cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Col2-Cre and tamoxifen-inducible Col2-CreER target different cell populations in the knee joint

Summary Objective Collagen type 2 (Col2)-Cre or tamoxifen-inducible Col2-CreER transgenic mouse lines have been used for studies to explore the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the targeted cells are the same or different in the two mouse lines. Methods We crossed tamoxifen inducible Col2-CreER and Col2-Cre mice with Rosa tdTomato reporter mice and analyzed the labeling patterns at different time points. Results In the Col2-CreER mice, 90.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) (88.3, 93.2)] and 82.8 (77.4, 88.3) % of the articular surface cells are Tomato positive when tamoxifen was administered at 2 and 2.5 weeks of age and strong activity was observed even 4.5 months after injection. However, 46.0 (32.8, 59.1) and 22.2 (11.7, 32.6) % of the surface cells were Tomato positive when tamoxifen was administered at 3 and 4 weeks of age, respectively. Little to no Tomato activity in the articular surface cells was observed when tamoxifen was administered at 8 weeks of age. At any stage of tamoxifen injection, the Tomato activity was detected in growth plate and epiphyseal bone in addition to articular chondrocytes, but little in endosteum and not in the synovium and ligament. In contrast, the targeted tissues in the Col2-Cre mouse line were articular cartilage, growth plate, meniscus, endosteum, ligament, bone and synovium. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the pattern of targeted cells in the inducible Col2-CreER mice are partially overlapping with but different from that of targeted cells in Col2-Cre mice and the pattern varies dependent on when tamoxifen is administered.
Hyponatremia and Seizures

I was pleased to read the report by David et al1 concerning young infants who developed hyponatremia with seizures. I reported three such cases that appeared to be due to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).2 David et al1 argued that all of their cases were due to SIADH and presented convincing evidence in three (cases 1, 7, and 8). However, case 6 demonstrated low levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and urine sodium concentration. These findings suggest an intake of water greater than the renal excretory capacity.
Are We Forgetting the Kurds

Now that President George Bush of the United States and President Jalal Talabani of Iraq, together with Senators Barack Obama and John McCain, have agreed upon a speedy withdrawal of American troops from Iraq (sixteen months is the figure most often heard), we may have on our hands a case of "withdraw in haste, repent at leisure." In the rush to pull out, security issues are forefronted while other issues, which may be more important may be bypassed so long as they appear to be under control.
Almost Stochastic Dominance: A Penchant for Risk

This paper shows that the Almost Stochastic Dominance (ASD) decision rule overlooks the effect of leverage on the variance of portfolio returns. If a portfolio dominates another by ASD then that portfolio bought with any amount of leverage will also be dominant by ASD. Therefore, there is no limit to the risk that a portfolio may have and still be dominant. The effect of leverage on returns is particularly important as new Exchange Traded Funds offer returns on an index which are enhanced by leverage. ASD cannot distinguish between index returns which are and are not enhanced by leverage, and therefore the decision rule could lead financial planners using ASD to recommend far too risky investments.
Potpourri oil toxicity in cats: 6 cases (2000–2007)

Objective – To describe the clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of cats with a history of potpourri oil exposure. Design – Retrospective study. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – Six client-owned cats. Measurements and Main Results – The medical records of animals with oral or lingual ulceration and exposure to potpourri oil from January 2000 to December 2007 were reviewed. Information obtained from the medical records included signalment, product to which the animal was exposed, clinical signs, physical examination findings, diagnostic test results, treatment, duration of hospitalization, and outcome. Six cats qualified for inclusion in the study; 3 were castrated males and 3 were spayed females. Age range was 0.3–3.6 years. All cats had severe oral and lingual ulceration. Additional clinical findings included hyperthermia, tachypnea, ptyalism, and lethargy. Treatment of these cats included IV fluids, analgesic therapy, antimicrobial therapy, and gastrointestinal protectants. Two of these cats received an esophagostomy tube for nutritional support. Duration of hospitalization was 0–5 days. All cats survived to discharge. Follow-up for 3 cats revealed complete healing of the oral ulceration. Conclusions – Potpourri oil toxicity should be considered as a differential diagnosis in any cat with oral and lingual ulceration. Prognosis for recovery is good with supportive care.
Deep learning using partitioned data vectors

Deep learning is a popular field that encompasses a range of multi-layer connectionist techniques. While these techniques have achieved great success on a number of difficult computer vision problems, the representation biases that allow this success have not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis that one strength of many deep learning algorithms is their ability to exploit spatially local statistical information. We present a formal description of how data vectors can be partitioned into sub-vectors that preserve spatially local information. As a test case, we then use statistical models to examine how much of such structure exists in the MNIST dataset. Finally, we present experimental results from training RBMs using partitioned data, and demonstrate the advantages they have over non-partitioned RBMs. Through these results, we show how the performance advantage is reliant on spatially local structure, by demonstrating the performance impact of randomly permuting the input data to destroy local structure. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that a representation bias reliant upon spatially local statistical information can improve performance, so long as this bias is a good match for the data. We also suggest statistical tools for determining a priori whether a dataset is a good match for this bias or not.
“Illusive Light”: Thomas Dermody, the Aisling and Archipelagic Romanticism

