cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF ETS TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE MAMMALIAN IMMUNE SYSTEM

Publisher Summary The Ets (E26-transformation specific or E-twenty-six-specific) family of eukaryotic transcription factors is a large (and rapidly growing) set of winged helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins all of which recognize a purine-rich sequence motif centered around the core sequence, GGA/T. Invertebrate Ets proteins are both positive and negative regulators of a wide variety of important developmental events, including vulval cell-fate determination in Caenorhabditis elegans and steroid hormone-induced metamorphosis photoreceptor development in Drosophila . The fine mapping of Ets phosphorylation sites and an understanding of the role of individual sites in regulating specific functions, such as DNA binding and protein–protein interactions, will also be essential for understanding the regulation of Ets proteins, as will the elucidation of the signaling pathways that lead to the phosphorylation of Ets proteins following immune cell activation. It is important to identify additional partners that interact with Ets proteins to regulate their transcriptional activities. According to this chapter, recent rapid progress in this field seems safe to predict that the next 5 years will represent a second revolution in the understanding of the role of Ets transcription factors in immune cell function.
Prospective association between low and high total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease in elderly Men

Objectives: To examine the relationship between total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly men. Design: Prospective. Setting: Population based. Participants: A sample of 2,424, Japanese-American men aged 71 to 93 was used. Measurements: Six years of data on incident fatal plus nonfatal CHD were examined. Results: Analysis revealed a significant U-shaped relationship between age-adjusted CHD rates and both TC and LDL-C. The ranges of TC and LDL-C with the lowest risk of CHD were 200 to 219 mg/dL and 120 to 139 mg/dL, respectively. As cholesterol concentrations declined and increased beyond these ranges, the risk of CHD increased. These U-shaped relationships remained significant after adjusting for age and other risk factors. Conclusion: The U-shaped associations between TC and LDL-C and CHD imply a complex relationship between lipids and CHD in late life. The results indicate that elevated lipid levels should continue to be treated in healthy elderly individuals, as they are in those who are younger, although pharmacologically lowering lipids to excessively low levels in the elderly may warrant further study, as does the contribution of subclinical frailty to the relationship of lipids to CHD risk.
Haemodynamics during dialysis and cognitive performance.

Background/Aims Persons receiving hemodialysis (HD) are at increased risk of cognitive impairment (CI). Since blood pressure (BP) fluctuations during HD may affect cerebral perfusion – and subsequently cognitive function – we examined the relationship between dialytic BP fluctuation and cognitive outcomes.
Immigrant Sociocultural Adaptation, Identification, and Belonging

For over 150 years and motivated by mass rural-to-urban migrations precipitated by industrialization, social scientists have been studying the experiences of newcomers into established sociocultural contexts. They rightly hypothesized that people's identifications with their social groups, their feelings of belonging in particular, might be altered in societies where the scope and scale of social life rapidly expanded well beyond the face-to-face relations characteristic of smaller-scale societies. In addition, new forms of social solidarities and polarizations were swiftly emerging and taking hold. Early theorists faced the daunting task of not only chronicling these changes but also of theorizing in an age of newly forged and not yet sharpened social science analytical tools. Today the opposite is true; multiple models and almost innumerable publications compete to shed just a little more light on this complex social reality. Yet there is still room for innovation. Toward that goal I identify an approach meriting twenty-first century focus: bridging heretofore separate approaches to understanding the experiences of immigrant versus native newcomers, that is, acculturation versus enculturation. Scholars of immigration have studied acculturation intensively—the processes of adapting to new cultural contexts by people who come to these contexts firmly established culturally from their homelands. Meanwhile, the same scholars almost completely ignore enculturation—the processes involved in learning culture and belonging that occupy infants and young children. Drawing upon advances in understanding the brain-culture nexus, this essay argues that knowing more about enculturation can inform and improve understanding of acculturation. These concepts should form an analytical continuum examining how people come to identify and belong socially and how and why these shift in the course of life—particularly with migration. Keywords: immigrant; sociocultural; industrialization; social scientists; acculturation; polarizations; identifications
Isavuconazonium Sulfate: a Novel Antifungal Agent

