cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethanol self-administration in mice under a second-order schedule

Long Fixed-Interval (FI) schedules, particularly second-order schedules, can engender substantial responding before drug or ethanol delivery that is uninfluenced by the direct effects of the drug or ethanol. Thus, these schedules can be used to study the effects of medications upon drug- or ethanol-seeking, uninfluenced by the direct effects of the self-administered drug or ethanol. Long FI second-order schedules are frequently used in primates and occasionally in rats. Under second-order schedules, completion of one response requirement, e.g., a Fixed Ratio 10 (FR10:S), produces a brief stimulus presentation, e.g., a 1-s 80-dB 4-kHZ tone, and this FR10:S serves as the response unit under another schedule, e.g., an FI 1800-s. Thus, the first FR10 completed after 1800 s would result in delivery both of the tone and of reinforcement, e.g., 10 × 0.01 mL 16% (w/v) ethanol. To examine if such schedules could be effectively used in mice, which have advantages in neurobiological and genetic studies, we trained eight C57BL/6J mice to respond under the schedule just described. This schedule maintained substantial responding. The temporal pattern of behavior was typical of an FI schedule with responding accelerating across the interval. We also examined the effects of acute and chronic administration of fluvoxamine on this responding, and these were modest. Finally, we examined responding when alcohol and/or tone deliveries were withheld, and found that extinction occurred most rapidly when both were withheld. This work demonstrates that long FI schedules of ethanol delivery may be useful in studying ethanol seeking in mice.
Endodermal growth factors promote endocardial precursor cell formation from precardiac mesoderm.

Abstract We previously demonstrated that the initial emergence of endocardial precursor cells (endocardial angioblasts) occurred within the precardiac mesoderm and that the endodermal secretory products promoted delamination of cells from the precardiac mesoderm and expression of endothelial lineage markers [Dev. Biol. 175 (1996), 66]. In this study, we sought to extend our original study to the identification of candidate molecules derived from the endoderm that might have induced endocardial precursor cell formation. We have detected expression of transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) 2, 3, and 4 in anterior endoderm at Hamburger and Hamilton (H-H) stage 5 by RT-PCR. To address the role of growth factors known to be present in the endoderm, precardiac mesodermal explants were isolated from H-H stage 5 quail embryos and cultured on the surface of collagen gels with serum-free defined medium 199. Similar to the effect of explants cocultured with anterior endoderm, when cultured with TGFβs 1–3 (3 ng/ml each), explants formed QH-1 (anti-quail endothelial marker)-positive mesenchymal cells, which invaded the gel and expressed the extracellular marker, cytotactin (tenascin). Another member of the TGFβ superfamily, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2; 100 ng/ml), did not induce QH-1-positive mesenchymal cell formation but promoted formation of an epithelial monolayer on the surface of the collagen gel; this monolayer did not express QH-1. Explants treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165, 100 ng/ml) also did not invade the gel but formed an epithelial-like outgrowth on the surface of the gel. However, this monolayer did express the QH-1 marker. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2; 250 ng/ml)-treated explants expressed QH-1 and exhibited separation of the cells on the surface of the gel. Finally, a combination of TGFβs and VEGF enhanced formation of QH-1-positive cord-like structures within the gel from mesenchyme that had previously invaded the gel. Luminization of the cords, however, was not clearly evident. These findings suggest that TGFβs, among the growth factors tested, mediate the initial step of endocardial formation, i.e., delamination of endothelial precursor cells from precardiac mesoderm, whereas VEGF may primarily effect early vasculogenesis (cord-like structure formation).
Electrostatic techniques for protection of optical components in dusty environments

Electrostatic techniques can be used to keep dust and aerosols from depositing on optical components. The system makes use of a corona discharge and a safety screen, located out of the optical path, to charge the incoming dust and then push it away from the optical surface. The system is effective for the dust particles normally found in the atmosphere, there are no exposed high voltage components or moving parts, and power consumption is quite limited.
Proteoglycan-19, laminin and collagen type IV production is correlated with the levels of mRNA in F9 cell aggregates differentiating in the presence or absence of cyclic AMP.

