cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protestant work-ethic dimensions and work orientations

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that the Protestant work ethic (PWE) may be a multifaceted construct. This study explored the connections between four PWE components and three multidimensional work variables: time structure and purpose, work locus of control, and Type A behavior. A sample of 267 mostly employed American graduate students completed self-report surveys. Results suggested, in general, that only the PWE Hard Work facet correlated with structured and purposive time, and with internal work locus of control. Achievement oriented Type A behavior was associated with three PWE dimensions. The results of this investigation may provide renewed enthusiasm for the potential relevance of the PWE in studies of work attitudes, orientations, and behaviors by underscoring the importance of examining PWE components in these contexts. A somewhat altered portrait of work ethic believers also emerged here. Negative and disparaging views of others who may lack a strong work ethic may be as endemic to the PWE as are beliefs that hard work pays off. The results also have implications for the conceptualization and measurement of both time structure and purpose, and work locus of control.
A Theoretical Study of the Evolution of Mixed-Phase Cumulus Clouds

Abstract A detailed warm and cold cloud microphysical description has been incorporated into a one-dimensional time-dependent, Eulerian cumulus cloud model. The relationship of the ice phase to the development of precipitation, and interactions between cloud microphysical processes and cloud dynamics, have been examined. Ice crystals in the form of plates, columns and dendrites have been allowed to interact among themselves and with water droplets to produce graupel, unrimed and rimed ice crystals and snowflakes. The effects of possible ice multiplication have been investigated by allowing ice splinters to be produced during riming and during the freezing of isolated drops. Comparative studies with shallow, nonprecipitating maritime and continental cumulus clouds showed the importance of the drop size distribution in determining the dominant mechanism for forming graupel embryos. In the maritime cloud, graupel embryos originated on frozen drops produced after collisions with ice crystals. In the continent...
Follow-up of a major linkage peak on chromosome 1 reveals suggestive QTLs associated with essential hypertension: GenNet study

In summary, we show that systematic follow-up of a linkage signal can help discover candidate variants for essential hypertension that require a follow-up in yet larger samples. The failure to identify common variants is either because of low statistical power or the existence of rare coding variants in specific families or both, which require additional studies to clarify.
Applications of Developmental Epidemiological Data Linkage Methodology to Examine Early Risk for Childhood Disability

Abstract A fundamental problem in providing mandated early intervention services for young children at risk for disabilities is defining, identifying, and prioritizing at-risk children. Research studies using various methodologies, including longitudinal, have been employed to resolve such issues. While these studies have provided important findings, major and costly disadvantages impact their utility. A research design is needed to overcome these limitations and substantiate a method of effective early identification of children at risk for later disability. Developmental epidemiology is proposed as one such method beneficial within the field of developmental psychology. To this end, we review and discuss definitions of risk, methods for predicting risk, and the use of developmental epidemiological methods.
A pooling procedure for life-test data

A preliminary-test shrinkage estimator for the scale parameter in pooling data from extreme-value distributions is proposed. The optimum values of shrinkage coefficients for the preliminary-test shrinkage estimator are obtained based on a regret function. The optimum values of shrinkage coefficients and the critical values for the preliminary test are tabulated for several sample sizes. For a mean square error criterion of goodness of estimation, the preliminary-test shrinkage estimator is preferable to the usual preliminary-test estimator. >
Characteristics of rat downregulated in adenoma (rDRA) expressed in HEK 293 cells

Studies with apical membrane vesicles have shown that two distinct and separate anion exchange processes are present in rat distal colon, 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS)-sensitive \( {\text{Cl}}^{ - } - {\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3} \) exchange, and DIDS-resistant Cl−–OH− exchange. These studies proposed that anion exchanger (AE)-1 isoform encodes the former as both apical membrane DIDS-sensitive \( {\text{Cl}}^{ - } - {\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3} \) exchange, and AE1 specific mRNA are present only in surface cells and are downregulated in Na-depleted rats, whereas downregulated in adenoma (DRA) encodes the latter as both DIDS-resistant Cl−–OH− exchange, and DRA-specific proteins are present in apical membranes of both surface and crypt cells and are not altered in Na+-depleted rats. Studies were, therefore, initiated to identify the function of rat DRA (rDRA) in vitro. rDRA cDNA isolated from rat distal colon encodes a 757-amino-acid protein which has 96 and 81% homology with mDRA and hDRA, respectively. rDRA-specific mRNA expression was detectable only in specific segments of the digestive tract (duodenum, ileum, cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon) but not in the stomach, jejunum, or in the kidney, brain, heart, and lung. HEK 293 cells stably transfected with rDRA exhibited DIDS-insensitive and intracellular acid pH (pHi 6.5)-sensitive Cl uptake that: (1) was significantly stimulated by outward Cl−, \( {\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3} \), isobutyrate, and possibly OH− gradients; (2) was saturated as a function of increasing extracellular Cl concentrations with an apparent Km for Cl of 2.9 ± 0.3 mM; and (3) was inhibited competitively by extracellular oxalate but not by \( {\text{SO}}^{{2 - }}_{4} \). A high rate of DIDS-insensitive Cl influx at pH 6.5 was also present under physiological Cl− concentration. Our observations that rDRA mediates DIDS-insensitive, acid pH-dependent Cl− uptake are consistent with prior observations that rDRA does not mediate DIDS-sensitive \( {\text{Cl}}^{{\text{ - }}} - {\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3} \) exchange in rat distal colon. We speculate that, in addition to mediating pH-sensitive Cl− uptake, rDRA may function as a modifier of other anion transport proteins.
Effects of CO2Pneumoperitoneum in Pregnant Ewes

