cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the uniqueness of the surface sources of evoked potentials.

The uniqueness of a surface density of sources localized inside a spatial region R and producing a given electric potential distribution in its boundary ${B}_{0}$ is revisited. The situation in which R is filled with various subregions, each one having a definite constant value for the electric conductivity is considered. It is argued that the knowledge of the potential in all ${B}_{0}$ fully determines the surface-located sources for a general class of surfaces supporting them and also a wide type of those sources. The class of surfaces can be defined as a union of an arbitrary but finite number of open or closed surfaces. The only restriction upon them is that no one of the closed surfaces contains inside it another (nesting) of the closed or open ones. The types of sources are surface charge densities and double layer (dipolar) densities for the open surfaces and more restrictively, only surface charge densities for the closed ones. A two-dimensional analytically solvable example illustrating the drastic appearance of uniqueness after arbitrarily small holes are opened in nested surfaces is discussed.
Ethanol regulated preference in rats.

A series of experiments evaluated the determinants of preference for mixtures of ethanol plus sucrose relative to sucrose in rats. One dipper served 10% ethanol mixed with 10% sucrose, and the second dipper served 10% sucrose. Lever presses operated each dipper according to a variable-interval 5-s schedule. In three experiments the subjects were given pre-session meals of sucrose (2.5–20 ml) or sucrose (20 ml) plus chow (5 or 10 g). Pre-session meals decreased responding maintained by sucrose but not responding maintained by ethanol mixture. In two experiments body weight was varied from 85% to 125% of the initial free-feeding values. Increases in body weight, like pre-session meals, decreased responding reinforced by sucrose, but typically did not decrease responding reinforced by ethanol mixture. Throughout most of the study, ethanol consumption remained at about 1.25 ml per half hour session (3–4 g/kg per 30 min). For example, pre-session access to ethanol mixture decreased within-session ethanol consumption, but total consumption, counting both sources, remained about 1.25 ml/session. The within-session patterns of responding also differed. Responding reinforced by ethanol mix decreased as a function of ethanol consumption, whereas responding reinforced by sucrose was relatively constant throughout the session. The simplest explanation of the results is that ethanol's pharmacological consequences regulated preference.
Kosher Nation: Why More and More of America's Food Answers to a Higher Authority SueFishkoff. New York: Schoken Books, 2010.

Kosher Nation: Why More and More of America's Food Answers to a Higher Authority Sue Fishkoff. New York: Schoken Books, 2010. Food is hot; not just in its eating, but as an observational and participatory activity, in journalism, and in the scholarly worlds. Works like Eric Schlosser's 2005 expose Fast Food Nation have brought food from the supermarket, refrigerator, and dinner table into the classroom. Carolyn Walker Bynum's groundbreaking work Holy Feast and Holy Fast (1988), but also more recently Daniel Sack's 2001 work Whitebread Protestants (and others), have expanded the view to include investigations of the religious aspects of food - not in the traditional, anthropological (and often hyper-theoretical) manner of such works as Mary Douglas's classic text Purity and Danger (1978), but in a more familiar, contemporary, and mundane style that is accessible to the general reader but of value to the student as well. Sue Fishkoff's latest work falls nicely into this last category. Not quite the (you'll excuse the pun) hamhanded tour de force of Schlosser's work - which in the food studies world seems to be the ur-text for anything with the title "Nation" appended to it - this work draws more directly from her first work exploring the ultra-Orthodox (Haredi) world in The Rebbe's Army: Inside the World of Chabad-Lubavitch (2005). The subtitle - a reference to a long-running series of advertisements for Hebrew National hotdogs (which were less contaminated than others because they "answer to a Higher Authority") - hides the twin dynamic driving the work: on the one hand, kosher food is a growing market in the United States because of a "perfect storm" of Jewish cultural confidence and non-Jewish food anxieties; on the other hand, within the American Jewish community there is a growing demand for - and battle over - foods identified as ritually permissible for consumption. The book is an impressive survey of topics related to the observance of kashrut (the Jewish system of dietary requirements), covering everything (as they might say in this world) from soup to nuts. After a introductory tour of the kosher world, there are chapters on the observance of kashrut, the kosher certification agencies, the Mashgiach (kosher butcher), the Jewish Deli (with a discussion of both the kosher and the "kosherstyle" deli), kosher wines, kosher food marketing, the internationalization of food packaging and the impact that has had on kosher certification, new styles in American kashrut observance, disputes over what can be considered kosher (and who gets to decide), and (to be expected) the scandal that rocked the kosher meateating world when Agriprocessors (of Stephen Bloom's 2001 Postville fame) was raided by federal marshals for immigration violations. …
Growth Motivation as a Moderator of Behavioral Self-Handicapping in Women