Abstract F9 embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate to embryoid bodies containing an outer epithelial layer of visceral endoderm cells when cultured as aggregates in medium containing retinoic acid (RA). Another pathway of differentiation to parietal endoderm is followed when dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) is added to the medium. We have measured the accumulated levels of RNA transcripts from a chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycan gene (PG-19), the type IV collagen α, α2 subunit genes, and laminin B1, B2 subunit genes during these differentiation processes. Laminin B2 gene is uniquely regulated among the extracellular matrix component genes studied. The level of laminin B2 RNA remains almost invariant during RA induction of differentiation but is induced 11-fold by cAMP with RA. In contrast, laminin B1, collagen IV α, and α2 genes are induced in two stages with six- to sevenfold accumulation of RNA induced by RA and fourfold greater levels by cAMP (19-to 28-fold overall). All of these matrix-encoding genes except proteoglycan are expressed at low levels in unstimulated F9 cells, whereas PG-19 is completely undetectable and is observed only after 2 days of stimulation with RA. Its increased expression with RA and cAMP induction is at least 100-fold during F9 differentiation. Extracellular matrix transcripts are relatively stable and this accounts in part for high accumulated levels during differentiation. We conclude that several kinds of gene regulation occur among the matrix components and other differentiation markers, and this makes the F9 model system useful to study the differential effects of hormone treatments on cellular events leading to differentiation and loss of tumorigenicity.
Does the polar cap disappear under an extended strong northward IMF

Abstract The suggestion that the polar cap can completely disappear under certain northward IMF conditions is still controversial. We know that the size of the polar cap is strongly controlled by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Under a southward IMF, the polar cap is usually large and filled with weak diffuse polar rain electrons. The polar cap shrinks under a northward IMF. Here we use the global auroral images and coincident particle measurements on May 15, 2005 to show that the discrete arcs (due to precipitation of both electrons and ions) expanded from the dayside oval to the nightside oval and filled the whole polar ionosphere after a long (8 h) and strong (∼5–30 nT) northward IMF Bz, The observations suggested that the polar cap disappeared under a closed magnetosphere.
Predicted high energy break in the isotropic gamma ray spectrum: a test of cosmological origin.

Critical test of cosmological pion decay hypothesis for origin of isotropic gamma radiation above 1 MeV
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry identification of metabolites of two 5-HT1A antagonists, N-{2-[4-(2-methoxylphenyl)piperazino]ethyl}-N-(2-pyridyl) trans- and cis-4-fluorocyclohexanecarboxamide, produced by human and rat hepatocytes

Two 5-HT1A antagonists, t-FCWAY and c-FCWAY, were developed as imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET). In order to evaluate these compounds, hepatocytes from both human and rat were utilized to produce metabolites and LC-MS-MS was used to identify metabolites. These in vitro metabolism studies indicate that hydrolysis of the amide linkage is the major metabolism pathway for humans, whereas aromatic ring-oxidation is the major metabolism pathway for rat. The rat hepatocyte results correlate well with in vivo rat metabolism studies. Based on the structures of the metabolites, we have developed an extraction procedure to determine the concentration of the parent compound in plasma.
Decreasing the incidence of recurrence of first time anterior shoulder dislocations with rehabilitation

Studies of adolescent and young adult males sustaining primary anterior shoulder dislocations reveal the likelihood of recurrence to be virtually always above 50% and as high as 79% to 94%. Common among these investigations is the lack of a specific, rigidly adhered to rehabilitation program. During a 3 1/2 year period, 20 midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy sustained primary anterior shoulder dislocations. All participated in an identical treatment regimen which included a restrengthening program emphasizing the muscles of internal rotation and adduction, plus rigid restrictions of activities until the goals of their rehabilitation program were satisfied. Exercises progressed from isometrics through isotonics and isokinetics. Goals included return to full active, unrestricted duty and athletic participation which included participation in the sport that resulted in the original dislocation. Patients were followed for an average of 35.8 months (with a range of 17 to 45 months). During the period of study there were five recurrences (25%). A success rate of 75% would suggest that adherence to a specific, aggressive postdislocation rehabilitation program, plus rigid restrictions of activities until the goals of the program are satisfied, can substantially improve the likelihood of a full return to activity without recurrent shoulder dislocation.
The breaking and mending of porphyrins: reductive coupling of secochlorin bisaldehydes

The reaction of free base or Ni(II) complex secochlorin bisaldehydes 4H2 and 4Ni regenerates the ultimate starting material of the bisaldehydes, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin 2H2 and 2Ni, respectively. Depending on the reaction conditions employed (hydrazine hydrate in pyridine at reflux or hydrazine hydrate activated with sulfur in the presence of aqueous NaOH at ambient temperature), either porphyrin 2H2 is formed together with known dihydroxymorpholinochlorin 9H2 or known 2-hydroxychlorin 8H2. Two different reaction pathways for the hydrazine reaction can be derived, either involving the formation of a meso-tetraphenyl-1,4,5-triazepinoporphyrin that loses spontaneously N2 or a Wolff–Kishner-type pathway that also involves an intramolecular aldol-type reaction. Neither reaction is synthetically useful but both highlight in an impressive fashion the high thermodynamic stability of porphyrins. They also bring the ‘breaking and mending of porphyrin’ strategy to its ultimate conclusion by regenerating the starting porphyrin.
Order–disorder transitions of π‐conjugated polymers in condensed phases. II. Model calculations

Numerical calculations of the phase behavior and spectroscopic properties of π‐conjugated polymers are presented based on the theory developed in the preceding paper. The specific model studied includes the single chain statistics and the configuration‐dependent polymer–solvent interactions. The detailed dependence of the transition temperature and coexistence region on solvent, defect formation energy, chain length, and polydispersity is established. Relevance of the equilibrium calculations to electronic absorption and light scattering measurements is discussed. Experimental implications of the results for the polydiacetylenes, and the effects of system‐specific generalizations of the theory, are briefly considered.
The use of bioinspired alterations in the glycosaminoglycan content of collagen–GAG scaffolds to regulate cell activity

The design of biomaterials for regenerative medicine can require biomolecular cues such as growth factors to induce a desired cell activity. Signal molecules are often incorporated into the biomaterial in either freely-diffusible or covalently-bound forms. However, biomolecular environments in vivo are often complex and dynamic. Notably, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), linear polysaccharides found in the extracellular matrix, are involved in transient sequestration of growth factors via charge interactions. Biomaterials mimicking this phenomenon may offer the potential to amplify local biomolecular signals, both endogenously produced and exogenously added. GAGs of increasing sulfation (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin) were incorporated into a collagen-GAG (CG) scaffold under development for tendon tissue engineering. Manipulating the degree of GAG sulfation significantly impacts sequestration of growth factors from the media. Increasing GAG sulfation improved equine tenocyte metabolic activity in normal serum (10% FBS), low serum (1% FBS), and IGF-1 supplemented media conditions. Notably, previously reported dose-dependent changes in tenocyte bioactivity to soluble IGF-1 within the CG scaffold were replicated by using a single dose of soluble IGF-1 in scaffolds containing increasingly sulfated GAGs. Collectively, these results suggest that CG scaffold GAG content can be systematically manipulated to regulate the sequestration and resultant enhanced bioactivity of growth factor signals on cell behavior within the matrix.
Regulated Functions Whose Fourier Series Converge for Every Change of Variable

Abstract For any continuous and 2π-periodic function f , the GW condition is known to be necessary and sufficient for the everywhere convergence of the Fourier series of f ∘ g for every homeomorphism g of [−π, π] with itself. It is shown that we may replace the continuous functions in this result by those which have right and left limits at each point.
The Trinity of Non-univocal Persons: Towards a Model of Doctrinal Writing

Difficulties persist in interpreting the “three Persons” in the Trinity. The solution explored here employs a non-univocal or differentiated concept of Personhood. “Personhood” applied to God is itself three-in-one, explicated as the Suprapersonal, the Personal, and the Interpersonal. This novel taxis provides the structure for a dialectical progression through the Trinity that spans several points of dispute in recent trinitarian theology. Yet this taxis is not a proper name for God, but is best understood as a kind of self-canceling “appropriation.” The whole is thus an exercise in an altered mode of writing doctrine, a synthesis of construction and deconstruction.
Evaluation of template matching for tumor motion management with cine-MR images in lung cancer patients.

Purpose: Accurate determination of tumor position is crucial for successful application of motion compensated radiotherapy in lung cancer patients. This study tested the performance of an automated template matching algorithm in tracking the tumor position on cine-MR images by examining the tracking error and further comparing the tracking error to the interoperator variability of three human reviewers. Methods: Cine-MR images of 12 lung cancer patients were analyzed. Tumor positions were determined both automatically with template matching and manually by a radiation oncologist and two additional reviewers trained by the radiation oncologist. Performance of the automated template matching was compared against the ground truth established by the radiation oncologist. Additionally, the tracking error of template matching, defined as the difference in the tumor positions determined with template matching and the ground truth, was investigated and compared to the interoperator variability for all patients in the anterior-posterior (AP) and superior-inferior (SI) directions, respectively. Results: The median tracking error for ten out of the 12 patients studied in both the AP and SI directions was less than 1 pixel (= 1.95 mm). Furthermore, the median tracking error for seven patients in the AP direction and nine patients in the SI direction was less than half a pixel (= 0.975 mm). The median tracking error was positively correlated with the tumor motion magnitude in both the AP (R = 0.55, p = 0.06) and SI (R = 0.67, p = 0.02) directions. Also, a strong correlation was observed between tracking error and interoperator variability (y = 0.26 + 1.25x, R = 0.84, p < 0.001) with the latter larger. Conclusions: Results from this study indicate that the performance of template matching is comparable with or better than that of manual tumor localization. This study serves as preliminary investigations towards developing online motion tracking techniques for hybrid MRI-Linac systems. Accuracy of template matching makes it a suitable candidate to replace the labor intensive manual tumor localization for obtaining the ground truth when testing other motion management techniques.
Observational Learning of a Bar-Press by Rats.

Summary In two experiments, the effects of presenting a conspecific on the simultaneous and subsequent acquisition of an operant were investigated. Experiment 1 indicated that albino rats which had a conspecific merely present in a nearby chamber did not learn as quickly as did those which were alone or those which observed a trained model displaying the operant. Experiment 2 indicated that subsequent to observing a model displaying the operant, Long-Evans rats learned more quickly than either the alone or mere-presence control. The findings suggest that the presence of a conspecific may serve both interfering and perceptual/cognitive functions during observational learning.
Determining STOL Ride Quality Criteria-Passenger Acceptance

The ability to mathematically model human reaction to variables involved in transportation systems offers a very desirable tool both for the prediction of passenger acceptance of proposed systems and for establishing acceptance criteria for the system designer. As a first step in the development of a general model for STOL systems, a mathematical formulation is presented which accepts as inputs nine variables felt to be important in flight under STOL-type conditions and presents an index of human response as the output. The variables used are three linear motions, three angular motions, pressure, temperature, and noise level. The model is based on a deterministic approach, and was calibrated using data obtained by recording quantitative subjective responses of special test subjects while simultaneously measuring all variables. Several aircraft types were used under both experimental flight conditions and commercial airline operations. Ride quality criteria developed by using the model to study response to various combinations of the variables over extended ranges of frequency, amplitude, and rates of change will be presented. The results can be used to establish specifications for stability augmentation systems to improve the ride quality of existing STOL aircraft.
Temporal Inferencing on Administrative Databases

Temporal inferencing is basic to business data processing, e.g. in such concepts as income, wealth, exchange, budgeting and contractual commitment. Time appears in numerous forms within the information system, however, in data items of varying syntax; or implicitly, in the current state of the database. Here, a uniform concept of time based on temporal intervals over a continuous calendar scale is suggested for administrative applications. Temporal operators and related axioms are proposed for logical databases.
The Presence of Portal Vein Thrombosis Alters the Classic Enhancement Associated with Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Aims To determine whether the presence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) where venous flow within the liver may be altered may delay the diagnosis of HCC and be associated with more advanced disease. We characterized the incidence and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of patients with PVT compared with those without PVT.
Acute ethanol administration impairs spatial performance while facilitating nonspatial performance in rats.

Acute ethanol administration produces learning and memory impairments similar to those found following lesions to the hippocampal system in rats. For example, both ethanol and hippocampal lesions impair performance on spatial learning and memory tasks while sparing performance on many nonspatial learning and memory tasks. Lesions to the hippocampal system can also alter the nature of the information that the animal uses to guide its behavior, from using spatial information to using individual cues. In the present experiment, rats were trained, while sober, to navigate on an eight-arm radial arm maze to a specific arm for food reward. During training, the rewarded arm was always in the same specific location and contained well-defined cues. After the rat learned the task, a memory test was conducted under different doses of ethanol (0.0 g/kg [saline control], 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg, intraperitoneal). On the test day the maze was rotated so that the cued arm was 90 degrees to the right of its original position. During testing, intact rats showed a significant bias to approach the place where they had been previously rewarded, even though the cue was no longer located there. Acute ethanol administration dose dependently reduced approaches to the rewarded place. However, ethanol administration did not result in increases in random choices; rather, it resulted in a dose-dependent increase in approaches to the cued arm, now in a new location. These results extend previous research showing that acute ethanol administration and lesions to the hippocampal system produce similar effects on learning and memory in rats.
Isolating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) oligomers via continuous, two-column supercritical extraction

Abstract A commercially produced petroleum pitch (M-50) consisting of PAH oligomers was fractionated via supercritical (SC)/dense-gas extraction, using two packed columns operating in series on a continuous basis. In the 1st column, toluene was used as the SC solvent, and a monomer- and dimer-rich cut was obtained as the top product. In the 2nd column, supercritical pentane was used to obtain 96+% pure monomer (as top product) and 96+% pure dimer (as bottom product) streams. All of the monomer and almost 90% of the dimer present in the original feed pitch were recovered in these two product streams. High (>10) solvent-to-feed ratios, positive column temperature gradients, and rectifying/stripping (vs. stripping only) operation were all found to significantly improve selectivities for a given oligomer. The above two-column setup was also used to isolate a trimer-rich cut by using SC toluene as the solvent for both columns.
Prospective study of ambulation after open and laparoscopic colorectal resection.

Purpose. Open and laparoscopic surgical approaches each have specific advantages. This study compares ambulation, hospital length of stay (LOS), and incision length after open and laparoscopic colorectal resection. Methods. All consecutive patients undergoing colorectal resection over a 2 year period ending August 2002 were followed prospectively. Ambulation, LOS, and incision length were recorded. Hybrid low anterior resection (LAR) patients had laparoscopic splenic flexure takedown, vessel ligation, and proximal rectal mobilization followed by planned inferior laparotomy to complete the case. Groups were compared using Student's t test. Results. Equivalent open and laparoscopic groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, body mass index, ASA class, indication for operation, and resection performed. Seventy open colectomy patients were compared with 99 laparoscopic-assisted colectomy patients. On average, patients in the open and laparoscopic groups ambulated 67 and 390 feet, respectively, on postope...
The Association Between Work-Family Conflict and Job Burnout Among Correctional Staff: A Preliminary Study

Working in corrections can be a demanding career in which work-family conflict and job burnout are possible. This study examined the relationship of the different forms of work-family conflict (time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family on work conflict) with job burnout. Multivariate analysis of survey results from 160 staff who worked at a private Midwestern correctional facility for youthful offenders indicated that strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family on work conflict all had positive associations with job burnout. Time-based conflict had a non-significant relationship with job burnout.
Sensitivity analysis of near-infrared glucose absorption signals: toward noninvasive blood glucose sensing

Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring is a long pursued goal in clinical diagnostic. Among several other optical methods, near infrared absorption spectroscopy is the most promising one for the noninvasive application to date. However, realization has not been achieved. A major obstacle is the low signal-to-noise ration pertinent to physiological blood glucose measurement using the near infrared absorption technique. Sensitivity analysis of aqueous glucose absorption signals was performed in the combination band region and in the first-overtone region. The analysis involved quantification of both glucose absorption signal and the corresponding spectral noise within a particular wavelength region. Glucose absorption band at 4430cm-1 (2257nm) in the combination band region was found to give an order of magnitude higher signal-to-noise ratio than the strongest band in the first-overtone region. A Fourier- filtering algorithm was applied to the raw absorbance data to remove some of the unwanted spectral variations. With simple peak-to-peak analysis to the Fourier-filtered absorbance data, repeatability of less than ±0.5mmol/L was achieved. In addition, effects of temperature variations on the absorption spectra were studied. The effects of sample temperature were compensated with the application of the Fourier filter.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A ventilator and ventilation supervisor for the NASA Space Station

An expert ventilator alarm system was developed for the NASA Space Station. The alarm system identifies critical events and delivers diagnostic textual messages in real time. Using simulation, 520 critical events were created. The expert system correctly identified 98% of the events. By providing specific alarm text messages to identify specific events, the system can improve patient care and help the patient care personnel respond more correctly to critical events. >
Electron-pair analysis for doubly excited ridge states. II. L=1.

We study doubly excited ridge states using hyperspherical coordinates. Viewing the two electrons as a pair, as we did for 1 S states in a previous paper [Phys. Rev. A 46, 6933 (1992)], here we extend to the L=1 states. By diagonalizing the potential energy within manifolds of fixed grand angular momentum, we get simple, even analytical, expressions for the effective charge. Upper bounds for the energies of the L=1 states are derived through the Runge-Kutta numerical procedure
Single-Session Consultations for Parents: A Preliminary Investigation:

Many parents want child-rearing information and emotional support from mental health professionals but are reluctant to attend group parenting classes or commit to long-term counseling. This study evaluated the efficacy of a specific, brief parent consultation intervention. Preliminary data were collected during routine single-session parenting consultations offered through a community agency. Preconsultation and postconsultation data from 21 of 33 (63.6%) consultees were analyzed using two-tailed paired-sample t tests with Bonferroni adjustments. Results, based on parent responses to a 17-item Likert-type questionnaire, indicated that parents rated themselves as less stressed and more capable of handling their children’s behaviors following their single-session consultation. Satisfaction ratings and qualitative data were consistent with self-ratings, suggesting that parents had very positive reactions to their brief consultation experiences. Discussion focused on the limits of this investigation and reco...
Citizens, Representatives, and the Myth of the Decision-Making Divide

In this study, I use a computerized experiment to test whether elected officials differ from everyday citizens in how they use information to make political choices. Ninety state and local level elected officials took part in the study, as did 179 adults from the general population. I tracked participants’ information use as they attempted to solve two hypothetical public policy problems. The data show that while elected officials differ from everyday citizens in their demographics and in the consistency of their political views, these groups did not differ systematically in their depth of information search, their proclivity to compare choice alternatives, or their depth of information processing. These findings held across two different public policy scenarios, controlling for differences in political knowledge, education, and elective experience. In addition to opening a new methodological frontier for the study of political elites, these results accelerate an ongoing debate between Burkeian paternalists and advocates of a more populist democracy.
Super-Higgs effect in a new class of scalar models and a model of super QED

We present results on the scalar supermultiplet coupled to supergravity. A locally supersymmetric theory with generalized kinetic and nonderivative interaction terms is found. We discuss a number of examples. Symmetry breakdown and the "super-Higgs" effect are studied, as is a consistent truncation of the SO(4) extended theory. Finally, we find the local extension of supersymmetric massless QED and discuss symmetry breakdown in this system.
Treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome using a dopamine agonist and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist: a case series

Objective To describe an outpatient treatment protocol for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) that results in rapid normalization of symptoms with minimal side effects. Design Case series. Setting Midwestern academic reproductive endocrinology division. Patient(s) Four consecutive patients, diagnosed with OHSS, who presented after oocyte retrieval but before embryo transfer. Intervention(s) All embryos were frozen and each patient was treated with the same dopamine agonist and GnRH antagonist protocol. Main Outcome Measure(s) Daily weights, days to resolution of clinical symptoms, side effects of the treatment protocol, and whether or not acute care or hospitalization was necessary. Result(s) The most rapid weight loss was within the first 5 days of treatment. The average time to resolution of clinical symptoms was 5.75 days. No side effects were reported and no patients required acute care or hospitalization. Conclusion(s) Dopamine agonists and GnRH antagonists, when given together at the time of diagnosis of OHSS, appear to work rapidly and effectively to diminish the clinical symptoms of the disease. The potential benefit of finding an outpatient treatment for OHSS with rapid onset and minimal side effects warrants further investigation into this protocol.
Duration of the normal P wave.

Abstract Accurate use of the P wave in electrocardiographic measurernent and in electrocardiographic timing of physiologic events requires prior study in each individual to determine the lead with the maximal P wave duration. Magnification of electrocardiographic waves is useful to determine their duration. The duration of the P wave in the electrocardiograms of 50 normal males was found to exceed the accepted normal. Criteria for normal P wave duration based on average values of the duration in all leads or average values of the duration in specific leads are not representative of maximal P wave duration in the electrocardiogram. Maximal P wave duration must be considered most representative of atrial electrical activity. P waves of less than 0.12 sec in duration should not generally be considered representative of atrial electrical activity in normal subjects.
The Role of Closed Gyres in Setting the Zonal Transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

AbstractEddy-permitting simulations are used to show that basinlike gyres can be observed in the large-scale barotropic flow of a wind-driven channel with a meridional topographic ridge. This is confirmed using both two-layer quasigeostrophic and 25-level primitive equation models at high horizontal resolution. Comparing results from simulations with and without the topographic ridge, it is shown that the zonal baroclinic transport in the channel increases with increasing wind stress when the bottom topography is flat but not when there is a meridional ridge. The saturation of transport for increasing wind occurs in conjunction with the development of recirculating gyres in the large-scale barotropic streamfunction. This suggests that the total circulation can be thought of as a superposition of a gyre mode (which has zero circumpolar transport) and a free circumpolar mode (which contains all of the transport). Basinlike gyres arise in the channel because the topography steers the barotropic streamlines a...
Skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis.

Purpose of reviewWhereas much investigation in atopic dermatitis has focused upon the adaptive immune response, new data suggest that allergic sensitization may occur secondary to impairment of skin barrier function.Recent findingsTwo common loss-of-function mutations in the FLG gene encoding filagg
Abstract 2256: p53 gene expression is epigenetically regulated during replicative senescence in keratinocytes

Cancer is one of the most prevalent age-associated diseases in elderly populations and is largely attributed to accumulation of genetic mutations secondary to the loss of tumor suppressive functions. p53 is a potent tumor suppressor that is implicated in organismal aging in vivo and replicative senescence in vitro; however, its transcriptional regulation during replicative senescence in cells remain unclear. The current study was undertaken to examine the epigenetic regulation of p53 transcription during replicative senescence in normal human keratinocytes. Normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) undergoing senescence upon serial subcultures exhibited a decrease in p53 gene expression. Methylation status of two CpG islands in the p53 promoter was evaluated by treating with 5-aza-CdR, a demethylating agent, and by using bisulfite methylation sequencing analysis. Status of histone modification was evaluated using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay with anti-H3K27me3, a repressive mark, and anti-H3Ac, an active mark at the 5 different sites of the p53 promoter regions. In the presence of 5-aza-CdR, there was no increase in p53 expression in senescent NHOK at both mRNA and protein level. Bisulfite-sequencing analysis revealed no methylation changes at the CpG islands in the p53 promoters from young and senescent NHOK. However, during replicative senescence in NHOK, there were notable enrichment of anti-H3K27me3 occupancy and significant decrease in anti-H3Ac occupancy in the p53 promoter regions, indicating that chromatin at the p53 locus undergo compaction during replicative senescence. Our study demonstrates that the diminution of p53 during replicative senescence is epigenetically regulated in human keratinocytes. Citation Format: Reuben H. Kim, Mo K. Kang, Terresa Kim, Paul Yang, Christine Hong, Ki-Hyuk Shin, No-Hee Park. p53 gene expression is epigenetically regulated during replicative senescence in keratinocytes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2256. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2256
Combined effects of alcohol and hepatitis C: a secondary analysis of alcohol use biomarkers and high-risk behaviors from two medication trials for alcohol dependence.

Abstract Objectives The goal of this secondary analysis was to examine the combined effects of HCV infection and recent alcohol use on baseline biologic markers of alcohol consumption in two outpatient medication trials for alcohol dependence. In addition, the relationship between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and behavioral risk factors for HCV infection in these clinical populations were examined. Methods Data ( n = 345) from two randomized, placebo-controlled trials of naltrexone and psychosocial treatment for alcohol dependence (Study I, n = 212) and comorbid alcohol and cocaine dependence (Study II, n = 133) were used to examine baseline measures of HCV risk behaviors (injection drug use, needle sharing), and biomarkers of alcohol use (AST, ALT, GGT and CDT) were compared by HCV serostatus first within each study and then across studies. Results Although groups had differing sociodemographic profiles (as indicated by race, marital status, level of education) subjects in Study I exhibited no statistically significant differences from the Study II cohort in HCV prevalence (12.7 vs. 20.0%, p = 0.07), lifetime history of injection drug use (13.8 vs. 22.0%, p = 0.74), lifetime history of needle sharing (9.1 vs. 18.0%, p = 0.62). As such, the data from both studies were analyzed together. Regardless of drinking status, HCV infection was significantly associated with an upward shift in the baseline level of ALT, AST, and GGT ( p p = 0.002). When using standard laboratory cutoff values to determine clinically significant elevations, HCV seropositivity was significantly associated with elevations in ALT, AST, GGT ( p p = .002). Conclusions These data emphasize the importance of evaluating HCV infection and HCV risk behaviors at intake in medication trials for alcohol dependence and also raise questions regarding the use of cutoff scores for ALT, AST, GGT and CDT levels as biologic markers of alcohol use in subjects when HCV status is unknown.
Environmental controls and economic growth

Abstract A modified form of the Solow growth model is examined to determine the conditions under which environmental controls cause economic growth to cease. When the model is expanded to include a waste treatment sector and the rate at which harmful wastes may be discharged is limited, there is an upper limit on productive capital and hence a steady state for all capital-dependent production functions. If the rate at which harmful wastes are allowed to be discharged is a set fraction of the rate at which they are generated and therefore are allowed to increase, there is no upper limit imposed on productive capital. For given technology there is, however, a limit on the fraction that can be removed.
Application of composite right/left-handed half-mode substrate integrated waveguide to the design of a dual-band rat-race coupler

Based on the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) transmission line (TL), a dual-band rat-race coupler is implemented and presented in this paper. The CRLH behavior of the HMSIW TL is obtained by etching the interdigital slot on the waveguide surface. It supports the propagation of the backward-wave below the characteristic waveguide cutoff frequency in the left-handed (LH) region and the forward-wave in the right-handed (RH) region. This attribute (phase advance and phase delay at different frequencies) is applied to the design of a dual-band rat-race coupler. Equivalent circuit and dispersion diagram are discussed. Theory and synthesis procedures are provided. Couplers based on the conventional HMSIW and CRLH HMSIW are designed, fabricated and compared. Their 180°-out-of-phase and in-phase operations are verified. Good agreement between the simulation and measurement is observed.
Incidence rates of salivary gland tumors : results from a population-based study

Salivary gland tumors are uncommon, and their epidemiology has not been well described. We conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study of parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual gland tumors newly diagnosed in Jefferson County, Alabama, hospitals from 1968 to 1989. Incidence rates were estimated with a population-based subset of cases diagnosed during the years 1979 to 1980, 1983 to 1984, or 1987 to 1988. Among 248 incident cases, 84.3% were benign and 15.7% were malignant. Eighty-six percent of cases arose in the parotid gland, and 14% arose in the submaxillary gland. No sublingual gland tumor was identified. The benign mixed tumor was the most frequent tumor (65.6%), followed by Warthin's tumor (29.2%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor (51.3%). The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 was 4.7 for benign tumors and 0.9 for malignant tumors. Incidence rates for both benign and malignant tumors increased with age until ages 65 to 74 years and then declined. Benign mixed tumors occurred more frequently in female patients, whereas Warthin's tumors and malignant tumors occurred more frequently in male patients (P < 0.05). Warthin's tumor was rare in black patients (P < 0.001). We conclude that salivary gland tumors are an uncommon but epidemiologically diverse group of tumors. Their causes are also likely to differ.
Lithium-ion battery cell degradation resulting from realistic vehicle and vehicle-to-grid utilization

The effects of combined driving and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) usage on the lifetime performance of relevant commercial Li-ion cells were studied. We derived a nominal realistic driving schedule based on aggregating driving survey data and the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, and used a vehicle physics model to create a daily battery duty cycle. Different degrees of continuous discharge were imposed on the cells to mimic afternoon V2G use to displace grid electricity. The loss of battery capacity was quantified as a function of driving days as well as a function of integrated capacity and energy processed by the cells. The cells tested showed promising capacity fade performance: more than 95% of the original cell capacity remains after thousands of driving days worth of use. Statistical analyses indicate that rapid vehicle motive cycling degraded the cells more than slower, V2G galvanostatic cycling. These data are intended to inform an economic model.
Laparoscopic-Assisted Pull-Through for Hirschsprung's Disease

