive multicultural education as transformative. In response, the authors reference a growing body of literature that portrays real, transformative, multicultural pedagogy in action in school and university classrooms. They encourage radical critics to read this literature and consider alliances between radical and multicultural theory and practice.
Implication of the l dependence and the frequency dependence of long-term frequency variation

We show that the l dependence of the frequency variation between 1986 and 1988 reported by Libbrecht and Woodard (1990a,b) is useful to infer how deeply the outer layer of the sun has been changed in this period. Based on an asymptotic formula, we derive the l dependence of the frequency change in the case that the structural change is limited only in the region where the acoustic cut-off frequency dominates over the Lamb frequency. By comparing the formula with the observed l dependence of frequency variation, we set constraints the extent of the structural change in the outer layer of the sun in this period. We derive furthermore a formula to invert the frequency dependence of the frequency variation. By applying this formula to the observed frequency variation between 1986 and 1988, we conclude that the structural change in the outer layer of the sun in this period is confined within the hydrogen ionization zone and the layer 200 km below the photosphere.