Isavuconazonium sulfate is an orally or intravenously administered water-soluble prodrug that rapidly converts to the active triazole antifungal agent isavuconazole in the systemic circulation. Isavuconazole has broad antifungal activity that includes Candida, Aspergillus spp., and Mucorales. Isavuconazole offers several advantages over previous broad-spectrum triazole antifungals. The drug is well-absorbed from the oral capsule and does not appear to be significantly impacted by food intake or alterations in gastric acidity. The intravenous formulation does not require the use of a renally eliminated cyclodextrin carrier molecule. Isavuconazole displays linear pharmacokinetics with low interpatient variability in patients without hepatic insufficiency. The drug’s long half-life allows for once-daily dosing (loading doses are utilized when treating serious infections). Isavuconazole is generally well-tolerated. Adverse effects experienced in clinical trials included gastrointestinal effects, elevated hepatic enzymes, headache, and hypokalemia. The drug is subject to drug interactions, albeit at a lower rate than other broad-spectrum triazole antifungals.
REVIEW: COURTING JUSTICE: TEN NEW JERSEY CASES THAT SHOOK THE NATION

Courting Justice: Ten New Jersey Cases that Shook the Nation Paul Tractenberg, editor Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2013. 268 pp., $17.00 paperback.
Perfusion chromatography: Effect of micropore diffusion on column performance in systems utilizing perfusive adsorbent particles with a bidisperse porous structure

Abstract A mathematical model describing single-component and multi-component adsorption in columns with bidisperse perfusive or bidisperse purely diffusive adsorbent particles is constructed and presented. The model is used to study the adsorption of lysozyme onto monocional anti-lysozyme in columns with bidisperse porous adsorbent particles. The influence of the effective pore diffusion coefficient of the adsorbate in the microparticles (microspheres) and the effects of particle size and intraparticle convective flow on column performance are examined. The results for the systems studied indicate that the systems with bidisperse perfusive particles provide a higher dynamic utilization of the adsorptive capacity of the column than the systems having bidisperse purely diffusive particles.
The conversion of mevalonate to 24-methylenecycloartanol by a cell-free enzyme preparation from nonphotosynthetic tissue.

Abstract A cell-free enzyme preparation has been obtained from the endosperm of germinating seeds of Pinus pinea which is capable of converting mevalonate to 24-methylenecycloartanol. The intermediates, squalene and cycloartenol, were also identified, but lanosterol, its 24-methylene analog, 4-monomethyl, and 4-desmethyl sterols were not formed. Since the enzymatic apparatus for opening the 9, 19-cyclo grouping and for demethylation at C-4 were absent, an experimental block following cyclization and introduction of the methylene group was provided. The absence of Δ8 compounds thus implies that the endosperm does not contain a squalene oxide to lanosterol cyclase. From this information we tentatively conclude that endosperm tissue, which is not functionally photosynthetic, biosynthesizes sterols through cycloartenol rather than lanosterol. This suggests in turn that the entirety of a photosynthetic organism, rather than just photosynthetic tissue, operates the steroid pathway through the cycloartenol route.
A Framework for Evaluating Deployed Security Systems: Is There a Chink in your ARMOR?

A growing number of security applications are being developed and deployed to explicitly reduce risk from adversaries’ actions. However, there are many challenges when attempting to evaluate such systems, both in the lab and in the real world. Traditional evaluations used by computer scientists, such as runtime analysis and optimality proofs, may be largely irrelevant. The primary contribution of this paper is to provide a preliminary framework which can guide the evaluation of such systems and to apply the framework to the evaluation of ARMOR (a system deployed at LAX since August 2007). This framework helps to determine what evaluations could, and should, be run in order to measure a system’s overall utility. A secondary contribution of this paper is to help familiarize our community with some of the difficulties inherent in evaluating deployed applications, focusing on those in security domains.
Effectiveness of Neural Network Learning Rules Generated by a Biophysical Model of Synaptic Plasticity

We describe our initial attempts to reconcile powerful neural network learning rules derived from computational principles with learning rules derived “bottom-up” from biophysical mechanisms. Using a biophysical model of synaptic plasticity (Shouval, Bear, and Cooper, 2002), we generated numerical synaptic learning rules and compared them to the performance of a Hebbian learning rule in a previously studied neural network model of self-organized learning. In general, the biophysically derived learning rules did not perform as well as the analytic rule, but their performance could be improved by adjusting various aspects of the biophysical model. These results show that some progress has been made in integrating our understanding of biological and artificial neural networks.
Tracking algorithm based on color correlation histogram using particle filter

