cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation-Based Tolerance and Assemblability Analyses of Assemblies With Multiple Pin/Hole Floating Mating Conditions

Development of tolerance analysis methods that are consistent with the ASME and ISO GD&T (geometric dimensioning and tolerancing) standards is a challenging task. Such methods are the basis for creating computer-aided tools for 3D tolerance analysis and assemblability analysis. These tools, along with the others, make it possible to realize virtual manufacturing in order to shorten lead-time and reduce cost in the product development process. Current simulation tools for 3D tolerance analysis and assemblability analysis are far from satisfactory because the underlying variation algorithms are not fully consistent with the GD&T standards. Better algorithms are still to be developed. Towards that goal, this paper proposes an improved simulation-based approach to tolerance and assemblability analyses for assemblies with pin/hole floating mating conditions in mechanical products. A floating pin/hole mating condition is the one where the mating pin should be able to “float” within the mating hole, and thus press-fit is not necessary for the parts to assemble properly. When multiple pin/hole mating pairs are involved in a product, the feasibility of assembly needs to be analyzed. This paper will introduce a more complete method of analyzing assemblability for such assemblies. In most cases, a 3D (3-dimensional) problem can be simplified to 1D (1-dimensional) or 2D (2-dimensional) problem, with the loss of some accuracy. To make a comparison and find out how accurately 1D and 2D analyses can approximate 3D analysis, this paper will provide the variation algorithms for 1D, 2D and 3D simulations. The algorithms developed account not only for bonus/shift tolerances but also for feasibility of assembling. These algorithms are extendable to consider other different GD&T specifications. The assemblability criteria proposed is generally applicable to any assemblies with pin/hole floating mating conditions. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the algorithms developed. The comparison study shows quantitatively the difference in the results from 1D, 2D and 3D simulation based analyses.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Dynamic gravity probe-B spacecraft due to gravity jitter induced cryogenic helium disturbances in rotating dewar

The dynamical behavior of fluids, in particular the effect of surface tension on partially-filled rotating fluids (cryogenic liquid helium and helium vapor) in a full scale Gravity Probe-B Spacecraft propellant dewar tank imposed by various frequencies of gravity jitters have been investigated. The study shows that slosh waves excited inside the spacecraft propellant tank are characterized by the lowest frequency of the waves initiated, frequencies of the gravity jitters imposed on the propellant system, the levels of background gravity environment, and dewar rotating speeds. Conditions for suppression and amplification of the slosh waves are discussed. It also shows that fluid stress distribution exerted on the walls of the rotating dewar are closely related to the characteristics of slosh waves excited on the liquid-vapor interface in the rotating dewar tank. This can provide a set of data leading toward the control of spacecraft imbalance caused by the uneven fluid stress distribution from slosh waves.
The role of malonate in the bacterial biosynthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid

Abstract Mycobacterium phlei has been shown by tracer techniques to utilize malonate in the biosynthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid. The labeling pattern of 6-methylsalicylic acid obtained by chemical degradation is consistent with the acetate polymalonate biosynthetic pathway.
Meaning and comparative concepts

In recent years cross-cultural comparison has increasingly come to be regarded as a general sociological methodology and not just a specialized sub-field. This changed perspective is partly a product of a greater awareness of the parochial nature of many generalizations in sociology, which have had to be corrected when confronted with a broader range of cases. Thus, the nuclear family is no longer considered to be a cultural universal. But it also corresponds to a greater emphasis on theory-testing in the hypotheticodeductive sense, an emphasis which carries with it the need to maximize the range of variation of social phenomena.1 So closely, in fact, has the comparative method been identified with the search for general propositions or laws that other types of comparative sociology have been almost forgotten.
Computer simulation of liquidvapor interfacial tension: Lennard-jones fluid and water revisited

We review several commonly used simulation methods for computing liquid–vapor surface tension and associated theoretical treatments of the long-range correction for inhomogeneous systems. Prototype model systems considered in this review are the Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid and the SPC/E model water. In addition, we examine a variety of factors that can affect calculation of the surface tension γ via the mechanical approach (i.e. using either KB or IK method). It is found that for the LJ fluid, the size of simulation box and the number of particles in the system can have notable effects on the computed surface tension. For SPC/E water, the Ewald parameters can influence computed surface tensions (γ) as well, e.g., very small Ewald parameters tend to overestimate γ. It is also found that the IK method consistently gives γ that are 0.6 - 0.9 mN/m greater than γ computed based on the KB method. When computing the first reciprocal–space contribution to the surface tension, the Ghoufi's strategy gives rise to more sensible profile of pressure difference PN(z)-PT(z) than the Alejandre's strategy although both strategies result in nearly the same average surface tension through the integration of PN(z)-PT(z).
Synthesis of inorganic and organic-inorganic hybrid hollow particles using a cationic surfactant with a partially fluorinated tail