The following essay examines a selection of late poems by the important but understudied Irish-born poet Thomas Dermody (1775–1802). In the past ten years Dermody has received increasing scholarly attention after over a century of relative neglect. He has been studied in the context of “archipelagic Romanticism,” which aims to “reconfigure British Romanticism as a literary phenomenon encompassing all of the nations in the British archipelago.” This essay connects Dermody (who was born in Ireland but died in England) with his Irish cultural roots – an important connection insofar as many critics have dissociated Dermody from Gaelic literary tradition. I argue that three of his late poems (published in 1802 in the year of the poet's death) – which comprise what I call a “Spenserian Triad” – appropriate and personalize the aisling, a Gaelic literary genre extending from the middle ages to the folk and broadsheet ballads of the nineteenth century and beyond.
Hydrodynamics of Rapid Shell Closure in Articulate Brachiopods

The rapid shell-closing mechanism in articulate (hinged) brachiopods is subject to important hydrodynamic constraints related to expulsion of water from the shell. Fluid forces influence, for example, the speeds of shell closure and the mass flux rates of water from the shell. The principal hydrodynamic forces acting on a shell during rapid closure are (1) inertial reactions, due to the acceleration of water (=acceleration reaction), and (2) water pressure forces which develop as water is expelled from the shell. A generalized hydrodynamic model describes the relative magnitudes of the acceleration and pressure forces as functions of the shell9s angular acceleration, velocity and gape. In general, the acceleration reaction dominates the kinematics of shell closure during the initial phases of a closing event, whereas pressure forces dominate towards the later phases of shell closure. Solutions of the general model predict how variables such as the closing speed and the mass flux of water depend on shell size, initial shell gape and on the magnitude of the closing force. Results indicate that inertial reactions (due to acceleration of water) dominate the mechanics of shell closure in articulate brachiopod taxa.
Some applications of the double large sieve

We sharpen a procedure of Cao and Zhai (J Theorie Nombres Bordeaux,11: 407–423, 1999) to estimate the sum $$\begin{aligned} \sum _{m\sim M} \sum _{n\sim N} a_m b_n \, e\left(\frac{F m^\alpha n^\beta }{M^\alpha N^\beta }\right) \end{aligned}$$ with \(|a_m|,\ |b_n| \le 1\). We apply this to give bounds for the discrepancy (mod 1) of the sequence \(\{p^c: p\le X\}\) where \(p\) is a prime variable, in the range \(\frac{130}{79}\le c \le \frac{11}{5}\). An alternative strategy is used for the range \(1.48 \le c \le \frac{130}{79}\). We use further exponential sum estimates to show that for large \(R>0\), and a small constant \(\eta >0\), the inequality $$\begin{aligned} \left| p_1^c+p_2^c+p_3^c+p_4^c+p_5^c - R\right| < R^{-\eta } \end{aligned}$$ holds for many prime tuples, provided \(2<c\le 2.041\). This improves work of Cao and Zhai (Monatsh Math, 150:173–179, 2007) and a theorem claimed by Shi and Liu (Monatsh Math, published online, 2012).
SU‐FF‐I‐100: Experimental Evaluation of Motion Effects by Integration of the 4DCT/4DPET Hybrid GE Discovery VCT Scanner with the CIRS Dynamic Lung Phantom

Purpose: The integrated 4DPET/CT scanner has the advantage of accurate body position correspondence between the PET and CT scans as well as 4D acquisition capabilities for both modalities. The former reduces possible errors from misalignment when fusing PET and CT scans taken on different machines, while the latter improves our capability to account for anatomical changes due to respiratory motion. However, owing to the fundamental differences between the scanning techniques, artifacts may differ between the modalities. Materials and Methods: In our investigation we have expanded the advantage of the integrated scanner single reference frame by the improvement of a lung dynamic phantom that can be monitored by both the PET and CT 4D scanning procedures. This was achieved by the development of custom made inserts for the dynamic phantom that can accommodate different sized FDG‐filled spheres. The motion of the dynamic phantom was preprogrammed for trajectories of sine, sine6 and prerecorded traces of lung implanted fiducials from a previous study. In the case of the analytical curves, periods between 3.5 and 8.5 seconds were used along with amplitudes varying from 0.5 to 3cm. Spheres of various sizes filled with FDG of various activities were used. Results: Gated PET and CTimages of the same moving target were obtained within the same frame of reference for various amplitudes and periods of motion and for various sizes and activities of FDG‐filled spheres. Comparison of the images from the two modalities shows differences in the motion artifacts, which should be taken into account in radiotherapy planning. Conclusion: We have successfully developed a phantom system for obtaining highly correlated data sets for PET and CT with and without gated (4D) acquisition. Our preliminary results suggest that motions do have significant impact on the images. Further studies will investigate the clinical implications of this work.
Adenosine signaling via the adenosine 2B receptor is involved in bronchiolitis obliterans development

