cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual Stage Input Coupled Split Power Transmission Efficiency Optimization

Split power continuously variable transmissions can offer clutchless transitions from reverse through park and into the forward driving mode. The advantages of these transmissions can include elimination of a launch device while maintaining the continuous variability and fuel economy benefits of conventional CVTs. This paper offers further improvements to the transmission by providing an efficiency optimization methodology. Models for the transmission are constructed. A genetic algorithm is developed for the optimization routine. The effects of the gear material strength, gear module, gear tooth width, and shaft offset on the efficiency are determined. The bearing diameters and gear parameters are calculated and reviewed. Power loss contributions are presented in conjunction with their effect on the overall transmission efficiency. Recommendation for further improvements to the methodology is made.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
PREDICTING THE WATER ACTIVITY OF MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS FROM WATER SORPTION ISOTHERMS OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS

Plots of log (water activity/mole fraction water) against the square of the mole fraction solute, usually give straight lines having slopes K. Norrish (J. Food Tech 1966, 1: 251 used K derived for binary solutions in an equation for calculating water activities of multicomponent systems, but this equation gave inaccurate results when used on solutions where a deviation from linearity occurs, or when the linear portion of the plot does not go through the origin. By using both intercept and slope, and adding a correction factor that corresponds to the contribution of the intercept to the total solute interactions to Norrish's equation for multicomponent systems, an equation was derived that accurately predicted water activities of multicomponent systems. This concept of utilizing the intercept was applied to systems containing solids whose molecular weights are not well defined. Plots of log (water activity/moles water in 100g solution) against the square of the weight percent solids in the system, gave a series of straight-line segments. Slopes and intercepts were different for each concentration range where the straight line segments lie. An equation was derived based on this equation for water activity as a function of concentration. In the derivation, moisture transfer between two components and equality of the water activities of all phases at equilibrium was considered. The derived equation predicted accurately equilibrium water activities of mixtures of two solids.
culture change and psychosocial adjustment

Three positions identified in the literature on the relationship between culture change and psychosocial adjustment are tested in a comparative study of Inuit (Eskimos) and Cree Indians in a northern Canadian settlement. Both descriptive and statistical evidence indicate that no universal association between change and adjustment obtains and that any relationship existing between them is case-specific and is due to the situational and cultural contexts of change. Implications of these findings for theory and research are also suggested.
Methodology for implementation of unmanned vehicle control on FPGA using system generator

This paper explores the use of the Xilinx's system generator development tool for the implementation of control algorithms on Xilinx field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The Simulink plug in complements traditional hardware description language (HDL) by providing a graphical language with a higher level of abstraction for the development of FPGA designs. After taking into consideration the challenges of converting control designs that have been implemented and verified within the Simulink environment to FPGA hardware implementation, a systematic approach is presented. As a case study, a FPGA implementation of a control system was derived and verified for a simulated unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The design example demonstrates the validity of the presented method as an efficient and reliable method for rapid system prototyping for designs developed using the Simulink environment.
An Unbiased Analysis Method to Quantify mRNA Localization Reveals Its Correlation with Cell Motility

SUMMARY LocalizationofmRNA isacriticalmechanismusedby a large fraction of transcripts to restrict its translation to specific cellular regions. Although current highresolution imaging techniques provide ample information, the analysis methods for localization have either been qualitative or employed quantification in nonrandomly selected regions of interest. Here, we describe an analytical method for objective quantification of mRNA localization using a combination of two characteristics of its molecular distribution, polarization and dispersion. The validity of the method is demonstrated using single-molecule FISH images of budding yeast and fibroblasts. Livecell analysis of endogenous b-actin mRNA in mouse fibroblasts reveals that mRNA polarization has a halflife of � 16 min and is cross-correlated with directed cell migration. This novel approach provides insights into the dynamic regulation of mRNA localization and its physiological roles.
Muonic-molecule calculations by variation of functions

Abstract The adiabatic method is generalized by a trial function ψ containing products of arbitrary functions, each of which depends on the internuclear distance and on one ellipsoidal coordinate. The arbitrary functions are varied to optimize ψ. Numerical examples include several S - and P -states of muonic molecules.
Managers' upward influence tactic strategies: the role of manager personality and supervisor leadership style