Laparoscopy has been considered a relative contraindication in pregnant patients because the CO2 pneumoperitoneum may cause maternal and/or fetal hypotension, acidosis, hypercarbia, hypoxia, changes in cardiac output, or uterine artery blood flow. These potential changes were studied in an established animal pregnancy model. Twelve gravid ewes (116-120 days gestation) underwent catheterization of maternal femoral artery and vein, fetal hindlimb artery and vein, insertion of a uterine artery flow probe, and pulmonary artery catheter. Six animals underwent creation of a CO2 pneumoperitoneum (10 mm Hg for 30 min; 15 mm Hg for 30 min). Six control animals were studied without a pneumoperitoneum. The following parameters were recorded at baseline and at preset time points: cardiac output (CO), uterine blood flow (UtBF), amniotic cavity pressure (ACP), end-tidal CO, (Et CO2), maternal and fetal heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and lactate, glucose, and arterial blood gasses. Percent change at each time point compared to baseline was determined for each variable. Statistical significance was determined by repeated measures analysis of variance. No changes were found between study and control animals in maternal BP; CO; lactate, glucose, oxygenation, or fetal HR; oxygenation, lactate, or glucose. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between study and control animals were noted in ACP, Et CO2, MHR, UtBF, FBP, and Maternal/fetal pH, PCO2. All ewes delivered healthy lambs at full gestation. A CO2 pneumoperitoneum up to 15 mm Hg pressure in gravid ewes causes increased intrauterine pressure, decreased UtBF, and induces maternal and fetal acidosis. Despite these intraoperative deleterious effects, long-term fetal well being was not effected.
The economics of education in developing countries: An assessment of the state of the art

Abstract This paper assesses the present state of the art of the economics of education in developing countries in the context of the papers in this special issue. These papers help fill analytical gaps in the field by addressing the frequently overlooked roles of organization and incentives in shaping more efficient and equitable educational outcomes. Additional work needs to be done to broaden the field's analytical framework if economists are to have more influence in favor of such outcomes. High on the list is to include within the field's analytical framework the behavioral relationships that shape decisions whether to implement more efficient or equitable policies.
Assembly and Validation of Versatile Transcription Activator-Like Effector Libraries

The ability to perturb individual genes in genome-wide experiments has been instrumental in unraveling cellular and disease properties. Here we introduce, describe the assembly, and demonstrate the use of comprehensive and versatile transcription activator-like effector (TALE) libraries. As a proof of principle, we built an 11-mer library that covers all possible combinations of the nucleotides that determine the TALE-DNA binding specificity. We demonstrate the versatility of the methodology by constructing a constraint library, customized to bind to a known p53 motif. To verify the functionality in assays, we applied the 11-mer library in yeast-one-hybrid screens to discover TALEs that activate human SCN9A and miR-34b respectively. Additionally, we performed a genome-wide screen using the complete 11-mer library to confirm known genes that confer cycloheximide resistance in yeast. Considering the highly modular nature of TALEs and the versatility and ease of constructing these libraries we envision broad implications for high-throughput genomic assays.
Analysis of adeno-associated satellite virus DNA.

Abstract Adeno-associated satellite viruses (ASV) cannot replicate unless host cells are coinfected with competent adenoviruses. During replication both satellite virus DNA and adenovirus DNA are produced and the system is difficult to dissect at the molecular level. We have studied a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 13) of human adenovirus Type 31, which at the non-permissive temperature (around 40 °C) in the absence of detectable synthesis of adenovirus DNA appears to be able to support satellite virus replication with production of intact virions. No adenovirus was detected by infectivity assay. In cells infected with the ts 13 mutant adenovirus alone and labelled with [ 3 H]thymidine shortly after infection, no adenovirus DNA was isolated. In cells coinfected with satellite virus Type 1 and the adenovirus mutant, satellite virus DNA was detected. This DNA was infectious as DNA in test systems using a simian adenovirus (SV 15) helper and immunofluorescence assay techniques. The DNA was a linear, 16-S species, approximately 1.5 μm in length, and double stranded under the extraction conditions used (high salt concentrations). No circular molecules were detected either by electron microscopy or by nitrocellulose chromatography. We do not feel that a circular species is involved in satellite virus replication.
Elimination of the lag period in chloroplast development in a chlorophyll mutant of peanuts.

