cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis on structure and function of the crypts of the small intestine

Summary Studies conducted with TZA and several different doses of CHM suggest a possible relationship between the proliferation of the intestinal crypt cells and the degree to which their protein biosynthetic capacity is interrupted. An initial inhibition of protein synthesis of less than 80% has either no effect or induces only a partial decrease in the number of dividing cells, while an inhibition in excess of 80% results in a complete abolition of mitotic activity. Similarly, a return of protein synthesis to 20% of control levels appears to be sufficient to support the re-entry of G2 cells into division. Autoradiograms indicate that S phase cells can also continue their progression into the post-synthetic phases of the cell cycle despite a considerable suppression of DNA replication. Despite the marked inhibition of protein and DNA synthesis by CHM, the incorporation of 14C-uridine into RNA was enhanced. This stimulation was more pronounced when protein synthesis had returned to approximately 15–20% of controls. Electron microscopic studies provided some additional insight into the mechanism by which CHM exerts its antimitotic effect and, in addition, revealed that no cytological abnormalities developed in CHM-treated animals. This latter observation indicates that the intestinal crypt cells can tolerate profound aberrations in their metabolic and functional activities without undergoing degenerative changes.
Oxidation of activated methylene groups to ketones catalyzed by new iron phosphinooxazoline complexes and by iron(II) triflate

Abstract The study describes the first catalytic application of iron phosphinooxazoline complexes and Fe(OTf)2 in oxidation reactions. New iron phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) complexes of the general formulation [Fe(PHOX)2]2+[OTf]2 (3, OTf = CF3SO3−) were synthesized in virtually quantitative yield from anhydrous Fe(OTf)2 and the corresponding PHOX ligands. The new complexes 3 as well as previously synthesized iron PHOX complexes of the general formula [Fe(Cp)(CO)(PHOX)]+[I]− (2) were employed as catalysts in the oxidation of benzylic CH2 groups to the corresponding ketones. Whereas 3 showed catalytic activity at room temperature (about two equivalents t-BuOOH as the oxidant, 2 mol% catalyst, pyridine solvent, 12 h, 38–93% isolated yields), complexes of 2 were only active at elevated temperatures. The product profile is in accordance with a mechanism previously described as “oxygenated Fenton chemistry”, which is further corroborated by UV–vis investigations. They showed that an iron alkylperoxo species [Fe–OOtBu] might be involved in the catalytic cycle. The reaction follows a pseudo zero order rate law in substrate.
Inotropic effects of dexamethasone in mammalian heart muscle

Abstract In vivo administration of dexamethasone increased the isometric tension, the velocity of tension development and the velocity of relaxation in mammalian papillary muscle. Whereas dexamethasone did not significantly change contraction time, it significantly shortened total relaxation time. Pretreatment with dexamethasone completely masked the effects of reserpinization on the performance of the heart but did not mask completely the effects of guanethidine. Since these effects of dexamethasone were time dependent, it is suggested that the cardiotonic effects of this glucocorticoid may be mediated, at least partly, via other pathways induced by this agent. Deux grouppes de mammiferes (chats et chiens) etaient injectes avec 2 mg/kg de dexamethasone (un glucocorticoide synthetique), pendant trois jours consecutifs. Deux jours plus tard, les animaux etaient sacrifies (apres l'anaesthesie avec 30 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium), et leurs muscles papillaires cardiaques etaient examines et compares avec ceux des controles. Nous avons remarque que l'injection de dexamethasone augmente la tension isometrique aussi bien que la velocite du developpement du tension dans les muscles papillaires. L'intervalle de contraction ne change pas d'une maniere significante, tandis que l'intervalle de relâchement est accourci. Pre-traitement avec dexamethasone protege le muscle cardiaque contre les effets de reserpine, de sorte qu'il n'y a aucune difference entre ces muscles et ceux qui ne sont pas reserpines. La protection de dexamethasone contre les effets de sulfate de guanethidine n'est pas aussi complete que celle contre la reserpine. Comme les effets de dexamethasone n'apparaissent que au moins 24 hr apres l'administration de la premiere dose, il est suggere que ces effets sont inities par cet agent.
Work in progress — Cognitive scaffolding in contemporary computer documentation

This work in progress examines cognitive scaffolding in the instructional design of contemporary computer documentation. It illustrates how the cognitive theories of advance organizers, load theory, and normal ordering may be applied to educational technology and classroom instruction to create more effective computer documentation. I will research the macrostructures common in contemporary computer documentation; note how electronic instructional materials — in particular, electronic instructional materials such as online help systems, software demonstrations, and interactive simulations — have changed discourse processing; and explore how most effectively to present instructional information with the advent of electronic instructional materials using rich media technology.
Genetic architecture of chalcone isomerase non-coding regions in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Sequence data for 2 non-coding regions of the chalcone isomerase gene were analyzed to study the genetic architecture of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). One region corresponded to the first 59...
Folded acoustic modes and photoelastic coefficients in superlattices

