cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interplanetary space weather effects on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter avalanche photodiode performance

Space weather is a major concern for radiation-sensitive space systems, particularly for interplanetary missions, which operate outside of the protection of Earth's magnetic field. We examine and quantify the effects of space weather on silicon avalanche photodiodes (SiAPDs), which are used for interplanetary laser altimeters and communications systems and can be sensitive to even low levels of radiation (less than 50 cGy). While ground-based radiation testing has been performed on avalanche photodiode (APDs) for space missions, in-space measurements of SiAPD response to interplanetary space weather have not been previously reported. We compare noise data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) SiAPDs with radiation measurements from the onboard Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument. We did not find any evidence to support radiation as the cause of changes in detector threshold voltage during radiation storms, both for transient detector noise and long-term average detector noise, suggesting that the approximately 1.3 cm thick shielding (a combination of titanium and beryllium) of the LOLA detectors is sufficient for SiAPDs on interplanetary missions with radiation environments similar to what the LRO experienced (559 cGy of radiation over 4 years).
Transient shocks beyond the heliopause

The heliopause is a rich, dynamic surface affected by the time-dependent solar wind. Stream interactions due to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), corotating interaction regions (CIRs), and other transient phenomena are known to merge producing global merged interaction regions (GMIRs). Numerical simulations of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium (LISM) show that GMIRs, as well other time-dependent structures in the solar wind, may produce compression/rarefaction waves and shocks in the LISM behind the heliopause. These shocks may initiate wave activity observed by the Voyager spacecraft. The magnetometer onboard Voyager 1 indeed observed a few structures that may be interpreted as shocks. We present numerical simulations of such shocks in the year of 2000, when both Voyager spacecraft were in the supersonic solar wind region, and in 2012, when Voyager 1 observed traveling shocks. In the former case, Voyager observations themselves provide time- dependent boundary conditions in the solar wind. In the latter case, we use OMNI data at 1 AU to analyze the plasma and magnetic field behavior after Voyager 1 crossed the heliospheric boundary. Numerical results are compared with spacecraft observations.
Microbiological Evaluation of Retail Ground Beef: Centralized and Traditional Preparation1

An evaluation of the microbiological quality of retail ground beef prepared in a centralized operation (which has nearly statewide distribution) and in four local stores was undertaken. Forty retail samples were analyzed for total aerobes (22 C and 35 C), yeasts and molds, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, Salmonella, and fat content. Products prepared in the centralized operation exhibited trends toward better microbiological quality than that of traditionally prepared products. Salmonella screening of the samples resulted in the identification of S. infantis in one traditionally prepared sample.
Couples Therapy and Empathy: An Evaluation of the Impact of Imago Relationship Therapy on Partner Empathy Levels

Empathy is directly related to one’s satisfaction with a romantic partner, and therefore, most approaches to couples therapy explicitly address empathy as a means for creating positive relational c...
Multiferroics: Making a point of control

The coexistence of spin order and disorder at a critical point in the phase diagram of multiferroic materials may be exploited to locally control magnetoelectric coupling — as is now shown for doped BiFeO3 by means of scanning probe microscopy.
Telomere-Binding Proteins of Ciliated Protozoa

A great deal of our current knowledge about telomere structure and function has come from studies performed with ciliated protozoa. The reason that studies of ciliate telomeres have been so productive stems from the unusual genomic organization of these organisms. All ciliates have two functionally and structurally distinct nuclei: the germline micronucleus and the vegetative macronucleus. Although the micronucleus contains relatively few large chromosomes, the macronucleus contains thousands or millions of separate DNA molecules that have telomeres on each end (Blackburn 1986; Klobutcher and Prescott 1986). For example, macronuclei from the holotrichous ciliate Tetrahymena contain over 1 x 104 DNA molecules (2 x 104 telomeres) while macronuclei from the hypotrichous ciliates Euplotes and Oxytricha contain >2 x 107 DNA molecules (>4 x 107 telomeres). This abundance of macronuclear telomeres has greatly facilitated the characterization of telomere structure and isolation of telomere-binding proteins.
The U.S. mainstream expands – again

Building on neo-assimilation ideas, we conceptualise the ‘mainstream’ and then find compelling evidence of its expansion in the U.S. in the rising number of individuals who come from mixed minority...
Efficacy and safety of gadobutrol-enhanced MRA of the renal arteries: Results from GRAMS (Gadobutrol-enhanced renal artery MRA study), a prospective, intraindividual multicenter phase 3 blinded study.

