cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrated planar magnetic micropump

Display Omitted A planar magnetic micropump using a permalloy thin-film strip and PDMS check valves.Magnetic actuation and planar configuration enables simple structure, easy fabrication, full integration and remote control.A volume resolution of 1 nL per stroke desirable for applications to implantable biomedical systems. This paper presents an integrated magnetic micropump that uses in-plane compliance-based check valves and a magnetically actuated membrane. The device, which allows for simple fabrication and system integration with other functional elements, consists of two functional layers both fabricated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The upper PDMS layer provides a compliant membrane with an electroplated thin-film permalloy strip for actuation, while the lower PDMS layer incorporates microfluidic components including the microchannels, pump chamber, and a pair of check valves for flow regulation. The PDMS check valves, each having a compliant flap in contact with a stiff stopper to allow for unidirectional fluid flow with minimized leakage, are located at the inlet and outlet of the pump chamber, respectively. As such, the unidirectional flow at a controlled volumetric rate can be readily generated in accordance with the pumping actions. Systematic characterization of the micropump has been performed by studying the dependence of its pumping flow rate on the driving frequency of magnetic actuation, and the back pressure. Experimental results show that this micropump is capable of generating fluid flow of 0.15 µL/min at the frequency of 2Hz, corresponding to a volume resolution of 1 nL per stroke, and working reliably against a maximum back-pressure of 550Pa, demonstrating the potential application of this micropump for various integrated lab-on-a-chip systems.
Revitalizing Inner-City Neighborhoods in the United States

Books reviewed in this article: Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens ,(eds.) Urban problems andcommunity development Michael R. Greenberg, Restoring America's neighborhoods: how local people make a difference W. Dennis Keating and Norman Krumholz, (eds.) Rebuilding urban neighborhoods: achievements, opportunities and limits John Kromer, Neighborhood recovery: reinvestment policy for the new hometown William Peterman, Neighborhood planning and community-based development: the potential and limits of grassroots action
Studies on fibrinolysis. I. A circulating substance capable of converting plasmin-sensitive to plasmin-resistant clots.

Summary and conclusionsIn vitro resistance to fibrinolysis was produced by incubation of thrombin-fibrinogen clots in either serum, plasma, barium sulfate adsorbed plasma or the globulin fraction of serum. The activity responsible for clot-resistance to fibrinolysis was non-dialyzable, destroyed by acidification or heat, and distinguishable from serum antiplasmin. Tht data presented suggest that the above effect is mediated by a change in the clot itself rather than an alteration in fibrinolytic mechanism.
Similarity solution of a penny-shaped fluid-driven fracture in a zero-toughness linear elastic solid

Abstract This note deals with the problem of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture propagating in an impermeable elastic solid. Growth of the fracture is driven by injection of an incompressible Newtonian fluid at the center of the fracture. The solution is restricted to the so-called viscosity-dominated regime where it can be assumed that the solid has zero toughness. The paper describes the construction of a semi-analytical similarity solution, which incorporates the known singularity of the fluid pressure at the center of the fracture and at the tip and which is based on series expansions of the fracture opening and fluid pressure in terms of Jacobi polynomials.
A group-randomized controlled trial for health promotion in Girl Scouts: healthier troops in a SNAP (Scouting Nutrition & Activity Program)

Girl Scouting may offer a viable channel for health promotion and obesity prevention programs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention program delivered through Girl Scout Junior troops that was designed to foster healthful troop meeting environments and increase obesity prevention behaviors at home. Seven Girl Scout troops were randomized to intervention (n = 3, with 34 girls) or standard-care control (n = 4, with 42 girls) conditions. Girls ranged in age from 9 to 13 years (mean 10.5 years). Intervention troop leaders were trained to implement policies promoting physical activity (PA) and healthful eating opportunities at troop meetings, and to implement a curriculum promoting obesity-prevention behaviors at home. The primary outcome variable was child body mass index (BMI) z-score. Secondary outcomes included accelerometer-assessed PA levels in troop meetings, direct observations of snack offerings, time spent in physically active meeting content, and leader encouragement of PA and healthful eating. The intervention was delivered with good fidelity, and intervention troops provided greater opportunities for healthful eating and PA (x2 = 210.8, p < .001), relative to control troops. In troop meetings, intervention troop leaders promoted PA (x2 = 23.46, p < .001) and healthful eating (x2 = 18.14, p < .001) more frequently, and discouraged healthful eating and PA less frequently (x2 = 9.63, p = .002) compared to control troop leaders. Most effects of the intervention on individual-level variables of girls and parents were not significantly different from the control condition, including the primary outcome of child BMI z-score (F1, 5 = 0.42, p = .544), parent BMI (F1, 5 = 1.58, p = .264), and related behavioral variables. The notable exception was for objectively assessed troop PA, wherein girls in intervention troops accumulated significantly less sedentary (x2 = 6.3, p = .011), significantly more moderate (x2 = 8.2, p = .004), and more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, (x2 = 18.4, p < .001), than girls in control troops. Implementing a health promotion curriculum and supporting policies to provide more healthful environments in Girl Scout troop meetings appears feasible on a broader scale. Additional work is needed to bridge health promotion from such settings to other environments if lasting individual-level behavior change and obesity prevention remain targeted outcomes. Trial registration number: NCT00949637
CD4+CD25+ T Cells Regulate Virus-specific Primary and Memory CD8+ T Cell Responses

