cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Need for Clarification in Military Habeas Corpus

During the last twenty-five years the law of federal habeas corpus has undergone rapid and significant development. This development has been undergirded by the basic assumption that finality in criminal justice is to be valued less highly than the interest in assuring that no person is imprisoned or deprived of his life in violation of the Constitution. To that end the Supreme Court has steadily chipped away at the obstacles to adjudication of constitutional claims in federal habeas corpus proceedings. From Johnson v. Zerbst in 1938, to Fay v. Noia in 1963, it has been established not only that federal habeas corpus courts have the power to consider constitutional trial defects, but that the limiting devices on this power, such as the exhaustion requirement, the waiver doctrine, and the "adequate state ground" concept, have been substantially circumscribed. However, this obvious concern for the constitutional rights of state and federal civilian prisoners serves only to magnify the neglect and vacilation generally shown toward the court-martial prisoner by the federal courts. Although the federal district judge need have few, if any, qualms about inquiring into the constitutional defects of a state or federal conviction, if the petitioner is unfortunate enough to have been convicted by a court-martial, that same judge is confronted with and often confused by legal concepts that have been discarded years before with respect to civilian prisoners. It is true that the court martial prisoner has a statutory right to request habeas corpus relief. However, the governing standards laid down by the Supreme Court over twelve years ago in Burns v. Wilson are at best confusing; at worst; they represent an abdication of the federal courts' ultimate authority to determine and define the Constitution and the extent of its application to all citizens, civilian and military alike.A major purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the area of military habeas corpus is in critical need of Supreme Court guidance and clarification. More specifically, however, it will concentrate on one fundamental issue: whether the federal district courts should have the power to make their own determination of the constitutional due process issues raised by a person convicted by a court-martial. Deliberately avoided in this article is any direct consideration of the principles of exhaustion, waiver, or a possible military equivalent of "adequate state grounds." Such doctrines are essentially limiting devices on the issuance of the writ of habeas corpus and, accordingly, appear both to raise as well as cloud the more basic question: Do the federal district courts have the power to adjudicate due process issues with respect to courts-martial in the first place?
Meditation on a simple stitch

Today, in a school of art and design, students are physically and creatively compromised by the demand for use from multiple devices that challenge their minds and bodies making learning a constant debate between the intellect/knowledge and instinct/ practice. Too often, neither wins, and students live detached from the opportunity to learn and develop in a manner that will anchor them in their craft. This paper seeks to provide insight into the importance of building tactile, sensory and creative intelligence through the simple practice and use of handwork in the making of things. Through examples of students who I have worked with as a teacher of millinery I propose that this practice ultimately leads to a high level of and appreciation for craftsmanship which finds expression not only in ones work but in multiple aspects of ones life. Arguing for a renewed cultivation of manual competence in balance with the digital technologies bridging between methods which blend hands and minds into one effort/exercise with immediate results versus methods which take time and patience but result in a multi-faceted and life-long learning experience. Meditating on a single stitch has a power that transcends the act of doing and making to become an essential part of living as a creative individual.
Inspired to Lead: Two Years of Evaluation Data from a Jesuit Ed.D. program for Educational Leadership in Social Justice

Program learning outcomes from a Jesuit Educational Leadership for Social Justice Doctoral (Ed.D.) program were evaluated to determine if candidates were inspired to lead socially just educational communities. This qualitative inquiry went beyond the traditional examination of graduates’ self-perceptions to examine the perspectives of the graduates’ supervisors in the field. Two years of data indicate that graduates were able to take concepts from their coursework and apply them in the field. Findings indicate that the program was transformational, described as a call to action to challenge the status quo, and were corroborated by on-the-job colleagues.
Constitutional Domestication of International Gender Norms: Categorizations, Illustrations, and Reflections from the Nearside of the Bridge

