cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yeast precursor ribosomal RNA: Molecular cloning and probing the higher-order structure of the internal transcribed spacer I by kethoxal and dimethylsulfate modification

Plasmids were constructed in which a HindIII fragment of rDNA (6.4 x 10(3) base-pairs) was inserted into vectors pGEM-1 and 2 in both orientations. The DNA insert encoded the yeast 35 S precursor rRNA beginning 180 bases upstream from the 5' end of the mature 18 S rRNA and ending 289 bases beyond the 3' end of the mature 25 S rRNA. The precursor rRNA molecules produced in vitro consisted of 6430 nucleotides, with about 15 residues derived from the Gemini vector on both ends. The general extent of secondary structure of the precursor rRNA was examined by ethidium fluorescence and compared to that of the mature rRNAs. Both precursor and mature rRNAs responded similarly to changes in magnesium ion concentration and to digestion by cobra venom and T1 ribonucleases. The higher-order structure of the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) region of the 35 S rRNA molecule was further examined by kethoxal and dimethylsulfate modifications and primer extension. Accessible adenine and guanine residues were located by primer extension analysis with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. On the basis of experimental data and computer-generated structures, a secondary structure model was proposed for the ITS-1 region. In this model, six hairpin stems involving adjacent nucleotides are present. A long-range interaction between nucleotides at the middle of the ITS-1 region and an, as yet, unidentified sequence located at another region of the precursor rRNA is suggested also. A candidate for this interacting sequence is that previously proposed, on a theoretical basis, to be involved in the removal of the precursor 18 S rRNA species for 35 S precursor molecule.
When a little “group interest” goes a long way: A note on social motives and union joining

Abstract The consequences of social motives (a linear combination of economic self-interest and group interest) on union joining are examined and rather weak conditions are described which guarantee joining.
An Experimental Attempt to Produce Lymphomatosis in Chickens by Injections with Salmonella aertrycke and Lymphomatosis Nerve Tissue, with Observations on the Blood Pictures of the Chickens

Abstract THIS paper is a report of a single experiment, the purpose of which was to seek confirmation of Emmel’s conception of the etiology and nature of avian lymphomatosis. This investigator concluded (1935, 1936a, 1936b, 1936c, 1937) that neurolymphomatosis or paralysis of chickens is primarily an infection with Salmonella aertrycke or other members of the Salmonella group of bacteria and is manifested first by the appearance of hemocytoblasts in the peripheral blood, which may be followed by a return of the blood picture to normal or by progressive changes leading to the development of some form of lymphomatosis or to myeloid or erythroleucosis. THE EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Forty-eight White Leghorn chicks, 47 days old, obtained from the division of poultry husbandry and reared in battery brooders, were divided into four equal groups, each of which was placed in a separate isolation unit and treated as follows: Group 1: Each chicken received an . . .
Multiplet Fine Structure of the Gd and Tb 5P Levels

Fine structure is observed in the photoemission of Gd and Tb 5p levels as a result of multiplet splitting. These splittings are the consequence of different J final states that occur as a result of interactions with partly filled 4f and/or 5d levels.
Deletion of the β2-adrenergic receptor prevents the development of cardiomyopathy in mice.

Aims Beta adrenergic receptor (β-AR) subtypes act through diverse signaling cascades to modulate cardiac function and remodeling. Previous in vitro studies suggest that β1-AR signaling is cardiotoxic whereas β2-AR signaling is cardioprotective, and may be the case during ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. The objective of this study was to assess whether β2-ARs also played a cardioprotective role in the pathogenesis of non-ischemic forms of cardiomyopathy.
Ferroelectric liquid-crystal-based binary optical memory employing feedback

A two-dimensional bit-oriented refreshing optical memory that is loosely based on the design of an electronic flip-flop is presented. The test system consisted of two amorphous-silicon liquid-crystal optically addressed spatial light modulators placed into an inverting configuration to provide a stable refreshable memory element. A description of the optically addressed spatial light modulator device and its operation is presented. The optical design of the memory with the optically addressed spatial light modulator is described, and timing and component requirements are delineated. The results and analysis of testing for a one-pixel memory system are reported. The expected requirements and limitations of a multipixel system are discussed.
Characteristics, therapies, and outcome of children with necrotizing soft tissue infections.

Objectives Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are uncommon but potentially lethal infections that are well described in adults. Little is known about pediatric patients with NSTI. We sought to examine patients' characteristics, infection characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of children with NSTIs using a large multicenter pediatric database. Study design The Pediatric Health Information System database was used to examine demographics, diagnoses, procedures, medications, hospital charges, and outcomes of pediatric patients with NSTI during a 5-year period. Results A total of 334 patients with NSTI were identified. Times from admission to initial amputations and reconstructive surgeries were similar between the 2 groups, but nonsurvivors had a longer time from admission to their first debridement (median, 2 vs. 1 day, P = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, no other significant risk factors for increased mortality were identified, although increased age (P = 0.10), noncommercial insurance (P = 0.12), and use of corticosteroid therapy (P = 0.06) showed trends toward increased mortality. Diagnoses of streptococcal (P = 0.03) or staphylococcal infection (P = 0.03) were associated with a lower mortality on multivariate analysis. Conclusions NSTIs are a rare but significant diseases in children. It seems that, as in the adult population, prompt surgical debridement is the most important intervention. Corticosteroid therapy may be associated with a worse prognosis.
An Examination of the Median Voter Hypothesis