ABSTRACT Behavioral self-handicapping is a strategy used to protect attributions about ability. People behaviorally self-handicap by creating an obstacle to their success so failure is attributed to the obstacle instead of to their ability. Although past research has observed behavioral self-handicapping exclusively in men, the current research revealed a moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women: growth motivation, which reflects the desire to develop one's abilities and learn from failure. Participants (N = 100) completed a test purportedly predictive of successful careers and relationships, and some were given failure feedback about their performance. Participants could behaviorally self-handicap by choosing to complete another test in a performance-impairing environment. Although men self-handicapped more overall, women self-handicapped more after failure when they were low in growth motivation. These results highlight a novel moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women.
Structural variation in amorphous Ge

Abstract Differences were detected in the relative peak heights in electron diffraction patterns from amorphous Ge films that were identical except for differing angles of incidence during deposition.
Transcending, not outliving the self

Abstract Outliving the Self is analyzed in terms of the implicit imagery of immortality implied by both the title, and the thrust of the subject matter. Although the author discusses the way that his respondents deal with death, and in his “model scenario ” of cultural generativity he identifies the second element of cultural identity as when the prospect of death enters a life, he returns to the image of symbolic immortality via generativity in the final sequence of his scenario. The avoidance of the reality of death is discussed in terms of Heidegger's placement of death at the center of the human experience, and in terms of Lifton's modes of ‘symbolic immortality’ in face of the twin threats of nuclear annihilation and environmental holocaust.
Online courier : Utilization of a third-party system for electronic document delivery

ABSTRACT Online Courier is a service provided by UPS Document Exchange to deliver files via the World Wide Web. The Biomedical Information Service at the Bio-Medical Library of the University of Minnesota has been using Online Courier for electronic delivery in PDF format of journal articles. Reasons for selecting Online Courier, an overview of the software features, and details of our experience with it are presented.
Ectoparasites of Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) from South Dakota

During the summers of 1982 and 1983, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were examined for parasites. Those collected and their respective prevalence included Linognathoides cynomyis (46.3%), Opisocrostis hirsutus (53.7%), Opisocrostis tuberculatus cynomuris (2.4%), Androlaelaps fahrenholzi (12.2%), Ixodes sculptus (2.4%) and Dermacentor andersoni (4.9%). The collection data indicated that L. cynomyis, O. hirsutus and A. fahrenholzi were at low population densities during this period.
Focal Adhesion Induction at the Tip of a Functionalized Nanoelectrode

Cells dynamically interact with their physical micro-environment through the assembly of nascent focal contacts and focal adhesions. The dynamics and mechanics of these contact points are controlled by transmembrane integrins and an array of intracellular adaptor proteins. In order to study the mechanics and dynamics of focal adhesion assembly, we have developed a technique for the timed induction of a nascent focal adhesion. Bovine aortic endothelial cells were approached at the apical surface by a nanoelectrode whose position was controlled with a resolution of 10 s of nanometers using changes in electrode current to monitor distance from the cell surface. Since this probe was functionalized with fibronectin, a focal contact formed at the contact location. Nascent focal adhesion assembly was confirmed using time-lapse confocal fluorescent images of red fluorescent protein—tagged talin, an adapter protein that binds to activated integrins. Binding to the cell was verified by noting a lack of change of electrode current upon retraction of the electrode. This study demonstrates that functionalized nanoelectrodes can enable precisely-timed induction and 3-D mechanical manipulation of focal adhesions and the assay of the detailed molecular kinetics of their assembly.
RAM-induced Allostery Facilitates Assembly of a Notch Pathway Active Transcription Complex.

The Notch pathway is a conserved cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, in which extracellular signals are transduced into transcriptional outputs through the nuclear effector CSL. CSL is converted from a repressor to an activator through the formation of the CSL-NotchIC-Mastermind ternary complex. The RAM (RBP-J associated molecule) domain of NotchIC avidly interacts with CSL; however, its role in assembly of the CSL-NotchIC-Mastermind ternary complex is not understood. Here we provide a comprehensive thermodynamic, structural, and biochemical analysis of the RAM-CSL interaction for components from both mouse and worm. Our binding data show that RAM and CSL form a high affinity complex in the presence or absence of DNA. Our structural studies reveal a striking distal conformational change in CSL upon RAM binding, which creates a docking site for Mastermind to bind to the complex. Finally, we show that the addition of a RAM peptide in trans facilitates formation of the CSL-NotchIC-Mastermind ternary complex in vitro.
From cortical rotation to organizer gene expression: toward a molecular explanation of axis specification in Xenopus

