cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT)-collected pancreatic fluid proteins precipitated via ultracentrifugation.

Context We have shown previously that trichloroacetic acid precipitation is an effective method of protein extraction from pancreatic fluid for downstream biomarker discovery, compared to other common extraction methods tested. Objective We aim to assess the utility of ultracentrifugation as an alternative method of protein extraction from pancreatic fluid. Design Proteins extracted from trichloroacetic acid- and ultracentrifugation-precipitated pancreatic fluid were identified using mass spectrometry techniques (in-gel tryptic digestion followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; GeLC-MS/MS). Data were analyzed using Proteome Discoverer and Scaffold 3. Setting This is a proteomic analysis experiment of endoscopically collected fluid in an academic center. Patients The study population included adult patients referred to the Center for Pancreatic Disease at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA for the evaluation of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. Interventions Secretin-stimulated pancreatic fluid was collected as standard of care for the evaluation of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. Main outcome measures We compared proteins identified via standard trichloroacetic acid precipitation and this alternative ultracentrifugation strategy. Results A subset of pancreatic fluid proteins was identified via the ultracentrifugation method. Of these proteins, similar numbers were obtained from fully tryptic or semi-tryptic database searching. Proteins identified in the ultracentrifugation-precipitated samples included previously identified biomarker candidates of chronic pancreatitis. Conclusions This alternative ultracentrifugation strategy requires less time and fewer handling procedures than standard trichloroacetic acid precipitation, at the expense of higher sample volume. As such, this method is well suited for targeted assays (i.e., dot blotting or targeted mass spectrometry) if the protein of interest is among those readily identified by ultracentrifugation-promoted precipitation. Image: SDS-PAGE protein fractionation.
Designing Interdisciplinary Approaches To Problem Solving Into Computer Languages

Many interdisciplinary design efforts require the involvement of computer scientists because of the complexity of the problem solving tools available for the projects. This paper demonstrates how appropriate language design can place high level languages in the hands of scientists and engineers, thus providing a more automated approach to problem solving that may reduce the amount of computer scientist involvement. The language SequenceL serves as an example of this approach.
Industrial combining RF and system test of microwave devices using QPSK modulation

Vector Network Analyzer is considered as the classical characterization instrument for RF-devices but it requires time, equipments and increases the cost of tested equipments. A new method is presented and suggested for industrial test of microwave devices. This procedure is based on EVM system-parameter linked to transmission S-parameter. The procedure of the test is easier and six times faster than VNA test. A single value of EVM allows knowing the functionality of the device and few points describe the RF-device characteristics. First tests were done on Butterworth filters of different orders.
Isolation of a right hemisphere cognitive system in a patient with anarchic (alien) hand sign

We report evidence of isolated conceptual knowledge in the right hemisphere of a woman with chronic anarchic hand sign after ischemic infarction of the central four-fifths of the corpus callosum. Limited visual information was available to the right hemisphere, access to medial temporal structures subserving memory was disrupted and disconnection from left hemisphere language structures was complete. Still, the right hemisphere could build mental representations of objects via tactile input and use them in cross-modal matching. These representations were not accessed consistently in auditory comprehension or naming tasks. This functional specificity and its pathoanatomical correlates demonstrate that the study of anarchic hand sign can illuminate not just motor control issues but may inform our understanding of the representation and lateralization of conceptual knowledge as well. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
FPGA PUF using programmable delay lines

This paper proposes a novel approach for efficient implementation of a real-valued arbiter-based physical unclon-able function (PUF) on FPGA. We introduce a high resolution programmable delay logic (PDL) implemented by lookup table (LUT) internal structure. Using the PDL, we perform fine tuning to cancel out delay skews caused by asymmetries in routing and systematic variations. We devise a symmetric switch structure that can be easily implemented on FPGA. To mitigate the arbiter metastability problem, we present and analyze methods for majority voting of responses. Lastly, a method to classify and group challenges into different robustness sets is introduced, to further increase the corresponding responses' stability in the face of environmental variations. Experimental evaluations show that the responses to robust challenges have an average error rate of less than 2% under temperature variations from −10°C to 75°C.
DDX6 (Rck/p54) Is Required for Efficient Hepatitis C Virus Replication but Not for Internal Ribosome Entry Site-Directed Translation

