cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sustained CAD/CAE integration: integrating with successive versions of step or IGES files

CAD/CAM/CAE integration offers designers, analysts, and manufacturers the opportunity to share data throughout the product development process. Such integration reduces product development cost and supports the development of better products. Finite-element (FE) meshing applications integrated with solid model data from CAD systems represent a major subset of CAD/CAM/CAE integration. Many practitioners find that sustained integration with the CAD geometry is often not economical because of mixed CAD formats and the need to simplify geometry before modeling. This article assesses those circumstances and the cost/benefit trade-offs that lead to the not-economical conclusion. The article also introduces new techniques for sustained integration with FE meshing applications. Virtual persistent identifiers (VPI) enabled by design change vectors (DCV) are proposed as tools to enable sustained integration between FE meshing applications and imported neutral format CAD models (e.g., STEP, IGES). VPI techniques are shown to enable sustained integration using neutral format files with no extensions to their current format. The approach accommodates “integrate as you go” (ad-hoc integration) instead of the homogeneous integration approach that requires extensive planning, investment, and policies. The same ad-hoc capability can be used to repair broken associativity and mitigate risks associated with migrating from one CAD platform to another. The authors conclude that VPI should be useful for ad-hoc integration, integration repair, and migration to new exchange standards like the feature definition standard in STEP AP-242. A simple example of the proposed process is shared.
Comparative Primate Learning and its Contributions to Understanding Development, Play, Intelligence, and Language

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize our current understanding of the comparative learning processes and capabilities of primates. The reader’s attention is directed to recent reviews of comparative primate learning (19, 20) for additional information and formulations that are related directly to the present discussion. The studies herein discussed, and those reviewed in the foregoing references, are all embraced within the domain of classic, comparative psychology.
Image Splicing Localization using a Multi-task Fully Convolutional Network (MFCN)

Abstract In this work, we propose a technique that utilizes a fully convolutional network (FCN) to localize image splicing attacks. We first evaluated a single-task FCN (SFCN) trained only on the surface label. Although the SFCN is shown to provide superior performance over existing methods, it still provides a coarse localization output in certain cases. Therefore, we propose the use of a multi-task FCN (MFCN) that utilizes two output branches for multi-task learning. One branch is used to learn the surface label, while the other branch is used to learn the edge or boundary of the spliced region. We trained the networks using the CASIA v2.0 dataset, and tested the trained models on the CASIA v1.0, Columbia Uncompressed, Carvalho, and the DARPA/NIST Nimble Challenge 2016 SCI datasets. Experiments show that the SFCN and MFCN outperform existing splicing localization algorithms, and that the MFCN can achieve finer localization than the SFCN.
A novel acoustic catheter stethoscope based acquisition and signal processing framework to extract multiple bio signals

In this study, a novel acoustic stethoscope based on an intravenous catheter was introduced to measure vascular pressures from a Yorkshire pig. Our hypothesis is that by means of this single device (measurement system) and by applying signal analysis and processing framework, multiple vital bio signals can be extracted. In contrast, current conventional state-of-the-art technologies use multiple devices to provide the same information. The framework used to extract these bio signals consisted of a noise cancellation technique and wavelet based source separation. The preliminary results obtained from the acquired pressure data revealed the presence of acoustic heart and respiratory pulses. Finally, the computed heart and respiratory rates were benchmarked with actual values measured using conventional devices to validate our hypothesis.
Technical Developments: Zero Echo Time Imaging of the Shoulder: Enhanced Osseous Detail by Using MR Imaging.

As evidenced by comparison of clinical measurements and grades and direct comparison with standard-of-care MR imaging, zero echo time MR imaging provides additional morphologic information comparable to that provided by CT and may obviate CT imaging in some cases of shoulder assessment.
Abstract 16584: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1/Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinase (BMP-1/TLD) is Increased in Heart Failure and Regulates MMP12 and TIMP1 Levels in Cardiomyocytes

Introduction: Myostatin (MSTN) is involved in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in heart failure (HF), and becomes activated after cleavage by bone morphogenic-1/tolloid (BMP1/TLD) proteinase. We hav...
A low complexity and bandwidth efficient procedure for OFDM data reconstruction in DSC 5G networks

In this paper, a procedure is proposed to estimate the drone-small-cells (DSC) doubly selective channels, which are sparse in 5G communications, for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) systems and reconstruct the transmitted data at the receiver accurately with low overhead and low computational complexity. In contrast to the previous compressed-sensing (CS)-based MIMO channel estimation (CE) methods, we propose the employment of Golden sequences instead of Bernoulli random codes to optimize the pilot amplitudes and their locations in order to increase the accuracy of the CE approach. The estimated channel is utilized for our proposed 2 dimensional (2D) adaptive channel coding procedure which consists of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code that is applied vertically, and a low-density-parity-check (LDPC) code which is applied horizontally on the transmitted data. The simulation results indicate the high accuracy of our proposed data reconstruction scheme which is achieved with low overhead and low computational complexity.
Partisan Barriers to Bipartisanship: Understanding Climate Policy Polarization