A new partially fluorinated cationic surfactant, 1-(10-perfluorooctyldecyl)pyridinium bromide monohydrate, is synthesized and used as the template for mesoporous ceramic and inorganic–organic hybrid particles. Several hydrolyzed alkoxide precursors are shown to co-assemble with this surfactant to form hollow vesicle-like particles, and the effect of changing the alkoxide chemical structure on the formation of these particles is examined. Tetramethoxysilane produces cubic or columnar particles without hollow cavities, but all other tetra-n-alkoxysilanes tested up to the n-butoxide produce hollow particles. As the alkoxide length increases, the shell structure changes from multilayered (with Si(OC2H5)4) to a single thin layer (with Si(OC3H7)4) to a single thick layer (with Si(OC4H9)4). The stability of the fluorocarbon bilayers allows similar vesicular structures to be obtained in organic–inorganic hybrids prepared with bridged alkoxysilanes. Ethylene-bridged silanes display similar structures to tetraalkoxysilanes. However, the hollow structures appear to partially collapse when the bridging chain is too long (octylene) and no hollow particles are formed with bis(trialkoxysilylpropyl)amines.
Phyllanthoside-Phyllanthostatin synthetic studies. 6. An augmented spiroketalization tactic for the total synthesis of phyllanthocin

Abstract An enhanced spiroketalization maneuver permitting equilibration at both the C(8) and C(11) centers of spiroketals 17a,b leads to a more concise and efficient synthesis of phyllanthocin (i.e., 21 steps, 5.6% overall yield).
Cultural Perspectives on Dreams and Consciousness

Anthropological studies of folk cultures have been made not only on the content of their dreams but also on their interpretations. While there is a wide variance in the understanding of dreaming by cultures other than our own, there is a large set which might be called the classic dream interpretation of folk societies, which was first noted by Tylor in the nineteenth century. Its main tenet is that dreams are the experiences or travels of the soul, and that the soul is distinct from the waking ego who recounts the dream. The dream is a narrative about real things, not something of a fantasy nature. This leads to a different epistemological basis of dreaming than the Western framework. This paper details the extent and nature of this interpretation, and explores the psychological and philosophical issues raised by it.
Large-scale coastal wetland restoration on the Laurentian Great Lakes: Determining the potential for water quality improvement

Abstract Coastal wetlands around the Laurentian Great Lakes, estimated to cover 1290 km 2 in the USA after extensive losses in the past 200 years, are rarely restored for water quality enhancement of the Great Lakes, despite the need for minimizing phosphorus and other pollutant inputs to the lakes. A simulation model, developed and validated for a series of created experimental marshes in northeastern Illinois, was aggregated and simplified to estimate the nutrient retention capacity of hypothetical large-scale coastal wetland restoration in Michigan and Ohio. Restoration of 31.2 km 2 of wetlands on agricultural land along Saginaw Bay, Michigan, would retain 25 metric tons-P year −1 (53% of the phosphorus flow from the upstream watershed). Hydrologic restoration of 17.3 km 2 of mostly diked wetlands in Sandusky Bay, Ohio, would retain 38 metric tons year −1 (12% of the phosphorus flow from the upstream watershed). A wetland distribution model developed for the Saginaw Bay site illustrated a technique for identifying sites that have high potential for being transition zones between open water and upland and thus logical locations for wetland restoration.
Effect of Diet Composition on Vanadium Toxicity for the Chick

Studies to determine the effect of diet composition on the toxicity of 20 ppm added vanadium for the young chick have shown: growth depression of 25-30% with a corn-soybean meal ration but only 3-7% with a corn-herring fish meal diet. Growth depression of 35-40% with a semi-purified sucrose-soybean meal diet and approximately 50% with a diet of sucrose and herring fish meal. Adding graded levels of corn to the sucrose-fish meal ration and fish meal to the corn-soybean meal ration reduced vanadium toxicity. The corn fractions, ash, oil, starch, zein and gluten did not reduce vanadium toxicity. Removing the added magnesium (300 ppm) and potassium (2000 ppm) from the sucrose-fish meal ration did not affect growth rate or mortality. However removal of these materials from the basal ration increased growth depression due to added vanadium from 43-56% and increased mortality from 10-80%. 4 references, 9 tables.
Lower Body Function and Mortality in Mexican American Elderly People

Background. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the differential impact of performance-based and selfreported lower body measures on 2-year mortality in Mexican American elderly persons. Methods. Data employed are from the Hispanic Established Population for Epidemiological Studies of the Elderly, a probability survey of 3050 community-dwelling Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the five Southwestern states interviewed in 1993 and 1994. Of the baseline sample with complete data, 198 persons were confirmed deceased 2 years later. A three-task, performance-based, lower body function measure consisting of a short walk, balance, and repeated chair stands tests was used. Self-reported lower body function was measured by a 4-item Activities of Daily Living (ADL) measure involving the lower body. Results. The three-task, lower body function measure was a significant predictor of 2-year mortality. The short walk alone was as predictive as the summary measure. The predictive ability of both measures was minimally reduced by the inclusion of the self-reported ADL measure and life-threatening medical conditions. Finally, the ADL measure was not a significant predictor of mortality with all the other variables in the analysis. Conclusion. Objective measures of lower body function were significant predicators of mortality in Mexican American elderly persons, as found in the general population. Unlike previous studies, the ADL measure was not an independent predictor of mortality after controlling for the objective measure and other risk factors. Additional research is needed to address why objective measures of function are such strong predictors of death.
The role of FSH in the selection of large ovarian follicles in the rat.