Purpose To compare the performance of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with 1M gadobutrol, a high relaxivity macrocyclic contrast agent, to 2D time-of-flight MRA (ToF-MRA) using computed tomographic angiography (CTA) as the standard of reference. Primary objectives were evaluation for superiority of structural delineation and noninferiority for detection and exclusion of clinically significant disease. Materials and Methods In all, 315 subjects underwent unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRA with 1M gadobutrol (CE-MRA) and were scanned with 1.5T MRI equipped with an at least 6-element body coil. Evaluations were based on both centralized blinded read (BR) performed by six readers as well as investigator site interpretations for the 292 subjects who completed the study. Quantitative evaluations including percent stenosis and normal vessel measurements were also performed. Secondary endpoints included identification of accessory renal arteries, diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), diagnostic confidence, and need for additional imaging. Results A total of 292 patients suspected of renal artery disease completed the study. CE-MRA demonstrated statistically significant improvement in assessability of vascular segments compared to ToF: 95.9% vs. 77.6% (P < 0.0001). In the BR, the sensitivity and specificity of CE-MRA were noninferior to ToF-MRA (53.4% vs. 46.6% and 95.1% vs. 85.7%, respectively). There was less error in the CE-MRA stenosis measurements (0.15 mm gadobutrol vs. 0.41 mm ToF, P < 0.05). FMD was correctly diagnosed more frequently, 10% more accessory renal arteries were identified (P < 0.01), diagnostic confidence increased (P < 0.01), and fewer additional imaging studies were recommended (P < 0.01). Conclusion Gadobutrol-enhanced MRA of the renal arteries has superior visualization, more accurate vessel measurements, and may serve as a CTA alternative without any ionizing radiation. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Metformin Induced Bowel Uptake

Metformin has been shown to cause intense diffuse FDG uptake in the colon although there may be variable uptake. This becomes challenging when interpreting PET/MR imaging in the setting of bowel disease.
High-Rate Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using Cu-Nanoparticle-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes

Gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) with high electrochemically active surface areas (ECSAs) and triple-phase boundaries for efficient gas, electron, and ion transport offer a unique opportunity for high-rate electrochemical CO reduction (COR) in relative to traditional aqueous configurations. Cu-nanoparticle-based GDEs were fabricated by applying a mixture of carbon powders, copper acetate aqueous solution, and Teflon onto a Cu gauze substrate. The catalyst-coated substrate was air-dried, mechanically pressed, and subsequently annealed under forming gas to produce GDEs. Two distinctive types of GDE configurations, a flow-through configuration and a flow-by configuration, were constructed, characterized, and tested to quantitatively evaluate the effects of reactant gas transport on the activity and the selectivity of the GDE materials for COR. In the flow-through configuration, a high partial current density of 50.8 mA cm–2 for COR to C2H4 was achieved at −0.85 V vs RHE in 10 M KOH at −15 °C, while in the flo...
Using escape room-like puzzles to teach undergraduate students effective and efficient group process skills

Many jobs require the ability to collaborate effectively in teams, and STEM jobs are no exception. However, few curricula have been published that are explicitly designed to help undergraduates in STEM fields internalize the skills that are central to effective collaborative work. Students are typically assumed to be able to acquire these skills on their own. But when students without training are assigned to work in teams, they are no more likely to learn effective group process skills than if they were assigned a golf club and told to go figure out how to golf. In fact, without appropriate instruction and feedback, students typically develop counterproductive habits and attitudes, such as avoiding conflict, that undercut the effectiveness of a team. In this work-in-progress paper, I describe a curricular approach that has helped my students learn how to use teams in efficient, effective ways. It allows students to practice individual skills one at a time but also presents integrative team challenges that force them to decide how and when to apply specific group process skills and strategies. These challenges consist of 90-minute scavenger hunt or escape room-like puzzles that can only be completed within the time limit if students make efficient use of their assigned teams. Students describe these ungraded puzzles as anxiety-provoking but fun, and their progressive improvement over five once-a-week puzzles suggests that they internalize effective communication skills and learn ways of efficiently using teams to solve problems.
The influence of moisture on microbial transport, survival and 2,4-D biodegradation with a genetically marked Burkholderia cepacia in unsaturated soil columns.

