cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using online learning modules to promote students' ability to identify and locate empirical research articles.

Librarians at Arizona State University seek to deliver library instruction programs that will help students develop Twenty-first Century skills including information and communication technology skills (iSkills). Increasingly librarians must find pedagogical solutions that enable faculty and students to promote iSkill development asynchronously. This study describes the results of one action research cycle in which online learning modules developed at Arizona State University Libraries were tested to assess their usability and effect on learning outcomes. The modules were designed to help students learn about empirical/primary research articles and how to locate them. The results from pre- and post-tests were significant, suggesting that General Biology students were successful in learning about empirical/primary research articles from the online modules. Students' perceived level of confidence in identifying and locating empirical research articles also improved after using the learning modules. Responses to the student evaluation of the modules suggest that on average students agreed that the modules had learning value, were value-added, usable and included technical functionality that enabled successful navigation.
Higher Motivation for Weight Loss in African American than Caucasian Rural Patients with Hypertension and/or Diabetes.

Objectives: To examine the relationship between race/ethnicity and motivation for weight loss and motivation for exercise among patients with chronic disease. Design: Cross-sectional Setting : The current study took place within a network of federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) in the rural southern United States Patients or Participants : 463 active FQHC patients with diabetes and/or hypertension identifying as African American, White Hispanic, or non-Hispanic White participated in the current study. Main Outcome Measures : Primary outcomes were assessed using standardized measures of motivation for a) weight loss; and b) hypertension per the Transtheoretical Model Results: Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, when controlling for age, sex, education status, employment status, poverty, comorbidity, and weight status, there were no significant differences in motivation for exercise among the different racial/ethnic groups (P=.361). However, when controlling for the same factors, there was a significant difference in motivation for weight loss, with African American participants more than twice as likely as non-Hispanic White participants to be motivated to lose weight (ORAD)=2.430, P=.002). Conclusions : Our study suggests that, among rural patients with obesity-related chronic disease, there is a significant variation in motivation to lose weight between racial/ethnic groups. This underscores the importance of culturally tailoring interventions and in considering motivation for change when promoting weight loss behaviors. Additional implications for intervention development and delivery are discussed. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):77-84; doi: 10.18865/ed.26.1.77
Damage Relationships of Japanese Beetle and Southern Masked Chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Grubs in Cool-Season Turfgrasses

Relative tolerance to root herbivory by 3rd-instar Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and southern masked chafer, Cyclocephala lurida Bland, grubs was evaluated in turfgrass plots of Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., creeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustris (Hudson), hard fescue, Festuca ovina L. var. duriuscula, and both Acremonium endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber. Field enclosures and rooting boxes were infested with densities of grubs ranging from 0 to 60 per 0.1 m 2 , and effects on aesthetic quality, canopy temperature, foliage yield, and root strength were measured. Damage thresholds were variable but appeared to be much higher in all grasses than the rule-of-thumb estimates commonly used in the turf industry. Initial densities of at least 15-20 grubs per 0.1 m 2 were required to cause any reduction in aesthetic quality of most turfgrasses, and in some cases, initial densities of 60 grubs per 0.1 m 2 caused no apparent damage. Canopy temperatures were not consistently correlated with density of grubs. Damage by C. lurida was greater in endophyte-free than in endophyte-infested tall fescue in some trials and was greater than, or equal to, that of P japonica in all grasses. Variability in the turfgrass system complicates prediction of turfgrass damage based solely on grub density.
Effects of Photoperiod on Nymphal Diapause in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae)

Oviposition, hatchability, and molting of larvae and nymphs were observed in Amblyomma americanum (L.) held in the laboratory under constant humidity and temperature, with variable photoperiods, during the off-host portion of the life cycle. Ticks were held at 0:24, 10:14, 12:12, or 14:10 (L:D) photoperiods during the period from egg to unfed nymph, then at either the same or one of the other regimes during development from fed nymphs to adults. Minimal effects were observed during the period from oviposition to unfed nymphs; however, the mean molting time of fed nymphs held at the short-day regime of 10:14 (L:D) during both life periods (52.3 d) was significantly slower than of those held at either the long-day regime of 14:10 (L:D) (22.5 d) or the neutral photoperiod of 0:24 (L:D) (24.4 d). Significantly longer mean molting times also were observed in ticks held under regimes of 12:10 then 10:12 (L:D), 12:10 then 0:24 (L:D), and 12:12 then 0:24 (L:D), than those of the respective converse regimes. Diapause did not occur in fed nymphs held at 0:24 (L:D) during both developmental periods or at 14:10 (L:D) during either period, yet diapause was observed at intermediate photoperiods. This study demonstrates that developmental diapause can be photoperiodically induced in fed nymphal A. americanum in the laboratory and that it is of the long-day type with a critical photoperiod between 10:14 and 12:12 (L:D).
Information and Maturation in Children's Evaluation of Government Leadership During Watergate:

^N v 'EARLY a decade has passed since Watergate first emerged in the headlines. For most Americans, Watergate is indeed behind them. Still, it is instructive to return to Watergate, for it provides a good laboratory for examining the contribution of mass mediated political information to the political socialization process. Few events so pervaded the news media for so long. Now, with data emerging on the long-term implications of Watergate for the political system (Sigel and Hoskin, 1980), political scientists should investigate the roots of these implications as children, whose political values were largely shaped during the Watergate period, enter the voting population. In this paper, I shall examine which children were most affected by Watergate at the time-and who may have been scarred politically-by exploring the relative contributions of mass media information and personal maturation to the evaluation of the President during the crisis. In the past decade, researchers in both political science and communications (summarized by Kraus and Davis, 1976) have found the mass media to be important agents in the political socialization of children. Beyond providing express images of law enforcers, political figures, or even general power relationships through fictional programming, for example, television provides data on the real world in the form of news. Even where the news itself is used little by the politically maturing child, it often provides a stimulus for dinner-time discussion of political issues, concepts, or personalities. Beyond whatever role the news media play in setting the adult political agenda (Shaw and McCombs, 1977), they play a role as a source of political information in the news flow from parents to children. With respect to Watergate, studies by Hawkins, Pingree and Roberts (1975) and Chaffee and Becker (1975) demonstrated that children's exposure to news media had identifiable effects on young people's evaluations of the President. At the same time that researchers were demonstrating an interest in the role of mass media in the political socialization process, others were searching for theoretical explanations of the dynamics of political socialization. In particular, scholars from both political science (Bennet, 1975; Best, 1973; Friedman, 1977; Merelman, 1969; Patterson, 1979; Riccards, 1973) and communication (Becker, McCombs and McLeod, 1975) considered several psychological development theories as explanatory of the processes through which children come of age politically. These researchers argued that increments in the quantity and quality of political understanding are linked to progress along one or several psychological developmental continua; i.e., to advances made by the child in terms of cognitive skills, moral reasoning, or personality development and ego strength. Unfortunately, the recent interest in both mass media effects and the use of psychological concepts grew as separate strands of thought. Fresh insights into the political socialization process can be found by weaving these two
Anomalous Size-Dependent Excited-State Relaxation Dynamics of NanoGUMBOS

The synthesis, characterization, and ultrafast spectroscopy of size-selected nanospheres of ruthenium bipyridine–bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide ([Ru(bipy)3][BETI]2) in water are reported. These studies represent the first experimental evidence of phonons with nanosecond lifetimes in organometallic nanomaterials. Thermally stable, crystalline nanoparticles of [Ru(bipy)3][BETI]2 are derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). Excited-state relaxation dynamics are studied using pump–probe time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, and the results are compared to corresponding measurements of aqueous Ru(bipy)3Cl2. The nanoGUMBOS show spectral shifts and size-dependent relaxation dynamics for nanoparticle diameters varying from 20 to 100 nm, characterized by excited-state decay dynamics similar to those of the precursor dye at higher pump pulse energies with an additional pathway attributed to intermolecular energy transfer, where all lifetimes increase with increasing ...
Study on Conductive Cooling Repetitively Laser with Nil Drift Optics Axes

In this paper, study on optics axes drift character of conductive cooling Ce Nd∶YAG lasers has been carried out. Using Cr 4+ ∶YAG passive Q switched and directional prism cavity, it is demonstrated that the optics axes drift was nearly nil, lasers output was stability in airborne laser under the condition of 5 Hz working pulse, 7.35 J pump energy and continue working for 1 min.
Critical Consciousness and Conscious Criticism

Phenomenology criticism unveils the nature of language arts and the function of literature criticism by connecting the consciousness of both the reader and the author.Because of this,the frontier of the literature criticism is larger,the new concept of literature theory is created.From the aspect of ontology and methodology,the phenomenology criticism is something like the ancient Chinese literature theory "Shi Zhao" and parallelism,both of which added important views and thoughts to the contemporary literature criticism theory.
Terror Management Account of Consumption Behavior and Group Affiliation of People after Catastrophe

After reconstruction,the development of people's livelihood and market has become crucial.Based on the terror management theory,the study on the change of people's consumption behavior and feeling of group affiliation after catastrophe is conducted,and the corresponding advice is proposed.The research shows that the catastrophe makes the material possessiveness view weaker and the feeling of group affiliation stronger by two 2×2 experiments,and the response of low-materialist is significant.After a long period or the festive events arisen,the material possessiveness view become stronger,and the feeling of group affiliation is weakened because of the relief of death anxiety.
Stability Analysis for Periodic Solution Waves in Viscous Conservation Laws

