cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sources of Stress Among Emergency Medical Technicians (Part I): What Does the Research Say?

Research repeatedly has demonstrated that organisms exhibit adaptive physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses when exposed to noxious or threatening environmental stimuli. However, when the noxious stimuli are excessive or prolonged, efforts to cope may become overwhelmed, and the adaptive responses can turn into maladaptive reactions (e.g., illness, depression, and impaired performance). According to this model of stress, people who work in occupations that continually place them in danger or repeatedly force them to encounter psychologically demanding or distressing situations would appear to be at greater risk for developing adverse stress reactions. Both anecdotal evidence and empirical research suggest that prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) may be a particularly high-stress field, placing emergency medical technicians (EMTs) at risk for developing such maladaptive stress reactions. This article reviews and synthesizes the empirical literature investigating the sources of stress among EMTs, and concludes with critical comments and guidelines for future research. The authors intend this review to be a resource for investigators conducting research in this area, as well as a convenient summary for anyone interested in learning more about the stressors EMTs experience, particularly mental health professionals and EMS administrators coordinating stress-management programs for EMTs.
No evidence of chromosome damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. It is characterized by a progressive airflow limitation resulting from an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to inhaled gases and particles. Since oxidative stress is thought to play a role in COPD, and since increased oxidative stress is associated with chromosomal instability in several diseases, we investigated whether such relationship also exists in COPD. Whole blood lymphocytes from 49 COPD patients and 48 age- and sex-matched controls were cultivated in vitro and cytogenetic damage was evaluated by micronucleus (MN) and sister-chromatid-exchange (SCE) assays. In patients with COPD, MN frequency was not significantly different from that of controls. Similarly, SCE frequency did not differ in the two groups suggesting no disturbance in DNA replication. Unlike other diseases characterized by oxidative stress, COPD does not appear to be associated with DNA damage.
The Importance Given Selected Job Characteristics by Individuals who Possess a Criminal Justice Degree

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance given selected job characteristics by individuals who possess a criminal justice degree from an Illinois institution of higher learning. The examination entailed the analysis of the possible differentiation between racial groups, sex, degree obtained, and occupational choice in relation to job characteristics. The findings indicated that significant differentiations did occur between races as a whole and between races by sex. No significant differentiations were found between: (1) sexes; (2) racial groups by degree level; (3) racial groups by occupational choice, (4) racial groups by sex and degree level: (5) racial groups by sex and occupational choice, and (6) racial groups by degree level and occupational choice.
SAR imaging of moving targets

A method of forming synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of moving targets without using any specific knowledge of the target motion is presented. The new method uses a unique processing kernel that involves a one-dimensional interpolation of the deramped phase history which we call keystone formatting. This preprocessing simultaneously eliminates the effects of linear range migration for all moving targets regardless of their unknown velocity. Step two of the moving target imaging technique involves a two-dimensional focusing of the movers to remove residual quadratic range migration errors. The third and last step removes cubic and higher order defocusing terms. This imaging technique is demonstrated using SAR data collected as part of DARPA's Moving Target Exploitation (MTE) program.
Stereotyping of the Elderly: Elementary School Children's Responses

In a study of perceptions concerning the elderly, children were presented with photographs depicting persons in various stages of the life cycle: preschooler, elementary schooler, young adult, midd...
Selective Training of the Vastus Medialis Muscle Using EMG Biofeedback

The purpose of this study was to investigate if, in three weeks, the vastus medialis muscle could be trained to contract independently of the vastus lateralis muscle. Ten subjects attended electromyographic biofeedback training sessions five days a week for three weeks for one half hour each day. During the first two weeks the subjects concentrated on decreasing the activity level of the vastus lateralis muscle, and during the final week they tried to increase the vastus medialis muscle activity level. Significant differences were found in the change in muscle activity level of the vastus lateralis muscle over the first two weeks, in the change of muscle activity level of the vastus medialis muscle over the third week, and in the difference between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activity levels from the first to the third weeks.
Analog Computer in Anticoagulant Therapy

The purpose of this work was to develop, and use in patient care, a simple differential equation model of the pharmacokinetic action of an anticoagulant drug and develop a protocol for its use. A set of two linear differential equations with constant coefficients was hypothesized and set up on a small analog computer, and has been used in patient care for over two years with excellent success. An unexpected benefit of the procedure was the ability to visually detect and delete outlying data pints. The solution of the differential equations and properties of the estimated parameters are shown. Also, the role of prior knowledge and experience of the pharmacist during the curve fitting procedure is discussed. Finally, correlation between predicted and actual coagulation is shown to be significant, and ongoing clinical use of the procedure indicates effectiveness and physician acceptance.
Hyper-Raman Scattering by Molecular Vibrations