Everyday partisans evaluate policies partly by following partisan cues, fomenting polarization. However, there is debate over the influence of partisan cues in “real-world,” nonlaboratory contexts. An experiment with a real climate change initiative in the 2016 Washington State election tested whether partisan cues influenced climate policy polarization. In a primary study, 504 prospective voters were randomly assigned to view veridical policy endorsements by partisan elites; this study was followed by a preregistered conceptual replication (N = 1,178). Democrats supported the climate policy more than Republicans. But this difference was greater when Democrats endorsed the policy (with Republican opposition) than when Republicans endorsed the policy (with Democratic opposition). Neither knowledge nor belief in climate change reduced these polarizing effects, and greater policy knowledge was associated with increased polarization. Further, the effect of partisan cues on normative perceptions mediated the e...
Teaching Competencies for Community Preceptors.

Background and objectives Although community physicians provide one-fourth of the outpatient training received in medical school, usually there is no formal training of the preceptor. Currently there is no agreed-upon list of teaching competencies for community physician-preceptors. Using a modified Delphi process, the authors aimed to identify core teaching competencies for community preceptors for use in training and evaluation. Methods A medical educator and three faculty members with expertise in faculty development created a list of teaching competencies organized in five domains. These competencies were finalized through a multiround modified Delphi technique with key stakeholder groups including (1) nonphysician medical educators, (2) academic physicians involved in faculty development, (3) community physicians who regularly precept medical students, (4) family medicine residents, (5) third-year medical students in a 9-month-long longitudinal clerkship. Proposed competencies were retained if 70% of the participants ranked it as "very or extremely important." Results In the first round, 24 competencies were evaluated by 40 physician preceptors participating in a rural faculty development conference. These were refined, and four additional competencies were added by the cohort. Subsequent rounds utilized a survey approach with broader audiences resulting in a final list of 21 competencies in five domains. Conclusions Five competency domains with 21 teaching competencies can now be used to guide community preceptors' training and evaluation.
Transcriptome Analysis of Metal-Reducing Bacteria

This chapter focuses on transcriptomic studies in the more well-studied systems of metal-reducing bacteria represented by Shewanella, Geobacter and Desulfovibrio that have both genome sequence data and postgenomic tools available. This review compares available data for more commonly studied bacteria that can transfer electrons to different metals in the context of carbon flow, electron flow, oxidative stress, and physiological states of the cell. A goal of the comparison is to identify similarities and differences in molecular mechanisms used by different metal-reducing bacteria to interact with metals and thus optimize their metabolism accordingly in order to tolerate “stressful” substrates. Microarrays have been a powerful tool for monitoring dynamic gene expression under various conditions and have been widely used for genome-wide transcriptional analyses in microorganisms. One important aspect to consider when investigating the metal-reduction mechanisms within a given species is the organization of vectoral electron transport. Transcriptome analysis indicated that increased oxygen levels upexpressed genes involved in cell-cell and cell-surface interactions, and the aggregated cells also upexpressed genes associated with anaerobic growth. Based upon the many different transcriptomic studies of stress and growth responses in three model metal-reducing bacteria, some similarities and differences can be discerned. Metal-reducing bacterias contain genes with homology to typical metalresponsive regulators. However, more work is needed to elucidate the respective regulatory networks for these regulators in anaerobic microorganisms and how the regulatory networks are coordinated.
Research on a peak-cutting and valley-filling Optimal Algorithm Based on Communication Power Supply

In this paper, the optimal strategy of peak-shaving and valley-filling function used in telecommunication power supply is studied, and a peak-shaving and valley-filling income model with the highest daily income as the goal is proposed, and the problem is solved by particle swarm optimization. According to whether the battery capacity is fixed or not, the model is divided into two kinds: one is that the battery configuration is determined, and the discharge depth of the battery with the highest profit can be obtained; the other is that the battery is uncertain and the capacity of the battery with the highest profit can be obtained. Taking a site in Beijing as an example, it is found that the daily income of the first type of battery is basically negative, so it is not suitable to turn on the peak-cutting and valley-filling function. The second type of battery has a large daily positive income and is suitable to use the peak-cutting and valley-filling function. The results show that the model provides meaningful guidance for site configuration.
UNIT A11.2 Cardiac Masses

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be indicated in patients who have poor acoustic windows or in whom lesions are incompletely characterized by echocardiography. This unit presents a basic technique for evaluating cardiac masses, with optional contrast-enhanced sequences for specific indications. The parameters are based on experience on a Siemens 1.5 T Vision or Symphony and should be altered accordingly for different field strengths and machines from different manufacturers.
Symbiosis Comes of Age at the 10th Biennial Meeting of Wolbachia Researchers

