cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
History of Section B: Physiology, Biochemistry; and Toxicology

Before 1850, most entomological studies in North America were restricted to insect collections and descriptions, studies of natural history, and the like (Weiss 1936). Entomology generally was not considered a very important occupation and, with few exceptions, even scientific societies did not actively support the study of entomology until the 1860s (Bulletin 1985,31(1):21–30).
Beyond Online: Primary Research as a Value-Added Service

Information specialists should provide a value-added service by supplementing their online searches with primary research. Primary research results in more up-to-date information from a broader spectrum of sources. The requester benefits from primary research by receiving a cost-effective and more comprehensive information package. The information professional benefits by acquiring a more in-depth knowledge of the subject, increasing awareness of important projects within the organization, and achieving recognition as a key information analyst.
Mechanism for the formation of methylglyoxal from triosephosphates

Very early in an investigation of the mechanism for the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 1)-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (1)GAP) by isomerization I noticed the surprising fact that the isomerization reaction could be detected only against the background of the much faster degradation of these compounds to give methylglyoxal and inorganic phosphate. DHAP and I)GAP are intermediates of glycolysis and, as such, would not be expected to undergo spontaneous degradation to methylglyoxal, a compound that inhibits cellular growth at low concentrations and that is toxic at high concentrations [ 11. Glycolytic enzymes are present at extremely high cellular concentrations to maintain the very large flux of catabolites needed to ‘stoke the cellular engine’. It is difficult to imagine how the spill-off of the toxic byproduct methylglyoxal from this pathway could not have important metabolic consequences, but these have been given relatively little consideration. This paper summarizes investigations of the mechanism for the non-enzymic and triosephosphate-isomerase-catalysed elimination reactions of triosephosphates and the conclusions from this work about the surprising kinetic instability of these compounds. It concludes with a brief commentary on the possible metabolic consequences of these elimination reactions.
O CNJ E Um Possível Novo Pacto Federativo: Reflexos Da Experiência Do Conselho Nacional De Justiça No Federalismo Brasileiro (The CNJ And A Possible New Federative Pact: Reflections From Experience The National Council Of Justice In Brazilian Federalism)

Este trabalho apresenta a transformacao ocasionada pelo Conselho Nacional de Justica no governo dos tribunais de justica, no sentido de formacao de um novo pacto federativo. Para tanto, analisam-se o surgimento e o desenvolvimento do federalismo judiciario brasileiro, o modelo de autonomia assegurado pela Constituicao Federal de 1988, o processo de criacao e de legitimacao do CNJ e suas acoes ao longo de seus oito anos de existencia. Uma importante contribuicao do trabalho e a identificacao dos aspectos que mudaram os vetores da governanca corporativa do Judiciario e as situacoes em que foram possiveis a superacao das tensoes entre o Conselho e as cortes locais. Por fim, reconhece-se o direcionamento centripeto do federalismo judiciario, sem desconsiderar a importância da autonomia dos tribunais de justica para o enriquecimento do planejamento estrategico e o sucesso da execucao dessas acoes.This paper presents the transformation brought by the National Council of Justice in the government of the courts of justice, in the sense of forming a new federal pact. To do so, we analyze the emergence and development of the Brazilian judicial federalism, the model of autonomy guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988, the process of creating and legitimizing the CNJ and their actions throughout its eight years of existence. An important contribution of this work is to identify the aspects that have changed the vectors of corporate governance of the judiciary and the situations in which they were possible to overcome tensions between the Council and the local courts. Finally, it recognizes the centripetal direction of federalism judiciary, without disregarding the importance of the autonomy of the courts of justice for the enrichment of strategic planning and successful execution of these actions.
Elevated blood pressure in the emergency department: lack of adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

Objectives To determine emergency physician's adherence to American College of Emergency Physicians policy recommendations in the assessment of patients with asymptomatic elevated blood pressure (BP) in the emergency department (ED). Methods Retrospective study at a level 1 academic ED. Adult nontrauma patients with an initial systolic BP of at least 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of at least 90 mmHg, who were subsequently discharged from the ED were included. Patients were excluded if they had chest pain, shortness of breath, neurologic symptoms, or were pregnant. Results A total of 179 (female-102, male-77) patients met eligibility criteria with a mean age of 44 years±17.9 (SD). BP remained elevated in 71% (117/164) of the subjects that received repeat measurements at the time of discharge. Seventeen percent (28/164) had severe BP elevation (systolic BP≥160 or diastolic BP≥100) at the time of discharge. No association was found between pain scores and BP readings in triage (P=0.35). Complete end organ damage evaluation was performed in 3% (5/179). Only 6% (11/179) of patients were informed of elevated BP in the ED. Specific BP-related discharge instructions were given to only 5% (10/179) of patients. Follow-up with a primary care physician for re-evaluation of elevated BP was recommended in 6% (11/179). Conclusion A vast majority of ED patients with persistently elevated BP did not receive BP counseling and referral for further evaluation of elevated BP, suggesting lack of adherence to American College of Emergency Physicians policy recommendations in the assessment of ED patients with asymptomatic elevated BP.
HU Protein and DNA Supercoiling Dramatically Enhance Lac-Repressor-Mediated DNA Looping