The influence of moisture on the survival, movement anddegradation activity of a 2,4-D degrading bacterium,Burkholderia cepacia strain BRI6001L, geneticallyengineered to contain bioluminescent and lactoseutilization genes, was studied in unsaturated soil columns.The distance traveled by BRI6001L was dependent on theclay content of the soil, higher clay contents beingresponsible for higher filtration coefficients. Long termsurvival, in excess of one year, was attributed to strainBRI6001L's ability to survive dry conditions. Changes inthe 2,4-D biodegradation rate showed a better correlationwith the BRI6001L population density than with the totalviable bacterial population. At moisture levels betweenfield capacity and 40% moisture (− 33 kPa to −100 kPa)2,4-D degradation was attributed mainly to BRI6001L. Atmoisture levels between 6 and 15%, 2,4-D disappearancewas attributed to the indigenous microbial population,with no degradation occurring at moisture levels below6%. Returning the moisture to above 40% led to anincrease of 4 orders of magnitude in the BRI6001Lpopulation density and to a 10-fold increase in the 2,4-Ddegradation rate. The ability to monitor a specificmicrobial population using reporter genes hasdemonstrated the importance of controlling moisturelevels for maximizing biodegradation rates in unsaturatedsoil environments.
Properties of DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is best known for its central role in the encoding, storage, replication, and propagation of genetic information within all known, independently living organisms. However, DNA is also a chemical material that can be produced in industrial quantities by well-developed, synthetic chemistry techniques for a wide variety of biological and nonbiological purposes. As a polymeric material with known nanometer-scale dimensions and well-understood, programmable, molecular recognition capabilities, DNA has become a leading construction material for bottom-up fabrication of nanomaterials with complex structures and functions. This field, known as structural DNA nanotechnology, has recently become a major source of self-assembling, molecularly programmed materials. To fully comprehend the design rules and application potential of DNA-based materials, it is critical for researchers to understand the characteristic properties of DNA itself; thus, delineating these underlying properties is the purpose of this chapter.
An Introduction to Molecular Biology for the Neuro-Oncologist

There is now overwhelming evidence that cancer is a genetic disease resulting from alterations in DNA. Over the past decade, advances in molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology have permitted us to make great strides in the understanding of cancer. The powerful genetic tools provided by these experimental approaches have made it possible to identify chemical and biological alterations that occur during the transformation of normal cells to malignant ones, and to catalogue the cellular changes resulting from these alterations. Molecular approaches to the pathologic classification of tumors should soon provide a rational basis upon which novel therapeutic possibilities can be examined.
Lidocaine disposition kinetics in monkey and man; I. Prediction by a perfusion model

Lidocaine pharmacokinetics are described in the unanesthetized restrained rhesus monkey after bolus and steady infusion. Simultaneous measurements of systemic and regional blood flows and tissue masses were made in the same animals. Physiologic data are combined in a perfusion model that is predictive of kinetics of lidocaine in the mankey. The model uses eight tissue compartments. Concentrations of lidocaine are described in various tissues at various times. In the first seconds after an intravenous bolus, much at the lidocaine is sequestered by the lungs; then by heart and kidneys and other rapidly perfused tissues. Redistribution then occurs into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, which accounts for the long observed half-life of lidocaine. Blood flow and tissue composition data from monkeys can be applied to man to predict blood levels of lidocaine after intravenous injection. The perfusion model is therefore potentially useful in describing and predicting blood levels in states of cardiovascular disease in both monkey and man.
Modeling uncertainty of expert elicitation for use in risk-based optimization

Capital budgeting optimization models, used in a broad number of fields, require certain and uncertain parameters. Often times, elicited subject matter expert (SME) opinion is used as a parameter estimate, which does not always yield perfect information or correspond to a single value. Because of the uncertainty of the elicitation, the unknown true value of a parameter can be modeled as a random variable from a to-be-determined distribution. We estimate a univariate distribution using four different approaches, the Beta and Gaussian distributions, a standard Gaussian Kernel estimate, and an exponential epi-spline. We also capture dependencies within the parameters through three multivariate approaches: the multivariate Gaussian distribution, the multivariate Kernel and the multivariate exponential epi-spline. This is the first three-dimensional application of the latter. Sampling from the densities, we generate scenarios and implement a superquantile risk-based, capital budgeting optimization model. Numerical experiments contrast the differences between estimators, as well as their effects on an optimal solution. Our findings demonstrate that naively averaging the SME observations for use in optimization, rather than incorporating uncertainty, results in an overly optimistic portfolio. The flexibility of the exponential epi-spline estimator to fuse soft information with observed data produces reasonable density functions for univariate and multivariate random variables. Including a decision-maker’s risk-averseness through risk-based optimization delivers conservative results while incorporating the uncertainty of unknown parameters. We demonstrate a 20% improvement for this specific case when using our approach as opposed to the naive method.
Exercise-Induced Purpura in Children.

Exercise-induced purpura, which has also been called "golfer's purpura," is a phenomenon that has been rarely reported in the pediatric literature. This is the first case series in which this benign vasculopathy, which is most often associated with warm weather and high-impact activity, is described. In this series, we describe 5 patients, most of whom had an erythematous purpuric rash above the sock line that extended to the knees and was associated with warm weather and prolonged activity. Exercise-induced purpura may be mistaken for Henoch-Schonlein purpura or as a manifestation of a possible systemic vasculitis. Recognition of this benign condition is vital to avoid an unnecessary workup and a costly evaluation with accompanying anxiety.
Pyrolyses of Chlorodifluoromethane and Trifluoromethane in the Presence of Hydrogen. Mechanism and Optimization of Reaction Conditions

