cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BIOMECHANICS OF FLIGHTLESSNESS IN PENGUINS

![][1] For anyone who has sat through March of the Penguins, a documentary film following the arduous journey that Emperor penguins make between the ocean and their ancestral breeding ground, and wondered, ‘Why can't penguins just make life easier for themselves and fly?’, a
Anatomy of the Female Gentleman

In female-authored British mystery novels of the interwar period, a common picture emerges of a particular idealized female whose traits are derived from those of the nineteenth-century gentleman. Superficially, the Female Gentleman of the 1920s and 1930s closely resembles the New Woman in terms of lifestyle. Female Gentlemen are very likely to dress, talk, and act like their brothers. They are often ‘hard-mouthed, cigarette-smoking females’, as one hostile young man describes them in Dorothy Sayers’ 1928 The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club.1 Cigarette smoking was perhaps not a distinctive trait by the modern period, and indeed characters of either sex who do not smoke are more unusual in these novels than ones who do. But the Female Gentlemen also tend to speak and even dress like men. They use previously unladylike slang and profanity — Miss Meteyard of Sayers’ Murder Must Advertise (1933) is introduced as a Somerville graduate who can make ‘the vulgarest limericks ever recited within these chaste walls’, while Dulcie Duveen of Christie’s The Murder on the Links (1923) begins the novel by looking out a train window ‘with the brief and forcible ejaculation “Hell!”’2 They employ what the narrator of Georgette Heyer’s Death in the Stocks (1935) refers to as ‘paralysing frankness’.3
Consumer preferences for banking technologies by age groups

Purpose – The prevailing mindset is that younger people value and more readily adopt technology. The purpose of this paper is to determine if this is true with respect to banking practices. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted to evaluate the importance of mobile, online, and physical-based banking across multiple age groups. Factor analysis and analysis of covariance were used to evaluate the responses. Findings – The results show that older consumers see more value in traditional, physical-based banking, all ages are equally interested in currently emerging technologies (online), and younger users are more interested in the newest technologies. Research limitations/implications – The stereotype of technology-adverse elderly may be too limiting. Age influences are not absolute barriers enacted by time, but are potentially learned behaviors. Practical implications – Practitioners interested in introducing new technologies to the elderly might consider making their innovations more compatib...
Tolerance of non-platinum group metals cathodes proton exchange membrane fuel cells to air contaminants

Abstract The effects of major airborne contaminants (SO2, NO2 and CO) on the spatial performance of Fe/N/C cathode membrane electrode assemblies were studied using a segmented cell system. The injection of 2–10 ppm SO2 in air stream did not cause any performance decrease and redistribution of local currents due to the lack of stably adsorbed SO2 molecules on Fe-Nx sites, as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The introduction of 5–20 ppm of CO into the air stream also did not affect fuel cell performance. The exposure of Fe/N/C cathodes to 2 and 10 ppm NO2 resulted in performance losses of 30 and 70–75 mV, respectively. DFT results showed that the adsorption energies of NO2 and NO were greater than that of O2, which accounted for the observed voltage decrease and slight current redistribution. The cell performance partially recovered when the NO2 injection was stopped. The long-term operation of the fuel cells resulted in cell performance degradation. XPS analyses of Fe/N/C electrodes revealed that the performance decrease was due to catalyst degradation and ionomer oxidation. The latter was accelerated in the presence of air contaminants. The details of the spatial performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results are presented and discussed.
Gastric mucosal hydrophobicity and Helicobacter pylori: response to antimicrobial therapy.

The hydrophobic properties of the gastric mucosa are reduced by NSAIDs and by Helicobacter pylori infection. Our investigation was to determine whether this abnormality was due to the bacteria or to the inflammatory response. Contact angle measurements were made on gastric antral and corpus biopsies taken from 10 H. pylori-infected volunteers before eradication therapy, after 2 and 14 days of therapy, and 4 weeks after therapy. The contact angle improved steadily and statistically throughout the 2 weeks of therapy (for day 0, 3, 14, respectively) antral mucosa 54.2±2, 59.3±2, and 63.2±2; corpus mucosa 55±1, 57.8±3, and 66.6±1. After 2 days of therapy, E. pylori bacteria were no longer evident, and yet the contact angle continued to improve, suggesting that bacteria and bacterial products (e.g., lipases) may not be critical factors
Challenges in assessing substance use patterns in persons with comorbid mental and addictive disorders.