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells appear important to prevent activation of autoreactive T cells. This article demonstrates that the magnitude of a CD8+ T cell–mediated immune response to an acute viral infection is also subject to control by CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Treg). Accordingly, if natural Treg were depleted with specific anti-CD25 antibody before infection with HSV, the resultant CD8+ T cell response to the immunodominant peptide SSIEFARL was significantly enhanced. This was shown by several in vitro measures of CD8+ T cell reactivity and by assays that directly determine CD8+ T cell function, such as proliferation and cytotoxicity in vivo. The enhanced responsiveness in CD25-depleted animals was between three- and fourfold with the effect evident both in the acute and memory phases of the immune response. Surprisingly, HSV infection resulted in enhanced Treg function with such cells able to suppress CD8+ T cell responses to both viral and unrelated antigens. Our results are discussed both in term of how viral infection might temporarily diminish immunity to other infectious agents and their application to vaccines. Thus, controlling suppressor effects at the time of vaccination could result in more effective immunity.
Spinning Our Way to Sustainability

In a widely read article, Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus critiqued the environmental movement for focusing on piecemeal technocratic solutions and failing to articulate a broader political vision, declaring it irrelevant if not already "dead." To get off the defensive, they argue, it needs to reframe its solutions to global warming and related environmental problems by appealing to core progressive values and to reformulate itself as part of a larger progressive movement. This repackaging, they say, will create a broader coalition with a shared political vision and greater political power. There is much to be said for their critique of traditional technocratic environmentalism, much of which we agree with. However, we will argue, their focus on rhetorical reform without addressing other aspects of environmental strategy is logically flawed and also undermines their commitment to democratic values.
Recent trends in breast cancer mortality among white and black US women.

OBJECTIVES: Time trends in breast cancer mortality were analyzed from 1970 to 1992 among White and Black US women aged 25 and over. METHODS: Mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were summarized within three periods 1970 to 1979, 1980 to 1988, and 1989 to 1992. The annual change was calculated as the average yearly percentage of change based on the logistic model. RESULTS: For White women of all ages, breast cancer mortality decreased by 1.6% (95% confidence interval = -2.0%, -1.1%) per year on average during 1989 to 1992, in contrast to the flat mortality rates observed during the 1970s and a 0.5% average annual increase during 1980 to 1988. The decline was observed for White women under age 60, among whom breast cancer mortality had been decreasing, and for White women aged 60 to 79, among whom breast cancer mortality had been increasing, but it was not observed among Black women. CONCLUSIONS: The long-awaited decline in US breast cancer mortality has finally appeared, although o...
Targeted Therapy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

The successful introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the outcome of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Imatinib mesylate therapy induced high rates of complete cytogenetic and major molecular responses and improved survival for patients with CML. A small proportion of patients in chronic phase CML and more patients in advanced phases are resistant to imatinib or develop resistance during treatment through BCR-ABL-dependent and BCR-ABL-independent mechanisms. Novel, more potent TKIs can overcome imatinib resistance, including dasatinib (a potent dual Src and Bcr-Abl inhibitor), nilotinib (a selective potent Bcr-Abl inhibitor), bosutinib and INNO406 (both Src-Abl inhibitors), among others. Other approaches are exploring combination therapy, agents affecting various oncogenic pathways, and immune modulation. This chapter reviews some of these targeted therapies, particularly those for which clinical data are already available.
Differential In Vivo Regulation of Steroid Hormone Receptor Activation by Cdc37p

The CDC37 gene is essential for the activity of p60(v-src) when expressed in yeast cells. Since the activation pathway for p60(v-src) and steroid hormone receptors is similar, the present study analyzed the hormone-dependent transactivation by androgen receptors and glucocorticoid receptors in yeast cells expressing a mutant version of the CDC37 gene. In this mutant, hormone-dependent transactivation by androgen receptors was defective at both permissive and restrictive temperatures, although transactivation by glucocorticoid receptors was mildly defective only at the restrictive temperature. Cdc37p appears to function via the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain, although it does not influence receptor hormone-binding affinity. Models for Cdc37p regulation of steroid hormone receptors are discussed.
Independent Metabolic Syndrome Variants Predict New Onset Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract Objective: Any combination of metabolic abnormalities may constitute the “metabolic syndrome” (MetS), conferring coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, but the independent effect of different combinations on CAD onset remains unknown. Research Design and Methods: Healthy adult siblings (N=987) of premature CAD ( Results: The significant hazard ratios were, for PC1 (all abnormalities except blood pressure) 1.66 (p=0.036), PC2 (high blood pressure levels, high HDLC) 1.71 (p=0.016), and PC4 (low HDLC, high insulin sensitivity, low triglycerides) 2.0 (p=0.001). Traditionally defined MetS had a HR of 1.32 (p=0.18). Conclusion: Independent MetS variants identified by PC analysis may explain metabolic mechanisms that increase CAD risk better than the presence of traditional MetS.
Designing a case‐based e‐learning system: what, how and why

