cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Naturally occurring point mutation in the C terminus of the polymerase gene prevents duck hepatitis B virus RNA packaging

A duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) genome cloned from a domestic duck from the People's Republic of China has been sequenced and exhibits no variation in sequences known to be important in viral replication or generation of gene products. Intrahepatic transfection of a dimer of this viral genome into ducklings did not result in viremia or any sign of virus infection, indicating that the genome was defective. Functional analysis of this mutant genome, performed by transfecting the DNA into a chicken hepatoma cell line capable of replicating wild-type virus, indicated that viral RNA is not encapsidated. However, virus core protein is made and can assemble into particles in the absence of encapsidation of viral nucleic acid. Using genetic approaches, it was determined that a change of cysteine to tyrosine in position 711 in the polymerase (P) gene C terminus led to this RNA-packaging defect. By site-directed mutagenesis, it was found that while substitution of Cys-711 with tryptophan also abolished packaging, substitution with methionine did not affect packaging or viral replication. Therefore, Cys-711, which is conserved in all published sequences of DHBV, may not be involved in a disulfide bridge structure essential to viral RNA packaging or replication. Our results, showing that a missense mutation in the region of the DHBV polymerase protein thought to be primarily the RNase H domain results in packaging deficiency, support the previous findings that multiple regions of the complex hepadnaviral polymerase protein may be required for viral RNA packaging.
Undergraduate Research Experiences Support Science Career Decisions and Active Learning

The present study examined the reliability of student evaluations of summer undergraduate research experiences using the SURE (Survey of Undergraduate Research Experiences) and a follow-up survey disseminated 9 mo later. The survey further examines the hypothesis that undergraduate research enhances the educational experience of science undergraduates, attracts and retains talented students to careers in science, and acts as a pathway for minority students into science careers. Undergraduates participated in an online survey on the benefits of undergraduate research experiences. Participants indicated gains on 20 potential benefits and reported on career plans. Most of the participants began or continued to plan for postgraduate education in the sciences. A small group of students who discontinued their plans for postgraduate science education reported significantly lower gains than continuing students. Women and men reported similar levels of benefits and similar patterns of career plans. Undergraduate researchers from underrepresented groups reported higher learning gains than comparison students. The results replicated previously reported data from this survey. The follow-up survey indicated that students reported gains in independence, intrinsic motivation to learn, and active participation in courses taken after the summer undergraduate research experience.
Thermal Effects on the Pin-Bearing Behavior of IM7/PETI5 Composite Joints

Thermal effects on the pin-bearing behavior of an IM7/PETI5 composite laminate are studied comprehensively within this paper. Pin-bearing tests of several lay-ups at the operating temperatures of −129, 21, and 177°C are conducted to generate data on the effect of temperature changes on the pin-bearing behavior of the IM7/PETI5 material. A unique computational study investigating the factors influencing pin-bearing strength is performed for the [90,0]8s lay-up. A detailed three-dimensional finite element model is developed including the modeling of resin layers between plies in the laminate with a pin hole. Using a previously established technique, the pin-bearing problem was modeled assuming a rigid frictionless pin and restraining only radial displacements at the hole boundary. An original three-dimensional solution, where thermal residual stresses were combined with the state of stress due to pin-bearing loads was evaluated. The presence of thermal residual stresses were observed to intensify the interl...
Conditions for simultaneous achievement of local and global feedback objectives with multiple controllers

This paper examines the feedback properties of a decentralized large scale feedback system. It is assumed that each controller is designed using a local model of the system to achieve its individual feedback objectives. The effect of the local objectives on the properties of the overall closed loop system are examined.
Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract The goals of this work were to: (1) determine the prevalence of clinically significant obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), (2) characterize the differences in self-reported OC symptoms in patients with TLE and a normative control group, and (3) compare the severity of OC symptoms in right and left hemisphere TLE patients. Patients with TLE (n=30) were administered the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (OCI). As a group, patients with TLE had a higher prevalence of OC symptoms than the nonpatient normative sample. In addition, TLE patients exhibited elevated scores on all but 3 of the 16 OCI scales and subscales. There were no reliable differences in OC symptoms in patients with right versus left hemisphere seizure foci, although the right hemisphere patients tended to score higher on both scales of the OCI.
An information retrieval model for coordination systems based on fuzzy proximity networks

The design of a computational model for information retrieval that provides coordination services for collaborative agents is described. Requirements resulting from recent technological developments are identified. Coordination problems in terms of information retrieval are defined. Limitations of previous models based on fuzzy sets are discussed to justify the need for a new approach. The results of psychological experiments are applied to making design decisions so that the proposed system simulates human behavior. The design framework comprising fuzzy proximity networks and typicality measurement algorithms, is described in detail. It is shown how the system takes users personal profiles into consideration when processing their queries. Learning algorithms to update the networks and to construct a keyword hierarchy automatically are suggested. >
Muddying The Multiword Expression Waters: How Cognitive Demand Affects Multiword Expression Production

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are vexing for linguists, psycholinguists and computational linguists, as they are hard to define, detect and parse. However, previous studies have not taken into account the cognitive constraints under which MWEs are produced or comprehended. We present a new modality for studying MWEs, keystroke dynamics. We ask subjects to respond to a variety of questions, varying in the level of cognitive demand required to generate an answer. In each response, a subject’s pause time preceding each word ‐ within and outside an MWE ‐ can illuminate distinct differences in required effort across tasks. By taking advantage of high-precision keystroke loggers, we show that MWEs produced under greater cognitive demands are produced more slowly, at a rate more similar to free expressions. We hypothesize that increasingly burdensome cognitive demands diminish the capacity of lexical retrieval, and cause MWE production to slow.
Drosophila Ctf4 is essential for efficient DNA replication and normal cell cycle progression

Proper coordination of the functions at the DNA replication fork is vital to the normal functioning of a cell. Specifically the precise coordination of helicase and polymerase activity is crucial for efficient passage though S phase. The Ctf4 protein has been shown to be a central member of the replication fork and links the replicative MCM helicase and DNA polymerase α primase. In addition, it has been implicated as a member of a complex that promotes replication fork stability, the Fork Protection Complex (FPC), and as being important for sister chromatid cohesion. As such, understanding the role of Ctf4 within the context of a multicellular organism will be integral to our understanding of its potential role in developmental and disease processes. We find that Drosophila Ctf4 is a conserved protein that interacts with members of the GINS complex, Mcm2, and Polymerase α primase. Using in vivo RNAi knockdown of CTF4 in Drosophila we show that Ctf4 is required for viability, S phase progression, sister chromatid cohesion, endoreplication, and coping with replication stress. Ctf4 remains a central player in DNA replication. Our findings are consistent with what has been previously reported for CTF4 function in yeast, Xenopus extracts, and human tissue culture. We show that Ctf4 function is conserved and that Drosophila can be effectively used as a model to further probe the precise function of Ctf4 as a member of the replication fork and possible roles in development.
Use of Remote Sensing for Monitoring Climate Variability for Integrated Early Warning Systems: Applications for Human Diseases and Desert Locust Management

A number of the major human infectious diseases (like malaria and dengue) and Desert Locusts that still plague the developing world are sensitive to inter-seasonal and inter-decadal changes in environment and climate. Monitoring variations in environmental conditions such as rainfall and vegetation helps decision-makers at Ministries of Agriculture and Ministries of Health to assess the risk levels of Desert Locust outbreaks or malaria epidemics. The International research institute for climate and society (IRI) has developed products based on remotely sensed data to monitor those changes and provide the information directly to the decision-makers. This paper presents recent developments which use remote sensing to monitor climate variability, environmental conditions and their impacts on the dynamics of infectious diseases (malaria) and Desert Locust outbreaks.
Differential serialization for optimized SOAP performance

The SOAP protocol has emerged as a Web Service communication standard, providing simplicity, robustness, and extensibility. SOAP's relatively poor performance threatens to limit its usefulness, especially for high-performance scientific applications. The serialization of outgoing messages, which includes conversion of in-memory data types to XML-based string format and the packing of this data into message buffers, is a primary SOAP performance bottleneck. We describe the design and implementation of differential serialization, a SOAP optimization technique that can help bypass the serialization step for messages similar to those previously sent by a SOAP client or previously returned by a SOAP-based Web Service. The approach requires no changes to the SOAP protocol. Our implementation and performance study demonstrate the technique *s potential, showing a substantial performance improvement over widely used SOAP toolkits that do not employ the optimization. We identify several factors that determine the usefulness and applicability of differential serialization, present a set of techniques for increasing the situations in which it can be used, and explore the design space of the approach.
Habitat use and the effect of shrimp trawling on fish and invertebrate communities over the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf

The goals of this study were to characterize habitat-specific fish and invertebrate community structure over sand, shell-rubble, and natural reef substrata, and to assess the effects of trawling on the sand and shell-rubble habitats and their associated communities during quarterly trawl surveys over a 2-year period. Fish and invertebrate communities differed significantly among habitat types [analysis of similarities (ANOSIM); Global R ¼ 0.436, p , 0.001), and with respect to trawling exposure (ANOSIM; Global R ¼ 0.128, p , 0.001). Habitat characteristics were quantified from video transects sampled with a remotely operated vehicle, and included percentage coverage of tubeworms, bryozoans, anemones, corals, and algae, significantly affecting fish community structure. Diversity indices differed among habitats, with the highest Shannon diversity (H 0 ) and Pielou’s evenness (J 0 ) over shell-rubble, specifically non-trawled shell-rubble. In addition, higher values of H 0 and J 0 were found over trawled sand relative to non-trawled sand habitats. Length frequency distributions of several abundant fish species showed truncated size distributions over trawled and non-trawled habitats and were both habitat- and species-specific. The study describes habitat-specific differences in community structure, highlighting the differences between trawled and non-trawled areas on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf.
A note on state-space decomposition methods for analyzing stochastic flow networks

Consider a flow network with single source s and single sink t with demand d>0. Assume that the nodes do not restrict flow transmission and the arcs have finite random discrete capacities. This paper has two objectives: (1) it corrects errors in well-known algorithms by Doulliez and Jamoulle (1972) for (a) computing the probability that the demand is satisfied (or network reliability), (b) the probability that an arc belongs to a minimum cut which limits the flow below d, and (c) the probability that a cut limits the flow below d; and (2) it discusses the applicability of these procedures. The Doulliez and Jamoulle algorithms are frequently referenced or used by researchers in the areas of power and communication systems and appear to be very effective for the computation of the network reliability when the demand is close to the largest possible maximum flow value. Extensive testing is required before the Doulliez and Jamoulle algorithms are disposed in favor of alternative approaches. Such testing should compare the performance of existing methods in a variety of networks including grid networks and dense networks of various sizes. >
Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Polyfunctionality, Proliferation, and Cytotoxicity Are Not Restored by Antiretroviral Therapy

Identifying the functions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8+ T cells that are not merely modulated by the level of virus but clearly distinguish patients with immune control from those without such control is of paramount importance. Features of the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell response in antiretroviral-treated patients (designated Rx <50) and untreated patients (long-term nonprogressors [LTNP]) matched for very low HIV RNA levels were comprehensively examined. The proliferative capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells was not restored in Rx <50 to the level observed in LTNP, even though HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell proliferation in the two patient groups was comparable. This diminished HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation in Rx <50 was primarily due to a smaller fraction of antigen-specific cells recruited to divide and not to the numbers of divisions that proliferating cells had undergone. Exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced proliferating cells to divide further but did not rescue the majority of antigen-specific cells with defective proliferation. In addition, differences in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation could not be attributed to differences in cellular subsets bearing a memory phenotype, IL-2 production, or PD-1 expression. Although polyfunctionality of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in Rx <50 was not restored to the levels observed in LTNP despite prolonged suppression of HIV RNA levels, per-cell cytotoxic capacity was the functional feature that most clearly distinguished the cells of LTNP from those of Rx <50. Taken together, these data suggest that there are selective qualitative abnormalities within the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell compartment that persist under conditions of low levels of antigen.
Making multimedia meeting records more meaningful

Meetings contain a large amount of rich project information that is often not documented. Capturing audio and video of a meeting can provide a comprehensive meeting record. However, finding detailed information in that record can be challenging because there is no structural information other than time to help the user navigate. This paper surveys various ways of creating indices into meeting records and introduces the notion of creating indices based upon user interaction with domain-specific artifacts. As an example, we present a prototype system that uses general team artifacts to provide meaningful pointers into the meeting record.
Econophysics: finance, economics and physics

This article examines the new science of ‘econophysics’ that utilizes physics models to explain economic and financial behaviour. First neologized in 1995, this innovative research methodology combines non-linear models, scaling laws, statistical mechanics and the Cauchy and Levy distributions to explain economic and financial behaviour more robustly than traditional economic and financial tools, which predominantly utilize linear models and Gaussian distributions. The conclusion of this article is that economics and finance will eventually absorb the powerful tools of econophysics as they continue to evolve as dominant social sciences.
Chronic Kidney Disease—The Promise and the Perils

In recent weeks I had the pleasure of participating in three meetings devoted to the general topic of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The first, a satellite symposium of the World Congress of Nephrology, was titled “The Cardiovascular System in Chronic Kidney Disease” and was held in Buzios,
An initial investigation on evaluating semantic web instance data

Many emerging semantic web applications include ontologies from one set of authors and instance data from another (often much larger) set of authors. Often ontologies are reused and instance data is integrated in manners unanticipated by their authors. Not surprisingly, many instance data rich applications encounter instance data that is not compatible with the expectations of the original ontology author(s). This line of work focuses on issues related to semantic expectation mismatches in instance data. Our initial results include a customizable and extensible service-oriented evaluation architecture, and a domain implementation called PmlValidator, which checks instance data using the corresponding ontologies and additional style requirements.
Analysis of frequency selective surfaces through the blazing onset using rational Krylov model-order reduction and Woodbury singularity extraction

Rational Krylov model-order reduction techniques are used to accelerate the characterization of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) over broad spectral ranges, including frequencies at which a higher order Floquet mode stops evanescing and begins to propagate. The procedure comprises three main stages: (1) construction of the spectral Galerkin system at a small set of frequencies, (2) linearization of that system, and (3) reduction of the linearized system using the rational Krylov technique. The inclusion of blazing frequencies in the band of interest complicates the second and third of these steps because of the branch point singularity in the periodic Green's function. This difficulty is avoided by removing the blazing modes contributions to the spectral Galerkin matrix using the Woodbury formula for low-rank updates. The algorithm results in a set of small linear systems producing outputs that are combined to approximate the reflection and transmission coefficients of all propagating modes. The technique is applied to three different frequency selective surfaces and is shown to be accurate and efficient in all cases.
CLASS A MODELING OF OCEAN ACOUSTIC NOISE PROCESSES

Previous work has shown that some ocean acoustic noise processes can be represented as Class A noise. Likelihood ratio and threshold detectors have been developed to detect signals in the presence of Class A noise. The performance of these detectors is significantly affected by the accuracy with which the parameters of the Class A noise can be estimated. This paper presents two methods of estimating the Class A parameters, a minimum distance method and a maximum likelihood method. These methods are compared to a previously developed method using estimates of the moments of the noise process and are generally found to be superior estimators.
“Victim Refuses to Cooperate”: A Focal Concerns Analysis of Victim Cooperation in Sexual Assault Cases

AbstractResearch suggests that victim cooperation is a strong predictor of arrest and prosecution in sexual assault cases. Relatively little research has focused on identifying the factors that shape the decision to cooperate and the research that does exist is largely atheoretical. We address these gaps by examining victim cooperation using a revised version of the focal concerns perspective. We use data on cases reported to law enforcement agencies in Los Angeles to estimate models using factors situated within three victim focal concerns—crime seriousness, costs of cooperation, and likelihood of conviction—for three stages of the case process. We supplement these results with qualitative data from police reports regarding the reasons why victims refused to cooperate. The findings of this study provide initial support for the theoretical development of victim cooperation using the focal concerns perspective and provide potential guidance to criminal justice practitioners on how to increase victim cooper...
Racial/Ethnic Specific Trends in Pediatric Firearm-Related Hospitalizations in the United States, 1998–2011

Objectives To determine the temporal patterns and the difference in trends by race/ethnicity of pediatric firearm hospitalizations (FH) among those aged 15 years or younger in the United States. Methods Data on pediatric FH was retrieved from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 1998 and 2011 (n = 16,998,470) using external cause of injury codes (E-codes) of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical modification, (assault: E9650-E9654, unintentional: E9220-E9224, E9228, and E9229, suicide: E9550-E9554, E9556, and E9559, undetermined: E9850-E9854, and E9856 and legal: E970). Meta-regression was used to determine the significance of temporal trends. Survey logistic regression adjusted for survey year was used to examine association of pediatric FH with social and demographic characteristics. Results An annual reduction of 1.07 per 100,000 hospitalizations (p-trend = 0.011) was observed between 1998 and 2011. There was reduction in rate of unintentional-FH (p-trend = 0.013), suicide-FH (p-trend = 0.029), and undetermined-FH (p-trend = 0.002), but not assault-FH (p-trend = 0.18). A decline in rates of FH was observed among whites (p-trend = 0.021) and Hispanics (p-trend = 0.03) while an increase in rates of assault-FH was observed among black children. All other intents and all other racial/ethnic groups showed declining rates during this interval. Conclusions There was an overall decline in rates of pediatric FHs in this time period driven by a decline in unintentional-FHs. However there was an increase in assault FH among black children during this same time period.
RELATION OF BIRTH ORDER TO MORALITY TYPES AND ATTITUDES TOWARD THE POOR

46 men and 42 women of college age received 6 statements representing each S's own highest scales on the Personality Research Form and MMPI and randomly selected items. The ranks given items showed...
Properties and ATRP Activity of Copper Complexes with Substituted Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine-Based Ligands

Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical studies, and ATRP activity of a series of novel copper(I and II) complexes with TPMA-based ligands containing 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-substituted pyridine arms were reported. In the solid state, CuI(TPMA*1)Br, CuI(TPMA*2)Br, and CuI(TPMA*3)Br complexes were found to be distorted tetrahedral in geometry and contained coordinated bromide anions. Pseudo-coordination of the aliphatic nitrogen atom to the copper(I) center was observed in CuI(TPMA*2)Br and CuI(TPMA*3)Br complexes, whereas pyridine arm dissociation occurred in CuI(TPMA*1)Br. All copper(I) complexes with substituted TPMA ligands exhibited a high degree of fluxionality in solution. At low temperature, CuI(TPMA*1)Br was found to be symmetrical and monomeric, while dissociation of either unsubstituted pyridine and/or 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-substituted pyridine arms was observed in CuI(TPMA*2)Br and CuI(TPMA*3)Br. On the other hand, the geometry of the copper(II) complexes in the solid state deviated from i...
Fungal Community Expression in Lagomorph Versus Ruminant Feces

A separately caged rabbit and a sheep were fed baled alfalfa hay from a field in northwestern Pennsylvania in order to estimate the importance of different herbivore digestive systems (i.e., lagomorph versus ruminant) in determining species composition and species-frequency distributions of the resultant coprophilous fungal communities. Samples of freshly collected dung from each animal were incubated (40 da) in laboratory moist chambers and dung surfaces were periodically examined for the presence of fungal sporocarps. Number of species and frequency of occurrence of loculoascomycetes and pyrenomycetes were significantly greater on rabbit feces, while discomycetes were recorded at higher frequencies on sheep feces. It was not determined whether fungal distribution patterns result from the selective effects of digestive systems on spore populations during gut passage or from differences in competitive abilities of fungi in lagomorph and ruminant feces.
Two new species of Leptotrombidium (Acari: Actinedida: Trombiculidae), probable vectors of scrub typhus in Thailand

Two new species, Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) harrisoni and L. (L.) andrei , collected from black, plates in secondary forest, Chiang Mai Province, North Thailand, are described and illustrated. Both species were positive for Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and are suspected vectors of scrub typhus to man in northern Thailand.
Estimation of adipose compartment volumes in CT images of a mastectomy specimen

Anthropomorphic software breast phantoms have been utilized for preclinical quantitative validation of breast imaging systems. Efficacy of the simulation-based validation depends on the realism of phantom images. Anatomical measurements of the breast tissue, such as the size and distribution of adipose compartments or the thickness of Cooper’s ligaments, are essential for the realistic simulation of breast anatomy. Such measurements are, however, not readily available in the literature. In this study, we assessed the statistics of adipose compartments as visualized in CT images of a total mastectomy specimen. The specimen was preserved in formalin, and imaged using a standard body CT protocol and high X-ray dose. A human operator manually segmented adipose compartments in reconstructed CT images using ITK-SNAP software, and calculated the volume of each compartment. In addition, the time needed for the manual segmentation and the operator’s confidence were recorded. The average volume, standard deviation, and the probability distribution of compartment volumes were estimated from 205 segmented adipose compartments. We also estimated the potential correlation between the segmentation time, operator’s confidence, and compartment volume. The statistical tests indicated that the estimated compartment volumes do not follow the normal distribution. The compartment volumes are found to be correlated with the segmentation time; no significant correlation between the volume and the operator confidence. The performed study is limited by the mastectomy specimen position. The analysis of compartment volumes will better inform development of more realistic breast anatomy simulation.
Bottom-Up Assembly of Ni2P Nanoparticles into Three-Dimensional Architectures: An Alternative Mechanism for Phosphide Gelation

The synthesis of Ni2P nanoparticle three-dimensional architectures using two different approaches is reported. The oxidation-induced sol–gel method involves chemical oxidation of surface phosphorus to form P–O–P linkages between particles in the gel network, similar to the mechanism originally reported for InP nanoparticles. The second method, metal-assisted gelation, occurs by cross-linking of pendant carboxylate functionalities on surface-bound thiolate ligands via metal ions to yield an interconnected particle network. The method of gel network formation can be tuned by changing the surface ligand terminal functionalities and the nature (oxygen-transferring or non-oxygen-transferring) of the oxidant. Both methods produce porous, high surface area materials with thermal stabilities above 400 °C.
On the Latest Development of the Study on Shared Mental Models

Shared mental models has been studied for almost twenty years.The paper is intended to point out both the defects of the shared mental models and its outlooks in the future through studiyng the theories and the actual cases.
An empirical analysis of ecological footprint of Bohai Sea economic region

Applying the ecological footprint theory,the status of sustainable development of Bohai Sea economic region from 1996 to 2005 was analyzed.The results showed: the developments of the three provinces and two cities were at the state of ecological deficit during this period,especially the deficit of the energy footprint was the biggest and the ecological deficit was extending gradually.The product footprint of three provinces had surplus compared with the ecological footprint,the surplus of arable land was the biggest.There were differences and complementarities among three provinces and two cities about the resources and industrial structure.The countermeasures about how to cooperation,to take use of resource each other,to optimize the industries among three provinces and two cities based on this were put forward.
Classification identification of tool shape based on AdaBoost and Krawtchouk moments

According to the feature of tool recognition,taking Krawtchouk moments as the tool shape feature vectors,AdaBoost algorithm has been used to design tool classifier,and the classification identification and detection have been carried out.The experimental verifies the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm,which plays an important part in tracking the tool information in tool lifelong cycle management.
FPGA-accelerated group-by aggregation using synchronizing caches

Recent trends in hardware have dramatically dropped the price of RAM and shifted focus from systems operating on disk-resident data to in-memory solutions. In this environment high memory access latency, also known as memory wall, becomes the biggest data processing bottleneck. Traditional CPU-based architectures solved this problem by introducing large cache hierarchies. However algorithms which experience poor locality can limit the benefits of caching. In turn, hardware multithreading provides a generic solution that does not rely on algorithm-specific locality properties.In this paper we present an FPGA-accelerated implementation of in-memory group-by hash aggregation. Our design relies on hardware multithreading to efficiently mask long memory access latency by implementing a custom operation datapath on FPGA. We propose using CAMs (Content Addressable Memories) as a mechanism of synchronization and local pre-aggregation. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work, which uses CAMs as a synchronizing cache. We evaluate aggregation throughput against the state-of-the-art multithreaded software implementations and demonstrate that the FPGA-accelerated approach significantly outperforms them on large grouping key cardinalities and yields speedup up to 10x.
Anomalous Nodulation of Subterranean Clover by Rhizobium Leguminosarum 1020

Some naturally occurring strains of pea-nodulating rhizobia, e.g. Rhizobium leguminosarum 1020, also nodulate subterranean clover (Hepper 1978; Hepper,Lee 1979). The purpose of this work was to determine if R. leguminosarum 1020 is a pure culture capable of nodulating both peas and subterranean clover and how this anomalous nodulation process differs from normal clover nodulation by R. trifolii 0403.
Girls’ and Women’s Preferred Methods of Coping with Gender Bias in STEM

Although gender bias is likely to present challenges for some girls and women in STEM fields, little is known about the coping methods that girls and women prefer to utilize when confronted with such bias. This merits additional study, given that coping responses have been linked to career-related outcomes. Hence, the current research was designed to examine the extent to which girls and women endorse various coping strategies in response to gender bias in STEM. Predictors of active versus passive coping strategies were also assessed. Participants included 328 girls and women who aspired to obtain STEM degrees. They were presented with a vignette describing gender bias that occurred within a STEM context. After seeing the vignette, participants rated their likelihood of utilizing eight forms of active and passive coping. Results indicated that active coping strategies (e.g., seeking support) were preferred to passive coping strategies (e.g., denial). Results also showed that coping varied on the basis of participant background characteristics, features of the educational context, and STEM-related beliefs. For instance, participants who were Asian American, Latina, or low in STEM value were especially likely to endorse passive coping strategies. Discussion focuses on implications for coping research and intervention. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
The Role of Decision Style in Selecting Marketing Managers: A Comparison of Peruvian and U.S. Styles

This study attempts to evaluate the Managerial Decision Style of U.S. and Peruvian managers. This effort was undertaken to try to understand the effect of decision style on, especially, marketing managers. This understanding was felt to be vital in two particular situations: 1) the selection of marketing managers out of in-house marketing staff in specific situations in Latin American countries, and 2) as a basis for evaluating teaching situations in executive MBA programs.
Creating a Quality Improvement System for an Integrated Care (IC) Program: The Why, What, and How to Measure

The landscape of the healthcare system in the USA is rapidly changing. With seminal reports from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), like Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) and Improving the Quality of Health Care for Mental and Substance-Use Conditions (2006), and the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the basic ideas of what quality care is, how to obtain it, and how to lower overall healthcare spending have become the major foci. Variables identified in the IOM reports as barriers to quality of care have become central to improving quality of care and centerpieces to the ACA. These variables include:
Molecular drivers of mitochondrial membrane proliferation in response to cold acclimation in threespine stickleback

Little is known about how the synthesis of mitochondrial phospholipids is integrated into mitochondrial biogenesis in fish or mammals. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT; EC 2.3.1.15) catalyzes the addition of fatty acyl CoA to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, in what is considered the rate-limiting step in phospholipid biosynthesis. Previous studies have shown that mitochondrial volume density increases in oxidative skeletal muscle but not liver of Gasterosteus aculeatus (threespine stickleback) in response to cold acclimation. We hypothesized that maximal activity of GPAT would increase in oxidative skeletal muscle but not liver during cold acclimation, coinciding with mitochondrial biogenesis. GPAT activity was measured in liver and oxidative skeletal (pectoral adductor) muscle of threespine stickleback acclimated to 8°C or 20°C. In addition, mRNA levels of enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis, including cytidine diphosphodiacylglycerol synthase-1 (CDS1), CDS2, GPAT1, GPAT2 and 1-acylglycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase-2 (AGPAT2), were quantified in liver and pectoral muscle of stickleback harvested during cold acclimation. GPAT activity and transcript levels of AGPAT2 increased in response to cold acclimation in pectoral muscle but not liver. Transcript levels of GPAT1 increased in liver but not pectoral muscle. Overall our results suggest that the activity of GPAT, and possibly AGPAT as well, increase during cold acclimation and may contribute to mitochondrial phospholipid biosynthesis required for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Humans of New York and ethical reflections in the digital age

The massive global success of the Humans of New York blog presents a view of the world which transcends our individual differences and allows a feeling of universal human connection. Yet, this feel...
PearlAnn Reichwein, Climber's Paradise: Making Canada's Mountain Parks, 1906–1974

In 1936, Prime Minister Mackenzie King declared in Parliament that while “some countries have too much history, Canada has too much geography.” Although his statement referred to the difficulties o...
Relationship Between Gauge Field Theories and Dual Resonance Models

The relationship between gauge field theories and dual resonance models is really understood only in certain special limits, but with the passage of time more and more linkages between the two theories are discovered and it seems inevitable that a fuller understanding of this relationship will play a central role in future developments, especially of strong interaction theory. I have been unable to find any systematic discussion of the relationship in the literature; the object here is to list the connections that we understand and are well established, and to indicate those questions which are most likely to be fruitful to pursue further.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering in whispering gallery mode microresonators

In this talk I will discuss surface enhanced Raman scattering in silica microsphere resonators based on whispering gallery mode resonance. Recently silica microspheres have attracted attention as a novel substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Whispering gallery mode resonance has been identified as a major enhancement mechanism, along with other effects such as photonic nanojets. In most of the previous experiments, however, free space pumping of the microsphere has been used, which has low efficiency in coupling to the whispering gallery modes. In our approach, we use a tapered fiber coupler for a highly efficient coupling to the whispering gallery modes. Coupling to the microresonator is monitored using a tunable laser. We observe both pump enhancement and Purcell enhancement in the microresonator. Since the linewidth of the whispering gallery modes is much smaller than that of the Raman peaks, sharp peaks corresponding to the whispering gallery modes are overlaid on top of the Raman spectrum of the bulk material. To demonstrate the system’s potential for Raman analysis, I will present the whispering gallery mode surface enhanced Raman spectrum of rhodamine 6G thin film coated on a microsphere resonator.
Motion and the affection argument

In the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, Kant presents an argument for the centrality of to our concept . This argument has long been considered either irredeemably obscure or otherwise defective. In this paper I provide an interpretation which defends the argument’s validity and clarifies the sense in which it aims to show that is fundamental to our conception of matter.
Chest reconstructive surgeries in transmasculine youth: Experience from one pediatric center

Background: For many trans males, having chest reconstruction is a very important part of the transitioning process. Guidelines from WPATH and the Endocrine Society suggest 16 to 18 years old as an...
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Interventions to Enhance Occupational Performance for Adults With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Major Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions designed to establish, modify, and maintain occupations for adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurocognitive disorders. Method Titles and abstracts of 2,597 articles were reviewed, of which 256 were retrieved for full review and 52 met inclusion criteria. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force levels of certainty and grade definitions were used to describe the strength of evidence. Results Articles were categorized into five themes: occupation-based, sleep, cognitive, physical exercise, and multicomponent interventions. Strong evidence supports the benefits of occupation-based interventions, physical exercise, and error-reduction learning. Conclusion Occupational therapy practitioners should integrate daily occupations, physical exercise, and error-reduction techniques into the daily routine of adults with AD to enhance occupational performance and delay functional decline. Future research should focus on establishing consensus on types and dosage of exercise and cognitive interventions.
THE STABILITY OF LINEAR MAPPINGS AND SOME PROBLEMS ON ISOMETRIES

In this lecture, I will try to give a brief account of some of the main entries of development (with a few new research problems) in the very active subjects of the stability of linear mappings in Banach spaces and isometries between metric spaces.
Biomedical Ethics and the Law: A Critical Perspective

This essay critically reviews the theory of biomedical ethics from a law-and-economics perspective. It suggests that the best direction for society is toward greater reliance on property rights and recognized spheres of autonomy, coupled with freedom of contract within specified limits; and that as a result, the role of the biomedical ethicist should be diminished over time rather than enhanced. I consider applications to the duty of beneficence and commerce in body parts.
Extremophiles: Hot Environments

Geothermally heated fluids circulate through vast portions of the Earth’s crust and support thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms. The DNA of hyperthermophiles remains stable due to the actions of a reverse gyrase, DNA-binding proteins, and a highly effective DNA repair mechanism. Protein stability is due to increased rigidity produced by a combination of structural factors. The upper temperature limit of life for bacteria and archaea is 70–75 °C for phototrophs, 110 °C for methanogens and heterotrophs, and at least 120 °C for other autotrophs. Biochemical modeling suggests that life could be found at temperatures of at least 140 °C. High-temperature organisms use a variety of pathways for CO2 assimilation, heterotrophy, and respiration with several novel enzymes and cofactors that are unique to these organisms and other archaea. H2 and organic compounds are the most common electron donors. Soluble and insoluble sulfur and iron species are common terminal electron acceptors leading to sulfide and magnetic iron production, although a minority of thermophiles and hyperthermophiles are capable of aerobic respiration, denitrification, and H2 production. High-temperature organisms will continue to provide insight into the biogeochemistry of geothermal environments, the natural history of CO2 assimilation and respiration, and the biochemistry of thermophily.
Internet usage by pediatric dental practices in Connecticut

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine Internet usage by pediatric dental practices in Connecticut. Methods: A seven-item anonymous survey was mailed to all the 64 pediatric dentists in private practice in Connecticut. Each survey form was mailed along with a stamped and pre-addressed return envelope. Frequency distribution analyses and chi-square tests were performed. Results: The survey had a response rate of 73%. More than three-fourths of the pediatric dental practices were connected to the Internet. Seventy-two percent of the practices submitted third-party claims electronically. Almost all of the respondents did not use email to communicate with patients or to discuss individual patient issues with other health care providers. Only two-fifths of the practices had a World Wide Web site. Conclusions: Most of the pediatric dental practices in Connecticut were connected to the Internet. Electronic third-party claims submission was the predominant Internet service used by these practices.(Pediatr Dent 24:139-143, 2002)
Separation of Cells by Preparative Density Gradient Electrophoresis

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a technique for separation of cells by preparative density gradient electrophoresis. Electrophoretic methods of cell separation are based on differences in the surface density charge of the cells. Several of these methods have been applied for the preparative separation of mammalian cells. These include free-flow electrophoresis, Staflo electrophoresis in horizontally moving gradients, electromagnetic or endless belt electrophoresis in free solution, and density gradient electrophoresis. Free-flow electrophoresis has been extensively applied for the preparative separation and characterization of mammalian cells, with emphasis on lymphoid and other hemopoietic cell types. The application of Staflo electrophoresis or electromagnetic electrophoresis for the separation of mammalian cells has been limited. Density gradient electrophoresis has been recently applied for the separation of mammalian cells and, especially, of cells of the lymphoid system. Electrophoretic separations of cells are based on differences in their cell surface density charge. This charge is an apparent surface charge because the true charge of the cells is greatly reduced by a layer of ions of opposite charge surrounding the cell, forming an electric double layer. As mammalian cells are negatively charged in physiological pH solutions, these ions are positively charged and are attracted by electrostatic forces. They are further surrounded by a diffuse region, where ions are distributed according to the electric forces present as well as to random thermal movements.
Brief Report: Examination of Sex-Based Differences in ASD Symptom Severity Among High-Functioning Children with ASD Using the SRS-2

Prior studies of sex-based differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have yielded mixed findings. This study examined ASD symptom severity and functional correlates in a sample of 34 high-functioning females with ASD (HFASD; M age = 8.93; M IQ = 104.64) compared to 34 matched males (M age = 8.96; M IQ = 104.44) using the Social Responsiveness Scale-Second Edition (SRS-2). Results identified non-significant and minimal differences (negligible-to-small) on the SRS-2 total, DSM-5 symptom subscale, and treatment subscale scores. Significant negative (moderate) correlations were found between the SRS-2 Social Cognition subscale and IQ and language scores and between the SRS-2 Social Motivation subscale and receptive language scores for females only; no significant correlations were found for males.