Periodic traveling waves are a frequently observed class of solutions of diverse types of nonlinear evolutionary PDE in one space variable. They also frequently arise as solutions of higher order dispersive equations.
Scope of the Problem

It has been suggested that the medical field has made significant strides with regard to high-profile areas of provider impairment with obvious external manifestations, such as substance abuse, mental illness, and drug and/or alcohol dependence. However, dealing with disruptive behavior in the health-care arena, which is more nuanced, has posed a significant challenge beyond just discovery. In a broad-brush description, Veltman [1] called disruptive practitioner behavior “contentious, threatening, unreachable, insulting and frequently litigious” and stated that these providers “will not play by the rules” and do not “have the ability to relate or work well with others” [1]. However, this analysis may be too simplistic, as coworker interaction and certainly other providers often are major drivers as well. Thus, it has matured far past the physician-centered, single-focus template.
Modeling nonstationary covariance function with convolution on sphere

The wide use of satellite-based instruments provides measurements in climatology on a global scale, which often have nonstationary covariance structure. The issue of modeling a spatial random fields on sphere which is stationary across longitudes is addressed with a kernel convolution approach. The observed random field is generated by convolving a latent uncorrelated random field with a class of Matern type kernel functions. By allowing the parameters in the kernel functions to vary with locations, it is possible to generate a flexible class of covariance functions and capture the nonstationary properties. Since the corresponding covariance functions generally do not have a closed form, numerical evaluations are necessary and a pre-computation table is used to speed up the computation. For regular grid data on sphere, the circulant block property of the covariance matrix enables us to use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to get its determinant and inverse matrix efficiently. The proposed approach is applied to the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data for illustration.
Epilepsy and Pregnancy

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the available evidence for treatment of epilepsy. Seizures are the most common neurologic problem encountered during pregnancy. Women who have epilepsy can safely have children but there is an increased risk to the mother and especially the child due to the effects of seizures and their treatment. There are a number of complications of pregnancy that are more common in women who have epilepsy. The chance for vaginal bleeding, hyperemesis, eclampsia, and placental abruption are all increased by double over the general population. There is an increased chance of preterm labor and cesarean section as well. Some of these effects are the direct result of seizures while others may be a combination of the effects of antiepileptic drugs and seizures. Maintaining seizure control is still the best way to prevent these complications. Seizures can be a problem during labor and delivery. Generalized tonic–clonic seizures are particularly troublesome. They can produce acidosis and hypoxia in the mother with subsequent risk to the baby. The fetal heart rate can be lowered by a convulsive seizure, which probably contributes to statistics showing low Apgar scores and other evidence of hypoxia.
Toward a convergence between value and utility through a polynomial representation

A phenomenological value function emanating from Elementary Catastrophe Theory (E.C.T.) is shown to be the simplest utility function fitting the mold of the Pratt's approach and the empirical data accumulated since the XIX the century in the stimuli-response model. It further fulfills the most economical conditions leading to the equivalent of Arrow Impossibility result. This accomplishes the very aim of the French School for equating the two concepts since 1988, under the sole axiom of Non-satiation. The added bonus is achieved via a theoretically-based measurement framework leading to an empirically verifiable symmetrical quintic polynomial bringing finally a solution to the central problem of Neuro-Physiology, itself the major contender to human valuation next to Labor and market theories of value.
Design and Emotional Experience

Abstract This chapter provides a contextual overview of design for emotional experiences, often referenced as design and emotion in conference venues and elsewhere. Early history of the significance of emotion in design is evident in architectural theory dating back to 50 BC that recognized the need for “delight” to accompany utility and structural soundness [Vitruvius, P. (transl. by Morgan M.H.), 1960. De architetura: The Ten Books on Architecture. Courier Dover Publications, New York], with an interesting correspondence traced to the common terminology of useful, usable, and desirable popularized in the 1990s. More recent developments follow product semantics and experience design, through to the formal establishment of design and emotion as a recognized area of design expertise in research and practice, and ultimately a significant contributing factor to what is commonly accepted today as user experience (UX) design. Research and theories of design and emotion are considered for the ways in which the field is parsed by various themes for understanding and practice. Methods and approaches common to design and emotion are provided as useful tools for research and application.
Abstract 96: A Unique Jervell Lange-Nielsen Syndrome Mutation Modeled in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes

Introduction: Current screening for mutations in human disease is turning increasingly to next-generation methods that map short reads to a reference sequence. We report here an unusual variant that was undetected by next generation sequencing in a patient diagnosed with Jervell Lange-Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) and initial results in an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) model. Methods and Results: A diagnosis of JLNS was made in a middle-aged woman with congenital deafness and QT intervals as long as 800 msec. However, next-generation sequencing found only a heterozygous KCNQ1 mutation, R518X. Convinced by the clinical phenotype that a second causative variant was highly likely, we used Sanger sequencing of PCR KCNQ1 amplicons to identify a 36-basepair poly-adenine tract, encoding 12 lysines, inserted within the coding sequence at the 5’ end of exon 15. Electrophysiological studies in patient-specific IPSC-CMs revealed marked prolongation of ventricular-like action potentials (Figure). Conclusion: Long inserts of the type we identified here have not been previously reported in the long QT syndromes. We speculate that next generation-based short reads containing this variant could not be mapped to a reference sequence and thus this type of variant will be missed by next-generation analysis unless bioinformatics filters are specifically modified to include this possibility. Validation of this long QT syndrome iPSC-CM model provides a human cell based platform for drug discovery and mechanistic studies to further our understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Urban Resilience to Flooding in Asia's Vulnerable Cities: Shanghai, Dhaka, Tokyo, and Taipei

Most of flooding hotspots by 2025 will be located in Asian nations (United Nations 2012). Damages from flooding will increase in correlation with increasing urbanization, risk, exposure, and vulnerability in Asia. Currently, four Asian cities, Shanghai, Dhaka, Tokyo, and Taipei, are the most vulnerable cities to flooding. In Shanghai or Dhaka, approximately 50% of its land is in flood-prone areas, the highest vulnerability to floods among coastal cities. Tokyo is one of the most populous urban agglomeration in Asia, with a population of over 37 million. Extensive urbanization in Tokyo suffers from severe damages once flooding occurs. In Taipei, flood-prone areas account for approximately 41% of its total land area in an extreme weather scenario. How and what planners can do to reduce the impact of flooding is an important consideration. Similarly, how governments prepare and plan for a resilient city should be a priority for many policy makers. In the future, rather than strengthening and rebuilding costly structures, Asian cities should focus on land-use and environmental planning for resilience as well as strengthening their organizations and funding to reduce disaster risk, maintain up-to-date risk and vulnerability assessment. Urban policies should include environmentally responsible development in the face of continued population and economic growth, and being resilient regarding natural disasters. Asian cities can adopt a growth management policy to direct development away from flooding hotspots. Urban regeneration policy should require developers to improve storm sewers, water retention ponds, and permeable surfaces. Planning more space for rivers, more constructed wetlands, and more ecological ponds to accommodate water is important. Cities can promote an actuarially fair flood insurance program which can reflect actual flood risks. A bottom-up community resilience plan would assist achieving urban resilience in Asian cities. Most important is the need of a strong political commitment and leadership to initiate and implement urban policies toward resilience. In doing so, urban resilience can be achieved in Asian cities.
Multi-scale Gaussian process experts for dynamic evolution prediction of complex systems

Abstract Predictive analytics has become an important topic in expert and intelligent systems, with broad applications across various engineering and business domains, such as the prediction of exchange rate in finance, weather and demand for energy using mixture of experts. However, selection of the number of experts and assignment of the input to individual experts remain elusive, especially for highly nonlinear and nonstationary systems. This paper presents a novel mixture of experts, namely, nonparametric multi-scale Gaussian process (MGP) experts to predict the dynamic evolution of such complex systems. Concretely, intrinsic time-scale decomposition is first used to iteratively decompose the time series generated from such complex systems into a series of proper rotation components and a baseline trend component. Those components delineate the true time-frequency-energy patterns of the complex systems at different granularity. A Gaussian process (GP) expert is then applied on each component to predict the system evolution at each scale. MGP circumvent the tedious selection and assignment problems via the nonparametric ITD. Summation of those individual forecasts represents the overall evolution of the original time series. Case studies using synthetic and real-world data elucidated that the proposed MGP model significantly outperforms conventional autoregressive models, composite GP model, and support vector regression in terms of prediction accuracy, and it is particularly effective for multi-step forecasting.
Behavior of molten steel flow in continuous casting mold with different static magnetic field configurations