This paper illustrates and discusses a pedagogical model that views knowledge as a source for learning to occur. In this model, learning is viewed as a process that allows workers to advance from novices to experts through three levels of knowledge acquisition: know‐what, know‐how, and know‐why. Different types of knowledge require different learning methods and entail different learning activities. Built upon this model, a corporate e‐learning system entitled UNCLE (using notes for a case‐based learning environment) was developed and pilot tested. The pilot testing of UNCLE showed encouraging learning results and suggested that a well‐defined structure for learning components and processes is favorable in a corporate environment.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Hyaluronidase 2 Regulate Airway Epithelial Hyaluronan Fragmentation

Hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2) is a hyaluronan (HA)-degrading enzyme found intracellularly or/and anchored to the plasma membrane through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). Normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) grown at the air-liquid interphase (ALI), treated with PI-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), exhibited increased Hyal activity in secretions and decreased protein and activity on the apical membrane, confirming that GPI-anchored Hyal2 is expressed in NHBE cells and it remains active in its soluble form. We have reported that HA degradation was mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human airways. Here we show that ROS increase Hyal2 expression and activity in NHBE cells and that the p38MAPK signaling pathway is involved in this effect. Hyal2 induction was confirmed by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) expressing lentivirus. These in vitro findings correlated in vivo with smokers, where increased Hyal2 immunoreactivity in the epithelium was associated with augmented levels of HA and the appearance of low molecular mass HA species in bronchial secretions. In summary, this work provides evidence that ROS induce Hyal2, suggesting that Hyal2 is likely responsible for the sustained HA fragmentation in the airway lumen observed in inflammatory conditions associated with oxidative stress.
Discrete-event simulation input process modeling

General guidelines for selecting probabilistic input models as part of a discrete-event simulation study are presented. Two short examples illustrating input modeling decisions are also presented, as opposed to a complete treatment of the subject.
Multiple access with time-hopping impulse modulation

A time-hopping modulation format employing impulse signal technology has several features which may make it attractive for multiple-access communications. These features are outlined, an estimate of the multiple-access capability of a communication system employing this format under ideal propagation conditions is presented, and emerging design issues are described. >
Brain-Specific Phosphorylation of MeCP2 Regulates Activity-Dependent Bdnf Transcription, Dendritic Growth, and Spine Maturation

Mutations or duplications in MECP2 cause Rett and Rett-like syndromes, neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by mental retardation, motor dysfunction, and autistic behaviors. MeCP2 is expressed in many mammalian tissues and functions as a global repressor of transcription; however, the molecular mechanisms by which MeCP2 dysfunction leads to the neural-specific phenotypes of RTT remain poorly understood. Here, we show that neuronal activity and subsequent calcium influx trigger the de novo phosphorylation of MeCP2 at serine 421 (S421) by a CaMKII-dependent mechanism. MeCP2 S421 phosphorylation is induced selectively in the brain in response to physiological stimuli. Significantly, we find that S421 phosphorylation controls the ability of MeCP2 to regulate dendritic patterning, spine morphogenesis, and the activity-dependent induction of Bdnf transcription. These findings suggest that, by triggering MeCP2 phosphorylation, neuronal activity regulates a program of gene expression that mediates nervous system maturation and that disruption of this process in individuals with mutations in MeCP2 may underlie the neural-specific pathology of RTT.
Laser Photochemical Growth of Amorphous Silicon at Low Temperatures and Comparison with Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition

Pulsed ArF (193 nm) excimer laser radiation has been used to dissociate disilane (Si/sub 2/H/sub 6/, resulting in photochemically controlled deposition of amorphous Si thin films. A high stability HeNe (6328 A) laser was used for precise in situ monitoring of film deposition rates, under varying deposition conditions. A helium window purge nearly eliminated Si film deposition on the chamber windows. With the excimer laser beam parallel to the substrate, deposition of amorphous Si can be controlled entirely by the photon fluence (negligible background thermal growth) at temperatures from room temperature up to /approximately/400/degree/C. Reasonable photolytic deposition rate (>1 A/sec) are combined with 'digital' control of film thickness (/approx gt/0.02 A/laser pulse). Activation energies of 1.50 (+-0.1) eV and 0.09 (+-0.02) eV were found for pyrolytic and photolytic deposition, respectively. 15 refs., 3 figs.
Monitoring energy conversion in photosystem I of cyanobacterial heterocysts by photoacoustic spectroscopy

Photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to monitor photosynthetic energy storage in heterocysts isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. Three main energy-conversion pathways have been identified in these specialized cells: cyclic electron transport in photosystem I, nitrogen fixation, and respiration. The aim of this study was to define the conditions for estimating their interdependence. The gas phase (air, Ar, N2, H2) under which the sample was prepared or incubated, as well as the presence of electron donors (NADPH, NADH, H2) and KCN (an inhibitor of respiration), determined the relative flux through the pathways. Heterocysts in which respiration and nitrogen fixation are inhibited have afforded a useful system for specific study of cyclic electron transport around photosystem I. Under optimal conditions for photosystem I turnover, photochemical losses of above 20% were found.
On the theory of advective effects on biological dynamics in the sea. III. The role of turbulence in biological-physical interactions

A nonlinear model for biological and physical dynamical interactions in a laminar upwelling flow field in parts I and II of this study is extended to turbulent flow. In the previous studies, a prescription for obtaining quadrature solutions to the fundamental biodynamical equations was developed. In this study, we use a probability density function approach on these solutions to obtain statistics of the biodynamical state variables and their self-interaction for the case of turbulent advection. To illustrate the theory, a simple nutrient (N ), phytoplankton (P ) problem is considered, that of upwelling into a surface turbulent layer. Biological interaction is modelled as bilinear, representing the uptake of N by P in a uniform light euphotic zone. A random walk model is used to obtain the appropriate probability density function for the advective turbulent field. The mean quantities,N ,P, as well as the biological interaction termFZ hNP i are calculated. The term F has two contributions, ðNPÞ, and the turbulence-induced interaction term, hN 0 P 0 i. It is shown that the often neglected turbulence-induced coupling term hN 0 P 0 i is of the order ðNP Þ and opposite in sign. This results in, over a wide range of Peclet numbers, the mean interaction term hNP i being significantly smaller than either of its constituent terms, ðNP Þ and hN 0 P 0 i.
Tissue-specific PhBPBT expression is differentially regulated in response to endogenous ethylene

Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone involved in many physiological processes including senescence, fruit ripening, and defence. Here the effects of pollination and wound-induced ethylene signals on transcript accumulation of benzoyl CoA:benzyl alcohol/phenylethanol benzoyltransferase (PhBPBT) are shown in Petuniaxhybrida cv. Mitchell 'Diploid' (MD). In petunia, PhBPBT is responsible for the biosynthesis of both benzyl benzoate and phenylethyl benzoate from benzyl alcohol and phenylethanol, respectively. RNAi-silenced lines, with reduced PhBPBT transcript, displayed reduced benzyl benzoate emission, and increased benzyl alcohol levels. Detailed expression analysis showed that PhBPBT is regulated by both light and an endogenous circadian rhythm, while it is also differentially regulated in response to ethylene in a tissue-specific manner. Twenty-four hours following pollination of MD flowers, expression of PhBPBT decreases in the corolla, while it increases in the ovary after 48 h. This is caused by ethylene that is emitted from the flower coinciding with fertilization as this is not observed in transgenic ethylene-insensitive plants (CaMV35S::etr1-1; 44568). Ethylene is also emitted from vegetative tissue of petunia following mechanical wounding, resulting in an increase in PhBPBT expression in the leaves where expression is normally below detection levels. Indicative of this pattern of expression, we hypothesize that PhBPBT and subsequent benzyl benzoate production is involved in defence-related processes in the corolla prior to pollination, in the ovary immediately following fertilization, and in vegetative tissue in response to wounding.
Sholem Aleichem: Mythologist of the Mundane

What could be more obvious for a writer who called himself How-DoYou-Do than to place folklore and folk-speech at the center of his work? After all, it was his childhood friend Shmulik who had inducted him into the world of storytelling; ever since then, the celebrated author could have mined the treasures of Jewish myth and legend as his natural legacy. But Shmulik's formative role in From the Fair was as much a fiction as the name
Gender differences in acculturation and aggression as predictors of drug use in minorities

Abstract High acculturation and aggression may signal increased risk of drug use among different ethnic groups. Drug use histories were compared with the degree of acculturation in 18 African-Americans and ten Hispanics. Aggressive responding was measured using The Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) developed by Cherek, D.R., 1981, Psychopharmacology, 75, 339–345. Males were more acculturated and used more drugs than females. In PSAP responding, each gender responded more aggressively towards the ethnic group in which they identified with the most. Ethnic Identification and gender were associated with increased drug use. Acculturation and drug studies must consider the importance of gender within and across ethnic sub-populations.
The Stress State of the Northwest Geysers, California Geothermal Field, and Implications for Fault‐Controlled Fluid Flow

