cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Xinjiang Grain Productivity and Overall Layout as the National Reserve Base for Grain Security

【Objective】To predict Xinjiang grain productivity and overall optimum layout in 2020 based on the agriculture production conditions and developing features of Xinjiang,and the developing potentials of its water and soil resources.The information will provide evidence for ensuring grain security and building national reserve base in Xinjiang.【Method】Linear optimization model.【Result】(1)By developing water and land potential,increasing yield level,and optimizing layout,Xinjiang possesses the capability of grain production that can reach a planting area of 313.33×104 hm2 and with a yield of 2 700×104 t after considering the development of cotton,livestock,and fruits,taking into account the current production level and future demand of 14 different prefectures.(2)Suppose there is an extreme conditon such as big natural disaster,to meet the national strategic need without considering other planting,in 2020 Xinjiang possesses the extreme grain production capability with a planting area of 500×104 hm2 and a yield of 4 700×104 t.【Conclusion】Xinjiang has the qualification as national reserve base with big potential of grain productivity.The government should provide strong policy to support Xinjiang increasing grain productivity.
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SLUDGING OF ERYTHROCYTES IN EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION.

SUMMARY By means of a radioisotope method which quantitates erythrocyte sequestration, the effects of ascorbic acid, low molecular weight dextran, and 5 per cent dextrose primer on erythrocyte sequestration in the microcirculation following extracorporeal circulation in dogs were evaluated. Prior to perfusion, 3.0 per cent of the total circulating red cell mass was sequestered, presumably as the result of pentobarbital anesthesia, whereas no sequestration was observed in unanesthetized dogs. Following the perfusion, 11.8 per cent of the total body erythrocytes was demonstrated to be sequestered and some erythrocytes remained sequestered in the microcirculation for as long as 60 to 90 minutes. When ascorbic acid was administered, only 4.6 per cent of the erythrocyte mass was sequestered. Low molecular weight dextran and 5 per cent dextrose primer diminished the sequestration to 3.2 per cent and 5.4 per cent, respectively. The beneficial effects of various perfusion techniques were also demonstrated by the microscopic study of the mesenteric microcirculation. On the basis of this study, ascorbic acid is being used as the anti-sludging agent in clinical perfusions.
OncomiR or Tumor Suppressor? The Duplicity of MicroRNAs in Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, noncoding RNAs whose dysregulation has been implicated in most, if not all, cancers. They regulate gene expression by suppressing mRNA translation and reducing mRNA stability. To this end, there is a great deal of interest in modifying miRNA expression levels for the treatment of cancer. However, the literature is fraught with inconsistent accounts as to whether various miRNAs are oncogenic or tumor suppressive. In this review, we directly examine these inconsistencies and propose several mechanisms to explain them. These mechanisms include the possibility that specific miRNAs can simultaneously produce competing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects by suppressing both tumor suppressive mRNAs and oncogenic mRNAs, respectively. In addition, miRNAs can modulate tumor-modifying extrinsic factors, such as cancer-immune system interactions, stromal cell interactions, oncoviruses, and sensitivity to therapy. Ultimately, it is the balance between these processes that determines whether a specific miRNA produces a net oncogenic or net tumor suppressive effect. A solid understanding of this phenomenon will likely prove valuable in evaluating miRNA targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3666-70. ©2016 AACR.
New Insights About Time-Varying Diffusivity and Its Estimation from Diffusion MRI

Purpose Characterizing the relation between the applied gradient sequences and the measured diffusion MRI signal is important for estimating the time-dependent diffusivity, which provides important information about the microscopic tissue structure. Theory and Methods In this article, we extend the classical theory of Stepisnik for measuring time-dependent diffusivity under the Gaussian phase approximation. In particular, we derive three novel expressions which represent the diffusion MRI signal in terms of the mean-squared displacement, the instantaneous diffusivity, and the velocity autocorrelation function. We present the explicit signal expressions for the case of single diffusion encoding and oscillating gradient spin-echo sequences. Additionally, we also propose three different models to represent time-varying diffusivity and test them using Monte-Carlo simulations and in vivo human brain data. Results The time-varying diffusivities are able to distinguish the synthetic structures in the Monte-Carlo simulations. There is also strong statistical evidence about time-varying diffusivity from the in vivo human data set. Conclusion The proposed theory provides new insights into our understanding of the time-varying diffusivity using different gradient sequences. The proposed models for representing time-varying diffusivity can be utilized to study time-varying diffusivity using in vivo human brain diffusion MRI data. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Fluorescent Protein-Based Ca2+ Sensor Reveals Global, Divalent Cation-Dependent Conformational Changes in Cardiac Troponin C.

