cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent responses to pediatric pain: The differential effects of ethnicity on opioid consumption.

Abstract Objective Within the context of the United States opioid epidemic, some parents often fear the use of opioids to help manage their children's postoperative pain. As a possible consequence, parents often do not dispense optimal analgesic medications to their children after surgery, putting their children at risk of suffering from postsurgical pain. The objective of this research was to assess ethnicity as a predictor of both pain and opioid consumption, and to examine how Hispanic/Latinx and Non-Hispanic White parents alter their child's opioid consumption in response to significant postsurgical pain. Methods Participants were 254 children undergoing outpatient tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy surgery and their parents. Longitudinal multilevel modeling examined changes in both parent-reported pain and hydrocodone/APAP consumption (mg/kg) on days 1 to 7 after surgery. Results Parent reports of postoperative pain were higher in Hispanic/Latinx patients compared to their Non-Hispanic White counterparts (β = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.28, −0.01). There was also a significant interaction of ethnicity and pain on opioid consumption (β = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13). The relationship between parent perceived pain and opioid use was stronger for Non-Hispanic White children, suggesting that this group was more likely to consume opioids to help manage clinically significant postsurgical pain. Conclusions Hispanic/Latinx children might be at risk for undertreatment of surgical pain. Findings highlight the importance of assessing parent background and cultural beliefs as predictors of at home pain management and the potential effectiveness of tailored interventions that educate parents about monitoring and treating child postoperative pain.
The gene brain tumor constrains growth to ensure proper patterning during regeneration in Drosophila imaginal discs

Abstract Regeneration after injury happens in a complex environment that requires precise orchestration of cell proliferation and establishment of correct patterning and cell-fate specification to ensure a fully functional outcome. Regenerative growth needs to be controlled and constrained to prevent overgrowth and to allow differentiation. However, the factors that are required to restrict regeneration to facilitate patterning of the regenerating tissue and establishment of correct cell fates have not been identified. Using a genetic ablation system in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we have identified the gene brain tumor (brat) as a protective factor that shields the regenerating tissue from excessive pro-growth gene activation and enables correct patterning and cell-fate specification. Regenerating discs with reduced levels of brat are unable to pattern correctly resulting in adult wings with a disrupted wing margin. This mis-patterning is due to elevated levels of the pro-growth factor Myc and the self-renewal factor Chinmo, which lead to suppression of the cell fate-specification gene cut (ct). Thus, Brat protects regenerating tissue from erroneous patterning by constraining expression of pro-regeneration genes.
Bridging the Timescales of Single-Cell and Population Dynamics

A new theoretical framework connects the exponential growth of a cell population to the stochastic replication of individual cells within the population.
Predictors of Survival to Hospital Discharge with IABP Use in Acute Myocardial Infarction with Cardiogenic Shock

Purpose Landmark trial data suggests intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use does not reduce mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS). However, significant heterogeneity in shock severity exists in AMI-CS cohorts. Predictors of survival in AMI-CS managed with IABP have not been fully studied. Methods We performed a single center retrospective analysis of patients presenting with AMI-CS that underwent IABP insertion between 2014 and 2019. Survival data was obtained using EMR vital status query. We reviewed demographic, vitals, laboratory, EKG, catheterization, and hemodynamic data when available. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for continuous variable comparisons between patients who died before discharge and patients who survived to hospital discharge after IABP insertion. Chi-square or fisher exact tests were used to test association of categorical variables with the outcome variable. Results Of the 120 patients included in the study, 84 patients (70%) survived the hospitalization. Univariate analysis showed that survivors to hospital discharge were younger (mean age=62.71±11.85 vs 67.1±12.01; P=0.024), presented with lower INR (mean=1.23± 0.30 vs 1.85±0.75), serum creatinine (mean= 1.42±0.99 vs 1.91±1.15; P=0.002), and lactic acid (mean=2.65±2.15 vs 6.1±5.1; P=0.0007). Patients who survived had higher serum hemoglobin (mean= 12.85±2.57 vs 10.87±3.26 P= 0.0002), and were much less likely to be on inotrope or pressor support prior to IABP insertion (38% vs 83%, p= 1.39 E-05). Conclusion In this single center retrospective study of AMI-CS patients managed with IABP, several clinical variables were significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge and suggested an earlier or less severe stage of shock. Our findings highlight the need for additional studies to define predictors of survival in AMI-CS managed with IABP, which may guide optimal selection of a subset of AMI-CS that has favorable outcomes with IABP support.
ZOOM Sandwich: An Adaptable Model for Distance Learning