DDX6 (Rck/p54) is an evolutionarily conserved member of the SF2 DEAD-box RNA helicase family that contributes to the regulation of translation and storage and the degradation of cellular mRNAs. It interacts with multiple proteins and is a component of the micro-RNA (miRNA)-induced silencing complex (miRISC). Since miRNA-122 (miR-122) is essential for efficient hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, we investigated the requirement for DDX6 in HCV replication in cultured hepatoma cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of DDX6 and rescue with an siRNA-resistant mutant demonstrated that DDX6 expression is indeed required for optimal HCV replication. However, DDX6 knockdown did not impair miR-122 biogenesis or alter HCV responsiveness to miR-122 supplementation. Overexpression of DDX6 fused to EYFP (EYFP-DDX6) enhanced replication, whereas a helicase-deficient mutant with a substitution in the conserved DEAD-box motif II (DQAD) had a dominant-negative effect, reducing HCV yields. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed an intracellular complex containing DDX6, HCV core protein, and both viral and cellular RNAs, the formation of which was dependent upon the C-terminal domain of DDX6 but not DDX6 helicase activity. However, since DDX6 abundance influenced the replication of subgenomic HCV RNAs lacking core sequence, the relevance of this complex is uncertain. Importantly, DDX6 knockdown caused minimal reductions in cellular proliferation, generally stimulated cellular translation ([ 35 S]Met incorporation), and did not impair translation directed by the HCV internal ribosome entry site. Thus, DDX6 helicase activity is essential for efficient HCV replication, reflecting essential roles for DDX6 in HCV genome amplification and/or maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
Comparative morphology of the bursal nozzles in acoels (Acoela, Acoelomorpha).

Systematics of the Acoela is particularly difficult because of the paucity of readily discernible morphological features. In other soft-bodied worms, sclerotized structures, such as copulatory stylets, provide important characters that can be seen in whole mounts, but acoels generally lack such features. Among the few sclerotized structures in acoels are bursal nozzles—tubiform outlets on the seminal bursae that are believed to be conduits (spermatic ducts) through which allosperm are transported to the oocytes. Early classifications of the Acoela used features of the female reproductive system, including bursal nozzles, for distinguishing major groups, but the current system essentially ignores them as too plastic to provide higher-level distinctions. We used confocal and electron microscopy to further characterize bursal nozzles in five acoel species, and found all composed of actin-reinforced extensions of stacked, flat mesenchymal cells. In Notocelis gullmarensis, Aphanostoma bruscai, and Daku woorimensis, the nozzle is a stiffened region of the same cells forming the wall of the bursa. By contrast, in Wulguru cuspidata cells forming the nozzle are distinct from those of the bursa. The so-called bursal cap of A. bruscai and D. woorimensis has small sclerotized disjunct units within it, also composed of stacked, flat, actin-reinforced cells. The nozzle of W. cuspidata, prominent like that of other convolutid acoels, is relatively complex, its actin-reinforced cells sandwiched with secretory cells and its base bearing a “sorting apparatus” of egg-shaped cells that send narrow processes inside the spermatic duct. Cases of sperm inside the nozzle corroborate its assumed role in reproduction. Whereas most nozzles sit at the end of the bursa facing the ovary, in species of Pseudmecynostomum and purportedly in a few other acoels, they sit between the female pore and the bursa, constituting what we call a vaginal nozzle. All bursal nozzles of acoels show a common ground pattern indicating common ancestry, but certain features discerned through electron and confocal microscopy show promise of providing synapomorphies for grouping some species. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi induces inflammation and apoptosis in cells from dorsal root ganglia

Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, affects both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. Radiculitis or nerve root inflammation, which can cause pain, sensory loss, and weakness, is the most common manifestation of peripheral LNB in humans. We previously reported that rhesus monkeys infected with B. burgdorferi develop radiculitis as well as inflammation in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), with elevated levels of neuronal and satellite glial cell apoptosis in the DRG. We hypothesized that B. burgdorferi induces inflammatory mediators in glial and neuronal cells and that this inflammatory milieu precipitates glial and neuronal apoptosis. To model peripheral neuropathy in LNB we incubated normal rhesus DRG tissue explants with live B. burgdorferi ex vivo and identified immune mediators, producer cells, and verified the presence of B. burgdorferi in tissue sections by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. We also set up primary cultures of DRG cells from normal adult rhesus macaques and incubated the cultures with live B. burgdorferi. Culture supernatants were subjected to multiplex ELISA to detect immune mediators, while the cells were evaluated for apoptosis by the in situ TUNEL assay. A role for inflammation in mediating apoptosis was assessed by evaluating the above phenomena in the presence and absence of various concentrations of the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. As Schwann cells ensheath the dorsal roots of the DRG, we evaluated the potential of live B. burgdorferi to induce inflammatory mediators in human Schwann cell (HSC) cultures. Rhesus DRG tissue explants exposed to live B. burgdorferi showed localization of CCL2 and IL-6 in sensory neurons, satellite glial cells and Schwann cells while IL-8 was seen in satellite glial cells and Schwann cells. Live B. burgdorferi induced elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 in HSC and DRG cultures and apoptosis of sensory neurons. Dexamethasone reduced the levels of immune mediators and neuronal apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. In this model, B. burgdorferi induced an inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis of DRG. These pathophysiological processes could contribute to peripheral neuropathy in LNB.
Certolizumab Pegol: A TNF-α Antagonist for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Crohn's Disease