Cardiac troponin C (cTnC) is a key effector in cardiac muscle excitation-contraction coupling as the Ca2+ sensing subunit responsible for controlling contraction. In this study, we generated several FRET sensors for divalent cations based on cTnC flanked by a donor fluorescent protein (CFP) and an acceptor fluorescent protein (YFP). The sensors report Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding, and relay global structural information about the structural relationship between cTnC’s N- and C-domains. The sensors were first characterized using end point titrations to decipher the response to Ca2+ binding in the presence or absence of Mg2+. The sensor that exhibited the largest responses in end point titrations, CTV-TnC, (Cerulean, TnC, and Venus) was characterized more extensively. Most of the divalent cation-dependent FRET signal originates from the high affinity C-terminal EF hands. CTV-TnC reconstitutes into skinned fiber preparations indicating proper assembly of troponin complex, with only ~0.2 pCa unit rightward shift of Ca2+-sensitive force development compared to WT-cTnC. Affinity of CTV-TnC for divalent cations is in agreement with known values for WT-cTnC. Analytical ultracentrifugation indicates that CTV-TnC undergoes compaction as divalent cations bind. C-terminal sites induce ion-specific (Ca2+ versus Mg2+) conformational changes in cTnC. Our data also provide support for the presence of additional, non-EF-hand sites on cTnC for Mg2+ binding. In conclusion, we successfully generated a novel FRET-Ca2+ sensor based on full length cTnC with a variety of cellular applications. Our sensor reveals global structural information about cTnC upon divalent cation binding.
Relative Effects of Two Methods of Teaching the Forehand Drive in Tennis

(1965). Relative Effects of Two Methods of Teaching the Forehand Drive in Tennis. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 120-122.
Pokémon Go as an HRG: Mobility, sociability, and surveillance in hybrid spaces

In July 2016, Niantic Labs released the hybrid/augmented reality game Pokemon Go. Due to the game’s sudden enormous success, many mobile phone users all over the world could experience for the first time playing a hybrid reality game. Hybrid reality games, however, are not new. For at least 15 years, researchers and artists experiment with the affordances of location-based mobile technology to create playful experiences that take place across physical and digital (i.e., hybrid) spaces. Blast Theory’s Can You See Me Now?, developed in 2001, is one of the first examples. Yet for a long time, these games remained in the domain of art and research, and had therefore a very limited player community. Previous research has identified three design characteristics of hybrid reality games: mobility, sociability, and spatiality; and three main aspects to analyze these games: the connection between play and ordinary life, the relevance of the play community, and surveillance. With hybrid reality games’ commercializat...
FROM FORAGING TO FARMING: THE SO-CALLED “NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION”

This essay provides evidence that the invention of agriculture was not a dramatic technological advance in the history of humankind and that agriculture was quite consistent with nomadic hunting and gathering. The available clues also suggest that exact origins of agriculture do not seem important. Rather, the crucial question is why certain societies dramatically increased their dependency on agriculture for subsistence two to ten millennia ago. Unfortunately, most of the major theories purporting to explain the neolithic revolution – either the origins or the spread of agriculture – are either untestable or inconsistent with the available evidence. What is at stake for economic historians is to rethink the process of the adoption of agriculture using a multi-causal approach.
Impact of a Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Educational Program for Interdisciplinary Teams.

Background Successful implementation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) evidence-based guideline recommendations requires effective educational programs that target all clinicians from interdisciplinary teams. This study describes and evaluates the Engaging an Interdisciplinary Team for NSCLC (GAIN 3.0) experiential learning-based educational curriculum. Methods GAIN 3.0 was designed to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration for effective NSCLC diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. The program used a flipped classroom model that included an e-learning component prior to a live 6-hour interactive program. The interactive program included hands-on simulations, small group workshops, gamification, and case discussions. Participants included academic and community members of multidisciplinary lung cancer teams. Assessments included an online baseline survey, a pretest and posttest, a program evaluation, a long-term survey (LTS), and on-site faculty evaluation of participants. Results Of 416 attendees to 13 live GAIN 3.0 programs (nine in the United States and four in Europe), 304 (73%) completed the pretest and 187 (45%) completed the posttest. Out of a perfect score of 12 points, program participants had a mean test score of 6.3 ± 2.1 on the pretest (52%) and 7.8 ± 2.1 on the posttest (65%) ( P = .03). There was an overall knowledge increase of 13% from pretest to posttest. Most LTS respondents (65%) rated the GAIN 3.0 live programs as "high impact." On the LTS, the areas with the greatest gains in participants who had very high confidence were communication across disciplines, use of a team-based approach, and personalized treatment. Conclusions GAIN 3.0 was a highly successful interdisciplinary activity that improved participants' knowledge, competence, and likely the clinical care provided to patients with NSCLC.
Influence of initial soil moisture and vegetation conditions on monsoon precipitation events in northwest México