Assessment of substance use patterns can be distinguished from two related assessment goals. These consist of screening (i.e., identifying persons with addiction problems) and diagnosis (i.e., determining whether abuse or dependence criteria are met). All three goals are important and relevant to persons with comorbid disorders. Nonetheless, this chapter focuses on substance use assessment for three reasons. One, it is the least studied assessment goal in the comorbidity literature; very few published studies address this topic. Two, substance use assessment is applicable to all persons in treatment for mental disorders. Use of illicit drugs or alcohol is more common than abuse, and information about use patterns may be desired to determine risk for medication-drug interactions and other health concerns. Finally, substance use assessment should play a central role in the treatment of comorbid disorders. It serves as the basis for treatment planning and as a point of departure for outcome assessment. It also constitutes the first step in conducting a functional analysis of drinking and/or drug use for an individual (Sobell et al. 1988). Quantifying patterns of substance use allows for determination of increased versus decreased use, an outcome measure consistent with harm reduction approaches to treatment of substance misuse in the context of major mental disorders (Carey, in press).
Observation of quasi-bound near-dissociation energy levels in the B 1 II u -state of Na 2 by modulated gain spectroscopy

The population of highly vibrationally excited molecular energy levels, which are not directly Franck-Condon accessible from thermally populated levels of the electronic ground state, is achieved by setting up a triple resonance excitation scheme using modulated gain spectroscopy1: A cw optically pumped molecular laser prepares a steady-state population in a selected vibronically highly excited ro-vibronic level of the electronic ground state. Excitation to the desired near-dissociation energy levels of the excited electronic state under study is finally achieved with a probe laser and detected by monitoring the change in the output of the molecular laser when the probe laser is tuned into resonance.
Cryptic variation, molecular data, and the challenge of conserving plant diversity in oceanic archipelagos: the critical role of plant systematics

Plant species on oceanic islands comprise nearly 25% of described vascular plants on only 5% of the Earth`s land surface yet are among the most rare and endangered plants. Conservation of plant biodiversity on islands poses particular challenges because many species occur in a few and/or small populations, and their habitats on islands are often disturbed by the activity of humans or by natural processes such as landslides and volcanoes. In addition to described species, evidence is accumulating that there are likely significant numbers of "cryptic" species in oceanic archipelagos. Plant systematists, in collaboration with others in the botanical disciplines, are critical to the discovery of the subtle diversity in oceanic island floras. Molecular data will play an ever increasing role in revealing variation in island lineages. However, the input from plant systematists and other organismal biologists will continue to be important in calling attention to morphological and ecological variation in natural populations and in the discovery of "new" populations that can inform sampling for molecular analyses. Conversely, organismal biologists can provide basic information necessary for understanding the biology of the molecular variants, including diagnostic morphological characters, reproductive biology, habitat, etc. Such basic information is important when describing new species and arguing for their protection. Hybridization presents one of the most challenging problems in the conservation of insular plant diversity, with the process having the potential to decrease diversity in several ways including the merging of species into hybrid swarms or conversely hybridization may generate stable novel recombinants that merit recognition as new species. These processes are often operative in recent radiations in which intrinsic barriers to gene flow have not evolved. The knowledge and continued monitoring of plant populations in the dynamic landscapes on oceanic islands are critical to the preservation of their plant diversity.
Real-Time Multidetector Neutron Spectrometer

We explain a new approach to constructing a real-time neutron spectrometer, using several detectors with different spectral characteristics and coprocessing the data using a pre-trained neural network. We present the results of simulation and experimental studies on a prototype, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach.
The role of surface chemistry in the cytotoxicity profile of graphene.

Graphene and its derivative, because of their unique physical, electrical and chemical properties, are an important class of nanomaterials being proposed as foundational materials in nanomedicine as well as for a variety of industrial applications. A major limitation for graphene, when used in biomedical applications, is its poor solubility due to its rather hydrophobic nature. Therefore, chemical functionalities are commonly introduced to alter both its surface chemistry and biochemical activity. Here, we show that surface chemistry plays a major role in the toxicological profile of the graphene structures. To demonstrate this, we chemically increased the oxidation level of the pristine graphene and compared the corresponding toxicological effects along with those for the graphene oxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that pristine graphene had the lowest amount of surface oxygen, while graphene oxide had the highest at 2.5% and 31%, respectively. Low and high oxygen functionalized graphene samples were found to have 6.6% and 24% surface oxygen, respectively. Our results showed a dose-dependent trend in the cytotoxicity profile, where pristine graphene was the most cytotoxic, with decreasing toxicity observed with increasing oxygen content. Increased surface oxygen also played a role in nanomaterial dispersion in water or cell culture medium over longer periods. It is likely that higher dispersity might result in graphene entering into cells as individual flakes ~1 nm thick rather than as more cytotoxic aggregates. In conclusion, changes in graphene's surface chemistry resulted in altered solubility and toxicity, suggesting that a generalized toxicity profile would be rather misleading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Profile of Nursing Home Residents Admitted Directly From Home