Distance learning is the education of students who may not often be physically present. Internet technology has made many possible ways of distance learning by open educational tools and services, such as e-learning and MOOCs. The distance learning technologies are divided into two types of delivery: synchronous learning and asynchronous learning. The two methods can be combined to create a hybrid learning model. In this work, we will discuss an adaptable hybrid teaching model we call it Zoom Sandwich. The model utilizes the benefits of both methods and integrates active learning techniques where students learn the concepts and topics online and then come to the classroom for application through interactive groups and class level discussions utilizing technology breakout rooms and chat platforms. We also consider the best practices to humanize online learning and increase students' and instructors' social presence. Covid-19 Pandemic changed the way institutions conduct business and provide services. To fight the spread of coronavirus, schools across the country have temporarily closed and transitioned to distance learning. This provided an opportunity for cybercriminals to hack and expose human vulnerabilities. We are proposing a set of security best practices and policies to countermeasures the cyberattacks.
DNA Supercoiling and Its Consequences for Chromosome Structure and Function

Gyrase was the first type II enzyme discovered, and it remains unique for its ability to introduce negative supercoils into relaxed, positively or negatively supercoiled DNA at the expense of ATP binding and hydrolysis. An essential enzyme in bacteria, gyrase is critical for nearly all complex transactions that involve DNA, including recombination, replication, transcription, and chromosome segregation. The homeostatic supercoil regulation model was inspired by two observations. First, many promoters sense supercoiling levels. Second, expression of gyrase increases when the chromosome becomes relaxed, whereas the expression of topo I requires high supercoiling levels. Chromosome replication has three critical stages (initiation, elongation, and segregation), each with different supercoiling problems. For initiation, the two strands of oriC must separate to allow assembly of the replication machinery (the replisome). Transcription encompasses supercoiling problems similar in two respects to those of replication. First, transcription initiation requires unpairing of the DNA duplex, and supercoiling can influence this step as it does in initiation of DNA replication. Second, transcription is similar to replication in that movement of RNA polymerase generates temporary positive supercoiling ahead of, and negative supercoiling behind, the DNA segment that is being transcribed. The torsional effects of transcription have been studied with supercoil-sensitive promoters by measuring the formation of Z-DNA and by monitoring the extrusion of cruciforms. Homologous and site-specific genetic recombination, adaptive mutation, "supercoil regulated" gene transcription, gene order on chromosomes, and plasmid-chromosome replication segregation are all phenomena that are likely to be influenced by DNA dynamics.
Giant left atrium associated with mitral valve prolapse.

To the Editor: I thoroughly enjoyed Hurst’s dissertation on the etiology of a giant left atrium1 and concurred that a giant left atrium seldom results from severe mitral regurgitation due to a nonrheumatic cause such as mitral valve prolapse. Although I would never dare to challenge Dr Hurst on anything he said or wrote, because I consider him not only as the master clinician of the century but also as my mentor, I thought it might be of interest to point out that there were 2 cases reported in the literature of a giant left atrium associated with mitral valve prolapse.2,3⇓ The presentation in both cases was the Ortner syndrome. Ortner4 in 1897 described 2 patients with mitral stenosis and hoarseness …
Observability analysis for surface sensor location in encased battery cells

Compact battery pack design and cooling requirements present significant challenges for the placement of temperature sensors. Typically, temperature sensors are located near the edge of the battery, and away from the hottest regions, which leads to slower response times and increased errors in the prediction of interior cell temperature. New sensor technology allows for sensor placement between cells to improve sensor performance. With the ability to place sensors anywhere on the exterior of the cell, an observability analysis is necessary to determine the optimal locations for these sensors. The analysis is performed using a spatial discretization of a validated electrothermal model. This model describes a 5 Ah Li-ion cell harvested from a Ford C-max 2013 pack. Given that the spatial discretization of the heat partial differential equation (PDE) governing the system results in singular values that are very small (numerically zero), two methods are presented in this paper to quantify observability and address the issue of optimal sensor placement. The optimal sensor placement between cells yields a 240% improvement (for 3 sensors on the surface) and 15% improvement (for one sensor on the surface) in observability over existing sensor placement near the top edge of the cell. The pack geometry and airflow conditions impact sensor placement. It is preferable to place the sensors towards the outlet side of the airflow as opposed to the inlet side, resulting in a 13% improvement in observability.
k-NN text classification using an FPGA-based sparse matrix vector multiplication accelerator

Text classification is an important enabling technology for a wide range of applications such as Internet search, email filtering, network intrusion detection, and data mining electronic documents in general. The k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) text classification algorithm is among the most accurate classification approaches, but is also among the most computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose accelerating k-NN using a novel reconfigurable hardware based architecture. More specifically, we accelerate a k-NN application's core with an FPGA-based sparse matrix vector multiplication coprocessor. On average our implementation shows a speed up factor of 15 over a naive single threaded CPU implementation of k-NN text classification for our datasets, and a speed up factor of 1.5 over a 32-threaded parallelized CPU implementation.
Leukocyte Depletion of Blood Cardioplegia Attenuates Reperfusion Injury