Abstract The inelastic light scattering spectra of acoustic modes have been measured for a series of CdTe Cd 1−x Mn x Te superlattices with x = 0.1. Analysis of the Brillouin to folded acoustic mode intensities yields a photoelastic coupling coefficient ratio of P alloy P CdTe = 0.18 for excitation at 1.648 eV (752.5 nm). The results indicate that the superlattice photoelastic modulation contribution dominates that of the acoustic modulation in the Raman scattering mechanism.
Derivation of the Feynman-Dyson Rules from Time-Independent Theory

The Feynman-Dyson rules for computing the scattering matrix are derived starting with the time-independent Schr\"odinger equation. Although no essentially new results are obtained, it is interesting to trace the connection between the time-dependent and time-independent methods starting from the time-independent end rather than, as is usually done, starting from the time-dependent interaction representation. In particular, a theorem due to R. J. Eden plays an important role in our discussion.
Complications of a temozolomide overdose: a case report

Purpose and background This is a report of a 53 year-old man with a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treated with an excessive dose of temozolomide (TMZ).
Processes concerning the number of neutrino types

The total number ${N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ of neutrino types (${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$, etc.) is involved in all neutral-current processes in which a $\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ pair is produced. We examine in detail three such processes: ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$. We find that ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ is especially suited for measuring ${N}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, and that the experiment should be feasible at the colliding-beam machines PEP and PETRA.
CADMIUM-INDUCED INJURY OF THE RAT TESTIS.

It is well known that cadmium chloride administered as single, subcutaneous, sub-toxic doses selectively damages the rat testis, producing irreversible injury of the germinal epithelium and temporary damage to the interstitial tissue. Studies reported here demonstrate that: (1) this injury represents an ischemic necrosis secondary to rapid production of intertubular edema (4 to 6 hours), increased intratesticular pressure, with or without associated hemorrhage, and ultimate interference with testicular blood supply and drainage – not unlike injury following testicular artery ligation; (2) as dosage is progressively reduced to approximately one-sixth that employed by most investigators, interstitial tissue is unaffected and ischemic necrosis is supplanted by a non-necrotic degeneration of the germinal epithelium closely resembling, in its histopathology and irreparability, that occurring after vitamin E deficiency; (3) oral administration of vitamin E has no protective effect, and testes of rats critically depleted of E show no increased susceptiblity to cadmium. Observations on the nature and distribution of tubular injury, and on the vasculature of the testis and epididymis, suggest that the unusual sensitivity of the testis to cadmium is related to unique features of its vasculature; namely, the pulseless, semistagnant flow of blood in the intratesticular course of the testicular artery, which permits cadmium to alter capillary endothelium permeability, causing edema and pressure effects leading to acute anoxia at higher levels of dosage, and diminishing degrees of anoxia with decreasing dosage levels. Comparable morphological features of the proximal segment of the caput epididymis make it likewise susceptible to cadmium injury.
Statistical Analysis of the Number of Household Vehicles Used for Hurricane Ivan Evacuation

The objectives of this paper are to identify the contributing factors to households’ choice of the number of vehicles used for evacuation and to develop predictive models of this choice that explicitly consider the constraint imposed by the number of vehicles owned by the household. This constraint is not accommodated by regular ordered response logit models. Data comes from a poststorm survey for Hurricane Ivan. Two models that are variants of the regular Poisson regression model are developed: a Poisson model with exposure and right-censored Poisson regression. The right-censored Poisson model is preferred due to its inherent capabilities, better fit to the data, and superior predictive power. The model and individual variable analyses indicate that households traveling longer distances or evacuating later are more likely to use fewer vehicles. Households with prior hurricane experience and pet owners are more likely to use a greater number of vehicles. Income and distance from the coast are insignificant in the multivariable models, although the individual effect of distance from the coast has a statistically significant bivariate relationship with vehicle usage choice based on the Pearson correlation measure. A method for using the right-censored Poisson model to produce the desired share of vehicle usage is also discussed for generating individual predictions for hurricane evacuation demand simulation.
QuRiNet: a wireless testbed for network and ecological research

Wireless mesh network research has been an active area in the past few years. In order to expand on the wealth of mesh network research, we have deployed a wireless mesh network in a natural reserve to serve as a research platform. QuRiNet, the Quail Ridge wireless mesh network, contains 35 mesh nodes in a 2,000 acre reserve. It is being used by both network and ecological researchers as a experimental testbed and a backhaul network for data collection. For this demostration, we will provide insights into the network architecture and deployment issues.
Splenectomy as part of cytoreductive surgery for ovarian carcinoma