When CHClF2 and CHF3 are subjected to high-temperature, gas-phase flow pyrolysis in the presence of H2, they are converted, via a free radical chain mechanism, to CH2F2, CHF2CHF2, and CF3CH2F in good yield. Optimal conditions for pyrolysis of CHClF2 involve a high conversion (92%) at 650 °C with an observed yield of products = 18, 17, and 28%, respectively, whereas optimal conditions for CHF3 involve a low conversion (24%) at 775 °C, but a higher yield of products (26, 6, and 39%, respectively).
Laser Induced Fluorescence

Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) is a technique where the emission is created by external light stimulation. The relaxation of the excited states yields photons of specific wavelengths that can be used to identify various species in the plasma. A schematic diagram of the laser induced fluorescence is shown in Fig. 18.
The PrEP Care Continuum Among Cisgender Women Who Sell Sex and/or Use Drugs Globally: A Systematic Review.

HIV prevalence among cisgender female sex workers (FSW) and/or women who use drugs (WWUD) is substantially higher compared to similarly aged women. Consistent with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted the first systematic review on the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) continuum among FSW and/or WWUD, searching PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Sociological Abstracts. Eligibility criteria included: reporting a PrEP related result among FSW and/or WWUD aged 18 + ; peer-reviewed; and published in English between 2012 and 2018. Our search identified 1365 studies; 26 met eligibility requirements, across the following groups: FSW (n = 14), WWUD (n = 9) and FSW-WWUD (n = 3). Studies report on at least one PrEP outcome: awareness (n = 12), acceptability (n = 16), uptake (n = 4), and adherence (n = 8). Specific barriers span individual and structural levels and include challenges to daily adherence, cost, and stigma. Combining health services and long-acting PrEP formulas may facilitate better PrEP uptake and adherence. The limited number of studies indicates a need for more research.
Association of maternal characteristics with latino youth health insurance disparities in the United States: a generalized structural equation modeling approach

Disparities in access to care persist for Latino youth born in the United States (US). The association of maternal characteristics, such as maternal citizenship status and insurance coverage, on youth health insurance coverage is unclear and is important to examine given the recent sociopolitical shifts occurring in the US. We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data from the 2010–2018 National Health Interview Survey to examine the association of Latina maternal citizenship status on maternal insurance coverage status and youth uninsurance among US-born Latino youth. Our study sample consisted of 15,912 US-born Latino youth (ages < 18) with linked mothers. Our outcome measures were maternal insurance coverage type and youth uninsurance and primary predictor was maternal citizenship status. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between maternal characteristics (maternal citizenship, maternal insurance coverage status) and youth uninsurance. Overall, 7% of US-born Latino youth were uninsured. Just 6% of youth with US-born mothers were uninsured compared to almost 10% of those with noncitizen mothers. Over 18% of youth with uninsured mothers were uninsured compared to 2.2% among youth with mothers who had private insurance coverage. Compared to both US-born and naturalized citizen Latina mothers, noncitizen Latina mothers had 4.75 times the odds of reporting being uninsured. Once adjusted for predisposing, enabling, and need factors, maternal uninsurance was strongly associated with youth uninsurance and maternal citizenship was weakly associated with youth uninsurance among US-born Latino youth. Maternal citizenship was associated with both maternal uninsurance and youth uninsurance among US-born Latino youth. Federal- and state-level health policymaking should apply a two-generational approach to ensure that mothers of children are offered affordable health insurance coverage, regardless of their citizenship status, thus reducing uninsurance among US-born Latino youth.
Identifying Patient Priorities for Preconception and Pregnancy Counseling in IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) commonly affects women of reproductive age. Many patients lacking knowledge about IBD and reproduction make uninformed decisions, such as voluntary childlessness and medication cessation. Education should be individualized to the patient’s knowledge base and include topics of most importance to the patient. Our study aimed to describe the priority rankings of topics selected by patients seeking preconception and pregnancy counseling. As part of an ongoing prospective study, patients with IBD were asked to rank, in order of importance, nine a priori preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum topics they would like addressed by our specialized care team, which includes an IBD physician and a high-risk obstetrician. χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess associations between clinical and demographic characteristics and priority rankings, and a p value cutoff for significance was set as .05. One hundred and fifty-eight women with IBD (mean (IQR) age; 32 (28–37) years) were seen in consultation, and 116 (70 (60%) CD, 43 (37%) UC, and 3 (3%) IBD-U) completed intake forms were analyzed. There were 78 (68%) women seen in the preconception stage, median age 31 (IQR 28–34), and 38 women (32%) were pregnant, median age 32 (IQR 28–33). Safety of IBD medications during pregnancy was most commonly ranked as top priority (40%) for all patients regardless of pregnancy status, followed by control of IBD disease activity and impact on pregnancy (31%), impact of IBD and surgery on fertility (19%), pregnancy outcomes for the baby (18%), mode of delivery (6%), inheritance of IBD (4%), breastfeeding (2%), nutritional health (2%), and vaccines and newborn care (1%). The impact of IBD and surgery on fertility was ranked as the number one priority more often in the preconception group (p value < 0.01) and mode of delivery in the pregnancy group (p value 0.04). Conclusion: Safety of IBD medications remains a priority topic for patients seeking preconception and pregnancy counseling.
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: The role of caregivers.