Abstract Objective Advance knowledge about the characteristics of nursing home residents admitted directly from home. Methods The Minimum Data Set (MDS) for all free-standing, certified nursing homes in the United States from July 2007 to July 2008 was used to construct episodes of care. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to examine admission profiles for all older adults aged 65 years and older who were newly admitted to the nursing home from home as indicated on their initial admission assessment. Admission characteristics were examined by discharge disposition at 90 days to illicit similarities and differences between the groups. Results An average of 5.3% of all newly admitted nursing home residents were admitted directly from home with substantial state variations (2.8% in Florida to 17% in Iowa). Overall, 52.68% of these residents had limited to extensive activities of daily living dependency and moderate cognitive impairment. The most common diagnoses included dementia and diabetes. While 65% of residents admitted from home converted to long stay, 20% were discharged to the community, 9% died, and 6% were discharged to the hospital within 90 days of admission, but there was a large variability of these percentages among states. Conclusions Findings suggest that the percentage of residents admitted directly from home and their discharge disposition had substantial variations at the state level. Better understanding of the reasons for admission to the nursing home and long-term outcomes is needed to anticipate and plan for care to address unmet care needs and promote aging-in-place.
Ribosome Assembly in Trypanosomatids: A Novel Therapeutic Target.

In Liu et al., the authors present a 2.5-A structure of the Trypanosoma cruzi 60S ribosomal subunit and propose a model for the stepwise assembly of the large-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Based on this study, we discuss how the unique features of trypanosomatid ribosome assembly offer potential drug targets.
Mathematics in Thinking About Sociology

This special issue was developed in the spirit of Sociological Forum's recent mission of reexamining current issues in the discipline. The issue is not about "mathematical sociology" and it is certainly not about "statistics," but it is about how sociologists may benefit from using mathematics as a tool for sociological thinking. Any attempt to describe, illustrate, or represent the full range of mathematical applications in sociology would be both daunting and largely uninteresting to most sociologists. This is not the present task. Rather, in an effort to reach out to sociologists who generally do not see themselves as "mathematical," the present purpose is to present a variety of somewhat novel perspectives on how it could be valuable for sociologists to include more mathematics into their own thinking. Mathematical approaches are most effective when they can be routinely included in the repertoire of tools that sociologists bring to bear on our theoretical and practical problems. The relevant audience includes sociologists and others who are skeptical of mathematics for itself but who appreciate whatever mathematics can do to help our collective understandings of sociology. The papers in this issue are presented in this spirit, with the hope of continuing to stimulate and challenge sociologists to do ever better sociology and to take advantage of the tools of mathematics in these efforts.
The Holy Spirit and the Psalms

This article examines the connections between the Holy Spirit and the book of Psalms in terms of the Holy Spirit with , behind , and in the Psalms. The Spirit with the Psalms explores the Spirit’s work as the Psalms are utilized in worship and prayer. The Holy Spirit behind the Psalms considers the role of the Spirit in the composition of the Psalms. The Holy Spirit in the Psalms speaks to the way the Psalms themselves talk about the Holy Spirit. The article concludes with a concise description of the Spirit’s work in the Old Testament.
Helping Keep the Costs of Textbooks for Students Down: Two Approaches

Librarians at East Carolina University and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro received a 2-year grant to support a combined alternative textbook project. This project engages in a two-p...
Comparison of Seed Transmission and Survival of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans in Common Bean Seeds

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Smith) Vauterin (Xap) and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans Schaad et al. (Xff) cause indistinguishable symptoms known as common bacterial blight of bean (Phas...
Maternal Trauma Exposure and Childhood Anxiety Outcomes: Examining Psychosocial Mechanisms of Risk

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal exposure to various types of trauma and child anxiety outcomes, and to investigate maternal depression and parenting quality as potential mediators of these relationships. Aims were examined within a sample of 185 mother-child dyads who participated in a longitudinal study assessing maternal trauma history, maternal depression, and parenting quality at preschool age (ages 2.5 to 5.5 years), and for whom maternal and secondary caregiver reports of child anxiety were obtained at school age (ages 6 to 11 years). Hypotheses were that (1) maternal exposure to trauma would be positively associated with anxiety levels in offspring and that (2) parenting quality and maternal depression would mediate the relationship between maternal exposure to trauma and child anxiety. Results suggest a direct association between maternal trauma history and child anxiety, as well as indirect associations through parenting quality and maternal depression. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for the prevention of child anxiety, as well as their implications for the advancement of the literature on intergenerational effects of trauma.
Overexpression of Notch-1 induced tamoxifen resistance through down regulation of ESR1 in positive estrogen receptor breast cancer.