DNA loops mediated by proteins that bind with different affinity to distant sites regulate multiple aspects of DNA metabolism, such as transcription, replication and recombination. Binding of accessory proteins and DNA supercoiling are two factors that affect the formation of DNA loops. Previous studies indicate that the heat unstable protein (HU) enhances the formation of short loops perhaps by changing the flexibility of DNA upon binding non-specifically. However, for loops long enough such that DNA stiffness is not limiting, the effect of HU on loop formation is not well understood. Negative supercoiling also enhances the formation of long loops. To better understand how binding affinity, loop length, HU and negative supercoiling affect looping, single molecule experiments were performed with the lac repressor protein (LacI) as a DNA looping protein. Using tethered particle motion, a titration of the formation of Lac repressor mediated-loop was carried out using three different DNA templates, OID-900-O1, OID-400-O1, and O1-400-O2 (Ostrong-loop size (bp)-Oweak). It showed that long loops are surprisingly efficient across a broad range of concentration. In similar titrations of LacI-induced looping as a function of HU concentration, HU greatly enhanced looping in 400 but not the longer 900 bp loops. Magnetic tweezers were used to investigate the effect of supercoiling on the formation of LacI-mediated DNA loops using 2 kbp DNA molecules with a centrally located O1-400-O2. Even slight tension in the magnetic tweezer interfered with looping, however, supercoiling compensated for increased tension. Positive supercoiling enhanced loop formation but less efficiently than negative which increased the looping probability from 0 to 100%. Thus the levels of accessory proteins and supercoiling, two dynamic parameters, enable modulation of regulatory loops the baseline probability of which is established by loop size and binding site affinities.
A Qualitative Study of Anticipated Decision Making around Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Testing: the Role of Scientifically Concordant and Discordant Expectations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) genetic testing is undergoing clinical trials to measure the efficacy of genetic counseling for behavior-based risk reduction. The expectations patients bring to the testing process may play an important role in individual outcomes. We conducted a qualitative exploration of anticipated decision-making and expectations around T2DM genetic testing. Semi-structured interviews were completed with Mexican Americans (n = 34), non-Hispanic Black Americans (n = 39), and non-Hispanic White Americans (n = 39) at risk for T2DM. Transcripts were analyzed for themes. Most participants would accept T2DM genetic testing in order to motivate risk-reducing behaviors or apprise family members of their risk. Participants who would decline testing wished to avoid emotional distress or believed the test would not reveal new risk information. Non-Hispanic Whites and those with college education declined genetic testing more often than other groups. Those without college education were more likely to have testing expectations that were discordant with current science, such as conflating genetic testing with common ‘blood tests.’ Understanding expectations and decision-making factors around T2DM genetic testing will better prepare healthcare professionals to counsel their patients. This may lead to a higher efficacy of T2DM genetic testing and counseling.
Interspecific Competition between Two Exotic Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) of an invasive Bemisia tabaci Species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Abstract Classical biocontrol programs usually employ multiple species to control a single pest; however, the beneficial effects are not always additive due to competition between the introduced species. Knowledge of these potentially negative interactions is crucial when determining whether the introductions were successful and the extent to which they influence pest suppression. Here, we report the results of such competition between 2 exotic wasp species [Encarsia bimaculata Heraty & Polaszek and Eretmocerus sp. nr. emiratus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)] introduced into Florida for control of the circumglobal super pest currently known as Middle East-Asia Minor 1, a cryptic species within the Bemisia tabaci complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Levels of parasitism, progeny production, and host feeding were evaluated in the laboratory under various parasitoid combinations on 2 host plant species (collard and eggplant) that differed in leaf pilosity (i.e., number of trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface). Sig...
Discrete dipole approximation for the simulation of the edge effects on metasurfaces

A dipole-based simulation method is presented to study the effects of edges on finite metasurfaces. This technique can accurately account for the physical limitations associated with fabrication and thereby leads to high fidelity predictions needed in practical applications. Moreover, it establishes a platform to improve the metasurface design process, given the fact that no periodic boundary condition is required and the interaction between different meta-atoms within the surface is taken into account. This paper presents the initial results of using this technique for a finite lens, composed of split-ring-resonators. The dipole moments are found and the far-field is computed and compared with full-wave simulations.
ALICE on the Eightfold Way: Exploring Curved Spaces in an Enclosed Virtual Reality Theater