Objective:To review certolizumab pegol for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD).Data Sources:Clinical studies were identified through MEDLINE (1966–October 1, 2009), bibliographies of articles, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, clinicaltrials.gov, fda.gov, and New Drug Approval documents (www.accessdata.fda.gov). Search terms were CDP 870, certolizumab pegol, Cimzia, Crohn's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Human studies describing pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of certolizumab pegol were identified. Phase 2 and Phase 3 randomized controlled trials and observational studies were reviewed, with emphasis given to Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials.Data Synthesis:Certolizumab pegol is a tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) antagonist, approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe CD that is failing conventional therapy. It is an antigen-binding fragment (Fab') portion of an immunoglobulin G antibody attached to a polyethylene...
Evaluation of mannitol salt agar, CHROMagar Staph aureus and CHROMagar MRSA for detection of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal swab specimens

Mannitol salt agar (MSA), CHROMagar Staph aureus (CSA) and CHROMagar MRSA (CSA-MRSA) were evaluated with nasal surveillance specimens for their ability to detect Staphylococcus aureus and meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). CSA was found to be more sensitive than MSA in detecting S. aureus (98 versus 84.3 %; P=0.03). CSA and CSA-MRSA were equivalent in the ability to detect MRSA at 24 h (89.7 versus 87.2 %) and at 48 h (94.9 versus 94.9 %). When combined with Staphaurex slide confirmation testing, both CSA and CSA-MRSA were highly specific (100 %) media for detecting MRSA from nasal swab specimens.
New development in CVD tungsten technology for multilevel interconnection

A newly developed low-temperature silane-reduced selective tungsten deposition process is described, which is suitable for applications in VLSI multilevel interconnection. The most important advances in the selective deposition process are the lowered deposition temperature and increased deposition rate. With the addition of silane, the deposition temperature has been lowered to below 300 degrees C from 450 to 550 degrees C for the conventional two-step process involving Si reduction followed by hydrogen reduction. At the same time, the deposition rate has been increased by a factor of five to ten depending on the optical density of the exposed area. Other benefits of the low-temperature process include absence of leakage currents caused by tunneling and encroachment, and much enhanced selectivity. The frequency of cleaning the deposition system has also been reduced because of reduced deposition temperature. Significantly improved electrical properties have been obtained on various devices. >
Stochastic rays pulse propagation

We consider a stochastic-ray model of wave propagation based on the theory of random walks that accounts for only two parameters: the amount of clutter and the amount of absorption in the environment. This model applies to indoor and outdoor environments, characterized by a large number of (small) scattering objects. Examples are microcells for personal communication and networks of multihop wireless sensors or laptop computers. We extend our previous results on narrow-band signals to impulse waveforms, deriving a closed form solution for the power delay profile of the received signal.
An Exploration of the Role of Transient Eddies in Determining the Transport of a Zonally Reentrant Current

The meridional Ekman transport in a zonally reentrant channel may be balanced by diabatic circulations, standing eddies associated with topography, or by Lagrangian mean eddy mass fluxes. A simple model is used to explore the interaction between these mechanisms. A key assumption of this study is that diabatic forcing in the poleward edge of the channel acts to create lighter fluid, as is the case with net freshwater fluxes into the Southern Ocean. For weak wind forcing or strong diabatic constraint, a simple scaling argument accurately predicts the level of baroclinic shear. However, given our understanding of the relative magnitudes of Ekman flux and deep upwelling, this is not the appropriate parameter range for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. With stronger wind stresses, eddies are prominent, with baroclinic instability initially developing in the vicinity of large topography. Arguments have been advanced by a number of authors that baroclinic instability should limit the velocity shear, leading to a stiff upper limit on the transport of the current. However, in the simulations presented here baroclinic instability is largely confined to the region of topographic highs, and the approach to a current that is independent of the wind stress occurs gradually. Several recent parameterizations of transient eddy fluxes do not reproduce key features of the observed behavior.
A sadomasochistic transference: its relation to distortions in the rapprochement subphase.

The development of a rageful sadomasochistic transference early in an analysis is presented. We describe key interventions that foster its resolution and offer a reconstruction of the patient's early life, focusing on difficulty in the rapprochement phase. We believe that the intense and difficult to manage sadomasochistic transference was linked to a repudiation of both preoedipal and oedipal triangulation, resulting in the perpetuation of a hostile dependent motherchild dyad and in the patient's unconscious belief that sadomasochistic interactions were the only means of establishing and maintaining a close relationship. THIS PAPER CONCERNS A RAGEFUL sadomasochistic transference which dominated the early stage of an analysis—an occurrence surprising to both analyst (B. J. Seelig) and supervisor (E. S. Person), since the patient had originally been diagnosed as a hysterical personality and was believed to be an almost ideal analytic patient. Only later did we discover that our patient, Miss T., had throughout her life invariably clung to a primary relationship considered by her to be the only meaningful one in her life, and characterized by a reciprocal victimvictimizer dynamic. For her, such a sadomasochistic interaction constituted the paradigm for any intimate relationship. Early on in the analysis she felt misunderstood and abused
Free Speech Consequentialism

