cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Limiting false-positive polymerase chain reaction results: detection of DNA and mRNA to differentiate viable from dead bacteria ☆

We compared 2 methods for determining Escherichia coli viability in vitro. A 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay detected bacteria irrespective of viability. A groEL mRNA reverse transcriptase PCR was positive for 72 h but later became negative. Detecting mRNA holds promise but is tedious, and groEL may not be the best target.
Modulation of oxidative events by multivalent manganese complexes in brain tissue

Manganese toxicity can evoke neuropsychiatric and neuromotor symptoms, which have frequently been attributed to profound oxidative stress in the dopaminergic system. However, the characterization of manganese as a pro-oxidant remains controversial because antioxidant properties also have been associated with this metal. The current study was designed to address these disparate findings concerning the oxidative properties of manganese. The apparent ability of manganese in its divalent form to promote formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within a cortical mitochondrial-synaptosomal (P2) fraction was completely abolished by the addition of one five hundredth of its molarity of desferroxamine (DFO), a trivalent metal chelator. This large ratio and the high specificity of DFO for trivalent metal ions discounted the possibility of inhibition of ROS generation by direct sequestration of divalent manganese, and implied the trace presence of a trivalent metal. Further analysis suggested that this trace metal was manganic rather than ferric ion. Ferric ion was able to dampen the reactive oxygen species-generating capacity of manganous chloride, whereas manganic ion markedly promoted this property attributed to manganous ion. Such findings of the potent effects of trace amounts of trivalent cations upon Mn2+-related free radical generation offer resolution of earlier disparate findings concerning the oxidative character of manganese.
Detection of solar neutrons on a long duration balloon flight

Abstract The observation of large solar flares on high altitude balloons requires long duration balloon flights because large flares are infrequent and cannot be predicted with enough reliability and lead time to allow a conventional balloon to be launched and reach altitude before the flare occurs. With the many weeks at float altitude expected for a long duration flight, the probability of “catching” a large flare during solar maximum becomes reasonably high and the study of phenomena which heretofore have required a satellite become accessible to a balloon platform. One example of this type of experiment is the observation of neutrons produced by the interaction of flare accelerated nucleons with the solar atmosphere. Because the neutrons are produced immediately by the flare accelerated particles and are unaffected by their transmission through the upper solar atmosphere and the intervening magnetic fields, their observation at 1 A.U. will provide direct information on the flare acceleration process. Specifically, a measurement of the neutron energy and time spectra will yield the energy spectrum of the charged nucleons in the interval 50 to 500 MeV/amu, the charged particle anisotropy, the height of the acceleration region for limb flares, and information on the two-stage acceleration process. Because the γ-ray spectrum is also sensitive to these factors, a combined neutron and γ-ray measurement will provide a much more stringent test of flare models than either done separately. CWRU and the University of Melbourne have designed the EOSCOR (Extended Observation of Solar and Cosmic Radiation) detector to have the necessary sensitivity to detect neutrons from a flare 0.1 the size of the 4 Aug. 1972 event and to be compatible with the constraints of the long duration balloon system. The detector has been test flown on short duration balloon flights and calibrated at En = 38, 58, and 118 MeV. It is planned to launch it on a long duration balloon flight from Australia in December 1982 when simultaneous γ-ray observations will be possible with the SMM and/or HINTORI satellites.
Chromatography of 99 amino acids and other ninhydrin-reactive compounds in the Pickering lithium gradient system

Abstract High-performance liquid chromatographic systems can be adapted to the high-resolution determination of free amino acids with hardware and reagents from Pickering Labs. The lithium-based eluent gradients used allow good separations to be achieved isothermally in 2 h. Although the overall elution pattern correlates strongly with those of established automated methods, the differences can be large, and are numerous enough that one type of system cannot serve as a predictor for the other. Relative retention times in the Pickering system were determined for 99 ninhydrin-positive compounds: imino acids, ureides, amino sugars, amino acids and derivatives, with emphasis on those occurring in plants.
Adolescent decisional autonomy regarding participation in an emergency department youth violence interview

Much attention has been given to determining whether an adolescent patient has the capacity to consent to research. This study explores the factors that influence adolescents' decisions to participate in a research study about youth violence and to determine positive or negative feelings elicited by being a research subject. The majority of subjects perceived their decision to participate to be free of coercion, and few felt badly about having participated. However, adolescents who were alone in the room during the assent process were more likely to report that they chose freely to be a research subject. This study may influence the ways physicians communicate with adolescent patients around research assent within a clinical care environment.
Do Concomitant Cranium and Axis Injuries Predict Worse Outcome? A Trauma Database Quantitative Analysis