This volume of the "Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law" focuses on gender and human rights, offering diverse perspectives on women's international human rights law. Our chapter focuses on the relationship between international gender norms and domestic constitutional law. As professors of constitutional law, we write from the "nearside" of the increasingly heavily-traveled bridge spanning these two realms of law. We draw upon the constitutional experiences of several countries, including Spain and several Latin American countries, to illustrate the complexity both of the methods by which international human rights law has influenced domestic constitutional law and of the effects that these forms of "domestication" of international gender norms have had on domestic constitutional jurisprudence. These domestic experiences demonstrate how, from its "farside" vantage point, traditional international law scholarship's usual focus on the formally binding domestic status or enforceability of international human rights norms fails to capture the full picture. We present a suggested typology to aid in understanding the rapidly evolving nature of the relationships between international human rights law and domestic constitutional law. We categorize the primary processes by which domestication of international human rights norms occurs as assimilation, supplementation, and adaptation, and provide examples of each. We then examine domestic constitutional jurisprudence to illustrate how the incorporation of international gender norms has helped shape domestic constitutional law by expanding, complementing, or concretizing its substantive contours and, at times, by affecting structural allocations of constitutional power. This volume also includes an Introduction by Karen Knop, University of Toronto Faculty of Law, and chapters on "Feminist Legal Theory and the Rights of Women," by Nicola Lacey, London School of Economics; "Take a Break from Feminism," by Janet Halley, Harvard Law School; "Citizenship in Europe and the Construction of Gender by Law in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights," by Susanne Baer, Humbolt University; "Individual(s') Liability for Collective Sexual Violence," by Patricia Viseur Sellers, Legal Advisor for Gender-related Crimes and Trial Attorney, Office of Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia; "'The Appeals of the Orient': Colonized Desire and the War of the Riff," by Nathaniel Berman, Brooklyn Law School; and "Toward an Understanding of Transnationalism and Gender," by Ruba Salih, University of Bologna.
Conduction-band edge and Shubnikov-de Haas effect in low-electron-density SrTiO3

The Shubnikov--de Haas effect is used to explore the conduction-band edge of high mobility SrTiO${}_{3}$ films doped with La. The results largely confirm the earlier measurements by Uwe et al. [Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 24 (Suppl. 24-2), 335 (1985)]. The band edge dispersion differs significantly from the predictions of ab initio electronic structure theory.
Psychoanalytic Approaches to Treatment-Resistant Combat PTSD

Although not rigorously researched as an independent treatment modality, psychoanalysis in the treatment of combat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may include evidence-based elements such as narration, cognitive restructuring, exposure, and education. For psychoanalytic treatment of PTSD, some of the healing is likely a very slow titration, in a mitigated form, with microlevels of anxiety from exposure, like behavioral treatment. In the prolonged exposure (PE) protocol, the imaginal exposure is the retelling, and this is similar to analysis. Additionally, the in vivo element comes alive in the treatment frame, in that the patient is coming to the office daily and the behavioral experiments become coming in and sitting in the waiting room. It seems to me that psychoanalysis is holistic and noninterventionist in a medical sense. It opens up the possibility of the patient using the psychological holding and containment of the treatment to heal naturally.
Thirteen years of oxcarbazepine exposures reported to US poison centers 2000 to 2012

Objectives:Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a 10-keto analogue of carbamazepine used in patients with partial and secondary generalized seizures. We evaluated ingestions of OXC reported to US poison centers ...
Review of small-scale tubular anaerobic digesters treating livestock waste in the developing world

Abstract Small-scale tubular anaerobic digesters are an attractive technology for treatment of livestock waste in the developing world. These systems produce biogas (a mixture of CH4 and CO2) that is mainly used for cooking. Digester effluent is rich in nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and can be used as a soil amendment. These systems also assist in mitigating deforestation by providing an alternative fuel source, reducing water pollution due to runoff of untreated livestock waste, decreasing air pollution from biomass combustion and promoting gender equality. However, for these benefits to be significant, the effects of design, substrate characteristics and operating parameters on system performance must be understood. This review provides a detailed summary of the research that has been conducted on tubular anaerobic digesters treating livestock waste in developing countries. Links between successful digester performance and energy, environmental, public health and social benefits are also provided. In addition, this review discusses governmental policies that have successfully increased adoption of livestock waste anaerobic digestion systems in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Publication and Dating of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie: Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articulés (1846–1849) by Pierre Hippolyte Lucas

The history of the Exploration Scientifique de l’Algerie and the publication of its results are given. The contents of theplates and text for the livraisons of the 3-volume set of Pierre Hippolyte Lucas’s Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules are researched and dates of publication proposed, with annotations given on the composition of text and plates of eachlivraison, including notice of the dating of plates of birds, fish, reptiles, and mammals, the new names therein which pre-date their publication in text in some cases as much as 20 years later. An index to all taxa proposed as new in this work is presented giving the earliest known date of publication for each name.
Evaluation of Multiple Methods for Detection of Gastrointestinal Colonization of Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms from Rectal Swabs

Rectal swabs from high-risk patients were screened for carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) using several methods. The direct MacConkey plate method was the most sensitive for CROs (95%), while chromID CARBA and the Check-Direct CPE screen assay were the most sensitive for the detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) (100%; all blaKPC). All methods had a specificity of >90% for CROs, and for CPOs, the specificity ranged from 85 to 98%. Broth enrichment methods performed poorly compared to direct inoculation methods, negating the need for the broth enrichment step.
Parasites of mammals on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro, New Mexico: Cuterebra austeni and C. neomexicana (Diptera:Oestridae) from Neotoma and Peromyscus (Rodentia:Muridae), 1991-1994.

