cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supporting Muslim Students in Secular Public Schools

This article discusses the findings of a study examining the challenges and opportunities of supporting Muslim students in secular public schools. Education is explored as a multifaceted interplay between home and family life, community resources, school programs and policies, and classroom lessons to investigate the curricular experiences of Muslim students in North America. In particular, this study focuses on data gathered through interviews, informal conversations, and participant observations to draw a narrative case study of a female, Bangladeshi, Muslim student attending a comprehensive elementary and middle school. The study explores tensions and growth among this Muslim student, her parent, and members of her school community as she balances affiliation to family beliefs and practices, her ethnic community, her Muslim community within the diaspora, and her school community.
Plenary talks: A vibrotactile sensory substitution device for the deaf and profoundly hearing impaired

There are 2 million functionally deaf individuals in the United States and an estimated 53 million worldwide. The cochlear implant (CI) is an effective solution for regaining hearing capabilities for certain populations within this group, but not for all. First, CIs are expensive, ranging from $40,000 to $90,000. Second, CIs require invasive surgery. Third, there is low efficacy of late CI implantation in early-onset deaf adults. Given these considerations, millions of deaf individuals would benefit from a hearing replacement that has low cost, does not involve an invasive procedure, and may have a higher efficacy for early-onset deaf adults. To this end, we are developing a low-cost, non-invasive, plasticity-based solution to deliver auditory information to the brain. Specifically, we are developing a “vibratory vest” by which auditory information is captured, digitally processed, and delivered to the skin of the torso using small vibratory motors. The term for such a technique is sensory substitution, and has previously proven successful in allowing those who are blind to have visual experience through the tongue or skin. In this talk, we will present our fully functional, real-time, Bluetooth-operated prototype, and demonstrate our results from several speech perception experiments. Funding for this research is supported by a training fellowship from the Keck Center of Interdisciplinary Bioscience Training of the Gulf Coast Consortia (NIBIB Grant No. 5T32EB006350-05) and the Renz Foundation.
Position, Scale, And Rotation Invariant Holographic Associative Memory

An all-optical holographic memory was recently proposed by researchers at the Hughes Research Laboratories. This paper details the investigation into the characteristics of that system and an extension to a position, scale, and rotation invariant (PSRI) holographic associative memory. The PSRI feature space is the en-polar representation of the square magnitude of the Fourier transform, IF(fnr, fo)I2, of the objects. This representation is generated optically using a coordinate transform computer-generated hologram. Angularly multiplexed, diffuse Fourier transform holograms of the PSRI feature space are characterized as the memory unit. Distorted input objects are correlated with the hologram, and a nonlinear phase conjugate mirror, self-pumped BaTiO3, reduces cross-correlation noise and provides object discrimination. The self-pumped phase conjugate mirror is characterized, and high diffraction efficiency bleached holograms are used in the place of thermoplastic film. Applications of the memory are also presented.
An optimization-based algorithm for job shop scheduling

Scheduling is a key factor for manufacturing productivity. Effective scheduling can improve on-time delivery, reduce inventory, cut lead times, and improve the utilization of bottleneck resources. Because of the combinatorial nature of scheduling problems, it is often difficult to find optimal schedules, especially within a limited amount of computation time. Production schedules therefore are usually generated by using heuristics in practice. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the quality of these schedules, and the consistency of performance may also be an issue. In this paper, near-optimal solution methodologies for job shop scheduling are examined. The problem is formulated as integer optimization with a “separable” structure. The requirement of on-time delivery and low work-in-process inventory is modelled as a goal to minimize a weighted part tardiness and earliness penalty function. Lagrangian relaxation is used to decompose the problem into individual part subproblems with intuitive appeal. By iteratively solving these subproblems and updating the Lagrangian multipliers at the high level, near-optimal schedules are obtained with a lower bound provided as a byproduct. This paper reviews a few selected methods for solving subproblems and for updating multipliers. Based on the insights obtained, a new algorithm is presented that combines backward dynamic programming for solving low level subproblems and interleaved conjugate gradient method for solving the high level problem. The new method significantly improves algorithm convergence and solution quality. Numerical testing shows that the method is practical for job shop scheduling in industries.
Dietary Fiber Further Epidemiological Support for a High-Intake Dietary Pattern

