cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of end-stage liver failure on the incidence and resolution of the adult respiratory distress syndrome

Multiple systems organ failure adversely affects outcome in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, no clinical studies of the influence of preexisting single extrapulmonary organ dysfunction on the incidence and resolution of ARDS have been reported. Hepatic reticuloendothelial system (RES) and hepatic parenchymal cell uptake and detoxification of proinflammatory substances are major elements of systemic host defense and may, accordingly, be important pulmonary defense mechanisms. To better define the effects of liver-lung interactions on the resolution of acute lung injury with preexisting extreme hepatic dysfunction, we retrospectively analyzed the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of ARDS in 29 patients with end-stage liver failure (ESLF) who required intensive care while awaiting a liver transplantation. We compared data from these patients with those from a concurrent group of 44 intensive care patients without ESLF, and contrasted our findings with recent clinical studies of ARDS predisposition and outcome. ARDS occurred in 23 of 29 patients (79%) with ESLF; sepsis was the most common predisposing risk factor (18 of 29 patients, 62%). ARDS developed in 3 of 44 patients (6.8%) without ESLF (odds ratio comparison with ESLF patients, 42.9, P < .001). Once initiated, regardless of etiology and subsequent ventilatory support, ARDS was uniformly irreversible in all 23 ESLF patients. These findings identify a growing population of critically ill patients at increased risk for nonresolving severe acute lung injury despite current methods of intensive care. We conclude that compromise of systemic and pulmonary defense by impaired hepatic RES performance and hepatocyte function may both predispose to ARDS and critically modulate its resolution.
Bronchial spasm during general anaesthesia

Two cases of severe bronchial spasm in patients under general anaesthesia are presented. In the first case the bronchial spasm, according to our clinical impression, was due to histamine release following a rapid intravenous injection of 15 mg of d-tubocurarine; 100 mg of lignocaine, administered intravenously, abolished the spasm. In the second case the spasm was induced reflexly by the intubation of the trachea in a patient under thiopentone anaesthesia; 40 mg of procaine, intravenously, ended the attack. The possible mechanisms by which local anaesthetic drugs may induce relaxation of the bronchial muscle are discussed.
Intragastric prosthesis for management of obesity

During the fall and winter months of 1979–1980, nine dogs were variously studied using an intragastric prosthesis to investigate chronic gastric distention which might lead to reduced food intake and consequent weight loss. The rationale was that large gastric bezoars at times produced weight loss in humans. The prosthesis was a 250-ml polyethylene bottle introduced at laparotomy, with the intent of subsequent peroral-esophageal introduction if the initial studies produced weight loss. There was no significant difference between the animals harboring the intragastric prosthesis and the controls. Virtually no ill effects on the stomach itself were attributable to the long-term residence of the prosthesis.
The effect of prismatic spectacle and contact lens corrections on ocular rotation.

— The effect of prismatic spectacle corrections on ocular rotation for different object distances is determined and evaluated. The same principles are applied for a correction fitted on the eye, that is, a contact lens correction. The latter must be considered as a thick lens system. The effects of different types of prismatic contact lenses on ocular rotation are considered. Assuming the contact lens to remain stationary and the eye behind the lens to rotate, it is shown that the theoretical effect on ocular rotation of prismatic contact lenses is practically equal to their prismatic effect in air. The effect for high-powered contact lenses is discussed.
Assessing the prevalence of dental caries among elementary school children in North Korea: a cross‐sectional survey in the Kangwon province

: Objectives: The lack of epidemiological studies has made it difficult to assess the extent of public health problems in North Korea. In the absence of empirical data, less intrusive study designs acceptable to the North Korean government could be developed to gauge the public's health. To this end we developed a basic oral health survey in order to assess the prevalence of untreated dental caries among children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 854 elementary school students was conducted in the city of Wonsan, North Korea. Students were screened and classified into one of three states of oral health: no caries, minor caries or severe dental caries. Verbal surveys were concurrently administered on children to collect basic information on oral health behaviours and demographic characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed to determine if any variables were significant predictors of oral health status category. Results: Among the 854 students screened, we found 255 students with no caries (29.9%), 316 students with minor caries (37.0%), and 283 students with severe caries (33.1%). The majority of students (70.1%) screened had dental caries. Almost all of the students (98.5%) claimed to brush their teeth daily and 71.2% of students visited a dentist in the past year. There were no significant predictors of oral health status. Conclusions: The oral health of children in Wonsan, North Korea is comparable if not slightly better than the oral health status of children of similar age in countries with similar Social-Economic Status (SES). Basic oral health screens are useful to produce a snapshot of general oral health status among children in North Korea and may provide insight as to the general health of these children.
The role of maternal and zygotic Gprk2 expression in Drosophila development.