After fertilization of Xenopus eggs, the cortex rotates relative to the cytoplasm, resulting in the formation of a cytoplasmic and transplantable dorsal-determining activity opposite the sperm entry point. This activity induces the dorsal expression of regulatory genes, which in turn establishes the Spemann organizer at the start of gastrulation. There has been considerable debate as to whether Vg1, or components of the Wnt-1 signaling pathway, normally function as this early dorsal determinant. Experiments now support the hypothesis that β-catenin, a component of the Wnt pathway, provides the initial dorsoventral polarity to the embryo, and that Vg1 functions at a subsequent step in development. Specifically, β-catenin is required for formation of the endogenous axes, and it is expressed at greater levels in dorsal cells during the early cleavage stages. Moreover, on the dorsal side of the embryo, complexes of β-catenin and Tcf-3 directly bind the promoter of the dorsal regulatory genes siamois and twin and facilitate their expression, thereby contributing to the subsequent formation of the Spemann organizer. On the ventral side of the embryo, Tcf-3 likely works in the absence of β-catenin as a transcriptional repressor of siamois. These and other data are considered in the context of how the initial polarization of the fertilized egg by the localized accumulation of β-catenin establishes a range of subsequent dorsoventral asymmetries in the embryo. BioEssays20:536–545, 1998.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Faculty perceptions of key factors in interprofessional education

Embedding interprofessional education (IPE) into academic programs presents structural, curricular and human factor challenges. Nurses and physicians comprise the dominant dyad in healthcare, and therefore nursing and medical faculty are key in guiding future IPE approaches. However, faculty experiences with IPE are rarely reported. This paper presents perceptions of medical and nursing faculty about key factors related to IPE for pre-licensure medical and nursing students. Semi-structured interviews with 32 faculty from three Midwest universities were analyzed thematically in this phenomenological study based on collaboration and cooperation theories. Findings clustered into six categories. Specific subthemes little discussed in the literature are addressed in detail. Study participants felt the most powerful interprofessional student experiences were authentic and faculty-facilitated, that constructive clinical environments were crucial, that curriculum design challenges included disparities between undergraduate and graduate education, and that leadership commitment to full-time and adjunct faculty engagement and development was imperative.
A Group of Novel Glutathione S-transferase Isozymes Showing High Activity Towards 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal are Present in Bovine Ocular Tissues

Recently, a mouse glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozyme, mGSTA4-4, which belongs to a distinct group of GSTs has been characterized in our laboratory. During the present studies, Western blot analyses of bovine ocular tissues using the antibodies raised against the recombinant mGSTA4-4 obtained by expression in Escherichia coli revealed that the orthologs of mGSTA4-4 were present in cornea, retina, iris-ciliary body and sclera, but absent in lens. These novel GST isozymes of bovine ocular tissues were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using the antibodies against rec-mGSTA4-4 and were designated as bGST 5·8 (their pI value being 5·8). Amino acid sequences of CNBr fragments of bGST 5·8 from cornea, sclera, retina and iris-ciliary body showed high degree of primary structure homologics with the corresponding regions of mGSTA4-4 indicating these bovine GST isozymes were distinct from the α, μ and π group GSTs and were the newest members of the group of GSTs to which mGSTA4-4 belongs. There were significant differences among the amino acid sequences of bGST 5·8 of cornea and iris-ciliary body and retina suggesting presence of at least two closely related genes at bGST 5·8 locus, bGST 5·8 isozymes showed high activity toward 4-HNE (four-to-five-fold higher than that towards 1-chloro-2.4-dinitrobenzene), expressed GSH-peroxidase activity towards fatty acid hydroperoxides and phospholipid hydroperoxides, and showed GSH-conjugating activity towards fatty acid epoxides suggesting that these isozymes may play an important role in protection mechanism against the endogenous toxicants formed during lipid peroxidation.
Lipid composition of light and dark flesh from sockeye salmon

Summary The five major lipid classes present in the light and dark flesh of 22 freshly caught sockeye salmon were separated by thin layer chromatography on silica gel using a two-stage development. Each class was then quantitatively analysed for fatty acid composition using gas chromatography. The dark flesh contains over eight times more lipid than does light flesh, and has a greater proportion of triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acids. The predominant phospholipid in the light flesh is phosphatidylcholine, whereas in dark flesh it is phosphatidylethanolamine. Both light and dark flesh are rich sources of the nutritionally important omega-3 fatty acids.
Structures of some fluorinated benzenes determined by ab initio computation

The structures of fluorobenzene, 1,3-difluorobenzene, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene, pentafluorobenzene, and hexafluorobenzene have been determined by the ab initio gradient method with a 4-21 basis set. Approximate corrections have been developed to yield re and r0 structures so that comparison can be made with the available experimental information. The CF bond distance decreases in a uniform manner with increasing fluorination of the ring, either on adjacent or on meta sites. The ring structure also shows systematic deformation, with a decrease of about 0.01 A in the CC bond length adjacent to the point of substitution and an increase of about 2.5˚ in the ring angle at the substitution site in those cases where the requirement of ring closure permits.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of a solid-oxide fuel-cell anode