ABSTRACT Wolbachia pipientis is an alphaproteobacterial obligate intracellular microbe and arguably the most successful infection on our planet, colonizing 40% to 60% of insect species. Wolbachia spp. are also present in most, but not all, filarial nematodes, where they are obligate mutualists and are the targets for antifilarial drug discovery. Although Wolbachia spp. are related to important human pathogens, they do not infect mammals but instead are well known for their reproductive manipulations of insect populations, inducing the following phenotypes: male killing, feminization, parthenogenesis induction, and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). The most common of these, CI, results in a sperm-egg incompatibility and increases the relative fecundity of infected females in a population. In the last decade, Wolbachia spp. have also been shown to provide a benefit to insects, where the infection can inhibit RNA virus replication within the host. Wolbachia spp. cannot be cultivated outside host cells, and no genetic tools are available in the symbiont, limiting approaches available for their study. This means that many questions fundamental to our understanding of Wolbachia basic biology remained unknown for decades. The 10th biennial international Wolbachia conference, Wolbachia Evolution, Ecology, Genomics and Cell Biology: A Chronicle of the Most Ubiquitous Symbiont, was held on 17 to 22 June 2018 in Salem, MA. In this review, we highlight the new science presented at the meeting, link it to prior efforts to answer these questions across the Wolbachia genus, and present the importance of these findings to the field of symbiosis. The topics covered in this review are based on the presentations at the conference.
RNA sequencing reveals novel macrophage transcriptome favoring neurovascular plasticity after ischemic stroke.

Blood monocytes/macrophages infiltrate the brain after ischemic stroke and critically influence brain injury and regeneration. We investigated stroke-induced transcriptomic changes of monocytes/mac...
Parental role in decision-making for pediatric surgery: Perceptions of involvement in consultations for tonsillectomy.

Abstract Objective Parental role in decision-making has implications for quality of care. We describe roles of parent participation in decision-making for tonsillectomy. Methods Parents reported preferred role in decision-making before consultations for tonsillectomy and the role they experienced after their consult. Parents completed questionnaires, including items evaluating clinician/parent communication. Clinicians rated perception of parents’ preferred role in decision-making. Congruence between parent and clinician responses was evaluated via kappa analysis. Logistic regression identified associations between decision-making roles and socioemotional and communication factors. Results Consults between 63 parents and 8 otolaryngologists were analyzed.There was inadequate agreement between clinician and parent ratings of preferred roles (37%, p = 0.6, 95% CI [-0.09, 0.001]). Parents perceived greater involvement when clinicians discussed reasons to have (OR = 4.3, p = 0.03) or not have (OR = 4.1, p = 0.005) surgery. Parents perceived less involvement when clinicians used jargon (OR = 0.1, p = 0.03), and when parents trusted clinicians (OR = 0.4, p = 0.049), or experienced greater decisional conflict (OR = 0.9, p = 0.03). Conclusions Parents and clinicians perceived parental preference for decision-making involvement differently during consultations for tonsillectomy. Clinician information-sharing, jargon use, and parent trust in clinician predicted extent of perceived engagement. Practice implications Findings may enhance understanding of strategies to effectively communicate and engage parents in shared decision-making for pediatric surgical care.
Does spiritual and religious orientation impact the clinical practice of healthcare providers

The objective of the current study was to assess the religious and spiritual (R&S) beliefs and practices among healthcare providers, compare R&S among provider types, as well as examine the potenti...
When Conflicts Polarize Communities: Designing Localized Offices That Intervene Collaboratively

In polarized conflicts, such as that recently experienced by Ferguson, Missouri, experienced state and local intervenors can help a community develop processes to address its problems more effectively and peacefully. Localized offices of intervenors do not replace the need public officials to make decisions about the problems at the heart the conflict or the need for police to keep order. Still, when experienced and organized effectively, state and local intervenors can give immediate and trusted counsel to local officials, help them understand the value of bringing in the U.S. Department of Justice Community Relations Service (CRS) intervenors, augment CRS intervenors, and take on CRS’s role when it cannot be there. In addition, state and local intervenors stay on to re-build relationships, help the community create structures to solve the problem illuminated by the incident, and sow seeds to prevent future issues from polarizing the community. The article suggests three questions for those designing such a state or local office: (1) Will public officials make the decisions about when and how to intervene and will they do so informed by experts who can assess the feasibility of intervening? (2) Will the office offer a hospitable work climate and culture for the intervenors as well as a workable approach to accountability to funders that does not undermine creation of a hospitable climate and culture? (3) Will the office appropriately balance the sometimes conflicting needs to engender trust and engagement in the midst of an emotional and divided community, protect the administering agency’s other roles, and respond to the changing needs for resources?
Advanced Pediatric Emergency Airway Management: A Multimodality Curriculum Addressing a Rare but Critical Procedure