The mutation of a nuclear gene in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) plants results in a reduced light-dependent development of chloroplast fine structure, soluble protein, ribulose-1, 5-diP carboxylase, NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, fructose-1, 6-diP aldolase, glycerate-3-P kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and dark respiration during the 72-hour lag period of chlorophyll synthesis in dark-grown leaves exposed to continuous light. The mutation has pleiotropic affects. Kinetic analysis shows there is also a 72-hour lag period in the light-dependent development of NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase and fructose-1, 6-diP aldolase in the mutant leaves, whereas there is no lag in the development of NAD-malate dehydrogenase and dark respiration. There is minimal development of the chloroplast during the 72-hour mutationally induced lag period, but there is pronounced cytoplasmic and mitochondrial activity during this phase. There is a 24-hour lag period in the light-dependent enlargement of the mutant leaves. At the completion of leaf enlargement, chloroplast differentiation is initiated. The mutation does not result in any chloroplast deletions, it only affects the timing of the synthesis of these components. Elimination of the lag period in leaf enlargement and chloroplast development (potentiation) requires a preliminary 72- to 96-hour dark period before exposing the dark-grown leaves to continuous light. There is extensive development of the etioplasts during this dark period. These results establish that the nuclear gene mutation affects the early stages of plastid development and not the light-dependent synthesis of plastid components. The nuclear gene may code for the regulation of the synthesis of a component (nutrient) in the dark (or during the lag phase in the light) which is essential for the development of mesophyll cells and plastids. Although, the chloroplast is a semi-autonomous organelle, nuclear gene control of chloroplast differentiation may not be independent of cellular growth.
Modeling decoherence in a driven two-level system using random matrix theory

Random matrix theory is used to model a two-level quantum system driven by a laser and coupled to a reservoir with N degrees of freedom in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. Decoherence is naturally included in this model. The effect of reservoir dimension and coupling strength between the system and reservoir is explored.
The Sound of the Little Bangs

Measurements of particles emitted from collisions of heavy ions at relativistic energies show evidence for temperature-fluctuations on the freeze-out surface of the expanding fireball. These can be understood as remnants of the density inhomogeneities in the initial collision overlap region. In this paper we present an analysis of heavy-ion collisions analogous to the analysis of the cosmic microwave background radiation. We use data on transverse momentum correlations to extract a power-spectrum from heavy-ion collisions and use a Glauber model for eccentricity to extract the transfer function needed to produce the observed correlations. We also discuss the acoustic signal, the sound that an observer inside the matter would hear.
Accumulation and recovery of irradiation damage in He+ implanted α-SiC

Abstract In situ RBS/Channeling (RBS/C) has been used to investigate damage accumulation and subsequent annealing behavior in single-crystal wafers of 6H-silicon carbide (α-SiC) irradiated at temperatures from 160 to 300 K with 390 keV He+ ions to fluences ranging from 7.5 × 1018 to 1.0 × 1020 He+/m2. Damage recovery in the irradiated crystals was studied by isochronal annealing at temperatures up to 1170 K. The RBS/C results show that complete amorphization in α-SiC does not occur at 190 K for irradiation fluences up to 1.0 × 1020 He+/m2 (0.38 dpa at the damage peak). For a fluence of 4.5 × 1019 He+/m2, the relative amount of damage accumulated during irradiation at 190 K is a factor of 5 larger than that accumulated under irradiation at 300 K, which suggests a higher rate of simultaneous point defect recombination at 300 K. In post-irradiation isochronal annealing studies, the integrated damage profile for all irradiated samples decreased exponentially with increasing annealing temperature. At low relative ion fluences and comparable irradiation-induced defect concentrations, the defects produced by He+ irradiation at 160 K are more difficult to anneal at 300 K than those produced by Si+ irradiation at 160 K, which suggests that trapping of He atoms at defects may be inhibiting recombination.
Ionic conductivity and electrode effects on β-PbF2

Abstract The a.c. impedance of single crystal specimens of β-PbF2 has been studied as a function of frequency and temperature in the range 10−2 to 105 Hz and 25 to 320°C. A variety of ionically blocking electrode configurations were used and equivalent circuits were derived by complex plane analysis. In addition to bulk resistive and capacitive effects, a complex frequency-dependent interface impedance was identified. The algebraic form and temperature dependence of this impedance were found and variations in its magnitude with changes in electrode material and morphology were measured.
What's Good for the Goose Is Not Good for the Gander: Solo Status as an Obstacle to Occupational Achievement for Males and Females

As women and minorities enter occupations traditionally closed to them, they are increasingly likely to occupy positions of solo status (i.e., to be either the only member or one of a small number of their sex or ethnic group in a work situation). In this article, we consider the consequences of having solo status. We report the results of an experiment that varied the sex composition of task-oriented groups. The consequences of having solo status were markedly different for solo males and solo females. Solo females were unlikely to be group leaders; overall group satisfaction was lowest when a solo female was present; and gender-related issues were most likely to be raised in groups including a solo female. Solo males, on the other hand, tended to be integrated into the group as leaders, resulting in smoother group functioning. The implications of having solo status in terms of opportunity for professional advancement are discussed.
Measuring Critical Velocity of Water Droplet Removal on Gas Diffusion Layers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The production of water on the cathode electrode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells may cause problems with flooding or freezing of cell. Therefore, there is a need for water management. This study investigates water droplet removal on the gas diffusion layer by measuring critical velocity-the velocity needed to remove droplets formed above the GDL. A test apparatus was designed for this study, and the effects of droplet diameter, GDL thickness, and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) loading on the critical velocity were studied. When droplet diameter and PTFE loading were increased, a decrease in critical velocity was observed. However, as GDL thickness increased, depending on the PTFE loading, either an increase or decrease in critical velocity was observed. Thus, it was concluded that increased droplet diameter and increased PTFE loading result in lower critical velocities, increasing thickness results in lower critical velocity for low PTFE loadings, and increasing thickness does not have a significant effect on the critical velocity for high PTFE loadings. This work increases the understanding of designing an optimum GDL in the fuel cell, while also providing insight on the critical velocity needed to remove water droplets from the GDL.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Personality and cognitive decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study.

Objective To determine the association between personality domains and 11-year cognitive decline in a sample from a population-based study. Method Data from Waves 3 (1993–1996) and 4 (2003–2004) of the Baltimore cohort of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study were used for analyses. The sample included 561 adults (mean age ± SD: 45.2 ± 10.78 years) who completed the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised prior to Wave 4. Participants also completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and immediate and delayed word recall tests at Wave 3, and at Wave 4, 10.9 ± 0.6 years later. Results In models adjusted for baseline cognitive performance, demographic characteristics, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use, each 10-point increase in Neuroticism T-scores was associated with a 0.15-point decrease in MMSE scores (B = −0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.30, −0.01), whereas each 10-point increase in Conscientiousness T-scores was associated with a 0.18-point increase on the MMSE (B = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.32) and a 0.21-point increase in immediate recall (B = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.41) between baseline and follow-up. Conclusion Findings suggest that greater Neuroticism is associated with decline, and greater Conscientiousness is associated with improvement in performance on measures of general cognitive function and memory in adults. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which personality traits in midlife are associated with clinically significant cognitive outcomes in older adults, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and to identify potential mediators of the association between personality and cognitive trajectories.
A Study on Chemical Foaming Geopolymer Building Materials

Zinc and aluminum powders were used as foaming agents and organosilane was innovatively used as a modifier to synthesize a foamed geopolymer. The produced foamed geopolymer with enhanced compressive strength and low thermal conductivity is an ideal material for fire protection, sound absorption and thermal insulation. The low thermal conductivity was achieved by increasing the porosity in the foamed geopolymer and the enhanced compressive strength was realized by adding the modifier. The pore numbers in the foamed geopolymer were greatly increased by releasing the hydrogen gas, which was produced from the chemical reaction of zinc and aluminum powders in a base solution. The modifier decreased the foaming reaction rate and generated homogeneously-distributed small pores in the foamed geopolymer with improved compressive strength.
Mass Spectrometry of Chlorambucil, its Degradation Products, and its Metabolite in Biological Samples

A sensitive and specific method for the determination of chlorambucil and its metabolite in biological fluids is reported. The method is based on selected-ion monitoring detection following simple extraction of the parent compound, its metabolite, and an internal standard (chlorambucil-d8) from plasma and urine samples. The precision (reproducibility) of the method was 94.3 ± 1.3% with 200 ng of chlorambucil added to 1 ml of plasma. Chlorambucil degradation or alkylation of plasma proteins was minimal with plasma incubated at 24° for 4 hr. However, chloroambucil recovery decreased to 56% after plasma incubation at 37° for 4 hr. Three chlorambucil degradation products in ethyl acetate solution were found, and their structures were studied by mass spectrometry.
Stochastic Interpretation of Linear Pharmacokinetics: A Linear System Analysis Approach

Abstract Linear drug disposition is most generally defined in terms of the superposition principle. This principle is explained on the molecular level by probability principles involving stochastic, independent kinetic behavior of drug molecules. A stochastic modeling approach is presented that is more general than pharmacokinetic models typically employed in stochastic approaches. First-order microscopic transfer rate constants ( k ij ,) are not employed or assumed in the analysis. The approach is a linear system analysis approach that makes use of the simplest possible kinetic structure that enables a differentiation of the drug disposition into elimination and distribution components. This is done by applying stochastic principles in the context of the disposition decomposition analysis (DDA). The DDA approach in its linear form is a generalization of linear pharmacokinetic systems that assume a homogeneous sampling space. Disposition kinetics is partitioned into two kinetic spaces, a homogeneous sampling space, and a heterogeneous peripheral kinetic space. A structure differentiation beyond this is difficult to justify in common situations when only the parent drug is determined from a single iv sampling site. A stochastic independent molecule (SIM) model is formulated in the structure context of DDA. The model is employed to identify core relationships by isolating elementary stochastic building blocks of the disposition kinetics and absorption kinetics. It is shown how the stochastic building blocks of the SIM-DDA model are related to various mean time parameters. Residence probability functions and drug delivery probability functions provided by the approach appear useful for extending kinetic bioavailability concepts into a purely stochastic realm. The emphasis on transit time concepts enables a kinetic differentiation and a more intrinsic characterization than possible by the use of common residence time principles. Relationships are presented that link stochastic and kinetic elements. Formulas are presented for the practical calculations of the mean time parameters and stochastic functions presented. Practical examples are given of the concepts presented using data from several drugs.
Bifurcation dynamics of natural drainage networks.

As water erodes a landscape, streams form and channellize the surficial flow. In time, streams become highly ramified networks that can extend over a continent. Here, we combine physical reasoning, mathematical analysis and field observations to understand a basic feature of network growth: the bifurcation of a growing stream. We suggest a deterministic bifurcation rule arising from a relationship between the position of the tip in the network and the local shape of the water table. Next, we show that, when a stream bifurcates, competition between the stream and branches selects a special bifurcation angle α =2 π /5. We confirm this prediction by measuring several thousand bifurcation angles in a kilometre-scale network fed by groundwater. In addition to providing insight into the growth of river networks, this result presents river networks as a physical manifestation of a classical mathematical problem: interface growth in a harmonic field. In the final sections, we combine these results to develop and explore a one-parameter model of network growth. The model predicts the development of logarithmic spirals. We find similar features in the kilometre-scale network.
A computational investigation of the geometrical structure and protodeboronation of boroglycine, H2N-CH2-B(OH)2.

In this article the geometrical structure of the simple, achiral, α-amino boronic acid boroglycine, H2N−CH2−B(OH)2, was investigated using density functional theory (DFT), second-order Moller−Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory, and coupled cluster methodology with single- and double-excitations (CCSD); the effects of an aqueous environment were incorporated into the results by using a few explicit water molecules and/or self-consistent reaction field (SCRF) calculations with the IEF polarizable continuum model (PCM). Neutral reaction mechanisms were investigated for the direct protodeboronation (hydrolysis) of boroglycine (H2O + H2N−CH2−B(OH)2 → B(OH)3 + H2N−CH3), for which was −21.9 kcal/mol at the MP2(FC)/aug-cc-pVDZ level, and for the 1,2-carbon-to-nitrogen shift of the −B(OH)2 moiety (H2N−CH2−B(OH)2 → H3C−NH−B(OH)2), for which the corresponding value of was −18.2 kcal/mol. A boron−oxygen double-bonded intermediate was found to play an important role in the 1,2-rearrangement mechanism.
Modelling and Simulation of a Cantilever-Paddle Beam Under the Effect of Capillary, Shock, and Electrostatic Forces

In this paper, we present a mathematical model and analysis for a microbeam fixed at one end and coupled to a microplate at its other end under the effect of capillary, shock and electrostatic forces. The model considers the microbeam as a flexible structure, the plate as a rigid body. First, we subject the system to capillary force via a drop of fluid which is trapped underneath the microplate. We derive closed-form solutions to the static and eigenvalue problems associated with the microbeam-microplate system. We then subject the system to shock loads for both case (capillary and electrostatic forces). The Galerkin procedure is used to derive a set of nonlinear ordinary-differential equations that describe the microsystem dynamics. We investigate the influence of the fluid volume ratio and the applied DC voltage on the microbeam response. We find that the effect of capillary force has much more dominant role compared to shock and electrostatic forces.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Finite element method parametric study on scratch behavior of polymers

Parametric studies were performed using finite element analysis (FEA) to learn how material and surface properties of polypropylene (PP) affect scratch behavior. Three-dimensional FEA modeling of scratching on a PP substrate with a spherical-tipped indenter is presented. Three different loading conditions, that is constant scratch depth, constant normal load, and linearly increasing normal load, are adopted for this parametric study. From the FEA findings, it is learned that Poisson's ratio has a negligible effect on scratch performance, whereas raising the coefficient of adhesive friction induces a significantly larger residual scratch depth and tangential force on the scratch tip. Increasing the Young's modulus of a material does not necessarily improve its overall scratch performance. On the other hand, modifying the yield stress of a material has a major impact on scratch resistance as a higher yield stress reduces the residual scratch depth. From this numerical effort, it is concluded that the yield stress and coefficient of adhesive friction are the most critical parameters to influence the scratch performance of a material. Analyses also suggest that the general trend in the parametric effect of the above four parameters on scratch behavior is independent of the applied normal load level.
Synthesis of polyphosphoinositides in transverse tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of frog skeletal muscle.

Abstract Synthesis of polyphosphoinositides has been studied in transverse (T−) tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane fractions of frog skeletal muscle, following 32 P-labeling with [γ- 32 P]ATP. Purified SR and T-tubule fractions respectively synthesize 9.4 ± 0.8 and 71.9 ± 9.8 pmol PtdInsP/mg protein per min, indicating nearly 8-fold higher activity of PtdIns kinase in the T-tubules than in the SR. The activity of this enzyme in both membrane systems is maximum at pH 7 and p Ca 6. PtdInsP 2 is synthesized from the endogenous PtdInsP, only in T-tubule membranes by the action of PtdInsP kinase. This lipid is the most intensely 32 P-labeled phosphoinositide (181.7 ± 9.2 pmol/mg per min) in these membranes. PtdIns kinase in the T-tubule and SR membranes, and PtdInsP kinase in the former are modulated by the free [Mg 2+ ]. Loss of radiolabel from transiently maximal 32 P-incorporation in polyphosphoinositides in T-tubule membranes, concomitant with a decrease in the ATP concentration in the incubation buffer, shows the occurrence of phosphoinositidases in these membranes. Under the conditions used, no such activities were evident in SR membranes. Compound 48/80, a mixture of condensation products of N -methyl- p -methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde, known to block phosphoinositidase C and phospholipase A 2 , causes a dose-dependent increase in the 32 P-label of PtdInsP, in T-tubule membranes. The synthesis of lyso PtdIsnP 2 , a deacylated form of PtdInsP 2 which occurs in nearly equal quantities in both T-tubule and SR membranes may result from a mechanism independent of phospholipase A 2 .
Prosthetic hip infection related to a dental procedure despite antibiotic prophylaxis.

A 39-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus who was taking corticosteroids had a prosthetic hipinfection with Streptococcus oralis after a dental procedure despite prophylaxis with erythromycin. The causative organism was resistant to erythromycin. For patients with prosthetic joints the literature does not support dental prophylaxis, which even if given appropriately, may fail to prevent infection. Some experts advocate giving antibiotic prophylaxis to patients at high risk, although data supporting this practice are limited. However, considering that most orthopedic surgeons and many dental clinicians provide antibiotic prophylaxis, alternatives to erythromycin such as a first-generation cephalosporin should be considered.
Lack of protection against ouabain cardiotoxicity after chronic ablation of the area postrema in cats

We evaluated the hypothesis that the area postrema facilitates the cardiac arrhythmias caused by toxic doses of digitalis. The arrhythmic dose of ouabain was determined in four cats with chronic selective destruction of the area postrema, and in a control group of two sham-operated cats and three normal unoperated cats. The cats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and polygraph records were made of end-tidal Pco2, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and the electrocardiogram (lead II and a bipolar lead in the superior vena cava). The vagosympathetic trunks were cut bilaterally, and 1 h later an i.v. infusion of [3H]ouabain was begun at the rate of 1.71 nmol/kg/min. This was continued until ventricular tachycardia appeared, as determined electrocardiographically. The total ouabain dosage required for ventricular tachycardia was recorded, and the ouabain concentrations in the arterial plasma and in the myocardium were determined by liquid scintillation counting. No statistically significant difference was found between the chronically postremectomized cats and the controls in any of these measures of ouabain cardiotoxicity. These results indicate that the area postrema plays no important role in the cardiotoxic action of ouabain in pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized cats.
Primary spacing selection in directionally solidified alloys

The stability of primary spacing in cellular and dendritic arrays has been examined through critical directional solidification studies in the succinonitrile-acetone system. The existence of a range of primary spacing has been established for steady-state growth under given experimental conditions, and the stability of primary spacing within this range has been confirmed through velocity change experiments. Different mechanisms that are operative in the unstable regime of primary spacing have been quantitatively examined. Besides the mechanisms of cell or dendrite creation or elimination, a new mechanism for spacing changes was also identified in which the adjustment of primary spacing occurred through the lateral motion of cells or dendrites. A theoretical model, based on the mass balance constraint, is developed to correlate primary spacing with processing conditions, and the results are compared with the experimental data.
Measurement of fission gas release from irradiated U-Mo monolithic fuel samples

Abstract The uranium–molybdenum (U–Mo) alloy in a monolithic form has been proposed as one fuel design capable of converting some of the world’s highest power research reactors from the use of high enriched uranium (HEU) to low enriched uranium (LEU). One aspect of the fuel development and qualification process is to demonstrate appropriate understanding of the extent of fission product release from the fuel under anticipated service environments. An apparatus capable of heating post-irradiated small-scale samples cut from larger fuel segments according to specified thermal profiles under a controlled atmosphere has been installed into a hot cell. Results show that optimized experimental parameters to investigate fission product release from small samples have been established. Initial measurements conducted on aluminum alloy clad uranium–molybdenum monolithic fuel samples reveal three clear fission gas release events over the temperature range of 30–1000 °C. The mechanisms responsible for these events are discussed, and the results have been compared with available information in the literature.
BIBLICAL HEBREW STATIVES AND SITUATION ASPECT

L'A. aborde la question de l'ambiguite contextuelle des statifs en hebreu biblique par rapport au concept semantique d'aspect de situation ou Aktionsart. Le besoin se fait sentir d'un concept d'aspect plus complexe qui puisse etre applique a l'analyse du systeme verbal hebreu
Quantum Calculation of Coulomb Excitation. M1 and M1-E2 Mixed Transitions and Classical Approximation

Formulas are derived for magnetic-dipole Coulomb excitation, including spin effects. Numerical results are presented graphically. The mixed $M1\ensuremath{-}E2$ transitions are similarly discussed, and the simple pure-mixed analysis is shown to apply except for anomalous cases of slight interest.A classical approximation is discussed in detail, and applied to higher multipoles.
Inhibition of the lytic phase of murine T-cell-mediated alloimmune cytotoxicity by a rat antiactivated T-cell antiserum

Abstract Antisera produced in rats by immunization with alloimmune murine C57Bl/6 anti-P815 splenic lymphocytes or purified T cells activated in vitro by coculture with phytohemagglutinincoated L-929 cells were found to inhibit the in vitro cytolytic action of in vivo and in vitro alloimmune C57Bl/6 anti-P815 cytotoxic T cells in a 4-hr chromium-51 release assay. The rat anti-murine-activated lymphocyte (anti-MAL) or antiactivated T-cell (anti-ATC) serum inhibited lysis in the absence of exogenously added complement activity and were not directly cytotoxic to CTL. Absorption of anti-MAL with target cells P815, L-929, EL-4, and normal C57Bl/6 lymphocytes removed a limited amount of the CTL-inhibitory activity. In contrast, lectin-activated alloimmune lymphocytes fully absorbed the inhibitory activity indicating these antisera preferentially recognize unique antigenic determinants associated with the activated CTL cell surface. The anti-ATC was found to block alloimmune lysis by CTL from several inbred mouse strains suggesting these antisera recognized antigenic determinants of a common lytic mechanism. A kinetic analysis of the inhibitory activity of the anti-MAL on the CTL reaction scheme revealed this antiserum inhibited lysis at a post-Ca 2+ -dependent step, presumably during the target cell lytic phase. This result suggests the rat antiserum can neutralize the CTL lytic mechanism.
Changes in frequency and amplitude of delta activity during sleep.

Abstract Modified period analysis was applied to all-night sleep recordings from 14 young adult males. The modifications involved addition of measures of integrated amplitude and of time in frequency band to the zero crossings and zero counts of the first derivative. The analysis was directed toward changes in the characteristics of delta activity (0–3 c/sec) across the night. Delta shifted toward lower frequencies and decreased in amplitude as sleep progressed. These trends were apparent in mean values for successive periods of slow-wave sleep (SSWPs). For epochs of record classified as stage 4 EEG, these trends were seen both within and across SSWPs. The physiological significance of these changes is unknown. We suggest that they may reflect the kinetics of the metabolic processes underlying sleep. Whatever their theoretical significance, the present results provide new, normative features of the sleep EEG which are not evident in sleep stage classification. The trends we observed appear sufficiently reliable to merit empirical investigation as a function of age, clinical state, or the administration of drugs in addition to further studies aimed at determining their biological significance.
Response-independent food presentations decelerate low rate responding

Response rates stabilized at between 4 and 5 responses/min on a DRL 15-sec schedule of reinforcement. When reinforcers were delivered independently of responses, response rates decreased over several sessions to 0.4 responses/min. An extinction procedure also decreased response rates, but more rapidly. Response deceleration was compared on fixed-time schedules following DRL, FI, and FR schedules.
Digital imaging using a high-resolution interferometricwavefront sensor

We present experimental results of using a high-resolution wavefront sensor for digital imaging through deconvolution from wavefront sensing. We show that our system can image objects containing high spatial frequencies and that it is more flexible than traditional imaging systems in accommodating different uncharacterized optical aberrations or imaging setups.
Social cognition in cynical hostility

Cynical hostility, as measured by the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale, has been found to predict illness and premature death. A variety of models of the potential links between hostility and health have suggested that cynically hostile people have a unique cognitive style in social contexts. To avoid the methodological limitations of previous self-report methods for assessing the cognitive correlates of cynical hostility, the present study employed an information-processing procedure. High- and low-Ho males engaged in either a neutral or hostile social interaction with a confederate, and then rated him on a series of trait adjectives. In a subsequent incidental recall task, cynically hostile individuals showed enhanced recall of hostile trait adjectives following the hostile social interaction. Consistent with theory, these results suggest a “hostile other” schema, which can be activated by antagonistic interactions.
Designing reliable networks with short paths

We present a technique for constructing highly reliable networks in which locations consist of pairs of redundant vertices and in which every pair of locations has a pair of short disjoint paths connecting them. One of the paths between locations has one hop and, in most cases, the other path between locations has two hops. We further show that the networks have as few edges as possible and the vertices in the networks have nearly as small a degree as possible.
Chemical and isotopic investigations into the origin of clay minerals from the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds field

Abstract A dark green authigenic nontronite is the major component of the Galapagos hydrothermal mounds field sediments. Oxygen isotopic compositions of the chemically purified, in situ mounds temperatures of up to 15°C. Assuming an authigenic origin, the Fe-rich montmorillonite that dominates in the noncarbonate clay fraction of the surrounding pelagic ooze has isotopic formation temperatures of 27° to 39°C, compared with measured in situ temperatures of ca. 3.5° to 6.5°C. The higher isotopic formation temperatures calculated for the hydrothermal nontronite suggest either complex patterns of fluid circulation and nontronite precipitation presently within the mounds or a higher thermal history associated with rapid and episodic periods of deposition during the Holocene-Pleistocene. The apparent high isotopic temperature of the Fe-rich montmorillonite may reflect: (1) formation under hydrothermal conditions at spreading centers with subsequent dispersal by bottom currents, (2) a detrital origin of the mineral, or (3) a mixture of authigenic Fe-montmorillonite and detrital Al-montmorillonite in this region.
Insecticide concentration for ultra‐low volume crop spray application

Factors affecting the choice of optimum concentration of active ingredient of insecticides used in crop protection sprays are discussed with reference to ultra-low volume applications against cotton bollworms in Central Africa.
Virus-like particles highly expressing DC-SIGN concentrate trimeric HIV-envelope proteins with noncovalently linked immunoreactive gp120 and gp41.

Background We have hypothesized that membrane-bound macromolecular HIV-envelope proteins (mHIV-env) as a subunit, with gp120 and gp41 in their innate conformation, can be used as an effective immunogen to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) against sexually or perinatally transmitted HIV-1. To test this hypothesis we have synthesized infection-free mHIV-env from the HIV-1 transmitted in humans (Vyas et al, Biologicals 2012;40:15-20). The process has been simplified for making large amounts of mHIV-env coupled with DC-SIGN expressing virus-like lipoparticles (VLP) as a candidate immunogen.
Exploring the characteristics of an IT professional's employment arrangement

There are a variety of employment arrangements commonly held by IT professionals. This exploratory analysis provides an initial background for continuing investigation into IT professionals' varied employment arrangements. Significant differences were found among the 21 employment arrangement characteristics provided each of the 258 surveyed IT professionals. The study revealed that permanent full-time employees view their employment arrangement characteristics differently from independent contractors and contract company workers. Permanent part-time employees view their employment arrangement characteristics differently from permanent full-time employees, but are more similar to permanent full-time than independent contractors and contract company workers. These results provide practitioner relevance to sourcing and managerial issues of IT professionals.
Costing a Library: A Generic Approach.

Determining the relevant costs of library services offered becomes important when the library is made available to individuals or groups that do not normally have access to it. Such groups might include corporations located in adjacent research or industrial parks or other similar profit or nonprofit organizations. In addition, as operational costs are identified, it becomes increasingly possible to identify cost-saving procedures. This paper reviews procedures to obtain activity indicators and provide techniques to translate these indicators into costs. Since such procedures are relatively new for libraries, the paper presents an eight-step process to derive a comprehensive set of costs, especially for research libraries. Each step contains procedures and formulas to assist in its completion.
Psychology and Religion

Both psychology and religion are difficult to define with any firm consensus. However, religions tend to have a focus upon transcendent reality whether or not perceived in personal terms. Psychologies seek to use a specific range of methods to focus upon the mental representations assumed to reflect reality. When considered together, various psychologies provide a wide range of techniques from experimental and quasi-experimental to hermeneutic and phenomenological methods that vary in their claim to either explain religion in exclusively psychological terms or to provide rich descriptions of religion in which psychological terms assist in enhancing our understanding of religions.
DISRUPTING THE LOGIC OF HOME-SCHOOL RELATIONS Parent Involvement Strategies and Practices of Inclusion and Exclusion

Through in-depth interviews with 10 mothers from diverse ethnocultural and socioeconomic groups the authors explore issues of parent roles, access to power, and practices of inclusion and exclusion...