e11046 Background: Tamoxifen is one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer, and acquired resistance to tamoxifen during treatment are largely unknown and recent research showed that lower levels of ESR1 associated with tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast tumors, from other hand highly expression of Notch-1 and/or Jagged-1 has negative prognostic significance in breast cancer, in this study we show the cross-talk between Notch and the lower levels of ESR1 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective study with clinico-pathological analysis of 195 patients had ER-positive breast cancer used tamoxifen as an adjuvant systemic therapy, gene expression profiling of paraffin-embedded tumors for ESR1, Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect Notch-1/Jagged-1. Results: From 195 patients 32% had tamoxifen resistance which related with lower levels of ESR1 expression (P=0.019) and there was, a highly significant ...
Fatal intoxication with N-ethylpentylone: a case report.

Synthetic cathinones represent the latest genre of new drugs of abuse, which are increasing in popularity in part because they are readily available and because they are not detected by routine dru...
Leveraging a LiveNirtual/Constructive Testbed for the Evaluation of Moving Target Defenses

Adversary sophistication in the cyber domain is a constantly growing threat. As more systems become accessible from the Internet, the risk of breach, exploitation, and malice grows. To thwart reconnaissance and exploitation, Moving Target Defense (MTD) has been researched and deployed in various systems to modify the threat surface of a system. Tools are necessary to analyze the security, reliability, and resilience of their information systems against cyber-attack and measure the effectiveness of the MTD technologies. Today's security analyses utilize (1) real systems such as computers, network routers, and other network equipment; (2) computer emulations (e.g., virtual machines); and (3) simulation models separately. In this paper, we describe the progress made in developing and utilizing hybrid Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) environments for the evaluation of a set of MTD technologies. The LVC methodology has been most rooted in the Modeling & Simulation (MS) work of the Department of Defense. With the recent advances in virtualization and software-defined networking, Sandia has taken the blueprint for LVC and extended it by crafting hybrid environments of simulation, emulation, and human-in-the-loop. Furthermore, we discuss the empirical analysis of MTD technologies and approaches with LVC-based experimentation, incorporating aspects that may impact an operational deployment of the MTD under evaluation.
CommPact: Evaluating the Feasibility of Autonomous Vehicle Contracts

In Autonomous Vehicle (AV) platooning, vehicles queue up with minimal following distances for improved traffic density and fuel economy. If one vehicle is compromised and suddenly brakes, these AVs will most likely be unable to prevent a collision. In this work, we propose a proactive approach to platooning security: Autonomous Vehicle contracts, in which AVs are architected to use secure enclaves to enforce agreed-upon driving rules, such as a restriction not to brake harder than a certain threshold while the contract is in effect. We explore whether AV contracts will be feasible in worst-case emergency situations while simultaneously under attack, when it is imperative to return full autonomy to AVs as soon as possible. Through our prototype contract implementation using Intel SGX enclaves, including measurement from real-world testing of wireless On-Board Units (OBUs), we show that AV contracts can be quickly and safely terminated in the event of an emergency while retaining a false positive rate of under 0.001% per 10 hours of use. We find that individual autonomy can be returned to the vehicles of an 8-vehicle platoon under contract within 1.5 seconds of an attack, including both detection and safe vehicle separation. Smaller platoons are even quicker. Consequently, automobile manufacturers may find the additional safety offered by AV contracts to provide a net benefit.
First impressions in the classroom: How do class characteristics affect student grades and majors?

Abstract Understanding how peers and instructors can impact students’ outcomes and choice of major after taking the first class in the field is important for promoting persistence in STEM fields. This paper uses data on first-year engineering students at a large, selective engineering school to investigate how peer gender, race, and ability, as well as instructor gender, can impact grades and persistence in engineering. Our findings indicate that gender diversity in the classroom improves all students’ propensity to continue in engineering, and an increase in underrepresented minorities improves grades for minority students. Peer ability also has a strong impact, with an increase in lower-ability students pulling down achievement and persistence in engineering of the bottom of the ability distribution, and an increase in high-ability students improving achievement for all. Finally, our results suggest students benefit from a more diverse ability grouping of their peers in the classroom. We find some evidence that male students are more sensitive to peer ability than are female students.
Multilevel Analysis of Socio-Demographic Disparities in Adulthood Obesity Across the United States Geographic Regions