The drive towards increased energy efficiency and reduced air pollution has led to accelerated worldwide development of fuel cells. As the performance and cost of fuel cells have improved, the materials comprising them have become increasingly sophisticated, both in composition and microstructure. In particular, state-of-the-art fuel-cell electrodes typically have a complex micro/nano-structure involving interconnected electronically and ionically conducting phases, gas-phase porosity, and catalytically active surfaces. Determining this microstructure is a critical, yet usually missing, link between materials properties/processing and electrode performance. Current methods of microstructural analysis, such as scanning electron microscopy, only provide two-dimensional anecdotes of the microstructure, and thus limited information about how regions are interconnected in three-dimensional space. Here we demonstrate the use of dual-beam focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy to make a complete three-dimensional reconstruction of a solid-oxide fuel-cell electrode. We use this data to calculate critical microstructural features such as volume fractions and surface areas of specific phases, three-phase boundary length, and the connectivity and tortuosity of specific subphases.
Structure of the violet bands of silicon nitride

The spectrum of the luminescence produced when silicon tetrachloride vapour reacts with glowing active nitrogen was first studied by Jevons. He measured the heads of a group of bands occurring in the more refrangible part of the visible spectrum. These bands have single heads and are degraded towards the long wave-lengths. From the fact that a nitrogen-containing substance is deposited on the walls of the after-glow tube during the reaction, Jevons favoured the view that the bands are due to a nitride of silicon (SiN). This has been verified in a recent study of its spectrum by Mulliken. In this work, which was primarily concerned with the isotope effect, Jevons’ measurements were revised and extended to include two faint companion systems of bands, due to isotopic molecules containing silicon of atomic weights 29 and 30. Further, Mulliken was able to establish spectroscopically the existence of the latter isotope, when the mass-spectrograph evidence was still inconclusive, and he included a description of a weaker system of bands distinct from the above, in that the heads are double and no frequency intervals occurred which agreed with those of the stronger system. Vibrational quantum numbers were assigned for the two systems, and the constants of the rotational structure of the stronger bands were determined by a procedure which was necessarily approximate, since spectrographs of moderate resolving power were used.
Trams: Transportation-related air-management system

Abstract Transportation and air-quality issues are complex, coupled with the dynamic evolution of regulations, trends, and implications. The need for planners and decision makers to access current and expert information on air-quality trends, transportation planning, and applicable legislation to assist them in transportation-related air-quality management encouraged the development of the Transportation-Related Air-Management System (TRAMS). This hypertext, hypermedia system enables planners and decision makers to dynamically retrieve current information at their desktops. Transportation and air-quality information on a wide variety of related topics is organized into a branching hierarchy and presented in a consistently structured hypertext environment, allowing users to direct their own path through the resources integrated in the system design including graphics, glossary terms, crossreferences, original text materials, and expert contact information.
Man and Law in Urban Africa: A Role for Customary Courts in the Urbanization Process

The purpose of this paper is to examine these two propositions in the light of what is known about the processes and problems of urbanization in Africa. To this end, I shall draw upon the now extensive body of sociological and social anthropological literature that has grown up over the last two decades concerning urbanization, urbanism and migration in various African states.' I shall also draw upon the findings of those who have examined the customary legal process in homogeneous tribal (rural) areas and suggest how these findingswhich often appear to be of only academic value to those concerned with developing legal systems-may help in understanding and solving the plight of the urban African. My primary frame of reference will be English-speaking West Africa.
Differential distributions for next-leading-order analyses of charged current neutrino production of charm quarks

Experimental analyses of charged current deep inelastic charm production\char22{}as observed through dimuon events in neutrino-iron scattering\char22{}measure the strangeness component of the nucleon sea. A complete analysis requires a Monte Carlo simulation to account for experimental detector acceptance effects; therefore, a fully differential theoretical calculation is necessary to provide complete kinematic information. We investigate the theoretical issues involved in calculating these differential distributions at next-leading order (NLO). Numerical results are presented for typical fixed-target kinematics. We present a corresponding FORTRAN code suitable for experimental NLO analysis.
Identification of a Cyanogen Bromide Fragment of Porcine Type II Collagen Capable of Modulating Collagen Arthritis in B10.RIII (H-2r) Mice

Previous studies directed towards identifying epitopes on type II collagen (CII) important in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice have focused primarily on responses mounted in susceptible H-2q strains. However, the nature of T and B cell responses against CII in susceptible H-2r strains remains ill-defined. In an effort to identify regions on CII important in CIA in H-2r mice, we examined the cellular and humoral response of susceptible B10.RIII (H-2r) mice against cyanogen bromide (CB)-cleaved fragments of porcine CII. Following immunization with native porcine CII, LNC from B10.RIII mice mounted proliferative responses predominantly to peptide CB10, while negligible proliferation was detected against fragment CB9,7, CB8, CB11 or CB12. In contrast, sera from arthritic B10.RIII mice displayed a heterogeneous pattern of reactivity against porcine CII, with strong antibody binding measured against the major fragments CB11, CB8 and CB10. To determine the in vivo significance of the dominant cellular re...
Numerical Analysis of the Cross-Flow Under the Land in a Serpentine Flow Field of a PEM Fuel Cell