Splenectomy is sometimes necessary to achieve optimal cytoreduction or manage iatrogenic injury in the surgical management of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and related conditions. To determine the place of splenectomy in cytoreductive surgery a retrospective review was made of patient hospital records. Between April 1989 and August 1994, 18 patients were found to have undergone a splenectomy as a component of their surgery leading to optimal debulking. Morbidity attributable to the splenectomy was minimal, with no significant increase in operative time or blood loss. The morbidity attributable to the splenectomy was as follows: atelectasis and/or effusion (8), pancreatic tail injury (4), thrombocytosis > 10(6)/microliters (3), pancreatic pseudocyst (1), partial left adrenalectomy (1), and pulmonary embolism (1). There were no instances of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. Five patients were anticipated to require splenectomy and may have benefitted from preoperative vaccination against potential pathogens. Three patients were found to have splenic parenchymal metastases. Consistent with the international literature, these patients had other features consistent with stage IV disease, recurrent disease, or poor survival. Consideration should be given to expanding the FIGO stage IV classification to include splenic parenchymal disease. Splenectomy is a feasible and safe procedure to facilitate optimal tumor debulking; however, the potential associated morbidity mitigates against this procedure if significant, suboptimal residual disease is left elsewhere.
The Barrier Within: Endothelial Transport of Hormones

Hormones are involved in a plethora of processes including development and growth, metabolism, mood, and immune responses. These essential functions are dependent on the ability of the hormone to access its target tissue. In the case of endocrine hormones that are transported through the blood, this often means that the endothelium must be crossed. Many studies have shown that the concentrations of hormones and nutrients in blood can be very different from those surrounding the cells on the tissue side of the blood vessel endothelium, suggesting that transport across this barrier can be rate limiting for hormone action. This transport can be regulated by altering the surface area of the blood vessel available for diffusion through to the underlying tissue or by the permeability of the endothelium. Many hormones are known to directly or indirectly affect the endothelial barrier, thus affecting their own distribution to their target tissues. Dysfunction of the endothelial barrier is found in many diseases, particularly those associated with the metabolic syndrome. The interrelatedness of hormones may help to explain why the cluster of diseases in the metabolic syndrome occur together so frequently and suggests that treating the endothelium may ameliorate defects in more than one disease. Here, we review the structure and function of the endothelium, its contribution to the function of hormones, and its involvement in disease.
On the Validity of Implicitization by Moving Quadrics for Rational Surfaces with No Base Points

Techniques from algebraic geometry and commutative algebra are adopted to establish sufficient polynomial conditions for the validity of implicitization by the method of moving quadrics both for rectangular tensor product surfaces of bi-degree (m, n) and for triangular surfaces of total degree n in the absence of base points.
A Critique of Business Ethics

The dominant approach to the analysis of issues in business ethics consists in the articulation and use of a set of mid-level moral principles. This approach is geared to business practitioners who are not interested in the difficult problems of moral and political theory. I argue that this “practitioner model” is philosophically suspect. I show how the theoretical frameworks prominent business ethicists employ are insufficiently developed. I also show how many of their analyses presuppose substantive views about issues of social justice which they rarely defend or acknowledge. Since no neutral position on these issues is available, I argue that the only alternative is to address the problems such issues raise for the analysis of institutions and the conduct of persons acting under those institutions. I offer suggestions about how we can develop a more philosophically defensible approach to business ethics.
African Americans and Mathematics Outcomes on National Assessment of Educational Progress: Parental and Individual Influences.

This study investigated within group differences between African American female and male students who participated in the 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress mathematics assessment. Using results from participating states, we compare average scale scores of African American students based on home regulatory environment and interest in mathematics. Results indicated that African American male students who discussed studies 2–3 times a week scored higher than African American female students who discussed studies every day. In three states (Connecticut, Florida, and New Jersey), African American males who never or hardly ever discussed studies at home scored higher than African American males who never or hardly ever discussed studies at home in the state of Arkansas. In two states (Florida and New Jersey), African American males who discussed studies every few weeks scored higher than African American males who discussed studies every few weeks in Arkansas. In four states (Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, and New Jersey), the overall scale scores of African American males was higher than those of African American males in Arkansas. As a result of the findings, we present practical implications for parents of African American students.
Kitten-transmitted Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in a patient receiving temozolomide for glioblastoma

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram negative coccobacillus that can be transmitted from domestic animals and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. A 56-year-old man with a left parietal glioblastoma was treated with resection, radiation and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. He received bevacizumab for progression, and dose dense metronomic temozolomide was added for additional progression. He developed chronic cough and was diagnosed with B. bronchiseptica infection. This is the first reported case of B. bronchiseptica infection in a patient receiving temozolomide. The infection was likely acquired from an infected kitten. Patients receiving temozolomide should be counseled on the risks of acquiring zoonotic infections, including B. bronchiseptica, from their pets.
Progress in Organic Third- Order Nonlinear- Optical Materials