A dataset comprised of well‐constrained focal mechanisms for 6147 earthquakes recorded in the northwest Geysers geothermal field during the period of 2005–2012 was utilized to conduct a detailed stress study within and below the geothermal reservoir. The high‐quality focal mechanisms were organized into grid blocks of varying size using a 3D octree gridding algorithm in which discretization was governed by data density. This method allows for separate inversions of contiguous blocks of seismicity at a relatively fine scale. We obtained the three principal stress orientations for every grid block containing at least 25 events by inverting for the best‐fit stress tensor within each grid block. The principal stress orientations were used to determine which of the two nodal planes for each focal mechanism had the highest ratio of resolved shear‐to‐normal stresses and was thus more likely to be the fault plane. We found a normal/strike‐slip faulting regime ( S Hmax≈ S v> S hmin) both within and below the reservoir, consistent with the extensional and strike‐slip tectonics in the region surrounding The Geysers. In addition, an average S Hmax orientation of N26°E was obtained for the studied crustal volume. These observations suggest that injection and production activities over the past 50+ years do not appear to have significantly affected the local stress field. The presumed fault planes are steeply dipping with northeast–southwest to east–west strike directions suggesting that these are the principal flow directions both within the low matrix permeability graywacke reservoir and in the wholly concealed granitic pluton (locally referred to as the felsite) basement below.
Mammalian and insect metabolism of the chemosterilant thiotepa.

Thiotepa, tris(1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulfide, was synthesized with a phosphorus-32 label and its metabolic fate was studied in white rats and 4 species of insects. Thiotepa was administered topically at 100 mg/kg to the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.); house fly, Musca domestica L.; stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.); and boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, and orally to white rats at 10 mg/kg or dermally at 25 mg/kg. The amount of thiotepa absorbed at 0, 1, 4, and 24 hr after treatment by different species of insects was determined. Maximum absorption had occurred by 4 hr after treatment for all insects except the boll weevil. Tepa, the oxygen analog of thiotepa, was the only chloroform-soluble metabolite of thiotepa recovered from insects. In German cockroaches, house flies, and stable flies the amount of thiotepa decreased with time after treatment; the opposite was true for boll weevils. During the 5-day experimental period, 24.3% of the administered thiotepa was eliminated in the urine of orally treated rats and 27.4% was eliminated in the urine of dermally treated rats. The orally and dermally treated rats eliminated 17.2 and 34.7% in the feces, respectively. From 54 to 91% of the P32-materials eliminated in the urine and feces of rats were hydrolytic products. Chloroform-soluble P32-materials recovered from the urine were 90% tepa from orally treated rats and about 50% tepa from dermally treated rats. Tepa was also the predominant product recovered in the chloroform extracts of feces from orally or dermally treated rats. Three watersoluble products were isolated from the urine of rats, but were not identified. The liver and kidney contained higher concentrations of radioactive materials than fat, leg muscle, brain, reproductive organs, or blood.
Tapuya connections: language contact in eastern Brazil

ABSTRACT In eastern Brazil, most indigenous languages were only superficially documented before becoming extinct. Besides hampering attempts at genetic classification of the languages of the region, the lack of linguistic data seriously limits our knowledge of possible cultural contacts among the several tribes listed by colonial sources. Notwithstanding that, this paper attempts to provide a few additional pieces for the ethnographic puzzle which is eastern Brazil, focusing on loanwords found in Kipea, a Kariri language once spoken in the present-day states of Bahia and Sergipe, in northeastern Brazil. Besides allowing a glimpse into situations of language contact in eastern Brazil, the identification of previously unsuspected loanwords may contribute to a better understanding of phonological aspects of Kipea. Keywords: Language contact; Borrowings; Macro-Je. RESUMO A maioria das linguas indigenas originalmente faladas no leste brasileiro se extinguiram antes que pudessem ter sido devidamente documentadas. Alem de dificultar os estudos das possiveis relacoes geneticas entre tais linguas, a falta de dados limita, de maneira significativa, o conhecimento de possiveis contatos culturais entre as tribos da regiao. Apesar disto, este artigo tenta fornecer pecas adicionais para o quebra-cabecas etnografico que e o leste brasileiro, concentrando-se no estudo de emprestimos em Kipea (familia Kariri, tronco Macro-Je), lingua outrora falada em areas hoje pertencentes aos Estados da Bahia e Sergipe. Alem de nos dar uma ideia mais clara de situacoes de contato linguistico no leste brasileiro, a identificacao de emprestimos antes despercebidos fornece subsidios para uma melhor compreensao de aspectos da fonologia do Kipea. Palavras-chave: Contato linguistico; Emprestimos; Macro-Je
Halo Effects in Multiattribute Attitude Models: Some Unresolved Issues

Certain shortcomings are found in Beckwith and Lehmann's study of the problem of halo effects in multiattribute attitude models in marketing. The writers contend that the data used were inadequate ...
Neosalpingostomy for distal tubal obstruction: prognostic factors and impact of surgical technique *

We reviewed the clinical records of all women who underwent microsurgical terminal neosalpingostomy for distal tubal obstruction between January 1983 and June 1988. We identified 95 women whose preoperative evaluation revealed no other contributory factors for infertility and analyzed their pregnancy outcome after this procedure. Pregnancy success was inversely related to the extent of tubal distortion (dilation, rugal integrity, and status of the fimbria) and degree of adnexal adhesions. Using our classification system for distal tubal obstruction, patients with mild disease had an 80% pregnancy rate, whereas patients with moderate and severe disease had a 31% and 16% success rate, respectively. We found no statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcome when we compared this series with our previous group, reported in 1978, where contemporary microsurgical technique was not used. Although we feel that optimal surgical technique is important to maximize success, we conclude that the most important prognostic factor in pregnancy outcome after neosalpingostomy for distal tubal disease is the anatomical and functional integrity of the tube.
LMI-Based Design of Robust Tracking Controller