VO VER 100 YEARS ago Scottish historian Alexander Tytler wrote that in a democracy, "the majority always votes for the candidate promising the most benefits from the public treasury .. ." (Tytler 1840). His conclusion still captures the interest of many scholars. For instance, in recent years the general theme of Tytler's statement has been advanced as an explanation for such varied phenomena as the collapse of democracies and government growth (Buchanan and Tullock 1962; Musgrave and Musgrave 1969; Brittan 1975). But perhaps the best known use of the Scotsman's conclusion has been as an explanation for the increased efforts by governments in democracies to redistribute societal resources from the better off to the less advan-
Molecular structures and vibrational spectra of selenoformaldehyde and its thio- and oxo-analogs by ab initio post-Hartree—Fock study

Abstract Ab initio post-Hartree—Fock calculations were carried out on H 2 CSe, H 2 CS and H 2 CO. Equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies and integrated intensities were calculated at the MP2 level using valence double-zeta (d, p) basis set on H, C, O and S, and Huzinaga valence triple-zeta (d) basis set on selenium, respectively. Predicted geometrical parameters, dipole moments and vibrational frequencies compare well with the available experimental data. The harmonic vibrational frequencies ν 1 and ν 5 calculated for selenoformaldehyde which are still experimentally elusive may be helpful in further experimental studies on this species.
A non-contact technique for measuring eccrine sweat gland activity using passive thermal imaging.

Abstract An approach for monitoring eccrine sweat gland activity using high resolution Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) imaging (3–5 μm wave band) is described. This technique is non-contact, passive, and provides high temporal and spatial resolution. Pore activity was monitored on the face and on the volar surfaces of the distal and medial phalanges of the index and middle fingers while participants performed a series of six deep inhalation and exhalation exercises. Two metrics called the Pore Activation Index (PAI) and Pore Count (PC) were defined as size-weighted and unweighted measures of active sweat gland counts respectively. PAI transient responses on the finger tips were found to be positively correlated to Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs). PAI responses were also observed on the face, although the finger sites appeared to be more responsive. Results indicate that thermal imaging of the pore response may provide a useful, non-contact, correlate measure for electrodermal responses recorded from related sites.
A numerical and experimental study of the bistable-unstable transition in pressurized flexible disk files

The bistable operating region of flexible disk files is limited at decreasing air flow rates by a transition at which undesirable gaps appear in the otherwise uniformly spaced disks of the pack. These spontaneous gaps, as opposed to the externally controlled gaps of the bistable range, are a consequence of local air flow fields at the outer edge of the disks. Experiments with external shrouds of various clearance showed axial periodicity in the occurrence of the gaps and provided physical insight which led to quantitative numerical solution of the nonlinear fluid equations. Two scales of the flow, i.e., the flow between individual disks and a peripheral unstable Couette flow, are found to couple in such a manner as to delineate the transition.
Detection of heat-mass transfer regime transitions in the active layer using fractal geometric parameters

Abstract Hourly time series of temperature and a surrogate measure of the soil water ionic (solute) concentration were obtained in the upper 50 cm at a site in central Alaska from August 1991 through May 1992. The site is located over a body of permafrost. A strong “zero curtain” develops in winter and persists for three months; maintenance of this isothermal layer is associated with water advection and vapor movement within the unfrozen zone. Warming of the active layer in spring occurs nearly instantaneously and results from infiltration of snowpack meltwater. Analysis of the time series is facilitated by use of spectral techniques. Fourier transform yields variance spectra from which fractal geometric parameters are calculated. Variations in the time- and depth-dependent fractal parameters are related to dominant heat-transfer regimes determined from previous analyses. The time series were also analyzed using Hurst rescaling. Rescaled trace minima and maxima, taken from the top, middle, and base of the active layer, self-model transitions in seasonal heat-mass transfer mechanisms. The Hurst Exponent, calculated from thermal and solute time series, exhibits process-dependent patterns. In theory, the fractal dimension and Hurst Exponent are linearly related. However, when the fractal dimension is calculated using the variance spectra method, the relationship is not linear as anticipated.
Body mass index, asthma and exhaled nitric oxide in U.S. adults, 2007-2010.

AbstractObjective: Increases in asthma and obesity over the past three decades have led to speculation about a causal link between the two diseases. However, investigations of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) – a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation – have produced mixed results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), asthma and FeNO in a sample of U.S. adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) for 2007–2010. Methods: We assessed the relationship between FeNO and BMI in subjects with and without asthma using categorical and continuous models for BMI. All models controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, household income-to-poverty ratio, atopy and current smoking. Results: Adjusted asthma prevalence was positively associated with BMI, and subjects with asthma had higher adjusted FeNO levels than subjects without asthma. However, no association between Fe...
Dynamic vagal control of atrial-ventricular condition: theoretical and experimental studies.