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the socio-demographic disparities in obesity among US adults across 130 metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. Methods This study used data from the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Selected Metropolitan/Micropolitan Area Risk Trend of 159,827 US adults aged 18 years and older. Data were analyzed using the multilevel linear regression models. Results According to individual level analyses, socio-demographic disparities in obesity exist in the United States. Individuals with low socioeconomic status were associated with a higher body mass index. The participants from the Midwest United States tend to have higher body mass index than those who from the South. According to metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area level analyses, secondly, there were significant differences in obesity status between different areas and the relation of obesity with 5 socio-demographic factors varied across different areas. According to geospatial mapping analyses, even though obesity status by metropolitan and micropolitan statistical area level has improved overtime, differences in body mass index between United States regions are increasing from 2007 to 2015. Conclusion Socio-demographic and regional disparities in obesity status persist among US adults. Hence, these findings underscore the need to take socio-environmental factors into account when planning obesity prevention on vulnerable populations and areas.
Best Practices for Returning Research Findings to Participants: Methodological and Ethical Considerations for Communication Researchers

Many research studies have offered ethical guidelines for the recruiting of participants, solicitation of informed consent, and harvesting of data from communities and individuals. However, few gui...
Review – Cytokinin Response Factors: Responding to more than cytokinin

Cytokinin Response Factors (CRFs) are a family of transcription factors which make up a side branch of the classical cytokinin two-component signaling pathway. CRFs were originally identified and have been primarily studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, although orthologs have be found throughout all land plants. Research into the evolution of CRFs as sub-group members of the larger APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor (AP2/ERF) family has yielded interesting and useful insights related to the functional roles of CRFs in plants. Recent studies of CRFs suggest that these transcription factors are a lot more than just a group of cytokinin related genes and play important roles in both plant development and environmental stress response. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the roles of CRFs beyond cytokinin, in reproductive development and abiotic stress response, as well as to other environmental cues.
Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE Based on the recognition that food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor health across the life course, many US health systems are actively exploring ways to help patients access food resources. This review synthesizes findings from studies examining the effects of health care–based interventions designed to reduce FI. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published from January 2000 through September 2018 that described health care– based FI interventions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated and pooled when appropriate. Study quality was rated using Grading Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation criteria. RESULTS Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria and examined a range of FI interventions and outcomes. Based on study design and sample size, 74% were rated low or very low quality. Studies of referral-based interventions reported moderate increases in patient food program referrals (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.36-0.98; SMD = 1.42, 95% CI, 0.76-2.08) and resource use (pooled SMD = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.31-0.78). Studies describing interventions providing food or vouchers reported mixed results for the actual change in fruit/vegetable intake, averaging to no impact when pooled (–0.03, 95% CI, –0.66 to 0.61). Few studies evaluated health or utilization outcomes; these generally reported small but positive effects. CONCLUSIONS Although a growing base of literature explores health care–based FI interventions, the low number and low quality of studies limit inferences about their effectiveness. More rigorous evaluation of FI interventions that includes health and utilization outcomes is needed to better understand roles for the health care sector in addressing FI.
Transfer learning from simulations improves the classification of OCT images of glandular epithelia

Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a rare but lethal cancer with rising incidence in several global hotspots including the United States. The five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with advanced disease can be as low as 5% in EAC, making early detection and preventive intervention crucial. The current standard of care for EAC targets patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE), the main precursor to EAC and a relatively common condition in adults with chronic acid reflux disease. Preventive care for EAC requires repeated surveillance endoscopies of BE patients with biopsy sampling, and can be intrusive, error-prone, and costly. The integration of minimally-invasive subsurface tissue imaging in the current standard of care can reduce the need for exhaustive tissue sampling and improve the quality of life in BE patients. Effective adoption of subsurface imaging in EAC care can be facilitated by computer-aided detection (CAD) systems based on deep learning. Despite their recent successes in lung and breast cancer imaging, the development of deep neural networks for rare conditions like EAC remains challenging due to data scarcity, heavy bias in existing datasets toward non-cases, and uncertainty in image labels. Here we explore the use of synthetic datasets–specifically data derived from simulations of optical back-scattering during imaging– in the development of CAD systems based on deep learning. As a proof of concept, we studied the binary classification of esophageal OCT into normal squamous and glandular mucosae, typical of BE. We found that deep convolutional networks trained on synthetic data had improved performance over models trained on clinical datasets with uncertain labels. Model performance also improved with dataset size during training on synthetic data. Our findings demonstrate the utility of transfer from simulations to real data in the context of medical imaging, especially in the severely data-poor regime and when significant uncertainty in labels are present, and motivate further development of transfer learning from simulations to aid the development of CAD for rare malignancies.
Trade Facilitation in Services: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