When control component (sensor or actuator) faults occur,the actual signal of controller output deviates from accurate signal,it could made the system unstable.The optimal gain margin robust tracking control is proposed in this paper,the controller design and margin approximating method are given,these methods are based on linear quadratic (LQ) tracking performance index and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs).The helicopter flight control examples are given.The simulation result illustrates the effectiveness of the method.Furthermore,comparisons of the optimal gain margin robust tracking control and the normal robust tracking control show the necessity of reliable tracking control.
Treatment of sleepwalking: a controlled study

A single-blind, rater-blind, modified crossover design was used to evaluate a simple, practical method of clinical treatment of sleepwalking. Subjects who had severe somnambulism, but were otherwise free of psychiatric illness, responded well to six brief sessions of specialized hypnotherapy. Follow-up at one year has revealed lasting improvement of both subjective and objective symptoms. A brief review of the subject of sleepwalking, as well as detailed information concerning histories of sleep symptoms and emotional problems in these and other sleepwalkers, is presented.
The role of intense athletic activity on structural lumbar abnormalities in adolescent patients with symptomatic low back pain

To determine if adolescent athletics increases the risk of structural abnormalities in the lumbar spine. A retrospective review of patients (ages 10–18) between 2004 and 2012 was performed. Pediatric patients with symptomatic low back pain, a lumbar spine MRI, and reported weekly athletic activity were included. Patients were stratified to an “athlete” and “non-athlete” group. Lumbar magnetic resonance and plain radiographic imaging was randomized, blinded, and evaluated by two authors for a Pfirrmann grade, herniated disc, and/or pars fracture. A total of 114 patients met the inclusion criteria and were stratified into 66 athletes and 48 non-athletes. Athletes were more likely to have abnormal findings compared to non-athletes (67 vs. 40 %, respectively, p = 0.01). Specifically, the prevalence of a spondylolysis with or without a slip was higher in athletes vs. non-athletes (32 vs. 2 %, respectively, p = 0.0003); however, there was no difference in the average Pfirrmann grade (1.19 vs. 1.14, p = 0.41), percentage of patients with at least one degenerative disc (39 vs. 31 %, p = 0.41), or disc herniation (27 vs. 33 %, p = 0.43). Body mass index, smoking history, and pelvic incidence (51.5° vs. 48.7°, respectively, p = 0.41) were similar between the groups. Adolescents with low back pain have a higher-than-expected prevalence of structural pathology regardless of athletic activity. Independent of pelvic incidence, adolescent athletes with low back pain had a higher prevalence of spondylolysis compared to adolescent non-athletes with back pain, but there was no difference in associated disc degenerative changes or herniation.
Design of a secure architecture for context-aware Web Services using access control mechanism

Services are expected to be a promising way for people to use information and computing resources in our emerging ubiquitous network society and cloud computing environments. Context aware computing attains environment monitoring by means of sensors to provide relevant information or services according to the identified context. In this paper, which explores recent findings in the implementation of Web Services in context-aware areas. The security issues that may surface are identified and methods of countering those security threats are proposed. The main emphasis is the challenge to design effective privacy and access control models for Context-Aware Web Services environment. Hence, there is a need that arises to design a security system for context-aware web services with the support of end-to-end security in business services between the service providers and service requesters. In view of this, a design for secure architecture for context-aware web services is proposed.
The effect of smudge cells on leukocyte counting--are chamber counts necessary?

Leukocyte counts obtained in the Coulter Model S and Model F were compared with counts from hemocytometers and estimates from peripheral blood smears from 38 patients with increased numbers of smudge cells associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, with leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and without leukemia. The results indicate no method-dependent pattern of count loss. Cell counts were not related to the number of smudge cells present; the number of smudge cells were unrelated to the nature of the patient’s disease state. We conclude that in the presence of smudge cells, leukocyte counts can be made as reliably by automated methods as by pipette and chamber technics. This conclusion is at variance with what has been previously reported. Although the basis for this discrepancy is not clear, it may be related in part to differences in the formulation of the lysing agents used.
Management of Pelvic Metastases in Patients With Testicular Cancer

