cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The minimum distance method of testing

In this paper a method is developed for generalising tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises type to cases where parameters jave to be estimated. The procedures are based on comparing the empirical distribution functionF n , as a random point in a normed linear space, with a parametric surface\(\{ F(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } ):\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } \in \Theta \} \) which represents the family of possible underlying distributions. Asymptotic results are proved for the distribution of the minimum distance\(\sqrt n \mathop {\inf }\limits_{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } } \parallel F_n - F(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } )\parallel \) and for the corresponding minimizing value of\(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } \). The results are extended to cases where ‖·‖ is replaced by a parameter dependent norm\(\parallel \cdot \parallel _{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } } \), and where the underlying distribution is replaced by a sequence of alternatives. The basic assumptions require convergence in distribution of\(\sqrt n [F_n - F(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } _0 )]\) and differentiability in norm of the map\(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } \to F(\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle-}$}}{\theta } )\).
Shear deformation of bridgmanite and magnesiowüstite aggregates at lower mantle conditions.

Rheological properties of the lower mantle have strong influence on the dynamics and evolution of Earth. By using the improved methods of quantitative deformation experiments at high pressures and temperatures, we deformed a mixture of bridgmanite and magnesiowustite under the shallow lower mantle conditions. We conducted experiments up to about 100% strain at a strain rate of about 3 × 10−5 second−1. We found that bridgmanite is substantially stronger than magnesiowustite and that magnesiowustite largely accommodates the strain. Our results suggest that strain weakening and resultant shear localization likely occur in the lower mantle. This would explain the preservation of long-lived geochemical reservoirs and the lack of seismic anisotropy in the majority of the lower mantle except the boundary layers.
Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae (Not Including Alticini)

Diversity in Peru: 3 tribes, 45 genera, 270 species. Classification: The tribal arrangement recognized herein generally follows that of Seeno and Wilcox (1982), the major exception being that the flea beetles are currently regarded as the tribe Alticini in Galerucinae on morphological and molecular findings (Lingafelter and Konstantinov, 1999; Ge et al., 2012) and as a subfamily rank (Furth, pers. commun.). This exception is nearly irrelevant with the current section, as the flea beetles are being treated separately within the Beetles of Peru series (Furth et al., 2015). Recognition: Galerucinae may be distinguished from other chrysomelid subfamilies using the characters presented by Riley et al. (2002): “Body oval or oblong. Head exposed, easily visible from above, inserted into prothorax but without neck-like constriction at base; frontal tubercles present behind antennal insertions, delimited posteriorly by more or less distinct, transverse, interocular groove; eyes of most entire; antennae of most shorter than body, filiform or clavate, not capitate, composed of 11 (only 10 in a few) freely articulated antennomeres; some antennomeres occasionally enlarged and modified in male; antennal insertions on frons between eyes, narrowly separated from each other. Pronotum truncate or emarginate in front; lateral bead present in most. Tarsi 5-5-5, pseudotetramerous, the fourth tarsomere being very small; tarsomere 3 with ventral, setose, bilobed pad; tarsal setae not bifid.” Tribes: Four galerucine tribes occur in Peru. Alticini (not treated herein) are generally characterized by swollen hind femora; enlarged muscles and a specialized apodeme within the femur enable jumping. Genitalia are important in classifying the other three tribes. Galerucini and Metacyclini have well-developed, recurved basal spurs on the aedeagus, while Luperini do not. The antennae of Galerucini are inserted abnormally low on the head, usually beyond the middle of the eyes. The dorsal surface of many (but not all) Galerucini is densely pubescent, while the dorsal surface of Metacyclini and Luperini is glabrous or at most sparsely pubescent (as in Acalymma). There are also tribal differences in the larval behavior, indicated below. Habits: The subfamily Galerucinae has been associated with a wide variety of plants. A few species are rather polyphagous, but most are relatively host specific. Adults feed on leaves or unusually on flowers. Larvae of Galerucini similarly feed on leaves. The few known larvae of Metacyclini have also been found on foliage. However, those of Luperini are subterranean root-feeders. The larval habits of Alticini are varied, some species feeding on foliage and others on roots. Pests in Peru: As outlined in the Introduction to this series, Peru has a long and rich history of agriculture. Thus, there may be many chrysomelid pests of which we are unaware.
Introduction to Erasing Lines: Integrating the Law School Curriculum

Our goal at this conference is to begin the process of erasing the often artificial lines that presently exist between "doctrinal" and "skills" courses, between education focused on the acquisition of knowledge and education focused on the practical application of that knowledge. The lines that have been drawn are more a matter of perception than reality. If we were to deconstruct the pedagogical goals in both of these types of courses, we would find that they have as many similarities as they have differences.
The Truth Between the Lines: Conceptualization of Trust in News Media in Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia

This study explored, by comparative thematic analysis, the conceptualization of trust in news media in Serbia, Macedonia, and Croatia—three countries of Eastern Europe where past oppressive regimes might have left a heritage of distrust in all institutions. The analysis of 61 in-depth interviews showed the coexistence of three connotations of trust: trust as faith in news media as expert systems, trust in journalistic selectivity (found in all three countries), and trust as confidence in news media (found only in the Serbian sample). The analysis of the interviews also indicated a possible new dimension of journalistic selectivity and showed that, when looking for the truth in media messages, Serbians, Macedonians, and Croatians relied more on themselves than on the trustworthiness of their news media systems. The implications of these results on the measurement of trust in news media and on the relationship of Eastern Europeans toward their news media systems are discussed in light of sociological theori...
Management of metatarsalgia secondary to biomechanical disorders. A case report.

Metatarsalgia is defined as pain in the anterior segment of the foot.1 Viladot stated that it is one of the most common types of pain.2 Symptoms of metatarsalgia include: pain and tenderness of the plantar surface of the heads of the metatarsal bones or of the metatarsophalangeal joint,3 development of callus under the prominent metatarsal heads,4 and increased pain during the mid-stance and propulsion phases of walking as body weight is shifted forward onto the forefoot. Patients often will omit the propulsion phase from the walking cycle to reduce the degree of pain. The most frequent cause of metatarsalgia is an alteration of the normal biomechanical functioning of the forefoot.2 Metatarsalgia also can occur secondarily to a traumatic episode or a systemic condition including rheumatoid arthritis, neurological disease, and vascular disease.5,6
Crystalline catalase, a peroxidase.

Summary and DiscussionOur experiments show that dilute solutions of crystalline catalase, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, can peroxidize a variety of compounds. α-Naphthol and p-phenylenediamine are oxidized to indophenol purple; p-aminobenzoic acid, sulfathiazole, adrenalin, ephedrine sulphate, and tyrosine, are coupled with catechol by oxidation to form colored compounds. Pyrogallol, catechol, adrenalin and p-phenylenediamine are oxidized by catalase and hydrogen peroxide. Related compounds (m-aminobenzoic acid, sulfadiazine) are also oxidized. A commercial crystalline catalase preparation, as well as crude horse radish peroxidase gave similar results. A catalase solution which had been boiled for 5 minutes did not give the described reactions.The difference between catalases and peroxidases is: catalases can act as peroxidases but peroxidases can not act as catalases (decompose hydrogen peroxide without the presence of a second substrate). The present experiments are in full harmony with Theorell...
Transition States and Transition State Analogue Interactions with Enzymes

ConspectusEnzymatic transition states have lifetimes of a few femtoseconds (fs). Computational analysis of enzyme motions leading to transition state formation suggests that local catalytic site motions on the fs time scale provide the mechanism to locate transition states. An experimental test of protein fs motion and its relation to transition state formation can be provided by isotopically heavy proteins. Heavy enzymes have predictable mass-altered bond vibration states without altered electrostatic properties, according to the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. On-enzyme chemistry is slowed in most heavy proteins, consistent with altered protein bond frequencies slowing the search for the transition state. In other heavy enzymes, structural changes involved in reactant binding and release are also influenced. Slow protein motions associated with substrate binding and catalytic site preorganization are essential to allow the subsequent fs motions to locate the transition state and to facilitate the effici...
Phase II evaluation of teniposide (VM-26) in metastatic breast carcinoma. A Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial

The Southeastern Cancer Study Group performed a Phase II study of teniposide in previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. No responses were observed in 11 evaluable patients who received teniposide 60 mg/m2 by IV infusion for five consecutive days every three weeks. Toxicity was primarily gastrointestinal and hematologic and was frequently severe. This study demonstrated no therapeutic activity for teniposide when given in this dose and schedule to patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer.
Section 11. Ever Onward: Some Concluding Comments and Questions

Although much has been accomplished regarding our understanding of the behaviour of the Phanerozoic marine CO2-carbonic acid-carbonate sediment system and ocean acidification, particularly for the modern oceans, the further back in time we go, probably the less we know. This is particularly true for
Occurrence of gastrolina depressa thoracica and their anti-methods in Songshan International Reserve