In total, 6,486 rodents representing 3 families (Muridae, Heteromyidae, and Sciuridae) and 24 species were trapped May through August of 1991 through 1994. Of these, only the white-throated woodrat, Neotoma albigula Hartley; pinon mouse, Peromyscus truei Shufeldt; and white-footed mouse, P. leucopus Rafinesque, were infested with Cuterebra Clark larvae. Of the 594 N. albigula that were captured, 103 (17.3%) were infested with 139 Cuterebra larvae with all infestations occurring in the throat region. N. albigula infestations were observed in 4 of 5 habitats sampled. The highest prevalence of infestation occurred during May–June (27.2%) versus July–August (9.1%) and in males (25.2%) versus females (18.3%). Prevalence of infestation was not significantly different between animals from the mark-release webs versus removal webs or adults versus juveniles. Also, there was no correlation between relative density of N. albigida and prevalence of infestation. Fifteen adults were reared from puparia and identified as C. austeni Sabrosky. Of 716 P. truei captured, 22 (3.1%) were infested with a total of 25 Cuterebra larvae with all infestations occurring in the scapular region. Although P. truei were captured in all 5 habitats, they were only infested in the pinon-juniper habitat; the highest prevalence of infestation occurred during July–August (10.9%) versus May–June (3.3%). Prevalence of infestation was not significantly different between animals from mark-release webs versus removal webs, males versus females, or adults versus juveniles. As in the N. albigula, there was no correlation between relative density of P. truei and prevalence of infestation. The adult reared from a puparium was identified as C. neomexicana Sabrosky. Of the 310 P. leucopus captured, only 3 (1%) were infested with Cuterebra larvae.
Why relational nominals make good concealed questions

Abstract Concealed questions are determiner phrases that are interpreted as if they were questions. For instance, I found out Bill's age can be paraphrased as I found out what Bill's age is . It has long been observed by Lobner and others that DPs headed by inherently relational nouns such as age make excellent concealed questions, but simple DPs headed by sortal nouns such as brick do not: it is difficult or impossible to interpret ?? I found out the brick as meaning anything, let alone as containing a concealed question. I argue that this systematic restriction on concealed questions follows from the nature of questions in natural language. Questions generally contain two parts: a foreground, which identifies a set of alternatives, and a background, which distinguishes among those alternatives. For instance, the question Who left? identifies a set of relevant people (the foreground) and asks which of those objects have the property of leaving (the background). My main claim is that in order to qualify as a concealed question, a DP must provide both a foreground and a background. For a DP headed by a relational noun, such as Bill's age , this is natural: the set of ages serves as the alternatives (the foreground), and the property of standing in the appropriate relation to the possessor (Bill) serves as the distinguishing property (the background). In contrast, simple sortal DPs provide only a set of objects (e.g., the set of bricks), without providing any property for distinguishing one brick from another. It is this lack of foreground/background structure that makes DPs headed by sortal nouns defective as concealed questions.
CAUSE ANALYSIS OF FIRE-RESISTANT OIL'S RESISTIVITY SURPASSING SET STANDARD IN OPERATION AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES THEREOF

In southern power grid of Hebei Province,20% of turbo-generator sets have problem of fire-resistant oil's resistivity surpassing standard in operation.Based on test study in many years,the main causes of resistivity surpassing set standard have been pointed out as follows:(1)unstrict supervision in buying new fire-resistant oil;(2)the fire-resistant oil being polluted by polarized matters;(3)oil temperature in operation was not properly controlled,or partial overtemperature points existing in the system;(4)high water content in the fire-resistant oil.For this,the methods for solving said problems and corresponding countermeasures have been put forward.
A staining technique to demonstrate erythrocyte refractile bodies in cat blood.

SUMMARY Erythrocyte refractile (ER) bodies in feline blood can be readily recognized in thin dry unfixed smears stained by the myeloperoxidase staining procedure of Sato and Sekiya. A staining technique to demonstrate ER bodies was developed combining a brief exposure to 0 · 5 per cent copper sulphate solution and the Wright–Leishman staining procedure. The technique clearly reveals ER bodies and produces a permanent preparation. The smear is also suitable for a differential leucocyte count and examination of morphologic features of leucocytes.
Effects of Touch, Voice, and Multimodal Input on Multiple-UAV Monitoring During Simulated Manned-Unmanned Teaming in a Military Helicopter:

A key component of the U.S. Army’s vision for future unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations is to integrate UAVs into manned missions, an effort called manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T; Department ...
Secondary dormancy induction and release in Bromus tectorum seeds: The role of temperature, water potential and hydrothermal time