This article reviews the experimental and theoretical aspects of vibrational hyper-Raman scattering from molecules. Particular emphasis is placed on hyper-Raman scattering enhanced by nanostructured metal surfaces and by two-photon electronic resonance.
Frequency response of a blood pressure pulse to small change in the waveform's time constant

The authors investigate how the magnitude of the frequency response of a blood pressure pulse decreases in one of the waveform's time constant. The amplitude of the first ten harmonics, especially, is addressed. Graphical representations of the investigation are included. The magnitude of the derivatives of the harmonics' amplitude with respect to the time constant of the ascending part of the waveform is plotted. >
Drosophila as a Model for Human Neurodegenerative Disease

Among many achievements in the neurodegeneration field in the past decade, two require special attention due to the huge impact on our understanding of molecular and cellular pathogenesis of human neurodegenerative diseases. First is defining specific mutations in familial neurodegenerative diseases and second is modeling these diseases in easily manipulable model organisms including the fruit fly, nematode, and yeast. The power of these genetic systems has revealed many genetic factors involved in the various pathways affected, as well as provided potential drug targets for therapeutics. This review focuses on fruit fly models of human neurodegenerative diseases, with emphasis on how fly models have provided new insights into various aspects of human diseases.
Building intelligent tutorial systems for teaching simulation in engineering education

A framework for building intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) to teach students the use of various simulation systems used in engineering education is described. Case studies to two widely used simulators in electronics education (LASAR, a digital logic simulator, and SPICE, an integrated circuit simulator) provide the basis of pedagogical methodology for teaching the use of simulators. This methodology is used to develop a tutorial environment which includes: an authoring system that enables an instructor to develop and tailor the course contents; and a course presentation system that communicates this information via a direct manipulation interface to the user. The student perceives the tutorial as a hypertext network which can be freely explored; however, the tutoring system monitors and dynamically reconfigures the accessible information according to the level and attainment of expertise by the student. The environment includes components to monitor and evaluate the performance of the student. This tutorial framework is used to create intelligent tutorial systems for SPICE and LASAR. >
Chloroquine-induced autophagic vacuole accumulation and cell death in glioma cells is p53 independent

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a high-grade central nervous system malignancy and despite aggressive treatment strategies, GBM patients have a median survival time of just 1 year. Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial lysosomotropic agent, has been identified as a potential adjuvant in the treatment regimen of GBMs. However, the mechanism of CQ-induced tumor cell death is poorly defined. We and others have shown that CQ-mediated cell death may be p53-dependent and at least in part due to the intrinsic apoptotic death pathway. Here, we investigated the effects of CQ on 5 established human GBM lines, differing in their p53 gene status. CQ was found to induce a concentration-dependent death in each of these cell lines. Although CQ treatment increased caspase-3‐like enzymatic activity in all 5 cell lines, a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor did not significantly attenuate death. Moreover, CQ caused an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in all cell lines and was found to affect the levels and subcellular distribution of cathepsin D, suggesting that altered lysosomal function may also play a role in CQ-induced cell death. Thus, CQ can induce p53-independent death in gliomas that do not require caspase-mediated apoptosis. To potentially identify more potent chemotherapeutics, various CQ derivatives and lysosomotropic compounds were tested on the GBM cells. Quinacrine and mefloquine were found to be more potent than CQ in killing GBM cells in vitro and given their superior blood‐ brain barrier penetration compared with CQ may prove more efficacious as chemotherapeutic agents for GBM patients.
Hormonal control of sulfate uptake by branchial cartilage of coho salmon: role of IGF-I.

The direct hormonal control of sulfate uptake by cartilage matrix of coho salmon was examined by exposing branchial cartilage to 1 μCi · ml−135SO4 for 48 hours at 15°C in a defined medium. Sulfate uptake occurred primarily in cartilage (rather than bone) and the amount of specific uptake was similar in epibranchial and ceratobranchial cartilages. Intact and hypophysectomized coho salmon starved for 22 days had equivalent in vitro sulfate uptake, which in both cases were 30% of the uptake seen in branchial cartilage of fed, intact controls. In branchial cartilage from starved coho salmon, in vitro exposure to recombinant bovine insulin-like growth factor I (rbIGF-I) at 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng · ml−1 caused a dose-dependent increase in sulfate uptake, with a maximum 3-fold increase over control at 1,000 ng · ml−1 rbIGF-I. Coho salmon insulin (1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng · ml−1) resulted in a maximum 30% increase in sulfate uptake at the highest dose. Growth hormone and triiodo-L-thyronine had no direct effect on in vitro sulfate uptake. The results indicate that IGF-I has direct effects on coho salmon cartilage and may be an important regulator of growth in salmon and other teleosts. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A study of depth of interaction measurement using bent optical fibers [in PET scanner]

Depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement is an important capability for a detector suitable for use in a small PET scanner designed for breast imaging or small animal imaging. We have investigated a different scheme to determine DOI by using a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT) at one end of an LSO (Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/) crystal array for positioning and timing, and a single-channel PMT (SC-PMT) connected to the other end through bent optical fibers, with the ratio of the two signals being used to determine the DOI. The main advantages of this approach are that both the PS-PMT and the SC-PMT can provide high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) outputs (improving DOI resolution), and that the necessary technology is available with easy readout electronics. Therefore, the design permits a relatively simple and practical solution to measure DOI while still maintaining good detector performance. We have successfully bent optical fibers, with a light loss due to fiber bending of less than 12% for bending angles from 90/spl deg/ to 130/spl deg/ and for a radius of curvature from 2 to 10 mm. Preliminary measurements for a detector with 2/spl times/2/spl times/21 mm/sup 3/ LSO scintillators and a Hamamatsu R5900-C8 PS-PMT reveal good DOI measurement capability with this design, with the measured DOI resolution ranging from 4.2 to 6 mm. It also provides excellent crystal identification and coincidence timing performance. The attenuation and scattering effects introduced by using optical fibers were also studied.
Infections of the Central Nervous System

Intracranial suppurative (pus forming) processes can be divided into three categories based on the distinct anatomical areas in which the infection occurs. These areas, from superficial to deep, are the epidural space, subdural space, and parenchyma tissue. This section will focus on these processes and their relationships to one another.
Erratum to: Evolving hard problems: generating human genetics datasets with a complex etiology.

* Correspondence: jason.h.moore@dartmouth.edu Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Erratum to After publication of this article [1], it has been noticed that Figs. 1 and 3 (Figs. 1 and 2 respectively here) had been incorrectly reverted in the original article [1]. The correct presentation of Figs. 1 and 3 (Figs. 1 and 2 respectively here) are included in this erratum.
System-level loss minimization of VSI-based induction motor drives

Applications of motor drives, ranging from automotive traction to more-electric aircraft, have widely varying speed and torque demands. With extensive use of inverter-fed drives, loss minimization techniques for such applications have evolved over the past few decades. Previous work on loss minimization has mainly focused on specific drive components. Component-level loss minimization, however, will not guarantee minimum total loss in the drive system. In this paper, a system-level loss minimization method is developed using a comprehensive loss model, to achieve true minimum total loss in the system. The total loss obtained is lower for the proposed system-based minimization than the component-based methods such as machine loss minimization, torque maximization per stator ampere and dc-link loss minimization. Simulation and experimental results for a sample drive cycle are presented to verify the benefits of the proposed scheme for an induction motor drive. Results suggest system loss reduction of about 7%, when compared to machine-based optimization, in high-variability applications.
Family businesses and community development: the role of small business owners and entrepreneurs

AbstractFamily businesses contribute to the economies and social fabric of their communities, often forming the stable business core. Although identified as family businesses, they may also be classified as entrepreneurial or small businesses. Few empirical studies have validated the classification of either group – entrepreneur or small business – based on unique differences or contributions to economic development over time. In this study, panel data from three waves of the National Family Business Survey (USA) spanning 10 years were used to verify the distinct differences between groups. Results indicate the importance of supporting family business owners, whether entrepreneurs or small business owners, in economic development because each group makes important contributions to the long-term sustainability of its community’s economic sector. While entrepreneurs achieve greater gross income and number of employees, small business owners offer stability during economic downturns. Suggestions to guide pol...
Gingival Hypertrophy Associated with Amlodipine Use in an HIV-Infected Woman

Objective:To report the case of a 46-year-old woman with HIV infection who developed gingival hypertrophy while taking amlodipine for hypertension and review the literature discussing gingival hype...
Growth hormone secretion after hypophysial stalk transection in pigs.

AbstractThe level and pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion were investigated in mature ovariectomized gilts after hypophysial stalk transection and sham operation. A nylon disk was inserted between severed ends of the stalk to prevent vascular regeneration. Blood samples were collected via indwelling jugular catheters at 15-min intervals for 3 hr, 2 days before surgery (Day −2) and 2 days after surgery (Day +2), and at 4-hr intervals from Day +3 to Day +8. Mean overall serum concentrations of GH after hypophysial stalk transection remained similar (P > 0.05) to presurgical levels. These mean concentrations also were similar to those in shamoperated and unoperated controls. However, hypophysial stalk transection significantly dampened (P < 0.05) the episodic secretion of GH and resulted in elevated basal blood concentrations of the hormone as compared with either presurgical levels or those in the two control groups. These results indicate that synthesis and secretion of GH continue in the absence of h...
Quantification of damage by air emboli to lung microvessels in anesthetized sheep.