A novel tracking algorithm based on the color correlation histogram using particle filter was proposed in this paper. By using the color correlation histogram as target feature, spatial information is introduced into the target representation, which gives a reliable likelihood description of the observation and the prediction for tracking the targets accurately. The capability of the algorithm to tolerate appearance changes like orientation changes, small scale changes, partial occlusions and background scene changes is demonstrated using some real video sequences. Experimental evidence shows that the color correlation histogram is more effective than the traditional color histogram for objects tracking.
Distinctive Features and the Liquids in Picard

The class of liquid consonants, which traditionally groups laterals and rhotics, is called into question due to a lack of shared phonological feature with a phonetic correlate. Following recent work on the liquid consonants, this paper examines these consonants in Picard, a Gallo-Romance variety spoken in Northern France and Southern Belgium. The behavior of these consonants is analyzed both word-initially in liquid-glide clusters where we observe resyllabification, epenthesis, and sometimes deletion, as well as in word-final complex clusters. We find that the lateral consonant is more prone to deletion next to coronal consonants in both positions, leading to the analysis that the lateral is phonologically specified as [coronal], whereas the rhotic, which is phonetically coronal in Picard, is unspecified for place in the phonology.
Effect of pH of Bupivacaine on Duration of Repeated Sciatic. Nerve Blocks in the Albino Rat

Tachyphylaxis has been ascribed to tissue acidification after repeated injections of acidic local anesthetic solutions. We studied the effect of pH on the duration of action of bupivacaine to determine the validity of this proposed mechanism of tachyphylaxis by injecting bupivacaine solutions adjusted to pH 4.2 or 6.8 into a surgically implanted system created to permit in vivo irrigation of rat sciatic nerves with local anesthetic. Tachyphylaxis developed at both pH values. The results fail to support the acidification hypothesis as there was no statistically significant effect of a 400-fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration on the development of tachyphylaxis or the duration of motor dysfunction.
Removal of contaminating proteases from Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals by density gradient centrifugation in NaBr

Purification of the Bacillus thuringiensis protein crystal on NaBr density gradients confers a significant technical advantage in that the crystal-associated proteases are thereby removed. The use of protease-free crystals allows reliable determination of native crystal parameters.
The bounded variable problem-an application of the dual method for quadratic programming†‡

The paper presents an algorithm to solve the bounded variable quadratic programming problem. The algorithm is a direct extension of an earlier algorithm of H. Wagner (N.R.L.Q. 1958) for the case of a bounded variable linear programming problem.
Autosomal recessive syndrome of cerebellar ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

An ataxia-hypogonadism syndrome is reported in at least four of 15 family members (two brothers and two sisters). Consanguinity could be proven by genealogical studies; parents were second cousins. The onset of cerebellar ataxia in three sibs was at about 12–20 years, in the proposita at 33–38 years; progression was very slow. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was reflected in failure of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics, eunu-choidism, absence of libido and infertility. The concurrence of hereditary ataxia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is discussed and explained as pleiotropic effects caused by the homozygous state of a rare autosomal recessive gene. A review of the literature suggests that this is a previously undescribed disorder.
A conformal Bayesian network for classification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages

Background We present a novel conformal Bayesian network (CBN) to classify strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) into six major genetic lineages based on two high-throuput biomarkers: mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU) and spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping). MTBC is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), which remains one of the leading causes of disease and morbidity world-wide. DNA fingerprinting methods such as MIRU and spoligotyping are key components in the control and tracking of modern TB.
Regulation of AP-3 enhancer activity during hematopoietic differentiation

Phorbol ester treatment of the human leukemic cell line U937 induces macrophage differentiation over 24-48 hr. This differentiation is mediated by the activation and/or repression of specific gene transcription by proteins, enhancer binding factors, that bind to the DNA upstream of the start site of transcription. We find that differentiation of U937 cells induced by phorbol esters and bryostain 1, activators of protein kinase C, and the phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, stimulates transcription from an enhancer sequence which contains multimerized AP-3 binding sequences but not from one that contains multimerized AP-2 binding motifs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrate that AP-3 DNA binding activity peaks at 24 hr, remains elevated for 24 hr, and then decreases thereafter. Southwestern blotting demonstrates that the AP-3 enhancer sequence binds to a 48 kDa protein present in these leukemic cells. Because the AP-3-oligomer also contains an overlapping NF-kappa B-like site, the role of NK-kappa B proteins in regulating transcription from this multimerized oligonucleotide was investigated. Transfection of U937 cells with NF-kappa B family members demonstrated activation of AP-3-mediated transcription by rel A but little effect induced by NFKB1 and c-rel. It is unlikely, however, that phorbol ester-induced transcription from this AP-3 sequence is solely mediated by this NF-kappa B family member since treatment of U937 cells with antisense rel A oligodeoxynucleotides did not block phorbol ester-mediated transcription from the AP-3 site. These data demonstrate that AP-3, but not AP-2 sequences, functions to activate mRNA transcription during phorbol ester-induced hematopoietic differentiation and suggests a complex interaction between NF-kappa B and AP-3 proteins in the regulation of this enhancer element.
Price of modernization of China.