Beyond their key contribution to value chains in all sectors, services represent a centrally important source of economic and export diversification. This paper discusses how to promote trade in services as a channel for growth, employment, and diversification by assessing services trade costs and identifying policies that contribute to their reduction: a concept termed trade facilitation in services. It summarizes the latest research on the costs facing trade in services beyond discriminatory market access and national treatment and finds that these are high. It proposes measures that could fall under the scope of a potential trade facilitation in services agenda, namely: (i) streamlining processes and procedures used in administering regulatory policies aside from the policy itself, (ii) improving access to information on regulatory policies (that is, transparency), and (iii) boosting the efficiency of governance structures for regulators that set policies affecting trade in services.
Air separation via a two-step solar thermochemical cycle based on (Ba,La)xSr1-xFeO3-δ: Thermodynamic analysis

Abstract A two-step solar thermochemical cycle was considered for air separation to produce N2 based on (Ba,La)xSr1-xFeO3-δ perovskite reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions for A-site fractions of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. The cycle steps encompassed (1) thermal reduction and O2 release via concentrated solar input and (2) re-oxidation with air to uptake O2 and produce high-purity N2. Thermogravimetry at temperatures between 400 and 1100 °C in atmospheres of 0.005 to 90% O2/Ar at 1 bar was performed to measure equilibrium nonstoichiometries. The compound energy formalism was applied to model redox thermodynamics for both Ba2+ and La3+ substitution. Non-linear regression was used to determine the empirical parameters based on the thermogravimetric measurements. The model was used to define partial molar reaction enthalpies and entropies and predicted equilibrium oxygen nonstoichiometry as functions of oxide stoichiometry, site fraction, temperature, and O2 partial pressure. The thermodynamic analysis showed the materials are appealing for air separation at temperatures below 800 °C.
Themes and variations: A response to commentaries on Luck, et al. (2021)

The many commentaries on Luck [Luck, S. J., Gaspelin, N., Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Theeuwes, J. (2020). Progress toward resolving the attentional capture debate. Visual Cognition, 1–21] wer...
Innovation, Public Policy and Growth: What the Data Say

Innovation and technological progress are the key determinants of long-run economic growth and welfare. Therefore, an important question is, how can public policy encourage more innovation? In this chapter, I review some of the empirical findings from various recent studies on innovation and firm dynamics that can shed light on the design of innovation policy. The discussion in the chapter is divided into three categories: (i) firm studies, (ii) inventor studies, and (iii) idea (patent) studies.
Bibliometric Analysis on the Safety of Autonomous Vehicles with Artificial Intelligence

The objective of the study was to look at the trend and advancement of Artificial Intelligence, Transportation, and Safety research through bibliometric analysis. The review retrieved data in Web of Science using specific terms related to Artificial Intelligence, Transportation, and Safety. VOSViewer, CiteSpace, and MAXQDA were utilized to conduct the citation analysis and content analysis of the Web of Science data set and 8 selected documents including 6 research articles and 2 chapters from the textbook Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers. Articles from GoogleScholar using Harzing’s Publish or Perish software and Web of Science database were used. The citation analysis creating a co-occurrence map discovered several keywords within clusters that were suggested to be subtopics of the general topic. Performing content analysis using the 8 selected documents has shown the most occurring keywords to be similar to those discovered in the citation analysis. The articles utilized bibliometric analysis tools to have further insight on the contributing journals and keywords drawn from multiple sources and methods of Artificial Intelligence and Transportation research. Articles from the Citespace citation burst and VOSViewer co-citation analysis were used to further support the necessity of automation and safety in artificial intelligence and transportation.
Traditional and novel aspects of the metabolic actions of growth hormone

Growth hormone has been known to be diabetogenic for almost a century and it's diabetogenic properties fostered consideration of excessive and abnormal GH secretion as a cause of diabetes, as well as a role in the microvascular complications, especially retinopathy. However, besides inducing insulin resistance, GH also is lipolytic and a major anabolic hormone for nitrogen retention and protein synthesis. These actions are best illustrated at the extremes of GH secretion: Gigantism/acromegaly is characterized by excessive growth, CHO intolerance, hyperplasia of bone, little body fat and prominent muscle development, whereas total deficiency of GH secretion or action is associated with adiposity, poor growth, and poor muscle development. These actions also become apparent during puberty and pregnancy, times when GH secretion is increased and account for the characteristic changes in body composition and tendency to diabetes. More recently, tissue specific deletions of the GH receptor (GHR), have uncovered newer metabolic effects including it's essential role in triglyceride export from the liver when GHR is deleted in the liver, leading to hepatic steatosis and ultimately to hepatic adenoma formation, effects which may explain these findings in obesity, a state of diminished GH secretion and action. In addition deletion of GH action in muscle and fat is associated with specific patterns of disturbed phenotype and metabolic effects in CHO, fat, and protein metabolism affecting the specific tissue and whole body function. This chapter provides an overview of these classic and newer metabolic functions of GH, placing this hormone and its actions in a central role of body fuel economy in health and disease.
Hierarchical Capitalism in Latin America: Business, Labor, and the Challenges of Equitable Development