Dietary fiber is prominent in recommendations for prevention of both coronary heart disease and cancer. The National Cancer Institute gives primary emphasis to dietary fiber in its recommended food choices. A range of intake of 20 to 30 g/d is suggested for US adults.1 The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, through its National Cholesterol Education Program, emphasizes reduction in fat intake and compensatory energy replacement through the increased intake of other foods, including those with high fiber content. However, no quantitative target is provided for fiber intake.2 The report by Pietinen et al3 of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Study in this issue of Circulation provides new epidemiological evidence that should have an effect on dietary recommendations for prevention of coronary heart disease. What is dietary fiber, and how has its role been investigated? Much of the research on dietary fiber through the 1980s is reviewed in Diet and Health: Implications for Reducing Chronic Disease Risk, the encyclopedic 1989 report of the National Research Council.4 Dietary fiber is plant material consisting of nonstarch polysaccharides and lignins (polymers of phenylpropane residues), which are resistant to digestion by enzymes secreted in the human alimentary tract. Components of dietary fiber may be characterized by their specific chemical structures, their properties of solubility or insolubility, and the foods in which they are found. Food composition data for fiber are difficult to compile because of the complexity of their chemical properties and variations in available analytic methods. Quantification of fiber intake in the usual diet has not, therefore, been possible until very recently, and it remains somewhat tentative due to these limitations. Nevertheless, there is agreement that the principal food sources for fiber in general are cereals, fruits, and vegetables, with several foods providing multiple types of fiber. How much fiber …
Equation of State of Liquid-vapour Equilibrium with the Same Constants for Both Phases

As is known, the general equation of state of van der Waals, published in the year 1873, as well as its numerous modifications, expresses the relation between pressure, volume and temperature of gases-vapours and liquids qualitatively well, but generally only with a rather rough approximation with the same constants for both phases, especially for the liquid phase. Nevertheless, in view of the average experiences with these equations, several of their results, relatively, could be considered as accurate or satisfactory ones. Recent comparative calculations of Shah and Thodos1 about the most common fourteen equations of state, based on the critical data of argon and n-butane, clearly confirmed anew these circumstances. They have found the formula of Redlich and Kwong2 as the relatively best one by stating that “… this simple equation possesses the remarkable ability to represent the gaseous and liquid regions rather accurately”; yet they give no detailed results for the liquid states. Ree3, somewhat earlier, reached a similar conclusion that “… the Berthelot equation of state4 gives satisfactory results of liquid and vapour volumes in the vapour–liquid equilibrium for Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, O2, CO and CH4, …”, that is, they examined definitely only the volume values.
Product Innovation Assessment Training Idea Screening and Business Analysis Module for the Marketing Curriculum

A product idea screening and initial business (feasibility) analysis module for marketing courses is described. Product ideas that are evaluated in business feasibility analyses are provided by industry sponsors. Students and faculty benefit from the realism of experiential exercises. Industry sponsors benefit by having perspectives on product ideas from outside their own companies.
Snake Food Preference: Innate Intraspecific Geographic Variation

Compared to Florida individuals, a smaller percentage of Massachusetts Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis will accept fish. Both experienced adults and isolated newborn snakes respond similarly; the behavior is innate and correlated with habitat differences between the two localities. Although food preference in Natrix sipedon is also innate, geographic variation is not as clearcut.
Expressing Emotions in Stressful Contexts Benefits, Moderators, and Mechanisms

Historically, research has suggested that coping with stress by expressing emotions is maladaptive. With improved conceptualization and assessment of stressor-related emotional expression, more recent research has revealed that emotional expression can promote well-being in individuals who are under stress. Characteristics of stressors, individuals, social contexts, and the emotional expressions themselves determine whether emotionally expressive coping is beneficial. Identifying who benefits from emotional expression in which contexts and how the positive effects of emotionally expressive coping accrue can inform theories of coping and emotion and further the development of interventions for populations undergoing stress.
Factors influencing destination choice for the urban grocery shopping trip

Destination choice for the urban grocery shopping trip is hypothesized to be determined by three factors: the individual's perception of the destination, the individual's accessibility to the destination and the relative number of opportunities to exercise any particular choice. Results of a multinomial logit model estimation support this hypothesis and provide useful information concerning the role of urban form in this destination choice situation. It is determined that accessibility is the primary aspect influencing destination choice and that its effect is nonlinear.
Clinically significant carbamazepine drug interactions: an overview.

Summary: Knowledge of the principles of drug action and distribution contributes to an understanding of the occurrence of drug interactions. The pharmacologic action of most drugs is postulated to occur by the formation of a drug-receptor complex at the site of action that is capable of altering the physiologic response of the target system. The therapeutic response observed depends on the sum of the numerous factors that can affect the disposition pattern of a drug. In an individual, the response to a given drug dose remains relatively constant, but in a large population, a fixed dose can produce a range of plasma concentrations and therefore varied clinical responses. For most drugs, there is a linear relationship between the total dose and the plasma concentration achieved at steady state. Saturation, or zero-order, kinetics accounts for nonlinear increases in drug concentration with dosage increase. Drug-drug interactions with carbamazepine include several types. (1) Autoinduction of carbamazepine metabolism increases the carbamazepine clearance rate, decreases the half-life, and decreases serum concentrations; the clinician must reevaluate a patient's serum levels at 4 to 6 weeks after initiation of therapy. (2) Carbamazepine induces the metabolism of other antiepileptic drugs, enhancing the clearance of phenytoin, primidone, valproic acid, clonazepam, and ethosuximide. (3) Other drugs added to the epileptic patient's drug regimen may induce the metabolism of carbamazepine, causing increased serum concentrations. (4) Inhibition of carbamazepine metabolism by other drugs can also occur; symptoms of drug intoxication rapidly follow. Interactions occur between carbamazepine and macrolide antibiotics, cimetidine, propoxyphene, and isoniazid. Drug-drug interactions are preventable. It is the responsibility of every physician to be alert to the potential for their occurrence whenever a change in the epileptic patient's drug regimen is made.
Process, Promise, and Pitfalls of Collaborative Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa in an Adolescent Patient:

This case study illustrates the process and challenges of multidisciplinary treatment of an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. A biopsychosocial model of anorexia nervosa is presented. This case study demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach in which a physician, psychotherapist, and dietician with training in the treatment of eating disorders collaborated in an outpatient setting. This case was complicated by comorbid obsessive-compulsive personality features and limited adherence with treatment recommendations. A 1-month hospitalization on an inpatient unit is described to illustrate the importance of maintaining communication among all health care providers during the transition into and out of the hospital. This case demonstrates the importance of avoiding the pitfalls of splitting or scapegoating among the treatment team.
Exploring the impact of RFID on supply chain dynamics

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) as an emerging technology has generated enormous amount of interest in the supply chain arena. With RFID technology, inventory can be tracked more accurately in real time resulting in reduced processing time and labor. More significantly, the complete visibility of accurate inventory data throughout the entire supply chain, from manufacturer's shop floor to warehouses to retail stores, brings opportunities for improvement and transformation in various processes of the supply chain. We developed a simulation model to study how RFID can improve supply chain performance by modeling the impact of RFID technology in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain environment. Our study provides a quantitative analysis to demonstrate the potential benefits of RFID in inventory reduction and service level improvement.
Noble Gedanken: William Lipscomb

William Lipscomb ist Abbot und James Lowell Professor emeritus fur Chemie an der Harvard University. 1976 erhielt er den Nobelpreis fur Chemie fur seine Arbeiten uber Struktur und Bindungen von Borverbindungen und fur seine allgemeinen Uberlegungen zur Natur chemischer Bindungen.
Sulfhydryl groups of Escherichia coli ribosomes and ribosomal proteins

Abstract The number of sulfhydryl (SH) groups of Escherichia coli ribosomes and ribosomal proteins was determined using [ 14 C]iodoacetic acid. Only one SH group is reactive in the intact 50 s subunit (out of a total of 20 SH groups) compared with 2.7 SH groups per 30 s ribosome (out of a total of 14 SH groups). This result, taken with other recent chemical modification studies, suggests that a much higher percentage of amino acid side chains is buried in the 50 s ribosome compared with the 30 s subunit.
Nanolithography: Painting with block copolymers.

A combination of self-assembly and jet printing can be used to create block copolymer films with complex structures and tunable periodicities across a large substrate.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Bisexual Health: Unpacking the Paradox.

Although bisexuality has often been subsumed under the label of “homosexuality” and, for a number of reasons, bisexuality remains rather secretive, the recent documentation of the mental and physical health discrepancies that exist between bisexually-identified men/women and their counterparts has triggered an upsurge in research focused on bisexual populations (Boehmer, 2002; Dodge & Sandfort, 2007; Kaestle & Ivory, 2012). As such, health concerns continue to drive a large portion of the research on bisexual populations. Although research focused directly on the needs of bisexual men and women is a welcome addition to the literature, the emphasis on health disparities has the potential to perpetuate a problematized view of bisexuality. The stigmatization of bisexual men and women may be further amplified by research which evaluates bisexual populations against comparatively ‘healthy’ heterosexual populations.
Effects of Chemical Mechanism Uncertainties on the Reactivity Quantification of Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Three-Dimensional Air Quality Model

Accurate quantification of the ozone-forming potential, termed reactivity, of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is critical for correctly assessing the impacts of emissions on air quality. As reactivity-based regulations are being more carefully considered for urban ozone control strategies, the uncertainties in the ability to quantify reactivity are gaining importance. This study utilized a three-dimensional air quality model to examine the uncertainty in reactivity quantification resulting from a set of reaction rate constant uncertainties. A previous study identified the set of rate constants that were most critical for single-cell model ozone predictions. With the detailed airshed model, uncertainties in rate constants for aldehyde photolysis, nitric acid formation, and decomposition of peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and peroxy propionyl nitrate plus higher PAN analogues (PPN) exhibited the greatest impact on relative compound reactivity values. For the compounds and reactions examined, the combined responses to 2σ changes in reaction rate constants were approximately 15% of the predicted relative reactivity values, with the reactivities of ethylbenzene and toluene exhibiting the greatest response. The choice of reactivity quantification measures and the air quality models used had a greater impact on relative reactivity predictions than did the rate constant uncertainties.
Optimized molecular reconstruction procedure combining hybrid reverse Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics

We report an efficient atom-scale reconstruction method that consists of combining the Hybrid Reverse Monte Carlo algorithm (HRMC) with Molecular Dynamics (MD) in the framework of a simulated annealing technique. In the spirit of the experimentally constrained molecular relaxation technique [Biswas et al., Phys. Rev. B 69, 195207 (2004)], this modified procedure offers a refined strategy in the field of reconstruction techniques, with special interest for heterogeneous and disordered solids such as amorphous porous materials. While the HRMC method generates physical structures, thanks to the use of energy penalties, the combination with MD makes the method at least one order of magnitude faster than HRMC simulations to obtain structures of similar quality. Furthermore, in order to ensure the transferability of this technique, we provide rational arguments to select the various input parameters such as the relative weight ω of the energy penalty with respect to the structure optimization. By applying the method to disordered porous carbons, we show that adsorption properties provide data to test the global texture of the reconstructed sample but are only weakly sensitive to the presence of defects. In contrast, the vibrational properties such as the phonon density of states are found to be very sensitive to the local structure of the sample.
Comparing vaginal sarcoma and carcinoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, 1988 to 2010: An analysis of 4062 patients

highlighted potential utility with inhibitors of this pathway. DNA repair pathway was altered in our CCE cohort as well: low ERCC1 (6%) and MGMT (34%) expression and high BRCA2 mutation rate, suggesting sensitivity to alkylating agents. Evaluation of the cMET pathway showed 40% IHC expression. TUBB3, a class III β-tubulin, was infrequently expressed (15%), and TLE3 expression was high (29%) compared to other EC subtypes, implicating sensitivity to microtubule-stabilizing agents. Increased TOPO2A expression, associated with anthracycline efficacy, was seen in over 80% of cases. Loss of RRM1, a DNA synthesis protein known to determine efficacy of gemcitabine, was seen in 78% of cases. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the genetic heterogeneity of CCE and identified altered cellular pathways with potential diagnostic and predictive values for therapeutic intervention. Drugs targeting the pathways for DNA repair, PI3K, and receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as gemcitabine and taxanes, may warrant consideration in selected patients with CCE.
Primary production, isotopes, extinctions and the atmosphere

Abstract Phytoplankton photosynthesis has controlled the atmospheric carbon dioxide-oxygen balance since the early Precambrian when algal abundance became sufficient to convert the reducing atmosphere to an oxygenic one. Later phytoplankton maxima indicated in the geologic record coincide with and are here suggested to have caused extensive biogenic calcareous deposition, and evolutionary diversification of the contemporaneous biota. In contrast, the onset of decreased productivity in the geologic past triggered a general biotic turnover on both land and sea. Times of phytoplankton extinctions coincide with similar periods affecting animal taxa rather than terrestrial plants. These periods of severely reduced microfloras and low productivity resulted in atmospheric oxygen depletion and increased pCO2, 12C enriched limestones, formation of 32S enriched sulfates, and submarine dissolution of carbonates. Selective extinctions of animal taxa were due to quantitative variations in the interrelated processes of carbon fixation (the food source for the marine environment), and the photosynthetic consumption of carbon dioxide and production of oxygen. The phytoplankton abundance may have been controlled by contemporaneous continental physiography, through its effect on climate, atmospheric circulation and oceanic upwelling. Low continents, equable climates, little influx of land-derived materials and lessened effectiveness of upwelling allowed the sinking of nutrients to exceed their renewal, resulting in marked reduction of phytoplankton, with the attendant effects of the decreased productivity and oxygen depletion crossing ecologic and systematic boundaries. Continental rejuvenation with resultant climatic changes and increased oceanic circulation stimulated renewed phytoplankton diversification and growth, and allowed a renewed expansion of dependent animal taxa.
Cytolytic enzymes in relation to the breakdown of the chelae muscle of the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis.

Abstract 1. 1. In the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, the claw muscle undergoes degeneration and regeneration during specific stages of the molt cycle. 2. 2. Correlative in time with the degeneration, there is a three-fold increase in latent cathepsin D activity and a two-fold increase in latent acid phosphatase activity, where latency is defined as activity released by Triton X-100. 3. 3. The activity may be in either muscle cells themselves or connective tissue elements, including macrophages.
Apurinic endonuclease activity from wild-type and repair-deficient mei-9 Drosophila ovaries.