We performed a trauma database analysis to identify the effect of concomitant cranial injuries on outcome in patients with fractures of the axis. We identified patients with axis fractures over a 14-year period. A binary outcome measure was used. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed. There were 259 cases with axis fractures. Closed head injury was noted in 57% and skull base trauma in 14%. Death occurred in 17 cases (6%). Seventy-two percent had good outcome. Presence of abnormal computed tomography head findings, skull base fractures, and visceral injury was significantly associated with poor outcome. Skull base injury in association with fractures of the axis is a significant independent predictor of worse outcomes, irrespective of the severity of the head injury. We propose that presence of concomitant cranial and upper vertebral injuries require careful evaluation in view of the associated poor prognosis.
Atomization of Water Sprays for Quartz Dust Control

Abstract The use of water spray systems for respirable dust control on continuous mining machines has been a traditional and relatively effective approach. However, with the implementation of more stringent dust standards due to quartz, the efficacy of these systems has been questioned. In response, the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of Interior, has undertaken a study to determine the relationship between spray pressure, total respirable dust control, and specific quartz dust control. Laboratory and full-scale model studies have been completed in an effort to evaluate the effectiveness of low-pressure, high-pressure, and combination water spray systems. Results of these tests indicate that high-pressure atomized sprays will improve reduction of all respirable dusts, especially dust in the 3.0-μm size range and below. These are also the size ranges that have been shown to contain the most significant amounts of airborne respirable quartz dust. Improved control techniques, such as those presented in this...
A VIEW TOWARDS THE FUTURE OF STRANGENESS PHYSICS

These observations provide a personal perspective regarding the physics presented during this Sendai International Symposium on Strangeness in Nuclear and Hadronic Systems. No attempt has been made to summarize the oral presentations in the sense of a traditional summary talk. Many presentations covered physics from others than that of the speaker. Hopefully, the ideas discussed will outlive the rapporteurs who so ably brought them to life at SENDAI08.
Effect of sciatic neurectomy on myelinogenesis in the rat spinal cord

Abstract In an attempt to determine the effect of deafferentation upon central nervous system myelinogenesis, a right sciatic neurectomy was performed on newborn rats. The dorsal funiculus of the thoracic spinal cord was studied on subsequent days, and the results indicated definite deficiencies on the deafferented side which included fewer large axons and thinner myelin sheaths. Phase microscopic data are presented along with measurements of axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness. It is concluded from these experiments that physiologic activity in the nerve fiber is a significant factor affecting myelinogenesis, which exerts its effect through some mechanism other than axonal size alone.
ROLE OF GEONS IN OBJECT RECOGNITION ACROSS AGES

Little research has been conducted regarding the developmental implications of Biederman's 1987 Recognition by Components theory. The present study compared objects fragmented according to this theory, i.e., vertices were left intact and midsegments were deleted, with objects that were randomly fragmented. A total of 169 students from three age groups (first grade, fourth grade, and college) participated. Approximately half of the participants viewed pictures with intact vertices and half viewed the randomly fragmented pictures. Analysis showed that participants recognized more pictures across groups; however, there were no significant differences between the two sets of pictures. This finding suggests that vertices are important but are not necessary for object recognition. The role of midsegments in object recognition is also discussed.
Electron microscopy of oligodendrocytes in normal rat cerebrum

Electron microscopic examination of rat cerebral gray and white matter following formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde vascular perfusion reveals distinctive morphological features for identification of oligodendrocytes. These elements are situated as satellites of neurons (perikarya, dendrites and axons), and display a wide range of nuclear and cytoplasmic densities which tend to parallel each other. Cytoplasmic density appears to be an uncertain criterion for neuroglial identification, but oligodendrocytes are recognizable by the following distinctive features: large quantities of free ribosomes or ribosomal rosettes, numerous nuclear pores and light patches of otherwise dense chromatin adjacent to the pores, extensive cytoplasmic microtubules, absence of broad processes seen in other cerebral elements but presence of numerous fine processes which can occasionally be traced to form the outer mesaxon of myelin sheaths, absence of glycogen and fine gliofibrils uniquely present in astrocytes, and the usual presence of thin rims of perinuclear cytoplasm frequently associated with large dilatations of the nuclear cleft. Arguments are adduced for rejecting the identification of “dark” glial elements as microglia. The relation of oligodendrocytes to myelin and the functional significance of the wide spectrum in cytoplasmic density are considered in relation to the synthetic demands of adjacent neurons.
Cosmic radiation and the K40-Ar40 “ages” of iron meteorites

Abstract The potassium-argon data of Stoenner and Zahringer are consistent with an age for the iron meteorites of 5.0 ± 0.5 aeons. For iron meteorites with moderate to high concentrations of He 3 , the Ar 40 which has been produced by nuclear spallation and the Ar 40 produced by the decay of primordial K 40 can be calculated accurately (provided that the radiation age of the meteorite is known) and their sum compared to the measured Ar 40 . Cosmogenic neon and argon predominate in inclusions of troilite and schreibersite in iron meteorites. The enhanced yield of these elements seems to be due to the interaction of cosmic rays with elements below iron in atomic mass, such as chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus. However, it is still not possible to account for all the Ar 40 in the Toluca and Canyon Diablo iron meteorites unless their origin is more complex than is generally presumed. The K 39 /K 41 ratio of some potassium recovered from the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite differed by less than 2 per cent from the ratio in terrestrial potassium, but was consistent with the low radiation age of 0.145 aeon calculated by Fischer and Schaeffer for this meteorite.
African Americans' foster parenting experiences: Research findings and implications for policy and practice

Abstract In this article African American and white foster parents are compared with a focus on the fostering experiences of African Americans. Results of a recent study (Family Foster Home Retention Project [FFHRP]) of 804 foster parents in 8 urban counties regarding their demographic characteristics, reasons for fostering, willingness to continue fostering, opinions about fostering and training, stress, support, satisfaction, and predictions about future licensing status are discussed. Results from the FFHRP are considered in relation to the seminal work on African American foster parenting experiences with agencies conducted by Susan Downs a decade ago. Findings from this study reveal that African American foster parents' experiences with agency workers are generally favorable. Areas of displeasure focus on such macrostructural issues as agency policy concerning reimbursement, training content, allowances for children's care, amount of services provided to parents, types of children placed with parents, and involuntary closure of homes. Implications for policy, practice, and research are presented.
Tryptic hydrolysis of glycinin and its subunits.

Glycinin, the major storage protein of soybeans, was modified by alkali (pH 12.0) and acid (pH 2.0) induced denaturation, and by unfolding in 6 M urea followed by cleavage of the disulphide (SS) bonds and blockage of the sulphydryl (SH) groups with iodoacetoamide to produce carboxyamidemethyl (CAM)-glycinin. The CAM-acidic and CAM-basic subunits of the protein were also isolated. All the above samples were used to investigate their rate (pH-stat method) and extent (gel filtration analysis) of hydrolysis by trypsin at pH 8.0, 25°C. Native and acid-denatured glycinin and the CAM-basic subunits were hydrolysed slowly over a period of several hours whereas the CAM-acidic subunits, alkali-denatured glycinin, and CAM-glycinin were attacked at a very fast rate by the enzyme. The molecular weight distribution of the peptide fragments varied in all samples. Characteristic peaks of molecular weight above 30 000, around 7000 and below 5000 daltons were observed. In modifications where unfolding of the protein and SS reduction was implicated the peptide fragments were shifted toward the lowest peak(s) i.e. below 5000 daltons.
Resource Management for Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks with Cluster Organization

Boosted by technology advancements, government and commercial interest, ad-hoc wireless networks are emerging as a serious platform for distributed mission-critical applications. Guaranteeing QoS in this environment is a hard problem because several applications may share the same resources in the network, and mobile ad-hoc wireless networks (MANETs) typically exhibit high variability in network topology and communication quality. In this paper we introduce DYNAMIQUE, a resource management infrastructure for MANETs. We present a resource model for multi-application admission control that optimizes the application admission utility, defined as a combination of the QoS satisfaction ratio. A method based on external adaptation (shrinking QoS for existing applications and later QoS expansion) is introduced as a way to reduce computation complexity by reducing the search space. We designed an application admission protocol that uses a greedy heuristic to improve application utility. For this, the admission control considers network topology information from the routing layer. Specifically, the admission protocol takes benefit from a cluster network organization, as defined by ad-hoc routing protocols such as CBRP and LANMAR. Information on cluster membership and cluster head elections allows the admission protocol to minimize control signaling and to improve application quality by localizing task mapping.
Function Fields of Pfister Neighbors

A quadratic form Q is called a special Pfister neighbor if Q is similar to a form of the shape P0 ⊥ aP1, where P0 is Pfister, a ∈ k*, and P1 is a nonzero subform of P0. The Pfister form P0 ⊥ aP0, which is uniquely determined by Q, is called the associated Pfister form of Q. If P is an anisotropic Pfister form of dimension > 8, then every subform Q of P of codimension ≤ 4 is a special Pfister neighbor; and there exists an example with dim P = 16 and codim Q = 5 which is not special. Special Pfister neighbors of the same dimension and with the same associated Pfister form define the same function field, but there exists an example in dimension 5 which shows that such forms need not be similar.
Optimal detection of non-Gaussian random signals in Gaussian noise

A method of detecting arbitrary random signals in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is discussed. The method is based on eigendecomposition of the noise probability subspace. This decomposition leads to unique detector structure, invariant with respect to the signal distribution. The resulting detection scheme uses a variable number of terms per decision, but any decision made is exactly the same as the one produced by the optimal detector. The scheme is found to be computationally efficient, and well suited for generalization to the case of unknown (or only partially known) statistics. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated in a typical example, with the aid of computer simulations. >
THE POPULATION GENETICS OF ADAPTATION : THE DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORS FIXED DURING ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION

We know very little about the genetic basis of adaptation. Indeed, we can make no theoretical predictions, however heuristic, about the distribution of phenotypic effects among factors fixed during adaptation nor about the expected "size" of the largest factor fixed. Study of this problem requires taking into account that populations gradually approach a phenotypic optimum during adaptation via the stepwise substitution of favorable mutations. Using Fisher's geometric model of adaptation, I analyze this approach to the optimum, and derive an approximate solution to the size distribution of factors fixed during adaptation. I further generalize these results to allow the input of any distribution of mutational effects. The distribution of factors fixed during adaptation assumes a pleasingly simple, exponential form. This result is remarkably insensitive to changes in the fitness function and in the distribution of mutational effects. An exponential trend among factors fixed appears to be a general property of adaptation toward a fixed optimum.
A meta-analysis of kidney microarray datasets: investigation of cytokine gene detection and correlation with rt-PCR and detection thresholds.

Microarrays provide a means to simultaneously examine the gene expression of the entire transcriptome in a single sample. Many studies have highlighted the need for novel software and statistical approaches to assess the measured gene expression. Less attention has been directed toward whether genes considered undetectable by microarray can be detected by other strategies or whether these genes can provide accurate gene expression determinations. In the kidney this is a concern for genes such as cytokines which dramatically influence the immune response but are often considered low abundance genes produced by a small number of cells. Using both publicly available and our own microarray datasets we analyzed the detection p-value and detection call values for 81 human kidney samples run on the U133A or U133Plus2.0 Affymetrix microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). For the cytokine genes, the frequency of detection in each sample group (normal, transplant and renal cell carcinoma) was examined and revealed that a majority of cytokine related genes are not detectable in human kidney by microarray. Using a subset of 29 Mayo transplant samples, a group of seven transplant-related cytokines and eight non-cytokine genes were evaluated by real-time PCR (rt-PCR). For these 15 genes we compared the impact of decreasing microarray detection frequency with the changes in gene expression observed by both microarray and rt-PCR. We found that as microarray detection frequency decreased the correlation between microarray and rt-PCR data also decreased. We conclude that, when analyzing microarray data from human kidney samples, genes generally expressed at low abundance (i.e. cytokines) should be evaluated with more sensitive approaches such as rt-PCR. In addition, our data suggest that the use of detection frequency cutoffs for inclusion or exclusion of microarray data may be appropriate when comparing microarray and rt-PCR gene expression data and p-value calculations.
Experimental Study on the Belt Grinding Mechanism for Aluminum Alloys

As a new technique integrating grinding and polishing, the technology of abrasive belt grinding is considered as a processing method with high quality, high efficiency, low consumption and wide range of application owing to its features of high processing efficiency, “cold” grinding, stable grinding speed, high precision and low costs. Taking aluminum alloy material as object of study and on the basis of the grinding technology of surface abrasive belt grinding machine, this paper carried out in-depth experimental study on the grinding mechanism of abrasive belt with aluminum alloy materials.
Comparison of stop rule and maximum expectations for finite sequences of exchangeable random variables

For sequences of exchangeable random variables taking values in [0,1], results are given which compare . Complete resulfs are given for the n = 2 and n = ∞ cases; results are also given for the 2 < n < ∞ case. A constructive approach is taken, with extremal distributions given where applicable. For the n = 2 case, conjugate function theory is used in an essential way. The transformations and constructions of finite sequences of exchangeable random variables which are given should be of independent interest to those working with this class of processes
WE‐E‐224C‐04: A New CT Reconstruction Technique for Removal of Streak Artifacts Due to Metallic Dental Fillings and Implants for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer with Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To remove or reduce the streak artifacts induced by metallic dental fillings and implants in CTimages for head and neck patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).Materials and Method: A cylindrical phantom was constructed using tissue‐equivalent plastic to simulate a human head. The phantom was filled with distilled water. A piece of 1 cm‐wide half elliptic tissue‐equivalent bolus was attached to a thin circular plastic plate inside the phantom to mimic the gingiva. Two human second molars with metallic fillings were implanted into the bolus on each side. The phantom was scanned on a GE LightSpeed CT scanner with a slice thickness of 2.5 mm. The acquired CTimages were first decomposed into spatio‐frequency components using a wavelet transform. The decomposition tree allowed us to examine and characterize different localized frequency information related to undesired artifacts. Once the spatio‐frequency signatures of metal objects were modeled, the corresponding coefficients in the wavelet domain were thresholded using a dynamic thresholding scheme. The thresholded images gave metal objets, which were then superimposed on a neighbor slice. New data were generated by re‐projecting the original slice and superimposed slice. The final image was reconstructed with no or reduced image artifacts due to dental fillings and implants. Results: Comparison of original images to reconstructed images indicates that the streak artifacts were either completely removed or significantly reduced. The structural details near the metal objects were clearly identifiable. The image quality was sufficient for target delineation in IMRTtreatment planning.Conclusions: The proposed technique can greatly reduce the streak artifacts induced by metallic dental fillings and implants without sacrifice of spatial resolution. The technique has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy of target and critical organ delineation and dose calculation in the head and neck IMRTtreatment planning.
Foil X-ray mirrors

Nested thin foil reflectors have made possible light weight, inexpensive and fast grazing incidence X-ray mirrors for astronomical spectroscopy over a broad band. These mirrors were developed at Goddard for the US Shuttle program and were flown on NASA's shuttleborne Astro-l mission in December 1990. Presently, the Japan/US collaborative spectroscopic mission ASCA, nearing its third year of successful operation in earth orbit, carries, four such mirrors, weighing less than 40 kg and giving total effective areas of ∼ 1200 and 420 cm2 at l and 8 keV respectively. The ∼ 420 kg observatory is the best possible example of how conical foil mirrors opened areas of research that could not have been otherwise addressed with available resources. In this paper, we will briefly review the development and performance of our first generation foil mirrors. We will also describe progress toward improving their imaging capability to prime them for use in future instruments. Such a goal is highly desirable, if not necessary for this mirror technology to remain competitive for future applications.
Development of an affordable hi-resolution activity monitor system for laboratory animals

We describe a hardware and software system for recording and analyzing the spatial and temporal pattern of locomotor activity of laboratory animals. The system offers maximal spatial resolution 500-fold greater than existing light beam monitors. An infrared motion analysis systems (MacReflex, Qualysis) simultaneously tracks the location of up to 20 subjects (identified by reflective markers) to within 0.04 mm at a rate of up to 50 Hz. Macintosh software provides measures of distance traveled, amount of area traversed, number of position changes (microevents), average time between movements, number of left and right turns, number of forward movements and reversals, as well as temporal and spatial scaling exponents. This system was validated by comparing these parameters to direct observer scoring of video tapes and other commercially available activity monitors. Our findings show that applying reflective markers to the subjects does not significantly alter activity levels. The effect of pharmacological manipulation with d-amphetamine is provided to show the value of the different activity parameters. The main advantages of this system are very high spatial resolution, capacity to monitoring up to 20 animals simultaneously at reasonable cost, and lack of sensitivity of the system to ambient lighting. The main limitation is the need to apply reflective markers.
RNA CUG-binding Protein 1 Increases Translation of 20-kDa Isoform of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β by Interacting with the α and β Subunits of Eukaryotic Initiation Translation Factor 2

Expression of a dominant negative 20-kDa isoform of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPbeta), LIP, is increased in proliferating livers and in tumor cells. Two RNA-binding proteins, CUGBP1 and calreticulin, have been implicated in the translational regulation of C/EBPbeta. In this paper, we present evidence showing several critical steps by which liver increases translation of LIP after partial hepatectomy. At early stages after partial hepatectomy, liver activates CUGBP1 by a hyperphosphorylation. The activated CUGBP1 binds to the 5' region of C/EBPbeta mRNA and replaces calreticulin, which partially represses translation of C/EBPbeta in quiescent livers. The hyperphosphorylated CUGBP1 also interacts with the alpha and beta subunits of initiation factor eIF2. Our data demonstrate that the interaction of CUGBP1 with the eIF2alpha enhances the association of CUGBP1 with ribosomes and correlates with increased translation of LIP in the liver after partial hepatectomy. Our data support the hypothesis that CUGBP1 increases translation of LIP by the interaction with the eIF2alpha subunit. This facilitates subsequent recruitment of larger numbers of ribosomes to initiate translation of LIP.
Evaluating a Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Prevention Program for At-Risk Youth.

Abstract Changes in psychological functioning as a result of participation in Alternative Community Intervention (ACI), a community-based drug and alcohol prevention program for at-risk children, were investigated. Twenty-three children (ages 10-13) who participated in ACI completed the Achenbach Youth Self-Report (YSR) immediately before the program and again 6-12 months later. A series of t-tests to examine the differences between baseline scores and post-test scores revealed a trend towards significance (p = .059) for change on the self-destructiveness/identity problems scale. Analyses of variance to examine baseline factors that were associated with change from the beginning to the end of the program indicated that socioeconomic status and baseline grades were associated with significant change after the program. Specifically, medium socioeconomic status and fair grades were associated with the greatest improvement in delinquency and cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social problems.
Droplet evaporation: Effects of transients and variable properties☆

Abstract A numerical study of the effects of transients and variable properties on single droplet evaporation into an infinite stagnant gas is presented. Sample calculations are reported for octane droplets, initially at 300°K with Ro = 0·1, 0·5, 2·5 × 10−4m, evaporating into air at temperatures and pressures in the ranges 600–2000°K and 1–10 atm, respectively. It is found that initial size Ro is eliminated from the problem on scaling time with respect to R20 and that the evaporative process becomes quasi-steady with ( R R 0 ) 2 = ( R∗ 0 R 0 ) 2 − βt R 2 0 , as suggested by experiment. Comparisons of solutions using various reference property schemes with those for variable properties show that best agreement obtains using a simple 1 3 rule wherein properties are evaluated at T r = T s + (T e −T s ) 3 and m 1,r = m 1,s + (m 1,e − m 1,s ) 3 . The effects of temporal storage of mass species, energy, etc. and radial pressure variations in the vapor phase prove to be negligible, the early transient behavior being solely due to sensible heat effects within the droplet and related variations in vapor-side driving forces.
PAUSED encodes the Arabidopsis exportin-t ortholog.

Los1p/exportin-t (XPOT) mediates the nuclear export of tRNAs in yeast and mammals. The requirements for this transport pathway are unclear, however, because los1 mutations do not affect yeast growth, and the phenotype of XPOT mutations in mammals is unknown. Here, we show that PAUSED ( PSD ) is the Arabidopsis ortholog of LOS1 / XPOT and is capable of rescuing the tRNA export defect of los1 in Brewer9s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ), suggesting that its function has been conserved. Putative null alleles of PSD disrupt the initiation of the shoot apical meristem and delay leaf initiation after germination, the emergence of the radicle and lateral roots, and the transition to flowering. Plants doubly mutant for psd and hasty , the Arabidopsis ortholog of exportin 5, are viable but have a more severe phenotype than either single mutant. These results suggest that PSD plays a role in tRNA export in Arabidopsis, but that at least one—and perhaps several—additional tRNA export pathways also exist. The PSD transcript is broadly expressed during development and is alternatively spliced in the 3′-untranslated region. No temporal or spatial difference in the abundance of different splice forms was observed. We propose that the mutant phenotype of psd reflects defects in developmental events and cell/tissue types that require elevated levels of protein synthesis and are therefore acutely sensitive to a reduction in tRNA export.
Parallel Conservative Scheme for Solving the Shallow-Water Equations

Abstract To improve the simulation of nonlinear aspects of the flow over steep topography, a potential enstrophy-and energy-conserving finite-difference scheme for the shallow-water equations was derived by Arakawa and Lamb. Here a parallel algorithm is developed for the solution of these equations, which is based on Arakawa and Lamb's scheme. It is shown that the efficiency of the scheme on an eight-node INTEL iPSC/2 hypercube is 81%. Forty mesh points in the x direction and 19 in the y direction were used in each subdomain.
Correlator pre- and post-processing for object identification

Electro-optical processors that employ cross-correlation or matched filter methods represent very efficient mechanisms that can be used for imaging sensor object identification. Such mechanisms are commonly referred to as optical correlators. Digital pre- and post-correlation processing steps are necessary to make the correlation operation robust. The pre-processing step conditions or filters the input image to create the most optimal image presentation for the correlation function. The post-processing step is typically a threshold operation on the cross-correlation of the matched filter with the optimal image presentation. The last action of the post-process is to determine whether to accept the threshold crossing as a match (identification) or dismiss the current matched filter and process any subsequent filers. A typical goal for the military application of the optical correlator is to maintain a high image frame rate of operation while maintaining an even higher matched filter selection rate. The goal is limited by the speed of the digital hardware and input/output bandwidth used in the pre- and post-processing. This paper addresses a novel methodology for using the correlator hardware with on- focal-plane array processing to maximize system throughput. The concept is described using the Image Algebra developed by Ritter, et al.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Trends in incidence of adult-onset psoriasis over three decades: A population-based study

Background Incidence studies of psoriasis are rare, mainly due to lack of established epidemiological criteria and the variable disease course. The objective of this study is to determine time trends in incidence and survival of psoriasis patients over three decades. Methods We identified a population-based incidence cohort of 1633 subjects aged ≥18 years first diagnosed with psoriasis between January 1, 1970 and January 1, 2000. The complete medical records for each potential psoriasis subject were reviewed and diagnosis was validated by either a confirmatory diagnosis in the medical record by a dermatologist or medical record review by a dermatologist. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and were age- and sex-adjusted to the 2000 US white population. Results The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of psoriasis was 78.9 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.0-82.9). When psoriasis diagnosis was restricted to dermatologist-confirmed subjects, the incidence was 62.3 per 100,000 (95% CI: 58.8-65.8). Incidence of psoriasis increased significantly over time from 50.8 in the period 1970-1974 to reach 100.5 per 100,000 in the 1995-1999 time period ( P = .001). Although the overall incidence was higher in males than in females ( P = .003), incidence in females was highest in the sixth decade of life (90.7 per 100,000). Survival was similar to that found in the general population ( P = .36). Limitations The study population was mostly white and limited to adult psoriasis patients. Conclusion The annual incidence of psoriasis almost doubled between the 1970s and 2000. The reasons for this increase in incidence are currently unknown, but could include a variety of factors, including a true change in incidence or changes in the diagnosing patterns over time.
The baseline transcephalic D.C. potential in normals.

Abstract This study, employing six groups of non-psychotic, unmedicated male subjects, ranging from six to sixty in number in each group, replicates and expands on previous work concerning the effects of a number of variables on the initial baseline transcephalic d.c. potential (IP) and the baseline d.c. shift (δP) after a 10-min test period involving the subjects in performing mental tasks. In agreement with prior studies, the range of IP was found to be from -25·0 to + 30·0 mV and appears to be unaffected by age or intelligence. Anxiety increases the variance of the group tested. Subjects tend to be most negative around 3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and 2–3 hr after eating. Heavy eaters show a decreased -δP in response to novel stimuli, faecal retainers show a more positive IP and a more negative δP, and mild urinary retention increases the variance of the IP. Subjects with an allergic history show a general increase of both negative IP and δP. A 20-min waiting period abolishes any effect of nicotine inhalation. The greatest stimulus to promote a -δP is one requiring the subject to develop a new and complex orientation in order to respond to a task.
Slow plastic flow properties of B2 CoFeAl and CoFeAl between 1100 and 1400 K

Abstract The compressive slow plastic flow behavior of iron- and nickel-modified B2 crystal structure CoAl-base intermetallics has been studied in air between 1100 and 1400 K. In comparison with a binary CoAl material, replacement of cobalt by either iron or nickel improves the properties; however, iron is a more effective solid solution strengthener than nickel. The grain size was also found to play an important role where at slow strain rates the creep strength of the aluminides increased as the grain size increased.
How reliable is the theoretical structure of SiC2

Abstract The effects of basis set choice and level of inclusion of correlation on the prediction of the energy difference between the linear and triangular forms of SiC 2 are discussed. It is concluded that at the SCF level the ordering is dependent on basis set choice and that in fact, contrary to earlier belief, a carefully optimized basis set may predict the triangular form to be slightly more stable even at the SCF level. However, correlation is essential to ensure the expected energy difference. Improvement of the basis set causes opposing changes in the absolute SCF and correlation energy difference between the two forms such that the total energy difference remains small. Estimating total energies by adding correlation effects calculated from small basis sets to results of largebasis SCF calculation is thus not valid. The energy difference between the linear and the triangular forms is 3.74 mh (2.35 kcal/mole) in MBPT (4) using the largest, 120 CGTO basis set. It is argued that inclusion of higher-order correlation may lead to further stabilization of the triangular form.
The revelation of neighborhood preferences: An N-chotomous multivariate probit approach

The goals of federal housing policy are to provide every American family with a decent home in a suitable neighborhood. While substantial progress has been made toward satisfying the goal of a decent home, survey evidence indicates that many Americans, especially those living in central cities, are highly dissatisfied with their neighborhoods. While policymakers are fully aware that too many people have a low opinion of the overall quality of their neighborhood, there is little reliable evidence available on what neighborhood attributes matter most to people and how neighborhood preferences vary among different types of households. As a result, policymakers have little idea how best to allocate scarce public resources to achieve the greatest possible improvement in neighborhood quality. This paper implements a new methodology with new data in order to reveal the neighborhood preferences of households categorized by race, income level, location, and type of housing occupied. The methodology involves interpreting the ranking that households assign to the overall quality of their neighborhoods on a 10-point scale as an ordinal utility index. This index enables us to observe directly the relationship between neighborhood variables and individuals' utility. To handle the ordinal nature of the dependent variable, N -chotomous multivariate probit is used as the estimating technique. The results suggest that while many neighborhood variables affect the utility of all households similarly, there are differences in preferences among groups, especially between black and white households.
Origin of Late Paleozoic Cyclothems: ABSTRACT

Cyclic sedimentary sequences of similar origin but diverse manifestations are widespread in later Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and early Permian successions of the northern hemisphere. They are best developed in cratonic areas, and vary from wholly marine through marine-non-marine alternations, to wholly non-marine. They are associated with widespread coals in many areas, but are equally evident in successions lacking coal. Their origin has been assigned to (1) intermittent downwarping of sedimentary basins; (2) continuous downwarping; (3) periodic elevation and depression of both source areas and basins; (4) eustatic changes of sea-level associated with (a) alternate growth and wastage of late Paleozoic glaciers in the southern hemisphere and in India, or (b) controlled by diastrophism in the ocean basins; (5) climatic oscillations, and (6) the superposition of subdeltas such as those of the Quaternary in Louisiana. The present paper attempts to resolve their origin by (1) study of the varied tectonic conditions in areas displaying cyclic successions; (2) environmental mapping of the separate beds of cyclothems through several states; (3) determination of the time and frequency of late Paleozoic glaciers; and (4) critical appraisal of the various mechanisms proposed. The kinds and quantities of sediment composing a cyclothem at any place are held to be controlled by (1) rate of downwarping; (2) type and quantity of clastic sediment available; (3) distance between sediment source and basin. The varied number of cyclothems in basins and adjacent shelves suggests that many nondepositional periods occurred both between and within cycles. Eustatic shifts in sea-level through 100 feet or less, controlled by glacial episodes or submarine diastrophism, and climatic oscillations, are judged to be the most probable causes of these cycles. End_of_Article - Last_Page 375------------
1087 Right and left ventricular morphologic and functional differences between patients with severe idiopathic vs. secondary pulmonary hypertension; insights from cardiovascular MRI