Abstract Background . Leukocytes are associated with myocardial injury during reperfusion after ischemia. Short periods of leukocyte depletion during reperfusion result in persistent attenuation of postischemic myocardial dysfunction. Methods . Leukocyte depletion was examined in a canine model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The extracorporeal circuit and cardioplegia circuits underwent leukocyte depletion by mechanical filtration. Animals were instrumented for baseline global function before 90-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Global function during ischemia and at 5, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after a 60-minute cardioplegic arrest using continuous blood cardioplegia was assessed in leukocyte-depleted (n = 9) and control (n = 10) groups. Results . No significant difference between groups was seen for systemic leukocyte counts, global function, or water content. Endothelial function was significantly protected as assessed by response to both calcium ionophore (endothelial-dependent, receptor-independent relaxation: leukocyte-depleted, 72% ± 19% of endothelin-induced constriction versus control, 46% ± 14%; p p Conclusions . Leukocyte-mediated endothelial reperfusion injury can be attenuated by leukocyte depletion during reperfusion.
Doppler tolerant time separated Golay waveforms

A radar transmission and processing scheme is developed which yields range profile estimates with target mainlobes which are as narrow as possible and sidelobe levels which are low. Specifically, Golay waveforms are implemented via time separated waveform transmission and the Re-Iterative Super Resolution (RISR) algorithm [9]. Doppler tolerance is achieved by using Golay quads in addition to Doppler bin specific fast-time Doppler compensation. The four waveforms of the Golay quad are transmitted in four sequential bursts at a fixed pulse repetition interval. The RISR algorithm is used to separate the received signal into discrete Doppler bins. The separated signal components are then compensated appropriately so that the Golay complementarity property can be exploited. The time separated Golay transmission and processing scheme is illustrated with simple simulation examples.
A Biomechanical Study on the Effects of Hatha Yoga Basic Poses on Muscle Activities

Since people have been more concerned about health and well-being, Yoga has become one of the most popular activities in modern society. However, there are only a few studies which focus on effects...
Gas velocity at fluidization point of clay and chamotte particles

Analysis of the equation obtained C=f (Re) at the fluidization point of clay and chamotte particles shows that at Re=220 the resistance coefficient C is not a function of the Re number, but is constant and close to unity.
Data Mining in Proteomic Mass Spectrometry

Data mining application to proteomic data from mass spectrometry has gained much interest in recent years. Advances made in proteomics and mass spectrometry have resulted in considerable amount of data that cannot be easily visualized or interpreted. Mass spectral proteomic datasets are typically high dimensional but with small sample size. Consequently, advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms are increasingly being used for knowledge discovery from such datasets. Their overall goal is to extract useful information that leads to the identification of protein biomarker candidates. Such biomarkers could potentially have diagnostic value as tools for early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of many diseases. The purpose of this review is to focus on the current trends in mining mass spectral proteomic data. Special emphasis is placed on the critical steps involved in the analysis of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry proteomic data. Examples are drawn from previously published studies and relevant data mining terminology and techniques are exlained.
N form and concentration: Effects on reproductive development, growth and N content of southern peas 1

Abstract Southern peas [Vigna unguiculata, (L.) Walp.] cultured with 100% NH+ 4 produced no viable flowers, while treatments in which NO‐ 3 composed 50% or more of the N form were not significantly different in the number of flowers formed. Flower abortion was least with 100% NO‐ 3 at the lower N concentration and with 75% and 100% NO‐ 3 at the higher N concentration. Further increments of NH+ 4 resulted in greater flower abortion. The trends in flower survival were reflected in the number of pods and number of seed/plant. At the lower N concentration, the addition of NH+ 4 slowed pod maturity, while at the higher N concentration pod maturity was hastened with the addition of up to 50% NH+ 4. The dry weight and N content of tissues were generally greater with the higher N concentration and with N combinations containing predominantly NO‐ 3, but trends varied with the plant part being analyzed. Ammonium appears to adversely influence reproductive development and/or NO‐ 3 is essential to complete the reprod...
In vivo and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging of cuprizone-induced demyelination in the mouse corpus callosum.

Diffusion tensor imaging has been widely used in studying rodent models of white matter diseases. In this study, we examined the differences between in vivo and ex vivo fractional anisotropy and diffusivity measurements in the mouse cuprizone model. In the control mouse corpus callosum, ex vivo diffusivities were significantly lower than in vivo measurements, but ex vivo fractional anisotropy values were not significantly different from in vivo fractional anisotropy values. With cuprizone induced demyelination and accompanying pathology in the corpus callosum, changes in in vivo and ex vivo fractional anisotropy and diffusivity measurements were not always in agreement. Our results suggest that ex vivo λ⟂ was a more reliable indicator of white matter demyelination than in vivo λ⟂ and in vivo λ‖ was a more reliable indicator of axonal injury than ex vivo λ‖ in this model. When comparing in vivo and ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging results of axon and myelin pathology in the rodent models, potential changes in tissue microstructures associated with perfusion fixation should be considered. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of locus coeruleus stimulation on regional cerebral oxygen consumption in the cat.