We studied the ultrastructural damage caused by venous air embolization in anesthetized sheep by morphological techniques after monitoring hemodynamics and lymph dynamics. Lung lymph flow and protein flux increased during 1 and 4 h of venous air embolization, results consistent with increased microvascular permeability. Histologically, the air emboli were restricted to the small pulmonary arterial vessels (1,000 to 100 micron in diam). Neutrophils accumulated around the air bubbles and formed intravascular clumps. Ultrastructurally, at the air embolus-blood interface, neutrophils appeared attached to a layer a proteinaceous material. Many neutrophils were in close contact with the pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. We found gaps (0.1–3 micron in width) between the endothelial cells of the pulmonary arterial microvessels. Beneath these gaps the basal lamina was disrupted. Other vessel types were unaffected. Some lymphocytes were seen near the air bubbles and the endothelial cell gaps. Platelets remained discoid, and fibrin clots were not observed. These results indicate that venous air embolization in sheep damages the pulmonary arterial microvessels. Neutrophils are closely associated to both the air emboli and the endothelial cell gaps.
45 EFFECT OF OBESITY ON ATTENUATION-CORRECTED SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING.

Background Previous studies show that attenuation, scatter, and depth resolution correction (AC) improve the uniformity and diagnostic accuracy of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion images. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on recovery of counts after AC and on nonuniformity is not well known and was investigated in this study. Methods We identified 120 patients (60 men and 60 women) who had normal stress/rest gated SPECT perfusion imaging with Tc-99m tracer. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, left bundle branch block, and non-sinus rhythm were excluded. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on BMI. Group I had BMI 30. The activity was counted in 9 segments per patient before and after AC. The percent increase was measured using the formula (corrected 2 uncorrected)/uncorrected 3 100. The uniformity was measured as percent difference between the highest and lowest segment counts both before and after AC. Results There was a 6- to 10-fold increase in counts after AC ( p Conclusion AC results in marked count recovery that is dependent on BMI but an improvement in uniformity that is independent of BMI.
Non-productive Pesticide Poisoning in Baoshan District of Shanghai City from 2001 to 2010

[Objective]To understand the situation of non-productive pesticide poisoning in Baoshan District of Shanghai City,so as to develop effective management measures to control and reduce the occurrence of pesticide poisoning.[Methods]Pesticide poisoning report cards from 2001 to 2010 in Baoshan District were collected and analyzed by Excel.[Results]A total of 494 pesticide poisoning cases were reported,including 404 non-productive pesticide poisoning cases and 57 deaths with a fatality rate of 14.11%.The main pesticides leading to non-productive pesticide poisoning were organic phosphorus pesticides among which dichlorphos poisonings occupied the highest proportion.The peak period of poisoning was between July and September.[Conclusion]Supervision and management of pesticides should be strengthened with safe use of pesticides being publicized and trained as well;besides,great attention should be paid to non-productive pesticide poisoning,the ideological quality of farmers should be improved with rescue measures of pesticide poisoning being strengthened to bring down the mortality and to protect the labor force in countryside.
Using JFLAP to engage students and improve learning of computer science theory: tutorial presentation

Many students experience both difficulty and lack of engagement during their introductions to the essential computer science theory concepts of formal languages and automata. JFLAP is a freely-available, interactive, visual application that provides a means to close the engagement gap between students and this knowledge area. Participants will gain hands-on experience with the JFLAP application and its use to support learning these CS theory concepts: regular languages (deterministic and non-deterministic finite automata, regular grammars, regular expressions); context-free languages (push-down automata, context-free grammars, Chomsky normal form); the regular and context-free language pumping lemmas; Turing machines and unrestricted grammars.
A G-Rich Motif in the lncRNA Braveheart Interacts with a Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor to Specify the Cardiovascular Lineage

Summary Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of transcripts that can modulate gene expression; however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we experimentally determine the secondary structure of Braveheart ( Bvht ) using chemical probing methods and show that this ∼590 nt transcript has a modular fold. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of mouse embryonic stem cells, we find that deletion of 11 nt in a 5′ asymmetric G-rich internal loop (AGIL) of Bvht ( bvht dAGIL ) dramatically impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation. We demonstrate a specific interaction between AGIL and cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP/ZNF9), a zinc-finger protein known to bind single-stranded G-rich sequences. We further show that CNBP deletion partially rescues the bvht dAGIL mutant phenotype by restoring differentiation capacity. Together, our work shows that Bvht functions with CNBP through a well-defined RNA motif to regulate cardiovascular lineage commitment, opening the door for exploring broader roles of RNA structure in development and disease.
Long-term survivors of childhood bone and soft tissue sarcomas are at risk of hospitalization.

BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors can have a high burden of chronic conditions related to cancer treatment, some of which are debilitating or potentially life-threatening. Much remains to be learned about late effects in bone and soft tissue sarcoma survivors. PROCEDURES The Utah Cancer Registry was used to identify survivors of bone (N = 71) and soft tissue sarcomas (N = 98) who were diagnosed at ages 0-20 years between 1973 and 2007 and were alive at least 5 years after diagnosis. We selected an age-sex-matched comparison cohort (N = 934). Hospitalizations from 1996 to 2012 were extracted from the Utah Department of Health statewide inpatient hospitalization discharge records. Cox, Poisson, and Gamma regressions were used to evaluate the risk of hospitalization, rate of admission, and length of stay for survivors versus the comparison cohort. Primary ICD-9 codes defined the most common reasons for hospitalizations. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) of any hospitalization was higher for survivors in reference to the comparison cohort (HR = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-2.97). Survivors experienced more hospital admissions (rate ratio [RR] = 4.58, 95% CI 3.92-5.35) and longer length of stay (RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.12-1.46) compared with the comparison cohort. Survivors treated with any chemotherapy were at three-fold higher risk (HR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.94-5.83) of hospitalization compared with survivors who received surgery and/or radiation alone. Among hospitalized survivors, the most common reason was injury for bone tumor (26.8%) and neoplasm for soft tissue sarcoma (12.2%). CONCLUSION Childhood survivors of bone tumor and soft tissue sarcoma face ongoing risk of hospitalization for years after diagnosis.
Spatiotemporal Encoding of Vowels in Noise Studied with the Responses of Individual Auditory-Nerve Fibers

The neural basis for robust speech perception exhibited by human listeners (e.g., across sound levels or background noises) remains unknown. The encoding of spectral shape based on auditory-nerve (AN) discharge rate degrades significantly at high sound levels, particularly in high spontaneousrate (SR) fibers (Sachs and Young 1979). However, continued support for rate coding has come from the observations that robust spectral coding occurs in some low-SR fibers for vowels in quiet and that rate-difference profiles provide enough information to account for behavioral discrimination of vowels (Conley and Keilson 1995; May, Huang, Le Prell, and Hienz 1996). Despite this support, it is clear that temporal codes are more robust than rate (Young and Sachs 1979), especially in noise (Delgutte and Kiang 1984; Sachs, Voigt, and Young 1983). Sachs et al. (1983) showed that rate coding in low-SR fibers was significantly degraded at a moderate signal-to-noise ratio for which human perception is robust. In contrast, temporal coding based on the average-localized-synchronized-rate (ALSR) remained robust. Although temporal coding based on ALSR is often shown to be robust, evidence for neural mechanisms to decode these cues is limited. Spatiotemporal mechanisms have been proposed for decoding these types of cues (e.g., Carney, Heinz, Evilsizer, Gilkey, and Colburn 2002; Deng and Geisler 1987; Shamma 1985). However, the detailed evaluation of spatiotemporal mechanisms has been limited primarily to modeling studies due to difficulties associated with the large population responses that are required to study spatiotemporal coding (e.g., see Palmer 1990). For example, Deng and Geisler (1987) used a transmission-line based AN model to suggest that spectral coding based on the peak cross-correlation between adjacent best-frequency (BF) channels was robust in the presence of background noise. In the present study, spectral coding of vowels in noise based on rate, ALSR, and a simple cross-BF coincidence detection scheme is evaluated from the responses of single AN fibers. By using data from a single AN fiber, many of the difficulties associated with large-population studies are eliminated.
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORES FOR ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK STRATIFICATION IN SMOKERS: MESA

Introduction: The USPSTF recommends screening for lung cancer with annual low-dose CT (LDCT) in certain patients. Criteria include age 55-80 years, at least 30 pack-year smoking history, and current smoking or having quit within 15 years. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is not routinely reported in
Optimal Design of Prestressed Laminate/Ceramic Plate Assemblies

It is well known that the dynamic compressive strength of ceramics is enhanced by confining compressive stress. The paper shows how a biaxial in-plane compressive stress can be induced in a ceramic layer by encapsulation in a fiber-prestressed composite laminate. Optimal prestress distribution in individual plies of the laminate is found, together with the resulting residual stresses. Large compressive stress, 600–1000 MPa can be supported in an alumina layer by aramid/epoxy or carbon/epoxy laminates of the same total thickness as the ceramic. Stress relaxation due to either temperature changes or matrix creep is found to be of minor significance. Examples present results for specific material systems and laminate layups.
Moral rationalism and psychopathy: Affective responses to reason

AbstractEvidence suggests that psychopaths’ notoriously immoral behavior is due to affective rather than rational deficits. This evidence could be taken to show that, contrary to moral rationalism, moral norms are not norms of reason. Rationalists could reply either that psychopaths’ behavior is in fact primarily due to rational deficits or that affects are involved in responding to rational norms. Drawing on the work of Antonio Damasio and colleagues, I argue the latter is the better defense of moral rationalism.
Functional Nanoclay Suspension for Printing-Then-Solidification of Liquid Materials.