We describe a collaboration between mathematicians interested in visualizing curved three-dimensional spaces and researchers building next-generation virtual-reality environments such as ALICE, a six-sided, rigid-walled virtual-reality chamber. This environment integrates active-stereo imaging, wireless motion-tracking and wireless-headphone sound. To reduce cost, the display is driven by a cluster of commodity computers instead of a traditional graphics supercomputer. The mathematical application tested in this environment is an implementation of Thurston’s eight-fold way; these eight three-dimensional geometries are conjectured to suffice for describing all possible three-dimensional manifolds or universes.
W(H)Ither the Tax Gap

For decades, policy makers and politicians have railed against the “tax gap,” or the difference between what taxpayers are legally obligated to pay in taxes and what they actually pay in taxes. To close the gap, Congress has instituted numerous reforms, with varying degrees of success. Notwithstanding these efforts, the tax gap has largely remained intact, and, if anything, its size has gradually grown over the last several decades. However, the tax gap may well begin to diminish in size (or “wither” away), if not immediately then over time. Three developments will help narrow the tax gap’s size. First, the ubiquity of credit cards, debit cards, and smartphone payment apps has purged cash—the erstwhile driving engine of the tax gap—from its use in many economic transactions. Second, the availability of third-party sources of information, combined with the universal use of computerization to store, access, and analyze information, has significantly curtailed a taxpayer’s ability to hide income here in the United States or overseas. Third, broad economic trends such as concentration and globalization have generated a workforce dynamic in which taxpayers generally are employed by large business enterprises (where individual tax compliance is fairly high) rather than in traditional mom-and-pop businesses (where individual tax compliance is typically low). The implications associated with a lower tax gap are vast. Even beyond the usual considerations associated with greater tax compliance (e.g., increased revenues, reduced noncompliance-induced inefficiencies, and improved horizontal and vertical equity of tax burdens), taxpayers would experience a shift in the labor market and an adjustment in the prices paid for consumer goods and services. Also, rather than conducting audits and deterring noncompliance, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) would be able to dedicate a greater share of its limited resources to other pressing agenda items, such as assisting taxpayers in their compliance endeavors. There are, of course, other countervailing economic trends that may subvert the forces that will act to reduce the tax gap, so its future path remains highly uncertain (and hence the alternative use of “whither”). Also, for a whole host of reasons, especially reductions in IRS funding, the tax gap will not be closed anytime soon. Nevertheless, the tide against tax noncompliance may finally be turning.
Theorizing cyber coercion: The 2014 North Korean operation against Sony

ABSTRACTThis article challenges the conventional wisdom that cyber operations have limited coercive value. It theorizes that cyber operations contribute to coercion by imposing costs and destabilizing an opponent’s leadership. As costs mount and destabilization spreads, the expected utility of capitulation surpasses that of continued defiance, leading the opponent’s leaders to comply with the coercer’s demands. The article applies this ‘cost-destabilization’ model to the 2014 North Korean cyber operation against Sony. Through cost imposition and leadership destabilization, the North Korean operation, despite its lack of physical destructiveness, caused Sony to make a series of costly decisions to avoid future harm.
A Validated Nomogram to Predict Upstaging of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ to Invasive Disease

Approximately 8–56% of patients with a core needle biopsy (CNB) diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) will be upstaged to invasive disease at the time of excision. Patients with invasive disease are recommended to undergo axillary nodal staging, most often requiring a second operation. We developed and validated a nomogram to preoperatively predict percentage of risk for upstaging to invasive cancer. We reviewed 834 cases of DCIS on CNB between January 2004 and October 2014. Multivariable analysis was used to evaluate CNB and imaging factors to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of upstaging from DCIS to invasive cancer. This nomogram was validated with an external dataset of 579 similar patients between November 1998 and September 2016. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to evaluate nomogram discrimination. The rate of upstaging to invasive disease was 118/834 (14.1%). On multivariable analysis, grade on CNB and imaging factors, including mass lesion, multicentric disease, and largest linear dimension, were associated with upstage to invasive disease, and was used to develop a nomogram (c-statistic 0.71). In the external validation dataset, 62/579 (10.7%) patients were upstaged to invasive disease. Our nomogram was validated in this dataset with a c-statistic of 0.71. For patients with a CNB diagnosis of DCIS, our validated nomogram using DCIS grade on biopsy, and imaging factors of mass lesion, multicentric disease, and largest linear dimension, may be used for preoperative assessment of risk of upstaging to invasive disease, allowing patient counseling regarding axillary staging at the time of definitive surgery.
Miniaturized two-photon microscope: seeing clearer and deeper into the brain.