Seeds of the winter annual Bromus tectorum lose primary dormancy in summer and are poised to germinate rapidly in the autumn. If rainfall is inadequate, seeds remain ungerminated and may enter secondary dormancy under winter conditions. We quantified conditions under which seeds enter secondary dormancy in the laboratory and field and also examined whether contrasting B. tectorum genotypes responded differently to dormancy induction cues. The study also extends previous hydrothermal time models for primary dormancy loss and germination timing in B. tectorum by using similar models to account for induction and loss of secondary dormancy. Maximum secondary dormancy was achieved in the laboratory after 4 weeks at –1.0 MPa and 5°C. Seeds in the field became increasingly dormant through exposure to temperatures and water potentials in this range, confirming laboratory results. They were released from dormancy through secondary after-ripening the following summer. Different genotypes showed contrasting responses to dormancy induction cues in both laboratory and field. To examine secondary dormancy induction and release in the field in terms of hydrothermal time parameters, we first created a model that allowed mean base water potential (Ψb(50)) to vary while holding other hydrothermal time parameters constant, as in models for primary dormancy loss under dry conditions. The second model allowed all three model parameters to vary through time, to account for changes (e.g. hydrothermal time accumulation) that could occur simultaneously with dormancy induction in imbibed seeds. Shifts in Ψb(50) could explain most changes in dormancy status for seeds retrieved from the field, except during the short period prior to dormancy induction, when hydrothermal time was accumulating. This study illustrates that hydrothermal modelling, and specifically changes in Ψb(50), can be used to characterize secondary dormancy induction and loss in B. tectorum.
Conservatism, Liberalism, and Postmodern Identity

Throughout recent discussions of race, gender, and identity, both sides of the political spectrum avoid addressing the central concept of what the “Other” is. Using the psychoanalytic insights of Slavoj Zizek combined with the philosophical writings of Jean Baudrillard and Albert Camus, this paper will argue for the rejection of left liberalism, political correctness, and conservative cultural theory due to their inability to allow the subject more freedoms in relation to the Other. In postmodern times we find that the left has been duped into continuing the proliferation of conservative cultural ideology and that political correctness only works to continue capitalism as an acceptable economic structure. Finally, this paper looks at Zizek and Camus’ writings on possible solutions to this problem of identity being linked to capitalism.
Cartografias da cidadania diferenciada em Luiz Ruffato e Guillermo Saccomanno

O ensaio examina a relacao entre o espaco urbano e a constituicao e/ou a erosao da cidadania em selecoes da colecao Inferno provisorio , de Luiz Ruffato, e a novela El pibe , do escritor argentino Guillermo Saccomano. Estes textos tracam uma cartografia literaria dos espacos proletarios e dos direitos cidadaos (assim como a falta destes) associados a estes espacos. Os livros demonstramficcionalmente o processo dinâmico da cidadania, sua implementacao desigual e como a cartografia material e imaginaria reflete, reforca e, por vezes, questiona estas configuracoes.
Fecal Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Numerous fecal biomarkers have been shown to correlate with disease activity in Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal calprotectin (FC) and lactoferrin are the two most frequently studied. FC in particular has been extensively studied and shown to have sufficient sensitivity and specificity for detecting mucosal inflammation to aid in initial diagnosis prior to ileocolonoscopy. Emerging research in CD and UC shows acceptable correlation of FC with endoscopic activity, prediction of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) relapse, and therapy responsiveness. Given their relative ease of collection and lower cost, fecal biomarkers appear promising as a noninvasive test to improve disease monitoring in standard of care.
Case 95: Postoperative Changes from the Frey Procedure for Chronic Pancreatitis

65-year-old woman with recurrent bouts of severe pancreatitis was status post surgical intervention.
New Democratic Sciences, Ethics, and Proper Publics:

In this article, I examine the rhetoric of democratic science within the field of synthetic biology. The still emerging field of synthetic biology claims to be a new kind of science based on the pr...
Social Exclusion Increases Aggression and Self-Defeating Behavior while Reducing Intelligent Thought and Prosocial Behavior

A lmost everyone has had the experience of feeling socially excluded:being alone on a Saturday night and feeling lonely; being rejected bypeers, perhaps by means of cruel teasing; experiencing a divorce or the breakup of a romantic relationship; or having a friend cancel a social occasion because she found something more interesting to do. Because being with people is such a fundamental human need (Baumeister & Leary, 1995), these experiences can have a strong impact.
A reference-based protein degradation assay without global translation inhibitors

