cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards the F-theorem: $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ field theories on the three-sphere

For 3-dimensional field theories with $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ supersymmetry the Euclidean path integrals on the three-sphere can be calculated using the method of localization; they reduce to certain matrix integrals that depend on the R-charges of the matter fields. We solve a number ofsuch large N matrix models and calculate the free energy F as a function of the trial R-charges consistent with the marginality of the super potential. In all our $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ superconformal examples, the local maximization of F yields answers that scale as N 3/2 and agree with the dual M-theory backgrounds AdS 4 × Y, where Y are 7-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein spaces. We also find in toric examples that local F-maximization is equivalent to the minimization of the volume of Y over the space of Sasakian metrics, a procedure also referred to as Z-minimization. Moreover, we find that the functions F and Z are related for any trial R-charges. In the models we study F is positive and decreases along RG flows. We therefore propose the “F-theorem” that we hope applies to all 3-d field theories: the finite part of the free energy on the three-sphere decreases along RG trajectories and is stationary at RG fixed points. We also show that in an infinite class of Chern-Simons-matter gauge theories where the Chern-Simons levels do not sum to zero, the free energy grows as N 5/3 at large N. This non-trivial scaling matches that of the free energy of the gravity duals in type IIA string theory with Romans mass.
Are Perceptions of the Developmental Features of Emerging Adulthood and Endorsement of the Hookup Culture Associated with Number of Different Hookup Partners and Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceptions of each developmental feature of emerging adulthood and endorsement of each feature of the hookup culture with number of different hookup partners and hookup behaviors. Participants were 1219 college-attending emerging adults (ages 18–29 years) who completed an online survey about emerging adult experiences. After controlling for semester of data collection and known correlates of hooking up (e.g., age, sex, religiosity, and binge drinking experience), none of the developmental features of emerging adulthood were significantly associated with number of different hookup partners in the last 12 months. In addition, only one feature of the hookup culture was associated with number of different hookup partners: Hooking up is fun. In follow-up analyses among those who reported at least one hookup in the last 12 months (n = 807), some of the developmental features of emerging adulthood (e.g., experimentation/possibilities, negativity/instability) and features of the hookup culture (e.g., hooking up is fun, hooking up provides sexual freedom) helped differentiate reported involvement in various types of hookup behaviors. The most prominent and consistent correlate was number of different hookup partners in the last 12 months (increased likelihood of all behaviors, except deep kissing). Recommendations for understanding hooking up as a developmental and/or cultural experience are discussed.
Aggregation and Bidding of Residential Demand Response into Wholesale Market

An important stimulus for demand-side participation is to allow the demand response (DR) resources to participate in the wholesale market price formation and load dispatch process. Furthermore, it is vital to assess the impacts of DR resources on distribution systems operation. Enabling proactive residential customers to participate in the DR dispatch and price formation process is specially challenging due to the associated diversity and heterogeneity in power consumption patterns. In this paper, we propose an approach for an aggregator/load-serving entity (LSE) to profitably bid the aggregated residential DR resources in a day-ahead wholesale market. The LSE executes load curtailment contracts with the DR resources where the DR resources are remunerated for curtailment at pre-contracted incentive prices. Due to the uncertainty in the day-ahead market clearing price, the problem is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem. The sample average approximation (SAA) method is used to solve the resulting stochastic optimization problem to generate the day-ahead demand bids for the LSE. The proposed approach is demonstrated using an unbalanced IEEE-123 bus test system. It is observed that the amount of load curtailment from DR resources is inversely proportional to the increase in incentive price and the retail electricity price.
The adaptive moral challenge of COVID-19

This author offers of narrative of hope in response to the coronavirus pandemic by viewing it as a wake-up call to lean into the adaptive moral challenge of stewardship for the future of humanity and the planet. Acknowledging the many material and social benefits of a global regime of free market urbanism built on advances in science and technology, this is a point in geohistory, the Anthropocene, when the impact of human activities on the Earth has begun to outcompete natural processes. The coronavirus has illuminated systemic moral failures and new moral challenges of the Anthropocene that call for adaptive response if we are to build a hopeful future for humanity and the planet. Pointing to millennia of human adaptive response to threats and disasters, the author asserts an evolutionary hardiness attributable as much to moral capacities as rational intelligence as a singularly defining trait fueling millennia of human adaptive learning and thrival. The current pandemic is the latest point in humanity’s moral evolution of adaptive response to moments of urgent threat that have tested, expanded, and defined our character and moral capacities as a species. Rather than falter under the moral burden of the coronavirus threat and its consequences, the author views this pivotal point as an opportunity to stretch human moral horizons by taking responsibility for the urgent moral challenges we have created and inventing new ethical frameworks and tools that will lead us to new moral understandings and solutions to the moral challenges we face.
Changes in Alcohol Use and Drinking Context due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multimethod Study of College Student Drinkers.

