cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic movement model with emigration simulates movements of deer in Nebraska, 1990–2006

Movements of deer can affect population dynamics, spatial redistribution, and transmission and spread of diseases. Our goal was to model the movement of deer in Nebraska in an attempt to predict the poten- tial for spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) into eastern Nebraska. We collared and radio-tracked >600 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Nebraska dur- ing 1990-2006. We observed large displacements (>10 km) for both species and sexes of deer, including migrations up to 100 km and dispersals up to 50 km. Average distance traveled between successive daily locations was 166 m for male and 173 for female deer in eastern Nebraska, and 427 m for male and 459 for female deer in western Nebraska. Average daily displacement from initial capture point was 10 m for male and 14 m for female deer in eastern Nebraska, and 27 m for male and 28 m for female deer in western Nebraska. We used these data on naturally occurring movements to create and test 6 individual- based models of movement for white-tailed deer and mule deer in Nebraska, including models that incorporated sampling from empirical distributions of movement lengths and turn angles (DIST), cor- related random walks (CRW), home point fidelity (FOCUS), shifting home point (SHIFT), probabilistic movement acceptance (MOVE), and probabilistic movement with emigration (MOVEwEMI). We created models in sequence in an attempt to account for the shortcomings of the previous model(s). We used the Kolmogrov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test to verify improvement of simulated annual displacement dis- tributions to empirical displacement distributions. The best-fit model (D = 0.07 and 0.08 for eastern and western Nebraska, respectively) included a probabilistic movement chance with emigration (MOVEwEMI) and resulted in an optimal daily movement length of 350 m (maximum daily movement length of 2800 m for emigrators) for eastern Nebraska and 370 m (maximum of 2960 m) for western Nebraska. The propor- tion of deer that moved as emigrators was 0.10 and 0.13 for eastern and western Nebraska, respectively. We propose that the observed spread of CWD may be driven by large movements of a small proportion of deer that help to establish a low prevalence of the disease in areas east of the current endemic area. Our movement models will be used in a larger individual-based simulation of movement, survival, and transmission of CWD to help determine future surveillance and management actions.
Treatment of Insomnia in Hospitalized Patients

OBJECTIVE:To provide recommendations for the short-term management of insomnia in hospitalized patients and review patient assessment, nonpharmacologic treatment modalities, and selection of hypnotic medications.DATA SOURCES:Review articles and primary literature representative of current knowledge regarding the treatment of insomnia were identified by MEDLINE search (1966–January 2001). Search terms included insomnia (sleep initiation and maintenance disorders), benzodiazepines, zaleplon, zolpidem, and trazodone.DATA SYNTHESIS:Literature regarding the management of insomnia in hospitalized patients is limited; therefore, data pertinent to the treatment of ambulatory patients must be extrapolated to the inpatient setting. When evaluating insomnia in hospitalized patients, it seems reasonable to obtain a thorough history and physical examination to identify potential underlying etiologies. Treatment of these underlying etiologies should be considered. When the use of a sedative—hypnotic agent is necessary,...
One Implementation Variant of the Finite Difference Method for Solving ODEs/DAEs

An easy-to-use variant of the finite difference method (FDM), the polynomial finite difference method (PFDM), for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), is presented. Compared to the traditional implementation of the FDM, the PFDM approach has two major advantages: straightforward implementation, and easily adjustable accuracy order. Some examples are presented to compare the numerical solutions of the PFDM to those of other popular ODEs/DAEs methods. These examples show that the PFDM also has the following good features: feasible for ODEs/DAEs in the implicit form, capable of self-starting in high orders, and applicable to stiff problems.
Testicular torsion in neonates: importance of power Doppler imaging.

Power Doppler sonography has been shown to have greater sensitivity to blood flow than conventional color Doppler sonography. Whether this increased sensitivity provides clinically relevant information for a diagnosis of neonatal testicular torsion has been questioned. We present the case of a newborn infant who was thought to have bilateral testicular torsion and infarction based on gray scale and color Doppler ultrasonographic findings. Power Doppler imaging and surgery proved one testicle to be viable. This case both demonstrates the value of power Doppler sonography in detecting normally low flow in the neonatal testicle and shows that the finding of hypoechoic testicles may not necessarily mean infarction. Duplex sonography and color Doppler ultrasonography play key roles in the diagnosis of testicular torsion in adolescents and adults.1 In neonates, however, since testicular blood flow normally is low and often is below the sensitivity of conventional color Doppler sonography, a definitive sonographic diagnosis can be more difficult than in adolescents.2 The clinical usefulness of power Doppler sonography in such cases is being evaluated. We present a case of testicular torsion in a neonate that appeared to show bilateral infarction on gray scale and conventional color Doppler sonographic images. Only after power Doppler imaging was the diagnosis of unilateral testicular torsion and a salvageable second testicle made.
Subunit Organization in a Soluble Complex of Tar, CheW, and CheA by Electron Microscopy

Abstract The Salmonella and Escherichia coli aspartate receptor, Tar, is representative of a large class of membrane receptors that generate chemotaxis responses by regulating the activity of an associated histidine protein kinase, CheA. Tar is composed of an NH2-terminal periplasmic ligand-binding domain linked through a transmembrane sequence to a COOH-terminal coiled-coil signaling domain in the cytoplasm. The isolated cytoplasmic domain of Tar fused to a leucine zipper sequence forms a soluble complex with CheA and the Src homology 3-like kinase activator, CheW. Activity of the CheA kinase in the soluble complex is essentially the same as in fully active complexes with the intact receptor in the membrane. The soluble complex is composed of ∼28 receptor cytoplasmic domain chains, 6 CheW chains, and 4 CheA chains. It has a molecular weight of 1,400,000 (Liu, I., Levit, M., Lurz, R., Surette, M.G., and Stock, J.B. (1997) EMBO J. 16, 7231–7240). Electron microscopy reveals an elongated barrel-like structure with a largely hollow center. Immunoelectron microscopy has provided a general picture of the subunit and domain organization of the complex. CheA and CheW appear to be in the middle of the complex with the leucine zippers of the receptor construct at the ends. These findings show that the receptor signaling complex forms higher ordered structures with defined geometric architectures. Coupled with atomic models of the subunits, our results provide insights into the functional architecture by which the receptor regulates CheA kinase activity during bacterial chemotaxis.
The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor

This article conceptualizes the emotional labor construct in terms of four dimensions: frequency of appropriate emotional display, attentiveness to required display rules, variety of emotions to be displayed, and emotional dissonance generated by having to express organizationally desired emotions not genuinely felt. Through this framework, the article then presents a series of propositions about the organizational-, job-, and individual-level characteristics that are antecedents of each of these four dimensions. Frequency of emotional display, attentiveness to display rules, variety of emotions to be displayed, and emotional dissonance are hypothesized to lead to greater emotional exhaustion, but only emotional dissonance is hypothesized to lead to lower job satisfaction. Implications for future theory development and empirical research on emotional labor are discussed as well.
Structure of idiotopes associated with antiphenylarsonate antibodies expressing an intrastrain crossreactive idiotype.

We have explored the structural basis of idiotopes associated with the major idiotype (CRIA) of A/J anti-p-azobenzenearsonate antibodies, with emphasis on the regions of contact with anti-idiotypic antibody. The analysis was facilitated by a recent description of the three-demensional structure of the Fab portion of a CRIA-related antibody molecule. Direct binding measurements failed to reveal idiotopes associated exclusively with the L chain. However, the L chain participated in the formation of approximately 80% of the idiotopes recognized by polyclonal anti-Id. This indicates that multiple complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) participate in the formation of idiotopes. The affinity of anti-Id for CDRs on L chains must be appreciable but insufficient to permit direct binding (i.e., less than approximately 10(4) M-1). Approximately 20-35% of polyclonal anti-Id reacted with high affinity with H chains recombined with non-CRIA-related L chains. This interaction was found to involve the D region as well as one or both CDRs in the VH segment, again indicating the contribution of multiple CDRs. It is suggested that a typical idiotope may be similar in size to that of protein epitopes whose three-dimensional structures are known; such epitopes comprise a substantial fraction of the surface area occupied by the CDRs of an antibody. The expression of an idiotope recognized by the mAb AD8, which interacts with the VH segment, was found to be unaffected by major changes in the neighboring D and VL regions. This observation is relevant to efforts to predict three-dimensional structure from the amino acid sequence of CRIA+ molecules.
Chemically Induced Seizures

Drug- and toxin-associated seizures (DTS) may result from exposure to a wide variety of agents. Most DTS can be managed with supportive care. First-line anticonvulsant therapy should include benzodiazepines, unless agents require a specific antidote. Phenytoin is generally not expected to be useful for DTS and in some instances may be harmful. In this article the authors discuss the pathophysiology of DTS, the potential differential diagnosis, and the clinical presentation. They also review selected agents that cause DTS and provide an overview of how the clinician should approach the management of patients who have DTS.
Temperature variation of bulk moduli in solids

A modified approach of the Mie-Gruneisen equation of state has been attempted in the present work leading to an evaluation of bulk moduli at different temperatures for CdTe, Si and NaClO3. The Debye temperatures involved have no more been considered as constant, but have been calculated as a function of temperature by de Launay–s and by Betts– methods. The average of these values has been used for the present estimations of bulk moduli. The involved Gruneisen parameters have also been taken as dependent on temperature. The agreement with the experimental values is good enough to prove the validity of an equation similar to Wachtman–s for all solids in which we assumed that the main change of bulk modulus with temperature arises from the associated small volume changes.
Reverse Image Lookup of a Small Academic Library Digital Collection

This article details a case study using Reverse Image Lookup (RIL) tools to analyze the reuse value of the digitized University Photographs collection at Loyola University New Orleans. A sample of 63 images from the digitized collection was searched using three different RIL tools. The results were then analyzed to see which RIL tool was the most effective, whether RIL is an effective and time-efficient method for determining reuse, and whether reuse is an effective measure of success for this type of collection. Existing literature on using RIL tools on digital libraries focuses on popular, well-known collections. This study is the first known published example of using RIL tools on a smaller, lesser-known collection and can help enable other institutions to determine if reuse is an effective measurement of success for their digital collections.
White Claims to Illness and the Race-Based Medicalization of Addiction for Drug-Involved Former Prisoners

Critical Race Theory scholars have long argued that the War on Drugs is a war waged against low-income, Black urban citizens. However, as the spotlight has shifted somewhat from policing street drug use and trafficking among poor, inner-city Blacks, to concerns about the chronic pharmaceutical substance abuse of middle- and upper-class White suburban citizens, so, too has the rhetoric. Some aspects of contemporary penal discourse have evolved from the “Get Tough” orientation of yesteryear to a revived rehabilitative agenda, designed to treat and heal wayward souls. The depraved, incorrigible, and inherently pathological drug-using caricature of twenty years ago has taken on a lighter, more sympathetic hue. If White privilege confers upon its possessors the right to hold themselves in higher esteem, arguably even the deepest of drug entrenched individuals may be granted space to construct the onset and longevity of their addiction as processes external to their will. Rather than embrace the ineluctably criminal persona assigned to Black addicts, White users may instead claim their victimhood, illness, and eschew accountability. This essay examines interview narratives from a mixed-race sample of 304 drug-involved former prisoners, and focuses on how respondents conceive of their addiction and the extent to which race modifies ownership of a deviant status.
Aqueous Phase Synthesis of Highly Luminescent, Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots and Their Application as Bioimaging Agents

Carbon dots are promising scaffolds for multifunctional therapeutic systems because of their fluorescence property, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. In this work, we prepared nitrogen-doped carbon dots through an aqueous phase strategy using folic acid as precursor. The carbon dots possess many attractive features including uniform dispersion with size about 9 nm, bright photoluminescence, high photoluminescence quantum yield of 23%, and low toxicity, making them excellent imaging probes for biomedical applications.
Antioxidative β-diketones in stigma lipids of tobacco

Les lipides des stigmates de tabac contiennent des β-dicetones, et montrent une activite antioxydative. Les β-dicetones de stigmates auraient un role dans la prevention de l'oxydation par l'air des lipides des stigmates
Acute Glucose Response Properties Beyond Feeding

Hypothalamic AgRP neurons potently coordinate feeding behavior to ensure an organism's viability. However, their acute role in glucose-regulatory function remains to be addressed. Steculorum et al. now report that activation of a specific set of AgRP neurons results in an impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in brown fat through a myogenic signature program.
Analysis of University Library Vertical Information Service Mode in the Network Era

The vertical information service mode of the university library was introduced and its development under 3G network was prospected.University library should seize the opportunity,and vertical information service should be carried out from many aspects and many directions to provide strong support for scientific research in universities.
Passive RFID for IOT using UWB/UHF hybrid signaling

Advanced passive RFID tags integrated with a suite of sensors can play a significant role in the Internet of Things (IOT) ecosystem for longer range sensor applications. Although readers equipped with IPv6 communications capability allow the transfer of data from passive tags to the IOT world, reliable remote powering of such tag/sensor units still is a limiting factor in harsh propagation environments. In this paper we present a hybrid UWB/UHF signaling for reliable long-range tagreader communications in challenging environments such as reflective, absorptive, and cluttered channels.
A investigation and analysis of ureaplasma urealyticum infection of female children

Objective To investigate prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu) infection of female children.Methods The clinical features and quantitative PCR detection result of vaginal secretions of 274 girls aged 1~7 years old with vaginitis admitted to Xi'an Municipal Children's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 274 girls with vaginitis,Uu~DNA of 31 girls was positive,the infection rate was 11.3%,including 1girl aged under 3 years old,12 girls aged 4~7 years old and 18 girls aged 8~12 years old.In incidence rate of the disease,there was no significant difference between different age groups(χ2=5.89,P0.05).The main clinical manifestations of children with vaginitis included increased yellow-green vaginal secretions,frequent micturition,odynuria and vulval indisposition.All children were treated with erythromycin and kusheng lotion hip bath and cured.Conclusion Uu mainly causes genitourinary tract infection of female children.Quantitative PCR detection of Uu～DNA for vaginal secretions is helpful for diagnosis of the disease in clinic.
Case-control study on evaluation of BCG vaccination of newborn in Rangoon, Burma.

SUMMARYA case-control study was carried out on 311 tuberculous children under 5 years of age and 1536 non-tuberculous controls, matched for age, sex and the sector of residence, to evaluate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination of newborns in Rangoon, Burma. BCG vaccination status of both the cases and their matched controls was recorded. BCG vaccination in the newborn conferred 38% protection against the sum total of all forms of tuberculosis. The protective efficacy varied with the different forms of tuberculosis. It was only 20% for primary complex and 52% and 80% for tuberculous meningitis and disseminated tuberculosis, respectively. The protective effect of BCG vaccination was highest during the first 3 years after vaccination and then waned during the subsequent years. Although the protective efficacy seemed to be low, the impact of a BCG vaccination programme on the preventable deaths, neurological sequelae and the health services expenses is considerable.
Mismatched Unrelated Donor Transplantation

There are now more than 25 million volunteer donors registered worldwide for patients in need of a life-saving hematopoietic cell transplant to cure blood disorders. Although a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor remains the preferred stem cell source for transplantation, the use of a donor with limited HLA mismatching may be considered. Significant advances in clinical and basic research have been instrumental in furthering the understanding of donor-recipient HLA mismatches that are better tolerated than other mismatches. An increased appreciation of the role of regulatory region variation that affects the level of HLA expression provides new approaches for the selection of HLA-mismatched donors.
Thermal physiology of a reproductive female marsupial, Antechinus flavipes

Reproduction is an energetically costly, but necessary, process for animals. Small mammals in particular are at a disadvantage as they experience high heat losses to their environment, substantially increasing their energetic costs. However, many small mammals save energy by using torpor, a reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature (Tb). Antechinus flavipes is a small dasyurid marsupial endemic to Australia that uses torpor during adverse conditions. Females usually produce only one litter in their life. In our study, we aimed to quantify the thermal physiology of reproductive female A. flavipes held under natural ambient conditions in an outdoor aviary, and also under stable conditions indoors, during gestation, parturition and lactation. Throughout gestation, A. flavipes displayed similar variations in torpor use and Tb to reproductively unsuccessful females (did not produce young). Torpor use increased with decreasing ambient temperature in the outdoor aviary and ceased when held under stable ambient conditions indoors. Interestingly, during parturition/early lactation, Tb was tightly controlled and daily Tb variation decreased by ≥2.3 °C in comparison to all other reproductive states. Additionally, daily Tb variations during lactation were slightly smaller than those of gestating and reproductively unsuccessful females; however, this conclusion is only preliminary. Our results reveal that the flexibility of the thermal physiology of female A. flavipes is important throughout the reproductive period, except during parturition/early lactation when a stable Tb is likely beneficial to the early stages of development.
Terahertz radiation from accelerating charge carriers in graphene under ultrafast photoexcitation

We study the generation of THz radiation from the acceleration of ultrafast photoexcited charge carriers in graphene in the presence of a DC electric field. Our model is based on calculating the transient current density from the time-dependent distribution function which is determined using the Boltzmann transport equation within a relaxation time approximation. We include the time-dependent generation of carriers by the pump pulse by solving for the carrier generation rate using the Bloch equations in the rotating wave approximation (RWA). The linearly polarized pump pulse generates an anisotropic distribution of photoexcited carriers in the $k_x-k_y$ plane. The collision integral in the Boltzmann equation includes a term that leads to the \textit{thermalization} of carriers via carrier-carrier scattering to an effective temperature above the lattice temperature, as well as a \textit{cooling} term which leads to energy relaxation via inelastic carrier-phonon scattering. The radiated signal is proportional to the time derivative of the transient current density. In spite of the fact that the magnitude of the velocity is the same for all the carriers in graphene, there is still emitted radiation from the photoexcited charge carriers with frequency components in the THz range due to a change in the \textit{direction} of velocity of the photoexcited carriers in the external electric field as well as \textit{cooling} of the photoexcited carriers on a sub-picosecond time scale.
Direct object definiteness effects

Cet article examine les effets de la definitude de l'object direct dans des langues austronesiennes et relie ces effets a la morphologie de la transitivite. Les objets directs definis correspondent souvent a un marquage de transitivite eleve dans le syntagme verbal, alors que les objets indefinis correspondent ou declenchent le marquage intransitif, meme dans les phrases transitives. La primaute de l'orientation vers l'objet-but sur celle vers le sujet-agent se presente aussi comme tendance repandue dans la famille austronesienne. Dans certaines langues, l'objet-but defini se presente obligatoirement comme focus de la phrase, soit de facon visible, soit par le marquage indefini d'autres arguments, ou par sa montee a la position sujet, ou par d'autres voies. Cet article montre aussi que les restrictions sur la definitude de differents arguments dans les langues austronesiennes s'expliquent en termes des systemes historiques de focus. Les donnees examinees proviennent principalement de la langue muna (iles Celebes) ou la fonction historique de focus objet est encore attestee dans les formes verbales qui sont marquees de facon explicite pour des objets directs definis
JAZ Is Required for Interlukin-3 Withdrawal-Induced Apoptosis by Directly Activating p53.

Abstract By screening a murine interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent myeloid cell cDNA library, we previously identified JAZ (Just Another Zinc Finger Protein), a novel zinc finger (ZF) protein that localizes in the nucleus and preferentially binds dsRNA rather than DNA. Forced overexpression of JAZ induces apoptosis but the mechanism was not known. JAZ is differentially expressed in CD34+ primary human and mouse bone marrow cells including mononuclear myeloid and lymphoid cells but not in multinuclear megakaryocytes, indicating that JAZ may function in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Since IL-3 withdrawal induces apoptosis in factor-dependent myeloid and lymphoid cells, we tested whether endogenous JAZ is involved. Hematopoietic cell lines including murine NFS/N1.H7, 32D myeloid and BaF3 lymphoid cells were deprived of IL-3 for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and/or 48 hr. Results reveal that JAZ expression is upregulated prior to induction of cell death. While a role for p53 in hematopoietic progenitor cell response to apoptosis-inducing stress has been postulated, the mechanism is not clear. Therefore, we assessed whether p53 expression or activation can be affected by JAZ. Results reveal that in association with JAZ upregulation, IL-3 withdrawal also induces p53 expression and importantly, up-regulates its transcriptional activity as assessed by increased BAX expression. To verify p53 dependency, p53-deficient murine M1 and human K562 leukemic cells were also tested. These p53-deficient cells are highly insensitive to serum withdrawal-induced cell death. Importantly, siRNA-mediated ‘knock-down' of endogenous JAZ (by 70–80%) attenuates stress-induced cell death in NFS/N1.H7 but not M1 cells. These data point to a necessary role for JAZ in IL-3 or growth factor withdrawal-induced hematopoietic cell death in a p53-dependent manner. Further analysis using co-immunoprecipitation studies indicates that endogenous JAZ and p53 associate upon IL-3 withdrawal. Furthermore, using p53+/+ and p53−/− isogenic murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we clearly show that JAZ not only directly interacts with p53 but also stimulates its transcriptional activity, resulting in mediation/acceleration of stress-activated, p53-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, we propose that the nuclear factor JAZ may be a novel regulator of p53 in the hematopoietic cell response to stress leading to apoptosis. Since only about 15% of hematologic-malignancies express mutant (transcriptionally inactive) p53, it may be possible to therapeutically target wild-type p53 through a mechanism involving JAZ.
On error correction for asynchronous communication based on iterative processing

A forward error correction scheme for asynchronous sensor communication is proposed, where a continuous-time sparse waveform signal is asynchronously sampled and communicated over a noisy channel via Q-ary frequency-shift keying. The presented concatenated code employs outer systematic convolutional codes and inner embedded marker codes, which effectively preserve the timing information along with a protection against symbol insertions and deletions. We show that by iteratively decoding marker and convolutional codes along with interleaving a short block of parity bits a significant reduction in terms of the expected end-to-end distortion between original and reconstructed signals can be obtained compared to non-iterative processing.
Trends in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Interaction of Time, Group-Level Socioeconomic Status, and Individual-Level Race/Ethnicity.

An introduction is presented for an article in the issue regarding research of autism spectrum disorder prevalence in the U.S. between 2002-2010.
A cosmic jet swinging our way

Long-term multi-wavelength monitoring of a jet from a supermassive black hole reveals that more intense periods of variability in brightness occur when the jet is pointed more directly at Earth, thereby strengthening the geometric interpretation of long-term changes in brightness.
GPR Signature Detection and Decomposition for Mapping Buried Utilities with Complex Spatial Configuration

AbstractThe information of exact locations of underground utilities is an essential piece of evidence for preventing utility strikes in excavation work. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), which has em...
Employing proteomics to understand the effects of nutritional intervention in cancer treatment

Lifestyle optimizations are implementable changes that can have an impact on health and disease. Nutrition is a lifestyle optimization that has been shown to be of great importance in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Dozens of clinical trials are currently in progress that focus on the nutritional modifications that cancer patients can make prior to and during medical care that increase the efficacy of treatment. In this review, we discuss various nutritional inventions for cancer patients and the analytical approaches to characterize the downstream molecular effects. We first begin by briefly explaining the many different forms of nutritional intervention currently being used in cancer treatment as well as their motivating biology. The forms of nutrient modulation described in this review include calorie restriction, the different practices of fasting, and carbohydrate restriction. The review then shifts to explain how proteomics is used to determine biomarkers of cancer and how it can be utilized in the future to determine the metabolic phenotype of a tumor, and inform physicians if nutritional intervention should be recommended for a cancer patient. Nutrigenomics aims to understand the relationship of nutrients and gene expression and can be used to understand the downstream molecular effects of nutrition restriction, partially through proteomic analysis. Proteomics is just beginning to be used as cancer diagnostic and predictive tools. However, these approaches have not been used to their full potential to understand nutritional intervention in cancer. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Phenotypic and Cytogenetic Characterization of Human Bladder Urothelia Expanded in Vitro

A simple method for the harvest of bladder cell types from surgical specimens was used to generate strains of normal human urothelial cells that could be reproducibly cultivated, passaged and extensively expanded in serum-free medium. Immunostaining of the bladder epithelial cells with broadly reacting anti-cytokeratin antibodies and with an anti-cytokeratin antibody specific to cytokeratin 7, a transitional cell marker, indicated that they expressed a stable epithelial phenotype with serial passage. Low levels of immunostaining for E-cadherin and low levels of E-cadherin messenger ribonucleic acid, as determined by Northern blot analysis, and strongly positive immunostaining with an anti-vimentin antibody indicated collectively that the uroepithelial cells express a nonbarrier-forming phenotype under these culture conditions. However, when the urothelial cells were implanted subcutaneously into athymic mice on biodegradable synthetic polymers, they formed multilayered structures, suggesting that they retain the capability to differentiate in a living host. The urothelial cells proliferated in an epidermal growth factor independent manner and expressed high levels of transforming growth factor-alpha and amphiregulin messanger ribonucleic acids, suggesting the possibility of autocrine regulation of growth by epidermal growth factor-like factors. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that urothelial cells cultured for 6 passages possessed a normal chromosomal complement. These results demonstrate that primary cultures of autologous human bladder epithelial cells can be extensively expanded in vitro and, consequently, might be used in cell transplantation strategies for genitourinary reconstruction.
Effect of Strain Rate on the Dislocation Substructure in Deformed Niobium Single Crystals

This paper describes an investigation of the relationship between mechanical properties and dislocation substructure in the strain rate range 10−4 to 104 sec−1. The relationship between lower yield stress τyield and strain rate e follows two consecutive semi-logarithmic relationships of the form τyield = α + β log e with a break at a strain rate of approximately 10 sec−1. The dislocation configurations produced by deformation in these two regions have been investigated at strain rates of 1.2 × 10−4 sec−1 and 1.5 × 103 sec−1 using transmission electron microscopy techniques. The relationship between dislocation density, flow stress, and plastic strain has been determined and is discussed in terms of the dislocation structures observed.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in the Therapeutic Era

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the SMN1 gene. It is relatively common worldwide, affecting approximately 1 in 11,000 live births, and about 1 in every 54 individuals is a carrier. The FDA-approved nusinersen (Spinraza) in December 2016 and onasmenogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma) in May 2019 for treatment of SMA after clinical trials showed slowed progression, improved motor function, and improved survival in treated infants and children. This review is aimed at educating medical professionals to facilitate a better understanding of SMA genetics, care recommendations, current and future therapies, and the avenues for early diagnosis. With the advent of disease-modifying treatment for SMA, the prognosis and outcomes for patients are changing rapidly. Treatment response is time sensitive, and it is important to diagnose as early as possible and counsel families so prompt decisions regarding treatment can be made. An updated consensus statement on standards of care was published in 2018. Understanding the historical phenotypes, genetics and treatment options are critical to provide comprehensive counseling to families, allowing them to make informed decisions. Improved education of providers and advances in screening recommendations and create the opportunity for earlier diagnosis and treatment, further improving the outlook for this disease.
The Trade-Offs of Resilience and Efficiency in Synchromodal Supply Chains: An Empirical Analysis

Synchromodality is a novel transportation approach in which shippers and logistics companies work together to find the optimum transport mode based on real-time information. Synchromodality origina...
Urinary excretion after transcaval renal penetration of a fragmented Bird's Nest filter.

Abstract Permanent inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used to prevent venous thromboembolic events in select populations of patients. The Bird's Nest filter (BNF; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) is an IVC filter that has been associated with various complications including filter strut fractures, migration, caval wall perforation, visceral perforation, and vascular injury. We report a case of a BNF that eroded transmurally through the IVC into the right kidney parenchyma. The patient underwent operative intervention with removal of the BNF with an uncomplicated postoperative course. In patients with symptoms and local filter perforations, we advocate for safe filter removal when possible to avoid long-term damage.
Inaccuracies in Eviction Records: Implications for Renters and Researchers

Administrative court records are increasingly used to study the prevalence of eviction. Yet inaccuracies in court records bias estimates of eviction and distort tenants’ true rental histories. This...
Joint Video Caching and Processing for Multi-Bitrate Videos in Ultra-Dense HetNets

Caching popular videos at the edge has been confirmed as a promising way to support low-latency video transmission and alleviate the backhaul traffic burden. Meanwhile, mobile edge computing (MEC) has also been regarded as an effective solution to meet the 5G low-latency service requirements. In this article, we propose to fully utilize both the storage and computing resources at edge servers to support multiple bitrate video streaming. We design the video caching, processing, and user association models that aim to minimize the average retrieval latency of all users. This problem is modeled as a mixed-integer bilinear problem, which is NP-hard . We show that under practical constraints on storage, bandwidth, and processing capacity, the problem does not exhibit sub-modular property and the performance of a greedy algorithm may not be strictly guaranteed. To deal with this challenging problem, we decompose the original problem into a cache placement problem and a user-BS association problem, while still preserving the interplay between the two sub-problems. A linearization and rounding algorithm, including: (i) a greedy rounding proactively caching scheme and (ii) a random-rounding user-BS association scheme, is then proposed, with performance bounds derived. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a near-optimal performance under various storage, computing capacity, and downlink bandwidth settings.
An extension of U(gln) related to the alternating group and Galois orders

Abstract In 2010, V. Futorny and S. Ovsienko gave a realization of U ( gl n ) as a subalgebra of the ring of invariants of a certain noncommutative ring with respect to the action of S 1 × S 2 × ⋯ × S n , where S j is the symmetric group on j variables. An interesting question is what a similar algebra would be in the invariant ring with respect to a product of alternating groups. In this paper we define such an algebra, denoted A ( gl n ) , and show that it is a Galois ring. For n = 2 , we show that it is a generalized Weyl algebra, and for n = 3 provide generators and a list of verified relations. We also discuss some techniques to construct Galois orders from Galois rings. Additionally, we study categories of finite-dimensional modules and generic Gelfand-Tsetlin modules over A ( gl n ) . Finally, we discuss connections between the Gelfand-Kirillov Conjecture, A ( gl n ) , and the positive solution to Noether's problem for the alternating group.
The Re-Establishment of Pileated Woodpeckers in New York City Following Nearly Two Centuries of Extirpation

Dryocopus pileatus (Pileated Woodpecker) is an endemic North American woodpecker that, following widespread declines during the mid-to-late 19th century, rebounded and has become relatively common resident throughout its range. In New York City, Pileated Woodpeckers were breeding residents until the early to mid-1800s, but were extirpated due to the city's rapid urbanization. Since the 1930s, however, the number of reports of Pileated Woodpeckers has increased dramatically in the area. Here we document the re-establishment of Pileated Woodpeckers in New York City within 2 old-growth greenspaces on Staten Island from 2015 to 2019. We further describe and validate a previously unpublished breeding attempt on Staten Island from 1989. The establishment of Pileated Woodpeckers in New York City is reflective of their ongoing colonization of urban and suburban areas throughout North America, and highlights the importance of unfragmented greenspaces within urban and suburban areas.
Hexapod External Fixation for Fractures and Nonunions

The technique of circular external fixation has been widely applied to treat an array of orthopaedic pathologies, including acute fractures and fracture nonunions. The evolution of this technology has led to many exciting new applications and designs: the hexapod—a highly sophisticated frame with six adjustable struts attached to rings that relies on the principle of projective geometry. The hexapods are currently used in acute fracture management and several indications for the use in complex clinical scenarios (open fractures, bone deficiencies, difficult fracture reductions and soft-tissue deficits) do exist. Furthermore, a key role for hexapods is in fracture nonunion management: hypertrophic, atrophic and infected nonunions all have very diverse aetiologies but all may be effectively managed with the hexapod frame. We present a number of complex cases that were treated surgically by the Limb Lengthening and Complex Reconstruction Service in our institution. The wide variation of challenging scenarios that may be treated effectively with the hexapod frame demonstrates the versatility and efficacy of this technology in current orthopaedic practice.
Storyline Units: An Instructional Model to Support Coherence from the Students’ Perspective

The vision of the Framework and NGSS requires important shifts in teaching approaches and instructional materials. We argue that this commitment to engaging learners in meaningful practice and supp...
Case Report: Five-Year Experience of AKT Inhibition with Miransertib (MK-7075) in an Individual with Proteus Syndrome.

Proteus syndrome is a rare overgrowth disorder caused by postzygotic activating variants in AKT1. Individuals may develop a range of skin, bone, and soft tissue overgrowth leading to functional impairment and disfigurement. Therapy for this disorder is limited to supportive care and surgical intervention. Inhibitors of AKT, originally designed as cancer therapeutics, are a rational, targeted pharmacologic strategy to mitigate the devastating morbidity of Proteus syndrome. We present the five-year follow up of an 18-year-old male with Proteus syndrome treated with miransertib (MK-7075), an oral pan-AKT inhibitor. At completion of a planned 48-week phase 1 pharmacodynamic study, the individual derived sufficient benefit that the study was amended to permit continued use and assess the long-term safety of miransertib. The treatment has been well tolerated with mild treatment-attributed side effects including headache, transient hyperglycemia, and transient elevations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and bilirubin. He has experienced sustained improvement of pain and slowed growth of bilateral plantar cerebriform connective tissue nevi. This case report supplements the data from our prior study extending those findings out to five years. It shows that at the doses used, miransertib has a favorable safety profile and durable benefit of improving symptoms of pain and slowing progression of overgrowth in Proteus syndrome in a single individual. While an uncontrolled single report cannot prove safety or efficacy, these data lend support to the encouraging preliminary data of our prior phase 1 pharmacodynamic study.
The biology of the imported willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting)

The observations on the imported willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora, reported in this paper summarize approximately ten years (1978–1988) of experimental laboratory and field studies investigating its life history and larval biology. In this review, some emphasis will be placed on cycloalexy (Jolivet et al., 1990) as a mechanism of group defense and on laboratory studies of larval growth and feeding efficiency on different species of host plant in the absence of predators. Promising directions for future investigations with this and related species will also be suggested.
An Overview of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Subsonic Fixed Wing Project and Ultra High Bypass Partnership Research Goals

An overview of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program (FAP) mission and goals is presented. One of the subprograms under the FAP, the Subsonic Fixed Wing Project (SFW), is the focus of the presentation. The SFW system environmental metrics are discussed, along with highlights of planned, systematic approach to research to reduce the environmental impact of commercial aircraft in the areas of acoustics, fuel burn and emissions. The presentation then focuses on collaborative research being conducted with U.S. Industry on the Ultra High Bypass (UHB) engine cycle, the propulsion cycle selected by the SFW to meet the system goals. The partnerships with General Electric Aviation to investigate Open Rotor propulsion concepts and with Pratt & Whitney to investigate the Geared Turbofan UHB engine are highlighted, including current and planned future collaborative research activities with NASA and each organization.
The Calibration and Use of Net Radiometers1

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some basic aspects of net radiometers and techniques for using them. It discusses calibration techniques, basic considerations of data acquisition, and methods of modifying net radiometers for a variety of different applications. The primary component of a net radiometer is a thermal transducer or thermopile. Two different approaches are used to minimize or equalize convection effects from its upper and lower surfaces; these are to ventilate both surfaces equally or to shield them with transparent domes. The chapter describes the most common method for calibrating net radiometers—that is, the occulting technique or shading technique . Bet radiometers are calibrated for sensitivity to short-wave radiation by simple shading techniques employing standard solarimeters for comparison. Long-wave calibrations are obtained either from special calibration chambers or from a simple flat-plate technique. The chapter indicates that popular polyethylene-shielded net radiometers have comparable sensitivities for both short- and long-wave radiation. Height placement of net radiometers is dependent upon the homogeneity of the underlying surface and its temperature relative to that of ambient air.
Sparse Hensel Lifting

A new algorithm is introduced which computes the multivariate leading coefficients of polynomial factors from their univariate images. This algorithm is incorporated into a sparse Hensel lifting scheme and only requires the factorization of a single univariate image. The algorithm also provides the content of the input polynomial in the main variable as a by-product. We show how we can take advantage of this property when computing the GCD of multivariate polynomials by sparse Hensel lifting.
Correcting for the Ewald Sphere in High-Resolution Single-Particle Reconstructions

To avoid the challenges of crystallization and the size limitations of NMR, it has long been hoped that single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) would eventually yield atomically interpretable reconstructions. For the most favorable class of specimens (large icosahedral viruses), one of the key obstacles is curvature of the Ewald sphere, which leads to a breakdown of the Projection Theorem used by conventional three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction programs. Here, we review the basic problem and our implementation of the “paraboloid” reconstruction method, which overcomes the limitation by averaging information from images recorded from different points of view.
Blind Dates and Mate Preferences: An Analysis of Newspaper Matchmaking Columns:

Parental investment theory and sexual strategies theory predict that women and men should differ on many of the criteria by which they choose mates. These theories posit a gender selectivity effect, such that women should be more selective than men in their mating choices. The theories also posit an age differential effect, such that women should seek older mates, and men should seek younger mates. These two hypotheses have been supported by self-report surveys, speed-dating studies, analysis of on-line and newspaper personal ads, and laboratory analog studies. However, each of these data sources has limitations. Therefore, a new source of data may provide a valuable additional test of the robustness of these effects. The current study examined two independent sources of data involving blind dates arranged and paid for by newspapers. Consistent with the first hypothesis, we found women to be more selective than men. We also found that matchmakers tended to pair older men with younger women, consistent wit...