Introduction In pts with long standing pulmonary hypertension (PHTN), RV is the primary organ to withstand the increased pressure which overtime leads to insidious right heart failure. However, the effect of decreased preload due to PHTN and the failing RV on LV function and geometry is unknown. Theoretically, the LV should be spared but clinically it is often noted that, despite a small LV, the perception of a hypertrophied LV with abnormal geometry by 1D and 2D techniques is present.
Hormonal Induction of Abortion.

SummaryOvulation was induced during pregnancy by a single intravenous injection of 10 rat units of pregnancy urine extract. Abortion commonly occurred in rabbits injected about the middle of pregnancy. On the other hand, in animals injected at the beginning of the second trimester, interruption of gestation did not occur.
Venturi scrubber optimization

Abstract The venturi scrubber model developed by Calvert (1970) and Calvert et al. (1972a, b) was used to study penetration minimization at fixed pressure drop. Using a dimensionless scrubber performance number, ΔPτ μ g which contains pressure drop (ΔP), particle relaxation time (τ), and gas viscosity (μg), the analysis presented here predicts minimum penetration when the product of Calvert's empirical factor, f, and the inertial impaction parameter, K, is 1.1. These results are compared with data. Venturi operating conditions are identified which provide theoretically minimum penetration for particles of any size.
Use of commercial metallic strain gauges as low temperature heaters

Abstract The heat capacity of a resistive strain gauge has been measured. Such gauges may be used as electrical heaters in low-temperature applications. The units are small, inexpensive, durable and reusable.
Parental Dependence and Filial Responsibility in the Nineteenth Century: Hial Hawley and Emily Hawley Gillespie, 1884–1885

This paper examines diaries written by an Iowa farm woman and her daughter in the 1880s that focus on care of the former's father. It highlights the problems intergenerational living arrangements could produce in the 19th century. In addition, it examines three general themes: the impact on adult children of financial responsibility for elderly parents, the responses of elderly people to structures of subordination, and the significance of hierarchies of gender as well as generation.
Distributed computing architecture for image-based wavefront sensing and 2D FFTs

Image-based wavefront sensing (WFS) provides significant advantages over interferometric-based wavefi-ont sensors such as optical design simplicity and stability. However, the image-based approach is computational intensive, and therefore, specialized high-performance computing architectures are required in applications utilizing the image-based approach. The development and testing of these high-performance computing architectures are essential to such missions as James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Terrestial Planet Finder-Coronagraph (TPF-C and CorSpec), and Spherical Primary Optical Telescope (SPOT). The development of these specialized computing architectures require numerous two-dimensional Fourier Transforms, which necessitate an all-to-all communication when applied on a distributed computational architecture. Several solutions for distributed computing are presented with an emphasis on a 64 Node cluster of DSPs, multiple DSP FPGAs, and an application of low-diameter graph theory. Timing results and performance analysis will be presented. The solutions offered could be applied to other all-to-all communication and scientifically computationally complex problems.
Synthesis of fused ethyleneimines from cyclic olefins

The stereospecific addition of iodine isocyanate to cyclic olefins leads via trans iodo isocyanates to trans iodo carbamates in good yields. The latter are converted by reaction with base into ethyleneimines. In this manner the following conversions were accomplished: cyclohexene to cyclohexeneimine, dihydronaphthalene to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanaphthalene(1,2)imine, indene to indene(1,2)imine, 2-cholestene to cholestene(2β,3β)imine, styrene to α-phenylethyleneimine. A mechanistic interpretation of the reactions involved is given.
Dft study of pt adsorption on low index srtio3 surfaces: srtio3(1 0 0), srtio3(1 1 1) and srtio3(1 1 0)

Abstract Density Functional Theory has been used to determine the energetically preferred structures of submonolayer, monolayer, and multilayer Pt films on both ideal terminations of SrTiO3(1 0 0), SrTiO3(1 1 1), and SrTiO3(1 1 0). The strength of the resulting metal/metal oxide interfaces was characterized by the adsorption energy of the film and the film’s work of separation. The two polar surfaces, SrTiO3(1 1 1) and SrTiO3(1 1 0), form significantly stronger interfaces than the non-polar SrTiO3(1 0 0) surface. Approximate criteria were applied to predict the growth mode of Pt on each surface.