Background Adenosine is produced in response to ischemia or inflammation and protects tissues from injury. Four adenosine receptors are critical in the physiologic negative-feedback mechanism for limitation and termination of tissue-specific and systemic inflammatory responses. Accumulating evidence has focused on the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive role of the adenosine 2A receptor (A 2A R), and we have previously reported on its role in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after lung transplantation. Few studies, however, have reported the role of the adenosine 2B receptor (A 2B R) in BO. Data suggests that the A 2B R has pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic roles. We hypothesized that adenosine signaling through A 2B R is involved in the development of BO. Methods A murine heterotopic tracheal model across a total alloantigenic mismatch was used to study A 2B R signaling in BO. Tracheal transplants consisted of Balb/c donor tracheas transplanted into wild-type or A 2B R knockout (KO) C57BL/6 recipients. Transplanted tracheas were removed 3, 7, 12, and 21 days after transplantation. The luminal obliteration was evaluated through hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the cellular infiltration (macrophage, neutrophil, CD3+ and Foxp3+ regulatory T cell) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with allografts in wild-type recipients, tracheas transplanted into A 2B R KO mice displayed less BO development on Day 21. A 2B R KO mice had an increase in CD3+ T cells and CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ regulatory T cells than did wild-type mice on Day 7. By Day 12, more CD3+ T cells were present in the wild-type trachea compared with the A 2B R KO, but the percentage of CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ regulatory T cells remained higher in the tracheas of A 2B R KO mice. Conclusions A 2B R stimulation may promote the development of BO by inhibiting CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell infiltration.
Wonder and the End of Explanation: Wittgenstein and Religious Sensibility

L'A. examine la theorie de Wittgenstein sur les limites du langage, en particulier en ce qui concerne les explications religieuses. Il precise l'importance de la regle dans l'usage courant du langage, faisant que tout etonnement face au monde n'est pas forcement demande d'explication
Zolpidem-induced psychosis.

AbstractZolpidem is reported to be a safe and effective hypnotic agent for the short-term treatment of insomnia. There are several case reports of Zolpidem causing psychotic reactions in patients with no history of psychosis. We report two additional cases in which Zolpidem was implicated in psychotic reactions characterized by auditory and visual hallucinations as well as delusional thinking. Both patients symptoms resolved with the discontinuation of Zolpidem use. It appears that our cases share several features in common with the other reported cases. All were female, there appeared to be some dose dependency involved, and the adverse event resolved fairly quickly upon Zolpidem discontinuation. Zolpidem should be used at the lowest effective dose for the least amount of time as necessary. Female patients may possibly require smaller doses. In patients manifesting new-onset or unexplained psychotic symptoms, Zolpidem use should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Patient Readmission and Mortality after Surgery for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Malignancies

Background The incidence and associated risk factors for readmission after hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery are poorly characterized. The objective of the current study was to compare readmission after pancreatic vs hepatobiliary surgical procedures, as well as to identify potential factors associated with higher readmission within 30 days of discharge. Study Design Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare linked data from 1986–2005, we identified 9,957 individuals aged 66 years and older who underwent complex hepatic, biliary, or pancreatic procedures for cancer treatment and were eligible for analysis. In-hospital morbidity, mortality, and 30-day readmission were examined. Results Primary surgical treatment consisted of a pancreatic (46.7%), hepatic (50.0%), or biliary (3.4%) procedure. Mean patient age was 72.6 years and most patients were male (53.2%). The number of patients with multiple preoperative comorbidities increased over time (patients with Elixhauser's comorbidity score >13: 1986–1990, 47.0% vs 2001–2005, 62.9%; p 13 (odds ratio=1.90) and prolonged index hospital stay ≥10 days (odds ratio=1.54; both p Conclusions Although the incidence of readmission did not change across the time periods examined, readmission was higher among patients undergoing a pancreatic procedure vs a hepatobiliary procedure. Other factors associated with risk of readmission included number of patient comorbidities and prolonged hospital stay. Readmission was associated with additional short-term morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of behavioral symptoms in rural elementary school children

Third- and fourth grade children attending rural midwestem elementary schools were assessed for the presence of fiftyfive behavior symptoms. In general, prevalence rates were higher for boys and reflected behavioral patterns commonly associated with conduct problems and immaturity. More neurotic forms of behavior were reported for girls. Additionally, an increase in symptoms per sex across grade level was found with fourth grade girls showing an increase common to the conduct disorder cluster.
Role of cellular calcium metabolism in abnormal glucose metabolism and diabetic hypertension

Abstract The prevalence of hypertension in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is considerably higher than in the non-diabetic population. Insulin resistance may contribute to this increase prevalence. Abnormal cellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) homeostasis may link insulin resistance and high blood pressure in patients with NIDDM. Observations of abnormal cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis in animal models of NIDDM and obesity as well as in diabetic patients are consistent with this hypothesis. Abnormalities in cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis are also found in hypertensive animals and humans. Alterations in cell membrane phospholipid content and distribution may be the primary cause of abnormal plasma membrane Ca 2+ fluxes in patients with NIDDM and hypertension.
Temporally distinct neural coding of perceptual similarity and prototype bias.