To determine if the preovulatory surge of FSH plays a role in the selection of a cohort of follicles destined so ovulate during the subsequent estrous cycle, exogenous FSH was administered on the day before proestrus and the ovaries were examined 24 h later using histological and morphometric techniques. Administration of exogenous FSH I day ahead of she endogenous surge of gonadotropins caused the appearance of a cohort of small pre-Graafian follicles (390-500 pm in diameter) I day ahead of the time of their usual appearance. Elimination of the FSH / LH surge on proestrus. by means of a barbiturate blockade of the surge of gonadotropins. prevented the influx of small pre-Graafian follicles normally seen on estrus. However, replacement of FSH in barbiturate blocked animals restored the appearance of these small pre-Graafian follicles. These results suggest that the FSH surge of one cycle may rescue follicles in the 200-400 pm size range, thereby selecting those follicles which will ovulate during the next cycle.
Immunization of Aged Mice with a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Combined with an Unmethylated CpG-Containing Oligodeoxynucleotide Restores Defective Immunoglobulin G Antipolysaccharide Responses and Specific CD4^+-T-Cell Priming to Young Adult Levels

Polysaccharide (PS)-protein conjugate vaccines, in contrast to purified PS vaccines, recruit CD4+-T-cell help and restore defective PS-specific humoral immunity in the immature host. Surprisingly, in the immunocompromised, aged host, anti-PS responses to conjugate vaccines are typically no better than those elicited by purified PS vaccines. Although aging leads to defects in multiple immune cell types, diminished CD4+-T-cell helper function has recently been shown to play a dominant role. We show that in response to immunization with purified pneumococcal capsular PS serotype 14 (PPS14) in saline, the T-cell-independent immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-PPS14 response in aged mice was comparable to that in young mice. In contrast, the T-cell-dependent IgG anti-PPS14 response to a soluble conjugate of PPS14 and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) (PPS14-PspA) in saline was markedly defective. This was associated with defective priming of PspA-specific CD4+ T cells. In contrast, immunization of aged mice with PPS14-PspA combined with an unmethylated CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) restored IgG anti-PPS14 responses to young adult levels, which were substantially higher than those observed using purified PPS14. This was associated with enhanced PspA-specific CD4+-T-cell priming. Similarly, intact Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular type 14, which contains Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, also induced substantial, though modestly reduced, T-cell-dependent (TD) IgG ant-PPS14 responses in aged mice. Spleen and peritoneal cells from aged and young adult mice made comparable levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to CpG-ODN, although cells from aged mice secreted higher levels of interleukin-10. Collectively, these data suggest that inclusion of a TLR ligand, as an adjuvant, with a conjugate vaccine can correct defective TD IgG anti-PS responses in elderly patients by augmenting CD4+-T-cell help.
Employee Control and Occupational Stress

Occupational stress has been recognized as a major health issue for modern work organizations. Conditions of the workplace have been shown to lead to negative emotional reactions (e.g., anxiety), physical health problems in both the short term (e.g., headache or stomach distress) and the long term (cardiovascular disease), and counterproductive behavior at work. Perceptions of control play an important role in this process, being associated with all of these variables. Evidence is growing that enhanced control at work can be an important element in employees' health and well–being. These relationships can be understood in the context of the control–stress model.
Long-term changes in ultraviolet P Cygni profiles observed with Copernicus.

The incidence and nature of variability occurring on time scales of years in the ultraviolet P Cygni profiles of 15 O and B stars are investigated using spectrophotometric data obtained with the Copernicus satellite. It is found that some change in at least a few details of the P Cygni profiles is evident in almost every case, that the changes in a few stars appear to represent substantial variations in the column densities of the particular ions observed, and that the changes in other stars are minor in nature and do not result from significant alterations in the quantity of material in the stellar winds. Most of the narrow absorption features are shown to be invariant in velocity, although their strengths have apparently changed in certain cases. The nature of the changes observed in each of the program stars is briefly described, the time scale for variability in the stellar winds is considered, and two stars (Zeta Pup and Delta Ori A) are identified for which some alteration in the total amount of material in the stellar wind has taken place. It is suggested that the narrow absorption features probably represent temperature gradients or plateaus in the stellar-wind velocity fields or may be caused by flat regions in the height dependence of the wind velocity.
Puerto Rico: The Evolution of America's Corporate Tax Haven