Doped polymers are highly transparent materials that are rendered nonlinear with dye molecule dopants. The second-order nonlinear-optical properties of doped polymers have been extensively studied over the last five years with several laboratories reporting the demonstration of second harmonic and electrooptic switching devices. The third-order nonlinear-optical properties of these materials are also large. In this contribution, we report on progress in understanding and optimizing the nonlinear response of such materials. Also, we discuss a process for making polymer fibers with doped cores for all-optical device applications.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Solvent selection guide for counter-current chromatography

Abstract Thirteen two-phases counter-current chromatography solvent systems (five not previously described for high-speed counter-current chromatography) were evaluated for relative polarity by using Reichardt's dye to measure solvachromatic shifts and by using solubility of index compounds. Three groups of systems were classified as lipophilic, polar or intermediate and a solvent selection guide was developed. Several intermediate systems appeared to have similar characteristics based on these evaluations. A method for making alternative solvent systems and determining composition of the two phases without concentration standards was described. Three of the lipophilic systems were tested for the separation of a 180-mg mixture of dimethylphthalate, dioctylphthalate and dodecyl acetate, and the hexane—acetonitrile (1:1) system was found to work best.
Evidence For the Presence of A Cdc2‐Like Protein Kinase In the Dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium Cohnii

. The unusual nature of mitosis and ancestral organization of the dinoflagellate nucleus prompted the question of whether the cdc2-like histone H1 kinase, a presumed ubiquitous cell cycle regulator in eukaryotes, is present in these primitive organisms. Western blotting of Crypthecodinium cohnii protein extracts using antibody against the Pro-Ser-Thr-Ala-Ile-Arg-Glu (=PSTAIRE) amino acid sequence motif, conserved in all cdc2 homologues known, revealed one prominent band corresponding to a protein with an apparent relative molecular weight ≈ 34,000, identical in mobility to that from HeLa cells and Physarum polycephalum, higher and lower eukaryotic controls, respectively. Incubation of C. cohnii cell lysates with p13suc1-sepharose beads, which preferentially, though not exclusively, bind p34cdc2, resulted in precipitation of a 34-kDa protein which was reactive with anti-PSTAIRE antibody, selectively competed for by the PSTAIRE peptide and able to phosphorylate histone H1 in vitro. We conclude that the dinoflagellate C. cohnii contains a protein very similar to the cdc2 gene product from fission yeast and its homologues in all eukaryotes studied thus far.
THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF A CHEMICALLY INDUCED EPENDYMOBLASTOMA–II THE EFFECT OF ISCHAEMIA ON SUBSTRATES OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM*

SUMMARY Several metabolic intermediates of glycolysis have been assayed by sensitive, quantitative microtechniques in an experimental mouse ependymoblastoma growing in brain and in cerebral hemispheres of the tumour-bearing animals after exposure to varying periods of ischaemia prior to freezing. Initial levels of glucose and lactate were higher, and ATP and glucose-6-phosphate lower, in the ependymoblastoma than in brain. During ischaemia glucose fell and lactate increased less rapidly in the tumour than in brain. The overall patterns of change in glucose-6-phosphate were similar in tumour and brain although the level of glucose-6-phosphate was consistently lower in the ependymoblastoma. ATP was very low in the tumour at the time of decapitation and it declined less precipitously than in brain, so that after 2 min of ischaemia levels were similar in the two tissues.
Creating Partnerships between Academia and Home Health Care and Hospice Agencies through Continuing Education Programs

The delivery of home health and hospice care continues to grow and expand, outpacing both acute and long-term care services. Nurses working in these settings require case management and problem-solving skills that meet the care needs of the homebound, vulnerable elderly. This article describes a service-oriented research and educational project between the College of Nursing at Arizona State University and seven home health care agencies and hospices to provide an educational format, using CD-ROM technology, for nurses who care for the elderly in the community. Not only were the CD-ROMs viewed as an effective means in which to deliver educational information, but this continuing education project also promoted collaboration and partnerships between academia and the communitybased agencies.
Measurement of pelvic floor muscular strength with the Colpexin pull test: a comparative study

Introduction and hypothesis The aim of this study is to compare the Colpexin pull test (CPT) with the Oxford muscle grading scale (OMGS) in assessing pelvic floor muscle strength.
Flammability Resistance of Nanocomposite Foams