To the Editor: I would like to echo the sentiments of Smaha in the “Message from China”1 and add some personal comments. The prevalence of coronary heart disease has changed considerably in China in the past 5 decades, rising from the fifth most common form of heart disease in 1948 to 1957 to the second most common form of heart disease from 1958 to 1979, and to the most common form of heart disease in 1980 to 1989, where …
Eddy current damping due to a linear periodic array of magnetic poles

Eddy currents induced in a conductor moving in a magnetic field produce a retarding force proportional to the heat generated in the material. This principle is utilized in the design of magnetic damping or "braking" systems for various applications. The problem considered here is that of a conducting sheet adjacent to a periodic array of magnetic poles. Quasistatic magnetic field solutions are derived for a sheet of arbitrary permeability and thickness moving uniformly at a fixed distance from the poles. The fields inside and outside the conducting sheet are computed over the complete range of dynamic conditions in terms of a relative magnetic penetration length. The field solutions are then employed to calculate the induced current density in the case where the conductor thickness is large in comparison with the axial pole length. The resulting braking power is computed for the purpose of establishing design principles for effective damping. The derived results are applied to two possible situations: a "high reluctance" magnetic circuit which utilizes a nonpermeable conducting sheet, and a "low reluctance" circuit which requires a highly permeable conductor. Differences in these two approaches are analyzed with respect to braking power and preferred type of permanent magnets for optimum performance.
Analysis of some random blending processes

A common problem in the design of mixing and blending equipment is the estimation of the size of the equipment needed to achieve a certain specification. If the statistical properties of the non-uniformities in the production lots to be blended are known one can calculate by known methods (1) the reduction in the variance of the product properties. Specifications however are normally given not in terms of a variance but in terms of limits. These can be estimated from the variance by assuming a Gaussian distribution. In this paper a method is discussed which allows one to calculate these limits directly for some blending problems in which the source of the nonuniformity is due to the production of an off-grade lot. This not only allows more accurate design procedures, but also gives some insights as to the magnitude of the error made by assuming a Gaussian distribution. Un probleme courant dans la conception de l'outillage de malaxage et de melange est l'estime des dimensions de l'outillage qui doit repondre a des exigences specifiques. Si l'on connai't les proprietes statistiques des facteurs de non-uniformite dans les portions des materiaux a melanger, on peut calculer par des methodes connues (reference 1) la diminution de la variance des proprietes du produit. Toutefois, on formule normalement les exigences en terme de limites pluto't que de variance et on peut les evaluer a partir de la variance en supposant l'existence d'une distribution de Gauss. On discute, dans ce travail, une methode qui permet de calculer ces limites directement, dans le cas de certains problemes de melange ou le manque d'uniformite est du' a la production d'une quantite de produit qui s'ecarte de la qualite desiree. Ceci permet, non seulement l'obtention de procedes plus precis pour la conception, mais donne une idee de l'ampleur de l'erreur qui resulte de l'existence presumee d'une distribution de Gauss.
Harpin Mediates Cell Aggregation in Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937

The hypersensitive response elicitor harpin (HrpN) of soft rot pathogen Erwinia chrysanthemi strains 3937 and EC16 is secreted via the type III secretion system and remains cell surface bound. Strain 3937 HrpN is essential for cell aggregation, but the C-terminal one-third of the protein is not required for aggregative activity.
Behavioral and EEG asymmetry following unilateral lesions of the forebrain and midbrain in cats

Abstract Destruction of the caudate and ventro-medial internal capsule (10 cats) and midbrain reticular formation, sparing the direct sensory pathways (11 cats), caused contralateral sensory neglect and ipsilateral over-reactivity. The cortical EEG ipsilateral to the lesions when the cats were alert consistently had a pattern usually associated with sleep in normal animals, whereas the contralateral EEG showed an alert pattern. The asymmetry was enduring when the cats were awake but tended to decrease when they were asleep.
A chain rule for first- and second-order epiderivatives and hypoderivatives

