cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specific Heat and Other Thermodynamic Properties of Body-Centered-Cubic He 3

The heat capacity of bcc ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ has been measured between about 0.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and the melting curve. The results are in excellent agreement with the recent specific-heat measurements of Sample and Swenson, and the two sets of data have been used to calculate the entropy, the pressure coefficient ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}p}{\ensuremath{\partial}T})}_{V}$, and, in conjunction with melting-curve data, the internal energy at melting and at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The values of ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}p}{\ensuremath{\partial}T})}_{V}$ are in excellent agreement with direct measurements except in a small temperature interval close to the melting curve. The internal energy at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, $\frac{{U}_{0}}{R}$, ranges from -1.05 deg K at 24.0 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mole to +1.93 deg K at 20.0 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mole, and is about 4 deg K below the theoretical values of Koehler and Horner and about 1.0 deg K below those of Hansen and Levesque. Measurements of the discontinuous change in heat capacity on melting have been used to obtain values for the compressibility of the solid which are in good agreement with those from other methods and which range from 4.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at $V=23.5$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mole at 1.75\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at $V=19.7$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mole.
Analysis of selected chemical groups by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

The use of a moving-belt liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interface for identifying selected members of various chemical classes has been investigated. Among the chemical groups examined with this system were benzidines, nitrosoamines, anilines, nitroaromatics, dinitroaromatics, hydrazines, amides, phenylenediamines, organophosphites, acrylates, pyridines, phthalates, nitrophenols, halogenated triazines, pesticides, halogenated pyridines, and alkyl tins. Selective ion monitoring was used for detection in all cases, in view of the lack of sensitivity in the full-scan mode. The lower limit of detection for the present technique is approximately 10 nanograms of compounds. Compounds of molecular weight exceeding 250 amu generally show a diminished response. Presumably, some lower-molecular-weight compounds within given groups exhibit similar behavior because of volatilization losses in the inlet.
Effect of Mitomycin C on the Synthesis of Infective Virus and Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Pseudorabies Virus-Infected Rabbit Kidney Cells

Effect of Mitomycin C on the Synthesis of Infective Virus and Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Pseudorabies Virus-Infected Rabbit Kidney Cells
A new unifoliolate Lupinus (Fabaceae : lupininae) from the Brazilian Planalto

Lupinus elaphoglossum Barneby, related toL. crotalarioides Mart. ex Benth., but differing in leaves and stipules, is described and illustrated.
Maintenance of children's behavior by accidental schedules of reinforcement

Abstract Ss were trained to lever press for snack reinforcements under response-dependent schedules—either a variable interval 30 seconds, limited hold, 10 seconds contingency (Exp. 1), or a variable ratio 15 contingency (Exp. 2). Following these baselines the schedule conditions were changed and most Ss were placed on extinction or on response-independent (accidental) reinforcement schedules. Accidental reinforcement in Exp. 1 was dispensed for all Ss at variable intervals having as an average, 30 seconds (Acc. VI 30 seconds) and in Exp. 2, dispensed at fixed intervals (Acc. FI), the duration of each interval not the same for every S, but for most it was near 16 seconds. In both Exp. 1 and 2 the accidental schedules maintained the baseline response rates at higher levels and for more sessions than did extinction operations. The rates of proportionally more Ss were sustained by the Acc. FI (Exp. 2) than by the Acc. VI 30 seconds (Exp. 1); three Exp.-2 Ss after seven Acc. FI sessions were still responding at levels consistent with or higher than baseline. In Exp. 1 and 2, the correlation between baseline and accidental reinforcement rates was greater than that found between baseline and extinction.
“Un-grievable” Lives? Contesting Illegality in Suad Amiry’s “Border Diary” Nothing to Lose but Your Life: An 18-Hour Journey with Murad

AbstractPalestinian author Suad Amiry crafts a “border diary” in her recently published, English-language text Nothing to Lose but Your Life: An 18-Hour Journey with Murad. The diary discursively frames the lives of undocumented West Bank Palestinian laborers who are forced to cross the Green Line in search of work in Israel. As the economics of this geography emerge, these workers are shown to possess knowledge of an occupied land, a knowledge revealed by their tenuous negotiations of checkpoints, border patrols, and racial profiling. The diary charts the cartography of occupation in the West Bank by highlighting the modes of resistance used by subaltern West Bank workers to contest the “everydayness” of the occupation. It relies on humor as a disruptive strategy to make a political statement about occupation while providing a testimonial to its geography from the “other” side of the occupation, as articulated by the dispossessed. In so doing, Amiry provides a socially and politically committed narrative that humanizes the dehumanized, the underprivileged working-class and the poverty-stricken in their struggle for survival and dignity in the face of Israeli nationalism and Zionist expansionism in the West Bank.
Vernon Smith's Explanation of Moral Sentiments

This paper is a comment on Vernon Smith's paper, Adam Smith: from propriety and sentiments to property and wealth. This paper argues that while Vernon Smith is correct in his analysis that Adam Smith's theory of human nature, as expressed in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, provides a much more accurate model of behavior than does that of utility maximization, Vernon Smith's analysis can be much enriched by including a more complete explanation of Adam Smith's model of human behavior to include an analysis of prudence, justice, beneficence, and self-command.
A prospective study of the association between vigorous physical activity during pregnancy and length of gestation and birthweight.