G protein-coupled receptor activity is controlled by a number of factors including phosphorylation by the family of G protein-coupled receptor kinases. This phosphorylation is an important first step in desensitization of the receptor. The role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases in cellular physiology has been extensively studied, but less is known about their role in development. A Drosophila G protein-coupled receptor kinase mutant (gprk26936) has developmental defects throughout the life cycle of the fly. This allows the opportunity to address G protein-coupled receptor kinase’s function in vivo. Using a series of transgenic flies in which the wild type Gprk2 gene is expressed under the control of the hsp70 or germline-specific promoter, in combination with germline mosaic analysis, we have made a detailed analysis of the developmental stages in which Gprk2 expression is required and the tissues that must express Gprk2 for rescue of the gprk26936 mutant. These studies have shown that Gprk2 expression is required in the germline for proper formation of the anterior egg structures and for early embryogenesis. In the absence of maternal Gprk2 activity, zygotic expression affords partial rescue of egg hatching, suggesting that Gprk2 also plays an important role in late embryogenesis.
A Comparison of Vector Magnetograms from the Marshall Space Flight Center and Mees Solar Observatory

The paper compares completely independent vector magnetic field measurements from two very different polarimetric instruments. The Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) imaging vector magnetograph is based on a birefringent filter, routinely measuring all four Stokes parameters integrated over the filter bandpass (1/8 A) which is tunable across the Fe I 5250 line in 10 mA steps. The Haleakala Stokes Polarimeter of the Mees Solar Observatory (MSO) is based on a spectrometer, routinely measuring all four Stokes parameters of the Fe I 6302.5 line simultaneously and then spatially scanning to build up a vector magnetogram. Active region magnetic field data were obtained with both the MSFC and MSO systems on five days during June 1985. After interpolating the MSFC vector fields onto the more coarse spatial grid of MSO, a point-by-point comparison of the two vector fields is made for data obtained on two of these days (June 8 and 9). From this comparison it is concluded that the spatially-averaged line-of-sight components agree quite well, and that although the MSO spatial grid is coarser, the quality of the MSO image is better than that of the MSFC data because of better seeing conditions.
The welfare effects of cooperative R&D in oligopoly with spillovers

This paper provides a more complete characterization of the welfare effects of cooperative cost-reducing R&D investments in Cournot oligopoly with spillovers. I show that R&D cooperation reduces both R&D spending and social surplus when the spillover rate in R&D is neither sufficiently high nor sufficiently low. As the elasticity of the slope of the inverse demand function increases, however, the set of spillover rates over which cooperative R&D reduces social welfare shrinks, and in the limit, cooperative R&D is socially beneficial for all spillover rates.
Territoriality, Body Size, and Spacing in Males of the Beewolf Philanthus Basilaris (Hymenoptera; Sphecidae)

1. Males of the digger wasp Philanthus basilaris defend and scent-mark small mating territories. There is a high rate of turnover of males on territories on both a daily and seasonal basis due, in part, to predation on territorial males and the large number of usurpations of territories. 2. The outcome of aggressive interactions on territories is determined by size differences among males, rather than by their status as resident or intruder. As a result, territory holders are larger on average than non-territorial males. The latter, however, remain in the area and attempt to usurp territories or replace residents that have abandoned their perches. Evidence suggests that larger territorial males are also less subject to predation by robberflies and conspecific females. 3. The type of mating system of this species resembles those defined as leks. Males established territories in groups of up to about 50. Nests of females were not found within aggregations of territories. There is a high potential for polygyny due to the lack of maternal care of offspring, dominance interactions which consistently favor larger males and result in intense sexual selection, and asynchronous emergence of females combined with potentially longlived males. Although large males are dominant, no body size related spatial structure to the aggregations could be identified. Aggregations of territories often occur in the same location from year to year, even though males live for only one season.
The Effects of Selected Classical Music on Self-Disclosure

A cognitive theory of emotion and aesthetics in music suggests that listening to music is cognitively and in turn emotionally arousing. In addition a theory of inhibition and psychosomatic disease suggests that disclosing personal and traumatic information is psychologically and physically beneficial. This study examined the effect of music within a disclosure setting on the use of cognitive and emotional language in 85 undergraduates. Participants in both the background music and no music conditions wrote or spoke into a tape recorder, about the most significant event or experience of their lives. In addition to language, self-reported moods, subject impressions about the disclosure experience, and the environment were examined. Results indicate that background music had an effect on the disclosure topics chosen, promoted cognitive suggestion and expression, and increased the enjoyment of listening to classical music.
Effect of tensile stress on the annealed structure of a metallic glass