The dynamic effects of vagal stimulation on atrial-ventricular conduction were studied with paced canine hearts under β-adrenergic blockade. An analog/hybrid computer was used to precisely control the intensity and timing of a vagal stimulus burst given to the cervical vagosympathetic trunk, and to measure the atrial-ventricular response. On-line digital techniques were used to generate a composite “vagal effect curve” which is a dynamic representation of nerve-ending process dynamics. It was clearly seen that the magnitude of the AV conduction response is critically dependent upon the time in the cardiac cycle at which the vagal stimulus is given. A functionally isomorphic mathematical model, consisting of independent but coupled AV nodal and vagal-acetylcholine subsystems, was derived and used to simulate and predict the specific characteristics of a variety of vagal effect curves. These predictions were subsequently confirmed under experimental conditions. For example, the peak amplitude of an experimental vagal effect curve increases with increasing vagal stimulus intensity in the precise nonlinear fashion predicted by the model. It was further concluded that certain changes in the shape characteristics of vagal effect curves are more likely related to changes in the state of the AV node itself, rather than to changes in the processes which govern the release, diffusion, and inactivation of acetylcholine. It was also demonstrated for the AV node that the time course of a vagal effect curve need not exactly coincide with the computed time course of ACh concentration at the affected nodal cell membrane, as has been assumed previously for the SA node.
Evaluation of a Sequential Egg Mass Sampling System for Predicting Second-Generation Damage by European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Field Corn in North Carolina

A sequential egg mass sampling plan was developed for prediction of stalk tunneling damage by 2nd-generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in field corn in eastern North Carolina. The plan was based on a critical density constructed from a linear relationship between egg mass numbers and subsequent stalk tunnel numbers ; the sampling unit consisted of 5 leaves on 10 consecutive plants. Decision lines were constructed using the mean crowding-mean method developed by Iwao (1975). The plan was evaluated through computer simulations and comparison with field data. Average sample number and operating characteristic curves for a range of thresholds are estimated. The expected costs and feasibility of scouting for European corn borer under various economic conditions are examined.
Poor working memory and reduced blood pressure levels in concurrent users of khat and tobacco.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent in which concurrent use of khat and tobacco was associated with decrements in working memory. We also tested whether cardiovascular activity during a cognitive task was related to performance outcomes, as research has shown linkages between maladaptive physiological adjustments and cognitive functions.
Hepatic accumulation of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.

Concomitant intravenous administration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and [3H]vitamin D3 to vitamin D-depleted rats did not affect the conversion of [3H]vitamin D3 to 25-OH-[3H]vitamin D3 as indicated by a serum 25-OH-[3H]vitamin D3 content at 3 and 24 h identical to those observed in animals receiving [3H]vitamin D3 alone. Similarly, pre-dosing with 25-OH vitamin D3 24 h earlier did not affect the conversion. Co-administration to vitamin D depleted rats of vitamin D2 or D3, at 200-fold higher doses than a control group receiving tracer [3H]vitamin D3 alone, resulted in serum 25-OH vitamin D levels that were 15–20 fold higher than the control, indicating a similar metabolic fate for synthetic and natural vitamin D in rats and the ability of increased substrate to overwhelm hepatic constraints on 25-OH vitamin D production. Following intravenous administration of 25-OH-[3H]vitamin D3 to vitamin D depleted rats, hepatic 3H content decreased in parallel with serum radioactivity. Hepatic accumulation of intravenously administered vitamin D3 ([14C]vitamin D3) alone or with 25-OH-[3H]vitamin D3, by vitamin D-depleted rats revealed a marked preference for vitamin D3; the hepatic accumulation of [14C]vitamin D3 increased to 35% of the dose by 45 min, at which time 25-OH-[3H]vitamin D3 hepatic content was 7-fold less, and decreasing. Chromatography of extracts of hepatic subcellular fractions revealed more [14C]vitamin D3 than 25-OH-[3H]vitamin D3 in the microsomes, the reported site of calciferol 25-hydroxylase. Circulating 25-OH vitamin D, therefore, has comparatively minimal potential for hepatic accumulation. Product inhibition of the calciferol 25-hydroxylase must, therefore, result from recently synthesized hepatic 25-OH vitamin D, and is not affected by exogenous 25-OH vitamin D3.
Curriculum bias in standardized tests of reading decoding

Abstract This study examined overlap between four basal reading programs and the phonetic analysis subtest of three standardized achievement measures. Raw scores, percentages of items correct, grade equivalents, and percentile scores were computed for a hypothetical student who had mastered all grapheme-phoneme correspondences taught at each grade level. The results indicated that (a) programs differed in the number and sequence of phonics skills taught; (b) percentile and grade-equivalent scores differed across programs at each grade level for a given test; and (c) the proportion of grade-equivalent scores falling at or above expected grade levels differed across tests for a given program (range of 29%–71%). The implications for selecting and interpreting standardized measures of reading decoding are discussed.
Cytospin-Enhanced Immunofluorescence and Impact of Sample Quality on Detection of Novel Swine Origin (H1N1) Influenza Virus

Nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 601) from 278 adult and 323 pediatric patients were tested within 24 h of receipt by cytospin-enhanced direct immunofluorescence antibody testing (DFA) and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using the CDC assay. Cytospin-enhanced DFA detected 230 (84.6%) of 272 swine influenza A PCR-positive results overall but 25 (92.6%) of 27 positive results in patients less than 5 years old and 208 (96.7%) of 215 positive samples with cycle threshold values of <26.
Surgery and Surgical Education on the Pacific Coast in the 19th Century

• This address is dedicated to Lyman A. Brewer III, MD—elegant, eloquent Pacific Coast Surgical Association recorder, president, and historian. Dr Brewer spent most of his 38 membership-years in the Pacific Coast Surgical Association on the Council with 9 years as recorder, 3 years as president-elect, president, and past president, and 10 years as historian. He was a brilliant, energetic leader and his two-volume History of the Pacific Coast Surgical Association stands as a monument to his deep interest and editorial skills. His enthusiasm for discovering and recording historical surgical facts was contagious, and it certainly was a strong factor in my selection of the topic for this address. ( Arch Surg . 1991;126:1180-1185)
A call for nanoscience education

Can education in nanoscale science and technology help to spark the interest of a new generation of scientists and engineers?
Concentration of enzyme-dependent activation of PLC-β1 and PLC-β2 by Gα11 and βγ-subunits

Abstract Differential regulation of PLC-β1 and −β2 by the G-protein α-subunit, Gα11, and by G-protein βγ-subunits was studied utilizing recombinant PLC-β1 and −β2. Rat PLC-β1 and human PLC-β2 were purified after recombinant baculovirus-mediated expression in Sf9 cells. The catalytic properties of the purified recombinant isoenzymes were directly compared to PLC-β1 purified from bovine brain and PLC-β2 partially purified from HL60 polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The recombinant isoenzymes were indistinguishable from the native isoenzymes with respect to dependence of reaction velocity on bulk PtdIns(4,5)P2 substrate concentration, pH, and free Ca2+ concentration. Marked AlF4t--dependent activation was observed upon reconstitution of rPLC-β1 with the G-protein α-subunit, Gα11. Activation occurred with a concentration dependence on Gα11 for activation and elevation in reaction velocity that was similar to that of native PLC-β1. In contrast, Gα11 promoted only a small elevation in the catalytic rate of recombinant PLC-β2, which was also typical of the native isoenzyme. Maximal reaction rates with respect to PLC-β isoenzyme concentration were achieved and indicated that rPLC-β2 required 10-fold greater concentrations of both Gα11 and of rPLC-β2 for activation than did rPLC-β1. rPLC-β1 and rPLC-β2 were also differentially regulated by βγ-subunits. This differential activation was not the result of different concentration dependencies on βγ-subunit for activation, but rather, the result of the greater degree to which the catalytic rate of PLC-β2 was elevated by βγ-subunits when compared to PLC-β1.
The community integration questionnaire revisited: An assessment of factor structure and validity

Abstract Objective: To investigate the factor structure and concurrent validity of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), using a large sample of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on CIQ items completed through interview with patients at 1 year after injury. Correlational analyses compared CIQ scores to scores on other widely used outcome measures. Setting: Outpatient clinics affiliated with four TBI Model System rehabilitation centers funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. Participants: Three hundred twelve patients with medically documented TBI who were enrolled in the TBI Model Systems Project. The majority of patients were Caucasian males with severe TBI. Main Outcome Measures: CIQ; Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Functional Assessment Measure (FAM); Disability Rating Scale (DRS). Results: Three factors emerged: Home Competency, Social Integration, and Productive Activity. The financial management item was moved from Social Integration to Home Competency, and the travel item was moved from Productive Activity to Social Integration. Each CIQ scale score showed significant correlations in the expected direction with the FIM+FAM and DRS items. Conclusions: The results provide further evidence for the validity of the CIQ and improve the scoring system. The factor structure is clinically and theoretically meaningful. The subscale and total scores show significant relationships with other widely used measures of outcome. Future research should focus on increasing the range of questions, accounting for changes from preinjury functioning, and obtaining normative data on the new factors.
TELNET: the mother of all (application) protocols

Telnet's true value is not the abstraction of how-to-wire-terminals-to-hosts (standardizing connections); instead, it's the abstraction of terminals (standardizing endpoints). Telnet's application-level semantics are captured in its external interface, the Network Virtual Terminal. Its internal interfaces have close ties to TCP transport facilities, an option negotiation scheme, and symmetric treatment of client and server roles. Notice that none of these three internal functions has any bearing on remote-login, the most popular application of Telnet. Instead, in considering Telnet against the taxonomic criteria set forth previously, we need to separate Telnet from the services it can access. That helps highlight the enduring lessons of Telnet for future seventh-layer protocol designers.
Natural history of posterobasal left ventricular aneurysm.