Why do managers employ certain tactics when they try to influence others? This study proposes and tests theoretical linkages between the five-factor model of personality and managers' upward influence tactic strategies. Longitudinal data from 189 managers at 140 different organizations confirmed that managers scoring high on extraversion were more likely to use inspirational appeal and ingratiation; those scoring high on openness were less likely to use coalitions; those scoring high on emotional stability were more likely to use rational persuasion and less likely to use inspirational appeal; those scoring high on agreeableness were less likely to use legitimization or pressure; and those scoring high on conscientiousness were more likely to use rational appeal. Results also confirmed that managers' upward influence tactic strategies depended on the leadership style of their target (their supervisor). Managers were more likely to use consultation and inspirational appeal tactics when their supervisor was a transformational leader, but were more likely to use exchange, coalition, legitimization, and pressure tactics when their supervisor displayed a laissez-faire leadership style. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective Application of Software Safety Techniques for Automotive Embedded Control Systems

Execution of a software safety program is an accepted best practice to help verify that potential software hazards are identified and their associated risks are mitigated. Successful execution of a software safety program involves selecting and applying effective analysis methods and tasks that are appropriate for the specific needs of the development project and that satisfy software safety program requirements. This paper describes the effective application of a set of software safety methods and tasks that satisfy software safety program requirements for many applications. A key element of this approach is a tightly coupled fault tree analysis and failure modes and effects analysis. The approach has been successfully applied to several automotive embedded control systems with positive results.
Juvenile densities relative to water regime in mainstem reservoirs of the Tennessee River, USA

Successful reproduction and development of strong year classes of fish in storage reservoirs are commonly associated with reproductive seasons of high water level and extensive flooding. Responses to flooding are likely to be less pronounced or altogether different in mainstem navigation reservoirs that experience limited water level fluctuation. In these reservoirs, water regime characteristics such as timing of flooding, instability of water level, and water retention could supersede the effects of water level. We examined existing data to identify aspects of the water regime that have detectable consequence on juveniles of selected taxa in a sequence of four reservoirs of the Tennessee River that exhibited relatively small annual rises. Empirical models relating density of selected age-0 centrarchids to water regime suggested that descriptors of spring and summer flow through the reservoirs, water level instability, and summer water level were better related to juvenile densities than was spring water level. Different water regimes had different effects on the study species, and presumably other species in the fish communities. Therefore, a diversity of water regimes rather than a rigid rule curve is likely most beneficial to the long-term permanence of the fish assemblages of the study reservoirs. Fixed rule curves produce drawdown zones devoid of vegetation consisting primarily of mudflats of limited ecological value to floodplain species, and maintenance of water levels within the rule curve force operational drops and rises that adversely affect littoral spawners. In developing water management plans, regulatory agencies should consider incorporating managed randomness into rule curves.
Differences in Health Care Utilization Between Parents Who Perceive Their Child as Vulnerable versus Overprotective Parents

While a parental perception of child vulnerability to illness/injury is often used interchangeably with parental overprotection, research suggests that they are independent constructs. We hypothesized more frequent pediatric nonwell-child visits for perceived child vulnerability, but not for parental overprotection. The parents of 300 children, ages 2-5 years, enrolled in a health maintenance organization, were sampled. For children without medical conditions, there were no differences in nonwell-child care visits between the high perceived vulner ability and high parental protection groups (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, WRST, P =.31 ). As expected, high parental protection was not significantly associated with increased nonwell-child care visits compared with the low parental protection group (WRST, P=.14). These findings suggest that markers other than health care utilization are required to identify these forms of parent-child relationship disorders.
Dehydration Time Dependence on Piezoelectric and Mechanical Properties of Bovine Cornea

The Young’s Modulus (E) and piezoelectric coefficient (d31) have been investigated as a function of dehydration time for bovine cornea at room temperature. The piezoelectric and mechanical responses observed were anisotropic for bovine cornea and d31 decreased, while E increased with dehydration. In addition, water molecules appear to increase the crystallinity (of collagen) in the cornea. With dehydration of the cornea, reduction of crystallinity and changes in hydrogen bonding were observed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Wide Angle X-ray Diffracion (WAXD) measurements.
Sampling-based selectivity estimation for joins using augmented frequent value statistics

We compare empirically the cost of estimating the selectivity of a star join using the sampling-based t-cross procedure to the cost of computing the join and obtaining the exact answer. The relative cost of sampling can be excessive when a join attribute value exhibits "heterogeneous skew." To alleviate this problem, we propose Algorithm TCM, a modified version of t-cross that incorporates "augmented frequent value" (AFV) statistics. We provide a sampling-based method for estimating AFV statistics that does not require indexes on attribute values, requires only one pass though each relation, and uses an amount of memory much smaller than the size of a relation. Our experiments show that the use of estimated AFV statistics can reduce the relative cost of sampling by orders of magnitude. We also show that use of estimated AFV statistics can reduce the relative error of the classical System R selectivity formula. >
Absorbing boundaries for space plasma simulations