Serpentine flow-fields are widely used in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells due to their various advantages, including providing a proper compromise between pressure drop and water removal capability. One of the advantages of serpentine flow fields is the cross-flow under the land through the gas diffusion layer (GDL) due to the pressure difference between adjacent channels. In this study, a three-dimensional PEM fuel cell model is developed to study the cross-flow effect under the land for both across and along the land directions. Simulation results of the flow distribution along and across the channel, and the relationship between the cross-flow and the pressure difference are presented. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of the GDL permeability on the cross-flow rate. The cross-flow rate increases as the permeability becomes larger because the cross-flow velocity. However, cross-flow rate reaches an asymptotic value when the permeability is greater than 10−9 (m2 ) since the pressure difference between adjacent channels becomes smaller. The effect of the cross-flow on the local oxygen mass fraction is also investigated. The results show that oxygen concentrations in some locations are significantly higher due to the cross-flow under the land and secondary flows in the channel. Finally, by comparing average current densities between under the channels and the land areas, it is shown that the performance of the cell gradually decreases across the channel/land direction.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The role of recognition memory in anaphor identification

In studies of anaphor comprehension, the capacity for recognizing a noun in a sentence decreases following the resolution of a repeated-noun anaphor (Gernsbacher, 1989). In studies of recognition memory, the capacity for recognizing a noun in a scrambled sentence decreases following the recognition that another noun has occurred before in the scrambled sentence (Dopkins & Ngo, 2002). The results of the present study suggest that these two phenomena reflect the same recognition memory process. The results suggest further that this is not because participants in studies of anaphor comprehension ignore the discourse properties of the stimulus materials and treat them as lists of words upon which memory tests are to be given. These results suggest that recognition processes play a role in anaphor comprehension and that such processes are in part the means by which repeated-noun anaphors are identified as such.
Shortest-prediction-horizon non-linear model-predictive control with guaranteed asymptotic stability

This paper presents a continuous-time shortest-prediction-horizon model-predictive control method that provides optimal output regulation with guaranteed closed-loop asymptotic stability within an assessable domain of attraction. The closed-loop stability is ensured by requiring plant state variables to satisfy a hard, Lyapunov, inequality constraint. Whenever the output regulation alone cannot ensure asymptotic closed-loop stability, the closed-loop system evolves while being at the hard constraint. Once the closed-loop system enters a state-space region in which the output regulation can ensure asymptotic stability, the hard constraint becomes inactive. Consequently, the non-linear control method is applicable to stable and unstable plants, whether non-minimum- or minimum-phase. A major shortcoming of unconstrained, shortest-prediction-horizon model-predictive control, which is equivalent to input–output linearization, is its inapplicability to plants operating at a non-minimum-phase steady state. This ...
Item Placement on a Personality Measure: Effects on Faking Behavior and Test Measurement Properties

Although personality tests are widely used to select applicants for a variety of jobs, there is concern that such measures are fakable. One procedure used to minimize faking has been to disguise the true intent of personality tests by randomizing items such that items measuring similar constructs are dispersed throughout the test. In this study, we examined if item placement does influence the fakability and psychometric properties of a personality measure. Study participants responded to 1 of 2 formats (random vs. grouped items) of a personality test honestly and also under instructions to fake or to behave like an applicant. Results indicate that the grouped item placement format was more fakable for the Neuroticism and Conscientiousness scales. The test with items randomly placed fit the data better within the honest and applicant conditions. These findings demonstrate that the issue of item placement should be seriously considered before administering personality measures because different item presentations may affect the incidence of faking and the psychometric properties of the measure.
Physician–Patient Communication about Colorectal Cancer Screening

Background Despite the documented benefits of colorectal cancer screening, patient participation rates remain low. Physician recommendation has been identified as a significant predictor of screening completion.
Rekombinante Wachstumsfaktoren: Neue Therapeutische Perspektiven beim akuten Nierenversagen

Wahrend des akuten Nierenversagens (ANV) sind eine Reihe von Wachstumsfaktoren im Nephron vorubergehend herauf- oder herunterreguliert. Beim ANV werden mehrere Wachstumsfaktoren und/oder ihre Rezeptoren in den geschadigten Bereichen des Nephrons vorubergehend vermehrt exprimiert. Dieser Befund bedeutet vermutlich, das diese Peptide am naturlichen Reparaturprozess beteiligt sind. Applikation von rekombinanten Wachstumsfaktoren, wie IGF-I, EGF oder HGF bei Ratten mit ANV fuhrt zur beschleunigten Heilung. Biologische Mechanismen, durch die Wachstumsfaktoren auf das geschadigte Nephron wirken, sind zum Teil aufgeklart worden und schliesen ein: Beschleunigung des Zellzyklus durch Aktivierung von Cyclin-abhangige Kinasen am G1/S-Restriktionspunkt, Unterstutzung der Differenzierung neu einwachsender Tubuluszellen, Blockade von Apoptose, und Steigerung der renalen Hamodynamik. Trotz dieser verheisungsvollen experimentellen Daten war der Ausgang von zwei kurzlich beendeten klinischen Studien enttauschend. Obwohl experimentelle Resultate fur eine therapeutische Bedeutung rekombinanter Wachstumsfaktoren beim ANV sprechen, sind weitere experimentelle und insbesondere klinische Studien notwendig.
Investigating the Structure of the WJ-III Cognitive in Early School Age Through Two Exploratory Bifactor Analysis Procedures

Two exploratory bifactor methods (e.g., Schmid–Leiman [SL] and exploratory bifactor analysis [EBFA]) were used to investigate the structure of the Woodcock–Johnson III (WJ-III) Cognitive in early s...
Additional user needs

Abstract This paper summarizes the conclusions of a discussion group on users' needs held at the Workshop on an Advanced Steady-State Neutron Facility. The discussion was devoted to reactor characteristics, special facilities and siting considerations suggested by user needs.
Metal-neon compound ions in slow field evaporation

Abstract A magnetic sector atom-probe has been employed to study slow field evaporation of most of the transition metals in vacuum, in neon and in a mixture of neon and hydrogen. Various metals were found to form metal-neon molecular ions. Slow field evaporation and the presence of hydrogen are favorable for their formation. All the experiments were done at 78 K. The metals that evaporate as nei'des abundantly are Ti, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd and Ta, of which Ti, Nb and Pd produce neide ions as much as 80 to 90%. There were also some neides with W, Re, Ir and Rh, definitely above the detection limit estimated to be 3% of the field evaporating metal ions. The role of hydrogen is thought to be two-fold: At the surface, hydrogen adsorption is assumed to cause a stronger metal-neon bond, while the electron shower from free space ionization of the auxiliary gas excites or ionizes the complex by electron impact to allow evaporation at a reduced field.
First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 in Georgia.

During a study to determine the pathogenic fungi overwintering on dead cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots, two isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn anastomosis group 7 (AG-7) were identified. Isolate #213 was obtained from dead roots near Tifton, GA, and isolate #219 was cultured from cotton roots near Midville, GA. Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 was previously reported in Arkansas, Indiana, and Asia (1). Isolates #213 and #219 were tested in the greenhouse for pathogenicity by mixing 25 ml of 2-week-old cornmeal sand inoculum (3 g of cornmeal, 100 g of sand, and 20 ml of distilled water) into 20 × 100 cm pots containing 2.25 liters of sterile soil (Tifton loamy sand, pH 6.1) per pot. Pots with noninfested soil were included as a control. Eight seeds of cotton (Delta and Pineland 90 DPL 90) were sown per pot. Each pot was a replicate and each treatment was replicated five times. At 20 days after planting, plant stands in soil infested with isolate #213 or #219 averaged 2 to 3 or 4 to 5 plants per pot, respectiv...
Performance and modelling of steel fibre reinforced piles under seismic loading

Abstract This paper provides test data on the seismic behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) piles. Four large-scale specimens are subjected to a combination of constant axial load and alternating cyclic flexure. A similar number of specimens are subjected to alternating cyclic flexure without axial load. Twin-cone fibres and new twin-crimped fibres in weight fraction varying between 40 and 50 kg/m3 are used. The structural ductility and energy absorption capability of SFRC piles are compared with that of reference RC piles in connection with the application of an axial load. These results are used to assess the efficiency of fibres to reinforce concrete piles in seismically active regions. An analytical model is developed. The computed load–deflection behaviour is compared with the experimental one and the significance of the uni-axial tension test of SFRC is assessed.
Stimulation of rat intestinal protein synthesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

To study general stimulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on intestinal protein synthesis, slices of duodenal villi from 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated and vitamin D-deficient rats were incubated in vitro for 90 min at the surface of medium containing [3H]leucine. Incorporation of the [3H]leucine into TCA-precipitated protein, which was shown to be linear for 12 h and 90% inhibited by cycloheximide, was increased by 50-60% at 26 h after a single injection of 125 ng of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (three experiments, P less than 0.001). The increase, which was not due to circadian rhythm fluctuations of the intestine, was in synchrony with the second Ca2+ transport response observed by Halloran and DeLuca (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 208, 477-486, 1981). However, no significant difference in [3H]leucine incorporation was observed before or during the initial Ca2+ transport response observed by Halloran and DeLuca, i.e., at 1.0, 3.0, and 6.5 h following an injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The late onset of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced increase in total protein synthesis implies that it is an indirect rather than a direct effect of the hormone.
Partially resolved transition array model in intermediate coupling

Abstract The partially resolved transition array (PRTA) model is developed for intermediate coupling. The PRTA model conserves known array properties, yields improved higher moments, systematically accounts for initial level populations, and is computationally efficient compared to detailed line accounting (DLA) methods. Numerical examples show that the PRTA in intermediate coupling reproduces the effects of the electrostatic interaction between spin-orbit split arrays on the spectrum in good agreement with DLA calculations.
Duodenal atresia with an anomalous common bile duct masquerading as a midgut volvulus.

In a patient with duodenal atresia, a "double bubble" is classically present on plain radiographs. When bowel gas exists distal to the duodenum, duodenal atresia often is excluded from the differential diagnosis. The authors present a case in which contrast can be seen in the small bowel and biliary system on upper gastrointestinal series in a patient with duodenal atresia and an anomalous common bile duct. One always must consider duodenal atresia with an anomalous biliary system as a possible cause of bilious vomiting with a high grade proximal bowel obstruction in a neonate. J Pediatr Surg 36:956-957.
Spectral Analysis of Earthquake Migration in South America

Earthquake migration along linear seismic belts is investigated by analyzing space-time diagrams using spectral analysis. In order to sample the earthquakes in the space-time domain, they must first be convolved with a (sin x sin t)/xt surface to obtain an unbiased and alias free two-dimensional Fourier spectrum. Further enhancements are provided by selectively stacking patterns (a pattern is defined as the distribution of earthquakes in space and time before a particular earthquake), thereby reinforcing the similarities within the various patterns. With these techniques, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the migration rates (from their spatial frequencies) and recurrence intervals (from their temporal frequencies) of large earthquakes in South America.
Blue emission band in compensated GaN:Mg codoped with Si

Codoping of p-type GaN with Mg and Si was investigated to determine its effect on deep level luminescence. By codoping with Si, the absolute intensity of the 2.8-eV blue luminescence band, previously tentatively attributed to deep donor-acceptor-pair (DAP) emission, decreased by more than an order of magnitude. The observed decrease is attributed to the reduction of the concentration of deep donor nitrogen vacancy complexes. The dependence of the emission peak position on hole concentration was investigated. A blueshift was observed with increasing carrier concentration. The shift of the blue band with carrier concentration and excitation intensity is explained semiquantitatively by a potential fluctuation model indicating its importance in DAP recombination.
The Response Regulator BvgA and RNA Polymerase α Subunit C-Terminal Domain Bind Simultaneously to Different Faces of the Same Segment of Promoter DNA

Abstract Examination of the binding of FeBABE-conjugated BvgA to the fha promoter of Bordetella pertussis has revealed that three dimers, formed by head-to-head association of monomers, bind one face of the DNA helix from the inverted-heptad primary binding site to the −35 region. The orientation of BvgA monomers within the dimers is the same as that recently demonstrated by X-ray crystallographic methods for a dimer of the C-terminal domain of NarL bound to DNA. Use of FeBABE conjugates of RNAP α subunit C-terminal domain showed that binding of this domain is linearly coincident with binding of the BvgA dimers, but to a different helical face. These results reveal a previously undescribed mode of interaction between RNAP α-CTD and a transcriptional activator.
Dietitians Employed by Health Care Facilities Preferred a HACCP System Over Irradiation or Chemical Rinses for Reducing Risk of Foodborne Disease

Abstract Objective To survey dietitians in health care facilities about the acceptability of alternative meat and poultry processing methods designed to reduce the risk of foodborne disease and their willingness to pay for these processes. Subjects A geographically representative sample of 600 members of The American Dietetic Association who work in health care facilities. The response rate was 250 completed questionnaires from 592 eligible subjects (42%). Design A mail survey was used to gather information on the acceptability of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, chemical rinses, and irradiation for increasing the safety of food. Discrete choice contingent valuation was used to determine the acceptability at current prices and at 5, 10, and 25 cents per pound above current prices. Statistical analyses Logistic regression was used to estimate mean willingness to pay (the maximum amount respondents are willing to pay) for each process. A simultaneous equations regression model was used to estimate the effects of other variables on acceptability. Results Respondents expressed a high level of concern for food safety in health care facilities. The estimated mean willingness to pay was highest for a HACCP system and lowest for chemical rinses. Conclusions/applications The successful adoption of alternative methods to increase food safety depends on their acceptance by foodservice professionals. The professionals sampled were most accepting of a HACCP system, somewhat less accepting of irradiation, and least accepting of new chemical rinses. Poultry and beef processors and government agencies concerned with food safety may want to take into account the attitudes of foodservice professionals. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:885–888 .
Nuclear proteome response to cell wall removal in rice (Oryza sativa)

Plant cells are routinely exposed to various pathogens and environmental stresses that cause cell wall perturbations. Little is known of the mechanisms that plant cells use to sense these disturbances and transduce corresponding signals to regulate cellular responses to maintain cell wall integrity. Previous studies in rice have shown that removal of the cell wall leads to substantial chromatin reorganization and histone modification changes concomitant with cell wall re-synthesis. But the genes and proteins that regulate these cellular responses are still largely unknown. Here we present an examination of the nuclear proteome differential expression in response to removal of the cell wall in rice suspension cells using multiple nuclear proteome extraction methods. A total of 382 nuclear proteins were identified with two or more peptides, including 26 transcription factors. Upon removal of the cell wall, 142 nuclear proteins were up regulated and 112 were down regulated. The differentially expressed proteins included transcription factors, histones, histone domain containing proteins, and histone modification enzymes. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed proteins indicates that chromatin & nucleosome assembly, protein-DNA complex assembly, and DNA packaging are tightly associated with cell wall removal. Our results indicate that removal of the cell wall imposes a tremendous challenge to the cells. Consequently, plant cells respond to the removal of the cell wall in the nucleus at every level of the regulatory hierarchy.
The spreading of liquids on polyethylene film. The effect of preprinting treatments

A study has been made of the wettability of thin films of polyethylene by observing the equilibrium advancing contact angle formed by a drop of liquid on the surface. Treatment of polyethylene film by exposure to methane/oxygen flames of varying intensity produces a controllable increase in the polarity of the surface as measured by the contact angles with a series of solutions of ethyl alcohol in water. The surface tension lowering of water by ethyl alcohol required to give complete spreading was determined for each flaming condition and related to the adhesion of a polar printing ink. It is shown that an essential criterion for good ink adhesion is the complete wetting of the film surface by the ink. It is suggested that a simple measure of the efficacy of the preprinting treatment would be the contact angle of water with the film.
Low chemical concentration and pH as factors limiting the success of inoculation to enhance biodegradation

A strain of Pseudomonas that mineralized 1 microgram of p-nitrophenol (PNP) per milliliter in culture failed to mineralize the compound in nonsterile or sterile lake water. The bacterium did not act on PNP at the pH of the lake water (pH 8.0) or in culture medium at the same pH, although it did mineralize PNP when added to sterile lake water samples adjusted to pH 7.0. A second strain of Pseudomonas that grew and mineralized 1 μg PNP/ml in culture at pH 8.0 and in sterile lake water at pH 7.0 neither mineralized nor grew on PNP in sterile lake water at pH 8.0. A third strain of Pseudomonas grew on and mineralized 1 μg PNP/ml in sterile lake water at pH 8.0 but failed to enhance mineralization when added to nonsterile lake water at that pH. Corynebacterium sp. grew on and mineralized 1 μg PNP/ml in culture medium and in sterile lake water, and its inoculation into nonsterile lake water greatly reduced the time for the mineralization of 1.0 and 0.1 μg PNP/ml. The inoculation of nonsterile lake water with Corynebacterium sp., which mineralized 26 and 17 ng PNP/ml in culture, resulted in a biphasic transformation of 26 and 16 ng PNP/ml. Only the initial phase was more rapid than in uninoculated lake water. Inoculation of Corynebacterium sp. into sewage markedly shortened the time for extensive mineralization of 100 ng but not of 26 and 16 ng PNP/ml. We suggest that microorganisms that are able to degrade chemicals in culture may not do so when introduced into natural environments because of unfavorable pH or the organisms' inability to readily use compounds that are present at low concentrations.
Reasons for Seeking HIV-test: Evidence from a Private Hospital in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India

This study sought to describe the development of HIV counselling and testing services in a rural private hospital and to explore the factors associated with reasons for seeking HIV testing and sexual behaviours among adults seeking testing in the rural hospital. Data for this study were drawn from a voluntary counselling and testing clinic in a private hospital in rural Andhra Pradesh state in southern India. In total, 5,601 rural residents sought HIV counselling and testing and took part in a behavioural risk-assessment survey during October 2003–June 2005. The prevalence of HIV was 1.1%. Among the two reported reasons for test-seeking—based on past sexual behaviour and based on being sick at the time of testing—men, individuals reporting risk behaviours, such as those having multiple pre- and postmarital sexual partners, individuals whose recent partner was a sex worker, and those who reported using alcohol before sex, were more likely to seek testing based on their past sexual behaviour. Men also were more likely to seek testing because they were sick. The findings from this large sample in rural India suggest that providing HIV-prevention and care services as part of an ongoing system of healthcare-delivery may benefit rural residents who otherwise may not have access to these services. The implications of involving the private sector in HIV-related service-delivery and in conducting research in rural areas are discussed. It is argued that services that are gaining prominence in urban areas, such as addressing male heterosexual behaviours and assessing the role of alcohol-use, are equally relevant areas of intervention in rural India.