Balancing the harms and benefits of speech — what I call “free speech consequentialism” — is pervasive and seemingly unavoidable. Under current doctrine, courts determine if speech can be regulated using various forms of free speech consequentialism, such as weighing whether a particular kind of speech causes harms that outweigh its benefits, or asking whether the government has especially strong reasons for regulating particular kinds of speech. Recent scholarship has increasingly argued for more free speech consequentialism. Scholars maintain that free speech jurisprudence does not properly account for the harms caused by speech, and that it should allow for more regulation of harmful kinds of speech. This article evaluates the various ways courts already employ free speech consequentialism. It then establishes and defends a principled basis for determining when speech’s harms greatly outweigh its virtues. I argue that courts should engage in free speech consequentialism sparingly, and should constrain themselves to considering only the harms caused by speech that can be analogized to harms caused by conduct. In this article, I develop a framework that recognizes the need to incorporate free speech consequentialism, and to constrain it, at various stages of First Amendment analysis, in connection with both tort and criminal law. I then apply this framework to timely and difficult speech issues, including campus hate speech, revenge porn, trigger warnings, and government speech — with the aim of rehabilitating core values of our First Amendment doctrine and practice.
Office Automation and Managerial Productivity: Some Issues

Efforts to streamline office processes have, in the past, concentrated on augmenting clerical tasks through automated word processing and document preparation technologies. More recently, the needs for improved office productivity have directed productivity boosting technologies at managers and their jobs. This paper presents concepts of managerial productivity within the framework of evolving managerial roles in the changing office environment. Areas where office technologies could augment managerial activities and several socioeconomic considerations for the implementation of new technologies are also discussed.
Mammary gland growth in the hypophysectomized pregnant rat (38522).

Growth of the mammary gland during the first 20 days of pregnancy in the rat may be mimicked by injecting 2 pg estradiol benzoate and 6 mg progesterone subcutaneously into ovariectomized rats each day for 19 days (1). This observation led to the concept that mammary gland growth is dependent primarily upon the ovarian steroid hormones in synergism with a mammotropic hormone of anterior pituitary origin. However, the involvement of the placenta in hypophysectomized rats and mice as a stimulator of mammary gland growth has been demonstrated (2-4). Attempts to extract and concentrate placental substances with mammotropic and/or luteotropic properties have been partially successful (5-8) or unsuccessObjectives of the present study were to determine the amount of mammary gland growth that would occur when the pituitary gland was removed at mid-pregnancy in the rat and to determine whether or not a relationship between the amount of placental tissue present and the quantitative growth of the mammary gland was demonstrable. Chemical determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) served as the index for mammary gland growth. Materials and Methods. Mature female albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer strain were maintained in colony cages of five animals per cage at a constant temperature of 25.6 1" with 14 hr of artificial light each day and free access to Purina Lab Chow and tap water. Vaginal smears were obtained each morning by vaginal lavage and at least one full estrous cycle was followed prior to mating. The day in which sperm were detected in the smear was designated day 1 of pregnancy. In the first experiment, animals were ful (9).
Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis.

Progressive fibrosis in the kidney, liver, lung, heart, bone marrow, and skin is both a major cause of suffering and death and an important contributor to the cost of health care. All of this is li...
Late Gothic architecture at Guadalupe and Saña on the northern Peruvian coast and the function of rib vaulting

Located in the remote towns of Guadalupe and Sana on the northern Peruvian coast are a group of churches that represent some of the finest examples of Spanish colonial late Gothic architecture. The Augustinian church and monastery of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe (rebuilt after 1619) and the Augustinian church and monastery at Sana (c. 1619) both exhibit impressive systems of rib vaulting harmoniously integrated with Roman arches and domical vaults. This article examines these religious buildings based on first-hand archeological research, with special consideration of the use of Gothic rib vaulting as an anti-seismic structural system and the identification of some late medieval Spanish sources that appear to have inspired their design.
STUDY ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF Fe-Ni-Mo-(Si)-B AMORPHOUS ALLOYS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS

Crystallization behaviors of Fe40Ni38Mo4B18, Fe38Ni35Mo4Si5B18 and Fe39Ni36Mo2Si5B18(atomic fraction, %) amorphous alloys, as well as magnetic properties of the Fe40Ni38Mo4B18, alloy annealed in the temperature range from 400℃ to 520℃ for 1 h have been investigated. The results show that for the samples of Fe40Ni38Mo4B18 annealed in the temperature range of 430-450℃, a single fee phase with composition near Ni3Fe and grain size of about 10 um precipitates in the amorphous matrix, and exhibits good soft magnetic properties, and when annealed at Ta470℃, the magnetic properties drop rapidly, which is mainly due to the formations of Fe-B and Ni-B compounds. For the samples of Fe38Ni35Mo4Si5B18 and Fe39Ni36Mo2Si5B18, fcc phace and Fe-B compounds precipitate almost simultaneously in amorphous matrix by annealing treatment.
Content of Aluminum in Flour Products and Its exposure to people in Chengdu

Objective To understand the aluminum contamination in flour products in Chengdu and to evaluate the of aluminum exposure to residents,so as to provide a basis for food safety regulatory.Methods A total of556 samples of flour products(including steamed bread,fried flour foods,expanded food,and so on) were collected from supermarkets,bazaars and food stalls in 19 surveillance spots in Chengdu from 2009 to 2011.Aluminum content was detected from samples according to GB/T5009.182-2003.The safety status of foods exposed by aluminum was evaluated based on Chengdu residents' flour food intake with reference of China National Nutrition and Health Survey,2002.Results The average aluminum content in flour food products was72.12mg/kg.The P90 aluminum content in flour foods was 139.28 mg/kg.The average aluminum exposure of flour foods per week for Chengdu residents reached to71% of PTWI.At the same time,the aluminum content in baking powder was monitored in Chengdu and high aluminum content was founded.The average aluminum was 5836.24mg/kg,and much higher than the yeast,baking powder and other food leavening agent.Conclusion The aluminum exposure of flour foods to Chengdu residents has a security risk.The key point should be to effectively strengthen the supervision and management of flour foods,particularly the use of flour foods leavening agents in food processing.
Current Situation and Development Measures of Large-Scale Grain-Production Household in Jiangxi

As an important part of the new agricultural business entity, large-scale grain-production household plays a significant positive role in improving the land resource utilization and agricultural productivity, and increasing agricultural output and the income of farmers,which makes a certain contribution to stabilize grain production.This paper analyzes the current situation of large-scale grain-production household in Jiangxi, and the problems in land transfer, farmland infrastructure, production and management, capital investment and so on;and puts forward relevant suggestions on the development of large-scale grain-production households, i. e. improving the policy of land transfer, building standard transfer procedure, increasing the financial support, completing the lending facility, developing the social service in agriculture and promoting the quality of farmers.
Postoperative Critical Care of Lung Transplant Patients

Lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage lung disease. Such interventions have had a more widespread use due to advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this patient population and the immunologic mechanisms involved with rejection and immunosuppressive therapy. There have also been substantial surgical technical advancements as well as development of new pharmacologic agents during the last 30 years. Due to such improvements, lung transplant recipients have now a better survival rate. The role of the multidisciplinary critical care team is paramount in the successful implementation of lung transplantation and in preventing and minimizing morbidity and mortality in this highly complex patient population. In particular, it is important for the critical care professional to have a comprehensive knowledge of the unique complications and issues present in multiple organ systems that can affect the lung transplant recipient patient during the immediate postoperative period.
Outcome analyses of patients with metastatic cervical cancers in a phase I clinic.

e13534 Background: Patients with metastatic cervical cancers have a poor prognosis and few effective therapies available. Thus, access to a phase I trial may provide a viable option. Methods: Outco...
The Connective Tissue Extracellular Matrix and Its Major Components

Dentists are concerned with the structures of the oral cavity, the teeth, the oral mucosa, the underlying dermis and the alveolar bone. The dermis beneath the oral mucosa and surrounding the teeth is similar to the dermis beneath the skin. Both are primarily composed of collagen fibers within a connective tissue or stromal matrix. Variants of this matrix are present in the soft and hard tissues of the body, including the teeth, gingiva, periodontium, and alveolar bone. The Sects. 1 and 2 of this introductory chapter describe the gingival stromal matrix and its major components. Sect. 3 describes how the cells and stroma interact. Subsequent chapters describe in detail the structures of the various types of collagen, elastin, and other proteins and proteoglycans that contribute to the matrix (Chap. 6), the synthesis and breakdown of collagen (Chaps. 7 and 8), the structure and synthesis of bone and tooth enamel (Chap. 9), and bone dissolution and turnover related to overall calcium metabolism (Chap. 10).
Puncturing the pipeline: Do technology companies alienate women in recruiting sessions?:

A 'chilly' environment limits women's advancement through the educational pipeline leading to jobs in science and technology. However, we know relatively little about the environment women encounter after making it through the educational pipeline. Do technology companies create environments that may dampen women's interest at the juncture when they are launching their careers? Using original observational data from 84 recruiting sessions hosted by technology companies at a prominent university on the US West Coast, we find that company representatives often engage in behaviors that are known to create a chilly environment for women. Through gender-imbalanced presenter roles, geek culture references, overt use of gender stereotypes, and other gendered speech and actions, representatives may puncture the pipeline, lessening the interest of women at the point of recruitment into technology careers.
Financial expertise on audit committees of loan applicants: a research note to test the effects on lending decisions