Abstract Background Childhood trauma exposure is unfortunately common and is associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as a number of other serious medical and mental and health disorders. After experiencing trauma, children depend on their non-offending parents to believe and support them, reframe the meaning of the trauma, and to keep them safe from future harm. Parents are often negatively impacted by their child's trauma which may contribute to the child's risk for developing PTSD and related problems. Including parents in treatment may enhance child outcomes. Methods Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is an evidence-based child and adolescent trauma treatment model that integrally includes non-offending parents or caregivers throughout treatment (hereafter referred to as “caregivers”). This article describes TF-CBT's underlying concepts, principles and core components, as well as the role of caregiver inclusion in this model, and evaluates the extant evidence for caregiver factors in predicting TF-CBT outcomes. Results Several studies suggest that inclusion of non-offending caregivers is associated with TF-CBT outcomes, and that this may occur through enhancing caregiver support of the child and/or reducing caregivers’ trauma-related maladaptive cognitions. Limitations Few studies have evaluated whether caregiver factors served as formal treatment mediators. Conclusions Including non-offending caregivers in TF-CBT can improve youth outcomes.
Integrated Opto-Electronic Circulator for Radio-over-Fiber Links

A silicon photonics integrated opto-electronic circulator for radio over fiber links is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The device shows an isolation between optical ports above 20 dB over the 0-20 GHz range.
Flexible Data Redistribution in a Task-Based Runtime System

Data redistribution aims to reshuffle data to optimize some objective for an algorithm. The objective can be multi-dimensional, such as improving computational load balance or decreasing communication volume or cost, with the ultimate goal to increase the efficiency and therefore decrease the time-to-solution for the algorithm. The classical redistribution problem focuses on optimally scheduling communications when reshuffling data between two regular, usually block-cyclic, data distributions. Recently, task-based runtime systems have gained popularity as a potential candidate to address the programming complexity on the way to exascale. In addition to an increase in portability against complex hardware and software systems, task-based runtime systems have the potential to be able to more easily cope with less-regular data distribution, providing a more balanced computational load during the lifetime of the execution. In this scenario, it becomes paramount to develop a general redistribution algorithm for task-based runtime systems, which could support all types of regular and irregular data distributions. In this paper, we detail a flexible redistribution algorithm, capable of dealing with redistribution problems without constraints of data distribution and data size and implement it in a task-based runtime system, PaRSEC. Performance results show great capability compared to ScaLAPACK, and applications highlight an increased efficiency with little overhead in terms of data distribution and data size.
Pharmaceutical Compounding: a History, Regulatory Overview, and Systematic Review of Compounding Errors.

Medications are compounded when a formulation of a medication is needed but not commercially available. Regulatory oversight of compounding is piecemeal and compounding errors have resulted in patient harm. We review compounding in the United States (US), including a history of compounding, a critique of current regulatory oversight, and a systematic review of compounding errors recorded in the literature. We gathered reports of compounding errors occurring in the US from 1990 to 2020 from PubMed, Embase, several relevant conference abstracts, and the US Food and Drug Administration “Drug Alerts and Statements” repository. We categorized reports into errors of “contamination,” suprapotency,” and “subpotency.” Errors were also subdivided by whether they resulted in morbidity and mortality. We reported demographic, medication, and outcome data where available. We screened 2155 reports and identified 63 errors. Twenty-one of 63 were errors of concentration, harming 36 patients. Twenty-seven of 63 were contamination errors, harming 1119 patients. Fifteen errors did not result in any identified harm. Compounding errors are attributed to contamination or concentration. Concentration errors predominantly result from compounding a prescription for a single patient, and disproportionately affect children. Contamination errors largely occur during bulk distribution of compounded medications for parenteral use, and affect more patients. The burden falls on the government, pharmacy industry, and medical providers to reduce the risk of patient harm caused by compounding errors. In the US, drug compounding is important in ensuring access to vital medications, but has the potential to cause patient harm without adequate safeguards.
Nature Exposure Achieves Comparable Health and Well-Being Improvements as Best Practice, Positive Psychology Interventions