Land surface conditions including soil moisture and vegetation states are expected to play important roles in the development of the daytime boundary layer and the formation of convective precipitation. For areas with an in-phase seasonality of radiation and precipitation, such as the North American Monsoon (NAM) region, diagnosing the direct contributions of each effect is difficult given the co-occurrence of high soil moisture and vegetation greening during the warm season. In this study, we use the WRF-Hydro modeling system to simulate the interactions between the land surface and atmosphere within a large watershed in northwest Mexico subject to the influence of the NAM. After testing the coupled simulations against a bias-corrected reanalysis product for two summer periods in 2004 and 2013, we conduct a series of storm-scale modeling experiments that separately vary the initial soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Results reveal that both soil moisture and vegetation anomalies can positively affect convective precipitation, although their influence on boundary layer development is different. We then diagnose the specific land-atmosphere mechanisms by which the land surface states positively influence convective precipitation. Under high land surface anomalies, such as initial soil moisture equal to field capacity or the maximum vegetation greening state, storm-scale (48 h) precipitation accumulations can be increased up to 26 mm. As a result, improvements in how land surface conditions are initialized either through remote sensing or sensor networks are critical for enhancing precipitation prediction systems in the NAM region.
Nutrient Immobilization in Decaying Litter: An Example of Carbon-Nutrient Interactions

Carbon-nutrient interactions are identified as important topics for ecological research in the 1980s. The linkages between carbon and nutrients during plant litter decay are the focus of this paper. A recently developed model for estimating the maximum net immobilization potential in decomposing litter is reviewed. The factors that control the magnitude of nitrogen immobilization are considered using the model. Key research questions about carbon-nitrogen interactions during plant litter decay are identified.
Cystic Neck Masses

Head and neck masses in children are common and virtually always benign. The location of the mass is often an excellent clue to the differential diagnosis of the mass (Table 26.1). The age, history, and physical examination will also provide significant clues to aid in the diagnosis. Determining whether the lesion is cystic or solid helps to narrow the differential diagnosis. The vast majority of cystic cervical lesions are embryologic in origin; thus a proper understanding of the relevant embryology is important.
Pooled analysis suggests benefit of catheter-based hematoma removal for intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To develop models of outcome for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to identify promising and futile interventions based on their early phase results without need for correction for baseline imbalances. Methods We developed a pooled outcome model from the control arms of randomized control trials and tested different interventions against the model at comparable baseline conditions. Eligible clinical trials and large case series were identified from multiple library databases. Models based on baseline factors reported in the control arms were tested for the ability to predict functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score) and mortality. Interventions were grouped into blood pressure control, fibrinolytic-assisted hematoma evacuation, hemostatic medications, and neuroprotective agents. Statistical intervals around the model were generated at the p = 0.1 level to screen how each trial9s outcome compared to expected outcome. Results Fourteen control arms with 3,386 patients were used to develop 7 alternate models for functional outcome. The model incorporating baseline NIH Stroke Scale, age, and hematoma volume yielded the best fit (adjusted R2 = 0.89). All early phase treatments that eventually resulted in negative late phase trials were identified as negative by this method. Early phase fibrinolytic-assisted hematoma evacuation studies showed the most promise trending toward improved functional outcome with no suggestion of an increase in mortality, supporting its further study. Conclusions We successfully developed an outcome model for ICH that identified interventions destined to be negative while identifying a promising one. Such an approach may assist in prioritizing resources prior to multicenter trial.
Abiotic phosphorus recycling from adsorbed ribonucleotides on a ferrihydrite-type mineral: Probing solution and surface species.

Abstract Iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxide minerals, which are amongst most reactive minerals in soils and sediments, are known to exhibit strong adsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and organophosphate (Po) compounds. Beyond synthetic Po compounds, much still remains unknown about the reactivity of these minerals to transform naturally-occurring Po compounds to Pi, particularly with respect to solution versus surface speciation of Po hydrolysis. To investigate this reactivity with a ferrihydrite-type mineral and ribonucleotides, we employed high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Kinetic experiments were conducted with the mineral (1 g L−1) reacted with adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate, or triphosphate (respectively AMP, ADP, ATP; 50 µM). Analysis of solution organic species by LC-MS implied that only adsorption occurred with AMP and ADP but both adsorption and dephosphorylation of ATP were evident. Maximum adsorption capacities per gram of mineral were 40.6 ± 0.8 µmol AMP, 35.7 ± 1.6 µmol ADP, and 10.9 ± 1.0 µmol ATP; solution dephosphorylated by-products accounted for 15% of initial ATP. Subsequent XANES analysis of the surface species revealed that 16% of adsorbed AMP and 30% of adsorbed ATP were subjected to dephosphorylation, which was not fully quantifiable from the solution measurements. Molecular simulations predicted that ADP and ATP were complexed mainly via the phosphate groups whereas AMP binding also involved multiple hydrogen bonds with the adenosine moiety; our FTIR data confirmed these binding confirmations. Our findings thus imply that specific adsorption mechanisms dictate the recycling and subsequent trapping of Pi from ribonucleotide-like biomolecules reacted with Fe (oxyhydr)oxide minerals.
Blood finds a way: pictorial review of thoracic collateral vessels