The recent attention being given to blast mitigation research by government, industry and academia implies the need for flammability resistance studies of nanocomposite foams. Fire and smoke toxicity are typically associated with blasts, and some of the current designs for blast mitigation involve the use of nanocomposites and foams. The Center for Nanocomposites and Multifunctional Materials [CNCMM] employs a nanocomposite foam impregnated honeycomb as core for its energy dissipative designs. Preliminary results indicate that other than the enhancement of mechanical properties, well formulated nanocomposite foams provide improvement in flammability resistance. In this study, flammability resistance properties of syntactic nanocomposite foams are evaluated by cone calorimetry via such parameters as smoke density, mean heat release rate (MHRR), mass loss rate (MLR) and ignition time.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A comparison of the silica and Na-K-Ca geothermometers for thermal springs in Utah

Abstract The silica and Na-K-Ca chemical geothermometers do not always agree (within 25°C) when applied to hot springs in Utah. Some of the differences can be explained by mixing of hot and cold ground waters. However, the geology of the areas in which the springs arise must also be taken into account.
Inhibition of calcification in vitro by surface active compounds.

SummaryCalcification in vitro of the hypertrophic epiphyseal cartilage was found to be inhibited by 4.8 × 10−4 M sodium desoxycholate, 1.9 × 10−3 M sodium cholate, 1.4 × 10−3 M Duponal C, and .08% Tween−20. By preliminary treatment of rachitic sections with higher concentrations of these surface active agents for a short time interval, it was possible to demonstrate inhibition only with the bile salts and Duponal C.
MO-D-ValA-03: Inverse Planning Optimization with Organ Motion Probability

Organ motion blurs dose distributions. The blurring can be described in a statistical way by use of a motion probability (density) function (PDF). The motion‐blurred dose distribution is obtained by a convolution of the “sharp” (static case) dose distribution with the motion PDF. This holds true for both inter‐ and intra‐fraction motions. In the case of intra‐fraction motions an “interplay” effect is superimposed on top of the blurring effect. It has been shown that the interplay effect averages out during the course of a fractionated treatment, and that it is usually negligible after a typical number of fractions. The convolution model relies on the linear superimposition principle, which holds true for dose values but not for the biological effect. This issue has recently been addressed and will be discussed. Several investigations have now looked at the feasibility of un‐doing the motion blur through the use if intensity‐modulation. In principle it should indeed be possible to de‐convolve the motion PDF from the intensity maps, in order to compensate motion effects. This approach has been called 4D optimization or 4D inverse planning. Motion de‐convolution cannot, however, compensate motion effects exactly and it cannot be applied in a naive straight‐forward way, because that would lead to undeliverable intensity maps with sharp spikes and negative values. The method of choice is rather to include the motion PDF in the IMRToptimization process. It has been shown that this can indeed yield a surprisingly high degree of motion compensation and it can even compete with other motion compensation methods such as gated delivery. However, this is only true if the motion characteristics (the PDF) are known with great precision. If the actually realized motion PDF deviates substantially from the planned PDF, the method becomes less useful and can, in principle, make things worse. More recently, uncertainties in the knowledge of the motion characteristics have been taken into account by use of robust optimization techniques. With these one can now compensate for motion effects in an approximate way for a large class of motion characteristics. In terms of the sparing of normal structures, the results are in between the use of conventional margins and the idealistic case of perfect motion compensation. The resulting intensity maps exhibit “horns”, which can shave off a few mm from the margins. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the concepts of motion blur and PDF. 2. Understand the idea of de‐blurring a dose distribution through “4D” motion optimization. 3. Be able to discuss the relative potential and limitations of 4D motion optimization in comparison with margins and gating.
Electronic Structure and Luminescence of 1.1- and 1.4-nm Silicon Nanocrystals: Oxide Shell versus Hydrogen Passivation

The difference between oxide and hydrogen passivation of small Si nanocrystals is explored by all-electron, hybrid functional DFT calculations with unrestricted geometry optimization. Oxide passivation lowers the band gap by about 2.4 eV for Si35 cores and by about 1.5 eV for Si66 cores. The oxide-passivated nanocrystals have optically forbidden, indirect-gap-type transitions whereas the hydrogen-passivated nanocrystals have optically allowed, direct-gap-type transitions. The HOMO and LUMO are delocalized in both species. This result explains the experimental observation that hydrogen-passivated Si nanocrystals luminesce in the blue whereas oxide-passivated Si nanocrystals luminesce in the yellow-red.
The effect of 6-mercaptopurine on spontaneous canine asthma.