Abstract Regional cerebral oxygen consumption was determined during stimulation of the intra-axial noradrenergic pathway to quantitate the metabolic effects of this manipulation on cerebral oxygen extraction, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its regional distribution. Regional arterial and venous oxygen saturation were examined microspectrophotometrically. Regional CBF was examined using radioactively tagged microspheres (15 ± 3 μm in diameter). Oxygen consumption was calculated as the regional product of CBF and oxygen extraction. Bipolar concentric electrodes were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally in the locus coeruleus of α-chloralose anesthetized, artificially respired adult mongrel cats. The control group was killed after hemodynamic and CBF measurements were taken. The experimental group was sacrificed after these same measurements were taken before and during 10 min of bilateral locus coeruleus stimulation. The cats' heads were simultaneously sawed in 3 places and quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen-cooled propane. Systolic blood pressure was significantly increased during treatment. The heterogeneity of venous oxygen saturation was significantly reduced by stimulation. Average CBF and oxygen consumption were significantly decreased to 57% and 59% of control, respectively. Oxygen consumption was significantly reduced in the hypothalamus from 1.5 ± 0.3to0.9 ± 0.3ml O2/min/100g and from 3.5 ± 0.9to1.2 ± 0.4ml O2/min/100g in the cerebellum by treatment. Changes in the neuronal and/or synthetic cerebral activity produced regional decreases in cerebral oxygen consumption and secondarily altered CBF. These changes are probably due to interaction of the intraparenchymal noradrenergic pathways with other systems or processes in the brain. The direct innervation of cerebral arterioles and capillaries by the intracerebral noradrenergic pathway does not appear to play a significant role in the regulation of global or regional CBF during locus coeruleus stimulation, as evidenced by the unaltered average or regional oxygen supply to consumption ratio.
Abstract 5548: Comparison of gene expression profile in chromate transformed BEAS-2B cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Background: Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a potent human carcinogen. Occupational exposure has been associated with increased risk of respiratory cancer. Multiple mechanisms have been shown to contribute to Cr(VI) induced carcinogenesis, including DNA damage, genomic instability, and epigenetic modulation, however, the molecular mechanism and downstream genes mediating chromium's carcinogenicity remain to be elucidated. Methods/Results: We established chromate transformed cell lines by chronic exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to low doses of Cr(VI) followed by anchorage-independent growth. These transformed cell lines not only exhibited consistent morphological changes but also acquired the ability to form tumors in nude mice. Interestingly, the gene expression profiles of six Cr(VI) transformed cell lines were remarkably similar to each other yet differed significantly from that of either control cell lines or normal BEAS-2B cells. A total of 409 differentially expressed genes were identified in Cr(VI) transformed cells compared to control cells. Genes related to cell-to-cell junction were upregulated in all Cr(VI) transformed cells, while genes associated with the interaction between cells and their extracellular matrices were down-regulated. Additionally, expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis were also changed. Conclusion: This study is the first to report gene expression profiling of Cr(VI) transformed cells. The gene expression changes across individual chromate exposed clones were remarkably similar to each other but differed significantly from the gene expression found in anchorage-independent clones that arose spontaneously. Our analysis identified many novel gene expression changes that may contribute to chromate induced cell transformation, and collectively this type of information will provide a better understanding of the mechanism underlying chromate carcinogenicity. (This work was supported by grant numbers ES000260, ES014454, ES005512, ES010344 from the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, and grant number CA16087 from the National Cancer Institute) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5548. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5548
Flashlamp Pumped, Room Temperature, Nd:YAG Laser Operating at 0.946 Micrometers

Room temperature operation of flashlamp pumped Nd:YAG at 0.946 micrometers was achieved with a laser rod having undoped ends. Performance was characterized and compared with 1.064 micrometer operation and other quasi four level lasers.
ALLERGIC-TYPE ADVERSE REACTIONS TO LOW OSMOLALITY CONTRAST MEDIA IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF ALLERGY OR ASTHMA