Summary form only. For the simulation of plasma phenomena in infinite space, the computational domain must be surrounded by boundaries that absorb radiation. For spherical computational domains a rigorous absorbing condition can be formulated and implemented. This requires working in spherical polars and expanding surface data in spherical harmonics. A history of the past L steps must be kept for each Lth-order harmonic in order to predict its value at the next step. For Cartesian meshes and box-shaped boundaries, E.C. Lindman's method (J. Comput. Phys., vol.18, p.66, 1975) can be applied on each of the six surfaces. However, it is arithmetic-intensive and it still leaves problems in the eight corners. Opting for the lowest order Lindman scheme and restricting angles of incidence to less than 45 degrees from vertical achieves albedos lower than 0.00003. Since finite-difference methods for Maxwell's equations in vacuo are highly efficient, a wide buffer region can be allowed between radiating plasma sources and boundaries, thereby reducing angles of incidence. A simple PC program using the low-order method has demonstrated how an expanding wave is apparently fully absorbed at the boundaries. >
The role of NMDA and non-NMDA excitatory amino acid receptors in the functional organization of primate retinal ganglion cells

The role of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in primate retinal ganglion cell function was analyzed in a superfused retina-eyecup preparation using single-unit, extracellular recording techniques. The effects of bath applied L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and non-NMDA EAA receptor agonists and antagonists were examined on the light-evoked responses and resting firing rates of ganglion cells. APB (30-100 microM) reduced or blocked the light-evoked responses and resting firing rates of all ON-center ganglion cells; higher doses of APB (100 microM) were required to block the light-evoked responses of ON-transient cells. In contrast, an increase in resting firing rates was observed when L-APB was applied to some OFF-center ganglion cells. The EAA agonists kainate (KA) (10-20 microM) and NMDA (200-350 microM) increased the firing rate of virtually all ganglion cells examined. Quisqualate (10-20 microM) increased firing in most cells, but occasionally (4/13 cases) produced inhibition. The NMDA antagonist D-amino-phosphono-heptanoic acid (D-AP7) (200-250 microM) reduced the light-evoked responses of ganglion cells by an average of 12% from control levels, while resting firing rates declined 37%. In the presence of D-AP7, the basic receptive-field characteristics of cells were not significantly altered. In contrast, two non-NMDA receptor antagonists, NBQX (2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo-(F)-quinoxalinedione) and DNQX (6,7-dinitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione), produced substantial reductions in the light-evoked responses (82%) and resting firing rates (87%) of all ganglion cell classes. A striking observation in some neurons was the recovery of a persistent transient light-evoked response in the presence of NBQX. This NBQX-insensitive, light-evoked response was always blocked by adding D-AP7. Thus, neurotransmission from bipolar to ganglion cells in primates is mediated predominantly by non-NMDA EAA receptors, with NMDA receptors forming a minor component of the light-evoked response.
Regional Returns to Education, Child Labor, and Schooling in India

In an environment where children's time has an economic value and employment opportunities for educated workers are scarce, parental investments in their children's education may not be driven entirely by poverty and credit constraints. We offer evidence from India that higher returns to primary education increase schooling and decrease idleness but have a negligible effect on child labour. Our results suggest that households that are most dependent on their children's income are too poor to respond to the economic benefits of education. Implementing policies that raise the economic benefits of education - such as creating more high-skilled jobs and improving the quality of education - may increase human capital investments in households that do not rely on their children's incomes for survival. However, child labour will persist unless the poorest households are provided with the opportunity to respond to these benefits.
Discovery of Insect Antiallatotropins

The juvenile hormones (JH) were quickly focused upon as potential insecticide substitutes because of their selective morphogenetic effects on insects and their simple chemical structures (Fig. 1). The insect molting hormones (ecdysones) have received less attention from those scientists alert to insecticidal potentials due to their complex steroidal chemistry (Fig. 1). However, some investigators have developed non-steroidal inhibitors of molting hormone synthesis which may also lead to methods of insect control (Robbins et al., 1975). The interest of agricultural scientists in hormonally based insecticides becomes clear when one considers that the juvenile hormones and analogs show a wide range of effectiveness against many insects and in addition they are nonpersistent and reasonably selective to insects. Problems of resistance in field populations have not occurred although resistance of a non-selective sort has been demonstrated in insecticide resistant laboratory cultures (Vinson and Plapp, 1974). Although JR analogs do show some ovicidal activities against certain insects (Slama and Williams, 1966) the principle utility is their ability to interrupt metamorphosis. The juvenile hormones are present in insects throughout all life stages with the exception of those periods during which cellular differentiation is directed towards maturation to the adult stage.
“LET THEM EAT CAKE”: THE MYTHICAL MARIE ANTOINETTE AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