Psychological models suggest that perceptual similarity can be divided into geometric effects, such as metric distance in stimulus space, and non-geometric effects, such as stimulus-specific biases. We investigated the neural and temporal separability of these effects in a carry-over, event-related potential (ERP) study of facial similarity. By testing this dual effects model against a temporal framework of visual evoked components, we demonstrate that the behavioral distinction between geometric and non-geometric similarity effects is consistent with dissociable neural responses across the time course of face perception. We find an ERP component between the “face-selective” N170 and N250 responses (the “P200”) that is modulated by transitions of face appearance, consistent with neural adaptation to the geometric similarity of face transitions. In contrast, the N170 and N250 reflect non-geometric stimulus bias, with different degrees of neural adaptation dependent upon the direction of transition within the stimulus space. These results suggest that the neural coding of perceptual similarity, in terms of both geometric and non-geometric representations, occurs rapidly and from relatively early in the perceptual processing stream.
Fractional quantum Hall effect in a high‐mobility GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum well heterostructure

We report the realization of a high mobility [μ≂4.8×105 cm2/(V s)] selectively doped GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum well structure with low density (ns ≂1.7×1011 cm−2 for each of the 85 wells) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The activation energy for the fractional quantum Hall state at the Landau‐level filling factor ν=1/3 is Δ≂2 K, the highest value ever reported for any multiple quantum well structure. Such a structure is nearly ideal for studies of the thermal properties of the two‐dimensional electron system in the fractional quantum Hall regime.
New Families of Photocurable Oligomeric Fluoromonomers for Use in Dental Composites

Photopolymerizable methacrylate-based resins with moderate-to-high organofluorine contents may improve the hydrophobicity, durability, and toughness of composites used in aesthetic dental filling applications. A variety of multifunctional oligomeric fluorinated monomers were developed and evaluated with the goal of identifying polymer systems that combine high strength, low water sorption, and minimal polymerization shrinkage. Certain fluorooligomer resin compositions prepared here appear capable of successfully meeting these challenges.
Work in progress - Globalization of science and engineering programs at Norfolk State University

Norfolk State University (NSU) is a part of a group of ten colleges and universities in the United States that has been awarded a grant from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence to provide support for full cultural orientation experiences for students. Particularly, NSU has chosen to provide students language and cultural studies in Arabic, Chinese, Japanese and Korean, which are unusual languages at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The intent of this award is to prepare science and engineering students with technical backgrounds for jobs and opportunities in the 16 federal intelligence agencies as well as other global markets. At NSU, we expect that the intelligence community (IC) scholars will be well prepared in the core competencies required by the intelligence community by studying middle-eastern and far eastern languages and cultures. Further the IC scholars will have an opportunity to travel to countries speaking these languages which will begin to internationalize their undergraduate education in science and engineering. They may also earn a National Security Certificate (NSC). As a result of this program, we expect that there will be increased opportunities for African Americans to participate in national intelligence at all levels.
Drainage density in relation to precipitation intensity in the U.S.A.

Abstract Previous studies have suggested that drainage density D varies directly with precipitation intensity PI. However, an analysis of data from the U.S.A. indicates that the relationship between D and PI is inverse, at least where P I > 50 mm 24 hr . — that is, in all but desert climates. This inverse relationship is consistent with the direct relationship between PI and mean annual precipitation PM and the inverse relationship between D and PM reported in 1972 by Abrahams. Drainage density varies directly with PI and PM via runoff intensity and inversely with these precipitation variables via the vegetation and soil cover. Previous studies of the relationship between D and PI either held PM constant or adjusted for differences in PM. Because the vegetation and soil cover are closely related to PM, it is suggested that these studies inadvertently controlled for differences in the vegetation and soil cover. Consequently, the effect of PI on D was predominantly through runoff intensity and hence D was found to vary directly with PI.
A Clinically Based Classification System for Acute Pancreatitis: Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, Ga, September 11 Through 13, 1992