The low-temperature (120°–245°C) structural relaxation of Metglas¯ 2826B (Ni49Fe29P14B6Si2) amorphous alloy was investigated for samples subjected to a tensile stress in the range of 20–400 MPa during annealing. The stress-annealed samples demonstrated a much smaller increase of microhardness than was observed in similarly annealed ribbons without a stress. Further heat treatment of the stress-annealed specimens, this time without the stress, was capable of increasing the microhardnesses of only some ribbons to values equal to those of samples similarly heat treated initially without a stress. An additional exothermic peak in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of the stress-annealed specimens indicated the presence of a more disordered structure at room temperature, which was found to correlate with the lower microhardness values. Otherwise, those artifacts of the DSC thermograms that were characteristic of samples annealed without a stress were still present in the stress-annealed ribbons. No effect on the crystallization temperature was noted but the glass transition temperature was increased in the stress-annealed case with respect to values attained when the stress was absent during heat treatment. A reduction in the degree of embrittlement of those samples annealed with a tensile stress was a further indication of more disorder in the stress-annealed ribbons.
The fine structure of cerebral capillaries in “overgrown” neural tissue

Cerebral capillaries in “overgrown” neural tissue of chick embryo brains ranging in age from 5–18 days of incubation were studied by means of electron microscopy. The vessels in the abnormal tissue showed more extensive and prolonged interdigitations and overlapping of adjacent endothelial cells than did those in normal control brains. In the abnormal neural tissue the appearance and distribution of endothelial cell organelles was similar to that in normal tissue; however, the Golgi complex was less highly developed, and there was an increased amount of coated vesicles in the capillaries of the abnormal brains.
Inseparable relationships between stem cells and the niche: a case study in Drosophila

Stem cells in adult tissues have the capacity to self-renew and generate differentiated progeny that replenish lost or damaged cells. The Drosophila ovary is an effective system for studying relationships between the niche and stem cells because the stem cells and their associated niches are well defined and versatile genetic tools for dissecting gene functions are readily available. My lab focuses on two types of stem cells in the Drosophila ovary: germline stem cells (GSCs) for generating oocytes and follicle stem cells (FSCs) for producing somatic follicular epithelial cells. Using a combination of genetic and cell biological approaches, we have studied multiple signaling transduction pathways for their roles in controlling stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, such as BMP, Notch and Wnt. In addition, we have revealed essential roles of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in anchoring GSCs and FSCs to their niches, and have defined essential functions of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors and the microRNA pathway in controlling GSC and FSC self-renewal. Recently, we have shown that Notch signaling is required for GSC niche formation and maintenance. In this meeting, I will report our recent progress in understanding of adult stem cell regulation in the Drosophila ovary.
Insects and other arthropods used as drugs in Korean traditional medicine.

Abstract Insects and other arthropods appear in pharmacopoeias of Korean traditional medicine, but little was known about their use in modern South Korea. Interviews were conducted with 20 traditional medicine doctors at clinics in South Korea's Kyeong Dong Shijang in Seoul—one of the world's largest traditional drug markets—to learn about current patterns of usage. Seventeen products are prescribed and the use of arthropod drugs is stable or increasing. Centipedes (Scolopendra spp.) used primarily to treat arthritis and the silk moth fungus (Beauveria bassiana, which infects silk moth larvae) used mostly to treat stroke, are the most frequently prescribed and medically important arthropod drugs. Most of the arthropod drugs were traditionally collected or reared on the Korean Peninsula, but now they are imported, mainly from China. Folk logic appears to be the basis for some arthropod drug uses (i.e. centipedes, which have many legs, are used for leg problems). But many of the arthropods have venom and other defensive chemicals which are biologically active. The South Korean use of arthropods as drugs (as well as for food and enjoyment) is due, in part, to more positive attitudes towards these animals compared to many cultures. Arthropods appear to be an unexplored and unexploited source of drugs for modern medicine.
Quadratic action and the natural module for SL2(k)

The natural 2-dimensional module for SL2(k) is characterized by unipotent elements acting with quadratic minimal polynomial, even over the integers Z as coefficient ring.
Coherent optical focal plane array receiver for PPM signals: investigation and applications

The performance of a coherent optical focal plane array receiver for PPM signals under atmospheric turbulence is investigated and applications of this system are addressed. The experimental demonstration of this project has already been explained in previous publications [1]. This article shows a more exhaustive analysis of the expressions needed to obtain the Bit Error Rate (BER) for the real system under study in the laboratory. Selected experimental results of this system are described and compared with theoretical BER expressions, and array combining gains are presented. Receiver sensitivity in terms of photons per bit (PPB) is examined; BER results are shown as a function of signal to noise ratios, (SNR), as well as a function of photons per symbol, and photons per bit.
Describing Changes in Personal Networks over Time

Social ties are continuously being created and lost as well as changing their nature over time. We emphasize that network descriptions are specific to their particular definitions of ties. Then, we...
Characteristics of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in North Carolina