Introduction Advanced airway management in pediatrics is a rare, high stakes skillset. Developing proficiency in these skills is paramount, albeit challenging. Providers require innovative approach...
Effects of Neurological Disorders on Bone Health

Neurological diseases, particularly in the context of aging, have serious impacts on quality of life and can negatively affect bone health. The brain-bone axis is critically important for skeletal metabolism, sensory innervation, and endocrine cross-talk between these organs. This review discusses current evidence for the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which various neurological disease categories, including autoimmune, developmental, dementia-related, movement, neuromuscular, stroke, trauma, and psychological, impart changes in bone homeostasis and mass, as well as fracture risk. Likewise, how bone may affect neurological function is discussed. Gaining a better understanding of brain-bone interactions, particularly in patients with underlying neurological disorders, may lead to development of novel therapies and discovery of shared risk factors, as well as highlight the need for broad, whole-health clinical approaches toward treatment.
The role of compassion in ethical frameworks and medical practice

Medicine has made great strides with advances in technology and outcomes. However, compassion is an element that often is missing from medical care and ethics. The paper discusses why compassion is...
Mini-review: The therapeutic role of cannabinoids in neuroHIV

In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is considered a chronic disease with an inflammatory component that specifically targets the brain and causes a high prevalence of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has attracted interest as a target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, due to the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids, including its potential therapeutic use in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the structural and functional changes of the eCB system under conditions of HAND. This will be followed by summarizing the current clinical and preclinical findings on the effects of cannabis use and cannabinoids in the context of HIV-1 infection, with specifically focusing on viral load, cognition, inflammation, and neuroprotection. Lastly, we present some potential future directions to better understand the involvement of the eCB system and the role that cannabis use and cannabinoids play in neuroHIV.
Scaffolding High-Impact Practices for Asian Studies and the Environment

Support from the Henry Luce Foundation allowed a team of Centre College faculty to develop multiple integrated programs connecting the study of Asia to the environment: the Centre Summer Language Institute (CSLI), the Asia & the Environment Lab (A&E Lab), January term courses abroad, student summer research and internships abroad, and student dissemination of research. Each of these high-impact practices (HIPs) alone has been empirically demonstrated to enrich student experiences, but when linked in succession through a scaffolded framework, student learning was synergistically magnified. The personal growth, academic interests, and career trajectory of students who completed all stages of the scaffolded program were profoundly transformed. These experiences took place over a nearly 2-year period, culminating in the dissemination of student experiences to a national academic audience. We describe the guiding principles, programmatic structure, local and international partnerships, and challenges and successes of implementing our program of scaffolded HIPs. Throughout, we also share key feedback of those students who completed most or all of the full suite of scaffolded experiences.
Increases in Frequent Vaping of Cannabis Among High School Seniors in the United States, 2018–2019

Abstract Purpose Studies have examined trends in cannabis vaping, but research is needed to examine trends in more frequent use as this may increase risk for adverse health outcomes. Methods Data were from 12,561 high school seniors participating in the Monitoring the Future national study. Prevalence of self-reported frequent vaping of cannabis (defined as using ≥10 times in the past month) was compared between 2018 and 2019 cohorts. Results Frequent vaping of cannabis significantly increased from 2.1% to 4.9%, a 131.4% increase. This increase was larger than the increase for any vaping of cannabis (which increased 85.9%). Notable significant increases occurred among students aged ≥18 years (a 154.9% increase), female students (a 183.5% increase), those who go out 4–7 evenings per week (a 163.0% increase), and those reporting past-year nonmedical prescription opioid use (a 184.7% increase). Conclusions Frequent vaping of cannabis is increasing among adolescents in the United States, particularly among selected subgroups.
The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership: Follow Them and People Will Follow You. (John Maxwell, 2007): by John C. Maxwell, Nashville, TN, 2007, 309 pp., Thomas Nelson Incorporated, Price $25.99, Hardcover ISBN-10 9780785288374

Most occupational therapy practitioners would probably agree that we are proud to march to the beat of our drum as a profession. With leaders as a pillar of our Vision 2025 (AOTA 2017), occupationa...
Stability of Plates under Partial Edge Loading

Solutions to plate stability problems involving rectangular plates under partial edge compression; 7 different load combinations are investigated for clamped and simply supported plates having height-to-width ratios of 1/3 to 3; results are presented in form of charts, with buckling coefficients plotted as function of plate shape for each loading case; cricital load is obtained by generating equations for varying load intensity and then finding intensity at which determinant of system is zero.
The Effect of Phosphorus and Sulfur on the Crack Susceptibility of Continuous Casting Steel