The purpose of this study is to examine whether audit committee financial expertise matters when making commercial lending decisions. Commercial lenders rely on audited financial statements in making lending decisions, and the quality of these financial statements is impacted by the capabilities of audit committees having oversight of financial reporting. It is widely believed that this oversight is enhanced when audit committees contain members with financial expertise. A behavioural experiment is conducted where commercial lending officers make risk assessments and provide probabilities of granting loans based on a hypothetical scenario. This paper finds insufficient evidence to conclude that the existence of financial expertise on audit committees makes a difference to lenders. When replacing audit committee members, however, financial expertise does appear to matter to lenders in some cases.
A novel cache bank timing attack

To avoid information leakage through execution, modern software implementations of cryptographic algorithms target constant timing complexity, i.e., the number of instructions does not vary with different inputs. However, often times, the underlying microarchitecture behaves differently under different data inputs, which covertly leaks confidential information through the timing channel. Cache timing channel due to cache miss penalties has been explored in recent years to break system security. In this paper, we exploit a finer-grained L1 cache bank timing channel, the stalling delay due to cache bank conflicts, and develop a new timing attack against table lookup-based cryptographic algorithms. We implement the timing attack with three different methods on Sandy Bridge micro-architecture, and successfully recover the complete 128-bit AES encryption key. The most effective attack can achieve 50% success rate using 75,000 samples and 100% success rate using 200,000 samples. The whole attack process from collecting samples to recoverying all key bytes takes less than 3 minutes. We anticipate the new timing attack to be a threat to various platforms, including ARM-based smart phones and performance-critical accelerators like GPUs.
Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Arylboration of Unactivated Alkenes

A Ni-catalyzed method for arylboration is disclosed. The method allows for highly stereoselective arylboration of unactivated alkenes. The reactions utilize a simple Ni-catalyst and work with a broad range of alkenes and aryl bromides. The products represent useful intermediates for chemical synthesis due to the versatility of the C–B bond. Preliminary mechanistic details of the method are also disclosed.
Up close with herpesviruses.

Viral capsids are marvels of biological engineering. They are sturdy enough to withstand pressure exerted by the tightly packed genomes inside yet can come apart or loosen easily to release the viral genome once the virus penetrates the cell. They are also great examples of genetic economy. Because of the limited coding capacity of viruses, capsids are built by using a few proteins over and over. As a result, capsids are symmetrical. Capsids of many viruses, such as herpesviruses, have icosahedral symmetry, which means nearly spherical soccer ball–like particles with 20 triangular faces and 12 vertices. Reports in this issue by Yuan et al. on page 48 ( 1 ) and Dai and Zhou on page 47 ( 2 ) reveal in detail how ∼3000 protein copies are arranged in the 130-nm-diameter structure of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) capsid (see the figure).
Programming Biomaterial Interactions Using Engineered Living Cells

We have developed a biomaterials interface that allows the properties of a functionalized surface to be controlled by a population of genetically engineered bacteria. This interface was engineered by linking a genetically modified E. coli strain with a chemically functionalized surface. Critically, the E. coli was engineered to upregulate the production of biotin when induced by a small signaling molecule. This biotin would then interact with the functionalized surface to modulate the surface's binding dynamics. In this chapter, we detail three protocols: one protocol for developing a population of biotin-producing genetically engineered cells, and two protocols for creating different types of functionalized surfaces. These methods will enable scientists to readily explore strategies for controlling surface-based material assembly and modification using a linked culture of engineered cells.
Defining Energy Uses and Spaces

In Chap. 2 we defined the building envelope, the ambient weather conditions it is exposed to, and the interior Spaces that a building is subdivided into. Of course, the activities that take place in those Spaces are significant drivers for energy consumption as well as the reason buildings exist in the first place. In this Chapter, we will gain a better understanding of how Space occupancy and energy end uses are defined by OpenStudio. As with Constructions, the amount of data required to fully specify Space loads is significant, and we will come to appreciate how OpenStudio Libraries and data inheritance make this process both fast and consistent.
Heparin Coordinately Suppresses Endothelial Cell Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Fibronectin and Thrombospondin mRNA Levels