In the healthy patient, blood returns to the heart via classic venous pathways. Obstruction of any one of these pathways will result in blood flow finding new collateral pathways to return to the heart. Although significant anatomic variation exists and multiple collateral vessels are often present in the same patient, it is a general rule that the collateral pathways formed are a function of the site of venous blockage. Therefore, knowledge of typical collateral vessel systems can provide insight in localizing venous obstruction and characterizing its severity and chronicity. In addition, knowledge of collateral anatomy can be essential in interventional procedural and/or surgical planning, especially when placing catheters in patients with venous blockage. In this pictorial review, we provide a systematic approach to understanding collateral pathways in patients with venous obstruction in the upper body.
Measurement of the Uranium-238 Subthreshold Fission Cross Section for Incident Neutron Energies Between 0.6 and 100 keV

We have measured the neutron-induced 238U subthreshold fission cross section in the neutron energy range between 0.6 and 100 keV. A total of 28 fission clusters were identified. The well-known clus...
Role of Bacterial and Fungal Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in the Microbiology Laboratory

Abstract Epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are increasingly used in clinical microbiology and public health laboratories. Breakpoint-setting organizations have developed ECVs for bacteria and fungi. ECVs separate organism populations into wild type (WT) and non-wild type (NWT) and are defined according to species. They differ from clinical breakpoints in that clinical outcome and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data are not taken into account during their development. Thus, ECVs are not predictors of clinical success (or failure) in the patient. Laboratories should never report WT organisms as “susceptible” or NWT organisms as “resistant.” Microbiologists must be aware of the limitations and differences of ECVs as compared to breakpoints, and if ECVs are applied for individual patient care, discussions between the microbiology laboratory and other key health care providers should take place. Clinical report comments aid in interpretation of ECVs.
Constructing Personal Guiding Theory Using Visual Representation: An Innovative Pedagogical Strategy

A personal guiding theory of counseling involves the alignment of personal values and beliefs with a theoretical approach(es). Counselors use their personal guiding theory as a foundation to naviga...
Asymptotic Dependence of Stable Self-Similar Processes of Chentsov Type

This paper studies the asymptotic dependence structure of self-similar symmetric α-stable random processes of Chentsov type with 0 < α < 2. The results allow us to easily verify that Chentsov type processes are different from many other self-similar symmetric α-stable processes with stationary increments.
Minimally invasive surgiscopic evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke associated with a 40% mortality rate at 30 days and a 75% functional dependence rate at 6 months. The role of surgery to treat ICH remains controversial. Preclinical studies suggest minimally invasive clot evacuation following ICH may benefit patients by mitigating primary and secondary brain injury.1 2 In this video, we report the operative technique used in minimally invasive surgicsopic evacuation following ICH (video 1). We demonstrate our presurgical approach using preoperative volumetric imaging loaded onto a stereotactic guidance system. Evacuation of intraparenchymal and intraventricular components of a hemorrhage are shown under direct surgiscopic vision using the Aurora System (Integra LifeSciences, Princeton, NJ, USA). Hemostasis is achieved when actively bleeding vessels are directly cauterized and irrigation of the clot cavity yields no fresh blood. Pre- and postevacuation radiographic differences illustrate the mitigation of clot burden in an elderly patient. neurintsurg;13/4/400/V1F1V1Video 1.
Geography, great power rivalry and the precarious survival of Iran, 1860–1914

This paper examines how buffer status or geographic location between two rival great powers, namely Imperial Britain and Russia, affected Iran’s survival chances from 1860 to 1914. By unpacking sur...
Robust variable speed limit control with respect to uncertainties

Abstract The Cell Transmission Model (CTM) has been widely used to design variable speed limit (VSL) controllers. Since the CTM is an idealization of the actual traffic flow, the issue of robustness of VSL with respect to uncertainties such as disturbances due to modeling and measurement errors is an important problem. In this paper, we modify the CTM to include a constant disturbance term that is unknown and could change over time. The stability properties of the modified open-loop CTM are analyzed and used to motivate the design of a robust VSL controller. The VSL controller is designed to reject external disturbances, which are constant over large intervals of time, while guaranteeing that the density converges to the desired equilibrium state corresponding to high flow and speed. Microscopic simulations based on the commercial software VISSIM are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust VSL controller and associated benefits for traffic scenarios along a large segment of I-710 in Southern California.
Risk Factors for Blood Transfusion in Women Requiring Surgical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