This book argues that Latin America has a distinctive, enduring form of hierarchical capitalism characterized by multinational corporations, diversified business groups, low skills and segmented labor markets. Over time, institutional complementarities knit features of corporate governance and labor markets together and thus contribute to institutional resiliency. Political systems generally favored elites and insiders who further reinforced existing institutions and complementarities. Hierarchical capitalism has not promoted rising productivity, good jobs or equitable development, and the efficacy of development strategies to promote these outcomes depends on tackling negative institutional complementarities. This book is intended to open a new debate on the nature of capitalism in Latin America and link that discussion to related research on comparative capitalism in other parts of the world.
The Social Functions of Antisocial Behavior: Considerations for School Violence Prevention Strategies for Students with Disabilities.

Research on school social dynamics suggests that antisocial behavior is often supported by peer group processes particularly during late childhood and adolescence. Building from a social interactio...
Evidence for the dominance of indirect effects in 50 trophic ecosystem networks

Abstract Indirect effects are powerful influences in ecosystems that may maintain species diversity and alter apparent relationships between species in surprising ways. Here, we applied network environ analysis to 50 empirically-based trophic ecosystem models to test the hypothesis that indirect flows dominate direct flows in ecosystem networks. Further, we used Monte Carlo based perturbations to investigate the robustness of these results to potential error in the underlying data. To explain our findings, we further investigated the importance of the microbial food web in recycling energy–matter using components of the Finn Cycling Index and analysis of environ centrality. We found that indirect flows dominate direct flows in 37/50 (74.0%) models. This increases to 31/35 (88.5%) models when we consider only models that have cycling structure and a representation of the microbial food web. The uncertainty analysis reveals that there is less error in the I / D values than the ±5% error introduced into the models, suggesting the results are robust to uncertainty. Our results show that the microbial food web mediates a substantial percentage of cycling in some systems (median = 30.2%), but its role is highly variable in these models, in agreement with the literature. Our results, combined with previous work, strongly suggest that indirect effects are dominant components of activity in ecosystems.
Antigenicity of ovarian and cervical malignancies with a view toward possible immunodiagnosis.

Abstract The objective of this study was the production of tumor-associated (specific) antibodies to papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and isolation of the corresponding specific antigenic components in tumor tissue. Antibodies that did not cross-react with a variety of other normal and malignant tissues were produced in rabbits. Following Sephadex gel filtration, the antigenic component (s) of the tumor homogenates were localized in a high molecular weight fraction. The antibodies produced and isolated antigenic components have been used to detect circulating antigens and/or antibodies in patient sera for early immunodiagnosis of malignancy.
Growth of ZnTe and ZnSexTe1-x epilayers and superlattices on GaSb

We present photoluminescence (PL) from Te-rich ZnSeTei_ alloys and ZnSeTei_/ZnTe superlattices and discuss the growth of these materials on GaSb epilayers on GaSb substrates. We show that growing ZnTe on GaSb substrates eliminates several bound exciton peaks which occur in ZnTe grown on GaAs. The ZnSeTei_ epilayers show bright luminescence from centers over 100 meV below the expected band edge. PL from ZnSeTe1_ alloys and superlattices is qualitatively very different from PL from CdZni.Te alloys and CdZniTe/ZnTe superlattices .
Antagonism of heroin and morphine self-administration in rats by the morphine-6β-glucuronide antagonist 3-O-methylnaltrexone

In mice, 3-O-methylnaltrexone blocks the analgesic actions of morphine-6β-glucuronide and heroin at doses which are inactive against morphine. We found a similar selectivity in rats. 3-O-Methylnaltrexone antagonized the analgesic actions of 6-acetylmorphine in Sprague–Dawley rats and heroin in Wistar rats at doses that were inactive against morphine. Inclusion of a fixed dose of 3-O-methylnaltrexone significantly shifted the analgesic dose–response curves for 6-acetylmorphine and heroin without altering the morphine dose–response curves. In a self-administration model, 3-O-methylnaltrexone treatment significantly increased both heroin and morphine intake during the first hour, suggestive of an antagonist effect. This effect at doses of 3-O-methylnaltrexone which were inactive against morphine analgesia implied a role for the morphine-6β-glucuronide opioid receptor in the reinforcing properties of heroin and morphine.
Differential serotonergic mediation of aggression in roosters bred for resistance and susceptibility to Marek's disease.