Folk wisdom and scientific research alike suggest that spending time in nature is good for mental and physical health. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting this idea, questions surrounding...
Standardized Feeding Approach Mitigates Weight Loss in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a standardized feeding approach using a clinical nutrition pathway on weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) over hospital length of stay (HLOS) for infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). Study design A 10-year retrospective cohort study examined eligible infants who underwent neonatal cardiac surgery between July 2009 and December 2018 (n = 987). Eligibility criteria included infants born at least 37 weeks of gestation and a minimum birth weight of 2 kg who underwent cardiac surgery for CHD within the first 30 days of life. Using the best linear unbiased predictions from a linear mixed effects model, WAZ change over HLOS was estimated before and after January 2013, when the standardized feeding approach was initiated. The best linear unbiased predictions model included adjustment for patient characteristics including sex, race, HLOS, and class of cardiac defect. Results The change in WAZ over HLOS was significantly higher from 2013 to 2018 than from 2009 to 2012 (β = 0.16; SE = 0.02; P Conclusions These data suggest that an organized, focused approach for nutrition therapy using a standardized pathway improves weight change outcomes before hospital discharge for infants with single and 2 ventricle CHD who require neonatal cardiac surgery.
Volumetric Imaging: The Three-dimensional Fourier Transform

In almost all imaging applications, we are in fact interested in viewing a volume of tissue; a single slice just does not convey sufficient clinical information to be useful. How then do we do it? In many, perhaps most, cases, we acquire a set of separate images, each representing a slice of tissue. If we set up the scan so that the slices are adjacent to each other, we will represent the volume of interest as a set of contiguous slices. However, it is important to recognize that these slices are in fact independently acquired images. We will now discuss an alternative approach. In three-dimensional imaging, the entire volume of tissue is imaged at once and, so to speak, chopped up after the fact into a group of slices.
Management of hyperkalemia and associated complications in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with urinary obstruction requiring surgery

ABSTRACT Urethral obstruction is always an emergency for male ferrets and can lead to hyperkalemia. Surgical treatment under general anesthesia can be required. Untreated hyperkalemia before anesthetic induction can be fatal. A 2-year-old, 1.01 kg, neutered male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented for lethargy, hematuria, and stranguria. Radiographs revealed urolithiasis involving the bladder and urethra. When presented for anesthesia, the ferret had hyperkalemia. Before anesthesia, the potassium was normalized rapidly through a combination of saline, dextrose, insulin, and terbutaline. Terbutaline was added to the therapeutic regime as a result of persistent hyperkalemia. Severe hypotension developed during anesthesia which can be partially attributed to the peripheral vasodilatory effect of terbutaline. Hypoglycemia developed as a result of failure to monitor blood glucose level frequently during surgery and suboptimal regime used for insulin and dextrose. Potassium level in a hyperkalemic ferret can be normalized before anesthesia with a combination of therapeutic agents like saline, sodium bicarbonate, insulin, and dextrose. In a case of persistent hyperkalemia, terbutaline can be added to the therapeutic plan. It is important that blood pressure and blood glucose level are monitored closely to prevent hypotension possibly due to terbutaline and hypoglycemia as a result of insulin. The purpose of this report is to describe a case of a ferret with hyperkalemia that needed rapid correction before anesthesia.
Leg and Joint Stiffness Adaptations to Minimalist and Maximalist Running Shoes.

The running footwear literature reports a conceptual disconnect between shoe cushioning and external impact loading: footwear or surfaces with greater cushioning tend to result in greater impact force characteristics during running. Increased impact loading with maximalist footwear may reflect an altered lower-extremity gait strategy to adjust for running in compliant footwear. The authors hypothesized that ankle and knee joint stiffness would change to maintain the effective vertical stiffness, as cushioning changed with minimalist, traditional, and maximalist footwear. Eleven participants ran on an instrumental treadmill (3.5 m·s-1) for a 5-minute familiarization in each footwear, plus an additional 110 seconds before data collection. Vertical, leg, ankle, and knee joint stiffness and vertical impact force characteristics were calculated. Mixed model with repeated measures tested differences between footwear conditions. Compared with traditional and maximalist, the minimalist shoes were associated with greater average instantaneous and average vertical loading rates (P < .050), greater vertical stiffness (P ≤ .010), and less change in leg length between initial contact and peak resultant ground reaction force (P < .050). No other differences in stiffness or impact variables were observed. The shoe cushioning paradox did not hold in this study due to a similar musculoskeletal strategy for running in traditional and maximalist footwear and running with a more rigid limb in minimalist footwear.
The Temporality of Identity in Planned Cities: A Case Study of Zhong Xing New Village, Taiwan

In 1957, the Kuomintang (KMT), Chiang Kai - Shek’s nationalist government, planned and built Zhong Xing New Village (ZXNV), a garden city, to house the Taiwan Provincial Government. Despite the benefits of public housing, healthcare, and education, ZXNV experienced a two - third drop in population after 1985. The political liberalization and democratization of Taiwan in the 1980s and 1990s led to the reclamation of Taiwanese national identity that rejected the hegemony of the KMT and the physical manifestations of this colonial history, including ZXNV. ZXNV was a utopian ideal constructed during a time of authoritarian rule for a specific political purpose and homogenous population. ZXNV’s inability to change its purpose and identity led to its ultimate depopulation. Ethnographic fieldwork reveals the changes in ZXNV’s built environment and neighborhood culture influenced by socio - political transformations over the last sixty years. Fourteen interviews were conducted with two generations of ZXNV residents, and archival research reveals the intended design and policies of the city. Key findings include the structural flaws in the city’s design, the exposure of political tensions between the national and provincial governments, and the changing national identity of Taiwan due to globalization, all of which led to the ultimate downfall of Zhong Xing New Village.
Differential thermal curves of prepared mixtures of clay minerals

"Reprinted from the American mineralogist vol. 32, nos.9 and 10, pp.493-501, 1947; vol. 33, nos. 1 and 2, pp.50-9, 1948."
A Study of the Effects of Information on the Size of the Evoked Set

This study investigated the relationship between the size of the evoked set and (1) selected aspects of the information environment potentially available, and (2) the strategy used by individuals to acquire information, The results both support and extend existing research on the evoked set and provide additional insights into the strategies used by consumers to simplify the brand selection process.
Isotopic study of sulfate sources and residence times in a subalpine watershed

Stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios and naturally occurring 35SSO4 activities were used to examine sulfate sources, address the role of sulfur dynamics, and estimate residence times of atmospherically derived sulfate in Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado. In 1996, surface water samples from small streams flowing through talus, forest, and wetland areas had δ34SSO4 values ranging from 1.8 to 3.7‰. Values of δ18OSO4 at the three sites ranged from –1.3 to 3.7‰. Average δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 values in Loch Vale precipitation (1991–1999) are higher (5.2 and 13.6, respectively) than surface water values, indicating that some of the deposited sulfate is transformed and/or mixed with other sulfur sources in the watershed (e.g. mineral and organic sulfur). Sulfate ages determined by 35SSO4 activities support this and show that deposited sulfate may be stored on a timescale of 1 year or more prior to being released to surface waters.
Exile and Journey in Seventeenth-Century Literature: Nostalgia and nationalism in New England literature

I would like to begin, as is our convention these days, with a story – the story, aptly for an exploration of exile, of a passage. The early Puritan settlers in America, of course, told many stories about passages, the majority feeding into diverse foundational myths that envisioned a pious passage of legions of conscientious souls to the shores of the New World. Yet, while I am ultimately concerned with this mass movement of individuals whose motives assuredly were untidily complex, I would like instead to begin, somewhat heretically, with the passage of an object. In doing so, I wish to emphasize the transatlantic and the eventual rather than the American and the originary. That is, whereas the story of the movement of a people, the Puritans, can easily resolve itself into the story of the beginnings and evolution of the American way, the story of the movement of objects must describe the complex interconnectedness of the English Atlantic world. Whereas the Great Migration is most often considered, somewhat inaccurately, unidirectional, the migration of objects must comprehend the multilateral and encompass not only the British Isles and New England, but also the Chesapeake, the West Indies, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay, the Azores and southern Europe. It is not surprising that one of the strongest statements for an interconnected and mutually dependent Atlantic world, Ian Steele's The English Atlantic , often focuses on the traffic in goods: tobacco, molasses, lumber, fish, and news and information.
Application of Slater-Condon Theory with Configuration Interaction to the5d106s6p,5d96s26p,5d106s7p, and5d106s5fConfigurations in Hg i, Tl ii, Pb iii, and Bi iv

The calculations were based on fitting radial parameters to the observed energy levels, but with a requirement of regularity in the behavior of each parameter value along the isoelectronic sequence. Some parameters or ratios of parameters were fixed at values based on isoelectronic comparisons or adjusted Hartree-Fock values. The calculated levels, $g$ values, and $\mathrm{LS}$ percentage compositions are given for each atom, and comparisons with experimental data are made. The results support new $5{d}^{9}6{s}^{2}6p$ levels recently found in Hgi, Tlii, and Biiv, and one experimental $5{d}^{9}6{s}^{2}6p$ level in Pb iii is rejected as unreal. The calculated ratio of the lifetimes of the Hgi $5{d}^{10}6s6p^{3}P_{1}^{0}$ and $^{1}P_{1}^{0}$ levels is compared with the experimental value. Some comparisons of calculated and observed isotope shifts are made for Hgi, Tlii, and Pbiii. The leading percentages in the $\mathrm{jj}$ coupling scheme are listed for levels having assigned $\mathrm{jj}$ names ($5{d}^{9}6{s}^{2}6p$ levels in all four atoms and $5{d}^{10}6s7p$ levels in three atoms).
A bubblelike coronal mass ejection flux rope in the solar wind