Trends in the Atlantic tropical cyclones and the cyclones that had tracks through North Carolina were analyzed for more than 100 years. From about 1970, there appears to be an increase in the mean number of storms developing. The number of storms affecting North Carolina each decade has been increasing since the 1960s. In the 1980s, 1990s, and into the 2000s, there was an increase in the number of landfalling storms in North Carolina. Although August and September are the most active months of the Atlantic hurricane season, the hurricane season for North Carolina peaks in September. Wind distribution and frictional convergence associated with landfalling hurricanes in North Carolina are discussed. Convection and precipitation patterns of landfalling hurricanes are presented. Two examples of the effect of spatial surface moisture distribution on intensification of tropical cyclones over land after landfall are discussed.
Protection against mycoplasma infection using expression-library immunization

As is evident from the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, there is no systematic method for producing a vaccine. Genetic immunization is a new approach to vaccine production that has many of the advantages of live/attenuated pathogens but no risk of infection. It involves introducing DNA encoding a pathogen protein into host cells and has shown promise in several disease models. Here we describe a new method for vaccine development, expression-library immunization, which makes use of the technique of genetic immunization and the fact that all the antigens of a pathogen are encoded in its DNA. An expression library of pathogen DNA is used to immunize a host thereby producing the effects of antigen presentation of a live vaccine without the risk. We show that even partial expression libraries made from the DNA of Mycoplasma pulmonis, a natural pathogen in rodents, provide protection against challenge from the pathogen. Expression library immunization may prove to be a general method for vaccination against any pathogen.
Steady Flow of a Navier-Stokes Fluid around a Rotating Obstacle

Let ℬ be a body immersed in a Navier-Stokes liquid ™ that fills the whole space. Assume that ℬ rotates with prescribed constant angular velocity ω. We show that if the magnitude of ω is not “too large”, there exists one and only one corresponding steady motion of ™ such that the velocity field v(x) and its gradient grad v(x) decay like |x|−1 and |x|−2, respectively. Moreover, the pressure field p(x) and its gradient grad p(x) decay like |x|−2 and |x|−3, respectively. These solutions are “physically reasonable” in the sense of Finn. In particular, they are unique and satisfy the energy equation. This result is relevant to several applications, including sedimentation of heavy particles in a viscous liquid.
Host-guest assembly of squaraine dye in cucurbit[8]uril: its implication in fluorescent probe for mercury ions.

The binding interactions between SQ2 squaraine dye and cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) effectively removes the aggregation of SQ2 in aqueous solution by forming a 1 : 1 inclusion complex. The resulting SQ2·CB8 complex exhibits highly selective fluorescence quenching by Hg2+ ions, as a result of the synergetic binding between CB8, SQ2 and metal cation.
The fragmentation of dust in the innermost comae of comets: Possible evidence from ground-based images

Dust particles when released from the nucleus of a comet are entrained in the expanding gas flow created by the vaporization of ices (mainly water ice). Traditional approaches to dusty-gas dynamics in the inner comae of comets consider there to be an initial distribution of dust particle sizes which do not fragment or evaporate. The standard Finson-Probstein model (and subsequent variations) yields a one-to-one-to-one correspondence between the size of a dust particle, its terminal velocity owing to gas drag, and its radiation pressure acceleration which creates the notable cometary dust tail. The comparison of a newly developed dust coma model shows that the typical elongated shapes of isophotes in the dust comae of comets on the scale of greater than 10(exp 4) km from the nucleus requires that the one-to-one-to-one relationship between particle size, terminal velocity and radiation pressure acceleration cannot in general be correct. There must be a broad range of particles including those having a small velocity but large radiation pressure acceleration in order to explain the elongated shape. A straightforward way to create such a distribution is if particle fragmentation, or some combination of fragmentation with vaporization, routinely occurs within and/or just outside of the dusty-gas dynamic acceleration region (i.e., up to several hundred km). In this way initially large particles, which are accelerated to fairly slow velocities by gas-drag, fragment to form small particles which still move slowly but are subject to a relatively large radiation pressure acceleration. Fragmentation has already been suggested as one possible interpretation for the flattened gradient in the spatial profiles of dust extracted from Giotto images of Comet Halley. Grain vaporization has been suggested as a possible spatially extended source of coma gases. The general elongated isophote shapes seen in ground-based images for many years represents another possible signature of fragmentation.
Diverse Reactions to Hooking Up Among U.S. University Students

Hooking up is defined as a physical encounter between two people who are not romantically committed. This study explored whether there were subgroups of young adults with unique reactions to hooking up (N = 879). Psychosocial predictor variables (gender, depression, loneliness, intoxication level, college adjustment, and hope for a committed relationship) were investigated along with emotional reactions as the outcome variables. Through the use of cluster analysis, four distinct clusters were identified: Happy Hopeful, Content Realist, Used and Confused, and Disappointed and Disengaged. The majority (62 %) of the sample reported mostly positive reactions to hooking up and fell within the Happy Hopeful or Content Realist clusters. Protective factors in these two clusters included hope for a committed relationship, having realistic expectations, and healthy psychological adjustment. The Used and Confused and Disappointed and Disengaged clusters reported the most negative hooking up reactions and consisted of 38 % of the overall sample. These two groups reported increased depression and loneliness symptoms and lower levels of social adjustment as compared to those clusters with more positive reactions.
Consumer Complaining and Community Involvement: An Exploration of Their Theoretical and Empirical Linkages