(1993). “Let Them Eat Cake”: The Mythical Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution. The Historian: Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 709-724.
Designing markets for open source production of digital culture goods

Digital culture products are easily reproduced, easily distributed, and subject to endless transmutation, extension and recombination. This sets the stage for the emergence of maturing markets for open source modes of cultural content production. This paper explores two previously unstudied structures of such markets. First, we consider a market that offers products with content access and transmutation rights to consumers and lets them personalize products in the post-purchase environment. Second, we consider an open source production model where producers can trade content access rights that let other producer reuse their content in their own production process. Our experimental results show that, as predicted by theory, total surplus under both options is larger than under the no-tradable- transmutation-rights option. The presence of open source access and transmutation rights diffuses monopoly power without hurting producers. profits. The paper also provides a basic experimental framework for testing many other alternative copyright arrangements and provides further understanding of issues related to the production and exchange of digital information goods.
Aerodynamic Measurements of the 777 Main Landing Gear Model

*† ‡ § . Aerodynamic measurements were taken over two models (13% and 26%) of the 777 high fidelity isolated main landing gear in the 6- by 6-foot Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel (VT-SWT) at a free-stream Mach number of 0.16. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry measurements discussed in this paper are acquired at four locations over the 13% model of the landing gear with no gear door and a truck angle of zero degrees. Flow over the wheels at a Reynolds number based on wheel diameter of 650,000 is investigated and compared with results obtained previously at NASA Langley. Contour plots of average velocity and mean vorticity and vortex visualization are presented for the flow between the braces. Results from flow visualization using tuft over the 26% fully dressed high fidelity landing gear with a truck angle of 13 degrees and a gear door are also presented. Analysis of the captured videos is performed by differentiating the tuft motion into three different categories; namely low, medium and high turbulence, while the direction of the local flow is also indicated. Flow over individual elements of the landing gear is explained in detail and a comprehensive view of the gear depicting the flow interactions over the gear elements is also presented.
National Center for Health Statistics Information

The National Center for Health Statistics is the principal health statistics agency for the United States, and is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The agency has four major data collection programs and conducts targeted surveys, using birth and death records, medical records, interview surveys, and physical exams and laboratory testing. The information and statistics derived from these systems are disseminated in reports and publications, data files, and online querying tools, all of which are made available on the agency’s web site.
POLICE CULTURE AND COERCION

Researchers have long noted the link between police culture and coercion. To date, however, there have been no empirical studies of this relationship. Using data collected as part of a systematic social observation study of the police in Indianapolis, Indiana, and St. Petersburg, Florida, this research examines the relationship between traditional views of police culture—from an attitudinal perspective-and coercion—from a behavioral perspective. After developing a classification scheme of officers' outlooks in the context of police culture, we examine the extent to which officers' alignment with cultural attitudes translates into differences in coercive behavior. The findings indicate that those officers who closely embody the values of the police culture are more coercive compared with those that differentially align with the culture, suggesting that police use of force is a function of officers' varying attitudinal commitments to the traditional view of police culture. The implications of these findings for policy and future research are considered.
SFQ control circuits for Josephson junction qubits

Devices of three types: magnetic pulse generators, read-out circuits, and digital circuits controlling them are needed to support scalable operation of quantum logic based on the Josephson junction qubits. The most natural framework for implementation of such a classical interface to quantum circuits is provided by the RSFQ technology . In this work, we argue, however, that specific qubit requirements can not be satisfied with the conventional RSFQ approach and describe the necessary modifications. We suggest a new structure of the pulse generator based on two long underdamped Josephson junctions which is characterized by the reduced power consumption and reduced output noise. We also show how to trade off power consumption and speed of the digital control circuits by using Josephson junctions with similar values of the shunt resistors but very different critical currents. Finally, we suggest a new read-out circuit which enables dynamic compensation of the backaction down to the level approaching fundamental quantum-mechanical limit.
Towards the 1-cm SARAL orbit

Abstract We have investigated the quality of precise orbits for the SARAL altimeter satellite using Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) data from March 14, 2013 to August 10, 2014. We have identified a 4.31 ± 0.14 cm error in the Z (cross-track) direction that defines the center-of-mass of the SARAL satellite in the spacecraft coordinate system, and we have tuned the SLR and DORIS tracking point offsets. After these changes, we reduce the average RMS of the SLR residuals for seven-day arcs from 1.85 to 1.38 cm. We tuned the non-conservative force model for SARAL, reducing the amplitude of the daily adjusted empirical accelerations by eight percent. We find that the best dynamic orbits show altimeter crossover residuals of 5.524 cm over cycles 7–15. Our analysis offers a unique illustration that high-elevation SLR residuals will not necessarily provide an accurate estimate of radial error at the 1-cm level, and that other supporting orbit tests are necessary for a better estimate. Through the application of improved models for handling time-variable gravity, the use of reduced-dynamic orbits, and through an arc-by-arc estimation of the C22 and S22 coefficients, we find from analysis of independent SLR residuals and other tests that we achieve 1.1–1.2 cm radial orbit accuracies for SARAL. The limiting errors stem from the inadequacy of the DPOD2008 and SLRF2008 station complements, and inadequacies in radiation force modeling, especially with respect to spacecraft self-shadowing and modeling of thermal variations due to eclipses.
A flow law for ilmenite in dislocation creep: Implications for lunar cumulate mantle overturn