Based on the coupled macro-heat transfer and micro-segregation model for continuous casting wide-thick slab, the effect of phosphorus and sulfur on crack susceptibility was investigated from the peritectic reaction zone, the brittle temperature range, the thermal strain and the difference of deformation energy. The results show that the crack sensibility of continuous casting steel, especially the hypo-peritectic steel, intensifies with the improvement of phosphorus and sulfur in steel matrix. Compared with phosphorus, sulfur does a more powerful effect on the crack susceptibility of steel. The peritectic reaction zone, the brittle temperature range and the thermal strain are capable to characterize the influence of phosphorus and sulfur on the crack susceptibility of steel. However, the calculated difference of deformation energy decreases with increasing phosphorus and sulfur, which is inconsistent with the experiment results. Therefore the difference of deformation energy is inappropriate to be applied to characterize the impact of phosphorus and sulfur to crack susceptibility of steel.
Nature of the Bactericidal Action of Antimycin A for Bacillus megaterium

Marquis, Robert E. (University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.). Nature of the bactericidal action of antimycin A for Bacillus megaterium. J. Bacteriol. 89:1453–1459. 1965.—Antimycin A, a fungicidal antibiotic which specifically inhibits metabolic reduction of cytochrome c, was found to be lethal for Bacillus megaterium. However, the bactericidal action was correlated with a capacity of antimycin to hinder plasma-membrane functions other than cytochrome-mediated respiration. With conditions under which oxygen consumption was not appreciably depressed, antimycin almost completely inhibited concentrative uptake of both α-aminoisobutyrate and α-methylglucoside, and also caused death of cells. When present in amounts greater than those required for killing or for inhibition of nutrilite uptake, antimycin also induced extensive loss of inorganic phosphate and other substances from whole cells, inhibited aerobic respiration, and acted as a lytic agent for isolated protoplasts. The lytic potency of antimycin was greater, on a molar basis, than that of digitonin, hexachlorophene, polymyxin B, and all but one of a number of test detergents. Protoplasts concentrated antimycin primarily in or on the plasma membrane, and the refractive index of isolated protoplast membranes rose sharply as a result of antimycin binding. In all, antimycin-induced lysis appeared not to include dissolution of the protoplast membrane similar to that produced by dodecyl sulfate. Rather, the lytic process seemed more akin to that induced by cationic detergents or by polymyxin.
AN APPROACH TO A CRACK-INCLUSION INTERACTION PROBLEM

ABSTRACT The problem of a crack near an inclusion is treated using the restriction integral equation method. An approximation for elastic fields and the energy of interaction is obtained. Energy release rates relations are established.
The Hero as Artist in John Hawkes's Second Skin

John Hawkes is one of those writers concerned with the function of the artist as maker and inventor of perceived and desired worlds. As has been noted. often to excess by his critics, Hawkes delves into the world of dreams, nightmares, and violence in order to expose what he feels is an important aspect of human actuality. The exposure is not gratuitous. As Hawkes says in an interview, "I don't advocate crippling; I'm an opponent of torture. I deplore nightmare; I deplore terror. I happen to believe that it is only by travelling those dark tunnels, perhaps not literally but physically, that we can learn in any sense what it means to be compassionate.'" Whether it be the post-World War II desolation of a destroyed German town, the projected wasteland of the American West, the violent, orgiastic scene of a horserace in England, or the deathly, dark realm of an island in the Atlantic, Hawkes's landscapes serve to show in relief the working out, in an allegorical manner, of desire, violence, and the minimal possibilities of love. Hawkes has said that his writing contains "a quality of coldness, detachment, and ruthless determination to face up to the enormities of ugliness and potential failure within ourselves . . . and to bring to this experience a savage or saving comic spirit and the saving beauties of language.'" The power of language, with its "saving beauties," to encompass a world of violence and horror, thereby surpassing it and, in turn, defining a new world of the imagination, is the subject of Hawkes's fourth novel, Second Skin.
Life Care Center

Across the hall from the room where my sister may or may not be dying, there is a woman who moans help all day long. Should we help her? I eventually ask my parents. Help who? my father says. The woman who keeps saying help, my husband says. No, she doesn't need any help, my mother says. What lovely sunflowers, I say. What lovely orchids. How kind. Have you sanitized your hands? my mother says. You have to sanitize your hands.
The avidity of an antiserum to human FSH extracted from frozen pituitaries.

An antiserum to human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) prepared with highly purified FSH obtained from frozen pituitary glands has been examined with respect to its avidity. It was found that FSH contained in two human pituitary preparations and in a postmenopausal urinary extract was bound to a significantly greater degree by this antiserum than by an FSH antiserum distributed by the NIAMDD.
Southwestern U.S. tree-ring carbon isotope indices as a possible proxy for reconstruction of greenness of vegetation