In June,2007,Songshan International Reserve had being suffering from severe Juglans mandshurica.Based on our census of pests on Gastrolina depressa thoracica and investigation on the life cycle of the beetle generations,their feeding habits,and natural enemies,we generalized the characteristics of the pest;and in response to the vast area of occurrence,we developed biological、physical and chemical methods as the main controllable anti-methods.Hoping to provide reference information for effective control of pests to the governmental departments concerned with the pest controllable prevention,and these are of great significance to the special plants of Songshan.
Klüver, Bucy, and the Klüver-Bucy Syndome

ABSTRACT.While exploring the effects of mescaline in primates, Kluver and Bucy fortuitously discovered that placidity occurred after temporal lobectomy in the ferocious female rhesus monkey, “Aurora.” Elaboration on this in a series of three articles published between 1937 and 1939 eventually led to what is recognized today as the Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS). This syndrome is highlighted by inability to recognize objects visually (visual agnosia), hypermetamorphosia or loss of habituation to repetitive stimuli, eating disorders (bulimia), loss of normal fear and anger responses, and altered sexual behavior. Its equivalent in humans is further complicated with dementia, amnesia, and aphasia, and it has been encountered in association with many clinical conditions ranging from porphyria to adrenoleukodystrophy. KBS is currently understood as a disorder of cross-modal association due to interruption of the bidirectional amygdalocortical network mediated by opiate-containing fibers. KBS is of interest to epile...
Effects of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval and pro‐violence attitudes on intimate partner violence in adulthood

Background Children's exposure to violence increases their risk for later victimisation and perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, the relative influence of child abuse, adolescent violence, peer approval of violence and pro-violence attitudes on later IPV is not well established. Aims Analyses focus on the prediction of adult IPV from variables measured in childhood and adolescence to establish the unique influence of earlier victimisation and perpetration of violence, as well as other variables grounded in theory and empirical findings. Methods Data are from a longitudinal study that began in the 1970s with a sample of 457 preschool-aged children who were reassessed as adults. Outcomes of adult IPV victimisation and perpetration types were regressed on predictors of parent-reported child abuse, officially recorded child maltreatment, adolescent victimisation, violence perpetration, pro-violence attitudes and peer approval of violence during adolescence, controlling for childhood Socio Economic Status (SES), age in adolescence and gender. Results Dating violence victimisation and peer approval of dating violence in adolescence emerged as the unique predictors of IPV victimisation and perpetration in adulthood. Official child maltreatment predicted IPV perpetration. Conclusions Results underscore the importance of prevention programmes and strategies to disrupt the cycle of violence at its early stages, as well as interventions during adolescence targeting peer influences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Students' Acceptance of Mobile Learning: An Empirical Study Based on Blackboard Mobile Learn

With the rapid development of telecommunications, mobile learning is appearing as a promising learning approach for students to learn anytime anywhere. However, many key issues regarding the design and implementation of mobile learning are still unclear. This research investigates key factors leading to the acceptance of mobile learning based on students' use of Blackboard Mobile Learn. The research findings will help instructors to design courses for mobile users and system developers to design better mobile learning systems.
Medicaid payer status is linked to increased rates of complications after treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

Background Low socioeconomic status and Medicaid insurance as a primary payer have been associated with major disparities in resource utilization and risk-adjusted outcomes for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. With the expansion of Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act in 2014, examination of these disparities has become increasingly relevant for the treatment of proximal humerus fracture (PHF). Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify patients who were treated for PHF from 2002 to 2012. Primary outcomes included treatment type, surgical fixation method, in-hospital complications, mean length of stay, and mean total charges for Medicaid patients vs. a matched privately insured cohort. In an effort to minimize confounding variables, each Medicaid patient was matched to a privately insured patient on the basis of gender, race, year of procedure, and age. Results Of the 678,831 patients treated with PHF, 4.9% (33,263) had Medicaid as the primary payer during the 10-year period. Medicaid patients were found to have a significantly higher risk ( P Conclusions Medicaid patients have a significantly higher risk for certain postoperative hospital complications and consume more resources after treatment for PHFs. Additional work is needed to understand the optimal treatment type for Medicaid patients and to understand the complex interplay between socioeconomic status and outcomes to ensure appropriate resource allocation and risk stratification.
Space propulsion today

Since the dawn of the Space Age, hundreds of humans have entered this strange new realm in modern-day equivalents of the Yankee Clipper. Twenty-four (three of them twice) have orbited our Moon or landed upon it and viewed the Earth as a precious blue-green orb suspended in the inky blackness of the void. Our robot emissaries have tested the soils of the Moon, Mars and Venus, and have flown by all Solar System planets except frozen Pluto. The robotic exploration of local asteroids and comets and the satellites of Solar System planets continues, and four small craft — the intrepid Pioneer 10/11 and Voyager 1/2 — have become humanity’s first Galactic emissaries.
Child Sexual Abuse