ABSTRACT: We examine the taxation of corporate income earned in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and how the repeal of the possession tax credit available under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) §936 resulted in many U.S. companies converting former possessions corporations into controlled foreign corporations. Although Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, the conversions highlight that corporations organized under the laws of the Commonwealth generally are foreign corporations for U.S. tax purposes. A U.S. Senate Subcommittee reports Microsoft Corporation shifted offshore the recognition of nearly one-half of its U.S. net retail sales revenue for the period 2009–2011 by transferring intellectual property rights to a controlled subsidiary in Puerto Rico. We find that the corresponding U.S. tax benefits are significant compared to the credits once claimed under IRC §936, and over 20 percent of Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 firms were in a similar position to avoid federal taxation by shifting income between political s...
After‐Ripening in Festuca idahoensis Seeds: Adaptive Dormancy and Implications for Restoration

Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue) was a common native perennial bunchgrass in the sagebrush steppe of the western United States until the introductions of domestic livestock and alien plants. Restoration of Idaho fescue to degraded sites will likely involve reseeding, and one of the factors affecting reseeding success is germinability of the seeds employed. We investigated effects of after-ripening and storage temperature on germinability of Idaho fescue seeds collected from a central Oregon site. Six months of after-ripening were required before maximum germination was obtained. Storage of dry seeds at either room temperature (20°C) or at cooler, alternating temperatures (5/15°C) did not alter the rate at which dormancy was lost. Storage at the warmer temperature promoted rapid germination in seeds that had broken dormancy. Seed longevity varied greatly from year to year. Seeds produced in a very dry year had poorer germination and shorter longevity than seeds produced during a year with near normal precipitation. Because seed dispersal occurs in late July and early August for Idaho fescue in central Oregon, a six-month after-ripening requirement ensures that the greatest potential germination coincides with the spring period most likely to provide sufficient moisture for seedling establishment.
Teaching the teachers: Effective forms of written feedback to help improve technical writing

Engineers write. However, in most programs there is little emphasis on writing and communication skills. As a result many engineers complete their undergraduate degrees with no formal writing instruction beyond freshman composition. The problem is twofold. First, the majority of higher education faculty members are not trained to provide written commentary, but are expected to provide it. Secondly, in many classrooms writing is viewed as a form of assessment, a snapshot of learning. There is no opportunity or mechanism for revision. Consequently, students view feedback as a type of grade and not as an opportunity to improve their writing. Finally the actual process of providing written commentary on student writing can be very time consuming. This paper reports a study that investigated the effect of a reflective written commentary on the number of drafts students submitted. RedPencil was created to streamline the process of feedback through the use of Internet-based technologies.
Magnetic resonance imaging with T1 dispersion contrast.

Prepolarized MRI uses pulsed magnetic fields to produce MR images by polarizing the sample at one field strength (∼0.5 T) before imaging at a much lower field (∼50 mT). Contrast reflecting the T1 of the sample at an intermediate field strength is achieved by polarizing the sample and then allowing the magnetization to decay at a chosen “evolution” field before imaging. For tissues whose T1 varies with field strength (T1 dispersion), the difference between two images collected with different evolution fields yields an image with contrast reflecting the slope of the T1 dispersion curve between those fields. Tissues with high protein content, such as muscle, exhibit rapid changes in their T1 dispersion curves at 49 and 65 mT due to cross-relaxation with nitrogen nuclei in protein backbones. Tissues without protein, such as fat, have fairly constant T1 over this range; subtracting images with two different evolution fields eliminates signal from flat T1 dispersion species. T1 dispersion protein-content images of the human wrist and foot are presented, showing clear differentiation between muscle and fat. This technique may prove useful for delineating regions of muscle tissue in the extremities of patients with diseases affecting muscle viability, such as diabetic neuropathy, and for visualizing the protein content of tissues in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ultrafast Laser Deposition of Semiconductor Nanowires

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been applied to fabricate thin films of a variety of materials. However, formation of micron-sized particulates during conventional nanosecond laser-based deposition process makes it unsuitable for growing high quality nanoscale materials. Owing to a nonequilibrium non-thermal ablation mechanism and characterized by their short pulse duration compared to thermal diffusion time (tens of picoseconds), ultrafast laser pulses are able to produce particulate-free precursor vapor for nanoscale material deposition. In this article, the foundation of non-thermal ultrafast laser ablation will be examined by both experimental and theoretical investigations. Ultrafast laser-induced high-density electron ejection and subsequent build-up of a strong electric field above the target material were observed. Mass spectrometry and electron microscopy measurements confirmed the particulate-free nature of ultrafast laser ablation. Using ultrafast laser-based particulate-free PLD approach, high quality ZnO nanowires were grown on sapphire and silicon substrates. The optical properties of ZnO nanowires, including the external and internal quantum efficiency of nanowire nanolasers, were experimentally determined. In addition, a nanowire UV photodiode based on p-Si/n-ZnO nanowires was successfully fabricated. This first nanowire photodiode device shows good photocurrent characteristics when operated under reverse bias.
Cortical Bone Thickness in Dentate and Edentulous Human Cadavers