BACKGROUND: In spring 2020, U.S. universities closed campuses to limit the transmission of COVID-19, resulting in an abrupt change in residence, reductions in social interaction, and in many cases, movement away from a heavy drinking culture. The present mixed-methods study explores COVID-19-related changes in college student drinking. We characterize concomitant changes in social and location drinking contexts and describe reasons attributed to changes in drinking. METHODS: We conducted two studies of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drinking behavior, drinking context, and reasons for both increases and decreases in consumption among college students. Study 1 (qualitative) included 18 heavy-drinking college students (Mage = 20.2; 56% female) who completed semi-structured interviews. Study 2 (quantitative) included 312 current and former college students who reported use of alcohol and cannabis (Mage = 21.3; 62% female) and who completed an online survey. RESULTS: In both studies, COVID-19-related increases in drinking frequency were accompanied by decreases in quantity, heavy drinking, and drunkenness. Yet, in Study 2, although heavier drinkers reduced their drinking, among non-heavy drinkers several indices of consumption increased or remained stable . Both studies also provided evidence of reductions in social drinking with friends and roommates and at parties and increased drinking with family. Participants confirmed that their drinking decreased due to reduced social opportunities and/or settings, limited access to alcohol, and reasons related to health and self-discipline. Increases were attributed to greater opportunity (more time) and boredom and to a lesser extent, lower perceived risk of harm and to cope with distress. CONCLUSION: This study documents COVID-19-related changes in drinking among college student drinkers that were attributable to changes in context, particularly a shift away from heavy drinking with peers to lighter drinking with family. Given the continued threat of COVID-19, it is imperative for researchers, administrators, and parents to understand these trends as they may have lasting effects on college student drinking behaviors.
Long-term control of primary cerebral ALH amyloidoma with focal radiation therapy

ABSTRACT Primary cerebral amyloidoma is an exceedingly rare condition that refers to localized tumor-like deposition of amyloid in the brain without evidence of an underlying systemic process such as multiple myeloma. Reported cases of primary cerebral amyloidoma to date have described restricted light-chain deposition (AL amyloid); we report two cases of primary cerebral amyloidoma with additional heavy-chain deposition (ALH amyloid). Overall, when localized disease is present, therapy such as surgery or radiation therapy is considered to limit the risk of progression. However, in part due to the rarity of the condition, defining optimal treatment has been problematic. Here we discuss definitive management of ALH primary cerebral amyloidoma treated with focal radiation therapy.
5 Recovering from COVID – improving operating room capacity using adaptive clinical management

Background U.S. hospitals will lose more than $53B revenue due to COVID-19 in 2021. The operating room (OR) is the revenue engine of the hospital, 60% of their operating margin comes from perioperative services. Optimizing capacity is essential to financial recovery. Objectives The aim of this project was to use Adaptive Clinical Management to increase operating room (OR) capacity by improving efficiency (figure 1). Methods The distinct phases of OR care were mapped. Surgery Prep Time was defined as the interval between anesthesia readiness and surgical procedure start time. Tasks include moving the patient to the OR table, positioning, prepping the surgical field, and performing safety time-outs. Electronic health records (EHRs) routinely record anesthesia readiness and procedure start time stamps. EHR data was extracted and analyzed by SPC charts using AdaptX (Seattle, WA). Inter-surgeon performance variation was quantified using funnel plots. Interviews with the best performing surgeons informed standard work protocols which were implemented by a clinical champion, then by the wider group. Daily clinical performance data updates enabled surgeons to rapidly adapt their workflows to improve efficiency. Results Baseline surgical prep time was 13.7 minutes (figure 2). Surgeons’ variation in prep times were quantified using a funnel plot (figure 3), two surgeons identified with shorter prep times, one outside the 3-sigma lower control limit (special cause variation). Commonalities in their practices were identified, including specific tasks performed during the surgical prep time, solutions used for prepping, task sequencing, and interdisciplinary collaboration. The team leader adapted their personal workflow in September 2021 and demonstrated a reduction in surgical prep times (figure 4). Team performance also improved (figure 5), surgical prep times reduced to 11.9 minutes. The team performed at least one additional surgery per day, resulting in a 25% increase in case volume (figure 5), from 70 cases per month to 88 cases per month Conclusions Resource-neutral, data driven small system improvements, resulted in a 25% increase in case volumes post intervention, creating >$2.5M additional revenue.
Translation of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) for Use in Inpatient Cancer Rehabilitation.

Introduction Better tools are needed to predict functional decline and oncologic prognosis in inpatient cancer rehabilitation. The Karnofky Performance Status (KPS) is a widely used scale of functional performance in oncology, although the scale differs from current rehabilitation terminology. Use of the KPS in inpatient rehabilitation may support a shared method of communication between cancer rehabilitation providers and the primary oncology teams. Objective To establish interrater reliability for translation of the KPS for use in inpatient cancer rehabilitation. Design Retrospective interrater reliability review. Setting A large inpatient rehabilitation hospital system. Participants Fifty randomized charts were chosen for review from a larger database of all patients admitted to an inpatient cancer rehabilitation program in 2020. Intervention Not applicable. Main outcome measures The KPS scale was translated into common inpatient rehabilitation grading consistent with the Continuity and Assessment Record and Evaluation (CARE) Item Set to support its use in this specialty area. Additionally, a list of best practice guidelines and scoring instructions were created to assist raters in determining appropriate levels within the scale. Members of the inpatient cancer rehabilitation team scored all patients within the larger database (n=424) throughout 2020. A blinded rater completed retrospective chart reviews to score the 50- chart sample. A two-way random effects model was used to calculate an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the KPS scores at each of three time points (premorbid, admission, and discharge). Results The KPS interpretation for rehabilitation proved to be statistically reliable for the 50- chart sample. The premorbid KPS interrater reliability was acceptable (ICC=0.67, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.82), admission KPS reliability was good (ICC=0.88, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.93), and discharge reliability was excellent (ICC= 0.96, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.98). Conclusion The KPS translation at three time points (pre-morbid, admission and discharge) during the inpatient rehabilitation continuum has acceptable interrater reliability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pharmacogenetics of resistance to Cisplatin and other anticancer drugs and the role of sphingolipid metabolism.

Dictyostelium discoideum has proven to be a useful lead genetic system for identifying novel genes and pathways responsible for the regulation of sensitivity to the widely used anti-cancer drug cisplatin. Resistance to cisplatin is a major factor limiting the efficacy of the drug in treating many types of cancer. Studies using unbiased insertional mutagenesis in D. discoideum have identified the pathway of sphingolipid metabolism as a key regulator in controlling sensitivity to cisplatin. Using the genetic tools including directed homologous recombination and ectopic gene expression available with D. discoideum has shown how pharmacological modulation of this pathway can increase sensitivity to cisplatin, and these results have been extensively translated to, and validated in, human cells. Strategies, experimental conditions and methods are presented to enable further study of resistance to cisplatin as well as other important drugs.
Intravesical Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulates an increase in bladder nerve growth factor.

Objective To investigate the effects of the intravesical instillation of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on nerve growth factor (NGF, which may mediate the pain associated with inflammation) protein and mRNA in the bladders of mice. Materials and methodsE. coli LPS was instilled into the bladders of female mice; the whole-bladder NGF content was then determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the NGF mRNA content of the bladder determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Bladder NGF was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry in some of the mice. Results LPS stimulated a significant increase in bladder NGF 90 min after instillation, but bladder NGF content was significantly less than that in bladders of control mice 3 and 7 h after LPS instillation. Twenty-four hours after the intravesical infusion of saline or LPS, there was no difference in NGF content in bladders from saline or LPS-infused mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of increased NGF in the mucosa of detrusor from bladders 90 min after LPS instillation. Bladder NGF mRNA increased more slowly in response to LPS, and 7 and 24 h after LPS instillation the relative abundance of NGF mRNA was 1.5 and 2.0 times greater in LPS-infused bladders, respectively. ConclusionsE. coli LPS can stimulate increased NGF message and protein in the bladder. The increase in NGF protein preceded the increase in mRNA, suggesting that this increase was not the result of gene transcription. It is possible that NGF participates in the pathogenesis of pain associated with bacterial cystitis.
Cue-elicited cocaine craving and autogenic relaxation: Association with treatment outcome

Prior to entering a pharmacotherapy trial for the treatment of cocaine dependence, 19 patients participated in a pretreatment cue-reactivity protocol that concluded with a relaxation exercise. Measures included self-reported craving and skin conductance level (SCL). Post hoc exploratory analyses suggest that neither craving nor change in SCL in response to cocaine cues differentiated patients who subsequently achieved abstinence from those who did not. Craving following the relaxation procedure did differentiate the two groups: patients who subsequently initiated abstinence in treatment reported a reduction in cue-elicited craving to below baseline levels; craving reported by patients who did not successfully complete treatment remained elevated.
Multidimensional Separations by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) couples gas-phase structural separations by IM with mass-to-charge separations by MS. The utility of this integration of multidimensional separation dimensions is manifold, including (i) high throughput multidimensional separations, (ii) separation of chemical noise, and (iii) rapid information in structural biology. This article introduces the unique advantages of IM-MS in biological fields ranging from systems biology to structural biology, the context of which is introduced by a historical perspective of key advances accomplished over the last century. Contemporary and emerging technology for performing IM-MS is presented, and applications using conformational data sets in proteomics, glycomics, and lipidomics are described.
Enhancing relevance models with adaptive passage retrieval

Passage retrieval and pseudo relevance feedback/query expansion have been reported as two effective means for improving document retrieval in literature. Relevance models, while improving retrieval in most cases, hurts performance on some heterogeneous collections. Previous research has shown that combining passage-level evidence with pseudo relevance feedback brings added benefits. In this paper, we study passage retrieval with relevance models in the language-modeling framework for document retrieval. An adaptive passage retrieval approach is proposed to document ranking based on the best passage of a document given a query. The proposed passage ranking method is applied to two relevance-based language models: the Lavrenko-Croft relevance model and our robust relevance model. Experiments are carried out with three query sets on three different collections from TREC. Our experimental results show that combining adaptive passage retrieval with relevance models (particularly the robust relevance model) consistently outperforms solely applying relevance models on full-length document retrieval.
Proteases, Processing, and Thymic Selection

The immune system "presents" peptides to other immune cells by displaying them on the surface of cells bound to a molecule called MHC class II. The process of making these peptides and putting them in this visible cellular spot requires the action of a class of protein-degrading enzymes called cathepsins. Cresswell discusses a report in this issue ([ Nakagawa et al ][1].), which shows that different cathepsins perform this duty in different tissues of the immune system and explains why this might be the case. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/280/5362/450
Pressure-sensitive adhesives based on tung oil

In this study, we report a new, simple, and solvent-free approach for the development of PSAs from renewable tung oil and diols such as propylene glycol (PG), di(ethylene glycol) (DEG), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and PEG-block-PPG-block-PEG. Tung oil reacted easily and efficiently with maleic anhydride (MA) via the Diels–Alder reaction, producing an adduct of tung oil and MA (TOMA) containing an average of 2.4 anhydride groups per triglyceride. Polymerizations of TOMA with the diols afforded cross-linked carboxylic acid-functionalized polyesters. The polyesters were found to be pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with a peel strength of 0.3–4.5 N cm−1, a loop tack of 1–13 N, a shear adhesion of more than 168 h, and a good aging resistance. The PSA properties of the polyesters could be tailored through selection of diols and their amount. Polymerizations of TOMA with short-chain diols such as PG and DEG resulted in PSAs with low peel strength. Polymerizations of TOMA with long-chain PPGs resulted in PSAs with high peel strength and high loop tack. Incorporation of PEGs or PEG blocks into the PSAs resulted in a marked decrease in the peel strength and loop tack of the PSAs. An increase in the molecular weight of PPGs or the amount of PPGs in the reaction mixtures also decreased the peel strength and loop tack of the resulting PSAs. The new PSAs could be based on renewable materials. The preparation of the PSAs did not require any organic solvent or toxic chemical, thus being environmentally friendly.
Morphine, saline and naltrexone discrimination in morphine-treated pigeons

Pigeons responding under a fixed-ratio 20 schedule of food presentation were treated with 10.0 mg/kg/day of morphine and trained to discriminate among i.m. injections of 17.8 mg/kg of morphine, saline and 0.032 mg/kg of naltrexone. Morphine and naltrexone occasioned responding on the injection-appropriate keys at doses greater than or equal to 32.0 and 0.032 mg/kg, respectively. Termination of morphine injections also produced naltrexone-appropriate responding, suggesting that the withdrawal-precipitating actions of naltrexone account for its discriminative stimulus effects in morphine-treated pigeons. The potency of morphine as a discriminative stimulus was similar in 30-hr morphine-abstinent pigeons and in pigeons that had received morphine 6 hr before testing. The opioid antagonists naloxone, nalmefene and diprenorphine substituted as discriminative stimuli for naltrexone at doses greater than or equal to 0.032 mg/kg. Nalorphine, a mixed agonist-antagonist, also substituted for naltrexone, but only at doses larger than 10.0 mg/kg. The mixed agonist-antagonist pentazocine failed to substitute for either training drug; the opioid agonist levorphanol substituted completely for morphine. Naltrexone was 1000 times more potent as a discriminative stimulus and 17.5 times more potent in suppressing responding in morphine-treated compared with untreated pigeons. In contrast, the acute dose of naltrexone required to prevent the discriminative stimulus effects of morphine was not changed by daily morphine injections. Acute injections of morphine attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of naltrexone. Mutual antagonism between morphine and naltrexone suggests that these drugs exert discriminative stimulus effects by opposing actions at the same receptors.
Constructivist Assessment in Career Counseling.

A constructivist approach to assessment in career counseling presents an opportunity for counselors to gain insight into clients' stories, amplify clients' self-awareness, and develop with clients a future orientation through action steps. The author presents four strategies for constructivist assessment using “The Storied Approach” (Brott, 2001) as the framework for the counseling process. The four constructivist assessment strategies include the life line, card sorts, life roles circles, and the goal map.
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) modulates fear-induced alterations in sleep in mice

Contextual fear significantly reduces rapid eye movement sleep (REM) during post-exposure sleep in mice and rats. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in CNS responses to stressors. We examined the influence of CRF and astressin (AST), a non-specific CRF antagonist, on sleep after contextual fear in BALB/c mice. Male mice were implanted with transmitters for recording sleep via telemetry and with a guide cannula aimed into the lateral ventricle. Recordings for vehicle and handling control were obtained after ICV microinjection of saline (SAL) followed by exposure to a novel chamber. Afterwards, the mice were subjected to shock training (20 trials, 0.5 mA, 0.5 s duration) for 2 sessions. After training, separate groups of mice received ICV microinjections of SAL (0.2 microl, n=9), CRF (0.4 microg, n=8), or AST (1.0 microg, n=8) prior to exposure to the shock context alone. Sleep was then recorded for 20 h (8-hour light and 12-hour dark period). Compared to handling control, contextual fear significantly decreased REM during the 8-h light period in mice receiving SAL and in mice receiving CRF, but not in the mice receiving AST. Mice receiving CRF exhibited reductions in REM during the 12-h dark period after contextual fear, whereas mice receiving SAL or AST did not. CRF also reduced non-REM (NREM) delta (slow wave) amplitude in the EEG. Only mice receiving SAL prior to contextual fear exhibited significant reductions in NREM and total sleep. These findings demonstrate a role for the central CRF system in regulating alterations in sleep induced by contextual fear.
Influence of dietary protein level on protein self-selection and plasma and brain amino acid concentrations.

Abstract Control of protein intake was studied in young rats that were allowed to choose between either protein-free and 55% casein diets or 15% and 55% casein diets. Animals on the protein-free vs. 55% casein regimen exhibited a lower weight gain, a lower cumulative energy intake and a greater cumulative total protein intake during the 13-day study compared to rats selecting between 15% and 55% casein. The daily average proportion of total food selected as casein by animals choosing between protein-free and 55% casein diets increased from 15% to 38% during the course of the study. In contrast, rats choosing between 15% and 55% casein chose 18–22% of total food as protein throughout the entire study. Long-term protein intake or protein selection did not correlate significantly with whole-brain contents of 5-HT or 5-HIAA. Our results suggest that protein intake is not regulated at a constant proportion of total calories, but is controlled between a minimum level that will support rapid growth and a maximum that, if exceeded, would require the animal to undergo substantial metabolic adaptation. The mechanism controlling protein selection may involve diet-induced changes in the brain content of total free indispensable amino acids.
Conformational dependence of the n→π* rotatory strength in dissymmetric carboxylic acid compounds☆

Abstract The conformational dependence of the chiroptical properties associated with electronic transitions in α-hydroxy, α-fluoro, α-chloro, and α-mercapto carboxylic acids is examined with a theoretical model in which rotatory strengths are calculated directly from molecular orbitals calculated using INDO and CNDO semi-empirical molecular orbital models, and excited state wave functions constructed in the virtual orbital-configuration interaction approximation. Binding energies, ground state dipole moments, and vertical ionization potentials (calculated according to Koopman's theorem) are calculated, as well as transition energies, dipole strengths, oscillator strengths, rotatory strengths and dissymmetry factors. Special emphasis is placed on correlating the signs of the rotatory strengths calculated for the lowest energy singlet-singlet transitions with conformational isomerism about the C(α)-COOH band of acyclic α-substituted carboxylic acids. The calculated results for S -lactic acid are in agreement with and strongly support the empirically based spectra-structure relationships previously proposed for S -lactic acid and its derivatives. The calculated results for 2( S )-chloropropionic acid do not agree with previously proposed spectra-structure relationships and this finding is discussed. The results obtained for 2( S )-mercaptopropionic acid are in partial agreement with experiment and spectra-structure relationships in this case involve some uncertainty.
The mixing efficiency of interfacial waves breaking at a ridge: 2. Local mixing processes

[1] The efficiency with which internal wave energy is converted irreversibly to diapycnal mixing in bathymetry-induced mixing events is of great importance to larger-scale ocean modeling efforts. High-resolution laboratory measurements are used to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of interfacial wave breaking events at a submerged bathymetric ridge. From high spatial resolution measurements, it appears the local efficiency can vary significantly. Parameterizations based on the turbulent Reynolds number and Froude number suggest that the local mixing efficiency within the overturning patch at the interface is 10–17% but the local efficiency is near zero within the relatively homogenous layers. When the local mixing efficiency is integrated over the entire event, the resulting overall efficiency is consistent with the result from Part 1 that the overall event efficiency is 3–8%. This spatial variation in the mixing efficiency reinforces the importance of dynamic mixing efficiency parameterizations based on local stratified turbulence parameters.
Ala-Gly- and Val-Asp-[Arg8]-vasopressin: bovine storage forms of arginine vasopressin with natriuretic activity

Extracts of fresh-frozen bovine neurohypophysis were purified by chromatographic techniques to isolate and characterize the components that produce natriuresis in nondiuretic dogs. Two compounds with natiuretic properties similar to those of synthetic arginine vasopressin accounted for most of the natriuretic activity and appeared to be the prevalent vasopressin-like molecules in the extract. These peptides were Ala-Gly-[Arg8]-vasopressin and Val-Asp-[Arg8]-vasopressin; the natriuretic potency of each appeared to be similar to synthetic arginine vasopressin and could be observed with doses in the range of 50 picomoles. In the dog the most conspicuous difference between synthetic arginine vasopressin and the new vasopressin peptides was the smaller pressor responses to natriuretic doses of the new compounds.
Electronic structure, magnetic behavior, and stability of Ni-P

Electronic-structure studies on Ni-P alloys have been carried out in order to elucidate the electronic and magnetic behavior and the stability of amorphous Ni-P glasses. Our studies invoke a mixed approach where a cluster of atoms is treated accurately through ab initio techniques while the remaining solid manifests itself as an effective medium. The calculated electronic density of states show general features in agreement with specific-heat and photoemission experiments. We address the issue of disappearance of magnetism in Ni-P alloys with increasing P concentration. Our studies clearly show that this disappearance of magnetism is not accompanied by a filling of the transition-metal d band. On the contrary, the number of d holes remains nearly constant while the alloy demagnetizes itself through a modification of its electronic structure induced by P p states. Our studies do not support any substantial charge transfers to or from P to Ni. We also discuss the glass-forming ability of amorphous Ni-P glass within 15\char21{}26 at. % P through realistic energy calculations.
Internalization of U.S. female beauty standards as a mediator of the relationship between Mexican American women's acculturation and body dissatisfaction

The relationships among acculturation, internalization of U.S. sociocultural standards of female beauty, and body dissatisfaction were examined in a sample of 211 Mexican American college women. Structural equation modeling was used to identify the paths among these three factors. Results demonstrated that there are two distinct types of body dissatisfaction: global evaluations and composite site-specific evaluations. The relationships between acculturation toward dominant U.S. culture and both types of body dissatisfaction were found to be fully mediated by internalization of U.S. standards of female beauty. There were no relationships between Mexican orientation and any of the study variables. The results from this study imply that it is important for therapists working with Mexican American female clients to assess the client's level of acculturation, examine the cultural (U.S. and Mexican) messages the client receives, and explore how these messages impact her body image.
Progression of symptoms in women alcoholics: comparison of Jellinek's model with two groups.

Summry.-In 1952 Jellinek presented a model for the symptom progression of alcoholism in men. Neither Jellinek nor subsequent investigators made any attempts to extend his progression to women alcoholics. James, in 1975, studied this association, hut the report of her results was descriptive and not statistical. The current scud9 compared Jellinek's model with the progression reported by James and with a progression reported for a sample obtained by the authors. The authors did not obtain a significant correlation between the data of Jellinek and James but did for Jellinek and the authors' sample and between the authors' sample and James's.
Greenhouse emissions reductions

Six developing countries—including Brazil, China, and India—have reduced their greenhouse gas emissions growth over the past three decades by a total of about 288 million tons per year, according to a new report by the non-profit Pew Center on Global Climate Change. These reductions in emissions growth often have been “inadvertent,” spurred by needs unrelated to climate change, according to the report. These other needs include improving industrial efficiencies, diversifying energy resources, and cleaning up a local environment. The report, issued on 24 October, is titled “Climate Change Mitigation in Developing Countries.”
Statistical Issues and Problems in Ground Water Detection Monitoring at Hazardous Waste Facilities

Ground water monitoring presents interesting statistical challenges, including controlling the risk of entering compliance monitoring, incorporating all modes of inherent variability into the statistical model on which tests are based, and taming the detection limit problem, all while maintaining demonstrable sensitivity to real contamination. Some of these challenges exceed textbook statistics considerably, even when considered alone, and good solutions are scarce. When these challenges are combined, the task of developing good statistical procedures or good regulations can be formidable. This article presents a number of realities of ground water monitoring that should be considered when developing statistical procedures. Recommendations made for addressing these realities include the following: (1) the false positive rate should be controlled on a facility-wide basis, rather than per well or per parameter as required in the proposed regulation (40 CFR §264); (2) multiple comparisons with control procedures are preferable to analysis of variance (ANOVA) for controlling the overall false positive rate; (3) retests can be made an explicit part of the statistical procedure in order to increase power and decrease sensitivity to distribution shape assumptions; (4) commonly used simple methods of handling below detection limit data with parametric tests, including Cohen's procedure as implemented in the U.S. EPA's Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (TEGD), should probably be avoided; (5) the statistical properties of practical quantitation limits for non-naturally occurring compounds should be studied carefully; and (6) so long as the facility-wide false positive rate is controlled, better sensitivity to real contamination is obtained by monitoring fewer well-chosen parameters at a smaller number of well-chosen locations. An evaluation of the proposed revised §264 regulation with respect to these realities reveals that it seems to be a definite improvement over the current regulation, but that it may be quite difficult to develop an adequate statistical plan within its constraints.
Visual predators select for crypticity and polymorphism in virtual prey

Cryptically coloured animals commonly occur in several distinct pattern variants. Such phenotypic diversity may be promoted by frequency-dependent predation, in which more abundant variants are attacked disproportionately often, but the hypothesis has never been explicitly tested. Here we report the first controlled experiment on the effects of visual predators on prey crypticity and phenotypic variance, in which blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) searched for digital moths on computer monitors. Moth phenotypes evolved via a genetic algorithm in which individuals detected by the jays were much less likely to reproduce. Jays often failed to detect atypical cryptic moths, confirming frequency-dependent selection and suggesting the use of searching images, which enhance the detection of common prey. Over successive generations, the moths evolved to become significantly harder to detect, and they showed significantly greater phenotypic variance than non-selected or frequency-independent selected controls.
5-ethynyluracil (776C85): Inactivation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in vivo

5-Ethynyluracil (776C85), a potent, mechanism-based, irreversible inactivator (Porter et al., J Biol Chem 267:5236-5242, 1992) of purified dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, uracil reductase, EC 1.3.1.2), readily inactivated DPD in vivo. DPD was assayed in tissue extracts by measuring the release of 14CO2 from [2-14C]uracil with an improved method. Specific activities from 0.1 to > 1000 U/mg protein were reproducibly measured. After rats were orally dosed with 20 micrograms/kg 5-ethynyluracil, liver, intestinal mucosa, lung, and spleen DPD were inactivated by 83-94%. The dose required to inactivate rat liver, rat brain, and mouse liver DPD by 50% was 1.8, 11, and 8.9 micrograms/kg, respectively. Rat liver DPD was inactivated completely within 25 min after an oral dose of 500 micrograms/kg 5-ethynyluracil. New DPD was synthesized with a half-time of 63 hr. We also developed an assay based on stoichiometric inactivation of DPD by 5-ethynyluracil to measure 5-ethynyluracil in plasma samples. Samples containing 5-ethynyluracil were incubated with rat liver extract for 24 hr at 12 degrees and then assayed for DPD. DPD activity decreased linearly with the concentration of 5-ethynyluracil (between 0 and 20 nM 5-ethynyluracil). The assay could detect 5-ethynyluracil at concentrations as low as 6 nM in human plasma and was not affected by high concentrations of uracil.
Offshoring and Reshoring: An Update on the Manufacturing Location Decision

This research uses data from a survey to explore the factors that affect organizations' manufacturing location decisions. Manufacturing location, more specifically the possibility of firms' nearshoring or reshoring, has received a great deal of recent attention, especially in the United States. This paper applies the location aspect of internalization theory to provide an understanding of what factors affect organizations' perceptions of the attractiveness of various regions as locations for owned manufacturing facilities. An exploratory factor analysis is used to develop factors that drive manufacturing location decisions. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the relationship between the drivers of manufacturing location decisions and movement of manufacturing into or out of a region, and overall perceived risk of a region. Findings indicate that various drivers have differential effects across regions. For example, while North America is viewed favorably for its trade policies over the next 3 years, the trade policies are also viewed as an increasing source of risk, possibly reflecting bipartisan conflicts. Three theoretical propositions are developed to advance the understanding of the current state of manufacturing location decisions from an internalization perspective. It appears that organizations are beginning to look at their manufacturing location decisions through a broader lens, giving more weight to supply chain issues as well as strategic factors.
A.C. Polarographic base-current depressions not due to adsorption

Summary The phenomenon of base-current depression due to the vector addition of series resistance, double-layer capacity and faradaic admittance is examined quantitatively. The maximum possible decrease in base-current is found to be 13.4%. The effect was verified experimentally by measurements on a “dummy” cell network. Some complex-shaped a.c. polarograms have been computed, the effects of frequency and concentration of the electroactive species being examined.
Hydrodynamic shielding of spherical subunits in macromolecular complexes

The Garcia de la Torre-Bloomfield hydrodynamic interaction tensor was used to calculate the shielding coefficient matrices for each spherical friction bead in the rigid arrays of a rod and helix. Negative values for the average shielding coefficient result for small beads adjacent to large beads, suggesting premature truncation in the series expansions employed in the hydrodynamic interaction tensor. Numerical analysis also suggests that the magnitude of geometric asymmetry is not a good measure of the extent of friction asymmetry of the molecule due to extensive hydrodynamic shielding by other subunit beads.
Natural Enemies in Straw-Mulch Reduce Colorado Potato Beetle Populations and Damage in Potato