1. Antonia Chiesa, MD* 2. Edward Goldson, MD* 1. *Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO * Abbreviations: CDC: : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV: : human immunodeficiency virus SANE: : Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner STI: : sexually transmitted infection 1. Clinicians should be aware that, in most cases, sexual abuse of a child is distinctly different from adult sexual assault. Usually there is no physical evidence of the abuse and delayed disclosure is common. 2. Developmental and behavioral histories are important components of a medical history for a sexual abuse diagnosis. Clinicians must be aware of normal sexual behaviors in children. The child’s developmental level also informs the approach to evaluation, including how much information can be obtained directly from the child. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Review the epidemiology of child sexual abuse. 2. Recognize the history, signs, and symptoms of sexual abuse. 3. Recognize which patients require emergent evaluation and physical examination for sexual abuse or assault. 4. Describe the behavioral and emotional consequences of child sexual abuse. 5. Describe the normal process of disclosure. 6. Employ effective strategies for interviewing suspected victims of sexual abuse or assault. 7. Recognize that most children examined for sexual abuse have normal examination findings. 8. Discuss common abnormal anogenital findings associated with sexual abuse and differentiate them from those associated with accidental trauma and other medical conditions. 9. Plan appropriate collection of forensic evidence and laboratory evaluation during a sexual abuse concern. 10. Follow mandated reporting laws when there are suspicions of child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is one of the most challenging forms of child maltreatment encountered by pediatric clinicians. It is a highly emotional topic in our society, and although the legal and medical definitions appear to be relatively straightforward, it is very difficult to operationalize them in real-life circumstances. Social contexts affect awareness and cultural norms. High-profile cases with sports figures and clergy …
DAPAGLIFLOZIN IMPROVES ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has profound detrimental effects on the macro and micro vasculature, which accounts for a significant portion of the disease impact on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity/mortality. Dapagliflozin (DAPA), an inhibitor of sodium glucose co-transporter 2, has been shown to
Assessment and Prediction in Homelessness Services and Elsewhere

This article cautions against the naive use of predictive techniques by homelessness service providers. Prediction is hard and may be impossible. Prediction does not automatically lead to socially optimal assignments. On the other hand, mechanism design, which does not rely on top‐down predictions, can be used to good effect. Moreover, fairness counts as well as optimality—and may be easier to achieve. I use examples from fire service, central banking, police patrol, tax auditing, art, finance, soup kitchens and cadaveric organ allocation.
Small-molecule studies identify CDK8 as a regulator of IL-10 in myeloid cells

Enhancing production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a promising strategy to suppress pathogenic inflammation. To identify new mechanisms regulating IL-10 production, we conducted a phenotypic screen for small molecules that enhance IL-10 secretion from activated dendritic cells. Mechanism-of-action studies using a prioritized hit from the screen, BRD6989, identified the Mediator-associated kinase CDK8, and its paralog CDK19, as negative regulators of IL-10 production during innate immune activation. The ability of BRD6989 to upregulate IL-10 is recapitulated by multiple, structurally differentiated CDK8 and CDK19 inhibitors and requires an intact cyclin C-CDK8 complex. Using a highly parallel pathway reporter assay, we identified a role for enhanced AP-1 activity in IL-10 potentiation following CDK8 and CDK19 inhibition, an effect associated with reduced phosphorylation of a negative regulatory site on c-Jun. These findings identify a function for CDK8 and CDK19 in regulating innate immune activation and suggest that these kinases may warrant consideration as therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders.
Pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and pain intensity impair life satisfaction through differential patterns of physical and psychological disruption.

Abstract Background and purpose Previous research has highlighted the importance of cognitive appraisal processes in determining the nature and effectiveness of coping with chronic pain. Two of the key variables implicated in appraisal of pain are catastrophizing and perceived injustice, which exacerbate the severity of pain-related distress and increase the risk of long-term disability through maladaptive behavioural responses. However, to date, the influences of these phenomena have not been examined concurrently, nor have they been related specifically to quality of life measures, such as life satisfaction. Methods Using data from an online survey of 330 individuals with chronic pain, structural path modelling techniques were used to examine the independent effects of pain catastrophizing, perceived injustice, and average pain intensity on life satisfaction. Two potential mediators of these relationships were examined: depressive symptoms and pain-related interference. Results Results indicated that depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and life satisfaction, and pain interference fully mediated the relationship between pain intensity and life satisfaction. Both depressive symptoms and pain interference were found to significantly mediate the relationship between perceived injustice and life satisfaction, but perceived injustice continued to demonstrate a significant and negative relationship with life satisfaction, above and beyond the other study variables. Conclusions The current findings highlight the distinct affective and behavioural mediators of pain and maladaptive cognitive appraisal processes in chronic pain, and highlight their importance in both perceptions of pain-related interference and longer-term quality of life.
Empowering communities through social media