Although it is widely appreciated that the use of global translation inhibitors, such as cycloheximide, in protein degradation assays may result in artefacts, these inhibitors continue to be employed, owing to the absence of robust alternatives. We describe here the promoter reference technique (PRT), an assay for protein degradation with two advantageous features: a reference protein and a gene-specific inhibition of translation. In PRT assays, one measures, during a chase, the ratio of a test protein to a long-lived reference protein, a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The test protein and DHFR are coexpressed, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on a low-copy plasmid from two identical PTDH3 promoters containing additional, previously developed DNA elements. Once transcribed, these elements form 5′-RNA aptamers that bind to the added tetracycline, which represses translation of aptamer-containing mRNAs. The selectivity of repression avoids a global inhibition of translation. This selectivity is particularly important if a component of a relevant proteolytic pathway (e.g. a specific ubiquitin ligase) is itself short-lived. We applied PRT to the Pro/N-end rule pathway, whose substrates include the short-lived Mdh2 malate dehydrogenase. Mdh2 is targeted for degradation by the Gid4 subunit of the GID ubiquitin ligase. Gid4 is also a metabolically unstable protein. Through analyses of short-lived Mdh2 as a target of short-lived Gid4, we illustrate the advantages of PRT over degradation assays that lack a reference and/or involve cycloheximide. In sum, PRT avoids the use of global translation inhibitors during a chase and also provides a “built-in” reference protein.
Abstract WP57: Prevalence of CTA Spot Sign in Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Background: The presence of spot sign on computed tomography angiogram (CTA) source images is a sign of active bleeding and can predict hematoma expansion in intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH). The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of spot sign in intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), whether isolated or combined with IPH, and its prediction of hematoma expansion. Methods: We retrieved data of hemorrhagic stroke patients seen at our medical center from January 2015 to June 2017- total of 293 patients. We excluded 61 patients who did not have CTA. All medical records were reviewed to obtain the patients demographics and factors associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Patients were grouped into three groups based on the location of hemorrhage-based (IPH, isolated IVH or combined IPH and IVH), and the presence or absence of spot sign in each subgroup was evaluated. The prevalence and rates of hematoma expansion were compared between groups using Pearson chi-square test. Results: Among 232 subjects included in our analysis, 28 patients (12.1%) had a positive spot sign. A positive spot sign was identified in 11.8% of patients with IPH and 16.4% of patients with combined IPH and IVH. Only 7.8% of patients with isolated IVH had positive spot sign. A total of 68% of patients with a positive spot sign developed hematoma expansion. Among IPH, combined IPH and IVH and isolated IVH groups with a spot sign, 72%, 77% and 100% respectively demonstrated hematoma expansion. On the contrary, 35%, 44% and 31% of patient without a spot sign developed hematoma expansion (P value: Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of spot sign in intraventricular hemorrhage is comparable to intraparenchymal hemorrhage despite its lower incidence in patients with isolated intraventricular hemorrhage. Nonetheless, spot sign in patients with IVH could be a good predictor of hematoma expansion.
Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. The Alzheimer's brain: finding out what's broken tells us how to fix it.

The unusual form of dementia described ∼100 years ago by Alois Alzheimer, now known as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has become a scourge in the 21st century due to the unprecedented increase in human life expectancy since 1900, when AD was an uncommon cause of dementia. Indeed, because the risk of developing AD increases exponentially beyond the seventh decade of life, the prevalence of this neurodegenerative disorder will continue to rise inexorably in the coming decades unless effective interventions can delay its onset or retard its progression. The widespread international recognition of the urgency of this problem has accelerated efforts to translate the remarkable discoveries throughout the past 20 years from research on AD into meaningful therapies for this disorder. For example, advances in understanding mechanisms underlying the conversion of normal soluble tau and Aβ into insoluble fibrils that form neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques (SPs), respectively, are beginning to clarify how these hallmark lesions of AD contribute to the dysfunction and degeneration of selectively vulnerable neurons in the AD brain. These new insights have led to the identification of multiple novel targets for AD drug discovery to block or reverse Aβ amyloidosis and, more recently, to develop tau-focused therapeutic interventions for the treatment of AD and related tauopathies.
Nanophthalmic Sclera: Morphologic and Tissue Culture Studies

We performed morphologic and tissue culture studies on scleral tissues obtained from a nanophthalmic patient. Seen by light and electron microscopy, collagens in these unusually thick scleral tissues were arranged in irregularly interlacing bundles. The size of the collagen fibers was more variable than that observed in the controls. These abnormal fibers appeared twisted and, in some areas, were more closely packed. In tissue culture, scleral cells derived from the nanophthalmic patient synthesized proteins and collagen at a rate similar to that of normal control cells. The level of glycosaminoglycan produced, however, was markedly reduced. The modified glycosaminoglycan metabolism in scleral cells may be related to the abnormal packing of collagen bundles, which may in turn contribute to the thickening of sclera and the formation of nanophthalmos.
Chapter 11: Policy-Based Financial Planning: Decision Rules for a Changing World