Background: A critical component of treatment planning in dental implant therapy is the amount of available bone. Thick cortical plates have been the primary way to achieve primary implant stability. However, information about cortical bone thickness in various regions of the maxilla and mandible is largely missing. Hence, it was the purpose of this cadaver study to determine an average cortical bone thickness in different tooth locations. Methods: To determine the average thickness of buccal and lingual plates, 28 cadaver heads (68% male and 32% female) with an average age of 73.1 years were measured at various locations correlating to molar (M), premolar (PM), and anterior (A) regions. Edentulous and dentate regions also were recorded. Results: Average buccal cortical thicknesses were 1.69 mm (M), 1.43 mm (PM), and 1.04 mm (A) in the edentulous maxilla; 2.06 mm (M), 1.78 mm (PM), and 1.36 mm (A) in the edentulous mandible; 2.23 mm (M), 1.62 mm (PM), and 1.59 mm (A) in the dentate maxilla; and 1.98 mm (M), 1.20 mm (PM), and 0.99 mm (A) in the dentate mandible. Average lingual cortical thicknesses were 2.06 mm (M), 1.60 mm (PM), and 1.36 mm (A) in the edentulous maxilla; 2.39 mm (M), 1.88 mm (PM), and 1.66 mm (A) in the edentulous mandible; 2.35 mm (M), 2.0 mm (PM), and 1.95 mm (A) in the dentate maxilla; and 2.51 mm (M), 1.92 mm (PM), and 1.24 mm (A) in the dentate mandible. Conclusions: The average cortical thickness of the buccal plates ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 mm in the edentulous maxilla and mandible, with the thinnest area in the anterior maxilla and the thickest area in the posterior mandible. The buccal plate of the dentate maxilla and mandible ranged from 1.6 to 2.2 mm in thickness, with the thinnest area in the lower anterior region and the thickest area in the upper posterior region.
The Captured Garden: The Political Ecology of Subsistence under Capitalism

Household subsistence food production did not disappear under capitalism; instead, it functioned within the circulation of capital. British lords and American mining company managers realized that the same practices that once resulted in autonomy for peasants and mountain-dwelling households could be absorbed, “captured,” to subsidize wages. This article considers the captured garden in two forms. The first resulted in capital accumulation, while the second sustained the unemployed without public assistance. Both appeared in West Virginia between the 1880s and the 1930s. Gardens moved into the coal camps, encouraged and compelled by the companies. During the Great Depression the Roosevelt administration established the Division of Subsistence Homesteads, combining gardens and factory wages as a relief program. Both forms illustrate the paradox of subsistence production under capitalism: A practice that for centuries created no surplus value could be made to do just that; an institution once the stronghold of the household could cause dependency and immiseration.
Markov Chain Model for Performance Analysis of Transmitter Power Control in Wireless MAC Protocol: Towards Delay Minimization in Power-network Control

Delay, one of the most important parameters in the wireless control networks, is largely dependent on the packet length when using contention based medium access control (MAC) protocol in single hop networks. In this paper, we have developed a three-state discrete time Markov-chain based model for the performance evaluation of MAC protocol. Using this Markov-chain model, we analyze the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) MAC protocol for its delay and throughput characteristics in the presence of transmitter power control. Using simulations, we measure the probability of capture (which gives a measure of the effectiveness of transmitter power control due to the capture effect.) and validate these simulated data experimentally. To analyze the effect of transmitter power variation, the Markov- chain model is modified by incorporating the probability of capture. Numerical results are obtained to measure the performance improvement.
A framework for network management using mobile agents

Conventional network management based on SNMP is often run in a centralized manner. The centralized management approach is limited to small-scale networks because it incurs excessive processing load and heavy network traffic in the management station. For scalability, this paper presents a new management framework that integrates mobile agents with the SNMP protocol. The mobile agent technology provides a support for distributed network management. The integrated framework allows the administrators to deploy an appropriate management approach according to the characteristics of target networks and the nature of management activities. A quantitative latency model is developed for the mobile agent based approach. We implement a prototype of the framework based on an in-house developed Naplet mobile agent docking environment and the AdventNet SNMP package. We have experimented with the system in network interface performance monitoring and fault diagnosis applications. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and distributed management approaches and the flexibility of the framework and verify the accuracy of the latency model.
Pentobarbital Toxicity after Self-Administration of Euthasol Veterinary Euthanasia Medication