A miniature two-photon microscope circumvents previous limitations of this technology and now allows imaging of activity not only in the soma but also in the dendrites and spines of neurons in freely moving animals engaged in a wide spectrum of behaviors.
Reply to “Letter to the Editor: Pulmonary toxicity of electronic cigarettes: more doubts than certainties”

reply: In their letter to the editor, in this issue of the American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology , Caruso and colleagues ([3][1]) reprise longstanding arguments that the tobacco industry uses to cast doubt on evidence linking smoking with disease ([7][2]) to question
Noninvasive colorectal cancer screening.

Abnormal mucin with the STn epitope is produced by colorectal cancer cells and is immunologically distinguishable from normal colonic mucin. Herein we describe a technique of detecting abnormal mucin in fecal samples as a method of screening for colorectal neoplasia. Soluble glycoproteins from fecal samples of patients with symptoms of bowel disease and asymptomatic volunteer subjects were isolated by centrifugation and ethanol precipitation. The protein content of the soluble fraction was normalized and tested by immunoassay (slot dot). Anti-COTA monoclonal antibody SP-21, which reacts with STn epitope, was applied in the reaction, and the optical density of each slot dot was determined by imaging densitometer. Quantitative values of samples were determined from the standard curve obtained with highly purified COTA. COTA values >15 μg/ml were considered positive for neoplasia. Results indicated that 5/6 colon cancers, 6/22 adenomas, 1/8 colitis cases, and 2/58 normal patients were positive in the test. The pilot study revealed that COTA assay is sensitive and more specific than Hemoccult screening for colorectal neoplasia.
CALBINDIN D28k IS HIGHLY CONSERVED DURING PHYLOGENY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the localization and the characterization of calcium binding protein (CaBP) in kidney and brain of diverse species. The highest concentrations of CaBP are present in kidney, pancreas and brain. It is found that although the function of CaBP is unknown, broad distribution and conservation are criteria that should be met by proteins involved in regulating basic intracellular processes. In salietian amphibian, saurian and crocodilian reptiles, chicken, rat, mouse, and baboon, calbindin D 28k are most evident in the distal tubule of the kidney. Reactive tubules become less apparent as one continues beyond the distal tubule, but the baboon has positive cells in collecting tubules all the way to the papilla. The finding of calbindin D D 28k in the anamniotic kidney of the salientian amphibian at all stages of metamorphosis suggests that CaBP has functional significance in the mesonephric and the metanephric kidney. The increase in the number of reactive cells for calbindin D 28k from the premetamorphic period onward suggests that this protein may have a role in the differentiation of kidney function.
Who Donates in Campaigns?: The Importance of Message, Messenger, Medium, and Structure

While much is known about who votes in American elections, much less is known about who donates. In this book, the authors utilize a unique and historically unprecedented data set of donors from the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections to answer longstanding questions: what is the relationship between donors and candidates? How do candidates attract and respond to contributors? How do campaign strategies reflect changing campaign finance laws and the development of the internet? With unprecedented cooperation from the Obama, McCain, and Romney campaigns, the authors investigate presidential campaign donors at all giving levels to produce the most systematic and complete analysis of donors to presidential nominees to date. As elections are decided increasingly by donors' dollars, Who Donates to Campaigns? provides relevant research on the broader trends in partisan polarization and, more generally, on how campaigns can engage more citizens in political participation.
Understanding Feminist Resistance to “Men-Streaming”

This article explores some of the resistance to the expansion of efforts to engage men and boys with gender programming in the field of international development. While efforts to engage men and boys face predictable resistance from those that oppose a gender equality agenda writ-large, these efforts also often face resistance from feminist women in the field. This article specifically examines the reasons why many feminist women criticize or express concerns about the growing presence of efforts to engage men and boys with gender programming. Data from interviews with women in the development field who were identified by their peers as critical of work to engage men challenges the common conception that these feminist women are opposed to working with men in general. This analysis instead reveals that these feminist women have specific concerns that some programs to engage men may be harmful to efforts for gender equality and that efforts to engage men may be increasingly cutting into funding and political space that has previously been dedicated women.
Purification of natural gas using thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole and polyimide membranes – a review: part 2

This feature article – published in two parts – focuses on the evolution of polyimide as a gas separation membrane, its subsequent transformation into polybenzoxazole and various studies done to optimise the separation ability of polybenzoxazole. The first instalment, which appears in the September 2016 issue of Membrane Technology, provides theory and background, including details of the solution-diffusion model and a description of fractional free volume. It also discusses the limitations of membrane separation and the permeability/selectivity trade-off, and covers physical ageing, plasticisation, polyimide synthesis, design of polyimide, thermal annealing and cross-linking. Discussing thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole in detail, the second instalment – which appears here – looks at the design of polybenzoxazole, the industrial viability of membranes made from this material, a summary of its performance and future outlook and conclusions.
Is There an Association Between Prophylactic Femur Stabilization and Survival in Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease

AbstractBackgroundThe femur is the most common site of metastasis in the appendicular skeleton, and metastatic bone disease negatively influences quality of life. Orthopaedic surgeons are often faced with deciding whether to prophylactically stabilize an impending fracture, and it is unclear if prop
How much will precision nitrogen management pay off? An evaluation based on simulating thousands of corn fields over the US Corn-Belt

Abstract Variable rate technology nitrogen (VRT-N) application, a precision management approach to synchronize N input with crop demand, has received increasing attention in recent years. Although existing field trials have suggested the agronomic and environmental feasibility of VRT-N adoption, the potential benefits at large scale remain a puzzle to farmers and policy-makers, partly because no tools are available for aggregated assessments. In this study, we develop a scalable framework to support large-scale precision N management by fully leveraging recent advances in crop modeling, remote sensing, and publicly available weather and soil datasets. Using this new framework, we investigated the agronomic and environmental benefits of VRT-N application for corn compared to Uniform-N application across 9 states and ca. 2600 fields in the US Corn-Belt. Our results showed that, given an Extension-reported service fee of 6.2 USD$/ha for applying N at variable rate, the multi-year averaged mean agronomic margin of adopting VRT-N were only 6.7 $/ha more than Uniform-N. Accounting for the environmental cost of N leaching and N2O emission increased the mean benefit of VRT-N to 26.4 $/ha. Agronomic benefits in general increased with the yield heterogeneity in field, and the mean value was driven by a small fraction of very heterogenous fields. Additional benefits from managing the temporal variability were 29.5 $/ha and 51.6 $/ha on average from an agronomic and environmental perspective, respectively. Environmental benefits are considerable but are unlikely to drive farmer adoption in the absence of new incentives for precision technologies. Although various uncertainties remain to be reduced, the current framework opens opportunity to ingest future improvements in models and geospatial datasets and could serve as a foundation for other precision management practices such as seeding rate and irrigation.
Long-Term Sustainability of a Quality Initiative Program on Transfusion Rates in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Follow-Up Study.

Abstract Background There are significant variations in transfusion rates among institutions performing total joint arthroplasty. We previously demonstrated that implementation of an educational program to increase awareness of the American Association of Blood Banks’ transfusion guidelines led to an immediate decrease in transfusion rates at our facilities. It remained unclear how this initiative would endure over time. We report the long-term success and sustainability of this quality program. Methods We reviewed the Michigan Arthroplasty Collaborative Quality Initiative data from 2012 through 2017 of all patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty at our institutions for preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin level, transfusion status, and number of units transfused and transfusions outside of protocol to identify changes surrounding our blood transfusion educational initiative. We calculated the transfusions prevented and cost implications over the course of the study. Results We identified 6645 primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients. There was a significant decrease in transfusion rate and overall transfusions in each group when compared to pre-education values. Subgroup analysis of TKA and THA independently showed significant decreases in both transfusion rate and overall transfusions. Over the final 3 years of the study, only 2 patients were transfused outside of the American Association of Blood Banks protocol. We estimate prevention of 519 transfusions over the study period. Conclusion Application of this quality initiative was an effective means of identifying opportunities for quality improvement. The program was easily initiated, had significant early impact, and has been shown to be sustainable.
Vegetation dynamics following compound disturbance in a dry pine forest: fuel treatment then bark beetle outbreak.

In the western United States, restoration of forests with historically frequent, low-severity fire regimes often includes fuel reduction that reestablish open, early-seral conditions while reducing fuel continuity and loading. Between 2001 and 2016, fuel reduction (e.g., thinning, prescribed burning, etc.) was implemented on over 26 million hectares of federal lands alone in the United States, reflecting the urgency to mitigate risk from high-severity wildfire. However, between 2001 and 2012, nearly 20 million hectares in the United States were impacted by mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae), compounding restoration effects in wildfire-hazard-treated stands. Knowledge of the effects of treatments followed by natural disturbance on long-term forest structure and communities is needed, especially considering that fuel treatments are increasingly being implemented and warming climate is predicted to exacerbate disturbance frequency and severity. We tested the interacting effects of treatments designed to reduce high-severity wildfire hazard in stands subsequently challenged by MPB outbreak on vegetation dynamics using a factorial experimental design (control, thin only, burn only, thin + burn) in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-dominated forest. Stands were treated by 2002, then impacted by MPB outbreak from 2005 to 2012. We assessed change in overstory and understory forest community structure, composition, and diversity over time. There were distinct thinning, burning, and year effects. Thinning immediately reduced overstory density; pine density then declined 4.5 times more in unthinned than thinned treatments due to MPB. Burning immediately reduced graminoid, shrub, and total understory cover by as much as 52%, resulting in greater species evenness than unburned treatments, but differences disappeared by 2016 due to growth and MPB outbreak. Similarly, multivariate analyses indicated forest communities were starkly different after treatment but became more similar over time, though key understory and overstory attributes still distinguish control and thin + burn. This study shows the value of long-term silvicultural experiments to evaluate treatment longevity and the compounded effects of treatment and natural disturbance. We demonstrate the homogenizing effects of treatment-induced growth coupled with MPB-caused tree mortality on management strategies that just treat the overstory (thinning) or understory (burning), showing that only combined treatments can provide the unique structural and compositional outcomes expected of restoration.
Inattention, emotion dysregulation and impairment among urban, diverse adults seeking psychological treatment.