Multicultural competence is a cornerstone of modern day counseling psychology. The new multicultural and social justice competencies highlight the integration of social justice and multicultural fr...
Taking Advantage of Diversity within the Classroom

The persistence of a diversity deficit in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields has motivated much research and discussion aimed toward creating a more representative student body and workforce. However, once these students and workers are in the field, their diverse traits are often ignored. Minority groups are known to be less likely to pursue more advanced education and careers in STEM. STEM instructors can support the retention of diverse students by using culturally relevant teaching practices, rather than only focusing on recruitment. When STEM faculties learn how to take advantage of diversity, all students benefit from engaging with multiple perspectives. Their diverse peers are allowed to enrich the classroom, and educational outcomes and retention are improved.
Plasmonic metal–semiconductor photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells: a review

The incorporation of plasmonic metals into semiconductors is a promising route to improve the performance of photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells. This article summarizes the three major mechanisms of plasmonic energy transfer from a metal to a semiconductor, including light scattering/trapping, plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET) and hot electron injection (also called direct electron transfer (DET)). It also discusses the rational design of plasmonic metal-semiconductor heterojunctions based on the underlying plasmonic energy transfer mechanisms. Moreover, this article highlights the applications of plasmonic photocatalysts and photoelectrochemical cells in solar water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction and environmental pollutant decomposition.
Information and Issue Constraints on Party Cues

Past research has found that citizens will support either side of a policy debate if their party endorses it, regardless of the policy details. Such results cast doubt on the electorate’s ability t...
Earth Science Deep Learning: Applications and Lessons Learned

Deep learning has revolutionized computer vision and natural language processing with various algorithms scaled using high-performance computing. The Data Science and Informatics Group (DSIG) at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), has been using deep learning for a variety of Earth science applications. This paper provides examples of the applications and also addresses some of the challenges that have been encountered.
Elevated carbon dioxide plus chronic warming causes dramatic increases in leaf angle in tomato, which correlates with reduced plant growth.

Limited evidence indicates that moderate leaf hyponasty can be induced by high temperatures or unnaturally high CO2 . Here, we report that the combination of warming plus elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) induces severe leaf hyponasty in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). To characterize this phenomenon, tomato plants were grown at two levels of CO2 (400 vs. 700 ppm) and two temperature regimes (30 vs. 37°C) for 16-18 days. Leaf hyponasty increased dramatically with warming plus eCO2 but increased only slightly with either factor alone and was slowly reversible upon transfer to control treatments. Increases in leaf angle were not correlated with leaf temperature, leaf water stress, or heat-related damage to photosynthesis. However, steeper leaf angles were correlated with decreases in leaf area and biomass, which could be explained by decreased light interception and thus in situ photosynthesis, as leaves became more vertical. Petiole hyponasty and leaf-blade cupping were also observed with warming + eCO2 in marigold and soybean, respectively, which are compound-leaved species like tomato, but no such hyponasty was observed in sunflower and okra, which have simple leaves. If severe leaf hyponasty is common under eCO2 and warming, then this may have serious consequences for food production in the future.
The Impact of Selenium Deficiency on a Sickle Cell Disease Mouse Model

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene resulting in a disease that affects more than 100,000 Americans and millions worldwide. Though pain is the hallmark of SCD, patients also suffer damage to most organ systems. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) polymerization occurs when deoxygenated, rendering red blood cells rigid and fragile. Production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular hypoxia in RBCs further accelerates the pathology associated with SCD. Recently, vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and organ damage were established to be strongly associated with oxidative stress in RBCs. This occurs when there is an increase in oxidants that exceeds the cellular anti-oxidant defenses. Excessive ROS can trigger a cascade of oxidative reactions that damage membrane lipids, and essential enzymatic antioxidants such as GPx-1, ultimately leading to hemolysis and multi-organ dysfunction. ROS generation in RBCs of SCD patients is due to factors such as HbS auto-oxidation and potentially aberrant mitochondrial function. We recently determined that red blood cells obtained from SCD mice and SCD patients retain their mitochondria compared to control subjects. Mitochondria retained SCD RBCs are also associated with elevated levels of ROS and hemolysis. Oxidative stress in the RBCs of SCD patients may be elevated by lower levels of antioxidant proteins such as the selenium-dependent enzyme GPX1. GPX1 was first described as an enzyme capable of protecting hemoglobin from ROS and has been reported to be lower in the RBCs in SCD. Selenium levels are lower among African Americans in the Chicago area and elsewhere. In this regard, it is notable that in the United States, African Americans represent the majority of those with SCD. To investigate the relationship between selenium levels and SCD, we have utilized a mouse model of SCD to examine the impact of a reduced intake of selenium on parameters associated with SCD pathology. SCD mice on a selenium-deficient diet ( Disclosures Lavelle: Global Blood therapeutics: Research Funding.
Managing Worship, Mothering Missions: Children’s Prayerful Performances Linking the United States and Angola in the Early Twentieth Century:

In writings by Nellie Arnott, who taught for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions in Angola from 1905 to 1912, we find a complex interplay between affiliation and distancing in ...
Low Latency Scalable Point Cloud Communication

Mobile edge and V2V Low latency streaming of 3D information is a crucial technology for smart city and autonomous driving. In this paper, we propose a joint source-channel coding framework for transmitting 3D point cloud data to different quality-of-service devices by creating a scalable representation of point cloud. We employ a scalable Binary Tree embedded Quad Tree point cloud encoder with adaptive modulation and coding schemes to guarantee the latency as well as the quality requirement of each user. We perform link level simulations using outdoor 3D point cloud dataset from LiDAR scans for auto-driving. The scalability of our encoded point cloud provides a trade-off in the received voxel size/quality vs channel condition under a hard latency constraint. The users with good channel conditions receive a near lossless point cloud whereas users with bad channel conditions are still able to receive at least the base layer point cloud.
Spontaneous hemorrhage of an adrenal myelolipoma treated with transarterial embolization: A case report.

Abstract Adrenal myelolipoma is a benign tumor of the adrenal cortex composed predominantly of fat and hematopoietic tissue. These lesions are usually asymptomatic, and most often incidentally detected on imaging. Uncommonly, they present with retroperitoneal hemorrhage, and these have been traditionally treated with emergent surgery. Although, transarterial embolization has been effectively and safely used in patients presenting with active hemorrhage from acute traumatic and nontraumatic causes, literature specifically pertaining to adrenal artery embolization is scant, perhaps due to smaller size and variability of adrenal arteries. With recent advances in endovascular techniques and imaging, there are emerging case reports and series of adrenal artery embolization in acute and nonacute settings. We report a case of spontaneous hemorrhage within an adrenal myelolipoma in a 43-year-old male patient, successfully treated with transarterial embolization, thereby avoiding major surgery. Our report adds to the growing body of literature pertaining to adrenal artery embolization.
The explanatory role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and child anxiety and depressive symptoms

The present study examined the underlying role of anxiety sensitivity in the association between effortful control and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of clinically anxious children. It...
Comparison of Indicators for Identification of Least Developed Countries and for Measuring Progress Towards the Sustainable Development Goals

This paper provides an overview on the interlinkage between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievement and Least Developed Country (LDC) graduation, by examining the relationship between the indicators to be used for monitoring progress toward SDGs, and the ones currently used for LDC classification and also the ones considered by the Committee for Development Policy in the past. It aims to assist the policy makers to enhance effectiveness of their development policies, by taking into consideration the indicators of the SDG review framework and the ones in the LDC classification that are related to one another. It finds that there is a fundamental conceptual difference between the objectives of SDG monitoring indicators and the LDC classification indicators: while SDG monitoring indicators aim to measure outcomes of development progress, LDC indicators attempts to measure structural factors that hinders development. This difference in objective results in difference in the selection and interpretation of indicators. Nevertheless, there is a substantive overlap between the SDG review indicators and LDC indicators, because some of the indicators can have characteristics of both development outcome and structural handicap to some extent: 11 out of 17 SDGs have targets explicitly linked to LDC criteria. On the other direction, 12 out of 14 LDC indicators are related to SDG indicators. For SDG 5 (gender), 6 (water and sanitation), 7 (energy), 12 (consumption and production), 15 (life on earth), and 16 (peace), none of their targets is covered by the current LDC criteria, although many of the indicators associated with those goals have been investigated and rejected by the Committee in the past for various reasons. Since two agenda aim for conceptually different goal posts, making efforts in full capacity on both fronts – overcoming constraints and moving toward outcomes – is the only way to graduate from LDC category and to accomplish the Agenda 2030, leaving no country or no people behind.
A rise in peak performance age in female athletes