Current US pregnancy-related physical activity recommendations do not provide specific guidance for vigorous intensity activity. We examined the associations between vigorous physical activity during pregnancy and length of gestation and birthweight. Methods: Women were recruited before 10 weeks gestation. At 13–16 weeks gestation, participants reported the type, frequency, and duration of their typical weekly vigorous physical activities. Activity domains included recreational, occupational, household, and child/adult care. Infant birth date was obtained from medical or vital records; if unavailable, self-report was used. Birthweight (from vital records) was studied among term births. We analyzed gestational age among 1,647 births using discrete-time survival analysis. We used logistic and linear regression to analyze preterm birth (birth at <37 weeks) and birthweight, respectively. Vigorous recreational activity was associated with longer gestation (any vs. none, hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]: 0.85 [0.70, 1.05]) and we did not detect any dose–response association. Higher frequency of vigorous recreational activity sessions (adjusted for total volume of activity) was associated with a decreased odds of preterm birth (≥4 sessions/week vs. 0 or 1, OR [95% CI]: 0.08 (0.006, 1.0). Birthweight was not associated with physical activity measures. In summary, vigorous physical activity does not appear to be detrimental to the timing of birth or birthweight. Our data support a reduced risk of preterm birth with vigorous recreational activity, particularly with increased frequency of recreational activity sessions. Future studies should investigate the components of physical activity (i.e., intensity, duration, and frequency) in relation to birth outcomes.
Steady-state sequential distributed parameter filtering to estimate temperature and composition profiles of a fixed-bed tubular catalytic reactor

Abstract An optimal steady-state sequential distributed filter has been derived and tested. A limited-memory type modification is presented and shown to have superior convergence properties compared to the optimal filter when a number of replicate data sets are available for processing. Experimental data from a styrene-monomer tubular-reactor pilot plant were processed using the modified filter since replicate sets of data were available. Results show steady-state sequential filtering to be effective and robust.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene expression by the wilms’ tumor supressor WT1

The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-I-R) has been implicated in the etiology and/or progression of Wilms’ tumor, or nephroblastoma, a pediatric neoplasm of the kidney that is often associated with deletion or mutation of the WT1 tumor suppressor gene. The levels of IGF-I-R mRNA in the tumors were sixfold higher than in normal adjacent kidney tissue and were inversely correlated to the levels of WT1 mRNA, suggesting that the expression of the IGF-I-R gene is under inhibitory control by WT1. Cotransfection of an IGF-I-R promoterluciferase reporter construct together with a WT1 expression vector resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of promoter activity. Multiple WT1 binding sites were mapped in the 5′-flanking and 5′-untranslated regions of the IGF-I-R gene using gel retardation and DNaseI footprinting assays. Thus, suppression of the IGF-I-R promoter by WT1 involves multiple interactions of its zinc finger domain with sites located both upstream and downstream of the transcription initiation site. Finally, we showed that expression of the endogenous IGF-I-R gene is decreased in G401 cells stably transfected with a WT1 expression vector. Reduction in expression of the IGF-I-R gene is associated with a decrease in a number of IGF-I-mediated biological effects. Thus, deletion or mutation of the WT1 gene in Wilms’ tumor and other malignancies can result in overexpression of the receptor, with enhanced autocrine/paracrine activation by locally produced or circulating IGFs.
Continuing the Journey

The editorial process of The Family Journal continues to apply the relational perspectives and systems constructs of couple and family counseling to facilitate bridge building between professionals engaged in many fields of theory construction, research, and practice. The process of soliciting, reviewing, and accepting manuscripts for publication is shared by the overall editorial board and the section editors, who enlist colleagues as ad hoc reviewers. We believe that the journal is improving its capacity to stimulate thought and discussion, integrate perspectives, and advance knowledge through these intentional efforts. However, the editor realizes that this journey invites some conflict or disagreement. Letters to the Editor may be submitted by anyone who wishes to voice an opinion or preference regarding possible directions for future volumes of the journal. The present issue is very representative of the investment in diverse perspectives. The issue contains articles that address theory, research, and practice in couple, marriage, and family counseling and therapy. Therefore, we maintain the commitment upon which the journal was founded. I am especially pleased that Daniel Eckstein has chosen to share his 18-year adventure writing the ‘‘For Couples’’ column. His article charts a journey in which he has collaborated with many colleagues to produce thought provoking observations and clinically valuable recommendations. His efforts have involved students and professionals in the work of the journal. Judith A. Nelson has joined us as editor of the Sex Therapy section. She has been active in training, practice, and professional development. Her contribution is made especially significant in that coincidentally her section article is being published in this issue with a regular article on intercultural couples, which she coauthored with colleagues. We are blessed with her willingness to share from her work and experience. Our journal includes manuscripts submitted through the regular review process, as well as through the efforts of section editors who are able to solicit specialized contributions, which can be considered in a rapid manner by ad hoc peer reviewers. The combination of regular and section articles ensures the timeliness and utility of the journal for the IAMFC membership, couple and family counseling specialists, counseling professional generalists, and worldwide scholars. This issue contains articles devoted to theory, practice, and research. The research articles include several qualitative contributions, an emerging area of inquiry. There are articles devoted to counselor training and development, multicultural issues, substance abuse, school counseling, choice theory, play, attachment theory, leadership, identity development, and infertility. The multicultural articles inform and contribute to cultural competence in working with families dealing with medical conditions, intercultural couples, Cambodian refugee families, and African American families. The fabric of our journal is beautifully knit through our collective efforts.
Second-Order Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions Applied to Continuous-Thrust Trajectories