Study Objective To identify preoperative risk factors associated with blood transfusion in women undergoing surgery for ectopic pregnancy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic-affiliated community hospital system. Patients or Participants Patients who underwent surgery for ectopic pregnancy between January 2014 and October 2017. Interventions Review and analysis of patient characteristics and perioperative care. Measurements and Main Results In this cohort of 252 women, the overall transfusion rate was 8.7% (n=22). Increasing age (mean 33.1y vs 29.8y, p=0.0087), decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) on presentation (113.0mmHg vs 123.1mmHg, p=0.0024), lower minimum SBP (93.8mmHg vs 111.9mmHg, p Conclusion There is a high rate of transfusion in women undergoing surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Identification of preoperative, potentially modifiable risk factors should aid in targeting interventions to improve transfusion rates in this young population.
Development of a proxy-reported scale to assess motor function in infants and young children with early-onset neuromuscular disorders

Aim To develop a novel proxy-reported scale of motor function in infants and young children with early-onset neuromuscular disorders (NMD), entitled the Proxy Motor Outcome Measure (PMOM). Design A mixed method design was employed, applying both qualitative and quantitative research. Methods A framework technique using sensitivity analyses guided the development of the most appropriate and relevant subset of items, modelled after 30 neuromuscular disease instruments/scales. The PMOM was designed based on semi-structured interviews with 16 proxies; a focus group of 11 experts in neuromuscular diseases and scale development, 10 of whom also gave quantitative data using a two-round Delphi method survey; and cognitive interviews with five proxies. These processes were conducted between January 2014-March 2019. Results Nine themes and 32 subthemes were derived from the semi-structured interviews. Five domains and three subdomains of potential items were identified by the focus group. An initial version of the PMOM scale was created with 121 items. Using the two-round Delphi method, 43 items met agreement on pre-defined requirements. The second version of the PMOM scale included these 43 and two additional items based on expert feedback. Proxies gave 114 suggestions on cognitive interviews, 99 of which were successfully addressed by the research team. The final version of the PMOM scale included 43 items. Conclusion We developed a preliminary proxy-reported instrument, the PMOM, to evaluate motor function in infants and young children with early-onset NMD. Impact Proxies hold a wealth of knowledge on their child's motor function during early development, which may complement clinic-based motor function testing. However, there is no validated measure of motor function that incorporates the observation of proxies of infants and young children with NMD. Future work will be focused on assessing the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the PMOM scale and implementing this tool in clinical studies.
Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection- Incidental findings on FDG PET/CT.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives Identify the incidental findings of Covid-19 pneumonitis on 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in asymptomatic oncologic patients. The goal was to detect clinically unsuspected Covid-19 infections to prevent community spread. Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to recognize the pattern of metabolic and radiographic alterations on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in Covid-19 patients. 492 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were reviewed for pulmonary and systemic abnormalities. Results 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated new lung infiltrates in 29 asymptomatic patients. 13/29 patients had Covid-19 infection confirmed by nasopharyngeal nucleic acid PCR test. The most common lung abnormality was pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) (90%) in peripheral distribution (100%), involving 1 lobe in four patients (30.8%), 2–3 lobes in four patients, and 4-5 lobes in five patients (38.4%). Mean SUVmax was 4.7 (range 1.3–13.1). Ten patients developed symptoms, mainly fever, fatigue, and dry cough, within 6.4 ± 7.8 days (range 1–24). Of the available laboratory data of 12 patients, eight developed lymphopenia, and five patients had neutrophilia. Five patients required hospitalization, and two died of complications. Conclusion For a given geographic region in the later stage of a pandemic, such as Covid-19, community spread of the disease is common. Therefore, it is not surprising to find it in asymptomatic being imaged for other indications. Recognition of its manifestation and effectively mounting mitigation protocols is essential to further reduce SARS-CoV-2 spread, especially to susceptible groups, predominantly the elderly and people with comorbidities.
Integrating behavioral health into two primary care clinics serving vulnerable populations

Abstract Background/purpose Behavioral health (BH) problems and chronic disease often co-occur. Patients with both physical and behavioral conditions use more medical services, require more hospitalizations and readmissions, and experience poorer quality of life. The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative model in which BH services are integrated into nurse-led primary care clinics for uninsured and underinsured patients. Methods BH providers, including a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner, psychiatrist, clinical social worker, and care coordinator, were integrated into the ongoing P roviding A ccess t o H ealthcare (PATH) and H eart Failu R e T ransitional Care S ervices for A dults (HRTSA) clinics. In addition, other providers received training in BH screening and motivational interviewing. All patients were screened for depression, anxiety, tobacco and substance use at every visit. Examination of appointments revealed information about patient engagement with BH. A total of 520 unique patients at both clinics qualified for BH services and 250 remained engaged in treatment for approximately five visits. Improvement on measures of depression and anxiety was observed for both engaged and non-engaged patients. Discussions/conclusions Integrated BH and primary care within the same clinic space, along with training for all clinicians, allows for early diagnosis and intervention which are crucial to patients with few resources and high needs.
Effects of Nonuniform Blade Spacing on Compressor Rotor Flutter Stability

A generalized flat plate cascade model is used in this study to predict the unsteady aerodynamics of a vibrating blade row with nonuniform blade spacing in subsonic compressible flow. The blade row...
Singular Integrals, Rank One Perturbations and Clark Model in General Situation