Abstract The data from 2,500 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were reviewed to detect the presence of a posterobasal left ventricular (LV) aneurysm. An aneurysm was defined as a localized mural protrusion that extended beyond the LV contour during both systole and diastole. 1,2 In all cases, left ventriculography was performed in the 30 degree right anterior oblique position. The area over the left ventricle exclusively at the aneurysm and the area of the aneurysm were determined planimetrically (Figure 1). The ratio of aneurysm area to total LV area was used as an index of aneurysm size; it was estimated for both systole and diastole. The length of the longitudinal chord at the connection of the aneurysm to the left ventricle was compared with the largest similar cord of the aneurysm, per se. The smallest LV size was considered systole and the largest LV area usually simultaneous with the peak of the R wave on the electrocardiogram over the cine trace was considered diastolic LV area.
Determinants of plasma total homocysteine levels in Korean chronic renal transplant recipients

Abstract Objective: Study the determinants of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, such as fasting levels of serum creatinine (SCr), albumin, plasma tHcy, folate, B 12 , and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) in chronic Korean renal transplant recipients (RTR). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nephrology & Transplant Service in Catholic University Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Participants: Ninety-one chronic Korean RTR with stable renal function who were ≥6 months post-transplant. Measures: Used medical record review and anthropometric measurements, and overnight (10 to 14 hours) fasting blood samples were measured for plasma tHcy, PLP, folate, B 12 , SCr, and albumin. Results: The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (tHcy > 12 μmol/L) was 56%, and 47% had low plasma folate levels ( P P = .001), and B 12 (R = −0.149, marginal, P = .08) were independent determinants of fasting tHcy levels in this patient population. Conclusion: Renal function is the major independent determinant of the fasting tHcy levels among chronic, stable Korean RTR, and that B-vitamin status plays a secondary role among such patients.
SU‐GG‐T‐31: Inverse Planning Simulated Annealing [IPSA] Optimization Versus Manual Optimization in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Using Ir‐192 High Dose Rate Brachytherapy

Purpose: Traditionally the dose distribution in the high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy of the prostate is optimized using algorithms based on forward planning approaches, such as dose‐pointoptimization, geometric optimization and graphic optimization. Recently, a new inverse optimization technique based on inverse planning simulated annealing [IPSA] has been introduced. Method and Materials: We have retrospectively planned and analyzed 10 HDR prostate patients with IPSA and have compared the results with manual optimization [MO] based on forward planning approach [dose‐pointoptimization followed by graphical optimization]. All the plans satisfied the evaluation criteria of RTOG‐0321 protocol with a dose‐prescription of 1900 cGy in 2 fractions. Various indices like V100, V150, V200, D90, conformity index, dose homogeneity index [DHI] for the prostate, V75 for rectum and bladder and V125 for urethra were compared. Results: The prostate volume ranged from 40.4 to 84.8 cm3 with mean and median volumes of 60.1 and 55.2 cm3, respectively. The number of implanted catheters varied from 17 to 27 with a mean of 21.2. The mean V100 in MO and IPSA plans was 92.9% & 93.2%, respectively, while the corresponding values for D90 were 1003 & 993.8 cGy. The conformity index, defined as the ratio of the prescribed dose volume to the prostate volume, was identical in both the cases and had a value of 1.11, though the standard deviation in MO was 0.2 against 0.1 of IPSA. The mean DHI was slightly better with IPSA at around 0.8 vs 0.7 in case of manual optimization. The V75 for rectum & bladder and V125 of urethra were similarly improved. Conclusion: Our results have demonstrated an advantage of IPSA over conventional forward optimization approaches. In certain cases further improvement in the isodose distribution coverage can be obtained if IPSA is followed by graphical optimization.
Does Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Resuscitation of Heart Donors Portend Inferior Outcomes in Heart Transplantation Recipients

Purpose Myocardial ischemia sustained during cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation of a heart donor (CPR+) is thought to be associated with suboptimal graft function and poor outcomes in recipients. We examined graft and recipient survival in patients receiving heart transplantation from CPR+ donors and compared them to recipients whose heart donors did not sustain cardiac arrest (CPR-). Methods and Materials Retrospective analysis of UNOS adult heart transplantation data from May 1994 through July 2012 was performed. Discrete variables were compared using the Chi-Square test. Continuous variables were compared using t test. Patient and graft survivals were calculated using actuarial method and compared using Wilcoxon test. Results Of the 29,242 adult heart transplantations performed in North America during study period, 1,396 (4.7%) received hearts from CPR+ donors. More number of young 25.5±15yrs vs. 28.5±14yrs P figure 1 ] Graft survival mirrored recipient survival in both groups. Conclusions A large multicenter adult heart transplant data from across North America did not show inferior outcomes in recipients of heart transplantation from selected CPR+ donors. Recipient and graft survival were similar over five years of follow-up.
Effect of menthol on nicotine pharmacokinetics in rats after cigarette smoke inhalation.