Abstract The responses to 6-mercaptopurine in 2 spontaneously ragweed-sensitive dogs were measured before, during, and after drug therapy. Measurements of skin-sensitizing antibody, response to inhalation challenge, and passive anaphylaxis were made monthly, 2 months prior to drug administration, during the 3 months of therapy, and one month after cessation of therapy. There were no changes in the skin-sensitizing antibody titer. There was partial suppression of passive anaphylaxis. There was a marked inhibition in the production of asthma by direct inhalation challenge. The later response returned to pretreatment levels one month after completion of 6-mercaptopurine administration.
Exclamatives, degrees and speech acts

The goal of this paper is an account of the semantics and pragmatics of exclamation. I focus on two key observations: first, that sentence exclamations like Wow, John bakes delicious desserts! and exclamatives like What delicious desserts John bakes! express that a particular proposition has violated the speaker’s expectations; and second, that exclamatives are semantically restricted in a way that sentence exclamations are not. In my account of these facts, I propose a characterization of illocutionary force of exclamation, a function from propositions to speech acts of exclamation. The difference in meaning between sentence exclamations and exclamatives has consequences for the type of violated expectation. I end with a comparison to some previous approaches and a tentative extension of parts of the analysis to other constructions.
The Best and the Worst of Us

Wood, Nezworski, Garb, and Lilienfeld provide a compelling critique of the norms developed by Exner for the Rorschach Comprehensive System. There does appear to be a systematic error that results in clinicians and researchers identifying pathology that may not in fact be present. Wood and his colleagues recommend that the Comprehensive System not be used in clinical or forensic work. The Rorschach is prone to excessive interpretation and should perhaps not have an appreciable or significant impact on the resolution of legal disputes. However, even Wood and Lilienfeld previously concluded that valid information can be obtained within a Rorschach protocol. The dispute over the Rorschach may be a flashpoint of a wider and more fundamental dispute within the profession.
Partial trisomy 10p and familial translocation t(7;10)(p22;p12).

A girl with partial trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 10(p12→pter) due to mal chromosome segregation in the father 46,XY,t(7;10)(p22;p12) is described. The major abnormalities in this case are: mottled skin, mid-facial hypoplasia, low percentiles for weight, length, and head circumference, and club feet.
Global Crustal Metamorphism of the Eucrite Parent Body

Abstract We conducted a petrologic study of 18 equilibrated eucrites with the goal of understanding the formation and evolution of the crust of asteroid 4 Vesta, the likely source of eucrite meteorites. Their textures indicate that eucrites were basaltic igneous rocks but modified by postcrystallization brecciation, recrystallization, and impact melting. Recrystallized rocks are the most common among clasts in the eucrites; impact melt breccias are rare. Equilibration temperatures of the metamorphic clasts range from 700 to 1000°C, with most in the 800–900°C range. Complex exsolution and recrystallization textures in pyroxenes suggest that eucrites cooled very slowly from high peak temperatures after reheating. This extended period of thermal metamorphism requires a high interior temperature in a Vesta-sized body; this metamorphism could have taken place during and shortly after crust formation. We suggest the crust of Vesta evolved through the eruption, rapid cooling, and subsequent burial and reheating of lava flows. As the crust grew in thickness, the depth of burial increased, causing temperatures to rise and leading to global metamorphism. This resulted in only a small percentage of unequilibrated eucrites (only the last few percent of basalts erupted would not be metamorphosed), and a wide range of metamorphic temperatures and durations for the equilibrated eucrites.
Prediction of avian repellency from chemical structure: The aversiveness of vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and veratryl alcohol

Abstract The effectiveness of bird repellents is associated with the presence of an electron-withdrawing group (carbonyl or carboxyl) and an electron-donating group in resonance on a phenyl ring. The present experiments were designed to examine the relative importance of these structural features. European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were presented with vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and veratryl alcohol in two-cup and one-cup feeding trials and in one-bottle drinking tests. In feeding trials, veratryl alcohol was significantly more aversive than the other two chemicals. In drinking tests, veratryl alcohol was repellent only at the highest concentration (0.5% ml/ml), and was lethal at that concentration and at 0.1 and 0.05% ml/ml. Together, the findings have several implications. From a basic perspective, the data emphasize the importance of electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring of repellent chemicals. From the practical perspective, the data suggest veratryl alcohol as an avian toxicant, and warn against generalization from feeding to drinking tests. We propose that avian repellents must be tailored to the specialized settings in which they are used.
Introduction: Addressing air pollution and health science questions to inform science and policy