• Acute pancreatitis is a protean disease capable of wide clinical variation, ranging from mild discomfort to apocalyptic prostration. Moreover, the inflammatory process may remain localized in the pancreas, spread to regional tissues, or even involve remote organ systems. This variability in presentation and clinical course has plagued the study and management of acute pancreatitis since its original clinical description. In the absence of accepted definitions for acute pancreatitis and its complications, it has not been possible to devise a clinical classification system useful for case management. Following 3 days of group meetings and open discussions, unanimous consensus on a series of definitions and a clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis was achieved by a diverse group of 40 international authorities from six medical disciplines and 15 countries. The proposed classification system will be of value to practicing clinicians in the care of individual patients and to academicians seeking to compare interinstitutional data. (Arch Surg.1993;128:586-590)
The Consistency Of Intrasubject Valence And Instrumentality Measures: A Methodological Consideration

The article discusses the results of a study pertaining to the consistency of intrasubject valence and instrumentality measures. Undergraduate students at a large U.S. midwestern university were evaluated to determine the outcomes students typically derive from taking courses. The study indicates that students perceived the attractiveness of the same outcomes to differ across the various courses they took. The outcome respect from peers frequently received a higher valence in upper division courses than in lower division courses.
The application of a computer-oriented information-retrieval system to oral pathology

I n the past decade the medical and commercial worlds have been faced with the problem of storing and locating thousands of documents. In addition to filing this material, it is frequently desirable to perform statistical and abstracting procedures on the assembled data. The business community has utilized electronic computers to solve their problems, and medical facilities are adapting these techniques to their specialized needs.l An active oral pathology department will acquire numerous specimens each year. For each accession there will be biographical data, clinical information, a histopathologic description, and such supplemental material as photographs, radiographs, study casts, etc. For this material to be used effectively, efficient methods of data processing and information retrieval must be available. In this article we will discuss some of the methods currently in use and describe, in some detail, a system being developed for our laboratory. The usual sequence of operations in an oral pathology laboratory is shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Specimens are received from the contributing clinician, the gross description is recorded, and the specimen is prepared for histologic examination. The pathologist then examines and describes the specimen. This report is sent to the contributor, and a copy is retained in the department file. It is at this point that data-handling procedures become a part of the scheme. At the present time, many laboratories merely keep the reports in a file by accession number. Some laboratories have this file indexed by diagnosis and/or
Photon echo measurements in liquids: Numerical calculations with model systems

Two‐ and three‐pulse photon echo signals are calculated for various model systems. The use of an experimental solvation correlation function as the solvent fluctuation correlation function leads to two conclusions. First, inertial solvent motion plays a major role in the electronic dephasing process. Second, simple models such as Markovian or exponential models for the solvent fluctuation correlation function may not provide an adequate description of the echo signal. The real and imaginary parts of the echo response, which may be measured via heterodyne detected stimulated photon echoes, are compared with conventional photon echo signals.
Bedside vena cava filter placement guided with intravascular ultrasound.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to report a feasibility trial approved by the Institutional Review Board for insertion of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in the intensive care unit. Methods: Between October 1998 and May 2000, 26 patients (15 men, 11 women; age range, 22-86 years; mean, 55 years) were enrolled. Eight patients (31%) underwent prophylactic filter placement, and 18 patients (69%) had venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis=16, pulmonary embolism=2) with contraindications to anticoagulation. A single groin puncture was used for IVUS and filter placement. Location of major branch veins, thrombosis, and caval diameter were readily demonstrated without the use of radiocontrast agents. Mapping of the IVC permitted assessment of ideal filter location. Postprocedure radiographs (23 of 26) were obtained to document filter position. Seventeen of 26 had follow-up lower extremity duplex studies. Results: Twenty-four (92%) of 26 patients underwent successful filter deployment. The two other patients had filters subsequently placed by means of traditional fluoroscopic techniques. One femoral vein insertion site thrombosis resolved after a month. One patient experienced symptomatic caval thrombosis thought to be caused by thrombus trapping 55 days after the procedure. No pulmonary emboli occurred after filter placement. One patient's death was unrelated to vena cava filter placement. The hospital charge for bedside filters was $3623 compared with $4165 ( P =.281) for fluoroscopic placement. Conclusion: Bedside insertion of an IVC filter with IVUS guidance is feasible and may be an effective alternative in the intensive care unit. No additional costs were incurred in this small series. Protocol refinements should reduce the incidence of complications. The results of this study support the need for further evaluation comparing it with standard techniques. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:21-6.)
Prefrontal cortex and bulbar reticular formation and behavioral inhibition in the Rat

Abstract Electrical stimulation in the bulbar reticular formation will produce response suppression that is observably the same as that produced by stimulation in the prefrontal cortex. This includes suppression of bar-pressing for food and running in an activity wheel, but no suppression of approach and eating of food or general activity. These results, together with previous research, support the hypothesis that this inhibitory influence of the prefrontal cortex is mediated through the bulbar reticular formation. This hypothesis is not incompatable with the concept that the prefrontal cortex serves to suppress the activating influence of the rostral reticular formation.
Numerical conformal mapping via the Szego¨ Kernel

