cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of Ti and Zr partitioning among zircon, rutile, and granitic melt

In order to evaluate the effect of trace and minor elements (e.g., P, Y, and the REEs) on the high-temperature solubility of Ti in zircon (zrc), we conducted 31 experiments on a series of synthetic and natural granitic compositions [enriched in TiO_2 and ZrO_2; Al/(Na + K) molar ~1.2] at a pressure of 10 kbar and temperatures of ~1,400 to 1,200 °C. Thirty of the experiments produced zircon-saturated glasses, of which 22 are also saturated in rutile (rt). In seven experiments, quenched glasses coexist with quartz (qtz). SiO_2 contents of the quenched liquids range from 68.5 to 82.3 wt% (volatile free), and water concentrations are 0.4–7.0 wt%. TiO_2 contents of the rutile-saturated quenched melts are positively correlated with run temperature. Glass ZrO_2 concentrations (0.2–1.2 wt%; volatile free) also show a broad positive correlation with run temperature and, at a given T, are strongly correlated with the parameter (Na + K + 2Ca)/(Si·Al) (all in cation fractions). Mole fraction of ZrO_2 in rutile (X^(rt)_(ZrO2)) in the quartz-saturated runs coupled with other 10-kbar qtz-saturated experimental data from the literature (total temperature range of ~1,400 to 675 °C) yields the following temperature-dependent expression: ln(X^(rt)_(ZrO2))+ln(ɑ_(SiO2))=2.638(149)−9969(190)/T(K) , where silica activity ɑ_(SiO2) in either the coexisting silica polymorph or a silica-undersaturated melt is referenced to α-quartz at the P and T of each experiment and the best-fit coefficients and their uncertainties (values in parentheses) reflect uncertainties in T and X^(rt)_(ZrO2) . NanoSIMS measurements of Ti in zircon overgrowths in the experiments yield values of ~100 to 800 ppm; Ti concentrations in zircon are positively correlated with temperature. Coupled with values for ɑ^(SiO2) and ɑ_(TiO2) for each experiment, zircon Ti concentrations (ppm) can be related to temperature over the range of ~1,400 to 1,200 °C by the expression: ln(Ti ppm)^(zrc)+ln(ɑ_(SiO2))−ln(ɑ_(TiO2))=13.84(71)−12590(1124)/T(K) . After accounting for differences in ɑ_(SiO2) and ɑ_(TiO2) , Ti contents of zircon from experiments run with bulk compositions based on the natural granite overlap with the concentrations measured on zircon from experiments using the synthetic bulk compositions. Coupled with data from the literature, this suggests that at T ≥ 1,100 °C, natural levels of minor and trace elements in “granitic” melts do not appear to influence the solubility of Ti in zircon. Whether this is true at magmatic temperatures of crustal hydrous silica-rich liquids (e.g., 800–700 °C) remains to be demonstrated. Finally, measured D^(zrc/melt)_(Ti) values (calculated on a weight basis) from the experiments presented here are 0.007–0.01, relatively independent of temperature, and broadly consistent with values determined from natural zircon and silica-rich glass pairs.
The mechanism of HLA-DM induced peptide exchange in the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway

HLA-DM serves a critical function in the loading and editing of peptides on MHC class II (MHCII) molecules. Recent data showed that the interaction cycle between MHCII molecules and HLA-DM is dependent on the occupancy state of the peptide binding groove. Empty MHCII molecules form stable complexes with HLA-DM, which are disrupted by binding of high-affinity peptide. Interestingly, MHCII molecules with fully engaged peptides cannot interact with HLA-DM, and prior dissociation of the peptide N-terminus from the groove is required for HLA-DM binding. There are significant similarities to the peptide loading process for MHC class I molecules, even though it is executed by a distinct set of proteins in a different cellular compartment.
Enthalpy-Flux/Momentum-Flux Coupling in the Acoustic Spectrum of Heated Jets

Exhaust flows from aircraft engines operate at higher temperatures than those of the freestream. Accurate predictions of jet noise in heated flows is therefore of considerable interest. In this paper, a self-consistent jet noise model in heated flows is developed using the generalized acoustic analogy. To begin with, it is demonstrated that the exact acoustic spectrum can be written as the sum of three terms: the momentum-flux autocovariance term, the enthalpy-flux/momentum-flux covariance (or the coupling term), and the enthalpy-flux autocovariance. By extending an axisymmetric turbulence model to heated-jet flows, it is shown that the number of independent components in the acoustic spectrum can be reduced to 11 terms. The paper then focuses on the structure of the coupling term using recent Rayleigh scattering measurements in heated flows taken at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. It is shown that the coupling term becomes increasingly important as the acoustic Mach number increases. That is, it can provide either enhancement or cancellation to the acoustic spectrum, depending on the acoustic Mach number and the position of the observation point. This behavior can help explain why heating reduces the overall sound pressure level at all observation angles in supersonic jets.
Exciton Localization in a Pt-Acetylide Complex

We present a theoretical study of the low-lying electronic excitations in the [Pt(P(nBu)3)2(ethynylbenzene)2] molecule. Although the ground electronic state possesses D2h symmetry, with both ethynylbenzene ligands being equivalent, in the excited state the molecule breaks the symmetry deforming along a b3u direction and localizing the excitation on a single ligand. This localized exciton is of 3ππ* nature with the unpaired electron and hole spread over one of the benzene rings and the ethyne linkage. The localization indicates an activated hopping mechanism for transport. Our estimate of the barrier is ∼0.61 eV.
Splice variants of the gamma subunit (FXYD2) and their significance in regulation of the Na, K-ATPase in kidney.

The recent discovery of a family of single-span membrane proteins (the FXYD proteins) introduced a new direction to the rather complicated area of regulation of Na, K-ATPase. At least six members of the family have been shown to associate with the Na, K-ATPase in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, while four of them, namely the γ subunit (FXYD2), CHIF (FXYD4), phospholemman (FXYD1), and dysadherin (FXYD5) have been identified in kidney. All four exhibited different effects on the properties of the pump in heterologous expression systems. Taken along with their non-overlapping expression patterns in the nephron, this provides a potential structural basis for the segment-specific properties of the Na, K-ATPase that had been reported in a number of papers on kidney physiology.
Effect of conazole fungicides on reproductive development in the female rat

Three triazole fungicides were evaluated for effects on female rat reproductive development. Rats were exposed via feed to propiconazole (P) (100, 500, or 2500 ppm), myclobutanil (M) (100, 500, or 2000 ppm), or triadimefon (T) (100, 500, or 1800 ppm) from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 98. Body weight (BW) and anogenital distance (AGD) at PND 0, age and BW at vaginal opening (VO), estrous cyclicity, and body and organ weight at necropsy were measured. BW at PND 0 was unaffected by treatment. AGD was increased by M2000. VO was delayed by M2000 and T1800. Estrous cyclicity was initially disrupted by P500, P2500 and T1800, but later normalized. At PND 99 there was a decrease in BW by T1800, an increase in liver weight by P2500 and T1800, and an increase in ovarian weight by M2000 and T1800. It is concluded that exposure to P, M and T adversely impacted female rodent reproductive development.
Two homogeneous immunoassays for pyridoxamine.

Abstract Protein conjugates of pyridoxal have been used to elicit anti-vitamin B6 antibodies in rabbits. These antibodies have been incorporated into 2 homogeneous assays systems, a spin immunoassay, using a paramagnetic derivative of the vitamin as ligand, and a fluorescence enzyme immunoassay, using β-galactosidase conjugated to vitamin B6 as the indicator molecule. These assay systems do not require fractionation steps, and could be the basis of analytical methodology for nutritional research or clinical diagnosis.
A 2009 Mobile Source Carbon Dioxide Emissions Inventory for the University of Central Florida.

A mobile source carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions inventory for the University of Central Florida (UCF) has been completed. For a large urban university, more than 50% of the CO2 emissions can come from mobile sources, and the vast majority of mobile source emissions come from on-road sources: personal vehicles and campus shuttles carrying students, faculty, staff, and administrators to and from the university, as well as on university business trips. In addition to emissions from on-road vehicles, emissions from airplane-based business travel are significant, along with emissions from nonroad equipment such as lawnmowers, leaf blowers, and small maintenance vehicles utilized on campus. UCF has recently become one of the largest universities in the nation (with over 58,000 students enrolled in the fall 2011 semester) and emits a substantial amount of CO2 in the Central Florida area. For this inventory, students, faculty, staff, and administrators were first surveyed to determine their commuting distances and...
Effect of testosterone on the apneic threshold in women during NREM sleep.

The hypocapnic apneic threshold (AT) is lower in women relative to men. To test the hypothesis that the gender difference in AT was due to testosterone, we determined the AT during non-rapid eye mo...
Titan and other icy satellites: Dielectric properties of constituent materials and implications for radar sounding

Radar sounding observations of Titan and the other outer solar system icy satellites have been conducted in order to ascertain the materials present, their dielectric properties, and the degree of radar signal penetration. Deep penetration is possible at long wavelengths, while strong reflections may occur due to pockets or layers of H2O-NH3 solution. Attention is given to the case of Titan, using models to calculate radar reflection S/N ratios; the models involve H2O ice covered by a 100-m thick layer of organic sediments that are overlain by an ocean of liquid CH4-C2H6-N2. At 13.6-cm wavelength, a greater-than-10 dB S/N is computed from the ocean-sediment and sediment-ice interfaces, suggesting that the geology of Titan may be investigated by such a sounding mode despite deep ocean coverage of the satellite.
Home-School Relationships: Networking in One District

This article describes parents' and educators' perceptions of home-school relationships that benefited children and their families in one school district. Family involvement literature and social network theory, especially Burt's (2001) structural holes, served as the theoretical framework. In semistructured interviews, 39 participants, including parents, board of education members, principals, district leaders, and teachers, described their experiences with home-school relationships in the context of school activities, volunteering, and decision making. The interview data revealed that parents and educators who were members of well-established social networks had opportunities to influence school policies and practices. Because they had earned the trust of both parents and teachers, they could serve as liaisons between school and community through their membership in multiple networks.
Plasmaspheric observations at geosynchronous orbit

The plasmasphere comprises the near-Earth region of the magnetosphere populated by dense, cold plasma of ionospheric origin. The plasmaspheric con7guration changes size and shape according to the strength of the convection electric 7eld, which is related to the level of geomagnetic activity. Under quiet conditions, magnetic ;ux tubes in the outer plasmasphere remain on closed drift paths for days, re7lling with ionospheric plasma. We investigate the re7lling of ;ux tubes on their 7rst pass through the dayside region at geosynchronous orbit. The resulting plasmaspheric re7lling rate is found to be ∼0:25–0: 7c m −3 h −1 , which is comparable with earlier results. Moreover, the re7lling rate during periods of increased geomagnetic activity (Kp ? 4) is approximately twice the rate obtained at lower levels of geomagnetic activity (Kp 6 2). The re7lling rate appears to be low in northern winter, however, a strong variation is not found for other three seasons. No strong indication of solar cycle dependence is found from the 3-year data set. When the magnetospheric convection increases, the magnetic ;ux tubes at the outer plasmasphere 7nd themselves on open drift paths and the cold and dense plasmaspheric material is observed to drain toward the dayside magnetopause. We examine a set of events during times of strong magnetopause compression and erosion in which cold plasmaspheric ions are observed immediately adjacent to magnetosheath ions. The resulting evidence indicates that the draining plasmaspheric ions and entering magnetosheath ions are sometimes simultaneously present on the same ;ux tube. Moreover, in most of those cases, the detailed velocity-space signatures are consistent with expectations based on the reconnection process. Thus, the dense, cold plasma of the draining plasmasphere participates in the dayside magnetopause reconnection process. c � 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application of Monoclonal Antibody Techniques to Endocrinology

“IMMUNOLOGICAL” techniques (at times pioneered by “endocrinologists”) such as RIAs, immunoradiometric assays, immunocytochemistry, and affinity chromatography are central to current endocrine research. Development of a methodology that would allow the production of unlimited quantities of homogeneous antibody reagents would therefore have a major impact on the field of endocrinology. In addition to the provision of large quantities of homogeneous antibody, monoclonal antibody techniques allow investigators to produce antibodies reacting with single antigenic determinants, despite immunization with impure antigens. The production of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface differentiation antigens after immunization with whole cells is a striking example of immunization with “impure” antigens. In this review we will outline the general methodology and recent developments in the production of monoclonal antibodies and then focus on the many successful applications of these techniques to endocrine research. I. ...
Pelvic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in a young adult

Rhabdomyosarcomas are soft-tissue tumors, rare in adults. Accounting for nearly 5% of childhood cancers, they represent less than 0.03% of adult malignancies (1, 2). Three different subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma have been described (embryonal, alveolar and pleomorphic), making up approximately 50%, 30%, and 20% of the cases, respectively (3). Although the definitive diagnosis is made pathologically, some distinguishing features among these subtypes, and between rhabdomyosarcomas and other soft-tissue tumors, can be suggested on MRI and CT. We present an interesting case of a 20-year-old female with a locally aggressive pelvic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. While the prognosis has improved with newer treatment techniques, overall survival rates remain poor. Our case study presents typical features of a rare disease, which can often present a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians.
Women’s Understanding of Different Dosing Instructions for a Liquid Pediatric Medication

Abstract Introduction Dosing errors by caregivers are common and often are directly attributed to poorly designed instructions. The purpose of this study was to assess whether instruction wording—that is, implicit versus explicit dosage intervals—was associated with participants' ability to describe and correctly measure a dose of a commonly prescribed liquid pediatric prescription medication. Methods English-speaking women ( N = 193) of child-bearing age were recruited to participate in this study from an outpatient residency clinic in the southeastern United States. Based on a priori randomization, each participant was presented with one of two medication bottles that were identical except for the instructions: (1) "SHAKE LIQUID WELL AND GIVE (CHILD'S NAME) 6 ML BY MOUTH EVERY 12 HOURS" ("implicit" dosage interval)," or (2) "SHAKE LIQUID WELL AND GIVE (CHILD'S NAME) 6 ML BY MOUTH AT 7 AM AND 7 PM" ("explicit" dosage interval). Participants completed a structured interview to assess sociodemographic characteristics, health literacy skills, ability to describe and demonstrate the dosage of the liquid medication, and preferences for label format. Results Seventy-two participants (37.3%) were able to correctly describe how they would give the medicine to a child during a 24-hour period, while 145 women (75.1%) were able to correctly demonstrate how they would give one dose of the medication. Approximately one third of participants (32.1%) were able to correctly describe and measure a dose of the medication. Slightly more than half of participants ( n = 103, 53.4%) indicated that they would prefer instructions with "explicit" dosage intervals. Discussion This study suggests that few people can accurately describe how liquid medications are to be administered, while more people can demonstrate the correct dose to be administered.
Roll Response of Ship-Shaped Hulls in Waves

This paper addresses the hydrodynamic interaction and the response of typical FPSO and LNG hull-forms with an emphasis on roll. In particular, the study focuses on the prediction of the roll response of hulls in free-decay motions and also in regular waves for various wave frequencies and for hulls with or without bilge keels. A 2-D finite volume method-based Navier-Sokes solver (NS2D) is applied to analyze the flow around the hull-sections. The effectiveness of using bilge keels on roll reduction is presented, and the bilge keel loads on the up-wave and down-wave sides of the hull are examined.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Season of birth and fluctuating asymmetry

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) refers to random, small deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry in morphological traits. These minor deviations from the ideal phenotype reflect environmental and genetic perturbations experienced during ontogeny. FA has been associated with negative health outcomes and many developmental disorders in humans. The prevalence of developmental disorders and adult health vary according to the month of birth, suggesting that seasonal stressors may leave enduring signs in the adult body, marked by high FA. The current study examined the relationship between FA and birth season. Data were collected for 205 males and females (average age = 20.39 years) on FA of 10 bilateral traits (second, third, fourth, and fifth digit length, palm height, wrist diameter, elbow width, ear height, foot breadth, and ankle circumference). Additional relationships were also investigated among FA, testosterone (T), and birth order. Results indicate that ear FA was lower for fall births compared to winter births in males. In females, palm FA was lower for fall births compared to those of the spring. FA of the digits was positively associated with T in males. Average FA, excluding the digits, decreased as the number of maternal siblings increased for both sexes. T concentrations in males were positively associated with the number of younger brothers. Our results generally confirm previous research on seasonal variation in adult longevity and neurological and psychiatric disorders, suggesting that winter and spring births are at risk for asymmetric developmental trajectory. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:298–310, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Onset of chaos in coupled map lattices via the peak-crossing bifurcation

We study a new mechanism for the onset of chaos in coupled map lattices. The lattice dynamics becomes chaotic when the strength of spatial interactions exceeds some threshold. This transition is generated by the bifurcation that we call a peak-crossing one. It is shown that this mechanism can generate chaotic motion even in some coupled map lattices with extremely simple local dynamics. The resulting regime of chaos is characterized by space intermittency when the lattice is partitioned into alternating clusters that move chaotically and periodically, respectively.
Dimensionality crossover of the superconducting-normal transition in YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films both at high magnetic fields and at zero field

Abstract The IV characteristics of thin (250–4000 A) YBa2Cu3O7−δ films show a crossover from the critical scaling behavior of the intrinsic three-dimensional (3D) transition, observed at high currents, to an ohmic resistance at low currents associated with a two-dimensional phase. This crossover is observed near the 3D phase transition from normal to vortex-glass phase in a high magnetic field, as well as for H = 0 near the transition into the Meissner phase. The crossover occurs when the growth of the 3D correlation length, ξθ(T − Tc,3D)−v, is limited by the film thickness.
Chronotypic Tension in Bulgarian Prehistory: 6500-3500 BC

Abstract Chronotypes are the models through which time takes on practical or conceptual significance. This paper explores the tensions between two different chronotypes in the prehistoric archaeology of Bulgaria, one essentially linear and the other cyclical. Their development is traced in relation to the pattern of settlement, the subsistence economy, social organization, the treatment of the dead and development of calenders and record keeping.
Mentoring promotion/tenure-seeking faculty: principles of good practice within a counselor education program

Approaches to mentoring junior faculty in counselor education departments have received minimal attention in the counseling literature. In this article, the authors describe a successful program based on the 10 principles for good mentoring recommended by Sorcinelli (2000). Application of the principles within a combined formal and informal mentoring approach is described, as are the experiences of junior faculty whose careers have been shaped within this system.
Simulation of cell rolling and adhesion on surfaces in shear flow. Microvilli-coated hard spheres with adhesive springs.

The adhesion of cells to ligand-coated surfaces in viscous shear flow is an important step in many physiological processes, such as the neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response, lymphocyte homing, and tumor cell metastasis. This article describes a calculational method that allows simulation of the interaction of a single cell with a ligandcoated surface. The cell is idealized as a microvilli-coated hard sphere covered with adhesive springs. The distribution of microvilli on the cell surface, the distribution of receptors on microvilli tips, and the forward and reverse reaction between receptor and ligand are all simulated using random number sampling of appropriate probability functions. The velocity of the cell at each time step in the simulation results from a balance of hydrodynamic, colloidal, and bonding forces; the bonding force is derived by summing the individual contributions of each receptor-ligand tether. The model can simulate the effect of many parameters on adhesion, such as the number of receptors on microvilli tips, the density of ligand, the rates of reaction between receptor and ligand, the stiffness of the springs, the response of springs to extension, and the magnitude of hydrodynamic stresses. By varying these parameters, the model can successfully recreate the entire range of expected and observed adhesive phenomena, from completely unencumbered motion, to rolling, to transient attachment, to firm adhesion. Also, the model can provide meaningful statistical measures of adhesion, including the mean and variance in velocity, rate constants for ceil attachment and detachment, and the frequency of adhesion.
A tropical flagellate food for larval and juvenile oysters, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Abstract The relative values of Isochrysis galbana Parke and a high-temperature tolerant tropical flagellate Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-ISO) as foods for larval and juvenile oysters were compared. Two diets were utilized combining equal portions of either I. galbana or T-ISO and the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana (3H). No significant differences in the growth of larval and juvenile oysters fed either diet were observed.
The Changing Geography of Europeaness

What is Europe? Who is a European? Questions such as these have long been the subject of debate, 1 but they were not prominent features of public discourse from the mid-1950s through 1989. Once the...
Nano-scale patterns of molybdenum on glass substrate for use in super-resolution imaging with metamaterials

Photolithography is widely used to transfer a geometric pattern from a mask to a photoresist film, but the minimum feature sizes are limited by diffraction through the mask. Focused ion beam and electron beam lithography can be used when higher resolution is desired, but the write times are long and costly. Deep ultraviolet interference lithography, which is a maskless technique, can be used as an alternative to produce high resolution patterns with feature sizes as small as 100 nm. Since double negative metamaterial superlenses can be used for super-resolving and imaging subwavelength objects, there is a need for fabricating such objects to characterize the performance of these metamaterials. In this paper, simulations using standard finite element methods are first used to verify super-resolution and near-field imaging at 405 nm for such objects using a metamaterial superlens previously fabricated from silver and silicon carbide nanoparticles. Thereafter, results of fabrication and characterization of sub-wavelength objects using molybdenum of typical thickness 50 nm initially sputtered on a glass substrate is presented. A deep ultraviolet laser source at 266 nm is used. An anti-reflection layer followed by a high resolution negative tone photoresist is coated on the top of the molybdenum film. The cross-linked photoresist created after the development and bake processes is used as a mask for etching. Fabrication of the sub-wavelength object is completed using reactive ion etching in fluorinated plasma. Both 1D and 2D patterns are fabricated. The quality of the sub-wavelength objects during fabrication is checked using scanning electron microscopy, and the 1D object is characterized using TE and TM polarized illumination.
Arginine concentration and free amino acids in the brain of various worker subcastes of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

1. 1. The free (physiological) amino acid (FAA) composition of the brain of minor workers of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta, was conducted as well as an analysis of brain arginine concentrations in various worker subcastes. 2. 2. Nitrogenous waste products (urea and ammonia) together comprised 33% of the total ninhydrin-positive compounds. 3. 3. GABA, taurine, aspartate, glutamate and glycine together constituted 24% of the total ninhydrin-positive compounds. 4. 4. The most abundant FAA were alanine (16%), proline (12%), aspartate (7%) and glutamate (6%). 5. 5. No significant differences in brain arginine concentrations were found within a given head size class, within a given worker subcaste or between various subcastes, suggesting that arginine does not represent a neurochemical correlate with respect to the developmental switch in the behavioral repetoire shown by S. invicta worker subcastes. 6. 6. Brain arginine concentrations reported for S. invicta are compared with those reported for other arthropods.
Indoor air quality and health: Does fungal contamination play a significant role?

The quality of indoor air and its potential to adversely impact human health is a significant public health concern. In the 1980s, this concern was focused on the availability of a safe and comfortable environment in which to live and work [1]. After the oil embargo in 1973, homes and commercial buildings were constructed with a view of conserving energy. Homes were insulated tightly, and commercial buildings were constructed as hermetically sealed units that were dependent on the rate of fresh outside air that was drawn into the system. Building managers became aware of the minimal amount of outside fresh air that was required to ventilate the building in an effort to conserve the energy to heat and cool the building. Distinctions between building-related disease (eg, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, humidifier fever, Legionnaire’s pneumonitis) and the symptoms of sick building syndrome were discussed frequently in the medical literature [2,3]. In the 1990s, there was a surge of juridic and media attention that sought to link sick building syndrome with a controversial and unscientific symptom complex of multiple chemical sensitivity (idiopathic chemical intolerance) [4]. In 1994, a series of events took place that shifted the paradigm from generic sick building syndrome to a toxic mold threat. In Cleveland, Ohio, 10 infants became seriously ill with pulmonary hemosiderosis and hemorrhage, 2 of whom died. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initially concluded that there was a causal link between inhalation of Stachybotrys atra mycotoxin and this cluster of cases [5]. Subsequent events have led to assertions related to the adverse health effects of toxic mold or fatal mold in various buildings [6]. New markets have been developed to conduct testing for the presence of indoor molds and to remediate mold damage. There also has been a proliferation of juristic activities in the United States related to mold-induced health effects [7]. In Western Europe,
Macromolecular dynamics of sulfonated poly(styrene-b-ethylene-ran-butylene-b-styrene) block copolymers by broadband dielectric spectroscopy

Abstract Macromolecular dynamics of sulfonated poly(styrene- b -ethylene- ran -butylene- b -styrene) (sSEBS) triblock copolymers were investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Two main relaxations corresponding to the glass transitions in the EB and S block phases were identified and their temperature dependences were VFT-like. T g for the S block phase shifted to higher temperature due to restrictions on chain mobility caused by hydrogen bonded SO 3 H groups. While the EB block phase T g appeared to remain constant with degree of sulfonation in DMA experiments, it shifted somewhat upward in BDS spectra. A low temperature relaxation beneath the glass transition of the EB block phase was attributed to short range chain motions. The Kramers–Kronig integral transformation was used to calculate conductivity-free loss permittivity spectra from real permittivity spectra to enhance true relaxation peaks. A loss permittivity peak tentatively assigned to relaxation of internal S-EB interfacial polarization was seen at temperatures above the S block phase glass transition, and the temperature dependence of this relaxation was VFT-like. The fragilities of the EB and S block domains in sulfonated SEBS decreased after sulfonation. The temperature dependence of the dc conduction contribution to sSEBS loss spectra also followed VFT-like behavior and S block segmental relaxation time correlated well with conductivity according to the fractional Debye–Stokes–Einstein equation.
Effects of model's and observer's hostility on Rorschach, interview and test performance.

Summary This study investigated the effects of a personality variable (hostility) and an experimental variable (observation of models) on Rorschach performance and interview behavior. Females differing on a measure of hostility observed either a high, low, or non-hostile model's Rorschach performance or observed no model prior to their own Rorschach testing. Ss also engaged in verbal self-description and daydream rating tasks. Results indicated that observation (1) facilitated the emission of hostile Rorschach response content for low but not for high hostile Ss and (2) promoted more Rorschach response productivity and diversity. Intercorrelations among 13 indices of hostility revealed that questionnaire and interview self-description measures were interrelated, but were not consistently related to the projective measures.
Including gap region field‐aligned currents and magnetospheric currents in the MHD calculation of ground‐based magnetic field perturbations

[1] Many high‐latitude modeling studies utilize the horizontal ionospheric Hall current in calculating ground‐based magnetic perturbations, but low‐latitude and midlatitude studies should include current systems such as the magnetospheric, field‐aligned, and Pedersen currents. Recently, by including all these current systems, a more precise ground‐ based perturbation calculator has been implemented in the Space Weather Modeling Framework. Using this new method, ground‐based perturbations generated by different current systems are analyzed at low, middle, and high latitudes. As a result of the current systems, MLT‐UT maps of ground‐based perturbations are studied. Furthermore, nine storms events are simulated at more than 20 low‐latitude and midlatitude magnetometer locations and compared with observational ground‐based perturbations. These studies show that for specifying the northward component of the ground magnetic perturbations, the inclusion of magnetospheric, field‐aligned, and Pedersen current is important and improves the prediction significantly over the prediction only considering the Hall current in the calculation. The improvement is the most during the storm main phase. However, for the vertical and eastward components of the perturbations, which were typically smaller than the northward component, the inclusion of these current systems actually made the specifications worse because the ring current in the model rotates more toward the dayside than in reality.
Liquid Holdup in Large-Diameter Horizontal Multiphase Pipelines

This paper studies the liquid holdup within the mixing zone of the slug. The results of the study show that the liquid holdup begins at the liquid holdup of the liquid film before the slug and then increases until the end of the mixing zone is reached. Once past the mixing zone of the slug, the average liquid holdup becomes constant. As the height of the liquid film and/or viscosity increases, so does the liquid holdup at any given film Froude number. Since the liquid holdup becomes constant once past the mixing zone of the slug, the mixing zone length was determined for the film Froude numbers studied. The results show that the mixing zone length increases linearly with film Froude number and is independent of the viscosity of the liquid in the slug for a viscosity range of 1 to 16.6 cP.
Markovian real-time adaptive control of signal systems

An approach to real-time control of a network of signalized intersections is proposed based on a discrete time, stationary, Markov control model (also known as Markov decision process or Markov dynamic programming). The approach incorporates microscopic simulation of actuated controller output signals in response to probabilistic forecasts of individual vehicle actuations at downstream inductance loop detectors derived from a macroscopic link transfer function. An Artificial Neural Network representation of vehicle delay estimations is proposed and tested for approximate real-time evaluation of potential traffic signal transitions at three-second evaluation intervals. A series of off-line tests of the developed procedures are applied to a simplified network of five intersections: these tests provide promising indications of this approach.
LA TERCERA FRONTERA : BUILDING UPON THE SCHOLARSHIP OF THE LATINO EXPERIENCE AS REPORTED IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE

In this article, we report on the articles published in Community College Journal of Research and Practice (CCJRP) from 1990 to 2000 regarding Latinos at community colleges. Although research published in CCJRP has produced important findings, we contend there is a need for a richer account of the experiences and understandings of Latinos at American community colleges. We propose a new line of research to investigate cultural barriers that undermine Latino success as community college students, faculty, staff, and campus leaders. We refer to these cultural barriers as "la tercera frontera". We conclude the article with discussion of heterogeneity and homogeneity, two key concepts that we believe are central to understanding la tercera frontera.
Choose Your Weapon (or Strategy)! An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Strategy in Civil Wars

Given civil war power asymmetries, rebel groups tend to shy away from the more traditional forms of warfare. There are several approaches available to groups, and the decision to employ one over the other is not arbitrary, nor is it irrelevant. The choice of strategy by a rebel group will frequently determine how a government responds and how the movement will be received internationally. Further, these decisions are reevaluated and potentially change as the conflict progresses. The current article puts forth a theoretical framework suggesting that rebel group strategy is a function of both static and dynamic conflict characteristics.
A proposal for a trial of family therapy and conjugal visits in prison.

Book reviewed in this article: Any plan for conjugal visits has to be acceptable both to the general public and to prison officials. This paper examines the existing objections to conjugal visits in prison, and proposes that they be introduced together with family therapy as components of an overall rehabilitative effort.
The protein cargo of HDL: implications for vascular wall biology and therapeutics.

Abstract High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is proposed to inhibit atherosclerosis via a number of different pathways, including promotion of reverse cholesterol transport and inhibition of inflammation. However, studies in both mice and humans suggest that quantifying HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels provide limited information regarding the cardioprotective effects of HDL. This article briefly reviews current thinking regarding the functional and cardioprotective effects of HDL and the role of the HDL proteome in these processes.
Electrostatic electron and ion cyclotron harmonic waves in Neptune's magnetosphere

Voyager 2 observations of electrostatic electron and ion cyclotron waves detected in Neptune's magnetosphere are presented. Both types of emission appear in a frequency band above the electron and ion (proton) cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and are tightly confined to the magnetic equator occurring within a few degrees of it. The electron cyclotron modes including an intense upper hybrid resonance emission excited by an unstable loss cone distribution of low-density superthermal electrons. The ion cyclotron waves are interpreted as hydrogen Bernstein modes including an intense lower hybrid resonance emission excited by an unstable ring distribution of low-density pickup N(+) ions deriving from the satellite Triton.
Reflux in cystoplasties.

Vesicoureteral reflux is a commonly encountered condition in pediatric urology. The treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is debated in all patients. Much controversy exists regarding the need to reimplant refluxing ureters at the time of bladder augmentation, particularly in those patients with neuropathic bladders. In patients with neuropathic bladders, reflux may be the result of elevated detrusor pressure, recurrent/ persistent urinary tract infections and/or a neuropathic dysfunction at the ureterovesical junction and the trigone. Treatment of VUR in patients undergoing bladder augmentation varies and includes routinely reimplanting all refluxing ureters, selectively reimplanting ureters with high-grade reflux or avoiding anti-reflux surgery in all patients regardless of the grade of reflux. We review the literature and our experience with the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in patients that have undergone augmentation cystoplasty. Vesicoureteral reflux is a commonly encountered condition in pediatric urology. The treatment of vesicoureteral reflux is debated in all patients. Much controversy exists regarding the need to reimplant refluxing ureters at the time of bladder augmentation, particularly in those patients with neuropathic bladders. In patients with neuropathic bladders, reflux may be the result of elevated detrusor pressure, recurrent/ persistent urinary tract infections and/or a neuropathic dysfunction at the ureterovesical junction and the trigone. Treatment of VUR in patients undergoing bladder augmentation varies and includes routinely reimplanting all refluxing ureters, selectively reimplanting ureters with high-grade reflux or avoiding anti-reflux surgery in all patients regardless of the grade of reflux. We review the literature and our experience with the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in patients that have undergone augmentation cystoplasty.
Clinical correlation of periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in children

Fifteen children with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges are reported and clinical and radiologic features and outcome are presented. Both structural cerebral lesions and metabolic factors were associated with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Although all patients had seizures, 8 had status epilepticus. Seven patients survived and 8 patients died. Six of the 7 survivors had residual seizures. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges in children are associated with acute encephalopathies and there is a high incidence of subsequent epilepsy.
Electrically calibrated absolute radiometer suitable for measurement automation.

New electrically calibrated absolute radiometers (ESRs) were developed having fast response and high responsivity; these ESRs are specially useful for measurement automation. They are fabricated using thin film techniques and have a responsivity of ∼0.3 V/W, a time constant between 2.5 and 3.0 s and a noise equivalent power of around 20 nW. Only a correction for the goldblack absorber reflectance is required, and the overall accuracy of the radiometers is ±0.1%. One of the main applications of absolute radiometers is to the accurate spectral calibration of secondary radiometers. The automation of this calibration procedure is discussed for the visible and near-IR spectral region. It is shown that the use of automation in conjunction with the new ESRs greatly simplifies calibrations and reduces turnaround time while allowing calibration accuracies of close to ±0.1%.
Kokkos: Enabling manycore performance portability through polymorphic memory access patterns

Abstract The manycore revolution can be characterized by increasing thread counts, decreasing memory per thread, and diversity of continually evolving manycore architectures. High performance computing (HPC) applications and libraries must exploit increasingly finer levels of parallelism within their codes to sustain scalability on these devices. A major obstacle to performance portability is the diverse and conflicting set of constraints on memory access patterns across devices. Contemporary portable programming models address manycore parallelism ( e.g. , OpenMP, OpenACC, OpenCL) but fail to address memory access patterns. The Kokkos C++ library enables applications and domain libraries to achieve performance portability on diverse manycore architectures by unifying abstractions for both fine-grain data parallelism and memory access patterns. In this paper we describe Kokkos’ abstractions, summarize its application programmer interface (API), present performance results for unit-test kernels and mini-applications, and outline an incremental strategy for migrating legacy C++ codes to Kokkos. The Kokkos library is under active research and development to incorporate capabilities from new generations of manycore architectures, and to address a growing list of applications and domain libraries.
Structural and developmental analysis of two linked myosin heavy chain genes

Abstract We have identified at the molecular level two murine myosin heavy chain (MHC) genes which encode adult skeletal isoforms. As is the case for the murine cardiac MHC genes, the genes are closely linked, head to tail. To identify the isoform encoded by each gene, we located and sequenced the 3′ terminai and assessed the genes' temporal and tissue-specific expression patterns using probes specific for the 3′ untranslated regions. These analyses indicate that the myosin encoded by the gene located 5′ in the linked pair is the murine 2A isoform. The isoform encoded by the 3′-most gene of the linked pair appears to encode an additional isoform that is expressed in a number of adult skeletal muscles. The pattern of expression of the 3′-most gene indicates that it is tightly controlled developmentally. Transcripts from this gene, when compared to those from the MHC2A and β-MHC genes, are the predominant MHC transcripts found in the diaphragm, tongue, soleus, and masseter, indicating that it encodes a major skeletal MHC isoform.
A thermal/mechanical model of axially loaded thick-walled composite cylinders

Abstract An investigate into the mechanical and thermal response of multilayered composite cylinders is presented. An analysis is developed that accounts for the ply-by-ply variation of layer-orthotropic material properties, fiber orientations and thermal loading, a numerical technique is developed to solve a generalized plane-strain multilayered boundary-value problem, and, finally, a computer model is developed to implement the analysis in the design of a thick composite cylinder subjected to axial compression and thermal load configurations for potential military applications. Thermal and mechanically induced stress fields are examined for various cylinder ply lay-up configurations with axial-to-hoop layer thickness ratios ( A H ) ranging between one and four. It is concluded that the lay-up constructions with higher A H ratios offer a greater potential for enhanced performance under axial compression.
Coupled modes in a spherical resonator with a nonuniform impedance boundary

An analysis is presented for the modes which exist in a concentric spherical cavity resonator, the outer wall of which exhibits a surface impedance which is a smooth function of the polar angle. It is shown, in general, that the modes are coupled to one another. However, for special functional forms of the wall impedance, only a finite number of modes are coupled to one another.
Neural mechanisms of repetition priming of familiar and globally unfamiliar visual objects

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that repetition priming of visual objects is typically accompanied by a reduction in activity for repeated compared to new stimuli (repetition suppression). However, the spatial distribution and direction (suppression vs. enhancement) of neural repetition effects can depend on the pre-experimental familiarity of stimuli. The first goal of this study was to further probe the link between repetition priming and repetition suppression/enhancement for visual objects and how this link is affected by stimulus familiarity. A second goal was to examine whether priming of familiar and unfamiliar objects following a single stimulus repetition is supported by the same processes as priming following multiple repetitions within the same task. In this endeavor, we examined both between and within-subject correlations between priming and fMRI repetition effects for familiar and globally unfamiliar visual objects during the first and third repetitions of the stimuli. We included reaction time of individual trials as a linear regressor to identify brain regions whose repetition effects varied with response facilitation on a trial-by-trial basis. The results showed that repetition suppression in bilateral fusiform gyrus, was selectively correlated with priming of familiar objects that had been repeated once, likely reflecting facilitated perceptual processing or the sharpening of perceptual representations. Priming during the third repetition was correlated with repetition suppression in prefrontal and parietal areas for both familiar and unfamiliar stimuli, possibly reflecting a shift from top-down controlled to more automatic processing that occurs for both item types.