Suicide attempt via sodium pentobarbital is uncommon. A 48-year-old woman with a history of depression and prior suicide attempt was found unresponsive by her veterinarian spouse near a syringe containing pink solution. Upon EMS' arrival, the patient was experiencing apnea, hypoxemia, and miotic pupils; her blood glucose level measured 73 mg/dL. She was bradycardic and administered atropine with transient improvement in heart rate and transported to an emergency department; 2 mg of intravenous naloxone was administered without effect. She was endotracheally intubated via rapid sequence intubation. Rapid urine drug screening detected both benzodiazepines and barbiturates. The patient was transferred to an intensive care unit where she demonstrated a nearly absent radial pulse. Emergent fasciotomy to the left forearm and carpal tunnel was performed for acute compartment syndrome; "Euthasol" had been self-administered into the antecubital fossa. Expanded toxicological analysis via liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy detected caffeine, atropine, 7-aminoclonazepam, phenytoin, citalopram, and naproxen. The patient's coma resolved over 48 hours and she was successfully extubated without complication. Emergency physicians must closely monitor patients exposed to veterinary euthanasia agents who develop central nervous system and respiratory depression, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, or skin injury. Consultation with a regional poison center and medical toxicologist is recommended.
Wearable Heart Rate Sensor Systems for Wireless Canine Health Monitoring

There is an increasing interest from dog handlers and veterinarians in an ability to continuously monitor dogs’ vital signs (heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate) outside laboratory environments, with the aim of identifying physiological correlations to stress, distress, excitement, and other emotional states. We present a non-invasive wearable sensor system combining electrocardiogram (ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), and inertial measurement units (IMU) to remotely and continuously monitor the vital signs of dogs. To overcome the limitations imposed by the efficiently insulated skin and dense hair layers of dogs, we investigated the use of various styles of ECG electrodes and the enhancements of these by conductive polymer coatings. We also studied the incorporation of light guides and optical fibers for an efficient optical coupling of PPG sensors to the skin. Combined with our parallel efforts to use IMUs to identify dog behaviors, these physiological sensors will contribute to a canine-body area network to wirelessly and continuously collect data during canine activities with a long-term goal of effectively capturing and interpreting dogs’ behavioral responses to environmental stimuli that may yield measurable benefits to handlers’ interactions with their dogs.
"Let's kill all the lawyers": what did Shakespeare mean?

(1991). “Let's kill all the lawyers”: What did Shakespeare mean? Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 571-574.
Role of Casinos & Horse Tracks in the Economy of Lawrence County

The casino and horse track industries are an important part of the history and economy of Lawrence county in Pennsylvania. The industries create jobs and compensation for workers throughout this county and influences tax revenues in the county.
The Student Perceptions About the Impact of the Sarbanes Oxley Act: An Empirical Analysis

This study analyzes business and non-business students’ perceptions of the impact and importance of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). A survey containing 18 SOX-related items and 8 demographic items was distributed to upper division undergraduate students in business and sociology and graduate business students at an AACSB and SACS accredited Southeastern business school during fall of 2008. T-tests for equality of means were used to compare the responses by student type (graduate or undergraduate) and by major (business or non-business, accounting or management, etc.). Business majors perceived SOX as one of the most important pieces of legislation for the accounting profession and generally revealed a positive perception of SOX’s impact. Graduate business students perceived SOX as one of the most important pieces of legislation for the financial markets and generally revealed a more positive perception of SOX’s impact than undergraduate business students. Business majors felt SOX had increased corporate transparency, transformed corporate governance for the better, restored investor confidence and financially impacted companies. Business majors also felt that SOX had increased management and auditor liabilities and implemented harsher punishment for CEOs. Non-business majors exhibited less positive perceptions of SOX perhaps due to their non-familiarity with SOX. An important implication of this study is that all business students need to appreciate business processes more and understand the importance of internal controls better.
Increased creatine and creatinine excretion after 17 alpha-ethyl-19-nortestosterone.

SummaryA mean increase of 393 mg in daily excretion of creatine and an increase of 0.77 g in daily excretion of total creatinine chromogen has been observed in 6 subjects after oral administration of 30 mg 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone daily for 6 weeks.
Fibrin specificity of plasminogen activators, rebound generation of thrombin, and their therapeutic implications.

Abstract Optimal induction of coronary thrombolysis depends in part upon the nature of the specific plasminogen activator used. The two general classes of plasminogen activators available clinically differ in a fundamental respect delineated by the term, clot selectivity. Clot selective agents are less prone to induce plasminemia and consequent occult activation of the coagulation cascade than are non-selective agents. However, under clinical conditions, all plasminogen activators result in some activation of the cascade with consequent generation of thrombin. Accordingly, optimal therapy requires the use of conjunctive anticoagulation to preclude the deleterious effects of rebound generation of thrombin, which has been well documented biochemically. The potential value of antiplatelet agents that can attenuate the positive feedback loop between activation of platelets and markedly amplified generation of thrombin in the setting of coronary thrombolysis is under active exploration. With appropriate monitoring of the efficacy of such agents in vivo it should be possible to enhance even further the benefits that can be conferred by pharmacologically induced coronary thrombolysis.
Werner Syndrome: A Molecular Genetic Hypothesis