A three-dimensional mathematical model was established to investigate the behavior of molten steel flow and steel/slag interface with different processes and electromagnetic parameters under two different static magnetic field configurations [ruler-type electromagnetic brake (EMBr ruler) and vertical electromagnetic brake (V-EMBr)] in a continuous casting mold. The results showed that the brake effect of EMBr ruler is significantly influenced by its configuration parameters, the distance between the pole and bottom of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN), and the port angle of the SEN outlet; therefore, it is not helpful to depress the diffusion of jet flow along the thickness direction of mold. For a constant SEN depth and port angle, there is a reasonable pole position (P = 0 mm) where the pole simultaneously covers three key zones, i.e., the jet flow impact zone and the upward and downward backflow zones. For V-EMBr, the magnetic field can simultaneously cover the three key zones and depress the diffusion of jet flow along the casting and thickness directions of the mold. Both the meniscus height and the impact intensity of the jet flow can be obviously depressed by V-EMBr even if the SEN depth and port angle have changed in the continuous casting process.
Determining Bidirectional Ground Motions for Nonlinear Response History Analysis of Buildings at Far-Field Sites

The current practice for selecting bidirectional ground motions (GM pairs) to conduct nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of multistory buildings is restricted to those with a symmetric plan....
Applications that Depend on Conformal Mapping

Part of the utility of conformal mappings is that they can be used to transform a problem on a given domain V to another domain U (see also §§6.1.1). Often we take U to be a standard domain such as the disc $$D = \{ z \in \mathbb{C}:|z| < 1\}$$ (14.1.1.1) or the upper half plane $$U = \{ z \in \mathbb{C}:\operatorname{Im} z > 0\} .$$ (14.1.1.2) Particularly in the study of partial differential equations, it is important to have an explicit conformal mapping between the two domains. In the Appendix to this chapter we give a compendium of conformal mappings of some of the most frequently encountered planar regions.
Yield of testing and treatment for tuberculosis among foreign-born persons during contact investigations in the United States: A semi-systematic review.

Author(s): Parriott, Andrea; Malekinejad, Mohsen; Miller, Amanda P; Horvath, Hacsi; Marks, Suzanne M; Kahn, James G | Abstract: BackgroundContact investigation is an important strategy for maintaining control of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. However, testing and treatment outcomes specifically to foreign-born populations are poorly understood. We reviewed literature on testing and LTBI identified during contact investigations in foreign-born populations living in the US.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature using Cochrane systematic review methods. We included studies with adult and adolescent populations that were at least 50% foreign-born. Pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis, and cumulative proportions were calculated as products of adjacent step proportions.ResultsWe identified 22 studies published between 1997 and 2014 that included at least 50% foreign-born participants. From studies of predominantly (g90%) foreign-born populations, almost all identified contacts were recruited and had valid test results, and 54.8% (95% CI 45.1-62.5%) of contacts with valid test results tested positive. From studies of majority (50% to 90%) foreign-born populations, 78.4% (95% CI 78.0-78.9%) of identified contacts were recruited, 92.0% (95% CI 91.6-92.3%) of recruited contacts had valid test results, and 38.5% (95% CI 31.9%-44.2%) of persons with valid results tested positive. These proportions varied by test type in studies of predominantly foreign-born populations. For every 1000 contacts identified in predominantly foreign-born populations, we estimate that 535 (95% CI 438 to 625) will test positive, and 354 (95% CI 244 to 453) will complete LTBI treatment. For every 1000 contacts identified in majority foreign-born populations, these estimates are 276 (95% CI 230 to 318), and 134 (95% CI 44 to 264), respectively.ConclusionsContact investigation is a high yield activity for identifying and treating foreign-born persons with LTBI, but must be complemented by other tuberculosis control activities in order to achieve continued progress toward TB elimination.
Exposure to mild blast forces induces neuropathological effects, neurophysiological deficits and biochemical changes

Direct or indirect exposure to an explosion can induce traumatic brain injury (TBI) of various severity levels. Primary TBI from blast exposure is commonly characterized by internal injuries, such as vascular damage, neuronal injury, and contusion, without external injuries. Current animal models of blast-induced TBI (bTBI) have helped to understand the deleterious effects of moderate to severe blast forces. However, the neurological effects of mild blast forces remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effects caused by mild blast forces combining neuropathological, histological, biochemical and neurophysiological analysis. For this purpose, we employed a rodent blast TBI model with blast forces below the level that causes macroscopic neuropathological changes. We found that mild blast forces induced neuroinflammation in cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Moreover, mild blast triggered microvascular damage and axonal injury. Furthermore, mild blast caused deficits in hippocampal short-term plasticity and synaptic excitability, but no impairments in long-term potentiation. Finally, mild blast exposure induced proteolytic cleavage of spectrin and the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator, p35 in hippocampus. Together, these findings show that mild blast forces can cause aberrant neurological changes that critically impact neuronal functions. These results are consistent with the idea that mild blast forces may induce subclinical pathophysiological changes that may contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders.
MEDIA REVIEW: Sleepyhead: The Neuroscience of a Good Night's Rest by Henry Nicholls