Introduction The effect of menthol on nicotine disposition is important in understanding smoking behaviors among different racial groups. The present study was to evaluate whether menthol affects the pharmacokinetics of nicotine after cigarette smoke inhalation. Methods Rats were exposed to mainstream smoke from either a nonmentholated or mentholated cigarette (1 puff/min for 10 min) using a smoke inhalation apparatus. For the multiple-cigarette smoke inhalation, rats received the smoke from either nonmentholated or mentholated cigarette (10 puffs) every 12 hr for a total of 17 cigarettes. Serial blood samples were collected during the 10-min inhalation phase for the single-cigarette smoke or the 17th cigarette inhalation and for 30 hr thereafter. Nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine were assayed by radioimmunoassay methods. Results Following single-cigarette smoke inhalation, mentholated cigarettes significantly decreased the mean peak concentrations of nicotine in plasma (C(max)) from 27.1 to 9.61 ng/ml and the total area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) from 977 to 391 ng min/ml as compared with those after nonmentholated cigarette smoke inhalation. C(max) and AUC values for cotinine were also significantly reduced by menthol. Similarly after multiple smoke inhalation, C(max), AUC, and the mean average steady-state plasma concentration of nicotine as well as cotinine were significantly lower in mentholated cigarette inhalation. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in the cotinine to nicotine AUC ratio from 13.8 for the nonmentholated to 21.1 for the mentholated cigarette. Conclusions These results suggest that menthol in mentholated cigarettes can substantially decrease the absorption and/or increase the clearance of nicotine.
A Stabilized Ultrasonic Electrostatic Transducer

A program was initiated in the fall of 1959 to design an electrostatic transducer for the remote control of television receivers. The required specifications were as follows
A comparison of reduction in APL with polyarity in LISP

APL'S reduce operator can be viewed as a hybrid of two simple models of reduction; these models sometimes disagree. LISP, which lacks a reduce operator, has polyadic functions that implicitly imitate the behavior of reduce. Several differences between reduction in APL and reduction as it appears in LISP are discussed. The paper goes on to develop a flexible model of polyarity based on an applicative operator distributing arguments to a dyadic function. It is shown that, while reduce is the applicative operator most commonly used for this task, some polyadic functions require other operators. The relationship between reduction and polyarity has implications for the design of other programming languages.
Crystallographic study of rubredoxin from the bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain 27774

Rubredoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain 27774) has been isolated and crystallized. Preliminary amino acid and crystallographic analyses indicate that this rubredoxin is the smallest rubredoxin isolated so far. The amino acid analysis indicates that the molecule is composed of 45 to 48 residues and contains histidine, which is unusual for rubredoxins from anaerobic bacteria. The X-ray diffraction pattern from these crystals reveals they belong to space group P1 with cell parameters: a=24·92 , b=17·79 , c=19·72 , α=101·0°, β=83·4°, γ=104·5°. The unit cell volume of 8283 3 indicates a molecule with molecular weight no greater than 5500 and is consistent with the smaller number of amino acids found in this rubredoxin. The solvent content of this rubredoxin crystal apprears to be the lowest observed in crystalline proteins.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in semiconductor nanowires

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are nanostructures with a number of novel optical and electronic properties that offer great promise for applications in areas including nanoelectronics, thermoelectrics, sensing, and nanophotonics. To realize the full potential of these unique nanosystems, however, a deep understanding of their response to optical excitation on a sub-picosecond time scale is required. Here, we review recent ultrafast optical studies of carrier dynamics in semiconductor NWs. These experiments have been performed on different materials as a function of both intrinsic NW parameters such as diameter and doping as well as experimental parameters including photoexcited carrier density and wavelength. A variety of phenomena, including one-dimensional (1D) exciton dynamics, rapid carrier trapping at surface and bulk defects, and lasing from an electron-hole plasma (EHP) have been observed. These first measurements of ultrafast carrier dynamics are a tantalizing hint of the rich physics yet to be discovered in these quasi-1D systems. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy can track the temporal evolution ; of carrier populations in semiconductor NWs with femtosecond time resolution.
Bremsstrahlung from /sup 12/C+p near the 1. 7-MeV resonance

The spectrum of bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by the scattering of protons by /sup 12/C near the 1.7-MeV resonance has been studied at bombarding energies 76 and 146 keV above the resonance and 140 keV below the resonance. The spectra are in very good agreement with a complete calculation using the Feshbach-Yennie approximation which includes both the principal term and correction term.
Efficient two-dimensional filters using B -spline functions

This paper discusses the use of B -spline functions in efficient, approximate implementations of spatially varying and spatially invariant image filters. The methods are extensions of techniques used in numerical integration. The concept of Duhamel integrals is extended to the spatially varying case and when combined with the B -spline approximation leads to efficient algorithms which are more efficient that the direct computation or FFT approaches to 2-dimensional filtering.
NURSE‐MIDWIFERY PEER REVIEW AT PHOENIX MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