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the freeform fabrication of complex structures from various build materials. The objective of this study is to develop a novel Laponite nanoclay-enabled “printing-then-solidification” additive manufacturing approach to extrude complex three-dimensional (3D) structures made of various liquid build materials. Laponite, a member of the smectite mineral family, is investigated to serve as a yield-stress support bath material for the extrusion printing of liquid build materials. Using the printing-then-solidification approach, the printed structure remains liquid and retains its shape with the help of the Laponite support bath. Then the completed liquid structures are solidified in situ by applying suitable cross-linking mechanisms. Finally, the solidified structures are harvested from the Laponite nanoclay support bath for any further processing as needed. Due to its chemical and physical stability, liquid build materials with different solidification/curing/gelation mechan...
Kinome in renal cell carcinoma: Mutation analysis of 518 kinases and expression of 400 tumors

5013 Background: Protein kinases are frequently mutated in human cancer and inhibitors of mutant protein kinases have proven to be effective anticancer drugs. In addition, expression levels of these protein kinases have also been associated with drug efficacy allowing prediction of drug response. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) constitutes approximately 3% of all cancer incidence and deaths. Methods: We screened the coding sequences of 518 protein kinases (approximately 1.3 mb of DNA per sample) for somatic mutations in 69 kindey tumors of different subtypes. We also studied the expression of these kinases in 400 kidney tumors of different subtypes and prognosis by gene expression profiling using the Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip platform. The bioinformatic analysis is focused on the 518 protein kinases. Results: We identified 22 mutations (16 missense, 3 silent, 1 nonsense, 1 frameshift and 1 in-frame) in 16 samples. In expression profiling, we detected differential expression of protein kinases betwee...
Making Meaning in the Wake of Trauma: Resilience and Redemption

Abstract The chapter introduces some of the central themes in the empirical and clinical literature on reconstructing meaning after trauma. A certain number of especially resilient people may adjust almost seamlessly to extremely negative events in their lives, whereas many others find that the presuppositions about self and world that sustained them in the past have now been undermined. Their efforts to make new meanings in the wake of trauma involve a wide range of interpretive and strategic operations, from trying to explain how and why the trauma occurred (sense making) to construing personal benefits from adversity. In the most successful outcomes, posttraumatic growth entails constructing a redemptive story around personal trauma and integrating that story within a broader, self-defining life narrative. Making meaning out of trauma through life narration is as much a social phenomenon as a personal one, and it is decisively shaped by culture.
The Construction of Gender in Ugandan English Textbooks: A Focus on Gendered Discourses.

Informed by a feminist post-structural framework, this study departs from the overriding emphasis on explicit constructions of women in textbooks. It focuses on culturally implicit knowledge and/or...
Family Commitment, Role Perceptions, Social Support, and Mutual Children in Remarriage: A Test of Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Abstract Family commitment is a promising multidimensional phenomenon to consider in the study of family relationships, yet may be difficult for remarried families to achieve due to high levels of uncertainty that are inherent in remarried family life. Using uncertainty reduction theory to examine family commitment, the 54 participants were highly committed to their families, perceived moderately high levels of support for their current relationship from family members, and had a high degree of role certainty and role clarity. Support, particularly from the current relationship, was significantly related to both family commitment and to role clarity. Significant differences were also found in family commitment and the amount of perceived support, based on whether a mutual child was born in the remarriage.
Interventions Aimed at Improving Child Language by Improving Maternal Responsivity.

Abstract Maternal responsivity, or the ways in which mothers provide for, interact with, and respond to their children, helps to shape their children's development, including language development. In this chapter, we describe maternal responsivity as a multilevel construct with different measures appropriate for each level. Molar responsivity refers to aspects of interaction style such as affect that can best be measured with rating scales. Molecular responsivity refers to contingent maternal behaviors that occur in response to child behaviors; and are best reflected by the frequencies of occurrence of these contingent behaviors. Results of many studies have demonstrated that both molar and molecular responsivity are related to important child outcomes such as language development. Children of more responsive mothers tend to have better outcomes. Based on these findings, interventions aimed at improving maternal responsivity and thereby child language outcomes have been developed and investigated through a number of studies. Results have shown positive outcomes for maternal responsivity and lesser secondary benefits to child language outcomes. Some of the qualities that appear associated with better outcomes include timing the interventions to co-occur with specific developments in child behaviors, teaching over a span of approximately 10–12 sessions, and designing lessons to be culturally sensitive to individual families.
Straniere a Se Stesse. Identità femminili e stilistica visuale nel cinema di Michelangelo Antonioni degli anni cinquanta, by Andrea Malaguti