Introduction I N optimal control theory, requiring the first variation of the performance functional to vanish leads to well-known first-order necessary conditions (NC) for an optimal solution.1 These NC allow one to identify candidates for optimality, called stationary or extremal solutions, to distinguish them from solutions that have been proven to be optimal. To determine whether a stationary solution is indeed optimal, one must also test the second-order Jacobi no-conjugate-point NC, which applies if the trajectory is smooth. Also, one can formulate sufficient conditions (SC) that, if satisfied, guarantee that the solution is at least locally optimal. In this Note, a procedure developed by Jo and Prussing2−4 for testing second-order NC and SC is streamlined and applied to an example optimal continuous-thrust trajectory with multiple terminal constraints that yields a different type of result compared to previous examples in Refs. 2, 4, and 5. The procedure is based on earlier work by Wood5,6 that derives new, less restrictive SC for a weak local minimum of the Bolza optimal control problem. However, those SC require that the solution of a matrix Riccati equation be bounded. This is difficult to test numerically because a bounded but rapidly increasing solution can stop the numerical integration and give the false impression that the solution is unbounded. The procedure described and illustrated in this Note replaces the test for an unbounded matrix5,6 by a test for a (scalar) determinant being zero.
Behavioral contrast and inhibitory stimulus control

Two experiments examined the presumed relationship between behavioral contrast and inhibitory stimulus control. In Experiment I, pigeons were exposed to mult VI 1-min VI 1-min or mult VI 5-min VI 5-min during baseline training prior to mult VI 1-min VI 5-min discrimination training. Half of the subjects received a timeout (TO) component during baseline in order to reduce the degree of contrast during discrimination training. Only 3 of 8 subjects receiving the TO showed contrast while all other subjects showed various degrees of contrast. Postdiscrimination generalization gradients indicated excitatory rather than inhibitory control by the stimulus associated with the VI 5-min schedule. During baseline training in Experiment II, responding to all the generalization stimuli was reinforced. In addition, some subjects received the TO stimulus. The subjects were next exposed to mult VI 1-min EXT, mult VI 1-min VI 5-min, or just the VI 5-min component. Generalization gradients indicated inhibitory control by the stimulus associated with EXT or VI 5-min for 19 of 20 subjects even though some subjects did not show contrast. These results question the presumed relationship between behavioral contrast and inhibitory stimulus control.
Virtual reality: An overview

V qrtual Reality (VR), a technology which began in Air Force and university laboratories more than 20 years ago, is often called Artificial Reality, Cyberspace, or Synthetic Reality. Virtual Reality is a computer-created sensory experience that completely immerses a participant to believe and barely distinguish a "virtual" experience from a real one. It is the use of computer graphics, sounds and images to reproduce an electronic version of real-life situations.
Facile method for labelling polystyrene with various fluorescent dyes

Abstract A low concentration of chloromethyl groups (up to ≈0.1% monomer unit) has been incorporated into monodisperse polystyrene (PS) at the pendant phenyl ring by reaction with chloromethyl ethyl ether and boron trifluoride-etherate in methylene chloride. This method is both easier and safer to carry out than the conventional chloromethylation procedure. If the reaction is done at a suitable concentration, the molecular weight and polydispersity of the polymer are unchanged after the reaction. The chloromethylated PS reacts readily with the caesium salts of carboxylic acid derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, 7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD) and the potassium salt of carbazole to yield labelled PS. At high polymer concentration the reaction gives insoluble gel product, and in very dilute polymer solution and high concentration of the ether or the catalyst, intramolecularly crosslinked ‘microgel’ is obtained. Preliminary measurements on the mutual and tracer diffusion coefficients of the NBD-labelled PS particles stabilized by a block copolymer in 20% toluene 80% methanol mixture reveal that the two diffusion coefficients are identical under our experimental conditions.
Thinning semiarid forests amplifies wind erosion comparably to wildfire : Implications for restoration and soil stability