It was reported in 1980s that ages at which peak performance was observed had remained remarkably stable in the past century, although absolute levels of athletic performance increased dramatically for the same time span. The emergence of older (masters) athletes in the past few decades has changed the demographics and age-spectrum of Olympic athletes. The primary aim of the present study was to determine whether the ages at which peak performance was observed had increased in the recent decades. The data spanning 114 years from the first Olympics (1898) to the most recent Olympics (2014) were collected using the publically available data. In the present study, ages at which Olympic medals (gold, silver, and bronze) were won were used as the indicators of peak performance age. Track and field, swimming, rowing, and ice skating events were analyzed. In men, peak performance age did not change significantly in most of the sporting events (except in 100 m sprint running). In contrast, peak performance ages in women have increased significantly since 1980s and consistently in all the athletic events examined. Interestingly, as women's peak performance age increased, they became similar to men's peak ages in many events. In the last 20-30 years, ages at which peak athletic performance is observed have increased in women but not in men.
A Within-Subject Pilot Feasibility Study of a Gambling Specific SBIRT Intervention Delivered in an Urban HIV/Primary Clinic

Although there are few interventions available to provide screening and brief intervention targeted toward problematic gambling, Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing gambling behaviors. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a gambling specific SBIRT intervention in a medical setting. Fifteen participants were recruited from an urban HIV/Primary Care clinic to receive the gambling specific SBIRT intervention delivered by 3 clinicians. Process and gambling specific outcome measures were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the intervention and at 1-month follow-up. On average, patient participants were 49 years and self-described themselves as male (60%) and Black or African American (86.7%). Three (20%) participants met 4 or more criteria of the DSM-5 gambling disorder. Compared to baseline, those who participated in the intervention decreased both the median number of days gambled (1 days vs. 0 days), as well as the median money gambled at 1-month follow-up ($7 vs. $1). Participants with 4 or more criteria of DSM-5 gambling had the greatest reduction (days gambled: (26 days vs. 21 days); money spent: (($400 vs. $65)). Participants reported that the intervention was acceptable. Clinician participants found the intervention to be easy to deliver. A gambling specific SBIRT intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Gambling specific outcome measures were reduced at 1-month follow-up. A randomized control trial to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention is a recommended next step.
Shifting neighborhoods, shifting health: A longitudinal analysis of gentrification and health in Los Angeles County.

Abstract Gentrification is characterized by an influx of capital, built environment upgrades, and physical and social displacement of residents and institutions. The numerous, relatively rapid transitions that occur during gentrification make accounting for duration of exposure to gentrification particularly important when exploring its relationship to health. Though a large literature explores how timing and duration of exposure to relatively stable neighborhood conditions are linked to health, little is known about how exposure to gentrification is linked to the health of longtime residents. Using restricted, longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, I ask (1) how is duration of exposure to gentrification linked to the self-reported health of those who remain in the neighborhood? (2) How does this relationship vary for members of different racial and ethnic groups? Results indicate that the longer an individual lives in a gentrifying neighborhood, the better their self-reported health. The results do not vary by race or ethnicity. The results of this study are not an endorsement of the use of gentrification as a public health intervention, as previous work finds that gentrification can also be associated with social, physical, and institutional displacement. Instead, findings reiterate the importance of neighborhood investments for the health and well-being of their residents over time.
Purification of Hibernating and Active C- Ribosomes from Zinc-Starved Mycobacteria

Zinc starvation in Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces ribosome remodeling and hibernation. Remodeling involves replacement of C+ ribosomal (r-) proteins containing the zinc-binding CXXC motif with their C- paralogues without the motif. Hibernation is characterized by binding of mycobacterial-specific protein Y (Mpy) to 70S C- ribosomes, stabilizing the ribosome in an inactive state that is also resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin. We observed that ribosome remodeling and hibernation occur at two different concentrations of cellular zinc. Here, we describe the methods to purify hibernating and active forms of C- ribosomes from zinc-starved mycobacteria, along with purification of C+ ribosomes from zinc-rich mycobacterial cells. In vitro analysis of these distinct types of ribosomes will facilitate screening of small molecule inhibitors of ribosome hibernation for improved therapeutics against mycobacterial infections.
Management of Children with the Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13 Syndromes: Is there a Shift in the Paradigm of Care?