We present results from new deformation experiments and a dislocation creep flow law for synthetic ilmenite. The flow law predicts an effective viscosity more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than dry olivine at mantle stresses and temperatures. Using the flow law, we predict that lunar ilmenite-bearing cumulates (IBC) will be weakened by the presence of low-viscosity ilmenite. Dense, low-viscosity IBC are expected to flow into the lunar interior by a process known as cumulate mantle overturn. Low-viscosity IBC that sink to the core-mantle boundary may be dynamically stable with respect to upwelling. A hot, stable layer of IBC surrounding the lunar core would suppress the development of a core dynamo. A layer of partially molten IBC can also explain the inferred zone of seismic attenuation around the lunar core, as well as a low-viscosity layer suggested by tidal dissipation.
Non-Uniqueness in Softening Damage and Cohesive Fracture Models for Concrete or Bone Caused by Ignoring the Size Effect

Abstract: As recently discovered, disregard of the size effect is a major source of uncertainty in the work-of-fracture (or Hillerborg’s) test of the fracture energy and in the calibration of the softening law underlying the cohesive (or fictitious) crack models or the nonlocal softening damage models for concrete and other quasibrittle materials. The classical work-of-fracture test of a notched beam of one size, pioneered for concrete by Hillerborg et al., can deliver acceptable results only for the total fracture energy GF. It is shown that the same complete load-deflection curve of a notched specimen can be closely approximated with stress-separation curves in which the values of tensile strength f't differ by 77% and the values of initial fracture energy Gf by 68%. This ambiguity means that that the one-size work-of-fracture test alone cannot provide a sufficient basis for quasibrittle fracture analysis, especially not for predicting the load capacity of quasibrittle structures. It is found, however, that if this test is supplemented by size effect tests with a sufficient size range, the cohesive crack model or nonlocal softening damage model can be identified unambiguously and render the fracture analysis of quasibrittle structures unambiguously realistic. Vice versa, the size effect fracture tests alone do not suffice for determining the total fracture energy GF. They provide a sufficient basis only for maximum load predictions of normal structures, but not for computing the post-peak softening with the energy absorption capability, nor the peak loads of extremely large quasibrittle structures. However, if the size effect tests of sufficient range are supplemented by one complete softening loaddeflection curve of notched specimens, an unambiguous identification of the peak loads and postpeak responses of structures becomes possible. To this end, the notched specimen tests must be conducted within a certain optimum size range in relation to the material inhomogeneity size. This range is established by extending the previous analysis of Cusatis and Schauffert. A further important general implication of the demonstrated non-uniqueness is that numerous recent studies in which multiscale or other softening damage models are verified by a few tests of one size only are virtually worthless.
A rare cause of chest pain in a cancer patient.

It is well known that cancer and hypercoagulability go hand in hand. Most thromboembolism is venous in nature although arterial thrombosis can occur. Arterial thrombosis secondary to malignancy is usually seen in the lower extremities; however, it can also be seen elsewhere. This is a case of bronchogenic carcinoma with no history of typical atherosclerotic risk factors including smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia presented with chest pain and was found to have an acute ST segment elevation myocardial infection. Coronary angiography showed a large thrombus in the left anterior descending artery in the absence of any atherosclerotic lesions. Malignancy is considered to be the major contributing factor for this myocardial infarction in the absence of both atherosclerotic risk factors and atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary angiography. We will focus on the relationship between cancer and thrombosis with special emphasis on arterial thromboembolism with subsequent development of myocardial infarction. Keywords: cancer; arterial thrombosis; coronary artery disease (Published: 25 April 2016) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2016, 6 : 30827 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v6.30827
Directional acuity of whole-body perturbations during standing balance