Financial planning policies are compact decision rules that can act as a touchstone to both clients and their advisors and allow for rapid decision making in the face of a changing environment. Good policies represent the distillation of client goals and values, as well as the relevant financial planning best practices, in a form that can both anchor the client to a consistent course of action and save the advisor from the necessity of crunching the numbers every time a question arises. Financial planning policies can be thought of as a form of "choice architecture" designed to neutralize and/or leverage behavioral biases in favor of financial planning best practices. Evidence suggests that in the process of developing policies, involving the client to such a large degree is associated with higher levels of client trust and relationship commitment. Further, trust and commitment are associated with qualities predictive of a successful financial planning engagement, including higher client satisfaction and retention as well as a greater propensity to reveal personal and financial information and implement planning recommendations.
Abnormalities of Conduction (Exclusive of Second- and Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block)

In cases where the intervals are all prolonged, especially if an apparent bradycardia is present, it is necessary to find out whether the paper speed was set correctly, since recording the electrocardiogram (ECG) at a 50 mm/sec paper speed instead of the usual 25 mm/sec will cause apparent lengthening of the intervals. Abnormalities of conduction manifesting as alterations in the cardiac rhythm were discussed in Chapter 5. Alterations in the axis, which can also be caused by abnormalities of conduction, are discussed in this chapter.
Diet, exercise, and lifestyle in preparation for menopause

SUMMARY This article reviewed conservative measures in dealing with issues of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease prevention. The scientific evidence for each singular intervention is difficult to extract because there are so many confounding parameters. Moreover, improvement in nutrition and diet has its greatest impact on premenopausal women. Needless to say, a total health care approach is still beneficial: exercise, a low-fat and normocalcemic diet, and proper use of ERT. These issues need to be a concern for both the pre- and postmenopausal woman. Gynecologists as primary health care providers need to incorporate this knowledge into their practices. They should clearly understand both the benefits and shortcomings of a nutritional and exercise approach in osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease prophylaxis. In using this knowledge premenopausally, they can better prepare women for the menopause.
Mortality results from an oral oncolytic symptom management trial.

e23139Background: Although mortality rates have declined, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. There has been an increase in prescriptions of oral oncolytic agents...
DBS and Autonomy: Clarifying the Role of Theoretical Neuroethics.

In this article, we sketch how theoretical neuroethics can clarify the concept of autonomy. We hope that this can both serve as a model for the conceptual clarification of other components of PIAAAS (personality, identity, agency, authenticity, autonomy, and self) and contribute to the development of the empirical measures that Gilbert and colleagues [1] propose.
Using Project-Based Learning to Teach STEAM

Teaching STEAM courses is more effective when students integrate information across disciplines. While the study of individual disciplines in K12 produces useful knowledge on the part of the learner, it is only by drawing on the knowledge base of several of these disciplines, including the arts, that many complex real-world problems can be addressed. Project-Based Learning (PBL) provides excellent opportunities for integrated learning by using student-directed problem-solving to produce a product and, in so doing, gain mastery of concepts. PBL projects usually are implemented by a small student team with the teachers functioning as advisors or guides to the team to produce a final product. Projects can be designed around current curriculum standards and often include opportunities for advancing skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and oral and written presentations. PBL projects may take from several days to several months to complete and often culminate with a public presentation. This chapter both focuses on the educational theory that lies behind the use of PBLs.
Recruitment Challenges for Low-Risk Health System Intervention Trials in Older Adults: A Case Study.

OBJECTIVE To assess factors associated with trial participation in the context of a low-risk intervention intended to reduce adverse drug events in recently hospitalized older adults. DESIGN Mixed methods: analysis of data collected during enrollment efforts and focus groups. SETTING A large, multispecialty group practice. PARTICIPANTS Individuals 50 years and older, recently discharged from the hospital and prescribed at least one high-risk medication, were eligible for the trial. Enrollees, decliners, and their caregivers were eligible to participate in focus groups. MEASUREMENTS Reasons for declining to participate during the initial invitation as well as reasons for not providing consent were recorded. Focus groups were conducted with eligible individuals to explore reasons for enrolling or declining. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to compare characteristics (including sex, age, healthcare proxy, number and type of medications, visiting nurse services, reason for admission, and length of hospital stay) of those who enrolled with those who did not enroll. RESULTS Of 3,606 individuals determined eligible, 3,147 (87%) declined, 98 (3%) verbally consented to participate but did not complete written consent, and 361 (10%) provided written consent and were considered enrolled. Individuals 80 year and older (odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.65) and those with visiting nurse services (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.48-0.85) were least likely to enroll. Among those who provided a reason for declining (2,473), the most common was the belief they did not need additional medication assistance (18%). Another 332 (11%) declined because they were receiving visiting nurse services. CONCLUSION Recruiting older adults recently discharged from the hospital to participate in trials of low-risk, system-level interventions is challenging and may underenroll the oldest individuals and those potentially at the highest risk for adverse events, limiting generalizability of study findings. Alternative study designs may be more effective than individually randomized trials in assessing low-risk, system-level interventions.
Postoperative stiffness after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate and risk factors for stiffness after reverse shoulder arthroplasty and the ramifications on the patient-reported outcomes.MethodA consecuti...
The Role of Estrogen Receptors in Urothelial Cancer