Drawing upon Smith's [16] participation theory, it is proposed that consumers who complain are also very likely to be active in other areas of social, economic and political life. The relationship between consumer complaining behavior and political and citizen participation is investigated in this paper. Using data from a 1980 survey of Pennsylvania adults, it was found that complaining behavior was significantly related to community involvement in a multivariate analysis in which other key variables were controlled. Implications are explored for both consumer education and the study of consumer complaining behavior.
Common-property resources: privatization, centralization, and hybrid arrangements

This paper highlights Elinor Ostrom’s innovative and important work on common-property resources (CPRs), which helped earn her the Nobel Prize in Economics. In particular, she showed that neither privatization nor centralization necessarily would fix resource misallocation in CPRs. Ostrom recognized that common owners often developed effective governance that limited access to the CPR and promoted efficient transfers among generations. Through myriad approaches, she identified factors that foster efficient governance in hybrid institutions that are neither market nor state controlled. I use some simple games to illustrate her insights.
Molecular–functional imaging of cancer: to image and imagine

The integration of advances in molecular biology, synthetic chemistry and visualization techniques has catapulted imaging into a molecular–functional realm, so that imaging is finding basic-research, preclinical and translational applications in cancer. Currently, molecular-imaging capabilities include the ability to image gene expression, receptors, signaling pathways, apoptosis, multidrug resistance and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Functional-imaging capabilities include the ability to assess angiogenesis, hypoxia and metabolism. Traditionally, imaging has played an important role in cancer diagnosing and determining response to treatment. However, it is the realization of the goal of noninvasively visualizing molecules and molecular pathways and relating these to function that makes multi-modality imaging such an exciting and powerful means for studying a multifaceted disease such as cancer.
The Soviet Government Organizes for Reconstruction

Demobilization, reconversion, and reconstruction became the major domestic factors of concern to the U. S. S. R. with the end of the war. With at least 7,000,000 killed, 25,000,000 homeless, industry destroyed and agriculture paralyzed in large areas, the Soviet Union had wounds to heal.' Stalin set the keynote for the immediate future in his speech at an election rally in February 1946.2 He explained that the Five-Year Plan to be presented to the Supreme Soviet would provide the blueprint for the future. Rehabilitation of ravaged areas of the country, restoration of the pre-war level in industry and agriculture and ultimate surpassing of this level in more or less substantial measure were to be called for. The rationing system was to be abolished shortly. Consumer goods production was to be given special attention. The living standard was to be raised by steadily lowering prices of all goods. Scientific research institutions were to be extended. Long range plans were set for an increase in industrial production of three times over the pre-war level. Such a program called for release of manpower from the armed forces, continuation of a high level of discipline in production, smooth functioning of the collective farms, stabilized social conditions and effective leadership. Measures taken in the months following the end of the war have already imple-
Depression Without Sadness: Functional Outcomes of Nondysphoric Depression in Later Life

Objectives We hypothesized that depressive symptoms not meeting full standard criteria for Major Depression would be associated with significant functional impairment among older adults over the course of a 13-year follow-up interval. Specifically, we developed criteria for a form of depression whose core symptoms did not include sadness or dysphoria. Design Population-based 13-year follow-up survey. Setting Community-dwelling adults living in East Baltimore in 1981. Participants Subjects were the 1612 participants of the Baltimore sample of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program aged 50 years and older at the initial interview in 1981. Measurements The subjects were sorted into four categories based on their responses at baseline: (1) persons meeting standard criteria for Major Depression; (2) persons meeting alternative criteria for depression with dysphoria or (3) without dysphoria; and (4) a comparison category of persons not meeting any criteria for depression ("noncases"). The mortality and functional status of each group were compared after a 13-year follow-up interval. Results Compared with non-cases, participants aged 50 years and older who reported depressive symptoms but who denied sadness or dysphoria (nondysphoric depression) were at increased risk for death (relative risk (RR) = 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.09, 2.67)), impairment in activities of daily living (RR = 3.76; 95% CI (1.73, 8.14)), impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (RR = 5.07; 95% CI (2.24, 11.44)), psychologic distress (RR = 3.68; 95% CI (1.47, 9.21)), and cognitive impairment (RR = 3.00; 95% CI (1.31, 6.89)) after a 13-year follow-up interval. The findings were not wholly explained by potentially influential baseline characteristics such as age, education, selected comorbid medical conditions, and functional status. Conclusion Among adults aged 50 years and older, nondysphoric depression may be as important as Major Depression in relation to the development of functional disability and other long-term outcomes.
Thermotolerance in chicken red blood cells studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy

Chicken red bloods cells (RBCs) were used as a model for cell survival following hyperthermia of differentiated cells, with rat RBCs serving as controls. The purpose was to investigate whether cells heated at 51·5°C with or without prior heat shock exhibited discernible differences in phosphorus metabolites, intracellular pH or Mg2+ using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The biochemical differences that distinguished the heat-shocked from the non-heat-shocked chicken cells were: (1) a decrease in intensity of the low and wide (300 Hz) resonance that underlies the high resolution signals and which arises from the partially mobile membrane phospholipids, suggesting that membrane fluidity was decreased during the induction of thermotolerance; and (2) a time-dependent leftward shift of the peak representing the 4,6P of inositol pentaphosphate together with a broadening of all of the 31P peaks during heat-shock and heat challenge, which persisted after return to the control temperature. This is con...
Changing mortality patterns that led life expectancy in Japan to surpass Sweden's: 1972-1982.

Between 1972 and 1982, Japan caught up to and then surpassed Sweden as the country with the longest life expectancy. The contributions of different causes of death and age groups to life expectancy changes in males during this time period are examined in detail for these two countries. Even though cerebrovascular disease mortality rates remained lower in Sweden over the entire interval, the rapid gain made by Japan relative to Sweden for this cause of death was a prime factor in Japan’s ending the period with a higher life expectancy. Important contributions to life expectancy improvement in Japan came from declining mortality rates in those aged 55 and older.
From Fairy Tale to "Dramatic Fairy Tale": Fedor Sologub's Nocnye pljaski, Intertextuality, and the Crisis of Russian Symbolism

(2004). From Fairy Tale to 'Dramatic Fairy Tale': Fedor Sologub's Nocnye pljaski, Intertextuality, and the Crisis of Russian Symbolism. Scando-Slavica: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 111-129.
Is There a Dead Spot? New Evidence on FOMC Decisions Before Elections

Using new data that chronicle the Fed's internal forecast of the output gap from 1973 to 1998, this paper tests for an electoral cycle in the decisions of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The paper provides evidence of a dead spot in the committee's decisions before presidential elections. For given values of these internal forecasts, the FOMC is less likely to decide to tighten monetary policy in the year preceding a presidential election than at other times.
Isomorphic phenomenon in erythema multiforme.

Summary The cutaneous lesions of erythema multiforme have a propensity to localize at previously inflamed or traumatized skin sites. Evidence of the isomorphic phenomenon may be demonstrated in most cases of erythema multiforme by a careful history and physical examination. We present three cases of erythema multiforme which illustrate localization of skin lesions around scratches, recent surgical scars, lacerations, traumatized nail folds and folliculitis. The isomorphic phenomenon may serve as an important clue in understanding the clinical features and possibly, the pathogenesis of erythema multiforme.
The heat sensitivity of cytokine-inducing effect of lipopolysaccharide

Heat inactivation by boiling has been widely used as a criterion to determine whether the observed effects of a protein preparation are a result of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination. However, the heat sensitivity of LPS cytokine-inducing activity has not been characterized. In the current study, we demonstrated that the endotoxin activity, i.e., Limulus amebocyte lysate-gelating activity, and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducing activity of LPS (Escherichia coli K-12 JM83, K-12 LCD25, and F583) were sensitive to boiling. Heat treatment by boiling for 15 min was sufficient to inactivate approximately 90% of the LPS TNF-alpha-inducing activity. The heat-induced inactivation of LPS activities was not a result of adherence of boiled LPS to the wall of the container, i.e., polypropylene tubes, or aggregation of boiled LPS. In addition, boiled LPS retained its ability to bind polymyxin B. The presence of protein (ovalbumin) in LPS did not affect the heat sensitivity of LPS. Conversely, boiling reduced the size of LPS aggregates as determined by electrophoresis using native polyacrylamide gel. Likewise, the TNF-alpha-inducing activity of diphosphoryl lipid A (DPLA) was also sensitive to boiling. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of boiled DPLA revealed that the heat-induced inactivation of DPLA TNF-alpha-inducing activity was not a result of its conversion to monophosphoryl lipid A. We conclude that the TNF-alpha-inducing activity of LPS and DPLA is sensitive to boiling and suggest that heat sensitivity as an indicator of whether the observed effects of a protein preparation are a result of LPS contamination should be used with caution.
Factors influencing the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine with derivatives of hydroxybenzene—III. A study of phenol content in surface waters