[1] Southwestern U.S. pinyon tree-ring carbon-isotope indices showed promise two decades ago as an indicator of moisture and drought. However, because those isotopic indices were developed on 5-year ring groups rather than annual rings, the full extent of their effectiveness as environmental proxies was not established. Recent re-sampling of the sites and subsequent availability of annual isotopic indices for 1985 through 1999 has allowed us to more definitively characterize environmental relationships across 14 sites in six southwestern states. Principal component (PC) analysis reveals a significant positive relationship (p ≤ 0.02) between isotope indices and summer-season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a satellite-derived “greenness index”. Correlation and PC analysis also show a negative relationship of isotope indices with cumulative monthly precipitation (p ≤ 0.05) and confirm a strong positive relationship with Palmer Drought Index (especially spring and summer, p ≤ 0.0002). Although the drought and NDVI relationships are not as simply interconnected as hypothesized, the NDVI link reveals the potential of the existing multi-century record of isotope indices for long-term assessment of southwestern ecology and carbon cycling.
Task partitioning upon heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms

Given a collection of recurring tasks or processes that comprise the software for a real-time system, and a collection of available processing units of different kinds upon which to execute them, the heterogeneous multiprocessor partitioning problem is concerned with determining whether the given tasks can be partitioned among the available processing units in such a manner that all timing constraints are met. It is shown that this problem is intractable (NP-hard in the strong sense). Efficient implementations of sufficient (albeit not necessary) partitioning algorithms are presented, and proved correct.
Walking with Diogenes: Cosmopolitan Accents in Philosophy and Education

It is sometimes said, either irritably or with a certain satisfaction, that philosophy makes no progress. It is certainly true, and I think this is an abiding and not a regrettable characteristic of the discipline, that philosophy has in a sense to keep trying to return to the beginning: a thing which it is not at all easy to do. There is a two-way movement in philosophy, a movement toward the building of elaborate theories, and a move back again toward the consideration of simple and obvious facts. [J.M.E.] McTaggart says that time is unreal, [G.E.] Moore replies that he has just had his breakfast. Both these aspects of philosophy are necessary to it.
Biophysical, Biological, and Cytochemical Features of a Virus Associated with Transplantable Hamster Tumors

A virus resembling type C murine leukemia viruses, which is associated with transplantable hamster tumors, was partially characterized with respect to certain biological, biophysical, and cytochemical features. As determined by electron microscopy, high concentrations of the virus appeared in the blood plasmas of tumor-bearing hamsters. Hamsters inoculated with virus concentrates did not show gross evidence of disease, and preliminary attempts to infect various hamster cells in tissue culture were unsuccessful. A line of cells from a virus-containing tumor which had been established in tissue culture released large numbers of the virus into the supernatant fluids by budding. The buoyant density peak of virus concentrates in potassium tartrate density gradients was 1.13 g/cm(3) by ultraviolet absorption and electron microscopic analysis. Acridine orange staining and nuclease digestion methods have indicated that the virus is probably a ribonucleic acid virus.
The superconducting transition temperature of indium in porous glass

Abstract Measurements are presented of the superconducting transition temperature of indium in porous glass. The hydroxyl groups on the glass surface were replaced with Cl- and CH 3 O- before impregnation with indium; this treatment altered the dielectric constant and the transition temperature.
Response of the whole bladder‐urethra model (rabbit) to autonomic drugs

To investigate the function of the bladder-urethra as a continuous unit we set up an in vitro whole bladder-urethra model (rabbit). We were able to measure the intravesical pressure at which saline infused into the bladder emptied via the urethra (“opening pressure”). Methoxamine added to the bath caused a significant increase in opening pressure, whereas phentolamine caused a significant decrease in opening pressure compared to controls. Atropine had no effect on opening pressure in the absence or presence of methoxamine. Thus, it appears that the in vitro bladder-urethra unit has intrinsic alpha-adrenergic tone that is of sufficient force to maintain an intravesical pressure of 7.0 cm H2O, and that this tone is not influenced by antagonism with the anticholinergic agent atropine.
Growth Rate Consequences of Coloniality in a Harmful Phytoplankter

Background Allometric studies have shown that individual growth rate is inversely related to body size across a broad spectrum of organisms that vary greatly in size. Fewer studies have documented such patterns within species. No data exist directly documenting the influence of colony size on growth rate for microscopic, colonial organisms. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine if similar negative relationships between growth rate and size hold for colonial organisms, we developed a technique for measuring the growth of individual colonies of a bloom-forming, toxic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa using microscopy and digital image analysis. For five out of six genotypes of M. aeruginosa isolated from lakes in Michigan and Alabama, we found significant negative relationships between colony size and growth rate. We found large intraspecific variation in both the slope of these relationships and in the growth rate of colonies at a standard size. In addition, growth rate estimates for individual colonies were generally consistent with population growth rates measured using standard batch culture. Conclusions/Significance Given that colony size varies widely within populations, our results imply that natural populations of colonial phytoplankton exist as a mosaic of individuals with widely varying ecological attributes (since size strongly affects growth rate, grazing mortality, and migration speed). Quantifying the influence of colony size on growth rate will permit development of more accurate, predictive models of ecological interactions (e.g., competition, herbivory) and their role in the proliferation of harmful algal blooms, in addition to increasing our understanding about why these interactions vary in strength within and across environments.
Effects of Litter Size on Emotionality, Adrenocortical Reactivity, and Susceptibility to Gastric Erosions in the Rat

Rats reared in litters of 4 and 12 pups did not differ in emotional reactivity, but plasma corticosterone levels were higher in the animals reared in the larger litters. Under 6-hr. immobilization there were no differences in the incidence of gastric erosions, whereas under 18-hr. immobilization, the incidence of gastric erosions was greater in the animals reared in litters of 12. This was attributed to a decrease in susceptibiliry among the rats reared in the smaller sized litters.
Self-Regulation and School Readiness.