Epidemiological data have indicated that there are some sex-related differences in bladder cancer. Indeed, the incidence of bladder cancer in men has been substantially higher than that in women throughout the world, while women tend to have higher stage disease and poorer prognosis. These gender disparities have prompted to investigate sex hormones and their cognitive receptors in bladder cancer. Specifically, estrogen receptors, including estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β, have been shown to contribute to urothelial carcinogenesis and cancer progression, as well as to modulating chemosensitivity in bladder cancer, although conflicting findings exist. Meanwhile, immunohistochemical studies in surgical specimens have assessed the expression of estrogen receptors and related proteins as well as its associations with clinicopathologic features of bladder cancer and patient outcomes. This review article summarizes and discusses available data indicating that estrogen receptor signaling plays an important role in urothelial cancer.
Super-Resolution Fiber-Bundle Light Field Endoscopy

We built a fiber-bundle light-field imaging system for endoscopic depth imaging. The intrinsically low resolution of the fiber-based light field imaging was greatly improved by training a deep neural network using high-resolution light field images.
Biofabrication of advanced in vitro and ex vivo cancer models for disease modeling and drug screening

Bioengineered in vitro models have advanced from 2D cultures and simple 3D cell aggregates to more complex organoids and organ-on-a-chip platforms. This shift has been substantial in cancer researc...
EFFECT OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ON FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT

THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT REQUIRE THAT THESE PROGRAMS BE BASED ON COMMON GOALS AND METHODOLOGY. HISTORICALLY, MAN HAS BUILT ON THE FLOOD PLAIN AS HE PLEASED WITHOUT REGARD TO ANY CONSEQUENCES, A PRACTICE WHICH LED TO HIGH PUBLIC EXPENDITURES FOR FLOOD DAMAGE AND FLOOD CONTROL PROJECTS. TO RECTIFY THIS SITUATION, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND MANY STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE BEGUN TO DEVELOP FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS WITH STANDARDS RELATING TO TWO BASIC NEEDS, THAT OF NATURE AND THAT OF MAN; STANDARDS WHICH ARE AMPLIFIED IN THE PAPER. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, AS ONE OF THE MAJOR FACILITIES AFFECTING AND AFFECTED BY FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS, ARE ANALYZED, WITH METHODS PRESENTED TO PROVIDE FOR A COORDINATED TRANSPORTATION - FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT APPROACH. /ASCE/
Metabolic rate and natural history of Ozark cavefish, Amblyopsis rosae, in Logan Cave, Arkansas

We investigated the effects of mass, season, and activity on oxygen consumption of the federally threatened Ozark cavefish, Amblyopsis rosae, at Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Benton County, Arkansas. We used an acclimatization protocol to measure in-situ metabolic rates. There was a significant effect of mass on the metabolic rate of Ozark cavefish and this relationship differed significantly among seasons. We observed a positive relationship between mass and oxygen consumption during summer and autumn but a negative relationship for winter and spring. There was a 1°C water temperature change between summer/autumn sampling and winter/spring sampling, but it is not likely temperature alone accounted for seasonal variation in mass-oxygen consumption relationships. Activity in the respirometer did not vary significantly among seasons and was not correlated with fish mass or time of day. Seasonal relationships between mass and oxygen consumption may therefore reflect alterations in environmental conditions (i.e. food availability, ambient dissolved oxygen), condition, changes in susceptibility to handling stress, or may reflect low numbers of fish tested. Natural history observations were made throughout the study. Four females were seen in late August with ova visible in the body cavity. On 20 June 1996 we first observed five small cavefish (approximately 10 mm TL) in a pool just upstream of the sinkhole entrance that were likely less than a month old. One large adult (55 mm TL) was seen in the same pool with the young fish for six weeks, until two small fish were displaced by a storm event. Although this does not provide a clear sign of parental care, it does suggest that cannibalism is not always the rule for this species as previously suggested.
Increasing Access in 140 Characters or Less: Or, What Are Archival Institutions Doing on Twitter?

Archival institutions are increasingly participating in social media as a form of digital outreach. The affordances of popular online platforms such as Twitter allow managers of institutional accounts to highlight digital content, publicize events, and interact with users who might not otherwise know about the institution. This article presents a picture of archival activity on Twitter, using data collected from 34 institutions during October 2011. The sample accounts range from formal broadcasting of information to a more informal, conversational style. This article seeks to understand current institutional behavior on the platform and asks, "What are archival institutions doing on Twitter?"
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from normal subjects and IPAH patients show divergent cAMP-mediated effects on TRPC expression and capacitative Ca2+ entry

Pulmonary vascular remodeling due to overgrowth of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major cause for the elevated vascular resistance in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial ...
Thiol groups and other chemical characteristics of rat monoclonal immunoglobulin A

Abstract 1. 1. Three aspects of the monoclonal rat IgA IR22 were investigated: its free thiol groups, its hinge structure and its glycopeptides. 2. 2. Exposed thiol groups, 1.5 per IgA dimer, were located in the Fc region, and buried thiol groups, 3.2 per IgA dimer, were located in the Fd region. 3. 3. Rat IgA was cleaved to Fab fragments by pepsin, but, unlike mouse IgA, it was not cleaved at the hinge region by papain. 4. 4. The contents of GlcNAc indicated that there were two N -linked glycopeptides in the Fab region, and one in the Fc or tail regions.
Modeling global O+ substorm injection using analytic magnetic field model

[1] During storm-time substorms the IMAGE/High-Energy Neutral Atom (HENA) global magnetospheric plasma imager observes dramatic rise and fall of the oxygen energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes in the 29-180 keV range that are well correlated with substorm onsets. The corresponding hydrogen ENA flux (10-198 keV) shows a much more gradual rise and fall. We use a three-dimensional test particle code in time varying electric and magnetic fields to study mechanisms causing the dramatic oxygen variation. Consistent with our previous work, we find that nonadiabatic heating occurs during the dipolarization of the geomagnetic field. The simulation model reproduces key features including the high-altitude increase of the ENA flux and enhancement timescale.
A deterministic algorithm for partitioning arrangements of lines and its application

In this paper we consider the following problem: Given a set l of n lines in the plane, partition the plane into O(r2) triangles so that no triangle intersects more than O(n/r) lines of l. We present a deterministic algorithm for this problem with O(nr log n logor) running time, where o is a constant
Gasification of graphite with steam below 900 K catalyzed by a mixture of potassium hydroxide and transition metal oxide

Abstract KOH coadsorbed with a transition metal oxide is able to catalyze the gasification of graphite with steam at temperatures as low as 860 K. Nine different KOH-transition metal oxide mixtures were studied. The most active co-catalysts found so far are KOHNiO and KOH-Fe2O3. The reaction rate was monitored at 860 K for over 24 turnovers. The major products of the gasification process are H2 and CO2 with either catalysts. CH4 and CO are also detectable in small concentrations.
Cognitive Therapy Improves Three-Month Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure

Abstract Background Patients with heart failure (HF) experience depressive symptoms that contribute to poorer outcomes. We tested the effects of a brief cognitive therapy intervention on depressive symptoms, negative thinking, health-related quality of life, and cardiac event-free survival. Methods and Results Hospitalized patients with depressive symptoms (n = 41, 66 ± 11 years, 45% female, 81% New York Heart Association Class III/IV) were randomly assigned to control group or a brief, nurse-delivered cognitive therapy intervention, delivered during hospitalization and followed by a 1-week booster phone call. Depressive symptoms, negative thinking, and health-related quality of life were measured at 1 week and 3 months. Cardiac event-free survival was assessed at 3 months. Mixed models repeated measures analysis of variance, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression were used for data analysis. There were significant improvements in depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in both groups but no interactions between group and time. The control group had shorter 3-month cardiac event-free survival (40% versus 80%, P P = .04) than the intervention group. Conclusion Nurses can deliver a brief intervention to hospitalized patients with heart failure that may improve short-term, event-free survival. Future research is needed to verify these results with a larger sample size.
The Impact of Health Problems on Driving Status among Older Adults.

Abstract Objective This study assessed the impact of health problems on driving status (current driver vs. ex-driver) among older adults to identify which of those health problems have the greatest individual and population impact on driving cessation. Methods Data were from baseline and a 5 year follow-up wave of a longitudinal survey of adults aged 55 years and older ( N =1279). The impact of several health problems on driving status was assessed using a relative risk ratio and a population attributable risk percent. Analyses controlled for age, gender, and the presence of additional baseline health problems. Results Many health conditions were not associated with driving cessation. Functional limitations, cognitive function, and measures of vision were significant predictors of driving cessation. Self-care functional limitations were associated with the highest risk for driving cessation, while visual function was associated with the highest attributable risks. Discussion In order to effectively address healthy aging and mobility transitions, it is important to consider the implications of targeting individuals or populations who are most at risk for driving cessation. The risk ratio is relevant for evaluating individuals; the attributable risk is relevant for developing interventions in populations.
Synthesis of the Alleged Structure of Sclerophytin A. The Setting of Two Oxygen Bridges within the Fused Cyclodecanol B Ring Is Not Nature's Way

The structure attributed to sclerophytin A, a cytotoxic soft coral metabolite, was synthesized in an enantioselective manner from (5S)-5-(d-menthyloxy)-2(5H)-furanone. The spectral properties and polarity of the synthetic product require that the structural assignment to the natural material be revised.