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The author evaluated the hypothesis that the incidence of allergic-type adverse events among atopic and asthmatic cardiac angiography patients would be lower in patients randomized to receive nonionic versus ionic lower osmolal contrast medium. METHODS Enrollment criteria included a history of food allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis or pollinosis but not prior contrast media-induced adverse events. One hundred forty-two patients enrolled were randomized to receive either the ionic agent ioxaglate or nonionic iopamidol. Patients and investigators were masked. Sixty-eight patients received iopamidol, and 74 received ioxaglate. Group means were compared using the unpaired Student's t test. Contingency tables were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Allergic-type adverse events (excluding flushing, warmth, and cardiac events) were recorded in 8 of 68 patients in the iopamidol group versus 19 of 74 in the ioxaglate group. Ioxaglate was more likely to be associated with a reaction than iopamidol (P < 0.05, chi-square test). Iopamidol was more likely to be associated with flushing when considered independently (38 of 68) than use ioxaglate (24 of 74)(P < 0.005, chi-square test). There was no difference in the incidence of cardiac events, or any combination of allergic-type adverse events, cardiac events, and flushing in patients who received iopamidol or ioxaglate. CONCLUSION In this double-masked study, iopamidol caused fewer allergic-type adverse events (excluding flushing and cardiac events) but more flushing than ioxaglate in patients with a history of asthma or atopic disease. When cardiac events also were considered, there was no difference in the incidence of reactions after iopamidol and ioxaglate.
Transition between curved and angular textures in binary fluid convection

We report a transition from a curved texture to an angular texture in Rayleigh-B{acute e}nard convection in a mixture of ethanol and water. The transition occurs as the Rayleigh number is reduced from a high value and approaches the traveling-wave branch and is observed at negative values of the separation ratio in fluid mixtures, but not in a pure fluid. We show that this transition may be understood in terms of a generalization of the Swift-Hohenberg free energy functional. A large increase in wave-number rigidity is observed as the traveling-wave transition is approached. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Kalman filtering over wireless fading channels - How to handle packet drop

In this paper we consider estimation of dynamical systems over wireless fading communication channels using a Kalman filter. We show the impact of the stochastic communication noise on the estimation process. We furthermore show how noisy packets should be handled in the receiver. More specifically, we illustrate the impact of the availability of a cross-layer information path on the optimum receiver design. In the absence of a cross-layer information path, it was shown that packet drop should be designed to balance information loss and communication noise in order to optimize the performance. In the presence of a cross-layer path, we show that keeping all the packets will minimize the average estimation error covariance. We also derive the stability condition in the presence of noisy packets and show that it is independent of the shape of the communication noise variance or availability of a cross-layer information path.
Biblical love poetry (... and God)

Using George Bataille's reflection on desire, death, and God as the basis for considering the love poetry of the Song of Songs as a manifestation of the comingling of separate realms and separate bodies in the service of a longed-for continuity helps us to see that such a commingling is never far from the domain of violence and that such continuity is never far from death. But the biblical book itself helps us to see something that is missing from Bataille's analysis - that is, a more complex understanding of the implications of desire for the divine. What if, contra Bataille, God were not by definition immune to risk? What if the divine were not understood to be perfection but, rather, bound as well to the vicissitudes of desire, with all the anguish and ecstasy that it implies? The Song of Song's lyrical presentation of Eros, carried over as it is into the tradition of allegorical interpretation, may, in fact, have rather profound implications for how we talk about God.
The universal low frequency responses of ionic conductors: A review of data and a unified model interpretation

Abstract Dielectric relaxation, AC conductivity, ultrasonic attenuation, complex impedance, internal friction and spin-relaxation measurements on Naβ-alumina and their model interpretationsthat have been proposed are reviewed. Remarkable interrelations between the different data pieces are shown to exist, and all the data conform to the predictions of a unified and universal model proposed by the author for condensed matter in general.
Finite element modeling of the dynamic response of a MEMS sensor

A finite element formulation is presented for modeling microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to predict the behavior of dynamic response of piezoelectric ceramics subjected to both mechanical and electrical loadings. The FEM formulation presented is based on variational principle using the concept of virtual work. An unconditionally stable method for direct integration of the equations of piezoelectric material is introduced and can be put in the form of 3-step linear multistep method of second order equations. A thin cantilever plate with PZT sensor mounted on it, is investigated to show the feasibility of analysis using 20 node isoparametric 3D piezoelectric elements, flat-shell elements, transition elements which are implemented for the numerical analysis. Under a given initial loading, a structure would deform accordingly, and the distributed sensor outputs could be calculated at each time step. Such calculation can be used as design tool for MEMS structures containing sensors and actuators.
The 2005 hurricane season: An echo of the past or a harbinger of the future?