Abstract A new method to compute the Riemann mapping function is numerically implemented and tested on examples. The method expresses the Szego kernel as the solution of a second-kind integral equation. The equation has its origin in an earlier non-numerical work of Stein and one of the authors [8]. The experimental results show the algorithm to be effective and stable.
Resolution of Major Deep Levels in Au- and Pt-Doped Si

The isothermal capacitance transients (ICTS) are measured for a number of Schottky diodes of Au-doped and Pt-doped Si over the temperature range 100 to 300 K at 2 K interval. The transients are investigated, specifically to detect the two closely spaced levels of the acceptor at 0.53 eV in Au-doped Si and at 0.37 eV in Pt-doped Si. The major acceptor and donor levels observed in these diodes are analyzed by modulating function waveform analysis technique. The results obtained in Au-doped Si are in general agreement with the recent prediction of two levels observed at the acceptor energy. Die isothermen Kapazitanztransienten (ICTS) werden fur eine Anzahl von Schottkydioden von Au-dotiertem und Pt-dotiertem Si im Temperaturbereich von 100 bis 300 K mit 2 K-Intervallen gemessen. Die Transienten werden spezifisch untersucht, um die beiden eng benachbarten Niveaus des Akzeptors bei 0,53 eV in Au-dotiertem Si und bei 0,37 eV in Pt-dotiertem Si nachzuweisen. Die hauptsachlichen, in diesen Dioden beobachteten Akzeptor- und Donatorniveaus werden mit der Technik der modulierten Wellenform analysiert. Die in Au-dotiertem Si erhaltenen Ergebnisse sind in allgemeiner Ubereinstimmung mit der kurzlichen Vorhersage von zwei Niveaus, die bei der Akzeptorenergie beobachtet werden.
An investigation of the asymptotic decomposition method for nonlinear equations in physics

This paper considers an interesting variation of the author's decomposition method, first proposed in 1983, which permits determination of the behavior of the solution of a differential equation as the independent variable approaches infinity. Extensions to partial differential equations are also considered.
New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri

The study of muscle function in nonhuman primates through the technique of electromyography (EMG) has facilitated the identification of specific functional roles for muscles in particular behaviors. This has led to a more complete understanding of the biomechanics of certain regions of the musculoskeletal system, and should facilitate our ability to identify morphological features useful in the functional interpretation of fossil material. The current paper represents one such investigation of a new set of morphometric characters of the scapula and proximal humerus suggested by EMG analyses of shoulder muscle function. A set of new metric variables were examined on the scapulae and proximal humeri of 25 species of extant anthropoid primates, as well as on casts of scapulae and humeri of three fossil primate taxa. The variables are primarily related to the line of action and attachments of the rotator cuff muscles. The position of the scapular spine, the degree of lateral expansion of the subscapular fossa, the size and shape of the subscapularis insertion facet on the lesser tubercle, and the orientation of the infraspinatus insertion facet on the greater tubercle all appear to successfully sort the extant taxa into locomotor groups. Their appearance on the fossil specimens generally supports previous functional interpretations of each taxon's locomotor abilities based on a variety of other characters, suggesting that these traits are equally applicable to fossil material.
Resonantly enhanced optical transmission through a single sub-wavelength aperture using nanostructured dielectric materials

We demonstrate that by using periodically nanostructured dielectric features fabricated around a single sub-wavelength aperture, the optical transmission can be enhanced at wavelengths related to the periodicity
Biosphere frontiers of subsurface life in the sedimented hydrothermal system of Guaymas Basin

Temperature is one of the key constraints on the spatial extent, physiological and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical function of subsurface life. A model system to explore these interrelationships should offer a suitable range of geochemical regimes, carbon substrates and temperature gradients under which microbial life can generate energy and sustain itself. In this theory and hypothesis article, we make the case for the hydrothermally heated sediments of Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California as a suitable model system where extensive temperature and geochemical gradients create distinct niches for active microbial populations in the hydrothermally influenced sedimentary subsurface that in turn intercept and process hydrothermally generated carbon sources. We synthesize the evidence for high-temperature microbial methane cycling and sulfate reduction at Guaymas Basin – with an eye on sulfate-dependent oxidation of abundant alkanes - and demonstrate the energetic feasibility of these latter types of deep subsurface life in previously drilled Guaymas Basin locations of Deep-Sea Drilling Project 64.
Exemplar-Based Graph Matching for Robust Facial Landmark Localization