Henry Nicholls' Sleepyhead: The Neuroscience of a Good Night's Rest, published by Basic Books in 2018, is an intriguing book that reads quickly, unlike a textbook, yet imparts the reader with gener...
'A Fine is Not a Price': Insights for Law

Barry Schwartz's work presents empirical evidence that challenges core precepts of modern legal analysis. With the rise of law and economics in the last generation, financial incentives have become, in many legal fields (including taxation), the default mechanism for understanding and changing human behavior.In this comment, I outline three challenges that Schwartz’s work poses for the use of financial incentives in law. Along the way, I highlight open questions and suggest how Schwartz’s findings might motivate new and constructive possibilities for legal design.
Retention properties in displacement damaged ultra-fine grain tungsten exposed to divertor plasma

Abstract One of the main advantages of using tungsten (W) as a plasma facing material (PFM) is its low uptake and retention of tritium. However, in high purity (ITER grade) W, hydrogenic retention increases significantly with neutron-induced displacement damage in the W lattice. This experiment examines an alternative W grade PFM, ultra-fine grain (UFG) W, to compare its retention properties with ITER grade W after 12 MeV Si ion displacement damage up to 0.6 dpa (displacements per atom.) Following exposure to plasma in the DIII-D divertor, D retention was then assessed with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) depth profiling up to 3.5 µm and thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS). Undamaged specimens were also included in our test matrix for comparison. For all samples, D release peaks were observed during TDS at approximately 200 °C and 750 °C. For the ITER-grade W specimens, the intensity of the 750 °C release peak was more pronounced for specimens that had been pre-damaged. Conversely, UFG samples that had been damaged by 12 MeV Si showed enhancement of the lower temperature release peak (200 °C). NRA profiles also reveal a higher D concentration for UFG W samples up to the peak in the damage profile at a depth of 2 μm. Overall, we observed that the total trapped inventory in UFG W was 20% higher than ITER grade W in the undamaged case and 10% higher in the damaged case. A comparison of NRA and TDS data indicates that a larger fraction of the total retained D is trapped near the surface (86–100%) in UFG W pre-damaged to 0.6 dpa compared with ITER grade W (39–61%). Further examination of the UFG material with microscopy is recommended for a definitive determination of the types of defects responsible for D trapping. Our results highlight some potential trade-offs associated UFG W regarding its performance from a tritium retention standpoint. That said, our TDS results indicate that this enhanced inventory can be released by baking at relatively low temperatures (
Contention Aware Workload and Resource Co-Scheduling on Power-Bounded Systems

As power becomes a top challenge in HPC systems and data centers, how to sustain the system performance growth under limited available or permissible power becomes an important research topic. Traditionally, researchers have explored collocating non-interfering jobs on the same nodes to improve system performance. Nevertheless, power limits reduce the capacity of components, nodes, and systems, and induce or aggravate contention between jobs. Using prior power-oblivious job collocation strategies on power limited systems can adversely degrade system throughput. In this paper, we quantitatively estimate contention induced by power limits, and propose a Contention-Aware Power-bounded Scheduling (CAPS) for systems with finite power budgets. CAPS chooses to collocate jobs that are complementary when power is limited, and distributes the available power to nodes and components to minimize their interference. Experimental results show that CAPS improves system throughput and power efficiency by 10% or greater than power-oblivious job collocation strategies, depending on the available power, for hybrid MPI/OpenMP benchmarks on a 192-core 8-node cluster.
Effect of increasing Medicaid coverage in Medicaid expansion states on stage at presentation for urologic malignancies.

400Background: Medicaid Expansion (ME) was introduced by the Affordable Care Act to improve access to care for low income individuals by increasing the annual income limits to 138% of the poverty l...
Stock Market Prediction using Daily News Headlines

In this work, we develop a model for forecasting the stock market using News Headlines. The main step of the work is to pre-process daily news, as well as Opinion Finding method to generate features for the prediction problem. The target variable is a binary variable which takes value of 1, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) increases, and zero otherwise. A deep learning model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to improve the prediction of the changes in DJIA. As a baseline, a time series data of DJIA is used without daily news. Then, we develop a model of time series prediction along with N-Gram of daily news. We discuss how N-gram model can help to improve the baseline. In the main pre-processing task, we develop a sentiment analysis (using polarity lexicons). This model assigns weights as sentiment polarity to all the news headlines. We also find the scores for degree of subjectivity and objectivity in news headlines, and we use them as additional features in our model. In experiments, an LSTM model is developed. A grid search is used to find the best architecture along with the effect of generated features from text pre-processing and Opinion Finding on time series forecasting.
News Media as Mediators

Journalism thrives on conflict, a classic “news value” that makes an event worthy of coverage. As a result, the normal routines of reporters and editors tend to emphasize combative themes. News coverage may even escalate conflict. Still, journalism has played a role in some historic moments in conflict resolution, and an emerging group of journalism scholars and practitioners are exploring the further potential of journalism in promoting peace. This paper compares the role of the journalist to that of the mediator, noting that each one is a third-party neutral with access to both sides of a dispute.
Snowball Sampling Study Design for Serosurveys Early in Disease Outbreaks.