On the basis of clinical and experimental observations, we postulate that the primary genetic abnormality in Werner syndrome (WS) is mutation in a gene encoding a trans-acting factor that normally represses a second genetic locus or its product, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis elaborated when cells reach the end of their replicative life span. The result is early derepression of this second locus, leading to reduced initiation of DNA synthesis and premature replicative senescence. This hypothesis and its corollaries provide a heuristic model for decisive experiments.
Analysis on the expression of serum PG,G-17 and helicobacter pylori antibody and incidence of gastric cancer

OBJECTIVE: To compare serum pepsinogen(PG) Ⅰ,Ⅱ,gastrin(G-17) and Helicobacter pylori(Hp) antibody in areas with high,medium and low incidence of gastric cancer in Fujian Province,and to explore the distribution of these parameters in local residents.METHODS: Jiangtian Town in Changle City,Datong Town in Tongan District and Saiqi Town in Fuan City were selected to represent the areas with high,medium and low incidence of gastric cancer in Fujian Province respectively.The concentrations of serum PG Ⅰ,Ⅱ,G-17 and Hp antibody were determined by using ELISA and the results of these parameters were compared among three areas(n=725).RESULTS: The concentrations of serum PG Ⅰ were 110.75,131.00 and 107.32 μg/L,PGⅡ were 13.90,14.70 and 7.79 μg/L and the ratios of PGⅠ/PGⅡ were 7.91,8.66 and 13.09 in Jiangtian Town,Datong Town and Saiqi Town respectively.The serum concentrations of G-17 were 2.90,1.10 and 1.00 ρmol/L,and the positive rates of Hp infection were 49.6%,33.5% and 29.3% in Jiangtian Town,Datong Town and Saiqi Town respectively.These parameters were significantly different among three areas(z=47.15-121.76,P≤0.001;χ2=22.47,P0.001).The percentages of the residents with PG Ⅰ 25 μg/L,PGⅠ/PGⅡ 2.5 or G-17 ≥ 2 ρmol/L were significantly different in three areas as well(χ2=13.45-94.46,P≤0.001).The concentrations of serum PGⅠ,Ⅱ and G-17 in the subjects with Hp infection were significantly higher than those without Hp infection,but the ratios of PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ were lower than those without Hp infection.No matter Hp infection or not were these parameters significantly different among three areas(z=-3.32-70.36,P0.05).CONCLUSION: The distributions of PG Ⅰ,PG Ⅱ,G-17 and Hp infection rates among areas with high,medium and low incidence of gastric cancer are significantly different,which implys that these parameters may be closely related to gastric cancer.
RECOVERY OF CHROMIUM FROM TANNERY SLUDGE BY ACID LEACHING

Leaching studies of tannery sludge were carried out in sulfuric acid media aiming to recover the maximum leaching yield of chromium. The effect of various factors(solid-liquid ratio, the concentration of acid, leaching time, temperature and stirring rate) was studied. The results indicate that the optimum solid-liquid ratio is 10g/L, the concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.5mol/L, the leaching temperature is 50℃, and the leaching time is 1.5h. The stirring rate affected rarely on leaching yield of chromium. After two times of leaching, the leaching yield of chromium had become 90.95%. Therefore, the application of sulfuric acid leaching to recover chromium is available.
Computing tumor trees from single cells

Computational methods have been developed to reconstruct evolutionary lineages from tumors using single-cell genomic data. The resulting tumor trees have important applications in cancer research and clinical oncology. Please see related Research articles: http://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-0929-9 and http://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-0936-x .
Idiopathic Primary Spinal Myoclonus

Spinal myoclonus is a rare movement disorder, characterized by myoclonic involvement of a group of muscles supplied by a few contiguous segments of the spinal cord.
Remote authentication using vaulted fingerprint verification

This paper presents a novel approach to remotely authenticating a user by applying the Vaulted Fingerprint Verification (VFV) protocol. It proposes an adaptation of the Vaulted Verification (VV) concept with fingerprint minutia triangle representation. Over the past decade, triangle features have been used in multiple fingerprint algorithms. Triangles are constructed from three fingerprint minutiae and result in a feature vector that is translation and rotation invariant. In VFV, the user’s minutia triangles are arranged into blocks; each block of triangles is paired with a chaff block. In turn, each real/chaff block is encrypted with a key that is only known to the users. These encrypted block pairs can be used to generate a “challenge” by swapping blocks according to a random bitstring and requiring the remote user to reproduce that exact string. For identity verification, the user creates a new triangle feature vector from his or her fingerprint. This feature vector is matched against each block, which allows the user to identify the “real” block in each pair and recover the bitstring. In this process, individual triangle matching rates are improved by approximate matching on the feature vectors, grouping several feature vectors together, and correcting errors on the final bitstring. This paper presents data on an optimal threshold for approximate matching, the accuracy of triangle matching, the distinguishability between a user’s triangle and a chaff triangle, and the accuracy of the VFV system.
Voyages, icons and ideas : Latin American literature and the African connections