An endonuclease which acts on apurinic (AP) sites in DNA was partially purified from Drosophila ovaries. The enzyme present in the female germ line has a molecular weight of 63 000 daltons, is Mg++ dependent, and produces a site upon cleaving depurinated DNA that supports DNA repair synthesis. Although the same characteristics are shared by the enzyme present in the excision-deficient mutant mei-9, specific activity for the AP endonuclease is reduced 98% when compared with that found for its wild-type counterpart. Moreover, cross-reactivity toward an antibody that recognizes the wild-type AP endonuclease protein is reduced roughly 90% for partially purified preparations from mei-9. Mixing experiments between extracts of mei-9 and wild type suggest that the mei-9 structural gene somehow alters or influences the levels of the AP endonuclease protein, but in view of the complex phenotype of this mutant the endonuclease is probably not the product of the gene itself.
National Trends in Ambulatory Visits and Antibiotic Prescribing for Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections

Background Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged as a common cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in the United States. It is unknown whether this development has affected the national rate of visits to primary care practices and emergency departments (EDs) and whether changes in antibiotic prescribing have occurred. Methods We examined visits by patients with SSTIs to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and EDs using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1997 to 2005. We estimated annual visit rates for all SSTIs and a subset classified as abscess/cellulitis. For abscess/cellulitis visits, we examined trends in characteristics of patients and clinical settings and in antibiotic prescribing. Results Overall rate of visits for SSTIs increased from 32.1 to 48.1 visits per 1000 population (50%; P = .003 for trend), reaching 14.2 million by 2005. More than 95% of this change was attributable to visits for abscess/cellulitis, which increased from 17.3 to 32.5 visits per 1000 population (88% increase; P P Conclusions The incidence of SSTIs has rapidly increased nationwide in the CA-MRSA era and appears to disproportionately affect certain populations. Although physicians are beginning to modify antibiotic prescribing practices, opportunities for improvement exist, targeting physicians caring for patients who are at high risk.
A Rapid Method for the Determination of Whey Protein Denaturation

Abstract The use of reversed-phase HPLC for the determination of whey protein denaturation was investigated. Denatured whey proteins and caseins were isolated from undenatured whey proteins by isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.6. Whey protein denaturation was determined by comparing reversed-phase HPLC protein profiles of isolates far heat-treated and unheated NDM from pooled herd, Holstein cows. In general, protein profiles for heat-treated skim milk indicated that whey protein denaturation began at about 40°C, became more rapid at 70°C, and was 95% complete at 85°C. Undenatured whey protein was also quantified as whey protein nitrogen based on their absorbance and nitrogen content compared with known whey protein standards or by augmenting the same samples with a known amount of lysozyme. Whey protein nitrogen values obtained by the reversed-phase HPLC method were in good agreement with those obtained by the modified Kjeldahl nitrogen procedure for three NDM powders prepared from skim milk preheated to 63, 74, and 85°C before spray drying, and by commercial low and high heat NDM standards. Isolation of undenatured whey proteins and their separation by reversed-phrase HPLC takes approximately 1.5h.
Leaks and endoscopic assessment of break of integrity after NOTES gastrotomy: the LEAKING study, a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Background Gastric leak testing after natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) gastrotomy closure may help reduce the risk of leaks after transgastric procedures. Objective To develop a novel endoscopy-based system to determine the presence of a leak after NOTES gastrotomy and to compare this system prospectively with radiographic leak testing. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Setting Academic Medical Center laboratory. Subjects Fifty swine. Intervention During the pretrial phase, an endoscopic system for the measurement of intragastric pressure was developed. In the trial phase, swine with a NOTES gastrotomy were randomized to endoscopic versus radiographic leak testing. If a leak was demonstrated, the gastrotomy was reclosed by using a second-generation prototype T-anchor system. The primary outcome was leak detection after gastrotomy closure. The secondary outcome variables included necropsy findings, peritoneal fluid analysis, histologic examination, and clinical outcome. Results Fourteen swine were included in the pretrial phase and 36 in the randomized trial. Swine were survived for a mean of 9 days postoperatively. Endoscopic pressure monitoring demonstrated a reproducible change in intragastric pressure with insufflation; r = 0.735, P = .001 and r = 0.769, P ≤ .000 for the total and maximum pressures, respectively. Post-peritoneoscopy, there was a detectable and significant decrease in the mean total and mean maximum pressures versus baseline ( P = .006 and P = .009). There was no significant difference between the radiologic and endoscopic arms in leak detection rate (4/18 vs 3/18, respectively, P = .500). Clinical outcomes and mean weight gain were equivalent. There was 1 operative abdominal wall injury and no deaths. Limitations Animal study. Conclusion Endoscopic pressure monitoring was reproducible, demonstrated the presence of gastric leak, and was as reliable as contrast-based radiographic leak testing.
Exposure to advertisement calls of reproductive competitors activates vocal-acoustic and catecholaminergic neurons in the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus.