The studies described herein were undertaken to define the effects of heparin, an angiogenic factor, on endothelial cell (EC) expression of extracellular matrix components. In vitro heparin is known to enhance EC chemotactic and proliferative responses to endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF), a member of the fibroblast growth factor family of mitogens (1, 2). While numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of matrix composition in the regulation of EC attachment (3), migration (4), proliferation (5), and multicellular organization (6), little is known about the effects of angiogenic factors on EC biosynthesis of matrix molecules. In culture, EC synthesize a matrix which contains proteoglycans (7), collagens (8) and other glycoproteins including fibronectin (FN) (9), laminin (10), thrombospondin (11), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (12). In addition, EC synthesize fibroblast growth factor which they sequester in their matrix (13). In this report, we present data which demonstrate that heparin, in the presence of ECGF, coordinately suppresses EC steady-state mRNA levels for FN, TSP and PAI-1. The suppression of these messages correlates with the potentiation of EC proliferative response to ECGF by heparin. These data suggest a potential role for heparin in the remodeling of extracellular matrix concomitant with neovascularization and further highlight the potential role of matrix components in the autocrine regulation of cell growth.
Simple Entropion Repair Using the Orbicularis Strip

This technique is one of the simplest and most effective methods of entropion repair. It allows the surgeon to address all of the major anatomic causes of involutional entropion. The steps for performing this technique are as follows: 1. Mark and inject the lower eyelid with 2% lidocaine with epinephrine as for lower lid blepharoplasty. No more than 1 ml of anesthetic solution is necessary. 2. Make a subciliary incision with a No. 15 blade. Use a blunt-tipped scissors to undermine the skin widely and carefully, down to the inferior orbital rim. 3. Use a muscle hook and scissors to fashion a pretarsal orbicularis muscle strip that is 5–7 mm wide. The muscle strip spans from the punctum to the lateral orbital rim, with both ends of muscle insertion left undisturbed. The muscle is not denervated. 4. Inspect the lid’s position. If dehiscence or disinsertion of the lower lid retractor is evident, it can be corrected now. If there is horizontal lid laxity, it can be corrected at this time with a pentagonal resection or any other lower eyelid-tightening procedure. 5. Displace the muscle strip inferiorly 7–11 mm, depending on the severity of the entropion. 6. Place a double-armed 6-0 chromic suture in the center of the lower lid, in the fashion typical of a Quickert suture. The first arm enters deep in the fornix, emerges 2 mm below the tarsus muscle, and goes through muscle strip superiorly. The second arm also enters deep in the fornix but emerges 5 mm below the tarsus and goes through muscle strip inferiorly. 7. Tie these two arms of suture over the muscle strip so that the muscle strip is fixated in a new and inferiorly displaced position. 8. Place one double-armed 6-0 chromic suture 5 mm on each side of the center suture to displace and fixate the muscle. 9. Ask the patient to close the lids tightly and observe the position of the lids. If the position is satisfactory, proceed with skin closure. 10. Drape skin over the wound with minimal or no skin excision. Close the skin with 6-0 absorbable suture. 11. Instruct the patient to apply ice cold compress to the involved eyelid for 1–2 days and antibiotic ointment for about one week.
Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules

The use of two-photon excitation and thermal lens spectroscopy to study the “forbidden” excited states of selected biologically relevant chromophores is discussed. Spectroscopic studies of the following molecules and proteins are described: isotachysterol (an analog of Vitamin D), all-trans retinol (Vitamin A), all-trans retinal (Vitamin A aldehyde), the protonated Schiff base of all-trans retinal, and rhodopsin. All of these molecules contain a substituted polyene chromophore. We observe that a forbidden “lAg*-” state is the lowest-lying ππ* state in all of these chromophores except the protonated Schiff base of all-trans retinal and the chromophore in rhodopsin. The latter two chromophores have a lowest-lying, strongly allowed “lBu*+” ππ* state. The implications of this observation are briefly discussed.
Chemically and Metabolically Induced DNA Adducts: Relationship to Chemical Carcinogenesis

It is clearly impossible within the assigned scope to give a complete literature review and overview of this enormous field. Therefore, it is inevitable that this chapter will reflect my own biases, interests, and research. In the literature citations, emphasis will be placed on reviews, but important original papers will be covered.
Spatially Constrained Incoherent Motion SCIM Model Improves Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted MRI Analysis of Crohn's Disease Patients

Quantitative analysis of fast and slow diffusion from abdominal Diffusion-weighted MRI has the potential to provide important new insights into physiological and microstructural properties of the body. However, the commonly used, independent voxel-wise fitting of the signal decay model leads to imprecise parameter estimates, which has hampered their practical usage. In this work we evaluated the improvement in the precision of the fast and slow diffusion parameter estimates achieved by using a spatially-constrained Incoherent Motion SCIM model of DW-MRI signal decay in 5 healthy subjects and 24 Crohn's disease patients. We found that the improvement in Coefficient of Variation CV of the parameter estimates achieved using the SCIM model was significantly larger compared to thus achieved by repeated acquisition and signal averaging n=5, paired Student's t-test, p ≤ 0.05. We also found that the SCIM model reduced the coefficient of variation of the parameter estimates of the D * and f parameter estimates in the ileum by 30% compared to the independent voxel-wise fitting of the signal decay model in the Crohn's patients data n=24, paired Student's t-test, p ≤ 0.05. The SCIM model is more precise for quantitative analysis of abdominal DW-MRI signal decay.
The hospital and the borderline patient: management guidelines for the community mental health center.