Serological surveys can provide evidence of cases that were not previously detected, depict the spectrum of disease severity, and estimate the proportion of asymptomatic infections. To capture these parameters, survey sample sizes may need to be very large, especially when the overall infection rate is still low. Therefore, we propose the use of "snowball sampling" to enrich serological surveys by testing contacts of infected individuals identified in the early stages of an outbreak. For future emerging pandemics, this observational study sampling design can answer many key questions, such as estimating the asymptomatic proportion of all infected cases, the probability of a given clinical presentation for a seropositive individual, or the association between characteristics of either the host or the infection and seropositivity among contacts of index individuals. We provide examples, in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, of studies and analysis methods using a snowball sample and perform a simulation study that demonstrates scenarios where snowball sampling can answer these questions more efficiently than other sampling schemes. We hope such study designs can be applied to provide valuable information to slow the present pandemic as it enters its next stage and in early stages of future pandemics.
Safety of pancreatic surgery with special reference to antithrombotic therapy: A systematic review of the literature

Safety of pancreatic surgery with special reference to antithrombotic therapy: A systematic review of the literature
Injury rates in the National Football League during the 2020 COVID-19 season.

Objectives The National Football League (NFL) altered the 2020 season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in cancelled preseason games and a dynamic regular season schedule to accommodate for cancelled games. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the disrupted training and preseason schedule lead to increased injury rates as seen in other professional sports. We hypothesized that the overall injury rate would be higher in the 2020 season compared to the 2018-2019 seasons, and that this increase will affect all body regions equally. Methods : Publicly released NFL weekly injury reports were queried to identify players listed as out or placed on the injured reserve for at least one game in the 2018-2020 seasons. Injuries were categorized into upper extremity, lower extremity, spine/core, head, illness, not injury related and undisclosed injuries. Incidence per 1000 athlete exposures was calculated for the prior two seasons (2018-2019) and for the 2020 season separately. Percentage of injuries occurring in each position were calculated separately for the pre-COVID-19 (2018 and 2019) and post-COVID-19 (2020) cohorts. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals were used to compare injury rates in 2018-2019 versus 2020. The z-test for proportions was used to determine significant differences between injury incidences. Results : The overall incidence rate per 1000 athlete exposures in 2020 was not significantly different compared to pre-COVID-19 seasons (21.6 versus 23.1, IRR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.9-1.0 p>0.999). The proportion of injuries by position did not change before and after COVID-19 either (p>0.999). Out listings due to illness were significantly increased during the 2020 season (0.8 versus 0.3, IRR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.4-5.2, p=0.004). Conclusion The incidence of NFL injuries did not significantly change in 2020. The distribution of injuries did not change with respect to position.
All the World's a Stage: On Timothy Murray, Drama Trauma: Specters of Race and Sexuality in Performance, Video and Art

Drama Trauma is a difficult book to review because it both does and does not hang together as one sustained linear argument. Made up of pieces originally written for another book-length project and of more recent critical readings of cultural performance, the book moves from a lengthy section on Shakespeare to much briefer sections on contemporary drama, performance art and installation pieces. And since there's no conclusion, it's not always clear how the sections interact with one another; how they hang together, so to speak. But the sections themselves make for a provocative read; and, if one accepts the book as a loosely organized attempt to 'reflect the non-linear incursions of theory and political performance that have altered our understanding of dramatic 'genre' over more than the past decade' (21), Drama Trauma marks an important contribution to the fields of drama scholarship, performance studies, cultural studies and media studies.
Success surrogates in representational decision support systems