We start with considering rank one self-adjoint perturbations A α = A +α( ⋅ , φ)φ with cyclic vector \(\varphi \in \mathcal{H}\) on a separable Hilbert space \(\mathcal{H}\). The spectral representation of the perturbed operator A α is realized by a (unitary) operator of a special type: the Hilbert transform in the two-weight setting, the weights being spectral measures of the operators A and A α .
Measurement of Bacterial Biomass as Lipopolysaccharide

The biomass of bacteria in various waters can be estimated by measuring the amount of cellular bound lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS, which is present in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, including cyanobacteria, can be quantitated by using an extract of Limulus amebocytes. In one special environment, an oceanic water column below the euphotic zone, the results of the LPS technique agreed very well with those of the direct count and adenosine triphosphate techniques for measuring bacterial biomass.
The incidence of unsuspected asymptomatic thrombophlebitis of pelvic veins associated with hysterectomy

Abstract The coincidental finding of unsuspected, asymptomatic thrombophlebitis of pelvic veins, unilateral or bilateral, has not been adequately documented in literature. In 24 cases among 1,000 consecutive hysterectomies performed by a single operator, asymptomatic thrombophlebitis of the pelvic veins was noted as a coincidental finding. Attention was brought to the process by a retrograde study of the occurrence in 12 cases in 500 hysterectomies prior to 1967. In all cases, the clotting process could be classified as 24 to 48 hours or older. In 14 of the 24, patients had complete screening for cloting problems. The indications for the gynecologic surgery included pelvic inflammation, pathologically confirmed endometriosis, and multiple leiomyoma. In three cases proir to surgery, the physician had noted irregular nodules in otherwise normal adnexa. No embolic processes were noted.
Minimum Rate Coding for LTI Systems Over Noiseless Channels

This paper studies rate requirements for state estimation in linear time-invariant (LTI) systems where the controller and the plant are connected via a noiseless channel with limited capacity. Using information theoretic arguments, we obtain first for scalar systems, and subsequently for multidimensional systems, lower bounds on the data rates required for state estimation under three different stability criteria, namely monotonic boundedness of entropy, asymptotic stability of distortion, and support size stability. Further, the minimum data rate achievable by any source-encoder is computed under each of these criteria, and the best rate achievable with quantization is shown to be in agreement with the information-theoretic bounds in some specific cases (such as if the system coefficient is an integer or if the criterion is an asymptotic one). Existence of optimal variable-length and fixed-length quantizers are studied and optimal quantizers are constructed under each of these criteria. One observation is that, the uniform quantizer is, in addition to being simple, efficient in linear control systems
Aging of the B-1a cell pool (IRC3P.473)

B-1a cells arise predominately during fetal development, and their persistence throughout adult life is maintained through self-renewal. These cells are essential for immediate protection from S. pneumoniae infection. The unique ability of fetal derived B-1a cells to provide protection against S. pneumoniae is attributed to their spontaneously secreted natural IgM, which is germline-like due to minimal insertion of N-region additions and little somatic hypermutation. The B-1a cell pool is also maintained by B-1 cell progenitors found in the adult bone marrow. We reported these bone marrow derived (BMD) B-1a cells are functionally and phenotypically similar to native B-1a cells; however, BMD B-1a cells contain an increased number of N-region additions in their natural IgM as compared to native B-1a cells. Natural IgM derived from native B-1a cells in aged mice also contains more N-region additions. We show an increase in N-region addition in mice 6 months to 24 months of age. This suggests the repertoire of B-1a derived natural IgM changes with age, and the adult B-1a cell pool is not a closed system. We hypothesized the level of natural IgM protection changes with age as a result of repertoire alterations to the B-1a cell pool over time. We found the natural IgM from aged mice is less effective at protection from S. pneumoniae infection. Data presented here suggest age related changes of natural IgM can lead to less effective initial protection against infection.
Two Problems of Interstellar Chemistry

I speculate upon two topics of interstellar chemistry. These are first, the ubiquitous abundance of CH+in diffuse clouds; second, the rich organic chemistry of dense molecular clouds. The problem of the first topic is that CH+ is relatively difficult to make but very easy to destroy1. The second problem is that the cosmic abundance of oxygen is more than twice that of carbon, thus how can this rich, reducing chemistry be produced.
Global effects of the DEAD-box RNA helicase DeaD (CsdA) on gene expression over a broad range of temperatures