Semiarid forests across the western USA and elsewhere are being thinned to reduce risk from fire, restore previous ecological conditions, and/or salvage trees from recently burned areas. Prescriptions and monitoring for thinning generally focus on biotic characteristics of vegetation, like tree density, rather than abiotic characteristics of soils and their loss, which are usually only considered in association with water erosion. Recent studies indicate that sediment transport by wind in forests is substantial and can exceed water transport, yet forest wind erosion responses to tree thinning and/or burning are unknown. We measured wind-driven horizontal dust flux, a metric related to wind erosion, with respect to presence/absence of fire and/or thinning in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest in northern New Mexico, USA. Passive dust collectors at several sampling heights documented elevated dust fluxes at sites that were burned and/or thinned. Unexpectedly, thinned sites had erosion rates as large as burned sites, documenting significant restoration impacts on soil stability. Thinning and fire impacts on dust flux were correlated with remaining tree or ground cover. The results highlight that dust fluxes provide a readily measurable metric of soil stability that should be integrated into prescription and monitoring plans for forest restoration and thinning.
InsP3-induced Ca2+ excitability of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract Oscillations in intracellular Ca2+ can be induced by a variety of cellular signalling processes (Woods et al., 1986; Berridge 1988; Jacob et al., 1988) and appear to play a role in secretion (Stojilkovic et al., 1994), fertilization (Miyazaki et al., 1993), and smooth muscle contraction (Iino and Tsukioka, 1994). Recently, great progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms involved in a particular class of Ca2+ oscillation, associated with the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) (Berridge, 1993). Working in concert with intracellular Ca2+, InsP3 controls Ca2+ release via the InsP3 receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Berridge and Irvine, 1989). The IP3 receptor is regulated by its coagonists InsP3 and Ca2+, which both activate and inhibit Ca2+ release (Finch et al., 1991; Bezprozvanny et al., 1991; De Young and Keizer, 1992). These processes, together with the periodic activation of Ca2+ uptake into the ER, have been identified as key features in the mechanism of InsP3-induced Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary gonadotrophs (Li et al., 1994), Xenopus laevis oocytes (Lechleiter and Clapham, 1992; Atri et al., 1993), and other cell types (Keizer and De Young, 1993). Earlier discussions and models of InsP3-induced Ca2+ oscillations focused on the nature and number of internal releasable pools of Ca2+ (Goldbeter et al., 1990; Swillens and Mercan, 1990; Somogyi and Stucki, 1991), the importance of oscillations in InsP3 (Meyer and Stryer, 1988), and other issues not based on detailed experimental findings in specific cells types.
Aggregation everywhere: data reduction and transformation in the Phoenix data warehouse

This paper describes the Phoenix system, which loads a data warehouse and then reports against it. Between the raw atomic data of the source system and the business measures presented to users there are many computing environments. Aggregation occurs everywhere: initial bucketing by the natural keys on the mainframe, loading the fact table using a mapping table, maintaining aggregate tables and reporting tables in the data base, in the GUI, in SQL queries issued on behalf of client tools by the web server, and inside the client tools themselves. Producing the desired business measures required writing a complex SQL query, and post-processing an Excel pivot table.
The HSA domain binds nuclear actin-related proteins to regulate chromatin-remodeling ATPases

We identify the helicase-SANT-associated (HSA) domain as the primary binding platform for nuclear actin-related proteins (ARPs) and actin. Individual HSA domains from chromatin remodelers (RSC, yeast SWI-SNF, human SWI-SNF, SWR1 and INO80) or modifiers (NuA4) reconstitute their respective ARP-ARP or ARP-actin modules. In RSC, the HSA domain resides on the catalytic ATPase subunit Sth1. The Sth1 HSA is essential in vivo, and its omission causes the specific loss of ARPs and a moderate reduction in ATPase activity. Genetic selections for arp suppressors yielded specific gain-of-function mutations in two new domains in Sth1, the post-HSA domain and protrusion 1, which are essential for RSC function in vivo but not ARP association. Taken together, we define the role of the HSA domain and provide evidence for a regulatory relationship involving the ARP-HSA module and two new functional domains conserved in remodeler ATPases that contain ARPs.
Investigations of Sparging as a Method for Promoting Cooling Pond Heat Transfer

Destruction of the thin subsurface thermal boundary layer at an air-water interface can be accomplished by relatively low rates of aeration and can result in substantially improved thermal performance when water temperatures are high. The heating and saturating of rising air bubbles can also provide a significant improvement in overall thermal performance when water temperatures and aeration rates are sufficiently great. At 80 /sup 0/C, improvements of approx.20% appear possible with average aeration rates <1 mm s/sup -1/.
Rabs and the Exocyst in Ciliogenesis, Tubulogenesis, and Beyond