One of the key goals of teaching world literature is to open dialogue between different geographical spaces and cultures, while seeking to connect them, to gain new perspectives by outsiders looking in and vice-versa, while also constantly interrogating the role of art itself to human experience across historical epochs. In this paper, I propose a fresh perspective on Latin American literature with emphasis on its significance to the African student of world literature. I begin by delineating the unique relationship between Latin America and Africa before delving into the specific relevance of Latin American literature to the African student. The historical role of South America as the destination of millions of African slaves forms the backdrop to this analysis. Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Mexico, Suriname, Ecuador and other Latin American countries boast significant populations of African descent whose cultures - including artistic ones - are still influenced and shaped by contemporary African as well as slave experiences. Similarly, African letters are also haunted, shaped and influenced by Latin American literary narratives.
Integrated Organotypic Slice Cultures and RT-QuIC (OSCAR) Assay: Implications for Translational Discovery in Protein Misfolding Diseases

Protein misfolding is a key pathological event in neurodegenerative diseases like prion diseases, synucleinopathies, and tauopathies that are collectively termed protein misfolding disorders. Prions are a prototypic model to study protein aggregation biology and therapeutic development. Attempts to develop anti-prion therapeutics have been impeded by the lack of screening models that faithfully replicate prion diseases and the lack of rapid, sensitive biological screening systems. Therefore, a sensitive model encompassing prion replication and neurotoxicity would be indispensable to the pursuit of intervention strategies. We present an ultra-sensitive screening system coupled to an ex vivo prion organotypic slice culture model to rapidly advance rationale-based high-throughput therapeutic strategies. This hybrid Organotypic Slice Culture Assay coupled with RT-QuIC (OSCAR) permits sensitive, specific and quantitative detection of prions from an infectious slice culture model on a reduced time scale. We demonstrate that the anti-prion activity of test compounds can be readily resolved based on the power and kinetics of seeding activity in the OSCAR screening platform and that the prions generated in slice cultures are biologically active. Collectively, our results imply that OSCAR is a robust model of prion diseases that offers a promising platform for understanding prion proteinopathies and advancing anti-prion therapeutics.
Ecosystem services to enhance sustainable forest management in the US: moving from forest service national programmes to local projects in the Pacific Northwest

Ecosystem services are increasingly recognized as a way of framing and describing the broad suite of benefits that people receive from forests. The USDA Forest Service has been exploring use of an ecosystem services framework to describe forest values provided by federal lands and to attract and build partnerships with stakeholders to implement projects. Recently, the agency has sought placed-based applications of the ecosystem services framework to national forest management to better illustrate the concept for policymakers, managers and forest stakeholders. This framework includes describing the ecosystem services provided by forest landscapes, examining the potential trade-offs among services associated with proposed management activities, and attracting and building partnerships with stakeholders who benefit from particular services forests provide. Projects that describe objectives and outcomes using an ecosystem services framework are quickly gaining respect and could provide an optimal method of managing forests to better serve the needs of people. We describe how project-scale guidelines can be designed to address commonly recognized products such as timber and clean water, as well as critical regulating, supporting and cultural services. We present results from national programmes to forest plan assessments to project-scale applications that enhance the provision of ecosystem services and sustainable forest management at broad to local scales.
Comparative evaluation of orthodontic bracket base shapes on shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic bracket base shape on shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this in vitro study using 140 bovine incisors, shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets with different base shapes (rectangle, flower, round, heart, diamond, star, and football) were measured with an Instron testing machine and tested until bond failure. Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scoring was evaluated after debonding to evaluate the location of bond failure. Descriptive and one-way ANOVA post-hoc Tukey statistical analyses were performed with a statistical significance set at p≤0.05. RESULTS Statistically significant difference in mean SBS in Newtons was observed for multiple base shapes (p<0.05). The highest mean SBS (N ± SD) was observed in football and flower base shapes (73.83 N ± 53.46; 65.82 N ± 37.89 respectively); the lowest mean was observed with diamond and heart shapes (30.51 N ± 11.73; 33.28 N ± 16.89 respectively). When reported in Megaspascals, statistically significant difference was observed for rectangle base shape (3.54 MPa ± 2.69) when compared to all other base shapes. CONCLUSIONS Bracket base shape has an effect on SBS. Higher SBS (N) for rectangle, flower, and football base shape indicates even stress distributions throughout the bracket base. Base shape with a pronounced converging tip over the axial plane may contribute to the reduction in SBS due to increased peak stress concentration resulting in bond failure. Key words:Shaped brackets, Shear bond strength, Adhesive remnant index, WildSmiles®.