When corporate difficulties arise, technology and new software development are often embraced as part of the solution. The modern manager has a wide variety of decision making aids at his or her disposal. One such aid, classified as a representational decision support system, is discrete event computer simulation. In order to assess the organizational impact of discrete event computer simulation, an instrument capable of measuring success is required. The importance of such assessment cannot be overemphasized. While empirical measurement of various information system inputs or independent variables such as information system budget expenditures or user participation is relatively straightforward, the development of corresponding output or dependent variables has been difficult. In an attempt to overcome these difficulties, researchers have suggested a variety of measurable surrogates. Work in this area has paved the way for the development of instruments used to assess success.This chapter focuses on external validity aspects of two popular information system instruments, the Davis measure of User Acceptance of Information Technology and the Doll and Torkzadeh measure of End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). These instruments were designed for general purpose use and tested across a variety of settings, times, and persons. To ensure this generalizability extended to a very specific form of information technology, these instruments were administered to discrete event computer simulation users and tested for psychometric stability. This study provides additional evidence that the Doll and Torkzadeh measure of End-User Computing Satisfaction retained its psychometric properties when applied to users of discrete event computer simulation and therefore provides a reasonable surrogate measure for success in the implementation of this technology. An initial assessment of the Davis measure of User Acceptance of Information Technology (Perceived Ease-of-Use, Perceived Usefulness) returned poorer scores on the fit indexes but the evidence did indicate the expected factor structure was supported to some extent. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
A note on fingernail growth.

Minutiae of growth and the wear and tear inherent in everyday life have escaped the notice of all save the occasional natural historian of disease. Some years ago when looking for facts on nail growth I could find no studies of the long-term growth of fingernails. Therefore, I set about to measure the growth of my fingernails to see whether seasonal or secular trends, sporadic or unpredictable variation occurred. Only recently did other studies come to my notice. This paper sets forth observations made over the past 10 years, and some consideration of recorded observations on the topic.
The Economic Burden of Geriatric ESRD

The elderly represent the fastest growing segment of incident patients entering end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Increasingly, social scientists and caregivers are faced with changing models of care, which will challenge traditional patterns of patient acceptance into costly medical therapies. This paper analyzes the outcomes and cost of taking care of patients over the age of 65, and compares these costs and outcomes with other age groups. The results are somewhat unexpected, in that the incremental costs are not appreciably higher, although the outcomes are considerably worse compared with that in younger age groups. Proposals are made for addressing these issues.
New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability

This paper proposes a new approach to improve the way central banks can analyze and manage the financial risks of a national economy. It is based on the modern theory and practice of contingent claims analysis (CCA), which is successfully used today at the level of individual banks by managers, investors, and regulators. The basic analytical tool is the risk-adjusted balance sheet, which shows the sensitivity of the enterprise's assets and liabilities to external "shocks." At the national level, the sectors of an economy are viewed as interconnected portfolios of assets, liabilities, and guarantees -- some explicit and others implicit. Traditional approaches have difficulty analyzing how risks can accumulate gradually and then suddenly erupt in a full-blown crisis. The CCA approach is well-suited to capturing such "non-linearities" and to quantifying the effects of asset-liability mismatches within and across institutions. Risk-adjusted CCA balance sheets facilitate simulations and stress testing to evaluate the potential impact of policies to manage systemic risk.
Arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolites in amniotic fluid of women with intra-amniotic infection and preterm labor.

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of intrauterine infection and preterm labor on the amniotic fluid concentrations of arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolites in women with premature rupture of membranes. Amniotic fluid was obtained from four groups of women with premature rupture of membranes: group 1, women without labor or infection; group 2, women with labor but without infection; group 3, women with intra-amniotic infection but without labor; and group 4, women with both infection and labor. 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and leukotriene B 4 were measured by radioimmunoassays. Amniotic fluid concentrations of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were found not to differ significantly among the four groups. Amniotic fluid concentrations of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in group 4 were significantly higher than in women in groups 1 and 3 (p 4 concentrations were higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, suggesting that the presence of both labor and infection increases the concentration of this metabolite in amniotic fluid. Infection and labor had an additive effect in the elevation of amniotic fluid concentrations of leukotriene B 4 . These results suggest that the amniotic fluid concentrations of arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolites are affected differently by the presence of infection and labor in women with premature rupture of membranes.
Why did the Tariff–Growth Correlation Change after 1950?

This article uses a new database to establish a key finding: high tariffs were associated with fast growth before World War II, while they have been associated with slow growth thereafter. The paper offers explanations for the sign switch by controlling for novel measures of the changing world economic environment. Rejecting alternative explanations based on changing export market growth or transportation cost declines, it shows how the modern negative correlation could be reversed in a world environment characterized by a moderately higher generalized tariff protection such as that which prevailed before 1914. We show that an increase in average tariff rates among trading partners by just one third might suffice to reverse any negative relationship between an average country's tariffs and its growth. An increase in own tariffs after 1950 hurt or at least didn't help growth, but it might have helped growth in a world where average trading partners' tariffs were moderately higher and retaliation was the best strategy. The world environment matters. Leader-country reaction to big world events matters.