Peer review is now recognized as an essential component of nurse-midwifery practice. Over the past several years, most professional organizations have published guidelines for the establishment of peer review programs. The nurse-midwifery service at Phoenix Memorial Hospital has had a functioning, dynamic peer review system in effect since 1980. This article describes the program and provides suggestions to others who are attempting to institute peer review activities in their own services.
The Liquid Metal Blokus Duo Design

This paper describes the Liquid Metal entry in the 2013 ICFPT Design Competition. The Liquid Metal system provides a high-level language called Lime and a toolchain targeting FPGAs. Lime allowed us to use standard software development processes for programming, debugging, and performance tuning our FPGA design. We believe such iteration and refinement are far more challenging with low-level languages and design tools commonly used for FPGA development.
Origin and evolution of DNA associated with resistance to methicillin in staphylococci

The gene mediating resistance to methicillin in staphylococci (mecA) and its flanking sequences (mec DNA) make up a chromosomal DNA locus that is unique to methicillin-resistant bacteria; no equivalent locus exists in methicillin-susceptible cells. The origin of mec DNA is not known, but evidence supports horizontal transfer of mec DNA between different staphylococcal species and of the mecA gene between different Gram-positive genera.
Visual Social Communication in Adult Male Isolate- Reared Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)*

The social responses of isolate-reared and control adult males were compared in a situation where each subject was allowed visual and auditory contact but no physical contact with two different stimulus animals. The isolates displayed significantly more selfdirected hostility and significantly more masturbation than did controls. Isolates did not habituate or adapt to the presence of an adult stimulus animal as readily as did the controls. A juvenile stimulus animal vocalized significantly more frequently in the presence of an isolate than she did in the presence of a control male. Visual (facial, postural) and auditory (vocal) communication in adult isolate-reared monkeys is abnormal even when no physical contact is permitted between the isolate and another animal.
A High Angular Resolution Multiplicity Survey of the Open Clusters α Persei and Praesepe

Two hundred forty-two members of the Praesepe and α Persei clusters have been surveyed with high angular resolution 2.2 μm speckle imaging on the 3 m Infrared Telescope Facility, the 5 m Hale, and the 10 m Keck telescopes, along with direct imaging using the near-infrared camera (NICMOS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The observed stars range in spectral type from B (~5 M⊙) to early M (~0.5 M⊙), with the majority of the targets more massive than ~0.8 M⊙. The one quadruple and 39 binary systems detected encompass separations from 0053 to 728; 28 of the systems are new detections, and there are nine candidate substellar companions. The results of the survey are used to test binary star formation and evolution scenarios and to investigate the effects of companion stars on X-ray emission and stellar rotation. The main results are as follows:
Recent clinical advances in diabetic polyneuropathy.

Purpose of review Recent dramatic increases in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes make an understanding of chronic symmetric sensorimotor diabetic polyneuropathy, the most common and problematic of chronic diabetic complications, essential for a wide range of medical practitioners. Recent findings The demonstration of neuropathic dysfunction in patients with prediabetes or impaired glucose tolerance emphasizes the susceptibility of peripheral nerve fibers, especially small A delta fibers and C fibers, to relatively mild, short-duration hyperglycemia. New testing can reveal peripheral nerve dysfunction prior to clinical neuropathic symptoms and signs. In the absence of effective medications to halt or reverse nerve damage or promote nerve regeneration, early diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy, followed by tight glycemic control with diet and exercise, offers the best opportunity to prevent progressive symptoms of sensory loss, pain, autonomic dysfunction, ulcerations, and amputations. Some patients with impaired glucose tolerance have a reversal of neuropathic features with tight glycemic control. Nonpharmacologic therapies for neuropathic pain in diabetic polyneuropathy appear promising. Summary Tight glycemic control, especially early in diabetes, is the best approach to minimizing the prevalence and severity of diabetic polyneuropathy and makes research into the deleterious effects of even mild hyperglycemia imperative.
Temp(t)ing Bodies: Shaping Gender at Work in Japan

This article explores how gender is embodied and embedded in organizations. Organizational embodiment and gendered work are linked to new forms of labor market segmentation around aesthetic labor. The analysis makes visible the situated forms of body management and the productive modes of embodiment in a gender regime as ways of organizing and ordering masculinities and femininities in a valued hierarchy. A case study of temporary employment provided by a multinational temporary-help company situates the global in culturally local contexts of gendered work and employment conditions.
Performing the “People's Palace”: Musical Performance and the Production of Space at the Chicago Cultural Center

This article examines the production of space through musical performance at the Chicago Cultural Center. Concerts at the Cultural Center produce space on the scale of the building, the city of Chicago, and the world. The process of the social production of space is examined through musical performance in terms of the relation between music and place, performance practices, and aural space. An analysis of the production of space in musical performances on multiple spatial scales provides a means of moving past the common distinctions made between material space, representations of space, and social space to a more integrated understanding of social space.
Infrared and Raman spectra, conformational stability, ab initio calculations of structure, and vibrational assignment of ethynylmethyl cyclobutane.