The exocyst, an octameric protein complex mediating vesicle tethering at the plasma membrane for exocytosis, is a downstream effector of the Rab proteins Rab8 and Rab11, which are key regulators of membrane trafficking from the trans-Golgi network and recycling endosome to the plasma membrane. Rab11 and Rab8 coordinate their actions via Rabin8, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor of Rab8. A cascade of protein-protein interactions involving the Rabs and the exocyst complex couples the generation of secretory vesicles at donor compartments to their docking and fusion at the plasma membrane. Here, we discuss recent work implicating Rab proteins and the exocyst in primary ciliogenesis and epithelial lumenogenesis. In addition, we discuss early work in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which provided the initial insight into the molecular mechanisms of polarized exocytosis.
Repetitious DNA in some Anemone Species

The DNA from several Anemone species, which contain different amounts of heterochromatin as revealed by Giemsa staining, was analysed by ultra-centrifugation and renaturation. No satellite band was observed in any of the samples centrifuged in cesium chloride gradients. Renaturation studies showed the presence of repetitive sequences. The proportion of repetitive DNA per genome varied from 53% to 67% and did not correlate with either the DNA content per cell or the relative amount of heterochromatin.
A blinded, randomized study of l-arginine in small clot embolized rabbits

Abstract Objective Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is administered to acute ischemic stroke victims in a vehicle formulation containing high concentrations of l -arginine (3.5 g/100 mg vial), a well-known nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate and precursor to nitric oxide (NO), as well as an enhancer of cerebral blood flow. Methods We studied the effects of tPA vehicle compared to tPA (3.3 mg/kg) formulated in the same vehicle containing l -arginine, normal saline or normal saline containing l -arginine, on behavioral function following small clot embolic strokes in rabbits using clinical rating scores and quantal analysis curves as the primary end point. Treatments were administered intravenously (1 ml/kg; 20% bolus/80% infused over 30 min) starting 1 h following the injection of small-sized blood clots into the brain vasculature and terminal behavior was measured 2 days following embolization. Behavioral rating scores were used to calculate the effective stroke dose ( P 50 in mg) that produces neurological deficits in 50% of the rabbits. Results In this study, tPA significantly ( p = 0.001) improved behavior compared to all other treatments including tPA vehicle, saline and saline- l -arginine, increasing the P 50 by 141% over tPA vehicle. Saline- l -arginine was not significantly different from either saline or tPA vehicle ( p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates that the l -arginine component of the tPA vehicle does not contribute to the reproducible clinical improvement observed following tPA administration in rabbits. Moreover, the administration of l -arginine was not an effective method to promote behavioral recovery following embolic strokes in the stringent rabbit small clot stroke model, nor did l -arginine exacerbate behavioral deficits or intracerebral hemorrhage in embolized rabbits.
Characterization Of Interfaces In Ion Implanted And Processed Semiconductor

This review covers the two key aspects of ion implantation: 1. damage production in a crystalline Si substrate and eventual amorphization of damaged region of the substrate and, 2. the recrystallization of the damaged layers. The latter has been divided into two separate topics; recrystallization behavior of damage in bare-implantated Si substrates and in through-oxide implanted Si substrates. Pictorial examples (TEM micrographs) of recrystallization behavior of various types of damage structure on furnace, laser and rapid thermal annealing are given in the text. The effect of secondary defects on redistribution of impurities has been illustrated. The electrical properties of the implanted region has been explained by considering damage-impurity interactions.
Reply to Feng et al.: Structures of Scm3–Cse4–H4 complexes

In our paper on the structure of the Kluyveromyces lactis Scm3–Cse4–H4 complex (1), we did not question the correctness of the NMR structure determination of a single-chain construct from its Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog (2), which Feng and coworkers (3) are writing to defend, but rather the functional relevance of that structure. The single-chain construct linked portions of Cse4, Scm3, and H4, in that order, but it omitted the conserved first helix (helix I) from histone H4. We believe that the specificity of a folding chaperone (Scm3) cannot reasonably be deduced from a structure that lacks a universally conserved segment in one of its protein substrates. The apparent flexibility of the helix I region of H4 in a complete three-chain complex in solution (3) does not justify trying to lock the single-chain version into a potentially strained configuration by omitting the polypeptide segment altogether. Unlike helix I of H4, the sequence of “helix C” in Scm3 is not conserved, even in other yeast, and we believe that its conformation in the NMR structure (2) could be a consequence of the single-chain constraints. We further observe, as we pointed out in the online supporting information for our paper (1), that the structure of the human homolog of this complex (4) is sensibly identical to the one we described.
Hierarchical photo organization using geo-relevance

We present a novel framework for organizing large collections of images in a hierarchical way, based on scene semantics. Rather than score images directly, we use them to score the scene in order to identify typical views and important locations which we term Geo-Relevance. This is done by relating each image with its viewing frustum which can be readily computed for huge collections of images nowadays. The frustum contains much more information than only camera position that has been used so far. For example, it distinguishes between a photo of the Eiffel Tower and a photo of a garbage bin taken from the exact same place. The proposed framework enables a summarized display of the information and facilitates efficient browsing.
ClemanX: Incremental clone detection tool for evolving software