Abstract Emotion dysregulation is commonly reported among adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. This study examined whether inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity directly affect functional impairment, or whether they do so indirectly by decreasing emotion regulation capabilities. An ethnically, racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of clients seeking treatment at a low-fee outpatient mental health clinic were recruited [N = 177, male n = 59, 33.3%, mean (SD) age = 28.54 (8.41) years]. Participants completed measures of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, emotion regulation and impairment at intake. Inattention was more strongly related to emotion regulation and impairment than hyperactivity/impulsivity. Hayes’ PROCESS was used to test for significant indirect effects. More severe inattention was associated with less emotional clarity, which in turn was associated with worse Interpersonal Relationship difficulties; more severe inattention was associated with less access to emotion regulation strategies and poorer emotional clarity, which in turn were associated with greater Symptom Distress; and inattention was directly associated with impairment at school and work. In addition to treating inattention, clinicians should focus on emotion regulation deficits. Specifically, working with individuals to improve identification and labeling of emotions, develop strategies to reduce the intensity of their negative emotions, and feel more confident that they have these tools at their disposable may help to reduce impairment.
Building a Life Despite It All: Structural Oppression and Resilience of Undocumented Latina Migrants in Central Florida

Immigrants to the United States encounter a multitude of challenges upon arriving. This is further complicated if migrants arrive without legal status and even more so if these migrants are women. My research engages with Kimberle Crenshaw’s concept of intersectionality to examine interlocking systems of oppression faced by undocumented migrant women living in Central Florida. I worked mainly in Apopka, Florida, with women who migrated from Mexico, Central America, and South America. I found that three broad identity factors shaped their experiences of life in the U.S.: gender, undocumented status, and Latinx identity. The last factor specifically affected women’s lives through not only their own assertions of their identity, but also outsider projections of interviewees’ race, ethnicity, and culture. My research examines how these identity factors affected my interviewees and limited their access to employment, healthcare, and education. Through a collaborative research project involving work with Central Floridian non - pro t and activist organizations, I conducted interviews and participant observation to answer my research questions. Through my research, I found that undocumented Latina migrants in Central Florida face structural vulnerabilities due to gendered and racist immigration policies and social systems, the oppressive effects of which were only partly mitigated by women’s involvement with community organizations. My research exposes fundamental and systemic failures within U.S. immigration policies and demonstrates that U.S. immigration policy must change to address intersectional oppression faced by undocumented Latina migrants.
Dupilumab for occupational irritant hand dermatitis in a nonatopic individual: A case report.

Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.1 We report a case of occupational irritant hand dermatitis in a nonatopic individual that improved on dupilumab.
Moral Folkism and the Deflation of (Lots of) Normative and Metaethics

In this paper, I do two things. First, I argue for a metaethical view that I call moral folkism. The two main subtheses of moral folkism are as follows: (A) if there are any wrong-like properties, then there’s a vast plurality of them; e.g., there’s a property of Kant-wrongness, and Mill-wrongness, and Moore-wrongness, and so on; and (B) which of these properties count as genuine kinds of wrongness (i.e., real moral wrongness)—if any of them do—is determined by facts about us, in particular, our usage, intentions, and practices concerning moral words. Second, I discuss the consequences of moral folkism. In particular, I argue that (i) moral folkism leads us to the deflationary conclusion that many of the normative and metaethical questions that philosophers discuss are settled by empirical facts about what ordinary folk happen to mean by their words—and so they’re not settled by mind-independent facts about reality. In addition, I also argue that (ii) moral folkism does not imply that applied ethical questions are settled by facts about folk meaning, and (iii) moral folkism does not imply moral anti-realism (i.e., moral folkism is perfectly compatible with a robust sort of moral realism).
Imperfection insensitive thin cylindrical shells for next generation wind turbine towers