In Escherichia coli, activity of the global regulatory RNA binding protein CsrA is antagonized by two non-coding sRNAs, CsrB and CsrC, which sequester it away from its lower affinity mRNA targets. Transcription of csrB/C requires the BarA-UvrY two component signal transduction system, which responds to short chain carboxylates. We show that two DEAD-box RNA helicases, DeaD and SrmB, activate csrB/C expression by different pathways. DeaD facilitates uvrY translation by counteracting the inhibitory effect of long distance base-pairing between the uvrY mRNA leader and coding region, while SrmB does not affect UvrY or UvrY-phosphate levels. Contrary to the prevailing notion that these helicases act primarily at low temperatures, DeaD and SrmB activated csrB expression over a wide temperature range. High-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) revealed in vivo interactions of DeaD with 39 mRNAs, including those of uvrY and 9 other regulatory genes. Studies on the expression of several of the identified genes revealed regulatory effects of DeaD in all cases and diverse temperature response patterns. Our findings uncover an expanded regulatory role for DeaD, which is mediated through novel mRNA targets, important global regulators and under physiological conditions that were considered to be incompatible with its function.
CDD: a curated Entrez database of conserved domain alignments

The Conserved Domain Database (CDD) is now indexed as a separate database within the Entrez system and linked to other Entrez databases such as MEDLINE®. This allows users to search for domain types by name, for example, or to view the domain architecture of any protein in Entrez's sequence database. CDD can be accessed on the WorldWideWeb at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=cdd. Users may also employ the CD-Search service to identify conserved domains in new sequences, at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi. CD-Search results, and pre-computed links from Entrez's protein database, are calculated using the RPS-BLAST algorithm and Position Specific Score Matrices (PSSMs) derived from CDD alignments. CD-Searches are also run by default for protein–protein queries submitted to BLAST® at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST. CDD mirrors the publicly available domain alignment collections SMART and PFAM, and now also contains alignment models curated at NCBI. Structure information is used to identify the core substructure likely to be present in all family members, and to produce sequence alignments consistent with structure conservation. This alignment model allows NCBI curators to annotate ‘columns’ corresponding to functional sites conserved among family members.
Glucokinase of Escherichia-coli: Induction in Response to the Stress of Overexpressing Foreign Proteins

A variety of stressful conditions, such as heat shock, ethanol, osmotic shock, glucose deprivation, and oxidative stress, are known to induce the synthesis of specific proteins. Here, we report the induction in Escherichia coli of a protein elicited in response to a hitherto unidentified stress condition, i.e., the overexpression of foreign proteins. The induced protein identified as glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) is produced at a level > or = 20-fold higher than the level in wild-type E. coli when foreign proteins are expressed under the control of the alkaline phosphatase (phoA) promoter. The bacterial glucokinase is shown to have a mass of approximately 47 kDa determined by a "renaturation activity stain assay" in situ following sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and exhibits a high specificity for the phosphorylation of glucose. The apparent Km values for glucose and ATP for the enzyme are 0.15 and 0.50 mM, respectively, indicating that the E. coli enzyme is a low Km glucose hexokinase. The enzyme cross-reacts with rabbit antisera raised against hexokinase from higher eukaryotes, implicating some sequence similarity with mammalian hexokinases. Under normal conditions, E. coli glucokinase plays a minor role in glucose metabolism. However, under anabolic stress conditions, this glycolytic enzyme may be required to supplement levels of glucose 6-phosphate. Alternatively, glucokinase, which is predicted in analogy to other hexose-utilizing kinases to have structural folds characteristic of hsp 70, may itself, or in combination with other E. coli proteins, function in the stabilization of newly synthesized proteins.
Adjectival agreement vs. adverbial inflection in Balanta

Abstract Adjectives modifying singular human nouns in the Ganja dialect of Balanta bear one of two prefixes: u- and a- . It is argued that these prefixes represent two different types of inflection, agreement ( u- ) and adverbial marking ( a- ). Alternative analyses based on stage-level vs. individual-level interpretations of adjectives and the individual-event distinction are shown to be insufficient. Finally, the set of adjectival agreement prefixes occurring in other Balanta dialects is considered, and a diachronic explanation based on Kurylowicz's laws of analogical change and Lass’ theory of linguistic exaptation is proposed [J Linguistics 26 (1990) 79–102].
Application of a recent solution of the Navier-Stokes equation to flow on the surface of a globe

Abstract We reduce an exact solution of the 3D Navier–Stokes equation (Muriel, 2011) [1] to two dimensions to model flow on the surface of a globe, producing the following results: (a) an analytic discovery of the time evolution of two streams, one each above and below the equator, (b) analytic speed-up of modeling bypassing iterative numerical simulation.
New techniques in structural NMR — anisotropic interactions

Structure determination of biomolecules by NMR has traditionally been based on nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs). Now there are additional sources of information that can complement NOEs in cases where positioning of remote parts of molecules is important, and where extension to larger and more complex systems is desired.
Herpes Zoster Incidence Among Insured Persons in the United States, 1993–2006: Evaluation of Impact of Varicella Vaccination