Recent research results have shown more benefits of the management of code clones, rather than detecting and removing them. However, existing clone management approaches are still unsatisfactory, and either incomplete or inefficient, due to the lack of incremental clone detection tool supports. In this paper, we introduce such an incremental clone detection tool, called ClemanX. Our empirical evaluation on real-world software projects shows that ClemanX is highly efficient, complete, precise, and is capable of working incrementally when the code changes.
Gold pinhole collimators for ultra-high resolution Tc-99m small volume SPECT

The use of gold pinhole collimators is investigated with a view towards small-animal Tc-99m SPECT imaging. Functional imaging of laboratory animals offers increased return of data for a given investment of resources compared to conventional research techniques, but small research animals require high resolution imaging. At short distances, pinhole collimators show a more favorable resolution-sensitivity tradeoff than other collimator types. Penetration at pinhole edges degrades image quality, especially for small pinhole diameters. Tungsten pinhole collimators are favored for Tc-99m imaging over lead collimators due to the higher density of tungsten alloys (Z=74, s.g.=18.5) than of lead (Z=82, s.g.=11.35), even though lead, with its higher atomic number, has more stopping power per atom. Pinholes made of depleted uranium (Z=92, s.g.=18.95) have been investigated for ultra-high resolution I-131 and F-18 imaging. Residual radioactivity gives some background counts, and chemical and radiological toxicity imposes handling and bookkeeping requirements for uranium components. Gold (Z=79, s.g.=19.3) has stopping power between that of tungsten and uranium, but without the complications of the latter. Only the pinhole edges are vulnerable to penetration, so for Tc-99m imaging, a small, reasonably inexpensive gold insert may be used.
A patient with profound weight loss after gastric bypass surgery: A case report.

Introduction: A case of profound weight loss after gastric bypass surgery with multiple negative evaluations. Case presentation: A 41-year-old African-American female presented with greater-than-expected weight loss after gastric bypass and increasing abdominal pain over a 2-year period. An extensive workup was pursued for the patient with blood analysis, tumor markers, imaging studies both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, arterial studies, and endoscopy from above and below, all of which demonstrated normal results. The patient was followed up without improvement, and repeated studies were also normal. The patient was labeled with a nonorganic etiology for her symptoms, which led to a psychiatry referral which was refused. Conclusion: The patient's surgeon, who already had removed a normal appendix and gallbladder, repeated a laparoscopic exam. The exam was normal except for a small focus of pancreatic cancer in the celiac plexus. The patient died from perioperative sepsis from peritonitis 2 days after surgery. The case is discussed and findings reviewed.
Profile-based Retrieval of Records in Medical Databases

Ontologies establish relationships between different terms, yet their potential in querying has not yet been fully realized. In this paper, we study the problem of ontology-supported profile-based retrieval of medical records. We present an algorithm that provides two independent techniques (used in isolation or in unison) to address the shortcomings of existing keyword-based retrieval solutions, and provide an implementation and experiments to illustrate the merits of our approach.
Evaluation of postharvest-processed oysters by using PCR-based most-probable-number enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus bacteria.

Postharvest processing (PHP) is used to reduce levels of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters, but process validation is labor-intensive and expensive. Therefore, quantitative PCR was evaluated as a rapid confirmation method for most-probable-number enumeration (QPCR-MPN) of V. vulnificus bacteria in PHP oysters. QPCR-MPN showed excellent correlation (R2 = 0.97) with standard MPN and increased assay sensitivity and efficiency.
The Religious and Romantic Origins of Psychoanalysis: Individuation and Integration in Post-Freudian Theory

Introduction 1. Toward a cultural genealogy of psychoanalytic developmental psychology 2. The assenting ego: Anglo-American values in contemporary psychoanalytic developmental psychology 3. The developmental narrative: the design of psychological history 4. Theological sources of the idea of development 5. The Christian mystical narrative: Neoplatonism and Christian mysticism 6. Jacob Boehme: towards worldly mysticism 7. Romantic thought: from worldly mysticism to natural supernaturalism 8. Personal supernaturalism: the cultural genealogy of the psychoanalytic developmental narrative Conclusion.
Quantitative Gastrointestinal and Psychological Traits Associated With Obesity and Response to Weight-Loss Therapy