Abstract Conventionally, wind turbine towers are made of thin steel circular cylindrical shells due to the structural efficiency and the ease of construction. But, thin cylindrical shells are highly sensitive to imperfections, and the presence of even slight imperfections reduces their capacity severely. Imperfections are always present in the cylinders, and thus the design methods have the provisions to accommodate the presence of imperfections. As a result, the current practices for designing wind turbine towers that are made by thin circular cylinders are conservative. These conservative design methods have long been an obstacle for cost effective wind turbines, whose demands have been increased recently due to the widespread awareness of the clean source of wind energy. Wavy wind turbine towers are proposed in this study to avoid these roadblocks towards more efficient tall wind turbine towers. The waviness of the cross-section reduces the slenderness (R/t) of the towers significantly; consequently, the sensitivity of the towers to imperfections is reduced drastically. In addition, the waviness of the cross-sections works as stiffeners which also results to the reduction of imperfection sensitivity. Imperfection sensitivity of wavy cylindrical shells has been evaluated in the past along with highly promising results. However, no attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of the wavy cylinders in a real application. In this study, the sensitivity of the proposed wavy wind turbine towers to imperfections is assessed. It is found that the sensitivity of the wavy towers is exceptionally small compared to that of the circular towers.
Discipline note: A ranking of business school operations management departments based on current faculty publications in five journals

A partial answer is provided to the question “what are the most research productive business school Operations Management departments?” Among the many research rankings published, this research question appears to be unique. Other efforts in Operations Management rank either business schools or entire universities. Our criterion for ordering departments is also unique: publications only by faculty currently employed by the department. Other rankings do not consider the number or title of faculty, thereby providing an advantage to larger and more experienced faculty. This ranking is adjusted for both number of faculty and years of experience.
Binge watching and serial viewing: Comparing new media viewing habits in 2015 and 2020

Abstract Introduction The current study explores binge watching as a functional entertainment choice, and examines similarities and differences between it, appointment viewing, and serial viewing in terms of prevalence and technologies used over time. Methods/measurements Two surveys were conducted in fall 2015 (N = 373, 62% female and the mean age = 22.01 [SD = 5.92]) and in fall 2020 (N = 732, 69% female, mean age = 21.13 [SD = 4.98]. Surveys explored the frequency and duration of engaging in binge watching, serial viewing, and appointment viewing, as well as the role of habit in binge watching and the technologies employed to view content. Findings/results Frequency of binge watching and serial viewing increased from 2015 to 2020, and levels remain elevated from estimates just prior to COVID-19 stay-at-home orders, which saw all types of viewing increase. Participants report most frequently engaging in serial viewing, followed binge watching, followed by appointment viewing. Appointment viewing frequency and duration has decreased. A binge-watching habit explains considerable variance in the frequency of binge watching. Conclusions Binge watching has become a more common way to watch TV than traditional appointment viewing, which has decreased in both the frequency and time spent between 2015 and 2020. Serial viewing – a self-paced consumption of serialized narrative content over days, weeks, or months – is the most common way of watching television content. Serial viewing and binge watching are more closely associated with viewing content on television, demonstrating a shift from the personal screen to the living room.
The impact of retained bullet fragments on outcomes in patients with gunshot wounds.

Abstract Background Nationally, 115,000 non-fatal firearm injuries occurred in 2017, with many such victims possessing retained bullet fragments (RBFs); however, the impact of RBFs has not been well studied. Methods An institutional trauma database from an urban, level one trauma center was queried for patients presenting with gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the ED in 2017. GSWs were stratified by the presence or absence of RBFs. Groups were compared using t-tests, chi-squared, and logistic regression. Results Of 674 patients with GSWs who met inclusion criteria, 394 had RBFs versus 280 with no RBFs. Patients with RBFs were more likely admitted from the ED (57.4% vs. 41.8%, p Conclusion RBFs may represent an unrecognized risk factor for both repeat ED visits and subsequent bullet injury.
Into the weeds: new insights in plant stress

Weeds, plants that thrive in the face of disturbance, have eluded human's attempts at control for >12 000 years, positioning them as a unique group of extreme stress tolerators. The most successful weeds have a suite of traits that enable them to rapidly adapt to environments typified by stress, growing in hostile conditions or subject to massive destruction from agricultural practices. Through their ability to persist and adapt, weeds illuminate principles of evolution and provide insights into weed management and crop improvement. Here we highlight why the time is right to move beyond traditional model systems and leverage weeds to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms, adaptations, and genetic and physiological bases for stress tolerance.
Defining the Value of Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing: A Novel Approach to Clinical Practice Transformation.