This special issue of Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health (AQAH) is the sixth and final in a series of special journal issues (Solomon 2010, 2011a, b, 2012; Solomon et al. 2011) associated with the 2010 Air Pollution and Heath Conference: Bridging the Gap between Sources and Health Outcomes (Solomon et al. 2012). The conference was based on a series of eight policy-relevant science questions (SQ1– SQ8) and one policy question (SQ9, see Table 1). The policy question integrated across the source-to-health effects continuum (NRC 1998). Nine sets of plenary speakers were asked to address the questions listed in Table 1 in their presentations at the conference and then to present a more comprehensive survey of the vast literature on their topics in the papers presented within this issue. The journal articles in this issue represent a “snap shot” in time and are not comprehensive reviews of the literature, but their strength is collectively drawn from the series, which clearly advances the science, and as indicated by the conference theme begins to “bridge the gap between air pollution sources and health outcomes.” Three science questions were not addressed (SQ2, SQ3, and SQ5), but information on these topics can be found in the series of EPA’s integrated science assessments (http://www.epa.gov/ncea/isa/). While not as detailed and with a focus on what was presented at the conference, the conference overview (Solomon et al. 2012) addresses all nine questions and was prepared by a different group of world-renowned scientists than those who prepared journal articles for this issue. This allows the questions in Table 1 to be considered from Table 1 Policy-relevant science questions that were designed to begin to bridge the gap between sources and health outcomes and paper title and authors
Multicenter Construct Validity for Southwestern Laparoscopic Videotrainer Stations

Background. The "Southwestern" videotrainer sta- tions have demonstrated concurrent validity (trans- ferability to the operating room). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Southwestern stations for construct validity (the ability to discriminate between subjects at different levels of experience). Materials and methods. From two surgical training programs, Institutional Review Board approved pro- tocol data were collected from 142 subjects, including novice (medical students and R1, n 66), intermediate (R2-R4, n 67), and advanced (R5 and expert sur- geons, n 9) groups. All participants performed three repetitions on each of five stations. Completion time was scored for each task. Laparoscopic experience was determined from residency case log databases and from expert surgeon personal case logs. Results for the three groups were compared using one-way ANOVA, including relevant pair-wise comparisons. Cor- relations between number of laparoscopic cases per- formed and task scores were determined by Pearson's and Spearman's rho-correlation coefficients. Results. The mean number of laparoscopic cases per- formed prior to completing the five tasks was 0 for novices, 9 for intermediates, and 431 for the advanced group. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were noted between groups for all five tasks and composite score. Task scores and composite scores significantly corre- lated with laparoscopic experience (P < 0.01). Conclusion. These data suggest that differences in laparoscopic ability are detected by performance on the videotrainer; thus, construct validity is demonstrated. Moreover, scores accurately reflect laparoscopic expe- rience. Further validation may allow such simulators to be used for testing and credentialing purposes. ©
The leakage mechanisms in the hydrocyclone

Abstract Some of the shortcomings of the hydrocyclone, with respect to particle classification, are commonly attributed to two flow mechanisms: the short-circuiting flow from the inlet to the vortex finder and the fine particles entrained in the spigot discharge stream. In the present work an additional flow, termed secondary flow, is identified. Its influence on the hydrocyclone's efficiency can be described as follows: it carries classified coarse particles from the spigot region to the vortex finder but, on the other hand, it may hinder the short-circuiting flow, thus improving the classification efficiency. First, this work quantifies the short-circuiting and secondary flows using a fluid-flow model of the hydrocyclone. Then experimental data, obtained with six different hydrocyclones, are used to demonstrate the existence of the secondary flow and its interaction with the short-circuiting flow. In the experiments, a tangential inlet was used to accentuate the short-circuiting flow and an annular take-off inside the vortex finder was used to investigate the particle size distribution in this region. It is shown that the centrifugal field must be consistent with the size of the spigot opening and the amount of solids in the slurry for efficient classification.
Paxillin modulates squamous cancer cell adhesion and is important in pressure-augmented adhesion

Paxillin is an adapter protein regulating signaling and focal adhesion assembly that has been linked to malignant potential in many malignancies. Overexpression of paxillin has been noted in aggressive tumors. Integrin-mediated binding through the focal adhesion complex is important in metastatic adhesion and is upregulated by extracellular pressure in malignant colonocytes through FAK and Src activation. Neither head and neck cancers nor paxillin have been studied in this regard. We hypothesized that paxillin would play a role in modulating squamous cancer adhesion both at baseline and under conditions of increased extracellular pressure. Using SCC25 tongue squamous cancer cells stably transfected with either an empty selection vector or paxillin expression and selection vectors, we studied adhesion to collagen, paxillin, FAK, and Src expression and phosphorylation in cells maintained for 30 min under ambient or 15 mmHg increased pressure conditions. Paxillin-overexpressing cells exhibited adhesion 121 +/- 2.9% of that observed in vector-only cells (n = 6, P < 0.001) under ambient pressure. Paxillin-overexpression reduced FAK phosphorylation. Pressure stimulated adhesion to 118 +/- 2.3% (n = 6, P < 0.001) of baseline in vector-only cells, similar to its effect in the parental line, and induced paxillin, FAK, and Src phosphorylation. However, increased pressure did not stimulate adhesion or phosphorylate paxillin, FAK, or Src further in paxillin-overexpressing cells. Metastasizing squamous cancer cell adhesiveness may be increased by paxillin-overexpression or by paxillin activation by extracellular pressure during surgical manipulation or growth within a constraining compartment. Targeting paxillin in patients with malignancy and minimal tumor manipulation during surgical resection may be important therapeutic adjuncts.
POZONE Technology to Bleach Pulp