Localizing facial landmarks is a fundamental step in facial image analysis. However, the problem is still challenging due to the large variability in pose and appearance, and the existence of occlusions in real-world face images. In this paper, we present exemplar-based graph matching (EGM), a robust framework for facial landmark localization. Compared to conventional algorithms, EGM has three advantages: (1) an affine-invariant shape constraint is learned online from similar exemplars to better adapt to the test face, (2) the optimal landmark configuration can be directly obtained by solving a graph matching problem with the learned shape constraint, (3) the graph matching problem can be optimized efficiently by linear programming. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply a graph matching technique for facial landmark localization. Experiments on several challenging datasets demonstrate the advantages of EGM over state-of-the-art methods.
The vertebrate-specific Kinesin-6, Kif20b, is required for normal cytokinesis of polarized cortical stem cells and cerebral cortex size

Mammalian neuroepithelial stem cells divide using a polarized form of cytokinesis, which is not well understood. The cytokinetic furrow cleaves the cell by ingressing from basal to apical, forming the midbody at the apical membrane. The midbody mediates abscission by recruiting many factors, including the Kinesin-6 family member Kif20b. In developing embryos, Kif20b mRNA is most highly expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells. A loss-of-function mutant in Kif20b, magoo, was found in a forward genetic screen. magoo has a small cerebral cortex, with reduced production of progenitors and neurons, but preserved layering. In contrast to other microcephalic mouse mutants, mitosis and cleavage furrows of cortical stem cells appear normal in magoo. However, apical midbodies show changes in number, shape and positioning relative to the apical membrane. Interestingly, the disruption of abscission does not appear to result in binucleate cells, but in apoptosis. Thus, Kif20b is required for proper midbody organization and abscission in polarized cortical stem cells and has a crucial role in the regulation of cerebral cortex growth.
Chronic granulocytic leukemia following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease

A 33-year-old white man was treated with irradiation for Hodgkin's disease involving the mediastinum; four years later he developed typical Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia. The patient has been treated with chronic low-dose busulfan to maintain peripheral blood counts in the normal range and he continues to remain well 27 years after the initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and 23 years following the onset of leukemia.
Heat Resistance of Neoprene-GN Vulcanizates

Abstract Control of heat deterioration is a continuous problem for the chemist. In the case of rubber and synthetic elastomers, the rubber chemist has charted the changes in the physical properties of vulcanized elastomers during heat aging. He has developed many methods for retarding the deterioration of rubber compounds by heat; but with the newer synthetic elastomers the development of methods of retarding deterioration by heat is now an active subject of investigation. The degree of deterioration depends on the methods of compounding and curing the different elastomers, as well as on the conditions of aging. In general, continuous exposure to high temperatures softens natural rubber but hardens synthetic elastomers. Inherently Neoprene has greater heat resistance than natural rubber. Many investigators have described the heat resistance of rubber vulcanizates, but only a few have reported on the heat resistance of Neoprene vulcanizates, and these reports have been primarily comparisons of given Neopre...
Analysis of censored survival data in Japanese quail divergently selected for growth and their control

The aim of the current study was to characterize and quantify risk factors involved in juvenile mortality in divergently selected and control lines of Japanese quail. Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to describe mortality in the three experimental lines with hatch weight and posthatch BW evaluated as risk factors. Survival function distribution indicated that the proportional mortality was highest in the line selected for high 4-wk BW compared to the low and control lines. In all the experimental lines mortality declined when posthatch BW increased; however, the magnitude of reduction was highest in the control line compared to the divergently selected lines (57 vs. 22%). Any factor that influences growth after hatching may likely have a direct impact on mortality. Lack of accessibility to water, feed, warmth, and potential negative social interaction are factors that could affect mortality immediately after hatch. The posthatch BW at time of mortality used as a risk factor indicated that the divergently selected lines have about the same risk and are less sensitive to reduced BW compared to the control population. Through survival analysis, the present study has demonstrated that factors causing reduction in posthatch BW are likely risk factors for mortality in growing birds.
Antioxidant Activity of Dodecyl Gallate

Dodecyl (C12) gallate exhibits both potent chain-breaking and preventive antioxidant activity. The pyrogallol moiety is responsible for both activities. Dodecyl (lauryl) gallate prevents generation of superoxide radicals by xanthine oxidase, and this activity comes from its ability to inhibit the enzyme. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver−Burk plots found that dodecylgallate is a noncompetitive inhibitor for the generation of superoxide anion. Dodecyl gallate also inhibits formation of uric acid. The inhibition kinetics analyzed by Lineweaver−Burk plots found that dodecyl gallate is a competitive inhibitor for this oxidation. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(III)−adenosine 5‘-diphosphate/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide was inhibited by dodecyl gallate while its parent compound, gallic acid, did not show this inhibitory activity. Dodecyl gallate protected mitochondrial functions and human red blood cells against oxidative stresses, but gallic acid showed little effect. T...
Deconstructing a navigational neuron.

Flies show remarkable flight control, aided partly by motion-sensitive neurons in the visual ganglia. Haag and Borst now unravel the microcircuitry of some of these motion-analyzing cells, and suggest a mechanism for their receptive field tuning.
Cerebellar "neuroblastoma": nosology as it relates to medulloblastoma.