[1] Recent Atlantic hurricane activity raises several questions. For example, why was the 2005 season so early and active and are there similarities with the past? We show that parallels exist between 2005 and previously active years. Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies beginning in winter aided the formation of early storms. On longer timescales SST, sea level pressure and zonal winds exhibit multidecadal variability; weaker easterlies during the positive phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) result (via ocean-atmosphere interactions) in warmer water and increased hurricane activity. However, individual active years appear independent of the AMO phase.
Promoting a Culture of Thinking in the Young Child

Conscious of the interplay between nature and nurture in determining a child’s individuality and success in life, the author embarked a group of teachers in an action research project towards nurturing a culture of thinking in young children. Considering the positive effects of routines in early learning experiences, the research consisted in implementing thinking routines to engage young children’s minds in thinking activities. The study took place in two Reggio-inspired schools where participating teachers documented children’s work as part of their teaching. The documentation was a key element to make children’s thinking visible as they installed the culture and language of thinking in their classrooms. The study found that thinking routines build up positive attitudes about thinking and learning. By re-visiting their documented work children developed metacognitive and critical thinking skills which make them more alert to situations that call for thinking.
Epilog: Reflections on Psychological Testing with The Angel of Death

HE most central question raised by the Angel Project from my perspective is the degree to which data based upon listeners’ experience with my work can be effectively generalized. This is not to suggest that my psychologist colleagues overstep their competence by claiming any undue scope for their findings. In my view they do not. I, in turn, am wary of making assertions that are outside my competence as an artist. But the creative process itself is so variegated, its facets so differently manifested from one person to the next, that neither the compositional process nor its assumed goals can be thought of as consistent. To imagine that immediate and wide-reaching generalization might be possible, therefore, would be to seriously misunderstand the realities of the world of contemporary, international concert music. There is an unprecedented profusion of stylistic and technical allegiances now, and the kind of extrapolations that were possible in 1800 are no longer. If it is a fact that the desire to generalize regarding the details of procedure and stylistic consistency now is—as I believe—circumstantially doomed, this surely does not mean that the experiments reported here are without value. It has seemed urgent to me that there be a serious and broadly conceived examination of the relationship(s) between how composers make their music (including what they assume is heard by sympathetic listeners), and the actual experience that listeners report. Though I took only a small part in suggesting what should be examined in this project, I have been interested in and impressed by what was looked at and what was discovered. It seems appropriate to me that an examination of the assumptions embedded in contemporary musical discourse begin by asking what com
Pushing the limits of digital imaging using structured illumination

The present work describes an active stereo apparatus that can not only recover scene geometry but also resolve spatial detail beyond the camera optical cutoff. The apparatus is comprised of a camera and a projector whose center-of-perspective is located in the camera pupil plane1. The scene is illuminated with warped sinusoidal patterns as opposed to periodic or coded patterns. The findings reported in this work can help design imaging systems that feature improved optical resolution and 3D acquisition capabilities.
Ising spin system on a Cayley tree: i-δ relations

Abstract The i -δ relations, used in recent theories of the transition region of Ising ferromagnets, are shown to be exact on a Cayley tree. The proof uses a theorem due to Falk, and the Callen-Suzuki identity.
High temperature rapid reactive joining of dissimilar materials: Silicon carbide to an aluminum alloy

Abstract An effective method for bonding of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic to 5083 Aluminum metal-alloys was developed. This method employed the concept of high-temperature rapid heterogeneous combustion reaction to joint dissimilar materials. Scaled-up welding apparatus, which can accommodate specimens of up to 5″ in diameter and 6″ in height and allow a rapid (∼10 ms) load application (up to 1000 MPa) on the joining stack during reaction, was designed and built. An exothermic mixture of titanium and carbon powders (molar ratio 1:0.4) was utilized as a joining reactive layer. Uniform crack-free bonding of SiC to 5083 Al-alloy was accomplished both without and with application of loads. SEM and focused ion beam (FIB) images revealed that ∼10 μm (without load) and ∼500 nm (with load) transitional joining layers along the interfaces were observed, respectively. Compositional and mechanical properties of joined samples were also characterized by EDS analysis and Vickers microhardness investigations.
DIABETES, INSULIN, TOLBUTAMIDE, AND GLUCOSE LOAD IN THE DEGRADATION OF C-14-LABELED LACTATE AND PYRUVATE.

In two insulin-dependent diabetic patients, mild ketoacidosis was accompanied by a decrease in the formation of C-14-O2 from DL-lactate-2-C-14 to about two thirds of the values obtained when the patients were in good control. One patient received the labeled compound by single intravenous injection in trace amount and the other by intravenous infusion with a load of DL-sodium lactate. Prior intravenous administration of insulin in these two patients caused no increase in output of C-14-O2 above that in the control state, and a minor, insignificant increase in two milder diabetic patients (one given DL-lactate-2-C-14 with an infusion of glucose, the other DL-lactate-2-C-14 without glucose). The activity of C-14 in expired carbon dioxide of diabetic patients (in good control) was 10 to 25 per cent less than that of one nondiabetic subject after administration of DL-lactate-2-C-14. In the latter patient, and in another nondiabetic given pyruvate-2-C-14, the rapid intravenous injection of 25 gm. of glucose twenty minutes before the labeled compound was accompanied by more rapid and extensive formation of C-14-O2 than in the fasting state. Tolbutamide in two studies (one with DL-lactate-2-C-14 and a prior glucose load in a nondiabetic, and the other with DL-lactate-3-C-14 in a mild diabetic) had no apparent effect on the formation of C-14-O2. Comparison of lactate-2-C-14 with lactate-3-C-14 in one diabetic patient showed 50 per cent higher specific activity of C-14-O2 from the former labeled compound. Studies of the concentration of lactic acid in the blood and rate of disappearance of DL-lactate-2-C-14 further indicated mild lactic acidemia which was associated with decreased elimination of lactic acid-C-14 from the blood of these diabetic patients.
Perceptual interactions of facial dimensions in speeded classification and identification