The POZONE process, a chemical means of ozone production, has been used to bleach wood pulp. The brightness, Kappa number, and viscosity of wood pulp subjected to POZONE treatment have been determined. Brightness increases of up to 44 points and Kappa number decreases of as much as 22 points have been achieved. Promise for effective industrial application has been demonstrated.
Sensing humidity using virus-nanoparticle assembly

A virus-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) composite film was prepared through the layer-by-layer assembly of cationic filamentous virus (M13 phage) particles (displaying a positively charged peptide on the major coat) and anionic spherical AuNPs. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for AuNPs in the virus-nanoparticle nanocomposite films was found to be sensitive to the environmental humidity. In air, both λ max and peak absorbance of the SPR spectra of the nanocomposite films are linearly dependent on the environmental humidity. We believe that when the environmental humidity is reduced, the height of the phage particles in the nanocomposite films is reduced, leading to the shortening of the spacing between neighboring gold nanoparticles in the films. Therefore, the SPR band systematically redshifts with the decrease in humidity. Furthermore, the response of the virus-nanoparticle film to the humidity is rapid and reversible, which favors in it for humidity sensing application.
Photoelectron imaging of helium droplets doped with Xe and Kr atoms.

Helium droplets doped with Xe and Kr atoms were photoionized by using VUV synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Light Source and the resulting photoelectron images were measured. A wide range of He droplet sizes, photon energies, and dopant pick-up conditions was investigated. Significant ionization of dopants was observed at 21.6 eV, the absorption maximum of 2p 1 P1 electronic excited state of He droplets, indicating an indirect ionization mechanism via excitation transfer. The photoelectron images and spectra reveal multiple photoionization mechanisms and pathways for the photoelectrons to escape the droplet. Specifically, they show sets of sharp peaks assigned to two mechanisms for Penning ionization of the dopant by He* in which the photoelectrons leave the droplet with no detectable energy loss, a broad, intense feature representing electrons that undergo significant energy loss, and a small amount of ultraslow electrons that may result from electron trapping at the droplet surface. The droplet-size dependence of the broad, intense feature suggests the development of the conduction band edge in the largest droplets seen here (〈N〉 ≈ 250,000). I. Introduction This work presents a study of photoionization of He nanodroplets doped with Xe and Kr atoms and the resulting photoelectron dynamics. It is motivated by our desire to understand the mechanism of photoionization in doped He droplets, as well as the transport and escape of the photoelectrons produced by this process. By doing so, we hope to gain insight into the coupling between charged particles and the He droplet environment. The experiments are performed by using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation to ionize the droplets and photoelectron imaging to analyze the resulting photoelectrons.
Three-dimensional analysis of moving target radar signals: methods and implications for ATR and feature-aided tracking

Like the hypothetical shadow watchers of Plato's cave, ATR researchers have spent years in the study of one and two- dimensional signals, collected from three dimensional targets. Three-dimensional geometric invariance theory of radar returns from moving targets gives us a new opportunity to escape the study of two-dimensional information which is present, with probability one, in the signals from any randomly moving target. Target recognition for moving targets is fundamentally harder than for stationary targets, if one remains in a two- dimensional paradigm. Viewing geometry calculations based on sensor flight lines become false, due to uncontrolled target rotations. Three-dimensional analysis shows that even the most optimal purely two-dimensional approach will generically construct false target measurements and distorted target images. But the geometric facts also show that all types of three-dimensional Euclidean invariants, such as true (not projected) lengths, surface areas, angles, and volumes of target components can be extracted from moving target data. These facts have profound implications for target recognition, and for the dynamic tracking of target movements, allowing target signals to be correlated by comparing fundamental three-dimensional invariants, which are not confounded by changing illumination directions.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Sleeping sickness elimination in sight: time to celebrate and reflect, but not relax.

Sleeping sickness, also known as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is one of the neglected tropical diseases of sub-Saharan Africa that has plagued human health and agricultural development. In West Africa, infection with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense gives rise to a chronic disease that mainly affects humans. Infection with T. b. gambiense accounts for more than 90% of reported sleeping sickness cases. In East Africa, infection with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense generates acute disease in humans, and also circulates in a relatively unaffected livestock reservoir. Both Gambian and Rhodesian sleeping sickness are fatal if left untreated. The parasites are transmitted to the mammalian host through the bite of an infected tsetse fly.