Medulloblastoma is a relatively common and well-established entity, consisting of primitive, multipotential cells that may exhibit some evidence of neuroblastic or glial differentiation. However, cerebellar “neuroblastomas” with ultrastructural evidence of significant neuroblastic differentiation are extremely rare. We have studied three tumors with light microscopic evidence of neuroblastic differentiation. All of these tumors have regions resembling medulloblastoma; this finding suggests that cerebellar “neuroblastoma” represents one form of medulloblastoma. These cases provide further evidence for the potential of medulloblastoma cells to differentiate along neuronal lines.
High-Frequency Jet Ventilation in Major Airway or Pulmonary Disruption

High-frequency jet ventilation is an experimental method of mechanical support, which achieves satisfactory alveolar ventilation and oxygenation at low peak-inspiratory pressures of 5 to 8 cm H2O and low end-expiratory pressures of 3 to 5 cm H2O. This characteristic was used to advantage in 23 patients with cancer, 12 of whom had tracheal or bronchial disruption complicated by pneumonia. Eight patients who could not be supported by conventional means were salvaged. Barotrauma complicated the very high peak airway pressures required to ventilate 8 of 11 patients with respiratory failure associated with diffuse interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis. There were only 2 survivors despite temporary normalization of arterial blood gas values in 7 patients. Earlier use of high-frequency jet ventilation in patients with poor compliance may prevent pulmonary disruption in addition to deleterious hemodynamic and systemic effects of conventional high-pressure ventilation. Other applications under study include the role of jet ventilation in resection of the trachea or carina, and in major airway trauma.
Ultrastructure of the neurohypophysial glial cells following stalk transection in the rat.

Apres section de tige les fibres neurosecretoires disparaissent et les pituicytes reprennent un aspect et une organisation ultrastructurale de type embryonnaire. L'absence de reaction inflammatoire mesenchymateuse et de proliferation pituicytaire cicatricielle de type gliose expliquent les possibilites de regeneration des fibres neurosecretoires.
Government's Role in Milk Pricing; Then and Now: Discussion

The objective of this session is to explore the economic effects of government intervention in milk pricing. In an insightful analysis, Gardner poses the question whether the price discrimination model or the price stabilization model is the more appropriate for the analysis of classified pricing. Though he leans toward price discrimination at various points in his paper, Gardner concludes the evidence published to date forswears a definitive answer. Boynton and Novakovic, on the other hand, eschew modeling in favor of a survey of literature that is both old and obscure to the exclusion of recent developments. They hint at serious market failures in the years prior to regulation without being very specific; they suggest such failures would surface again if federal and state governments were to dismantle milk pricing programs. This discussion consists of a few comments centered on rather narrow issues followed by comments of a more general nature that may add some n-ew perspectives on the debate on dairy policy. Gardner's attempt to define disorderly marketing as a possible manifestation of oligopsony raises a serious question. Orderly marketing is presumably an objective for order programs for commodities other than milk, including western citrus, walnuts, cranberries, and the like. The marketing of several of these commodities is dominated by large, farmer-owned cooperatives. Are we to suppose that Congress was really concerned with oligopsonistic abuses in markets for such commodities? Gardner has raised a legitimate objection to using the concept of an aggregate supply for milk in analyzing the effects of abolishing classified pricing. Basic to his objection is the likelihood of diverse price movements that would ensue in different parts of the country if orders were discontinued. This objection may not apply, however, to using aggregate supply in analysis of changes in the price support program. With classified pricing intact all Class I prices move with the MW price series in close harmony. Does government-sponsored classified pricing raise the prices paid by plants and consumers for milk used in fluid consumption? The answer is of course it does, Gardner's criticisms of presently available research to the contrary notwithstanding. In the New York-New Jersey order the Class I utilization rate was 40.8% in 1982. If classified pricing were discontinued in that area, for example, the fluid price and the average price received by milk producers would fall to the manufacturing level forthwith. In the short run the percentage declines for fluid and blend prices would roughly equal 18% and 9%, respectively. Fluid milk consumers would be better off and milk production assets would be devalued.
The Effect of Copper on the Titanium-Silicon Dioxide Reaction and the Implications for Self-Encapsulating, Self-Adhering Metallization Lines

Co-evaporated Cu-Ti films on thermally-oxidized Si substrates were annealed in vacuum at temperatures between 300 and 700° C. Reactions within the films and between film and substrate were monitored by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and sheet resistance. We found that, despite the competition from intermetallic compound formation, the Cu-Ti films react with SiO 2 beginning at 400°C, with Ti migrating to the SiO 2 interface to form both a silicide, Ti 5 Si 3 , and an oxide and to the free surface to form additional oxide. The reaction leaves relatively pristine Cu. Above 600°C, however, Cu begins to react with the underlying silicide. By comparison, pure Ti reacts with SiO 2 only above ˜700°C.