The representation underlying the identification and classification of semirealistic line drawings taken from a computer model of the face was investigated by using a speeded classification task and an identification task. These data were analyzed by using a multidimensional extension of signal detection theory, within which varieties of perceptual interactions between dimensions within and across stimuli can be characterized. The dimensions of interest here were eye separation, nose length, and mouth width. The response time and accuracy data from the speeded classification task suggest that processing of a given feature did depend on whether other features were present or absent, but given that other features were present, the results strongly support separability (a macrolevel, across-stimulus form of invariance) for all pairs of facial dimensions used. This separability was confirmed by the subsequent identification task. Owing to its greater resolution, the identification task can reveal interactions that might exist at more microlevels of processing. In fact, the identification data did indicate the presence of perceptual dependence between facial dimensionswithin a stimulus when the dimensions that were varied were close in spatial proximity (i.e., eye separation and nose length). Within the theoretical framework, perceptual dependence can be interpreted as correlated noise between otherwise separate channels (and hence, is logically distinct from separability). This dependence was greatly reduced for dimensions that were more distant (eyes and mouth). The relation between these results and the configural effects that have been observed with faces as stimuli in other studies is discussed.
A Rare Mullerian Duct Anomaly Not Included in the Classification System by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine

This is a case report of a 37-year-old female with a uterine septum (two cavities), a normal single fundal contour, two cervices, and a longitudinal vaginal septum. This is a rare finding that is not described in the current classification system by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
A new mathematical approach to multi-area power system reliability evaluation

Abstract In the original interconnected system reliability model the system state space consists of a set of all n-tuples X = (x1, x2,…, xl, xl+1,…, xn) where x1, x2, x3,…, xl are generation capacities and xl+1, …, xn are intertie capacities. Corresponding to each load state i we have state space Si. For each Si there exists a map Fi:Si → R. For each i, Si is then decomposed into sets of acceptable states Aks and sets of unacceptable states Bls. Each Bl is then classified accordingly as it is a loss of load in a particular area or not. Then the appropriate reliability indices are calculated. In this approach the maximal flow function is viewed as a map F: ∪iSi → R. It is shown that F is a piecewise linear function. It is also shown that there is a one-one correspondence between B sets with the same area loss of load to each of the linear functions. A useful result which aids in the reduction of computational time of frequency calculation of loss of load is then derived.
Oral Toxicity of Chlordane, Hydramethylnon, and Imidacloprid to Free-Foraging Workers of Camponotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The oral toxicity of the delayed-action insecticide hydramethylnon, in contrast to the acute toxins chlordane and imidacloprid, was evaluated in free-foraging workers of the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer), gathering insecticide-laced, sugar-milk baits. Hydramethylnon was slower acting than either chlordane or imidacloprid. When workers fed upon 500-ppm baits, hydramethylnon killed ants significantly more slowly (LT50 [95% CL] = 12.7 [12.5-12.9] d) than did chlordane (1.3 [1.1-1.4] d) or imidacloprid (0.3 [0.1-0.5] d). All toxicants were transferred via trophallaxis (i.e., indirect exposure). In ants exposed to a single forager that fed upon a 500-ppm bait (i.e., the donor ant), hydramethylnon caused death significantly more slowly (LT50 [95% CL] = 12.2 [11.9-12.4] d) than did chlordane (4.1 [3.8-4.4] d) or imidacloprid (0.9 [0.8-1.0] d). In both direct and indirect exposures, significant concentration-dependent time delays before mortality were observed with each toxin. Donor ants in indirect exposures survived after gathering and transferring sugar-milk bait laced with chlordane or hydramethylnon but did not survive their exposure to imidacloprid. On the basis of these and other analyses, we identify delayed-action toxins suitable for carpenter ant baits.
Light hadron spectrum of quenched QCD on a 32 3 × 64 lattice