Background & Aims Weight loss after pharmacotherapy varies greatly. We aimed to examine associations of quantitative gastrointestinal and psychological traits with obesity, and to validate the ability of these traits to predict responses of obese individuals to pharmacotherapy. Methods In a prospective study, we measured gastric emptying of solids and liquids, fasting and postprandial gastric volume, satiation by nutrient drink test (volume to fullness and maximal tolerated volume), satiety after an ad libitum buffet meal, gastrointestinal hormones, and psychological traits in 328 normal-weight, overweight, or obese adults. We also analyzed data from 181 previously studied adults to assess associations betwecen a subset of traits with body mass index and waist circumference. Latent dimensions associated with overweight or obesity were appraised by principal component analyses. We performed a proof of concept, placebo-controlled trial of extended-release phentermine and topiramate in 24 patients to validate associations between quantitative traits and response to weight-loss therapy. Results In the prospective study, obesity was associated with fasting gastric volume ( P = .03), accelerated gastric emptying ( P P = .011 for liquids), lower postprandial levels of peptide tyrosine tyrosine ( P = .003), and higher postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 ( P P = .038) and satiety with abnormal waist circumference (n = 271; P = .016). Principal component analysis identified latent dimensions that accounted for approximately 81% of the variation among overweight and obese subjects, including satiety or satiation (21%), gastric motility (14%), psychological factors (13%), and gastric sensorimotor factors (11%). The combination of phentermine and topiramate caused significant weight loss, slowed gastric emptying, and decreased calorie intake; weight loss in response to phentermine and topiramate was significantly associated with calorie intake at the prior satiety test. Conclusions Quantitative traits are associated with high body mass index; they can distinguish obesity phenotypes and, in a proof of concept clinical trial, predicted response to pharmacotherapy for obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01834404.
Improved resolution of complex eigenfrequencies in analytically continued seismic spectra

Summary. The response of the Earth to an earthquake is a transient that is effectively zero several days after the event. A recording of the event, of finite duration in time, has a Fourier spectrum that is an entire, or integral, analytic function of frequency. We present a very simple procedure for computing the Fourier spectrum as a function of complex frequency; the analytically continued spectrum. By investigating the properties of the analytically continued spectrum we show how to extract high-Q modes, how to estimate Q either from the amplitude or from the width of a resonance function, and how to improve the resolution of splitting to the theoretical maximum. Examples of these procedures, using observed data, are presented.
4H-SiC bipolar junction transistors: From research to development - A case study: 1200 V, 20 A, stable SiC BJTs with high blocking yield

In this paper, for the first time, large area SiC BJTs were fabricated on SiC wafers with reduced Basal Plane Dislocations (BPDs). We have demonstrated: (1) stable performance on 1200 V, 20 A SiC BJTs after long duration of electrical stress at different current densities up to 150 A/cm2; (2) a blocking yield of ≫80% with low leakage current (≪20 nA at 1800 V) on 3″ wafers along with current gains in a range of 35–40. Both breakthroughs highlight the possibility for SiC BJTs to be commercialized and utilized in power electronics.
‘She’s 16 years old and there’s boys calling over to the house’: an exploratory study of sexual socialization in Latino families

Compared to other ethnic groups in the USA, Latino populations are at high risk for negative sexual outcomes, including unplanned pregnancy and HIV/AIDS infection. The goal of this study was to explore the role of cultural beliefs and values in sexual socialization by focusing on the family socialization of adolescent romantic and sexual behaviour described by 22 Latina/Hispanic women who took part in in-depth individual interviews. Four broad themes were explored: Parental concerns regarding dating, family communication about sexual issues, family rules about dating, and actual dating and sexual experiences. Consistent with traditional cultural views, female romantic involvement outside of marriage was described as potentially dishonourable to the family. Because US-style dating was seen as a violation of traditional courtship styles, most of the respondents' families placed strict boundaries on adolescent sociosexual interaction. As a result, many respondents described adolescent experiences of dating c...
Angioplasty-induced pseudoaneurysm successfully treated with a palmaz stent : a case report

Pseudoaneurysm formation and vessel rupture are considered rare complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), and few reported cases exist in the literature. The true incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation is unknown, for follow-up angiography is not routinely performed unless symptoms recur or persist. Currently, the only intervention widely accepted for angioplasty-induced pseudoaneurysm involves surgical excision or repair. The authors describe a case of successfully treated pseudoaneurysm with a noncovered stent.
How do we make future neurally integrated prosthetic devices speak the same language as the nervous system

It is postulated that future brain-machine interfaces (BMI) will not only be used to infer the host's intentions from brain activities (e.g. motor decode) or to provide the host with extrinsic information (e.g. sensory feedback), but may provide extensions, enhancements and replacement of parts of the brain itself. For example, the BMI implant may replace injured parts of the brain after traumatic brain injuries (TBI), extend the host's memory with a hippocampus implant, provide enhanced visual capabilities by allowing the host to see different parts of the optical spectrum, or provide bat-like echolocation capabilities to blind humans. These applications of BMI are clearly in the realm of science fiction at this point and time, however, progress is being made to model and mimick parts of the brain so that we are getting closer to making these dreams a reality. We assert that such BMI devices will not be truly realized until the electronics “speak the same language” as the biological brain. That is, the signaling interface between the electronic and biological systems must match and the computation performed by the electronic device must also be implemented similarly to biological computation. Hence, the complete system must be neuromorphic, implying that it must replicate both the form and function of the brain [1]. This is a departure from the current approach in the BMI community, which wraps translational circuitry (neural amplifies and biphasic current stimulators) around traditional digital CPU based processing when interfacing with the nervous system. Our approach will still make use of the interface circuits, however, the computation will be performed with analogs of neurons, synapses, axons and dendrites in silicon. As new methods for interfacing to the nervous system emerge (i.e. carbon nano-tubes and memristers [2]), the interface circuits will also be replaced with more biologically plausible versions. This abstract summarizes the computation inside future neural prosthesis systems that take the neuromorphic engineering approach.
Midlife women making hormone therapy decisions.