Abstract1. Serotonin (5-HT) is a primary regulating neurotransmitter involved in aggressive and impulsive behaviours in mammals. Previous studies have also demonstrated that the function of the serotonergic system in regulating aggression is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. The serotonergic system may display similar functions in chickens.2. Our objective was to investigate the aggressive and impulsive behavioural response to antagonism of the 5-HT1A and 1B receptors in cocks bred for susceptibility and resistance to Marek’s disease (i.e. strain 72 and 63, respectively).3. Cocks from strain 72 exhibited increased aggressive behaviours and lower brain 5-HT concentrations compared to strain 63 cocks.4. Antagonism of 5-HT1A receptors increased aggressiveness and reduced serotonin turnover in strain 72, but not strain 63 cocks. 5-HT1B receptor antagonism had no effect on aggression or serotonin turnover in either strain.5. Levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA, but not absolute central ...
Polyclonal antibody generation in rabbit by administration of an organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) from squid.

Abstract When a nerve gas hydrolyzing enzyme [organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA), formerly DFPase] purified from squid hepatopancreas was injected into rabbits, the resulting sera (RAS) inhibited OPAA purified from either squid hepatopancreas or squid optic ganglia. The inhibition was non-competitive, with 50% inhibition at a 1:1,000 serum dilution, and with the limit of inhibition (in effect, a “titer”) at approximately 1:10,000. This RAS did not inhibit the distinctly different OPAAs from a mammalian and two bacterial sources. The hepatopancreas-generated RAS also reacted positively to the appropriate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at a titer of 1:100,000. In marked contrast, when OPAA purified from squid optic ganglion was injected into rabbits, the resulting sera did not inhibit squid OPAA, and did not give a positive ELISA. Control sera taken from the same rabbits prior to any injection (RS) did not inhibit the OPAAs. These results show another major difference between squid type OPAAs and the OPAAs from other sources, sometimes termed “Mazur type” OPAAs.
Comparative genomics and transcriptomics in ants provide new insights into the evolution and function of odorant binding and chemosensory proteins

The complex societies of ants and other social insects rely on sophisticated chemical communication. Two families of small soluble proteins, the odorant binding and chemosensory proteins (OBPs and CSPs), are believed to be important in insect chemosensation. To better understand the role of these proteins in ant olfaction, we examined their evolution and expression across the ants using phylogenetics and sex- and tissue-specific RNA-seq. We find that subsets of both OBPs and CSPs are expressed in the antennae, contradicting the previous hypothesis that CSPs have replaced OBPs in ant olfaction. Both protein families have several highly conserved clades with a single ortholog in all eusocial hymenopterans, as well as clades with more dynamic evolution and many taxon-specific radiations. The dynamically evolving OBPs and CSPs have been hypothesized to function in chemical communication. Intriguingly, we find that seven members of the conserved clades are expressed specifically in the antennae of the clonal raider ant Cerapachys biroi, whereas only one dynamically evolving CSP is antenna specific. The orthologs of the conserved, antenna-specific C. biroi genes are also expressed in antennae of the ants Camponotus floridanus and Harpegnathos saltator, indicating that antenna-specific expression of these OBPs and CSPs is conserved across ants. Most members of the dynamically evolving clades in both protein families are expressed primarily in non-chemosensory tissues and thus likely do not fulfill chemosensory functions. Our results identify candidate OBPs and CSPs that are likely involved in conserved aspects of ant olfaction, and suggest that OBPs and CSPs may not rapidly evolve to recognize species-specific signals.
Update to Risk-Informed Pressurized Water Reactor Vessel 10 to 20 Year Inspection Interval Extension

The Pressurized Water Reactor Owners Group (formerly the Westinghouse Owners Group (WOG)) methodology for extending the inservice inspection interval for welds in pressurized water reactor (PWR) reactor pressure vessel (RPV) was introduced as ICONE12-49429. The paper presented a risk informed basis for extending the interval between inspections from the current interval of 10 years to 20 years. In the paper presented at ICONE-12, results of pilot studies on typical Westinghouse and Combustion Engineering Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) designs of PWR vessels showed that the change in risk associated with the proposed inspection interval extension was within the guidelines specified in the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide 1.174 for an acceptably small change in risk. Since the methodology was originally presented, the evaluation has been updated to incorporate the latest changes in the NRC Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) Risk Reevaluation Program and expanded to include the Babcock and Wilcox NSSS RPV design. The results of these evaluations demonstrate that the proposed RPV inspection interval extension remains a viable option for the industry. The updates to the methodology and input, pilot plant evaluations, results, process for demonstrating applicability of the pilot plant analysis to non-pilot lead plants and lessons learned from the evaluations performed are summarized in this paper.Copyright © 2006 by ASME