There appears to be a trend in the management of Hirschsprung's disease toward a one-stage surgical correction in the newborn period. After the development of the one-stage laparoscopic-assisted endorectal pull-through in 1995, the minimally invasive approaches have come to dominate the surgical management of this disease. The laparoscopic-assisted pull-through is ideally suited for those patients with aganglionosis confined to the rectum, sigmoid, or proximal left colon. At the time of the operation, a laparoscopic biopsy is recommended to identify, with certainty, the site of the transition zone before performing the colonic mobilization. Advantages of this approach include reduced discomfort, the early initiation of defecation through a normally positioned ganglionic colon and rectum, and reduced postoperative hospitalization.
A New Mechanism for the Catalytic Growth of Carbon Filaments and Metal Dusting Phenomenon

Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction were used to study the mechanism of the catalytic crystallization of carbon and metal dusting. The following new mechanism is proposed for metal dusting and the growth of carbon filaments. Carbon cannot crystallize well by deposition from carburizing gases at low temperature without catalytic activation because of its strong C-C bonds and high melting temperature. The poorly crystalline carbon has higher free energy than that of good crystalline carbon. To form good crystalline carbon, carbon atoms have to dissolve, diffuse through metal particles, and crystallize on a proper lattice plane that can act as a template to help the epitaxial growth of carbon crystals. Metal particles are liberated from the pure metal and alloys in this process, which leads to metal dusting attack. The decrease of free energy from highly disordered to well crystalline carbon is the driving force for metal dusting and carbon filament growth through metal particles.
Mixed N-Heterocyclic Carbene–Bis(oxazolinyl)borato Rhodium and Iridium Complexes in Photochemical and Thermal Oxidative Addition Reactions

In order to facilitate oxidative addition chemistry of fac-coordinated rhodium(I) and iridium(I) compounds, carbene–bis(oxazolinyl)phenylborate proligands have been synthesized and reacted with organometallic precursors. Two proligands, PhB(OxMe2)2(ImtBuH) (H[1]; OxMe2 = 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline; ImtBuH = 1-tert-butylimidazole) and PhB(OxMe2)2(ImMesH) (H[2]; ImMesH = 1-mesitylimidazole), are deprotonated with potassium benzyl to generate K[1] and K[2], and these potassium compounds serve as reagents for the synthesis of a series of rhodium and iridium complexes. Cyclooctadiene and dicarbonyl compounds {PhB(OxMe2)2ImtBu}Rh(η4-C8H12) (3), {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Rh(η4-C8H12) (4), {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Rh(CO)2 (5), {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Ir(η4-C8H12) (6), and {PhB(OxMe2)2ImMes}Ir(CO)2 (7) are synthesized along with ToMM(η4-C8H12) (M = Rh (8); M = Ir (9); ToM = tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborate). The spectroscopic and structural properties and reactivity of this series of compounds show electronic and steric effec...
Observations in Hailstorms Using the T-28 Aircraft System

Abstract This study relates data gathered during the penetration of hailstorms between 4.9 and 6.7 km MSL by an armored T-28 aircraft to detailed radar data of the hailstorms penetrated. These data recorded by the T-28 data system are combined with observations made by the author while piloting the T-28 through hailstorms. The radar data from the National Hail Research Experiment CPR-2 are specially prepared as Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicator (CAPPI) displays and vertical sections along the aircraft track for comparison with the data gathered by the aircraft system and pilot's observations. The results indicate that significant updrafts are frequently found well ahead of the high radar reflectivity zones. The updrafts are found to be relatively smooth while the high radar reflectivity zones are found to be very turbulent. Significant quantities of supercooled liquid water are found in the updraft regions. Significant airframe icing is found in the strong updrafts with the most severe icing along...
A fixed-removable partial denture for cleft-palate patients

When treating cleft-palate patients with congenital or acquired defects, the Andrews bridge permits rehabilitation with a fixed-removable partial denture when conventional methods are contraindicated. This system permits the replacement of the lost teeth as well as supportive structures necessary for proper esthetics. It provides access to an oral-nasal fistula when one is present. The successful treatment of three cleft-palate patients with the use of the Andrews bridge was described.
Combinatorial reciprocity theorems

A combinatorial reciprocity theorem is a result which establishes a kind of duality between two related enumeration problems. This rather vague concept will become clearer as more and more examples of such theorems are given. We shall be content in this paper with explaining the meaning of various reciprocity theorems via mere statements of results, together with clarifying examples. A rigorous treatment with detailed proofs appears in [11].