While the neural circuitry and physiology of the auditory system is well studied among vertebrates, far less is known about how the auditory system interacts with other neural substrates to mediate behavioral responses to social acoustic signals. One species that has been the subject of intensive neuroethological investigation with regard to the production and perception of social acoustic signals is the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, in part because acoustic communication is essential to their reproductive behavior. Nesting male midshipman vocally court females by producing a long duration advertisement call. Females localize males by their advertisement call, spawn and deposit all their eggs in their mate’s nest. As multiple courting males establish nests in close proximity to one another, the perception of another male’s call may modulate individual calling behavior in competition for females. We tested the hypothesis that nesting males exposed to advertisement calls of other males would show elevated neural activity in auditory and vocal-acoustic brain centers as well as differential activation of catecholaminergic neurons compared to males exposed only to ambient noise. Experimental brains were then double labeled by immunofluorescence (-ir) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme necessary for catecholamine synthesis, and cFos, an immediate-early gene product used as a marker for neural activation. Males exposed to other advertisement calls showed a significantly greater percentage of TH-ir cells colocalized with cFos-ir in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and the dopaminergic periventricular posterior tuberculum, as well as increased numbers of cFos-ir neurons in several levels of the auditory and vocal-acoustic pathway. Increased activation of catecholaminergic neurons may serve to coordinate appropriate behavioral responses to male competitors. Additionally, these results implicate a role for specific catecholaminergic neuronal groups in auditory-driven social behavior in fishes, consistent with a conserved function in social acoustic behavior across vertebrates.
Modeling variation in tumors in vivo

Transgenic mice that allow mutant cells to be visualized in situ were used to study variation in tumors. These mice carry the G11 placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) transgene, a mutant allele rendered incapable of producing its enzyme product by a frameshift caused by insertion of a tract of G:C base pairs in a coding region. Spontaneous deletion of one G:C base pair from this tract restores gene function, and cells with PLAP activity can be detected histochemically. To study tumors, the G11 PLAP transgene was introduced into the polyoma virus middle T antigen mammary tumor model. Tumors in these mice exhibited up to 300 times more PLAP+ cells than normal tissues. PLAP+ cells were located throughout each tumor. Many of the PLAP+ cells were singlets, but clusters also were common, with one cluster containing >30,000 cells. Comparison of these data to simulations produced by computer models suggested that multiple factors were involved in generating mutant cells in tumors. Although genetic instability appeared to have occurred in most tumors, large clusters were much more common than expected based on instability alone.
Effect of modification of the physicochemical properties of ICAM-1-derived peptides on internalization and intracellular distribution in the human leukemic cell line HL-60

The objective of this work is to test the hypothesis that increasing the hydrophilicity of DOX−peptide conjugates may modify their entry mechanisms into HL-60 cells from passive diffusion to receptor-mediated uptake. To test this hypothesis, the entry mechanisms and the intracellular disposition of DOX−cIBR7, DOX−PEGcIBR7, FITC−cIBR, and FITC−cIBR7 were evaluated in HL-60 cells. To increase the hydrophilicity of the peptide, the cIBR peptide (cyclo(1,12)PenPRGGSVLVTGC) was modified to cIBR7 peptide (cyclo(1,8)CPRGGSVC) by removing the hydrophobic residues at the C-terminus. DOX−cIBR7 conjugate, which has higher hydrophilicity than DOX−cIBR, was synthesized. Second, a hydrophilic linker (11-amino-3,6,9-trioxaundecanate linker) was incorporated between DOX and cIBR7 to generate DOX−PEGcIBR7 with higher hydrophilicity than DOX−cIBR7. As controls, FITC−cIBR and FITC−cIBR7 were used to check for any endocytic uptake process of the peptide. As previously found with DOX−cIBR, DOX−cIBR7, and DOX−PEGcIBR7, conjuga...
Cleavage surface energy of calcite

Abstract The surface energy of the cleavage planes, {10 1 1}, of calcite was determined at 298°K by use of the modified Gilman Cleavage technique. A parameter, ‘Modified Apparent Inverse Surface Energy’ is defined and its variation with the static crack length and specimen dimensions was utilized in evaluating the true surface energy. The significance of the new analysis as compared to that of Westwood and Hitch is discussed. The cleavage surface energy, 347 ± 45 ergs/cm2, of the cleavage planes of calcite, obtained in accordance with the modified analytical treatment, is in good agreement with the theoretical value of Gilman. The good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values of surface energy of calcite precludes the occurrence of any appreciable plastic flow at the crack tip.
REACTION OF HYDRAZINE AND NITROGEN TETROXIDE IN A LOWPRESSURE ENVIRONMENT

Reaction of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide at pressures of .001 mm hg in a steel vacuum tank
Prolonged progression-free survival in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer metastatic to the liver after chemotherapy and local radiation therapy.

Patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer (negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) that progresses after standard systemic chemotherapy have limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. This report presents the case of a 50-year-old woman with triple-negative breast cancer with liver-only metastases who achieved extended progression-free survival off systemic chemotherapy for approximately 3 years after initial treatment with chemotherapy and precision radiotherapy to her liver metastases.
Masseter muscle hypertrophy: Report of case and literature review

Abstract Benign masseteric hypertrophy is a relatively uncommon condition that can occur unilaterally or bilaterally. Pain may be a symptom, but most frequently the clinician is consulted for cosmetic reasons. In some cases prominent exostoses at the angle of the mandible are noted. Although it is tempting to point to malocclusion, bruxism, clenching, or temporomandibular joint disorders, the etiology in the majority of cases is unclear. Diagnosis is based on awareness of the condition, clinical and radiographic findings, and exclusion of more serious pathology such as benign and malignant parotid disease, rhabdomyoma, and lymphangioma. Treatment usually involves resection of a portion of the masseter muscle with or without the underlying bone. 1
Composition fluctuations, correlated response, and protein solvation in membranes

Membrane composition fluctuations are deduced from the deuterium NMR relaxation data of S. L. Veatch et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 17650 (2007)]. A theoretical model for these fluctuations is used to determine the parameters of a correlation function. A fluctuation-response relation is then derived to infer the response of a lipid bilayer membrane to perturbations, such as the presence of a protein. The energy of the correlated response is shown to decrease as a bilayer miscibility critical point is approached from higher temperatures. Near the critical temperature the low energy of the composition response facilitates the lipid solvation of membrane proteins and minimizes lipid-mediated nonspecific protein-protein interactions. This facilitated lipid solvation of membrane proteins may be the basis of reports that at the growth temperature, the lipids of animal cell membranes have compositions such that they are within ∼10° of a miscibility critical point.
New Approach to the Inspection of Cooling Holes in Aero-Engines

The need for improved thermal efficiency of jet engines has led to changes in the design of combustor turbine blades. Modern turbine stage inlet temperatures now exceed the melting point temperatures of turbine blade materials. Super alloys, based on nickel, have been developed for use as blades, guide vanes, afterburners etc. To combat and avert blade failure caused by excessive operating temperatures, film cooling has been incorporated into blade design. In film cooling, cool air is bled from the compressor stage, ducted into internal chambers of the turbine blades, and discharged through small holes in the blade walls. This provides a thin, cool, insulating blanket along the external surface of the turbine blade. Large numbers of shaped holes have allowed designers to maximize the cooling effect. This paper explores a new design for measuring the presence and depth of blind holes in turbine blade. In the paper, we examine the inspection techniques currently in use and present a novel optical technique as an alternative. To precisely control the location of the holes on the turbine blade, an XYZ inspection stage is employed. Using a small collimating tube, a micro-beam illuminates each hole in a pre-programmed fashion. Depending on the level of reflected intensity and when it occurs, the presence of a hole bottom is determined. The optical inspection system consists of a laser, motorized micropositioning stage, collimating tubes, data acquisition software and a customized fixture for manipulating the samples.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Influence of proton ionophore and negative sites on the dielectric behavior of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)s

Abstract The dielectric behavior of a 50 50 blend of two poly(vinyl chloride) weight standards was measured, both before and after being plasticized with 200 parts per hundred of o -nitrophenyl octyl ether. To these dummy membranes were added the proton ionophore, tridodecylamine (TDDA), in the amounts of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 wtwt −1 % as well as a source of negative sites, potassium tetrakis-4-chlorophenyl borate (KTpClPB), in relative proportions (TDDA/KTpClPB) of 1:0, 1:1, 1.5:1, and 3:1. Because replicate membranes were cast from parent THF solutions, compositional changes were not a factor. Using a TA Instruments' DEA 2970 equipped with parallel plate sensors, nominally 0.15 mm thick films were scanned at 3°C min −1 in the dry and hydrated conditions from −100 to +100°C at seven frequencies (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10 000 and 100 000 Hz). By 100°C, permittivity and loss factor increased with TDDA concentration more than 1000-fold over values measured at the glass transition temperature of ca. −75°C. Permittivity and loss factor also increased six orders of magnitude over a six orders of magnitude decrease in frequency. The absolute magnitudes of tan δ at the peaks decreased with increasing TDDA loading. In the wet conditions, tan δ converged to a single value of six at 10 wtwt −1 % TDDA, regardless of the proportion of TDDA/KTpClPB and test frequency. The ionic conductivities at the temperature at which the peak of tan δ occurs were independent of TDDA concentration but increased with increasing frequency. Above a minimum of 1.5:1, the relative proportion of TDDA/KTpClPB was not as significant as the absolute amount of TDDA and/or KTpClPB present, and hydration had little overall effect on the dielectric properties.
Deconfining transition in lattice QCD

Abstract Recent measurements of the quark deconfinement transition temperature for “quenched” Quantum Chromodynamics on large lattices are discussed. The evidence these provide for asymptotic scaling and an analysis of finite size corrections are presented.
A genetic approach to the quadratic assignment problem