Michelangelo Antonioni’s career spanned six decades, each one somewhat distinct in terms of narrative focus and development of filmic technique. Especially now with critical interest in ‘slow cinem...
A test of the effectiveness of the Retcam digital retina camera for screening retinopathy in young children

Objective To observe the image and incidence of retinopathy in young children examined by RetCam Ⅱ digital retina camera and evaluate its effectiveness in diagnosis of retinopathy.To provide scientific proof for early intervention on children exemption from impairment of low vision or blindness.Methods It was a cross-sectional study.Four thousand five hundred and seventy-four children from September 2009 to December 2010 were examined by RetCam Ⅱ digitial retina camera after pupils dilated,and the images were saved for analysis.Cases were counted and expressed as percentage.Results RetCam Ⅱ digitial retina camera examination identified 667 patients with retinal abnormality from 4574 young children.The screening positive rate reached 14.58％.Among the 667 patients,412 cases were diagnosed of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP),151 cases of ocular fundus hemorrhage,7 cases of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,6 cases of hypoplasia of retina,62 cases of exudative retinopathy,3 cases of cataract,8 cases of morning-glory syndrome,7 cases of retinoblastoma,3 cases of optic atrophy and 7 cases of macular disease,1 cases of fungal retinitis.Conclusion RetCam Ⅱ digitial retina camera could capture the objective images of retina with disease or after treatment,it is useful and effective in the early screening and intervention on children with retinopathy in clinic.ROP is the most common retinopathy in infants,who with short geststional age and low birth weight were more prone to develop ROP. Key words: Young children; Fundus diseases; Retcam-Ⅱ digitial retina camera; Retinopathy, prematurity
Culture, cognition, and college: How do cultural values and theories of intelligence predict students’ intrinsic value for learning?

This research explored the cultural and cognitive factors that promoted college students’ intrinsic value for academic learning, which has been shown to be an important correlate of college students’ GPA. Cultural values and theories of intelligence were both hypothesized to predict students’ intrinsic value, but only cultural values were shown to be an important predictor in these relationships. Explanations and implications for these findings are explored.
Creating Clever Internet Memes Perpetuates Offensiveness

Communicators who generate internet memes often pair clever captions with photos. In line with prejudiced norm theory, meme creation may engender a norm of tolerance for discrimination. In this exp...
A Most Unsure Grip: Choice IV

This chapter “A Most Unsure Grip: Choice IV” focuses on the Framers final critical decision regarding the allocation of power—the design and structure of the executive branch. For all our focus on James Madison’s brilliance as a strategist and political thinker, as well as the careful design and arrangement of the system, the executive branch is one area in which his otherwise keen abilities seemed to have faltered and ultimately failed him. Like many of his fellow delegates, he was torn between the need to empower the federal government under the executive branch and the need to protect liberty by ensuring against tyranny. Madison’s uncertainty regarding the construction of Article II played out at the Convention as the delegates struggled to come to an agreement on everything from the number of executives the state should have to issues regarding the presidents’ tenure, term, selection, and powers. As James MacGregor Burns writes, what is astounding is that the US Constitution is often used as an “example of audacious and effective political planning”—yet when it comes to “its most creative element, the Presidency” that was the one area “on which the Framers’ grip was most unsure.” We are still living with the results of the Framers discomfort regarding how to construct and empower an executive in a democratic republic today.
86Y PET imaging.

Abstract Yttrium-86 is a non-standard positron emitter that can provide dosimetry information prior to therapy with yttrium-90 radiopharmaceuticals and be used to follow biochemical processes. In this chapter, we discuss the production, purification and applications of 86Y for PET imaging. More specifically, 86Y radiolabeling is highlighted and protocols to determine the radiochemical purity of 86Y-DOTA and 86Y-DTPA are presented.
Electroacoustic tomography (EAT): 2D electric field reconstruction for electroporation treatment monitoring