Research Findings: In this article, we review research on the relations of self-regulation and its dispositional substrate, effortful control, to variables involved in school success. First, we present a conceptual model in which the relation between self-regulation/effortful control and academic performance is mediated by low maladjustment and high-quality relationships with peers and teachers, as well as school engagement. Then we review research indicating that effortful control and related skills are indeed related to maladjustment, social skills, relationships with teachers and peers, school engagement, as well as academic performance. Practice or Policy: Initial findings are consistent with the view that self-regulatory capacities involved in effortful control are associated with the aforementioned variables; only limited evidence of mediated relations is currently available.
Overview of TIMED

The Thermosphere (DOT) Ionosphere (DOT) Mesosphere (DOT) Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) spacecraft being developed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is the first mission in NASA's Solar Connections program. TIMED is a low-cost mission aimed at providing a basic understanding of the least explored and least understood region of the earth's environment, the atmospheric band extending from 60 to 180 kilometers in altitude. The TIMED suite of instruments is intended to determine the temperature, density, and wind structure in the Mesosphere, Lower Thermosphere and Ionosphere (MLTI) region including seasonal and latitudinal variations. TIMED is also intended to determine the relative importance of radiative, chemical, electrodynamic, and dynamic sources and sinks of energy for the thermal structure of the MLTI. This paper provides an overview of the TIMED mission, discussing science objectives, mission architecture, spacecraft and ground system design, and the decoupled mission operations concept. The focus of this discussion will be on cost reduction efforts, especially those related to advanced technology. This paper also provides a brief introduction to the four TIMED instruments (GUVI, SABER, SEE, and TIDI) and develops a context for understanding their common design elements.
Endogenous protection and trade diversion

Traditional positive analysis of preferential trading areas has focused on the trade-offs between (beneficial) trade creation and (potentially harmful) trade diversion. We consider the latter phenomenon in the formation of a free-trade area (FTA) between countries where tariffs against non-members are set endogenously. We show that such tariffs will fall consequent to the formation of FTAs and trade diversion is likely to become trade creation. This is illustrated in a model in which tariffs are levied to maximize a political support function. We conclude with some comments on the generality of this result and directions for future research.
Freezing point and heating curve behavior for an organic reciprocal salt pair system

Abstract Binary and quasi-binary freezing point data have been obtained to establish the freezing point diagram for the ternary reciprocal salt pair system involving cyclohexylamine stearate, cyclohexylamine palmitate, 2,2'-dipyridylamine stearate, and 2,2'-dipyridylamine palmitate. The compositions and primary freezing points of the ternary peritectic and eutectic mixtures have been determined Apparent anomalies in the heating curves for selected compositions have been explained on the basis of the existence of metastable equilibria.
Application of Multiple Wells -Constrained Sparse Pulse Inversion Technology in Coalfield 3D Seismic Prospecting

Abstract The paper used logging data combined with 3D seismic data and interpretation results to carry out multiple well-constrained sparse-spike inversion .Layer of wave impedance corresponding to coal seam is determined by calibrating horizon, and then the thickness of the layer of wave impedance is derived and fitted to the coal seam thickness intersected by drilling, finally the distribution regularities of coal seam in 3-D seismic survey area is found out. Practices have verified that the method produces ideal effect.
Interactive effects of water hardness and humic acid on the chronic toxicity of cadmium to Daphnia pulex

Abstract The chronic toxicity of Cd was reduced by an increase in water hardness from 58 to 116 mg/l; a further increase in hardness to 230 mg/l, however, had no further effect on chronic Cd toxicity. The most consistent and sensitive index of chronic Cd stress was the abortion of young. Based on this index, 0.75 or 1.50 mg/l humic acid had no effect on the chronic toxicity of Cd in either the soft or medium-hard test-waters. This was also true for 0.75 mg/l humic acid in hard water; however, the addition of 1.5 mg/l humic acid to hard water resulted in an increase in the chronic toxicity of Cd. In conjunction with Cd exposures greater than the chronic no-effect concentration, the addition of either 0.75 or 1.50 mg humic acid per liter to water of any of the three hardnesses usually increased the mortality rate over a 42-day exposure period. The mechanism by which humic acid increases the abortion rate in hard water and increases mortality rate in soft, medium-hard and hard water is unknown.
Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and the Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Importance of Early Cultures in Establishing the Etiology