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathologic features and predictors of pelvic metastasis in patients with germ cell tumors. Methods Between 1990 and 2009, 2722 patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) were prospectively included in our institution's testis cancer database. Patients with pelvic disease were identified and clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Results Of the 134 patients, 14.5% had a history of prior groin surgery. At the time of referral, 98% had received prior chemotherapy, 19.4% had undergone prior RPLND, and 24% presented as late relapse. Surgery consisted of pelvic excision alone in 37 (27.6%) and pelvic excision with primary RPLND in 2 (1.5%) or with postchemotherapy RPLND in 95 (70.9%). Median pelvic mass size was 6.5 cm. Pathology of pelvic disease revealed teratoma in 74 (55%), nonseminomatous germ cell tumor in 28 (21%), sarcoma in 8 (6%), and necrosis in 22 (16.5%). Patients with pelvic metastases had a statistically higher initial stage of presentation ( P P Conclusion Pelvic metastasis in testicular cancer is uncommon and can be a site of late relapse. These patients tend to present with high-volume retroperitoneal disease or a history of prior groin surgeries. Surgery is curative in most patients, and pelvic pathology was teratoma in more than half.
Prescription omega-3 fatty acid products containing highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)

The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has multiple actions potentially conferring cardiovascular benefit, including lowering serum triglyceride (TG) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and potentially reducing key steps in atherogenesis. Dietary supplements are a common source of omega-3 fatty acids in the US, but virtually all contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in addition to EPA, and lipid effects differ between DHA and EPA. Contrary to popular belief, no over-the-counter omega-3 products are available in the US, only prescription products and dietary supplements. Among the US prescription omega-3 products, only one contains EPA exclusively (Vascepa); another closely related prescription omega-3 product also contains highly purified EPA, but is approved only in Japan and is provided in different capsule sizes. These high-purity EPA products do not raise low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, even in patients with TG levels >500 mg/dL, in contrast to the increase in LDL-C levels with prescription omega-3 products that also contain DHA. The Japanese prescription EPA product was shown to significantly reduce major coronary events in hypercholesterolemic patients when added to statin therapy in the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS). The effects of Vascepa on cardiovascular outcomes are being investigated in statin-treated patients with high TG levels in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With EPA-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT).
GIS approach to estimate windbreak crop yield effects in Kansas–Nebraska

Windbreaks were originally promoted across the U.S. Great Plains to reduce wind erosion. A review paper published nearly 30 years ago showed yield increases for a variety of crops associated with windbreaks. However, with the widespread use of no-till cropping systems and advanced crop genetics, the question is “Do windbreaks still provide a yield benefit?” This study compared data from protected and unprotected fields over multiple years across Kansas and Nebraska looking at relative soybean (Glycine max L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield differences. Farmer’s pre-existing georeferenced data, generated by automated combine yield monitors, were analyzed with ArcGIS 10.3.1 to visualize windbreak interaction with crop yield. Statistics were conducted to determine if the yield in protected areas of the field was significantly different from the yield in unprotected areas. Also, yield loss was estimated from the windbreak footprint to assess if yield increases were enough to compensate for the area taken out of crop production. Results showed: soybeans (57 crop/years) presented the most positive response to windbreak effect with significant yield increases 46% of the time, with a 16% (283 kg ha−1) average yield increase. Wheat (44 crop/years) yield increases were significant 30% of the time, with a 10% (319 kg ha−1) average yield increase. Narrow windbreaks (1–2 tree rows, average width of 13 m) and those on the north edge of fields resulted in yield increases that compensated for the footprint of the windbreak more often (71%) than wider windbreaks on the south edges of fields (38%).
Incorporating end-user models and associated uncertainties to investigate multiple stakeholder preferences in system design

The essence of systems engineering lies in enabling rational decision-making that is consistent with the preferences of the system’s stakeholders. Modern approaches, such as value-driven design, attempt to convey the true preferences of the stakeholder using mathematical formulations like value models. A critical step to the formation of value models is the identification of the stakeholders. A primary stakeholder must be identified and then it must be determined how the other stakeholders’ preferences impact the preference of the primary, if they do at all. This paper looks at three stakeholders of an electric vehicle system, all of which could be considered the primary stakeholder dependent on the situation. Novel customer, commercial, and government-oriented value models are created. To understand the impact of customers on the primary stakeholder’s designs, an end-user value-based demand model is developed and a method for integrating end-user preferences into the manufacturer’s value model is demonstrated. Uncertainties associated with the end-users, including those associated with the economy, are quantified and incorporated into a value-based design framework through Monte Carlo simulations. Possible stakeholder risk attitudes are discussed and a rational decision-making strategy to maximize stakeholder’s system value under uncertainty is presented. The resulting designs and the influences of the multiple stakeholders are discussed, showing that the identification and incorporation of the important stakeholders are critical to the systems engineering process and value-based design in particular.
Threshold for Fatigue Crack Propagation and the Effects of Load Ratio and Frequency

The threshold in the alternating range of stress intensity factor for fatigue crack growth is investigated for 2024-T3 aluminum. Testing techniques provided displacement control at frequencies up to 1000 Hz. The thresholdis seen to decrease with increasing frequency at a fixed load ratio, dropping by nearly a factor of 2 from 342 to 832 Hz. The threshold is also observed to decrease with increasing load ratio in such a way that is tentatively explained by considerations of crack closure. Some confirmation of this is obtained from direct strain gage measurement of the closure stress intensity, K c , which agrees with that predicted from trends in the threshold data with respect to load ratio.
Some Properties of Chlorophyll Monolayers and Crystalline Chlorophyll