Electroporation is a technique that uses short-duration (nanosecond to microsecond) high-voltage electric pulses to create temporary pores in cell membranes or irreversibly destroys target cells for cancer treatment. The versatility of electroporation makes the technique ideal for direct drug delivery and cancer treatment. Electroacoustic tomography (EAT) is a novel imaging modality for electroporation treatment monitoring, that utilizes the existing energy deposited by highvoltage electrical fields created in the electroporation process. In EAT, ultrasound waves are generated by the deposited electric potential energy and captured by different configurations of ultrasound transducers. After being captured, the ultrasound information is used to reconstruct the geometric information of the electric field distribution in the target medium. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of electroacoustic tomography (EAT) by creating a 2D reconstruction of an electric field in the water. A custom high-voltage electric pulse generating device was made for delivering nanosecond duration pulses in water through two electrodes. A 500Khz ultrasound transducer was placed near the electrodes and rotated to capture the acoustic information from 180 positions. The corresponding 2D reconstruction of the electric field in water was completed by using filtered back-projection algorithm. The successful reconstruction of the electrical field in water marks the important step of EAT development for in-situ electroporation monitoring.
Respiratory Distress in the Newborn with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is inherited in a predominantly autosomal recessive manner with over 45 currently identified causative genes. It is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that results in a chronic wet cough and drainage from the paranasal sinuses, chronic otitis media with hearing impairment as well as male infertility. Approximately 50% of patients have situs inversus totalis. Prior to the development of chronic oto-sino-pulmonary symptoms, neonatal respiratory distress occurs in more than 80% of patients as a result of impaired mucociliary clearance and mucus impaction causing atelectasis and lobar collapse. Diagnosis is often delayed due to overlapping symptoms with other causes of neonatal respiratory distress. A work up for PCD should be initiated in the newborn with compatible clinical features, especially those with respiratory distress, consistent radiographic findings or persistent oxygen requirement and/or organ laterality defects
Anatomic Considerations of Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Objective Though microvascular free tissue transfer is well established for open skull base reconstruction, normative data regarding flap design and inset after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS) is lacking. We aim to describe anatomical considerations of endoscopic endonasal inset of free tissue transfer of transclival (TC) and anterior cranial base resection (ACBR) defects. Design and Setting Radial forearm free tissue transfer (RFFTT) model. Participants Six cadaveric specimens. Main Outcome Measures Pedicle orientation, pedicle length, and recipient vessel intraluminal diameter. Results TC and ACBR defects averaged 17.2 and 11.7 cm2, respectively. Anterior and lateral maxillotomies and endoscopic medial maxillectomies were prepared as corridors for flap and pedicle passage. Premasseteric space tunnels were created for pedicle tunneling to recipient facial vessels. For TC defects, the RFFTT pedicle was oriented cranially with the flap placed against the clival defect (mean pedicle length 13.1 ± 0.6 cm). For ACBR defects, the RFFTT pedicle was examined in three orientations with respect to anterior–posterior axis of the RFFTT: anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally. Lateral orientation offered the shortest average pedicle length required for anastomosis in the neck (11.6 ± 1.29 cm), followed by posterior (13.4 ± 0.7cm) and anterior orientations (14.4 ± 1.1cm) (p Conclusions In ACBR reconstruction using RFFTT, our data suggests lateral pedicle orientation shortens the length required to safely anastomose facial vessels and protects the frontal sinus outflow anteriorly while limiting pedicle exposure through a maxillary corridor within the nasal cavity. With greater understanding of anatomical factors related to successful preoperative flap planning, free tissue transfer may be added to the ESBS reconstruction ladder. Level of Evidence NA
Case of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare diagnosis that carries a high degree of mortality. We present this case of a previously healthy 22-year-old woman, who was admitted acutely ill to the hospital. One week prior, she had been seen by her primary care physician for fatigue and malaise. At that time, she was noted to have anterior and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. She was referred to the emergency room and was diagnosed with acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mononucleosis based on her clinical symptoms and positive heterophile antibody test. She was discharged after an uneventful 48-hour stay on the wards. She represented 7 days after discharge with cough, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, epigastric abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss and subjective fevers. She had also reported haematemesis, epistaxis and melaena. Vital signs included temperature 36.9°C, blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg, heart rate 130 beats per minute and respiratory rate 32 breaths per minute. Physical examination was notable for an acutely ill appearing woman with scleral icterus, hepatosplenomegaly and palpable cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. Complete blood count showed pancytopaenia with haemoglobin 59 g/L (normal 120-160 g/L), white blood cell count 2.7×109/L (normal 4-10.5×109/L) and platelet count 50×109/L (normal 150-450×109/L). The white blood cell count differential included 58% neutrophils (normal 38%-77%) with immature neutrophils in band form elevated at 45% (normal 200 mg/dL). Lipid panel showed cholesterol at 114 mg/dL (normal 125-200 mg/dL), triglycerides 207 mg/dL (normal 30-150 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 10 mg/dL (normal 40-60 mg/dL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 63 mg/dL (normal 1 million copies. These findings were consistent with a diagnosis of HLH secondary to EBV infection. Despite intense therapy with the HLH-94 protocol, the patient expired from her illness after a prolonged hospital course.