Fifty-two patients were studied prospectively to determine the etiology of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was isolated from 33 patients (63.4%). If stool obtained within 2 days of the onset of diarrhea was cultured for E. coli O157:H7, the recovery rate was 100%. This rate decreased to 91.7% and 33.3% if stool was cultured for this pathogen 3-6 or greater than or equal to 7 days, respectively, after diarrhea began. The culture-positive group was more likely to have had bloody diarrhea and fecal leukocytes and to have received transfusions than the culture-negative group but was otherwise similar in clinical characteristics. E. coli O157:H7 is the predominant pathogen associated with HUS in western Washington. Recovery of this pathogen is highly dependent on obtaining stool cultures within 6 days of onset of diarrhea.
Deficiency of dystrophin-associated proteins: A common mechanism leading to muscle cell necrosis in severe childhood muscular dystrophies

Dystrophin is a large cytoskeletal protein encoded by the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene. Dystrophin is associated with a large oligomeric complex of sarcolemmal glycoproteins, including the novel laminin-binding glycoprotein called dystroglycan, which provides a linkage to the extracellular matrix. In DMD, the absence of dystrophin leads to a drastic reduction in all of the dystrophin-associated proteins. In severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy with DMD-like phenotype (SCARMD), a specific deficiency of the 50 kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein is found. Thus, the disruption/dysfunction of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex due to the deficiency of one or more of the dystrophin-associated proteins is presumed to cause the disruption of the linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. This may render muscle cells susceptible to necrosis in two forms of severe childhood muscular dystrophy, DMD and SCARMD.
Respiration and thermal tolerance of the dungeness crab, Cancer magister dana

Abstract 1. 1. Routine and hyper-routine respiration and upper thermal tolerance were determined for Cancer magister in relation to acclimation temperatures 7.5 and 17.5°C. 2. 2. Crabs acclimated to 17.5°C showed temperature insensitivity between 7.5 to 17.5°C for routine respiration. 3. 3. Crabs acclimated to 7.5°C showed thermal sensitivity for all temperatures tested and an inverse acclimation pattern. 4. 4. Hyper-routine rates showed thermal insensitivity from 7.5 to 17.5°C for both acclimation conditions and conformity from 17.5 to 22.5°C. 5. 5. Thermal tolerance tests showed 17.5°C acclimated crabs resisted higher temperatures (33.5 °C) than 7.5°C acclimated crabs (32.0°C). 6. 6. No relationship was shown between death temperature and crab size.
Recurrent genetic alterations in hepatitis C-associated hepatocellular carcinoma detected by genomic microarray: a genetic, clinical and pathological correlation study

In the US, approximately 50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is caused by hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection. The molecular mechanism of a malignant transformation of hepatocyte induced by HCV infection is still largely unclear. There are several clinical and pathological staging systems for HCC, but none of them include biological parameters as predictors for prognosis and there has not been a standardized molecular classification of HCC. To understand the underlying pathogenic genetic alterations in HCV-associated HCC and aid in molecular classification of HCC and patient prognosis, microarray analysis of DNA copy number alterations in HCC were conducted using whole genome microarray with DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of both cancer tissues and paired nearby cirrhotic non-neoplastic tissues. Our results show that the most common chromosomal aberrations (>5 Mb) observed in HCC were chromosomal gains of 1q (80%), 8q (60%), 7q (40%), 5p (33%), 7p (33%), Xq (33%), 5q (27%), and Xp (20%), as well as chromosome losses of 17p (40%), 4q21.21-q26 (33%), 8p (33%), 1p36.11-pter (20%), and 9p (20%). Statistically significant smaller copy number alterations (3.9 kb to 644 kb) were identified using STAC algorithm, including losses of FGFR3, RECQL4, NOTCH1, PTEN, TSC2, and/or ASPSCR1 and gains of ETV1 and/or MAF. Correlation analysis between genetic data and pathological data showed that gain of 1q21.1-q23.2 and gain of 8q11.1q13.1 are significantly associated with grade 2–4 and moderately or poorly differentiated HCCs, and gain of chromosome 5q was significantly associated with HCCs with vascular invasion, while gain of chromosome 7q is significantly associated with stage I HCCs. This study has provided a detailed map of genomic aberrations occurring in HCV-associated HCC and has suggested candidate genes. In addition, gene enrichment analysis on the recurrent abnormal regions indicated NF- kappaB and BMP signaling pathways in HCC development and progression. This study demonstrated that genomic microarray test can be used to distinguish HCC from non- neoplastic cirrhotic nodules and to identify prognostic factors associated with HCC progression using pathologically characterized FFPE samples. Our data support the utility of genomic microarray test for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and pathogenic studies of HCC.