Abstract Objective To compare the relative value of 3 analgesic pathways for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients and Methods Time-driven activity-based costing analyses were performed on 3 common analgesic pathways for patients undergoing TKA: periarticular infiltration (PAI) only, PAI and single-injection adductor canal blockade (SACB), and PAI and continuous adductor canal blockade (CACB). Additionally, adult patients who underwent elective primary TKA from November 1, 2017, to May 1, 2018, were retrospectively identified to analyze analgesic (pain score, opiate use) and hospital outcomes (distance walked, length of stay) after TKA based on analgesic pathway. Results There was no difference in patient demographic characteristics, specifically complexity (American Society of Anesthesiologists score) or preoperative opiate use, between groups. Compared with PAI, total cost (labor and material) was 1.4-times greater for PAI plus SACB and 2.3-times greater for PAI plus CACB. The addition of SACB to PAI resulted in lower average and maximum pain scores and opiate use on the day of operation compared with PAI alone. Average and maximum pain scores and opiate use between SACB and CACB were not significantly different. Walking distance and hospital length of stay were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion Perioperative care teams should consider the cost and relative value of pain management when selecting the optimal analgesic strategy for TKA. Despite slightly higher relative cost, the combination of SACB with PAI may offer short-term analgesic benefit compared with PAI alone, which could enhance its relative value in TKA.
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy: surgical technique, perioperative and oncologic outcomes.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Radical cystectomy is a complex procedure that encompasses surgery involving the urinary, gastrointestinal tracts and the retroperitoneum, with significant morbidity. Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has been introduced to improve perioperative outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS It has been shown to provide equivalent oncologic outcomes to open radical cystectomy while providing some benefits in terms of perioperative outcomes. A complete intracorporeal approach utilizing intracorporeal urinary diversion may potentially offer additional benefits. SUMMARY Herein, we describe our technique for RARC and intracorporeal urinary diversion, as well as a review of oncologic and perioperative outcomes.
Effects of exercise and excitement on mesenteric and renal dynamics in conscious, unrestrained baboons

Radiotelemetry was used to measure arterial pressure and mesenteric and renal blood flows from nine unrestrained, conscious baboons during periods of rest, moderate exercise, and extreme excitement. A description of the experiments hardware is presented, including artificial depressants phenylcyclidine hydrochloride, 0.5-1.0 mg/kg, and pentobarbital sodium, 15 mg/kg, and an ultrasonic telemetry flow meter. Results showed rising heart rate and arterial pressure coupled with a reduction of mesenteric and renal flows as the level of exercise was increased. These findings are compared with mesenteric and renal flows somewhat above control level, but relatively stable heart rate and arterial pressure, postprandially. Attention is given to a quantitative analysis of the experimental results.
Evolution des Gehirns

Das Gehirn ist Produkt der Evolution und nicht menschlicher Ingenieurkunst wie eine Rechenmaschine. Nach welchen Gesetzen und Umweltbedingungen ist das menschliche Gehirn entstanden? Seine Ursprunge liegen im Dunkel der Urgeschichte und konnen palaontologisch nur aus wenigen Fundstucken — einige Schadel, Kiefer oder Zahne — erschlossen werden. Die Erde ist 4,6 Milliarden Jahre alt. Die altesten fossiltragenden Sedimente sind 3,5 Milliarden alte Felsen in Afrika und Australien. Dort finden wir primitive Einzeller, blaugrune Algen und vielschichtige Sedimentablagerungen dieser Algen. Aus diesen einfachen Organismen entwickelten sich in immer neuen Evolutionsschuben komplexere Lebewesen durch Zellteilung. Nach der traditionellen Vorstellung der Darwinschen Evolutionstheorie ergab sich eine lineare Aufeinanderfolge, die von den Wirbellosen uber die Fische zu den Reptilien, Saugern und schlieslich dem Menschen mit seinem komplexen Gehirn fuhrte.
5 Fluid Mechanics and Transport Research in Chemical Engineering

Publisher Summary A serious need exists for a database containing transport properties of complex fluids, analogous to thermodynamic data for non-ideal molecular systems. Most measurements of viscosities or pressure drops have little value beyond the specific conditions of the experiment because of inadequate characterization at the microscopic level. For many polydisperse or multicomponent systems, sufficient characterization is not presently possible. Hence, there is a need for effort akin to the measurement of viscometric functions and diffusion coefficients for polymers of precisely tailored molecular structure. The correlations between the transport and thermodynamic properties and key microstructural parameters, for example, size, shape, concentration, and characteristics of interactions, can then be developed through dimensional analysis or asymptotic solutions. This chapter discusses theoretical aspects of single crystal growth from the melt, mixing in deterministic flows, flow of granular materials, optical characterization of complex fluids, finite element solutions of free surface flows, and simulations of the dynamics of dense dispersions.
The Nonlinear State Space Model

In applying the results and concepts of Part I in the domains of times series or systems theory, we have so far analyzed only linear models in any detail, albeit rather general and multidimensional ones. This chapter is intended as a relatively complete description of the way in which nonlinear models may be analyzed within the Markovian context developed thus far. We will consider both the general nonlinear state space model, and some specific applications which take on this particular form.
Learning Over Compact Metric Spaces

We consider the problem of learning on a compact metric space X in a functional analytic framework. For a dense subalgebra of Lip(X), the space of all Lipschitz functions on X, the Representer Theorem is derived. We obtain exact solutions in the case of least square minimization and regularization and suggest an approximate solution for the Lipschitz classifier.