Abstract The ability to perceive the direction of whole-body motion during standing may be critical to maintaining balance and preventing a fall. Our first goal was to quantify kinesthetic perception of whole-body motion by estimating directional acuity thresholds of support-surface perturbations during standing. The directional acuity threshold to lateral deviations in backward support-surface motion in healthy, young adults was quantified as 9.5 ± 2.4° using the psychometric method ( n = 25 subjects). However, inherent limitations in the psychometric method, such as a large number of required trials and the predetermined stimulus set, may preclude wider use of this method in clinical populations. Our second goal was to validate an adaptive algorithm known as parameter estimation by sequential testing (PEST) as an alternative threshold estimation technique to minimize the required trial count without predetermined knowledge of the relevant stimulus space. The directional acuity threshold was estimated at 11.7 ± 3.8° from the PEST method ( n = 11 of 25 subjects, psychometric threshold = 10.1 ± 3.1°) using only one-third the number of trials compared to the psychometric method. Furthermore, PEST estimates of the direction acuity threshold were highly correlated with the psychometric estimates across subjects ( r = 0.93) suggesting that both methods provide comparable estimates of the perceptual threshold. Computational modeling of both techniques revealed similar variance in the estimated thresholds across simulations of about 1°. Our results suggest that the PEST algorithm can be used to more quickly quantify whole-body directional acuity during standing in individuals with balance impairments.
Research on PCB Rogowski coils of field assemble

Based on Rogowski coils of printed circuit board,a new structure field assemble of electric current sensor was put forward. After introducing the working principle of Rogowski coils briefly,the new type of electric current sensor is described in detail,including its constitute,structure and working principle. Calculation formula of mutual inductance and self-inductance and resistance of Rogowski coils were given. The results of power frequency show that not only theoretical calculation is in accordance with the test results,but also it has excellent linearity input-output relationship and good selectivity. The frequency test results show that the coils have good frequency response characteristics,and little attenuate of current waveform. The advantages of the new type of electric current sensor is that it can install at site without blackout,and it has no effect on the operation of the electric installation,which lays a good foundation for future popularization and application in power system.
Disparate Impact and the Limits of Local Discretion after Inclusive Communities

In upholding the disparate impact theory of liability under the Fair Housing Act (FHA), the Court simultaneously made sweeping pronouncements in favor of residential integration and issued safeguards protecting the legitimate exercise of local discretion in the area of housing policy. Some commentators see these pronouncements as irreconcilable. This Article harmonizes the Court’s competing pronouncements using history, precedent, and the Inclusive Communities opinion itself. The Court eases the tension between federal mandates and local prerogatives by articulating a vision of FHA disparate impact liability as a targeted “barrier removal” mechanism rather than a blunt instrument “displac[ing] valid governmental and private priorities.” As I have explored in earlier work, this is the vision largely implemented by the lower courts for forty years. Justice Kennedy cited this work in acknowledging that “the heartland of disparate-impact suits target[s] artificial barriers to housing.”In particular, the Court’s safeguards address three interrelated concerns implicating how disparate impact theory might curb the legitimate exercise of local discretion and lead to unintended consequences, particularly in the siting of affordable housing. The Court disapproves challenges to racial imbalances alone without identifying policies causing the imbalances; challenges based on second guessing valid local priorities; and “abusive” challenges to legitimate neighborhood revitalization efforts. Justice Kennedy’s opinion does not privilege local government discretion over fair housing objectives. It merely gives local governments running room to tackle the objective in a manner suited to the jurisdiction. Thus, the question is not whether local governments may work to overcome segregation, but how. This concept is reinforced by Justice Kennedy’s use of the term “valid” in referring to the governmental priorities requiring deference. A priority tending to perpetuate segregation and racial isolation cannot possibly be valid, under any construction of the Fair Housing Act text, purpose, regulations, and Inclusive Communities opinion. Moreover, revitalization activities are not immune from challenge if they perpetuate racial isolation and limit housing choices. Strategies consisting solely of placing low-income housing in distressed neighborhoods function as barriers to integration; the remedy for segregation is not more segregation. On the other hand, a city’s revitalization activities are consistent with the FHA if they expand housing choices and ultimately serve as redress for practices that have perpetuated racial isolation. The only principled reading of Justice Kennedy’s opinion, therefore, is that the exercise of local discretion to overcome housing barriers and “mov[e] the Nation toward a more integrated society” is legitimate and entitled to deference. Local discretion used to erect housing barriers and perpetuate racial isolation, even under the auspices of “community revitalization,” is not legitimate and is subject to challenge.
Hospital Indigent Care Expenditures

The Georgia State Health Planning Agency provided financial information for 144 general hospitals for the year 1992. Not-for-profit hospitals do not appear to fund charity care to a greater degree than for-profit hospitals. Uninsured patients in Georgia do not appear to use emergency department services instead of a primary care physician. Patient behavior may be influenced by the fact that many public health departments offer free primary care.
An overview of TOP END (transaction processing)