Abstract This study focuses on midlife women aged 40–65 years who were in transition to menopause, were menopausal or had a hysterectomy, to examine and better understand hormone therapy (HT) choices women make. Among the nationally representative sample of women in the Commonwealth Fund 1998 Survey of Women’s Health ( n = 884), 39% of the menopausal women reported current HT use. The two primary reasons for initiating HT are following a doctor’s recommendation and seeking relief of menopausal symptoms. Age, education, race, hysterectomy status, having health insurance, use of calcium supplements and comfort in communicating with a doctor are important factors associated with HT use. This study underscores the importance of physicians and other health professionals providing accurate HT information to assist women in making HT decisions.
An analysis of cloud overlap at a midlatitude atmospheric observation facility

Abstract. An analysis of cloud overlap based on high temporal and vertical resolution retrievals of cloud condensate from a suite of ground instruments is performed at a mid-latitude atmospheric observation facility. Two facets of overlap are investigated: cloud fraction overlap, expressed in terms of a parameter "α" indicating the relative contributions of maximum and random overlap, and overlap of horizontal distributions of condensate, expressed in terms of the correlation coefficient of condensate ranks. The degree of proximity to the random and maximum overlap assumptions is also expressed in terms of a decorrelation length, a convenient scalar parameter for overlap parameters assumed to decay exponentially with separation distance. Both cloud fraction overlap and condensate overlap show significant seasonal variations with a clear tendency for more maximum overlap in the summer months. More maximum overlap is also generally observed when the domain size used to define cloud fractions increases. These tendencies also exist for rank correlations, but are significantly weaker. Hitherto unexplored overlap parameter dependencies are investigated by analyzing mean parameter differences at fixed separation distance within different layers of the atmospheric column, and by searching for possible systematic relationships between alpha and rank correlation. We find that for the same separation distance the overlap parameters are significantly distinct in different atmospheric layers, and that random cloud fraction overlap is usually associated with more randomly overlapped condensate ranks.
Public or Private Management? A Comparative Analysis of Social Policies in Europe

Across the world, political leaders and policy experts frequently use the labels ‘public’ and ‘private’ to organize social policies. A line seemingly separates public from private efforts, with social policies publicly organized in some countries and privately organized in others. According to this perspective, a public social policy is undertaken by government or deals with a public matter. When a social policy is private, non-public actors and institutions, like employers, undertake it or it deals with a private matter, like body control. This article examines whether public or private approaches to managing social policies are currently emphasized in European countries. I begin by defining social policy and then provide an overview of the public–private dichotomy in managing social policy. I review predominant typological frameworks of public–private organization of social policies and examine three welfare social policies and three social policies dealing with body control by comparing public–private organization of these six policy areas across 21 European countries. I conclude by discussing the limited diversity of public–private organizations of social policies in Europe.
Transport of Thyroid and Steroid Hormones through the Blood-Brain Barrier of the Newborn Rabbit: Primary Role of Protein-Bound Hormone*

The transport of [125I]T3 [125I]T4, [3H]testosterone, and [3H]estradiol through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of the newborn rabbit was studied with a tissue-sampling, single injection technique. The first pass extractions of T3 and T4 were 22 ± 2% and 14 ± 1%, respectively, after carotid injection of Ringer's solution (0.025% albumin). Thyronine transport was saturated and cross-competitive, but was not inhibited by a large excess of leucine, a neutral amino acid. The extraction of T3 was reduced to 7 ± 1% after injection of hormone mixed in a 10% T3- specific rabbit antiserum, and this value approximated the extraction of an extracellular space marker, such as sucrose (6 ± 1%). Therefore, antibody-bound T3 was not available for transport in vivo. Conversely, T3 bound to the plasma proteins in newborn rabbit antiserum, e.g. albumin, was transported into the brain. The concentration of plasma protein required to inhibit T3 transport 50% in vivo was 28-fold greater than the serum concentration that resulte...
Constant capacity-an information theoretic approach to VLSI/DSP architecture

Based on information-theoretic principles, fundamental guidelines for signal processing systems design are developed. Conventional systems figures-of-merit do not effectively consider these basic metrics. The issue in the design of real-time signal processing systems is efficiency rather than raw processing speed. The critical parameters to consider in designing a signal processing system are available power and communications resources. With these considerations in mind, a constant-capacity architecture is outlined. >