Controversy over the treatment of borderline patients in regression has frequently left undefined the practical approaches to hospital management of these patients. The nature and context of the regressive episode, and the implications of potential interventions for specific types of patients are basic considerations in formulating such an approach. Subgroups of borderline patients can be usefully distinguished on the basis of the major management problem to which each is particularly prone.
Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States

Half of the children in the United States have been exposed to violence either as victims or as witnesses. Nearly five children die every day from either neglect or abuse or both. These facts are not openly recognized nor publicized. The widespread sexual abuse of children also calls out for public attention. In addition to abuse and neglect, there often are environmental stresses in the form of neighborhood violence, economic hardship, substance abuse, or conflict between family members. Studies need to focus on both sources of stress in order to fully assess their impact on individual children.
Pilot study of mitochondrial bioenergetics in subjects with acute porphyrias.

Abstract Background and aims The acute porphyrias are characterized by defects in heme synthesis, particularly in the liver. In some affected patients, there occurs a critical deficiency in a regulatory heme pool within hepatocytes that leads to up-regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid [ALA] synthase-1, which is the first and normally rate-controlling enzyme in the pathway. In earlier work, we described defects in mitochondrial functions in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with acute intermittent porphyria [AIP]. Others described defects in livers of murine models of AIP. Here, we explored mitochondrial energetics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] and platelets in persons with AIP and hereditary coproporphyria [HCP]. Our hypotheses were that there are deficits in bioenergetic capacity in acute porphyrias and that subjects with more severe acute porphyria have more pronounced reductions in mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates [OCR]. Methods We studied 17 subjects with acute hepatic porphyrias, 14 with classical AIP, one with severe AIP due to homozygous deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase [HMBS], 2 with HCP, and 5 non-porphyric controls. We collected peripheral blood, isolated PBMCs, which we assayed either immediately or after frozen storage [ 80C] for up to 14 days. Using Seahorse XF-24-3, we measured OCR in the presence of glucose + pyruvate under basal condition, and after additions of oligomycin, carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone [FCCP], and antimycin+rotenone. Results Most subjects [13/17, 76%] were female. Subjects with moderate/severe symptoms associated with acute porphyria had significantly lower basal and maximal-OCR than those with no/mild symptoms who were the same as controls. We observed significant inverse correlation between urinary porphobilinogen [PBG] excretion and OCR. The subject with homozygous AIP had a much lower-OCR than his asymptomatic parents. Summary/conclusions Results support the hypothesis that active acute hepatic porphyria is characterized by a deficiency in mitochondrial function that is detectable in PBMCs, suggesting that limitations in electron transport and ATP production exist in such individuals.
A Single-Junction Cathodic Approach for Stable Unassisted Solar Water Splitting

Summary Unassisted solar water splitting is one key step of artificial photosynthesis converting solar energy to chemical fuels. To date, however, there has been no demonstration of efficient and stable semiconductor photoelectrodes without extra surface protection for unassisted solar water splitting. In this work, we show that a single-junction approach of p-type In0.25Ga0.75N nanowires monolithically integrated on n-type Si wafers through an n++/p++-InGaN tunnel junction can drive relatively efficient and stable unassisted water splitting. A photocurrent density of 2.8 mA cm−2 was measured at zero bias versus a platinum counter electrode in a two-electrode configuration, leading to a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 3.4%. No performance degradation was observed for ∼300 h of unassisted solar water splitting without using any extra surface protection layers. Such a single-junction photocathode can be further integrated with a narrow band-gap junction, e.g., Si or GaAs, to achieve further improved efficiency for long-term stable solar water splitting.
“He’s not my prime minister!”: negative party identification and satisfaction with democracy

ABSTRACTAcross Europe and the United States, negative party identification – an abiding aversion to a particular opposing political party is on the rise. At the same time, satisfaction with democra...
Institutional inversion and the connection between collective attitudes and behavior

Most psychologists assume a harmonious correspondence between attitudes, behavior, and cultural institutions. However, institutions often act as intermediating forces between collective attitudes and behavior, and institutions' value-expressive function may be at-odds with the actual behavioral outcomes they produce. We illustrate this with the paradox-of-debt: Protestant cultures have traditionally been relatively less sympathetic to debtors than Catholic cultures have been. Consequently, Protestant cultures set up more pro-creditor institutions. With lending being safer and more profitable in Protestant cultures, creditors increased the amount they were willing to lend. With more credit available, people now borrow more in Protestant (versus Catholic) cultures. Intermediating institutions may thus invert the usual attitude-behavior relationship, facilitating rather than inhibiting traditionally stigmatized behavior.