TOP END is a distributed transaction processing system designed especially to meet the requirements of open systems processing. The author presents an overview of TOP END with an emphasis on its modularity, robustness, standards adherence, and system administration capabilities. >
Sen y los derechos humanos: la libertad como objeto material de los derechos humanos

Este trabajo expone el enfoque de la capacidad de Amartya Sen como su mayor aportacion al pensamiento sobre los derechos humanos. Ademas de situar el origen y significacion de su aporte, pone en relacion el enfoque de la capacidad con el pensamiento de liberacion latinoamericano de Ignacio Ellacuria, destacando su importancia en relacion con una vision intercultural de los derechos humanos. Expone tambien otras versiones relevantes del enfoque de la capacidad, especificamente la de Martha Nussbaum. Por ultimo, se situan las criticas mas relevantes al mismo y la repuesta del autor a las mismas.
Abstract 338: Patient with Triple Threat Survives DVT and Pulmonary Embolism Complication

IntroductionThe risk factors for DVT and complication of PE are firmly documented in literature. Virchow’s triad describes the three most common categories responsible for venous thrombosis occurre...
Obstacles in Configuration Space

Obstacles in the workspace W map in the configuration space C to regions called C-obstacles. In Chapter 2 we defined the C-obstacle CB corresponding to a workspace obstacle B as the following region in C: $$CB = \{ q \in C/A(q) \cap B \ne 0\} $$ .
Writing Violence : Kathy Acker's Tattoos

Kathy Acker. Empire Of The Senseless . London: Pan Books, Ltd. andNew York: Grove Press, 1988.
Feel the dielectric force.

Water is the foundational element of life. Its high melting and boiling temperatures relative to analogs such as hydrogen sulfide are a precondition to life. The density maximum at 4°C makes ice float, ensuring that lakes and oceans do not freeze on the bottom. The high surface tension of water enables insects to walk on its surface. Its high dielectric constant makes it an excellent solvent, a key property for many geochemical, biological, and technological processes. These properties can be traced to the strong hydrogen bonding in liquid water ( 1 – 3 ). On page 1339 of this issue, Fumagalli et al. ( 4 ) report on another property of liquid water that relates to its hydrogen bonding: the dielectric constant in thin water layers.
Lack of beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in conscious dogs during development of heart failure

The effects of chronic treatment with growth hormone (porcine GH, 0.56 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1sc) were examined in dogs with heart failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing (240 beats/min) for 4 wk. Fo...
Politics of Participation: Walter Reed's Yellow-Fever Experiments.

Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Physics characteristics of a large, passive, pressure tube light water reactor with voided calandria

A light water cooled and moderated pressure tube reactor concept has been developed that can survive loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs) without scram and without replenishing primary coolant inventory, while maintaining safe temperature limits on the fuel and pressure tube. The reactor employs a solid SiC-coated graphite fuel matrix in the pressure tubes and a calandria tank containing a low-pressure gas, surrounded by a graphite reflector. This normally voided calandria is connected to a light water heat sink. The cover gas displaces light water from the calandria during normal operation, while during LOCAs it allows passive calandria flooding. It is shown that such a system, with high void fraction in the core region, exhibits a high degree of neutron thermalization and a large prompt neutron lifetime, similar to D{sub 2}O moderated cores, although light water is used as both coolant and moderator. Moreover, the extremely large neutron migration length results in a strongly coupled core with a flat thermal flux profile and inherent stability against xenon spatial oscillations. The heterogeneous arrangement of the fuel and moderator ensures a negative void coefficient under all circumstances. Flooding of the calandria space with light water results in redundant reactor shutdown. Use of particle fuel allowsmore » attainment of high burnups.« less
A Logical Form Based on the Structural Descriptions of Events

Facilitating the precise interpretation of statements first made in natural language — this has been the role of mathematical notations like predicate calculus and lambda calculus. Their use has been for the clarification of argument. They were faulted for inadequate precision or the introduction of paradox, never for forcing too much precision. Formal languages are precise, but selective in what can be easily expressed. It has always been understood that quantifiers like ∀ and ∃ only modeled some aspects of a system of natural language quantifiers. However, they captured the most useful properties very neatly.
Basis Properties of Fourier Series

In this chapter we will prove that the trigonometric system is a Schauder basis for Lp(T) for each. The proof will combine the tools of convolution and approximate identities developed in Chapter 13 with the theory of bases developed in Part II of this volume
Polarization fractions in Glauber theory for electron impact excitation of the n = 3 levels of atomic hydrogen

With the use of recently proposed analytic methods, Glauber scattering amplitudes for the excitation of the 3d substates of atomic hydrogen by electron impact are obtained in closed form. The individual n = 3 cross sections and the Balmer-..cap alpha.. cross section predicted by the Glauber theory in the range 18 < or = E/sub i/ < or = 500 eV are compared with experiments and with other calculations. The polarization fractions of 3p-2s, 3d-2p, and of the Balmer-..cap alpha.. line are also calculated in the Glauber approximation, and comparison is made with the existing experimental data and with the Born predictions. The parameters (lambda, chi) predicted by the Glauber approximation are also given. (AIP)
The Patient-Provider Relationship in Adolescent Oncology: AnExploratory Factor Analysis of a Thirteen-Item Self-Report Measure.