Abstract The effects of mulching on Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) populations and damage to potato are reported. Potato plots were established in 1991 and wheat straw was placed in half the treatments after potato emergence. Quadrat samples were taken of soil predators and plants were visually searched for all Colorado potato beetle stages and foliar predators. In both 1991 and 1992, mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted on adult populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Mulching had no significant effect on beetle migration. The number of second, third, and fourth instars of first-generation Colorado potato beetle and all instars of second-generation Colorado potato beetle was significantly lower in mulch than in nonmulch plots. A significant increase in number of soil predators began in mulch plots approximately 2-3 weeks after straw was placed in the field. Many of the soil predators climbed potato plants and fed on second and third instars of the Colorado potato beetle. Eggs and first and second instars of the Colorado potato beetle were heavily fed on by coccinelids and chrysopids. Significantly more Colorado potato beetle eggs and larvae experienced mortality in mulch plots than nonmulch plots. Nonmulch plots suffered 2.5 times more defoliation than mulch plots. Tuber yields were 35 and 32% greater in mulch plots than in non-mulch plots in 1992 and 1992, respectively. Higher populations of natural enemies in mulch plots than in nonmulch plots probably accounted for the increase in yield by reducing Colorado potato beetle foliage feeding.
The Relationship between Rape Myths and Sexual Scripts: The Social Construction of Rape

Rape myths can influence sexual scripts that determine sexual attitudes and behavior. Sexual scripts are culturally determined patterns of behavior that inform desire and influence sexual behavior. Sexual scripts include hook up, seduction, rape, and acquaintance rape scripts (e.g., the too-much-to drink script, the man-is-ready-for-sex script, and the friends-gone-too-far script). However, research shows that many individuals still hold an erroneous real rape script, even when asked to describe acquaintance rape. This may prevent acquaintance rape victims from acknowledging their rape and it may allow acquaintance rapists to engage in sexual aggression while denying it is rape. Rape scripts research supports several of the rape myths reviewed by Edwards and her colleagues (Edwards, Turchik, Dardis, Reynolds, & Gidycz, 2011), but suggests two additional rape myths (i.e., the myth that men cannot stop once they have started to become sexually aroused and the myth that rapists are obviously different from other men). The study of the relationship between rape myths and sexual scripts may help to understand the social construction of rape and consensual sex. Rape myths and sexual scripts may work in conjunction to support rape.
Marking Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) with Rubidium or 15N

Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has caused significant economic damage to berry and stone fruit production regions. Markers that are systemic in plants and easily transferred to target organisms are needed to track D. suzukii exploitation of host resources and trophic interactions. High and low concentrations of the trace element, rubidium (Rb), and the stable isotope, 15N, were tested to mark D. suzukii larvae feeding on fruits of enriched strawberry plants grown in containers under greenhouse conditions. Fly marker content and proportion of flies marked 1, 7, and 14 d after emergence from enriched fruits and fly dry mass were analyzed. Nearly 100% of the flies analyzed 14 d after emerging from 15N-enriched plants were marked, whereas only 30–75% and 0–3% were marked 14 d after emerging from high and low Rb concentration plants, respectively. Rapid Rb decay, strong 15N persistence, and the economics of using these markers in the field to elucidate D. suzukii pest ecology are discussed.
The Kinetic Energy on a Continental Shelf from Topographic Rossby Waves Generated off the Shelf

Abstract Over a deep barotropic ocean an isolated pressure cell, producing a wind stress curl, generates topographic Rossby waves which are incident on a continental shelf with a simple exponentially varying slope. It is shown that this energy appears as a distinct peak at low frequency on the energy spectrum on the shelf. A peak at 0.05 cycles per day (cpd) in the spectrum from data of Smith (1974) for the Oregon shelf is consistent with this effect. For the case where topography dominates the beta effect off the shelf, general equations are found to estimate the frequency and dominant wavelength of the energy peak. An interesting result of this analysis is that, for all parameters being equal, this frequency should be lower on an eastern shelf than a western shelf in the Northern Hemisphere due to the beta effect. The variation of the magnitude and frequency of this peak with the location on the shelf, the distance of the center of forcing from the shelf, and the scale of the pressure cell is then inves...
Pegword Mnemonic Instruction: Retrieval Times and Long-Term Memory Performance among Fifth-Grade Children

Two experiments examining allocation of self-paced study and retrieval times during serial list learning for common nouns were conducted with fifth graders. In both experiments, children receiving pegword mnemonic instruction (the One is a Bun technique) showed large post-test increases in self-paced study and similarly large increases in immediate retention compared to a pretest. Children failed to show improvements in long-term retention, but showed large increases in search times for incorrectly recalled target items during an unexpected test for delayed memory in Experiment 1, and for an expected test in Experiment 2. Results from these experiments are in line with previous laboratory reports demonstrating increased study and retrieval times for processing of information under imagery-based mnemonic instruction. Results also indicate that pegword mnemonic instruction provides an educationally efficient method for the allocation of study time during acquisition and immediate memory, but appears to require an increased allocation of time for a search of long-term memory. Ecological implications for school-based research are discussed.