A resolution to the question of whether coronal mass ejections are loops or bubbles is proposed and applied to the geometrical analysis of a solar wind event detected at 1 AU by ISEE 1 and 3. The discontinuity orientations, the size determined by time of passage, and the magnetic cloud signature are fit into the topology of a flux rope loop distorted by expansion into a thick rope with comparable dimensions in both the ecliptic and meridional planes. The looped rope fills a bubblelike cavity, thus preserving both types of proposed coronal mass ejection geometries. Other interesting features of the data include an apparent separation by the rope core of bidirectionally streaming protons in the leading section from electrons in the trailing section, possible vortical flow within the magnetic cloud, and a well-defined filamentary structure behind the shock.
GE0RGE GISSING'S AMBIVALENT REALISM

In this essay I examine one author9s peculiar struggle with the implications and expectations of realism in �ction. In late-Victorian England, George Gissing was at the epicenter of the debates about realism in the novel; for many of his contemporaries he was the archetypal writer of realist �ction. His novels seemed to rely on the grim detail and un�inching techniques associated with that school, and in his criticism he returned constantly to the question of "the place of realism in �ction" (the title of an essay he wrote in 1895). But Gissing never reached a stable verdict on the subject. In his masterpiece, New Grub Street (1891), one of his destitute writer-�gures is nicknamed "the Realist" and preaches "an absolute realism"; in the ruthless world of Gissing9s modern Grub Street, the catchword is almost everywhere. What is so odd about the novel is how Gissing9s portraits of aspiring realists vacillate between genuine sympathy and merciless satire. Sometimes Gissing seems to identify with those who subscribe to a platform of late-Victorian realism; at other times he appears to mock the whole ridiculous affair. New Grub Street effectively dramatizes Gissing9s ambivalence about the workings and purposes of realism in the novel. In this essay I study his vexed attitude by considering New Grub Street in relation to Gissing9s Augustan satirical precursors, the response to his �ction in the 1890s, and his own critical writings from the era, especially his extensive commentary on Charles Dickens.
Capnocytophaga ochracea Septicemia

A case report describing Capnocytophaga ochracea (Bacteroides ochraceus) septicemia in a 21-year-old male patient receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia is presented. The unusual features of this organism are discussed together with a review of the literature.
Bringing a Network-Oriented Approach to Domestic Violence Services: A Focus Group Exploration of Promising Practices

Despite powerful evidence that informal social support contributes to survivors' safety and well-being, mainstream domestic violence (DV) programs have not developed comprehensive models for helping isolated survivors re-engage with these networks. Although many advocates use network-oriented strategies informally, they often do so without resources, funding, or training. This qualitative focus group study explored advocates' use and perceptions of network-oriented strategies. Advocates working in a range of DV programs across one state described the importance of network-oriented work and articulated its five dimensions, including helping survivors build their capacity to form healthy relationships, identify helpful and harmful network members, re-engage with existing networks, develop new relationships, and respond more effectively to network members.
Preweaning Diet Affects Bile Lipid Composition and Bile Acid Kinetics in Infant Baboons

We tested, with 14-wk-old baboons before weaning, the hypothesis that bile acid metabolism is differentially affected by breast feeding or by feeding formulas with a high polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio or with a low ratio, similar to that of breast milk. Bile lipid content, bile acid pool size, fractional turnover rate, synthetic rate and conjugate composition were measured in a single bile sample 9 d after an injection on d 1 of a mixture of [14C]cholic and [14C]chenodeoxycholic acids and an injection of a mixture of [3H]cholic acid and [3H]chenodeoxycholic acid on d 8. The principal biliary bile acid was chenodeoxycholic acid. The only difference in chenodeoxycholic acid metabolism among the infant diet groups was a lower chenodeoxycholic acid synthetic rate in baboons fed the low polyunsaturated:saturated formula compared with those fed the high polyunsaturated:saturated formula or breast-fed. Cholic acid metabolism was significantly affected by infant diet: breast-fed infants had a smaller cholic acid pool size, lower cholic acid percentage of total bile acids, higher cholic acid glycine:taurine conjugate ratio and larger cholic acid fractional turnover rate than formula-fed animals. The polyunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio in the formulas did not significantly affect these variables. These results show that differences in bile acid metabolism between breast- and formula-fed infant baboons are limited principally to cholic acid. These differences likely are due to factors other than fatty acid saturation.
Isoelectric focusing patterns of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin

Multiple components in two antigenic variants of staphylococcal exfoliative toxin were demonstrated by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The main components had an isoionic point of pH=7.0 while other components ranged from pI=4.5 to pI=8.5. Each individual component was shown to possess full biologic and serologic activity after focusing. Isoelectric focusing in the presence of 8 M urea also showed microheterogeneity in exfoliative toxin preparations. The various components appear to be reversible conformers, possibly raised by exposure to the ph gradient of the ampholines.