Abstract Surface waters are receiving and transporting ever increasing amounts of domestic and industrial waste waters that may contain phenolic compounds. One of the more serious aspects of this water-quality problem is the lack of specific and sensitive analytical techniques for the detection of these compounds. In order to test the applicability of an improved and modified 4-aminoantipyrine colorimetric procedure to natural waters, a program was undertaken to systematically sample 17 sites in 5 river systems of northeastern New Jersey, and to examine these samples for phenol. This reconnaissance survey revealed concentrations in excess of 1.0 μg/l which is the “recommended potable water-quality standard” established by the New Jersey State Department of Health. All samples were split in order to compare results obtained by the Standard Methods procedure (Method I) to those obtained by the modified procedure (Method II). In 84 of 153 split samples, Method II yielded higher results than Method I. In addition, 44 of these 84 samples were cases in which Method II obtained higher results than the analytical sensitivity of Method I. This means that Method I would have reported negligible phenol concentrations in these 44 samples. This increased sensitivity is viewed as an advantage for Method II and an improvement over the Standard Methods. The phenol concentrations found in the 153 samples ranged from less than the analytical sensitivities of Methods I and II to the highest observed concentration of 210 μg/l.
Comment on: Photodetachment in a strong laser field : An experimental test of Keldysh-like theories

In a recent paper [B. Bergues, Z. Ansari, D. Hanstorp, and I. Yu. Kiyan, Phys. Rev. A 75, 063415 (2007)], there is the statement: ``Our results unambiguously show that the length gauge is the proper one to use in the frame of the strong-field approximation.'' This statement is contested, based on the fact that contrary conclusions from comparisons with experiments have already been demonstrated.
Oxidation of iodide to iodate concurrently with evolution of oxygen at Kelgraf composite electrodes

The oxidation of I− to IO 3 − in acidic media occurs at numerous electrode materials at potential values corresponding to the anodic discharge of H2O with simultaneous evolution of oxygen. In the study reported here the anodic current density for IO 3 − production was measured by difference voltammetry at rotated disc electrodes (r.d.e.'s) constucted from pure glassy carbon (GC) and Kelgraf (graphite plus Kel-F) composite materials. These signal values (S) were normalized relative to the background current (B) for oxygen evolution measured at 1.75 V vs SCE, a potential corresponding to the transport-limited production of IO 3 − at GC. Despite a small positive shift in E 1/2 with decreasing fractional active area, the signal-to-background ratio (S/B) at the Kelgraf electrodes was enhanced relative to that for the GC electrode. For example, SIB at a 2% Kelgraf r.d.e. was nine times larger than at a GC r.d.e. This corresponds to an increase in current efficiency (S/(S + B)) for IO 3 − production from about 50% at the GC r.d.e. to about 90% at 2% Kelgraf r.d.e. This is explained on the basis of (i) a significant decrease in total background current as a result of the decreased fraction of the Kelgraf surface that corresponds to carbon, and (ii) a larger flux density of I− at the carbon microelectrodes in the Kelgraf r.d.e., as compared to the GC r.d.e., as a result of radial diffusion, i.e. the so-called ‘edge effect’.
Gentamicin causes endocytosis of Na/Pi cotransporter protein (NaPi-2)

Gentamicin causes endocytosis of Na/Pi cotransporter protein (NaPi-2). Background Renal toxicity is a major side-effect of aminoglycoside antibiotics and is characterized by an early impairment in proximal tubular function. In a previous study, we have shown that gentamicin administration to the rat causes an early impairment in sodium gradient-dependent phosphate (Na/Pi) cotransport activity. The purpose of our current study was to determine the molecular mechanisms of the impairment in Na/Pi cotransport activity, specifically the role of the proximal tubular type II Na/Pi cotransporter. Methods Rats were treated for one, two, and three days with two daily injections of 30 mg/kg body weight gentamicin or the vehicle. Results Gentamicin caused a progressive decrease in superficial cortical apical brush-border membrane (SC-BBM) Na/Pi cotransporter activity (856 ± 93 in control vs. 545 ± 87 pmol/mg BBM protein in 3-day gentamicin, P Conclusion We conclude that gentamicin inhibits Na/Pi cotransport activity by causing a decrease in the expression of the type II Na/Pi cotransport protein at the level of the proximal tubular apical BBM and that inhibition of Na/Pi cotransport activity is most likely mediated by post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Nickel-Catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling in a Green Alcohol Solvent for an Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory

A modern undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory experiment involving the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling is reported. Although Suzuki–Miyaura couplings typically employ palladium catalysts in environmentally harmful solvents, this experiment features the use of inexpensive nickel catalysis, in addition to a “green” alcohol solvent. The experiment employs heterocyclic substrates, which are important pharmaceutical building blocks. Thus, this laboratory procedure exposes students to a variety of contemporary topics in organic chemistry, including transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings, green chemistry, and the importance of heterocycles in drug discovery, none of which are well represented in typical undergraduate organic chemistry curricula. The experimental protocol uses commercially available reagents and is useful in both organic and inorganic instructional laboratories.
The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/human luteinizing hormone receptors in ectopic human endometrial implants