Abstract The infrared spectra (3200–300 cm−1) of the gas and solid and the Raman spectra (3200–30 cm−1) of the liquid with quantitative depolarization values and the solid have been recorded of ethynylmethyl cyclobutane (cyclobutylmethyl acetylene), c-C4H7CH2CCH. Both the equatorial and the axial conformers have been identified in the fluid phases and both the gauche and trans conformations of the methyl acetylenic group have been identified for each ring conformer. Variable temperature (−105 to −150°C) studies of the infrared spectra of the sample dissolved in liquid krypton have been carried out. From these data the enthalpy differences have been determined to the 112±11 cm−1 (1.34±0.13 kJ/mol) between the most stable equatorial-trans (Et) conformer and the equatorial-gauche (Eg) conformer which is the second most stable conformer and 327±35 cm−1 (3.91±0.42 kJ/mol) with the axial-gauche (Ag) conformer which is the least stable conformer. The enthalpy difference between the axial-trans (At) and the equatorial-gauche(Eg) is 56±6 cm−1. At ambient temperature there is approximately 33% of the Et conformer, 38% of the Eg form, 15% of the At and 14% of the Ag conformer. For the polycrystalline solid the Eg conformer is the only form present which probably results form the packing in the crystal. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for both equatorial conformers and additionally a few of the fundamentals of the At and Ag conformers have been assigned. The vibrational assignments are supported by normal coordinate calculations utilizing the force constants from ab initio MP2/6–31G(d) calculations. Complete equilibrium geometries have been determined for all four possible rotamers by ab initio calculations employing the 6–31G(d) and 6–311++G(d,p) basis sets at levels of restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) and /or Moller-Plesset (MP2) with full electron correlation by the perturbation method to second order. The results are discussed and compared to those obtained for some similar molecules.
Neurological Abnormalities in XYY Males

THE report by Jacobs et al.1 on seven XYY males found among patients in an institution providing special security conditions of confinement for patients with violent or otherwise dangerous propensities was particularly surprising because only a few cases of this type of aneuploidy had been described previously. Price et al.2 examined these seven XYY males and two others from the same institution, and found that none had physical abnormalities ; they noted, however, that six of the nine were 6 feet or more tall. In fifty males 6 feet or more tall who were classified as “mentally subnormal” and “antisocial”, Casey et al.3 found twelve XYY males; they discovered another four among fifty tall, “mentally ill”, antisocial patients, and two more among twenty-four tall criminals. Results of physical examination of these patients were not given. Telfer et al.4, who have not yet described in detail the physical findings in the five XYY males they have found, stressed that four of these patients had facial acne.
Carbon Dioxide-in-Water Microemulsions

Liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide swell potassium carboxylate perfluoropolyether (PFPE-K) cylindrical micelles in water to produce novel CO2-in-water (C/W) microemulsions. The swelling elongates the micelles significantly from 20 to 80 nm as the molar ratio of CO2 in the micelles to surfactant (RCO2) reaches approximately 8. As the micelles swell to form microemulsions, the solubility of pyrene increases by a factor of ca. 10. Fluorescence spectra suggest that pyrene resides primarily in the low-polarity micelle core rather than in the palisade region. The results illustrate the ability of C/W microemulsions to solubilize both lipophilic and fluorophilic substances simultaneously.
Use of symbolic computation to generate evolution equations and asymptotic solutions to elliptic equations

Abstract An algorithm for the symbolic computation of wave evolution equations using REDUCE is developed. Its use is demonstrated for the class of long waves at the interface between immiscible fluids. Extensions to other problems are indicated.
Clopidogrel Desensitization After Drug-Eluting Stent Placement

Objectives We hypothesized that a standardized outpatient clopidogrel desensitization protocol would be safe and effective. Background Adverse reactions to clopidogrel are not uncommon, and affected patients must switch to ticlopidine after drug-eluting stent placement, despite its more malignant side-effect profile, because of the risk of ischemic events associated with premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. Methods Patients with suspected clopidogrel sensitivity were treated with escalating doses of clopidogrel administered orally in solution until either a clinically significant reaction occurred or the full 75-mg tablet of clopidogrel was tolerated. Desensitization was performed on an outpatient basis except in cases in which the subjects were inpatients at the time of enrollment. Follow-up was performed at 2 to 4 weeks and 6 months after treatment. Successful desensitization was defined as the ability to take clopidogrel 75 mg daily without a mucocutaneous, bronchial, or anaphylactic response. Results We enrolled 24 consecutive patients with suspected reactions to clopidogrel after DES implantation, 20 of whom were outpatients. During desensitization, allergic-type reactions occurred in 4 patients and angina occurred in 1 patient. Desensitization was acutely successful in all 24 patients, and by 6-month follow-up, 1 patient had persistent but improved pruritus controlled with oral antihistamines and 23 remained asymptomatic, with only 2 patients requiring repeat desensitization. Conclusions Clopidogrel desensitization is safe and effective, induces a sustained remission, and could be advantageous in treating outpatients who are at-risk for premature discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy.