cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Stakeholder Insights to Enhance Engagement in PhD Professional Development

There is increasing awareness of the need for predoctoral and postdoctoral professional development and career guidance, however many academic institutions are only beginning to build out these functional roles. As a graduate career educator, accessing the vast silos and resources at a university and with industrial partners can be daunting, yet collaborative endeavors and network development both on and off campus are crucial to the success of any career and professional development office. To better inform and direct the efforts of graduate career offices, forty-five stakeholders external and internal to academic institutions were identified and interviewed to gather and categorize perspectives on topics critical to career and professional development offices. Using a stakeholder network visualization tool developed by the authors, stakeholder engagement can be rapidly assessed to ascertain areas where offices have strong connections and other areas where additional efforts could be directed to enhance engagement. General themes from interviews with internal and external stakeholders are discussed to provide graduate career educators with various stakeholder subgroup perspectives to help prepare for successful interactions. Benefits include increased engagement and opportunities to collaborate, as well as the opportunity to build or expand graduate career development offices.
Female Sex Is Associated with Improved Long-Term Survival Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Life expectancy for long-term survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), defined as those living ≥5 years post-transplantation, is significantly lower compared with that of the age-matched general population despite a relatively low primary disease relapse rate at >2 years post-transplantation. Among several factors, patient sex is increasingly recognized as a prognostic indicator of long-term survival. We examined the influence of patient sex and donor-recipient sex matching on overall survival (OS) in a landmark analysis of long-term survivors. Using our institutional database supplemented with individual patient record review, we retrospectively investigated the relative influence of recipient sex and donor-recipient sex matching on outcomes of long-term survivors of alloHSCT between 1994 and 2014. Over this 20-year period, 247 met inclusion criteria for analysis; males and females had similar demographic and treatment characteristics. However, significantly more deaths after the 5-year landmark occurred in male recipients. Interestingly, donor sex did not have a significant impact on OS in multivariate analysis, and differences in OS of donor-recipient sex pairs was driven by recipient sex. In addition to recipient sex, only chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) retained significance as a covariate with an impact on OS in multivariate analysis. Men experienced slightly higher, but statistically nonsignificant, rates and increased severity of cGVHD, and had higher cGVHD-related mortality compared with females. In this long-term survival analysis of adult alloHSCT recipients, one of the only to include follow-up to 15 years, our results show that women survive significantly longer than men irrespective of their age at transplantation. This outcome is independent of other common pretransplantation prognostic indicators, such as donor sex or performance status at transplantation. The inferior survival in males is consistent with survival outcomes described in the transplantation literature. Increasing evidence suggests a biological basis for long-term sex-determined outcomes, possibly owing to differing rates or severity of cGVHD or sustained alloimmune tolerance in females. Larger studies are warranted to validate these retrospective clinical results.
The Spanish Petition System, Hospital/ity, and the Formation of a Mulato Community in Sixteenth-Century Mexico

In 1568, a group of Mexican mulatos unsuccessfully petitioned the Spanish crown for a license to build a hospital. The mulatos’ petition, however, is an important document that speaks to the legal avenues Afro-Mexicans explored in the mid sixteenth century in their attempts to improve their social position. Through an analysis of how the petition process played out, this article demonstrates how that process epitomized the growing limits placed on Afro-Mexican autonomy by colonial administrators. I contend that this case attests to the difficulties Afro-Mexicans continually encountered in their efforts to establish safety nets through such institutions as hospitals and cofradias, following the example of other colonial subjects. Over time, however, the mulatos’ attempts to institutionalize their privileges as permanent fixtures of colonial society, for example, in petitioning to establish a hospital, intensified the opposition of local royal authorities. I also argue that the petition reveals a Mexican mulato community taking form as a common goal brought the mulatos together, setting in motion a process of community-building through petitioning. Finally, the petition process allows us to see how mulato-ness was understood at the time, broadening our understanding of the category at the time as well as its transformations. The article thus contributes to the study of Afro-Mexicans’ use of the Spanish legal system in the mid sixteenth century, as well as their engagement with the Spanish petition system, two topics that have received little scholarly attention.
AS DIMENSÕES AMBIENTAL, CULTURAL E ECONÓMICA DA GLOBALIZAÇÃO: SEU IMPACTO NA VISÃO DO EMPREENDEDOR NACIONAL (Environmental, Cultural and Economic Dimensions of Globalization: Its Impact on the National Entrepreneur’s Vision)

Portuguese Abstract: O presente trabalho tem como ponto focal o de definir a globalizacao como processo dinâmico, complexo e multidimensional, sob o ponto de vista de espaco de oportunidades para o mundo empresarial, identificando os elementos de continuidade historica no processo de Globalizacao. Contextualizar e distinguir as dimensoes ambiental, cultural, social e economica da globalizacao, fazendo uma analise e explorando as formas de mitigacao dos efeitos da globalizacao sobre a actividade empresarial tendo como referencia o Acordo de Paris. E na visao do empreendedor instigar a globalizacao por via de suas dimensoes, visando ajudar a difundir o que de bom o pais tem e pode oferecer, desde as energias renovaveis, biocombustiveis, imoveis autossustentaveis e assim firmar sua posicao no comercio internacional, impulsionando o empreendedor nacional de igual modo. English Abstract: The present work focuses on defining globalization as a dynamic, complex and multidimensional process, from the point of view of space of opportunity for the business world, identifying the elements of historical continuity in the process of globalization. To contextualize and distinguish the environmental, cultural, social and economic dimensions of globalization by analyzing and exploring ways to mitigate the effects of globalization on business activity with reference to the Paris Agreement. And in the entrepreneur's vision to instigate globalization through its dimensions, aiming to help the spread the good that the country has and can offer, from renewable energies, biofuels, self-sustaining real estate and thus consolidate its position in international trade, boosting the national entrepreneur in the same way.
Anemia in women - an intractable problem that requires innovative solutions.

A new spatial analysis calls for a tiered and geographically targeted approach to tackling the vast, ongoing burden of anemia in women within low- and middle-income countries.
Public Debt and its Determinants in Low Income Countries - Results from 7 Country Case Studies

This paper examines the determinants of public debt dynamics in Low Income Countries (LICs) over the period 1990-2003. Debt dynamics in LICs are influenced not only by macroeconomic variables but also by the composition of debt and the provision of debt relief over time. The study considers a sample of 17 LICs from Africa, Asia and Latin America and reports detailed case studies for 7 LICs, which consider not only the debt dynamics, but also the specific episodes of marked policy change or structural factors that contributed to the accumulation or reduction of total public debt. Debt dynamics over that last 13 years show a high degree of heterogeneity across low income countries, which underscores the importance of country-specific factors. These include the fiscal stance, the structure of the economy, the exchange rate systems, the composition and structure of the debt and debt management policies.
Towards an Objectively Defined Catalog of Galaxy Clusters from the Digitized POSS-II

The subjective nature of the Abell catalog has been widely recognized as its major limitation. We report on the preliminary results of an effort to create an unbiased catalog of clusters of galaxies from the galaxy catalogs derived from the digitized POSS-II (DPOSS).
The Role of the Health Planner in Health Systems Development.

(1981). The Role of the Health Planner in Health Systems Development. Health Education: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 25-26.
Basic aerodynamic and heat transfer studies for spacecraft boosters in prelaunch conditions

A basic experimental investigation was conducted on a simple tandem three-cylinder model to identify potential atmospheric aerodynamic and thermodynamic effects on a typical spacecraft booster configuration during prelaunch conditions. Testing was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 100,000. The center and aft cylinders were cooled and heated, respectively, to allow for sustained heat transfer. Flow visualization, anemometry, static pressure, and heat flux measurements were obtained. Results indicate that the model flowfield behavior is very complex and that notable aerodynamic interactions between model elements occur. Most significantly, flow is observed to recirculate about both the cool center and warm aft cylinders. Convective heat transfer maxima were correlated with the identified aerodynamic features. The azimuthal average center and aft cylinder Nusselt-number behavior was found to differ by only about 10%. Nomenclature Cp = pressure coefficient, (P-P0)lq D = cylinder diameter, m / = frequency, 1/s Nu = Nusselt number, gD/X(7V7» P = local static pressure, N/m2 P0 — test section freestream static pressure, N/m2 Q = heat transfer per unit area, W/m2 q = dynamic pressure, 0.5pV2, N/m2 Re = Reynolds number, VD/v St = Strouhal number, JD/V Tw = surface temperature, °C 7} = freestream temperature, °C V = freestream velocity, m/s X = thermal conductivity, W/m°K v = kinematic viscosity, m2/s p = flow density, kg/m3
Adenocarcinomas arising from primary retroperitoneal teratoma in an adult female patient

Presented herein is a case of primary retroperitoneal teratoma with adenocarcinomatous transformation predominantly composed of signet ring cell carcinoma and intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in a 36-year-old woman. Retroperitoneum is an infrequent location for teratoma in adults and malignant transformation is exceptionally rare. Clinical manifestations, radiological studies, laboratory investigation, and pathological findings of this case are described. To the best of the authors' knowledge, 16 adult cases of primary retroperitoneal teratoma with malignant change have been reported in the literature. Herein is reported the first case of malignant teratoma with prominent component of signet ring cell carcinoma.
Capacitively-coupled current conveyer second-order section for continuous-time bandpass filtering and cochlea modeling

The capacitively-coupled current conveyer second-order section (C/sup 4/ SOS) is a continuous-time bandpass filter with electronically tunable corner frequencies and /spl plusmn/40 dB/decade or greater roll offs. The corner frequencies can be set independently of each other, and the bandwidth can therefore be tuned at will. Each corner can have its own Q peak or, if the corners are brought close together, a very tight bandwidth with a single Q peak develops. This leads to further isolation of any given frequency and is thus useful for signal processing applications. An array of these C/sup 4/ SOSs with exponentially spaced center frequencies forms a good model of the human cochlea (inner ear) where signals are decomposed with filtering processes that have Q/spl ap/30.
Directional Antennas for Television Broadcasting

Desirable operating characteristics and other requirements of directional transmitting antennas suitable for television broadcasting are considered. Basic limitations on directivity are imposed by long-distance propagation phenomena and reflections of signals into the weak-signal zones. Previous experience with directional antennas used for television broadcasting is reviewed. A number of appropriate antenna types are suggested.
The effect of retinoic acid on protein phosphorylation in mouse melanoma cells.

Abstract Vitamin A inhibits growth and increases the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in B16 mouse melanoma cells. In this report we show that retinoic acid (RA) treatment of intact cells alters their subsequent in vitro protein phosphorylation, but we could not demonstrate any changes in in vivo protein phosphorylation. A 48-h treatment with RA results in a concentration-dependent decrease of protein phosphorylation of a 95K molecular weight (MW) protein in both supernatant and particulate fractions. The phosphorylation of this protein does not appear to be regulated by cAMP. Proteins at 92K and 82K MW in the supernatant fraction are increased in phosphorylation. The former (but not the latter) is regulated by cAMP. In the particulate fraction a variety of proteins 12K–68K MW are increased in phosphorylation, as the cells are treated with increasing amounts of RA. The phosphorylation of most of these proteins is regulated by cAMP. Another inhibitor of B16 cell growth, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) also alters protein phosphorylation. At short incubation periods (1 h), this hormone stimulates phosphorylation of a number of proteins (17–40K MW), while in longer incubation periods (48 h) phosphorylation is inhibited. All of these phosphorylations appear to be regulated by cAMP. We attempted to repeat these observations using intact-cell phosphorylation with 32 PO 4 . In two experiments we saw small changes in the phosphorylation of proteins. In most experiments [8], however, we could find no change in the phosphoproteins. Further experiments have led us to question the in vivo phosphorylation, since treatment of the cells with MSH, cholera toxin, or db-cAMP also did not affect intact-cell protein phosphorylation. We have previously documented that under these latter conditions cAMP levels are greatly elevated and cAMP-dependent protein kinase is activated. The in vitro phosphorylation results suggests that in RA-treated cells, kinase activities and/or protein substrate levels are changing. However, the physiological significance of the particular MW phosphoproteins changes we have described must await resolution of the in vivo phosphorylation data.
Central venous access in the home parenteral nutrition population-you PICC.

Background: Central venous access is imperative for the delivery of home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are being used more frequently for the delivery of HPN. There is an abundance of short-term information on the use of PICC in the hospitalized patient. However, there are no data comparing the use of PICC to other central venous access devices (OCVAD; Hickman, port) for the delivery of HPN. Catheter-related infections (CRI) are the most common cause of hospital readmission for the HPN patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed from the Digestive Disease Center HPN database at the Medical University of South Carolina and the open architecture clinical information system (OACIS) hospital and clinic reporting system. All CRI were analyzed and compared between patients with PICC and OCVAD. The PICC group and the OCVAD group were further broken down into diabetic patients and nondiabetic patients, and the incidence of CRI was compared within those gr...
Effects of maturational agents on expression and secretion of two partially characterized high molecular weight milk‐related glycoproteins in MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells

We have previously defined a human mammary epithelial antigen using a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated DF3, prepared against a membrane-enriched fraction of a human breast carcinoma. MAb DF3 detects a cell surface antigen with a molecular weight (mw) of approximately 300 Kd and a higher mw species also detectable in human milk. These findings and the demonstration that butyric acid (BA) increases DF3 antigen expression suggested that MAb DF3 reacts with a differentiation antigen detectable in human breast carcinoma cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that MAb DF3 reacts with two mucin-like high mw glycoproteins (330 and 450 Kd) present in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. The results also demonstrate that the intracellular content and secretion of DF3 antigen is increased by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). Other known inducers of differentiation including retinoic acid (RA), hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and certain polar solvents decrease DF3 antigen expression. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that DF3 antigen is secreted and that the extent coincides with changes in intracellular content. Finally, actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibit the increases in DF3 antigen expression following TPA treatment thus suggesting that newly synthesized RNA and protein are required for induction of this antigen. Thus, the monitoring of DF3 antigen expression may provide a marker for studying maturation of human breast cancer cells.
Evidence of intercolonial food exchange in fire ants and other Myrmicinae, using radioactive phosphorus

Food exchange occurred as an appeasement response in distant ant colonies ofSolenopsis invicta, S. geminata, andPheidole dentata. More regurgitated radioactive fluid was given to major workers than to minors by the donors from the alien colonies of these species.
Synthesis of 17-oxoandrosta-3,5-dien-3-methyl Sulfonate as Stable Analog of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate

Abstract The synthesis of 17-oxoandrosta-3,5-dien-3-methyl sulfonate 3, a stable analog of memory-enhancing neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, is described.
Assessment of electronic shearography for structural inspection

Electronic shearography (ES), a laser interferometry technique, has the potential for large-scale structural inspection and for identifying cracks and strain anomalies. A system based on this technology could possibly be used for noninvasive inspection of structures with high insensitivity and robustness. One major problem is the existence of largerigid body motions in typical engineering structures such as bridges and high-rise buildings. These rigid-body motions are large enough to cause a complete decorrelation of the characteristic speckle pattern that is obtained by illuminating the object surface. This nullifies any possibility of interference between speckled images obtained at different stages of loading, as is necessary for interferometry applications. A systematic study was conducted to characterize the speckle pattern obtained from typical civil structures as a function of the illumination and imaging system. Experiments were carried out to quantify speckle decorrelation as a function of object motion and instrumentation characteristics. A fracture mechanics based finite element (FEM) analysis was carried out on an existing fractured bridge to determine the strains and displacements. The results of these studies were subsequently used to define the parameters of a structural inspection system based on ES for field applications.
Two-Way Influence Processes In Leader-Follower Dyads

A laboratory experiment demonstrated that leaders' behaviors and attitudes varied as a function of subordinate performance and that subordinate behaviors and attitudes varied as a function of leade...
Autonomic, Neuroendocrine, and Immune Responses to Psychological Stress: The Reactivity Hypothesisa

We examined the effects of brief psychological stressors on cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and cellular immune response in 22 older women to investigate the common effects of stress across systems. Results revealed that psychological stressors heightened cardiac sympathetic activation, elevated plasma catecholamine concentrations, and affected the cellular immune response (ps < 0.05). In a replication and extension, 27 women caring for a spouse with a progressive dementia (high chronic stress) and 37 controls category matched for age and family income (low chronic stress) performed the 12-min laboratory stressor. Measures were taken before (low acute stress) and immediately following (high acute stress) exposure to the laboratory stressors as well as 30 min after termination of the stressor (recovery period). Acute stress again heightened cardiac sympathetic activation, elevated plasma catecholamine concentrations, and affected cellular immune responses (ps < 0.05), whereas chronic stress was associated with higher reports of negative affect, enhanced cardiac sympathetic activation, elevated blood pressure and plasma levels of ACTH, and diminished production of interleukin-1 beta (ps < 0.05). Correlational analyses in both studies further suggested that individuals who showed the greatest stress-related changes in HPA activation also exhibited the greatest diminution in cellular immune response.
On the Nonlinear Theory for Gravity Waves on the Ocean's Surface. Part I: Derivations

Abstract A general hydrodynamic solution is derived for arbitrary gravity-wave fields on the ocean surface by extending Stokes' (1847) original perturbational analysis. The solution to the nonlinear equations of motion is made possible by assuming that the surface height is periodic in both space and time and thus can be described by a Fourier series. The assumption of periodicity does not limit the generality of the result because the series can be made to approach an integral representation by taking arbitrarily large fundamental periods with respect to periods of the dominant ocean waves actually present on the surface. The observation areas and times over which this analysis applies are assumed small, however, compared to the periods required for energy exchange processes; hence an “energy balance” (or steady-state) condition is assumed to exist within the observed space-time intervals. This in turn implies the condition of statistical stationarity of the Fourier height coefficients when one generaliz...
Preparticipation physical examination using a box drop vertical jump test in young athletes: the effects of puberty and sex

ObjectiveNeuromuscular performance increases rapidly in males throughout pubertal development, whereas no similar neuromuscular spurt occurs in females. This fact may underlie neuromuscular imbalances related to increased risk of injury in females. The hypothesis: female athletes would demonstrate m
Seeded-gel synthesis of SAPO-34 single channel and monolith membranes, for CO2/CH4 separations

Abstract SAPO-34 zeolite membrane synthesis was scaled up by preparing membranes on seven-channel monolith alumina supports. These monoliths have CO2 permeances and CO2/CH4 separations selectivities at 4.6 MPa feed pressure that were similar to SAPO-34 membranes on single channel supports. They also exhibited the same pressure dependence. SAPO-34 membrane preparation was improved by adding SAPO-34 seed crystals to the synthesis gel instead of placing seeds on the support surface. Membranes prepared by seeded-gel synthesis had higher CO2 permeances, higher CO2/CH4 separation selectivities, and smaller standard deviations for these values. Using seeded-gel synthesis also decreased the number of synthesis steps, but increased the amount of seeds needed by two orders of magnitude.
A Case of Nonischemic T-Wave Inversions: Off the Deep End

Aman in his 30swith amedical history of remote pulmonary embolus (PE) and antiphosholipid antibody (APLA) syndrome presented to theemergencydepartmentwithprogressivedyspneaon exertion of 3 months’ duration. He also reported subacute, occasional, dull, substernal and right-sided exertional chest pain and a 10-pound unintentional weight loss. His temperature was 36.4°C; heart rate,60bpm;bloodpressure, 117/82mmHg; respirations, 18/ min; and resting oxygen saturation, 98%on ambient air. However, hisoxygensaturationdecreased to82%withambulation.Theother findingsofhisphysicalexaminationwere largelyunremarkable,other thanwidened splitting of S2. The laboratory evaluations, including cardiac troponin levels, were unremarkable. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) is shown in the Figure. Question: Should this patient be taken for emergency coronary angiography?
Foliar sensitivity of soybeans to ozone as related to several leaf parameters

Abstract The development of the first trifoliate leaf of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was followed to determine the relationship between foliar sensitivity to ozone and leaf growth, stomatal resistance, and selected soluble metabolites. Maximum foliar sensitivity to ozone occurred during the latter stage of rapid leaf expansion. At this time relative stomatal resistance was low; levels of protein, amino acids, total soluble sugars, sucrose and starch were decreasing and reducing sugar levels were increasing. As foliar injury subsided, metabolite levels remained low except for total soluble sugars and reducing sugars. Trends in metabolite levels relative to increased foliar sensitivity to ozone were different from trends reported for other species. Results suggest that metabolite pools do not directly relate to foliar sensitivity.
Reciprocal matrices with random coefficients

Abstract A method is developed to estimate the average opinion (or core) of a group of people. The method elicits judgments from a smaller group of individuals than the total population. What we obtain is a scattering of values around a core value that is being estimated. Some of those values will be closer to the core and others will lie away from it. The method presented here allows us, given the density of concentration of the judgments, to use to a greater extent those values closer to the core. The method generates a surface which is more like a probability distribution that can be used to estimate the core without treating the data as if it were direct estimates of it. The shape of the distribution that we have shown to be the relevant one is that corresponding to a Dirichlet distribution. Here we show that the only distribution of judgments which yields this type of result is the gamma distribution. Under the assumption of total consistency, if the judgments are gamma distributed, the principal right-eigenvector of the resulting reciprocal matrix of pairwise comparisons is Dirichlet distributed. If the assumption of consistency is relaxed, then the hypothesis that the principal right-eigenvector follows a Dirichlet distribution is accepted if inconsistency is 10% or less.
Measurement of the Percentage of Biodiesel in Blends With a Commercial Dielectric Fuel Sensor

Biodiesel is a nontoxic, biodegradable, and renewable fuel which can be made from vegetable oils. Most biodiesel used today is blended with petroleum diesel because lower level blends can be used in compression-ignition engines designed for conventional diesel fuel. Blending biodiesel with petroleum based diesel affects the physical properties of the fuel, which can have an impact on the performance of the engine. If the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel tank can be measured easily, it is possible to make engine adjustments to enhance the performance and emissions. In this project, a commercial fuel sensor was evaluated as a possible biodiesel percentage sensor. The Ford flexible fuel sensor was originally designed to measure the amount of ethanol in ethanol/gasoline blends. This resonant electromagnetic cavity sensor was used to determine the correlation between the output frequency and the percentage of biodiesel in blends of soybean oil biodiesel and No. 2 diesel fuel. Pure diesel fuel and soybean B100 were tested to serve as reference points. Soybean B100 from a different distributor and canola B100 were tested to investigate the effect of different biodiesel sources and types on output frequency. The output frequency of vegetable oil was also measured in order to consider the effect of using vegetable oil instead of biodiesel when trying to estimate blend percentage. The Ford flexible fuel sensor was capable of measuring the biodiesel percentage to within about ± 3%, and temperature changes between 10 and 50 °C produced no substantial change in this measurement. Emissions and performance measurements on a production diesel engine suggest that this sensor accuracy is sufficient to provide feedback for making adjustments to the engine operation.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Favorable impact of A multidisciplinary antibiotic management program conducted during 7 years

Objective:To evaluate the impact of an interventional multidisciplinary antibiotic management program on expenditures for antibiotics and on the incidence of nosocomial infections caused by Clostridium difficile and antibiotic-resistant pathogens during 7 years.Design:Prospective study with comparison with preintervention trends.Setting:University-affiliated teaching hospital.Patients:All adult inpatients.Intervention:A multidisciplinary antibiotic management program to minimize the inappropriate use of third-generation cephalosporins was implemented in 1991. Its impact was evaluated prospectively. The incidence of nosocomial C. difficile and resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections as well as the rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were compared with those of National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System hospitals of similar size.Results:Following implementation of the program, there was a 22% decrease in the use of parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics (P < .0001) despite a 15% increase in acuity of patient care during the following 7 years. Concomitantly, there was a significant (P= .002) decrease in nosocomial infections caused by C. difficile and a significant (P = .02) decrease in nosocomial infections caused by resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The program also appeared to have a favorable impact on VRE rates without a sustained impact on MRSA rates.Conclusion:These results suggest that an ongoing multidisciplinary antibiotic management program may have a sustained beneficial impact on both expenditures for antibiotics and the incidence of nosocomial infection by C. difficile and resistant bacterial pathogens.
SRAM dynamic stability: theory, variability and analysis

Technology scaling in sub-100 nm regime has significantly shrunk the SRAM stability margins in data retention, read and write operations. Conventional static noise margins (SNMs) are unable to capture nonlinear cell dynamics and become inappropriate for state-of-the-art SRAMs with shrinking access time and/or advanced dynamic read-write-assist circuits. Using the insights gained from rigorous nonlinear system theory, we define the much needed SRAM dynamic noise margins (DNMs). The newly defined DNMs not only capture key SRAM nonlinear dynamical characteristics but also provide valuable design insights. Furthermore, we show how system theory can be exploited to develop CAD algorithms that can analyze SRAM dynamic stability characteristics three orders of magnitude faster than a brute-force approach while maintaining SPICE-level accuracy. We also demonstrate a parametric dynamic stability analysis approach suitable for low-probability cell failures, leading to three orders of magnitude runtime speedup for yield analysis under high-sigma parameter variations.
Effect of prey quantity and temperature on nest demography of social wasps

. 1. To determine the effect of prey quantity and temperature on nest demography of social wasps (Polistes fuscatus), field experiments were conducted, in which wasps were provided with a low quantity of caterpillars (approximately nest subsistence level) or high quantity (three times as much). In addition, in the third year, the nest boxes were modified to be relatively cool (white and insulated) or warm (black). 2. In 1997 and 1998, high-food nests had a high proportion of cells containing developing offspring, produced more offspring, and had disproportionately more female offspring compared with low-food nests. 3. In 1999, the cool and warm nest boxes exhibited a daily average difference of 1.3 °C and a maximum difference of 6.9 °C. The warm high-food nests produced more offspring than any other treatment. The cool high-food nests produced similar numbers of offspring as the cool low-food and warm low-food treatments. 4. As indicated by a surplus of uncapped cells, foundresses of low-food nests, which would have had the egg-laying potential to produce many offspring, apparently sacrificed eggs to provide a food supplement for the developing offspring. This pattern plus more time observed foraging suggests considerable expenditure of energy by foundresses, in response to the low supply of food. 5. Importantly, these results indicate that an interactive effect of prey quantity and temperature on offspring production occurred, which may reflect the different effects on developmental rate and growth rate at cool versus warm nest temperatures.
Dynamic computational geometry

We consider problems in computational geometry when every one of the input points is moving in a prescribed manner. We present and analyze efficient algorithms for a number of problems and prove lower bounds for some of them.
Counterfactual thinking and reward processing: an fMRI study of responses to gamble outcomes.

Abstract The process of comparing obtained outcomes to alternative possible outcomes, known as counterfactual thinking, is inescapable in daily life; however, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying counterfactual thinking and how they influence emotional responses to better and worse outcomes is not well understood. We conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) gambling study in which participants were informed of two equally possible outcomes of a card gamble before they selected a card. Participants reported experiencing mixed emotions (i.e., both positive and negative affect) for disappointing wins (winning the lesser of two amounts) and relieving losses (losing the lesser of two amounts). Neuroimaging results supported the hypothesis that these mixed emotions were associated with activation of a fronto‐parietal network, which subsequently influenced processing in reward and punishment regions (dorsal and ventral striatum, right anterior insula). The fronto-parietal network was sensitive to outcomes that resulted in mixed emotions, whereas reward and punishment regions were sensitive to comparisons between obtained and unobtained outcomes. These findings provide insight into the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the mixed emotional experiences that result from counterfactual comparisons, and inform our understanding of how the brain is optimized to use the wealth of environmental information to inform current and future behavior.
The Child's Contribution to Culture: A Commentary on Toomela

Toomela (1996) has emphasized the psychological dimensions of the process by which human children become participants in cultures. I support his arguments with observations of chimpanzees, which ar...
THE EL PALTO PHASE OF NORTHERN PERÚ: CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE LATE PLEISTOCENE-EARLY HOLOCENE

En la costa norte del Peru, las tradiciones liticas mas tempranas documentadas se conocen, en conjunto, como la fase El Palto (~14.200-9.600 cal a.p.). Esta fase, que abarca desde el Pleistoceno Tardio hasta el Holoceno Temprano, contiene evidencias de varias tradiciones contemporaneas o que coinciden parcialmente en el tiempo, lo que incluye conjuntos unifaciales tempranos y los complejos Cola de Pescado y Paijan. Un reciente estudio de los sitios de la fase El Palto en el valle bajo de Jequetepeque se enfoco en la evaluacion de los vinculos entre estos conjuntos y las poblaciones que los produjeron. Los resultados de varios estudios regionales de largo plazo se combinan con estos analisis con el objeto de proporcionar una nueva sintesis acerca de los patrones de asentamiento temprano y el cambio tecnologico en esta region de los Andes Centrales.
Bond Energy, Rectilinear Distance and a Worst-case Bound for the Group Technology Problem

The machine-part relation in the group technology problem can be represented by a 0-1 matrix A where the rows represent the machines and the columns stand for the parts. The grouping of machines and parts into families is then equivalent to clustering the rows and the columns of A so that the resulting matrix may review some useful patterns of the original data. One frequently used objective function is the total ‘bond energy’ between the rows and the columns, which is a quadratic assignment problem formulation. We will show that this formulation is equivalent to solving two rectilinear travelling-salesman problems. On the basis of this observation, we propose a new approach to solve the group technology problem and establish a new worst-case bound for this problem.
MIS: A Multiple-Level Logic Optimization System

MIS is both an interactive and a batch-oriented multilevel logic synthesis and minimization system. MIS starts from the combinational logic extracted, typically, from a high-level description of a macrocell. It produces a multilevel set of optimized logic equations preserving the input-output behavior. The system includes both fast and slower (but more optimal) versions of algorithms for minimizing the area, and global timing optimization algorithms to meet system-level timing constraints. This paper provides an overview of the system and a description of the algorithms used. Included are some examples illustrating an input language used for specifying logic and don't-cares. Parts on an industrial chip have been re-synthesized using MIS with favorable results as compared to equivalent manual designs.
Delayed enhancement and myocardial velocity mapping CMR reveal differences in regional left ventricular function with varying levels of scar

Background Delayed enhancement (DE) CMR is the gold standard for detecting irreversibly damaged myocardial tissue (scar). Yet, direct impact of scar on regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function is not well understood. Standard tools for LV velocities (Tissue Doppler Imaging) are limited by poor reproducibility and incomplete assessment of all regions and motion directions. Myocardial CMR velocity mapping (MVM) is reproducible, non-invasive, and allows direct measure of myocardial velocities of all LV motion components in all regions. Here, we analyze effects of LV scar burden on myocardial motion.
Parallelization strategies for rapid and robust evolutionary multiobjective optimization in water resources applications

Abstract This study uses a formal metrics-based framework to demonstrate the Master–Slave (MS) and the Multiple-Population (MP) parallelization schemes for the Epsilon-Nondominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (e-NSGAII). The MS and MP versions of the e-NSGAII generalize the algorithm’s auto-adaptive population sizing, e-dominance archiving, and time continuation to a distributed processor environment using the Message Passing Interface. This study uses three test cases to compare the MS and MP versions of the e-NSGAII: (1) an extremely difficult benchmark test function termed DTLZ6 drawn from the computer science literature, (2) an unconstrained, continuous hydrologic model calibration test case for the Leaf River near Collins, Mississippi, and (3) a discrete, constrained four-objective long-term groundwater monitoring (LTM) application. The MP version of the e-NSGAII is more effective than the MS scheme when solving DTLZ6. Both the Leaf River and the LTM test cases proved to be more appropriately suited to the MS version of the e-NSGAII. Overall, the MS version of the e-NSGAII exhibits superior performance on both of the water resources applications, especially when considering its simplicity and ease-of-implementation relative to the MP scheme. A key conclusion of this study is that a simple MS parallelization strategy can exploit time-continuation and parallel speedups to dramatically improve the efficiency and reliability of evolutionary multiobjective algorithms in water resources applications.
Teenage drivers: patterns of risk.

Abstract Problem : To determine patterns of risk among teenage drivers. Method : Review and synthesis of the literature. Results : On most measures, crash rates during the teenage years are higher than at any other age, for both males and females. Risk among teenagers varies greatly by driving situation; it is particularly low in some situations (e.g., the learner period) and particularly high in others (e.g., right after licensure, late at night, with passengers present). In some of these high-risk driving situations, risk is elevated for drivers of all ages (e.g., late night driving), in others risk is elevated more for teens than adults (e.g., driving after consuming alcohol), and in others the risk is unique to teen drivers (e.g., having passengers). Impact on Research, Practice, and Policy : These varying patterns of risk form the basis for graduated licensing systems, which are designed to promote low-risk and discourage high-risk driving.
INVESTIGATION OF INTRAMOLECULAR SULFUR‐NITRO INTERACTIONS IN 2‐(2′‐PYRIDYLTHIO)‐3‐NITROPYRIDINE BY CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND X‐RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

The single crystal X-ray diffraction structure of 2-(2′-pyridylthio)-3-nitropyridine is reported. A non-bonded interaction was observed between the sulfur atom and one of the oxygen atoms of the nitro group with an interatomic distance of 2.678 A. Examination of the molecule's behavior in solution by 13C-nmr spin-lattice (T1) relaxation measurements showed the non-nitro bearing pyridyl ring to reorient anisotropically about the C2′-C5′ bond axis. In contrast, the nitro substituted pyridine ring did not appear to exhibit anisotropic reorientation about the corresponding C2-C5 bond axis. Rather, approximately equivalent relaxation times were noted for all protonated ring carbons, indicating that the relaxations of this portion of the molecule were governed by the overall isotropic reorientation of the system. Based on these observations, it was concluded that the intramolecular sulfur-nitro interaction also operates in the solution state and is sufficiently strong to prevent free rotation of the substituted portion of the molecule about the C2-S bond axis.
Some Problems in Reporting Use of Discriminant Analyses

Abstract There are some problems in the reporting of many numerical analyses—this includes reporting in newspapers, on television, in journal articles, and in books. In this article, the authors focus on problems in reporting results of predictive discriminant analysis (PDA) and descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA) in journal articles. The main issue addressed pertains to information that should be reported for PDA or DDA studies, and what results may be deleted with little loss to hamper judgment calls about the research quality and validity of conclusions. Twenty applications of discriminant analyses that appeared in 19 behavioral science journals (1998-2000) were scrutinized with respect to quality and quantity of reported results. The conclusion is not very positive. PDA and DDA results were very often mixed, which may not be too surprising because study purposes were typically not very explicit. Results specific to PDA and to DDA were very seldom reported with any meaningful interpretations.
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING OF THE GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE IN IMMOBILIZED CATS

Ten cats were immobilized with Flaxedil and given either paired conditioning trials or unpaired presentations of the CS and UCS in a study of classical GSR conditioning. The paired group received 5 adaptation trials followed by 40 paired tone-shock acquisition trials and 10 extinction trials. A pseudo-conditioning control group received unpaired trials with tone and shock, to control for pseudoconditioning and sensitization. It was found that the group receiving paired conditioning trials responded at a significantly higher magnitude than did control Ss, thus demonstrating classical conditioning in this preparation. Electromyograms were recorded for all Ss during the experimental sessions to monitor skeletal movements. The level of immobilization was such that no movements were seen in response to the CS. Analysis of the baseline skin resistance data revealed no significant differences which could have contributed to group differences in GSR magnitudes. It is concluded that skeletal movement was not a necessary concomitant of classical conditioning of the GSR.
Forkhead proteins control the outcome of transcription factor binding by antiactivation

Transcription factors with identical DNA‐binding specificity often activate different genes in vivo . Yeast Ace2 and Swi5 are such activators, with targets we classify as Swi5‐only, Ace2‐only, or both. We define two unique regulatory modes. Ace2 and Swi5 both bind in vitro to Swi5‐only genes such as HO , but only Swi5 binds and activates in vivo . In contrast, Ace2 and Swi5 both bind in vivo to Ace2‐only genes, such as CTS1 , but promoter‐bound Swi5 fails to activate. We show that activation by Swi5 is prevented by the binding of the Forkhead factors Fkh1 and Fkh2, which recruit the Rpd3(Large) histone deacetylase complex to the CTS1 promoter. Global analysis shows that all Ace2‐only genes are bound by both Ace2 and Swi5, and also by Fkh1/2. Genes normally activated by either Ace2 or Swi5 can be converted to Ace2‐only genes by the insertion of Fkh‐binding sites. Thus Fkh proteins, which function initially to activate SWI5 and ACE2 , subsequently function as Swi5‐specific antiactivators.
Epigenetic Dysregulation in the Schizophrenic Brain

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder, which lacks a unifying neuropathology. However, reproducible molecular alterations exist, including RNA expression changes affecting GABAergic and other neuronal signaling in cerebral cortex, myelination, and other cellular functions. Yet, for the large majority of RNAs altered in the SCZ brain, the underlying transcriptional and post-transcriptional disease-associated mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we provide an update on epigenetic regulators of gene expression that are potentially affected in some cases with SCZ, including DNA cytosine methylation, histone modifications and histone variants, and chromosomal loop formations facilitating long-range interactions of gene promoters with distal enhancer elements. Exploration of chromatin structure and function, in combination with transcriptome and genome sequencing, is likely to critically advance insight into the molecular mechanisms of disease in specific cases with SCZ.
Infectious type C viruses released by normal cat embryo cells.

Abstract Type C viruses with antigenic and host range properties similar to the RD114 virus and to a virus from a continuous line of cat kidney cells, CCC, have been isolated from six of ten diploid fetal cat cell cultures. Each of the new viruses replicates readily in human and rhesus monkey cells, but not in most other cat cell strains tested. However, a cat cell strain, FFc60WF, was found that is permissive for replication of the RD/CCC group of type C viruses produced by other cat cell strains. The host range of these endogenous type C viruses includes bat, dog, mink, and rabbit cells, as well as primate cells. Type C viruses of the FeLV group could not be detected in any of these ten fetal cat cell cultures. Viral RNA from one of the new isolates, from the CCC virus, and from RD114 virus each specifically anneal S 1 to an [ 3 H]DNA transcript of the RD114 genome.