We have measured the spectrum of light hadrons ($\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}$, ${a}_{1}$, ${b}_{1}$, $\frac{{f}_{0}}{{a}_{0}}$, $N$, and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$) in the quenched approximation to lattice QCD on a ${32}^{3}$ \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 64 lattice at $\ensuremath{\beta}=\frac{6}{{g}^{2}}=6.5$. For these measurements we have used staggered quark propagators from two different wall sources. The quark masses used were ${m}_{q}=0.01$, ${m}_{q}=0.005$, and ${m}_{q}=0.025$ (lattice units), allowing an $\frac{{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}{{m}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}}$ as low as \ensuremath{\sim} 0.4. We were able to verify the PCAC relation ${m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}\ensuremath{\propto}{m}_{q}$, and estimate ${f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}=93(4)$ MeV.
Biconical Bob Oscillatory Interfacial Rheometer

Abstract This paper describes a biconical bob oscillatory interfacial rheometer designed to measure the dynamic viscoelastic response of a liquid–liquid interface subjected to a small amplitude oscillatory shear stress. This instrument is used to examine the rheological behavior of interfaces in the presence of surfactants, especially macromolecular types. Rheological parameters are calculated from a hydrodynamic analysis incorporating a linear viscoelastic interfacial rheological model. The general response of this instrument is compared with the oscillatory deep channel interfacial rheometer which is also capable of similar measurements. Measurements of interfacial viscoelasticity for the same liquid–liquid system with the two rheometers, the biconical bob and the deep channel rheometers, are shown to be comparable. This study demonstrates the intrinsic nature and, therefore, the instrument independence of these dynamic interfacial rheological properties. Accurate measurements of interfacial shear viscoelasticity can be carried out over a wide range of systems by combining measurements with the oscillatory interfacial rheometers. The limitations and regime of usefulness of these instruments are discussed.
Consistency of drug–drug and gene–drug interaction information in US FDA-approved drug labels

Aim: To characterize concordance between clinically relevant drug–drug interactions (DDIs) related to CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 and their analogous gene–drug interactions (GDIs) in US FDA-approved drug labeling. Methods: We selected prototypical CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 inhibitors and abstracted all respective interacting drugs via a tertiary resource used in the clinical setting. We then selected only CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 metabolism-related DDIs requiring enhanced clinical monitoring, dose adjustment or use of alternative drugs. Labeling and management strategies on DDIs and GDIs were compared. Results: Among the drug labels with DDI information, 73% of them describe the analogous GDI. Of the 65 drug labels, 43 and 17% had specific management recommendations for DDIs and GDIs, respectively. In general, GDI management recommendations were concordant with DDI management recommendations in terms of specific dose adjustments or use of alternative drugs. Conclusion: The FDA has recognized genetic dif...
Comparison of an internally coordinated 2-pentenyllithium with its 4-sila analog. Structure and dynamic behavior: unexpected 13C7Li spin coupling.

Four allylic lithium compounds have been prepared with a tethered ligand, (CH3OCH2CH2)2NCH2C(CH3)2-L, attached to a terminal allyl carbon. They are equimolar equilibrium mixtures of 3-endo-L-allyllithium with 3-exo-L-allyllithium, 9en and 9ex, respectively, and (separately) 1-exo-TMS-3-endo-L-allyllithium with 1-exo-TMS-3-exo-L-allyllithium, 13en and 13ex, respectively. Carbon-13 NMR analysis shows that all four compounds are monomeric and internally coordinated, the allyl moiety in each one is partially localized, and 7Li is spin coupled to both 31C1 and 13C2 of allyl. NMR line shape changes show that 9en, 9ex, 13en, and 13ex all undergo fast transfer of the lithium-coordinated ligand between faces of the allyl planes at low temperatures. Within each equilibrium system the compound with the exo-tethered ligand inverts faster than its endo analog. All four compounds invert faster in THF-d10 compared to in diethyl ether-d10 as solvent. Corresponding Eyring activation parameters are reported. Also, inversio...
Urinary Tract Stones

Urinary tract stone disease is one of the most common urologic conditions in the US, with a lifetime prevalence of about 13% for men and 7% for women. In this article we review the management of urinary tract stones and discuss when to seek urologic consultation. We cover epidemiologic data, stone types, presenting symptoms, imaging, metabolic evaluation and risk factors, and medical management strategies. We also discuss the indications for surgical intervention and the common operative procedures currently available.
The particulate half-cystine-rich copper protein of newborn liver. Relationship to metallothionein and subcellular localization in non-mitochondrial particles possibly representing heavy lysosomes

Abstract The particulate half-cystine-rich copper protein of newborn liver can be partially purified by centrifugation of the heavy mitochondrial fraction through glycogen-sucrose or sucrose density gradients. The resulting sediments contained about 4% copper, about 20% half-cystine and a 2 to 3-fold increase in β-glucuronidase specific activity. The copper protein is not a true mitochondrial constituent and the data are consistent with its localization in a distinct population of heavy lysosomes. The amino acid composition of the polypeptide isolated from the crude insoluble copper protein is strikingly similar to that of metallothionein, suggesting that the neonatal protein represents a copper-rich form of metallothionein.