Abstract Purpose The patient–provider relationship has been understudied in adolescents with cancer. The currentstudy describes an exploratory factor analysis of a patient–provider relationship self-report measure developed for use in adolescent oncology. Methods A self-report measure was included in an iPad/tablet survey delivered to 102 adolescent cancer patients (diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 20). Principal factor analysis with promax rotation and a three-factor structure was specified. Results The final solution identified three underlying dimensions of the patient–provider relationship—SupportingIndependence (69.7% variance explained; Cronbach's α = .89), Family-Centered Communication (50.0% variance explained; Cronbach's α = .73), and Respectful Relationships (40.1% variance; Cronbach's α = .66). Discussion The current measure highlights the unique developmental place of adolescent cancer patients in their preference for aspects of both patient-centered and family-centered care. The current analysis begins to fill the need for adolescent-tailored measurement to assess the patient–provider relationship in this population.
“One among many”? Relational panopticism and negotiating non-monogamies:

Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with people in the USA who have formed consensually non-monogamous relationships, this article introduces the term relational panopticism and uses empiric...
Personality and Sleep: Neuroticism and Conscientiousness Predict Behaviourally Recorded Sleep Years Later:

Sleep is one key feature of people's lives that defines their daily routine and reflects overall health and well–being. To test the relevance of personality for core aspects of sleep, we examined i...
Integer Linear Programming in Computational and Systems Biology: Tutorial

The goal of the tutorial is to introduce and detail *modeling* and *solving* of real problems in computational and systems biology using integer linear programming. This is in contrast to goal of explaining integer programming theory, or how integer programming solvers work.
Case of Vagal Nerve Stimulator-Induced Stridor After Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion-Induced Vocal Cord Paralysis.

Background Vagal nerve stimulation is a generally safe adjunctive treatment for medically refractory epilepsy. Nevertheless, reports of vocal cord dysfunction during stimulation can be found in the literature. When vagal nerve stimulation−induced vocal cord dysfunction is compounded with contralateral dysfunction, such as that which can occur after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion, serious pulmonary complications can occur. Case Description A 56-year-old female presented to the emergency department 3 weeks postoperatively from a cervical 7−thoracic 2 anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion through a right-sided approach with new-onset, intermittent stridor. Otorhinolaryngology conducted a fiberoptic laryngoscopy and determined that the patient had a right vocal cord paralysis and intermittent left vocal cord paresis that coincided with activation of the patient's vagal nerve stimulator. The stimulator was shut off, and the patient's stridor disappeared. Conclusions Vagal nerve stimulation−induced vocal cord paralysis is a rare but known complication. Given this potential for vocal cord dysfunction, neurosurgeons should plan further anterior cervical diskectomy and fusions accordingly to ensure that patients do not develop dysfunction of bilateral vocal cords. Should this develop, however, cessation of vagal nerve stimulation can improve or treat the pulmonologic complication that develops.
An Intersectional Approach to Exploring Engineering Graduate Students’ Identities and Academic Relationships

This study explores graduate engineering identity and the influence of peer and academic advisor relationships using an intersectional lens. A survey collected 1,754 U.S. engineering graduate students’ reports of their experiences, identities, and motivation and explored two research questions using a combination of MANOVAs and moderated regressions. Peer and academic advisor attitudes are positively related to all aspects of graduate engineering identity. Students’ identities significantly predicted mean differences across scientist, engineer, and researcher identities and their sub-constructs. Male and female Asian students scored lower than their peers in self-assessments of their scientist recognition and performance/competence, while other groups showed more variability. Advisor relationship scores were similar for all students, but peer relationship scores were lower for Students of Color. Students’ social identities also led to differences in the relationships between advisor/peer relationship scores and engineering identity. Men and Women of Color often reported significantly different effects of peer relationships on identity, with men reporting positive effect and women reporting no effect. Asian women and Underrepresented Women of Color differed from White women, where Women of Color reported stronger benefits from positive academic advisor relationships. This paper explores these results and the implications for researchers and educators working with graduate populations.