Abstract The quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem with a wide variety of practical applications. Although many heuristics and semi-enumerative procedures for QAP have been proposed, no dominant algorithm has emerged. In this paper, we describe a genetic algorithm (GA) approach to QAP. Genetic algorithms are a class of randomized parallel search heuristics which emulate biological natural selection on a population of feasible solutions. We present computational results which show that this GA approach finds solutions competitive with those of the best previously-known heuristics, and argue that genetic algorithms provide a particularly robust method for QAP and its more complex extensions.
Quantitative Analysis of Glabrous Skin Blood Flow and its Role in Human Thermoregulation

Glabrous (hairless) skin found on the hands, feet, face, and ears is a unique component of the thermoregulatory system. Its anatomy and control physiology differ markedly from those of the rest of the skin. Glabrous regions contain vascular networks capable of supporting large blood flows due to the presence of highly tortuous and densely packed arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) and associated venous collecting networks [1]. When dilated, these vessels bring large volumes of blood close to the body surface where they function as highly efficient heat exchangers. Furthermore, the manner in which this blood flow is controlled is very unique, exhibiting, for example, rapid and high-magnitude responses, as well as a greater sensitivity to central core signals [1]. In this light, glabrous skin is an important but often overlooked tool the body uses to rapidly and finely adjust energy balance to maintain thermal equilibrium.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Local DCPOs, Local CPOs and Local Completions

Abstract We use a subfamily of the Scott-closed sets of a poset to form a local completion of the poset. This is simultaneously a topological analogue of the ideal completion of a poset and a generalization of the sobrification of a topological space. After we show that our construction is the object level of a left adjoint to the forgetful functor from the category of local cpos to the category of posets and Scott-continuous maps, we use this completion to show how local domains can play a role in the study of domain-theoretic models of topological spaces. Our main result shows that any topological space that is homeomorphic to the maximal elements of a continuous poset that is weak at the top also is homeomorphic to the maximal elements of a bounded complete local domain. The advantage is that continuous maps between such spaces extend to Scott-continuous maps between the modeling local domains.
Retinoid stimulation of epidermal differentiation in vivo

Retinoids are potent inducers of epidermal hyperplasia in vivo. Epidermal transglutaminase activity and stratum corneum turnover were examined in all-trans-retinoic acid and arotinoid ethyl ester treated hairless mice, to evaluate the possible contribution of decreased epidermal cell loss to the induction of hyperplasia by retinoids. Stratum corneum turnover was enhanced, and the absolute amounts (activity/cm2), but not the specific activities, of soluble and particulate transglutaminase increased following retinoid treatment. Since epidermal differentiation was enhanced after retinoid treatment, the hyperplastic response is due to increased cell formation and not decreased cell loss.
An incremental economic dispatch method for cascaded hydroelectric power plants

The Bureau of Reclamation has undertaken a program to improve water resource management at its hydroelectric power plants. One feature of the resource optimization program involves the development of economic dispatch methods which will enable plant operators to meet power and water demands while increasing overall operating efficiency. The economic dispatch method described has been designed and simulated using a computer model of the Lower Colorado River Basin's hydraulic and electric power systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the economic dispatch method yields significant efficiency improvements with sufficient speed for practical application. >
Interaction of very-low-density lipoprotein isolated from type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects with human monocyte-derived macrophages

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (density < 1.006 g/mL) were isolated from type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in good to fair glycemic control and from age-, sex-, and race-matched, nondiabetic, control subjects. VLDL were incubated with human, monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from nondiabetic donors, and the rates of cellular cholesteryl ester synthesis and cholesterol accumulation were determined. VLDL isolated from diabetic patients stimulated significantly more cholesteryl ester synthesis than did VLDL isolated from control subjects (4.04 ± 1.01 v 1.99 ± 0.39 nmol 14C-cholesteryl oleate synthetized/mg cell protein/20 h; mean ± SEM, P < .05). The stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis in macrophages incubated with VLDL isolated from diabetic patients was paralleled by a significant increase in intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation (P < .05). The increases in cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation in macrophages were mediated by a significant increase in the receptor mediated, high affinity degradation (2.55 ± 0.23 v 2.12 ± 0.20 μg degraded/mg cell protein/20 h) and accumulation (283 ± 35 v 242 ± 33 ng/mg cell protein/20 h) of 125I-VLDL isolated from diabetic patients compared with VLDL from control subjects. To determine if changes in VLDL apoprotein composition were responsible for the observed changes in cellular rates of cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation, we also examined the apoprotein composition of the VLDL from both groups. There were no significant differences between the apoproteins B, E, and C content of VLDL from both groups. We also determined the chemical composition of VLDL isolated from both groups of subjects. The free cholesterol content of VLDL isolated from diabetic patients increased significantly and, thus, also contributed to the increased rates of cellular cholesteryl ester synthesis and accumulation. In conclusion, we have shown that VLDL isolated from Type I diabetic patients interact abnormally with human macrophages, and this altered interaction may contribute to the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis in diabetes.