BACKGROUND herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus and is often associated with substantial pain and disability. Baseline incidence of HZ prior to introduction of HZ vaccine is not well described, and it is unclear whether introduction of the varicella vaccination program in 1995 has altered the epidemiology of HZ. We examined trends in the incidence of HZ and impact of varicella vaccination on HZ trends using a large medical claims database. METHODS medical claims data from the MarketScan databases were obtained for 1993-2006. We calculated HZ incidence using all persons with a first outpatient service associated with a 053.xx code (HZ ICD-9 code) as the numerator, and total MarketScan enrollment as the denominator; HZ incidence was stratified by age and sex. We used statewide varicella vaccination coverage in children aged 19-35 months to explore the impact of varicella vaccination on HZ incidence. RESULTS HZ incidence increased for the entire study period and for all age groups, with greater rates of increase 1993-1996 (P < .001). HZ rates were higher for females than males throughout the study period (P < .001) and for all age groups (P < .001). HZ incidence did not vary by state varicella vaccination coverage. CONCLUSIONS HZ incidence has been increasing from 1993-2006. We found no evidence to attribute the increase to the varicella vaccine program.
Isolation and characterization of enteric bacteria from the hindgut of Formosan termite

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is an aggressive, invasive termite species that has caused billions of dollars of damage across the United States for the past 50 years. Termites depend on intestinal microorganisms for cellulose digestion. Symbiotic microorganisms in the termite gut play key physiological functions such as cellulose and hemicellulose digestion, acetogenesis, hydrogenesis, methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, and nitrogen fixation. Additionally, intestinal microbes create suitable conditions for symbiotic protozoans through the production of nutrients and the maintenance of the pH and the anaerobic conditions in the gut. Although extensive research has been done on the symbiotic relationship of these termites and the microbes found in its gut, there is little information available on the role of facultative anaerobes in the gut. We isolated four enteric bacteria from the hindgut of Formosan subterranean termite, C. formosanus. All isolates were facultative anaerobes and G-. The isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter farmeri by using BIOLOG assay and fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME). Each isolate was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and biochemical study. This is the first report on the presence of facultative microbes in termite gut. Results of this first study on facultative microbes in the termite gut indicate that the role of facultative organisms in the Formosan termite gut may be to scavenge oxygen and create anaerobic conditions for the anaerobic microorganisms, which are essential for digestion of cellulose consumed by the termite.
Growth of mammalian cells in the absence of the accumulation of spermine

Abstract Mammalian spermine synthase activity was strongly inhibited by S-methyl-5′-methylthioadenosine. This nucleoside was readily taken up by SV-3T3 cells and blocked the synthesis of spermine by these cells. However, there was a corresponding increase in spermidine content and there was no effect on cell growth. These results indicate that S-methyl-5′-methylthioadenosine should be a useful compound to evaluate the role of spermine in mammalian cell physiology and that in at least one cell line the synthesis of spermine is not required for a normal growth rate.
Effect of impurities and microstructure of Cu electroplated film on reliability of Cu interconnects using CuAl alloy seed

In order to improve reliability of Cu interconnects, Cu-Al alloy seed have been applied. In this paper, the effects of impurities in electroplated Cu (ECP-Cu) film on Cu interconnects have been investigated in detail. It is revealed that high concentration of impurities in ECP-Cu films suppresses the diffusion of Al into ECP-Cu films and confines Al in Cu-Al seed layer. This effect improves via electro-migration (EM) reliability. On the other hand, an ECP-Cu film with high concentration of impurities leads to increase line resistance, due to its small grain size and the existence of impurities in grains. Hence, the control of the impurities in ECP-Cu film is a key issue for the integration of Cu interconnects.
Oxidized Fatty Acids: A Potential Pathogenic Link Between Fatty Liver and Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adolescents?

In this study, we sought to investigate the putative association of the oxidized metabolites derived from linoleic acid (OXFAs) with pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We studied 80 obese adolescents (age 13.3 ± 3.31 years; body mass index 33.0 ± 6.79 kg/m(2)), who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure the hepatic fat content, and the measurement of OXFAs and caspase-cleaved Citokeratin18 fragment (CK-18), a robust biomarker of liver injury. In this study, we show that only in subjects with hepatic steatosis, the OXFAs are associated with the CK-18 and that this association is modulated by the PNPLA3 rs738409 variant. We also show that most of the OXFAs are associated with a lower insulin secretion and that adolescents with T2D have higher levels of OXFAs than subjects with impaired or normal glucose tolerance. These observations lead to the hypothesis that the OXFAs may be the pathogenic link between liver injury and T2D and that the novel therapeutic opportunities targeting the OXFAs are possible in adolescents with early-onset NAFLD and T2D.
Merry Christmas!: Celebrating America’s Greatest Holiday

It wouldn't be Christmas without the "things." How they came to mean so much, and to play such a prominent role in America's central holiday, is the tale told in this delightful book. Merry Christmas! offers captivating evidence that Christmas in America is primarily a secular celebration of abundance, goodwill, and familial identity, expressed in a multitude of material ways.