Publisher Summary This chapter explores some of the properties of chlorophyll monolayers and crystalline chlorophyll. The concepts of chlorophyll aggregation in vivo have led many investigators to simulate the functional structure of the photosynthetic apparatus with close-packed monomolecular layers of chlorophyll molecules, possibly oriented in some way, and to study their physical and chemical properties. The state and properties of a monolayer are governed by the molecular structure of the material forming the layer, the temperature, the lateral pressure within the monolayer, and the composition of the sub-phase. Among the more important parameters for characterizing chlorophyll monolayers are the surface pressure vs. area (F-A) isotherms, surface potential, film viscosity, absorption spectrum, and fluorescence spectrum. The F-A isotherms of chlorophyll b monolayers are similar to those of Chl a, but occasionally, the Chl b monolayer isotherms reach a much higher plateau pressure. Compression and decompression of chlorophyll films spread from benzene indicate that benzene can remain trapped in the film and may be squeezed out after the first compression. It is, therefore, recommended that films spread from benzene should always be precompressed before the actual measurement is made.
Otitis externa. Management in the primary care office

Otitis externa is a widespread problem that is most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pain, ear discharge, and edema of the ear canal are the main manifestations. The presence of granulation tissue is an ominous sign that usually indicates necrotizing otitis externa or even a neoplastic process. It is important for primary care physicians to be familiar with methods of ear cleaning and use of topical medications for otitis externa. It is equally vital to be aware of the importance of a timely referral to an otolaryngologist when a serious underlying cause is suspected.
Assessment of carbon dioxide solubility in ionic liquid/toluene/water systems by extended PR and PC-SAFT EOSs: Carbon capture implication

Abstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in CO2 capture using ionic liquids (ILs). To determine the CO2 absorption potential of ILs and their selectivity in the presence of other gaseous components in the mixture, the solubility of ILs at various operating conditions and the influence of impurities/additives such as water and toluene should be evaluated. Carbon capture capacity of the ILs can be examined using various methods such as experiments, thermodynamic approaches including Equations of State (EOSs), and molecular-based modeling. In this research work, the extended Peng–Robinson (PR) and Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) EOSs are utilized to assess the solubility and selectivity of CO2 in ILs through comparing the modeling results with experimental data. PC-SAFT and PR parameters are determined by employing the experimental density data. Modeling results reveal that the solubility values estimated by the PC-SAFT due to considering the association effects have a lower deviation (or a better performance) than PR EOS based on the magnitudes of Absolute Average Deviation (AAD %). The AAD (%) for [bmim][BF4], [bmim][PF6], [bmim][Tf2N], [hmim][Tf2N], [hmim][FAP], and [hmim][FAP] are calculated using PR EOS and PC-SAFT EOS, which are 2–5.7% and 3–7.5%, respectively. Furthermore, ternary systems of CO2 + ILs + water and CO2 + ILs + toluene are modeled to determine the effect of water and toluene on the gas solubility in ILs and viscosity of ILs with PC-SAFT EOS. Based on the results, low concentrations of water (0.1 wt%) have a negligible influence on the CO2 solubility in ILs. However, with increasing the water concentration, the solubility of water reduces significantly. On the other hand, the viscosity of ILs is reduced with increasing the water concentration. Viscosity reduction in the hydrophilic ILs is significant. It seems promising to add water up to 10 wt% to hydrophilic ILs, since a decrease in the viscosity to an amount close to the viscosity of water and a decrease in solubility by 9% are experienced. Finally, the selectivity of [hmim][Tf2N] in separation of CO2 from mixtures containing H2S, SO2, CH4, and H2 are reported. Based on the results, [hmim][Tf2N] is not appropriate for separation of CO2 from streams with a high concentration of H2S and SO2 gases.
Korean perceptions of transboundary air pollution and domestic coal development: Two framing experiments

Abstract This paper examines how exposure to messages about the cause of seasonal air pollution in Korea influences the Korean public's satisfaction with efforts to address the problem. It also assesses the impact of frames that accentuate the costs and benefits of the nation's coal usage on individuals’ support for coal-based energy development. It draws from framing theory to develop hypotheses tested in two distinct survey experiments that recruited a representative sample of residents living in the Seoul Metropolitan area. We find that frames that highlight the need for immediate policy action, by blaming China, Korea or both nations, decreases satisfaction with existing national efforts. Moreover, frames that attribute blame exclusively to China decrease satisfaction with China's efforts to combat the problem. On the domestic front, we find that Koreans’ views toward increased coal use are a function of exposure to a coal-costs or coal-benefits frame; however, when the frames appear simultaneously in competition, considerations about the economic benefits overpower concerns about the negative health effects. The results emphasize how frames can shift perceptions about the need for policy action as well as in securing public support or opposition toward a specific “polluting” energy source.