Objective The conventional view toward the management of infants with the trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 syndromes has been to recommend pure comfort care and the avoidance of technological interventions. This commentary aims to address the recently raised question about whether there has been a shift in the paradigm of the management of infants with the two conditions. Study Design The study design includes narrative review of the literature. Results A body of opinion pieces and evidence has emerged indicating that there has been a recent increase in the administration of interventions, including ventilatory support and surgery, in the management of children with these syndromes. Conclusion Based on the evidence in the literature, the author concludes that there has been a type of paradigm shift described by philosopher of science, Thomas Kuhn, in the treatment of infants with trisomy 18 and 13. More parents are being offered and choosing technological interventions, including cardiac surgery. Future investigation of the question whether intervention improves outcome, including the quality of life, is crucial in addressing the unanswered questions in this dialogue. Key Points
EFFECT OF HEAT SHOCK ON T4rII MULTIPLICATION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Kasatiya, Shanti-Swaroop (University of Southern California, Los Angeles), and Margaret Lieb. Effect of heat shock on T4rII multiplication in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 88:1585–1589. 1964.—Heating certain strains of Escherichia coli K-12 (λ) to 45 to 48 C for 12 min before phage infection increased the fraction of bacteria that allowed multiplication of T4rII mutants. The effect of heat on interference to T4rII was not correlated with induction of the λ prophage, which occurred in some of the strains studied. Incubation of heated cells at 37 C before infection resulted in the recovery of interference, providing a prophage was still present. The presence of magnesium ion after infection is known to greatly decrease the interference in K-12 (λ) to T4rII. When heat-shocked cells were infected with T4rII, and then incubated in medium containing a suboptimal concentration of magnesium ion, more cells produced a burst of T4rII progeny than with either treatment alone. It is suggested that factors produced by both the prophage and the bacterium contribute to the structure or substance responsible for interference. The variation in heat sensitivity of interference in various strains is probably due to differences in the bacterial contribution to the postulated structure.
State v. Rabb: Dog Sniffs Close to Home

Sensory perception is an inextricable part of Fourth Amendment' jurisprudence. A policeman's sense of smell, fornexample, can create probable cause for a lawful search ornseizure. A canine's sense of smell operates much like our own,nexcept that its sensory instrument-the snout-is exponentially stronger than the human-noge. This potency explains the dognsniffs long history as a law enforcement tool.nAs a legal matter, it is undisputed that the...
Transcriptional activation of the catechol and chlorocatechol operons: variations on a theme.

Abstract The ortho-cleavage pathways of catechol and 3-chlorocatechol are central catabolic pathways of Pseudomonas putida that convert aromatic and chloroaromatic compounds to tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle intermediates. They are encoded by the evolutionarily related catBCA and clcABD operons, respectively. Expression of the cat and clc operons requires the LysR-type transcriptional activators CatR and ClcR, and the inducer molecules cis,cis-muconate and 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate. In addition to sequence similarities, CatR and ClcR share functional similarities which allow catR to complement clcR mutants. DNase-I footprinting, DNA bending and in vitro transcription analyses with RNA polymerase mutants indicate that CatR and ClcR activate transcription via a similar mechanism which involves interaction with the C-terminal domain of the α-subunit (α-CTD) of RNA polymerase. In vitro transcription assays with different regions of the clc promoter indicate that the ClcR dimer bound to the promoter proximal site (the activation binding site) interacts with the α-CTD. Gel shift assays and DNase-I footprinting have demonstrated that CatR occupies two adjacent sites proximal to the catBCA promoter in the presence of inducer and an additional binding site within the catB structural gene called the internal binding site (IBS). CatR binds the IBS with low intrinsic affinity that is increased by cooperativity in presence of the two promoter binding sites. Site-directed mutations in the IBS indicate a probable cis-acting repressor function for the IBS. The location of the IBS within the catB structural gene, the cooperativity observed in footprinting studies and phasing studies suggest that the IBS participates in the interaction of CatR with the upstream binding sites by looping out the intervening DNA. Although the core transcriptional activation mechanisms of CatR and ClcR have been conserved, nature has provided some flexibility to respond to different environmental signals in addition to the presence of inducer. Transcriptional fusion studies demonstrate that the expression from the clc promoter is repressed when the cells are grown on succinate, citrate or fumarate and that this repression is ClcR-dependent and occurs at the transcriptional level. The presence of these organic acids did not affect the expression from the cat promoter. In vitro transcription assays demonstrate that the TCA-cycle intermediate, fumarate, directly and specifically inhibits the formation of the clcA transcript. No such inhibition was observed when CatR was used as activator on either the cat or clc template. Since both the catechol and the chlorocatechol pathways feed into the TCA cycle, but only the chlorocatechol pathway is inhibited by fumarate, there is a subtle difference in the regulation of these two pathways where intracellular sensing of a TCA-cycle intermediate leads to a reduction of chloroaromatic degradation.