Our laboratory previously demonstrated that normal human endometrium contains hCG/human LH receptors. Since ectopic endometrial implants in endometriosis arise directly at least in part from uterine endometrium, we investigated whether the implants continue the expression of these receptors. The presence of hCG/LH receptor mRNA and/or immunoreactive receptor protein in ectopic endometrial implants on pelvic peritoneum, uterine endometrium, and unaffected or normal peritoneum from patients with (n = 12) and without (n = 14) clinically apparent endometriosis was examined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry analyses. The results showed that the peritoneal biopsies with visible or microscopic endometrial implants contain receptor mRNA and receptor protein. The glands contain more receptor mRNA and receptor protein than stromal cells in implants similar to uterine endometrium from patients with or without endometriosis. However, there is no consistent difference in the expression of receptors in i...
Morphological effects of prolonged exposure to ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol on the rat lung

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the pulmonary effects of a combination of ozone (0.5 ppm) and sulfuric acid aerosol (1 mg/m 3 ) and to assess the possibility of interactive effects. Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were continuously exposed to the pollutants, either individually or combined, for 3, 50, 90, or 180 days. After 180 days of exposure, additional groups breathed clean air for a further 62 days. Morphological evaluation included light microscopy, autoradiography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. Quantification of pulmonary centriacinar inflammatory cell response was performed by SEM. The results clearly demonstrated that exposure to 0.5 ppm ozone for 180 days resulted in a persistent inflammatory response in the pulmonary centriacinar region together with a structural modification of the terminal bronchiole—proximal alveolar duct junction. Sulfuric acid aerosol did not induce pulmonary morphological changes, nor did it potentiate lesions produced by simultaneous ozone exposure. After termination of the 62-day postexposure period, ozone and ozone plus sulfuric acid postexposure rats demonstrated a marked diminution in the intensity of the pulmonary centriacinar inflammatory response and a partial restoration of normal centriacinar structure.
Adsorption of bovine serum albumin onto glass powder surfaces coated with polyvinyl alcohol

The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was carried out onto polyvinyl alcohol–coated glass powder surfaces. The adsorbed amount was about four times more than that on uncoated glass. The kinetics of the adsorption process was followed colorimetrically, and kinetic parameters, such as adsorption coefficient, rate constants for adsorption and desorption, diffusion constant, and penetration rate constant, were evaluated. The effects of experimental conditions, such as pH, presence of salts, addition of aliphatic alcohols, and variation in the dielectric constant of the medium, on the amount of adsorbed BSA were investigated. The effect of temperature on adsorption was also studied, and several thermodynamic parameters, such as standard free energy change (ΔG°), heat of reaction (ΔH°), and entropy change (ΔS°), were evaluated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 933–940, 2000
Strand exchange in site-specific recombination

The site-specific recombination system of phage lambda promotes crossovers at its attachment site (att). In this report we show that when phage are crossed in conditions where only the site-specific recombination system is active, a low frequency of crossovers can also be detected in a region that is close to but does not contain att. These crossovers require the phage int gene, the host hip gene, and the integrity of att. They are not detected if one of the parents carries a substitution of a heterologous attachment site (attB instead of attP). To explain these findings we suggest that site-specific recombination can proceed by exchange of single strands between the participating chromosomes at att and migration of the resulting junction outside of att.
Application of the Diffusion Approximation to Queueing Networks II: Nonequilibrium Distributions and Applications to Computer Modeling

Quite often explicit information about the behavior of a queue over a fairly short period is wanted. This requires solving the nonequilibrium solution of the queue-length distribution, which is usually quite difficult mathematically. The first half of Part II shows how the diffusion process approximation can be used to answer this question. A transient solution is obtained for a cyclic queueing model using the technique of eigenfunction expansion. The second half of Part II applies the earlier results of Part I to modeling and performance problems of a typical multiprogrammed computer system. Such performance measures as utilization, throughput, response time and its distribution, etc., are discussed in some detail.
Defining an ecological baseline for restoration and natural resource damage assessment of contaminated sites: The case of the Department of Energy

Abstract Retrospective ecological risk assessment, restoration, natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) and managing ecosystems all require having a baseline. This policy and practice paper explores the factors that influence baseline selection, and it is suggested that ecological resources would best be served by: (1) integrating NRDA considerations into both future land-use planning and remediation/restoration; (2) selecting a baseline for NRDA that approximates the land-use conditions at the time of occupation (or a preferred ecosystem); and (3) integrating both the positive and negative aspects of industrial occupation into restoration decisions, baseline selection and NRDA. Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response and Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), natural resource damages are assessed for injuries incurred since 1980 due to releases, but the release itself may have occurred before 1980. The paper uses the Department of Energy as a case study to examine NRDA and the management of ec...