A chain rule is established for contingent and adjacent epiderivatives and hypoderivatives of compositions g○h, where h is assumed to be Hadamard directionally differentiable. Corollaries include a formula for the contingent and adjacent cones of an equality constraint set defined by a Hadamard directionally differentiable function. An analogous chain rule for second-order contingent and adjacent epiderivatives and hypoderivatives is also developed.
Partisan-motivated prorogation and the Westminster model: a comparative perspective

Recent cases of partisan-motivated prorogations of parliaments at the federal and provincial levels in Canada have focused attention on this phenomenon. While such prorogations are uncommon in the mature Westminster-style parliaments, the Canadian cases are not unique. Systematic study of partisan-motivated prorogations in the Australian states has illuminated the factors commonly associated with such cases. This paper outlines the results of this literature and then tests whether the Canadian cases fit the pattern. It shows that, on balance, these factors do apply. The paper thus concludes that, while partisan-motivated prorogations may not be predictable, it is possible to identify circumstances in which there is a substantially greater risk of their occurrence.
Drug Loading into and In Vitro Release from Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems

Drug loading during preparation and subsequent release after administration are two important properties that have to be built into a drug delivery system during their development as they largely determine the efficiency of such systems. Drug loading is the process of incorporation of the drug into a polymer matrix or capsule. Drug release is the reverse process by which the drugmolecules are liberated from the solid phase and become available for absorption and pharmacological action. Therefore, in addition, in vitro drug release can be a quality control of the drug delivery system, provide information about the internal structure of the carrier, the interaction between the drug and carrier, and can be used to predict in vivo behavior (Chorny, Fishbein, Danenberg, & Golomb, 2002; Washington, 1990a). Drug loading and release are related to each other because both depend on the physicochemical properties of the matrix, the physicochemical properties of the drug and the interaction between the matrix, drug and the environment. This chapter describes the various processes involved with drug loading into nanosized drug delivery systems and how it influences the subsequent release of the drug from these systems.
Malignant salivary tumors—analysis of prognostic factors and survival

A group of 113 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors was retrospectively reviewed to analyze the association of clinical and histologic factors with survival. These factors were patient sex and age, tumor site, clinical stage, histologic diagnosis, tumor grade, and whether or not final surgical margins were clear. There were 57 parotid, 40 minor salivary, and 16 submandibular gland cancers. The histologic groups were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (49 patients), adenoid cystic carcinoma (31), adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (18), acinic cell carcinoma (7), malignant mixed tumor (5), squamous cell carcinoma (2), and undifferentiated carcinoma (1). Univariate analysis of clinical factors showed that age and clinical stage significantly influenced survival. At 10 yr the predicted cumulative survival rates for Stage I, II, III, and IV tumors were 74%, 56%, 32%, and 10%, respectively. Tumor grade was the only significant histologic factor. This was most obviously reflected among patients with mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Cumulative survival at 5 yr was 94% for those with low-grade tumors and 26% for high-grade tumors. By multivariate analysis, clinical stage, age, and tumor grade remained highly significant. Analysis of patients with only Stage I and II disease demonstrated that the significant factors were patient age, tumor site, tumor grade, and whether or not surgical clearance was achieved. These results suggest that clinical stage should not be the exclusive determinant of the extent of surgery and that the selection of patients, for adjuvant therapy may be improved by an awareness of these prognostic factors.
Molecular dynamics simulations of an electrified water/Pt(111) interface using point charge dissociative water

Abstract Water dissociation and structural diffusion of protons at the electrified water/Pt(1 1 1) interface are examined using molecular dynamics simulations. A combination of reactive water with a Pt(1 1 1) electrode under constant potential conditions is unique and relevant to fuel cell relevant electrochemistry. We use a modified central force model to describe reactive water and electrode charge dynamics to describe the electrode. We perform control simulations using SPC/E water, a contrast that clarifies when the influence of water ions on interfacial water structure and dynamics and electrochemical properties can no longer be neglected. Both mCF and SPC/E water have structured interfacial water layers regardless of electrode potential, but a reactive model is important when considering water structure away from the surface and interfacial dynamics. As opposed to SPC/E water, an applied potential does not induce preferred water orientation for mCF water in the middle of the electrolyte, despite the fact that interfacial OH and H3O ions cannot completely screen the electrode potential. This occurs because fast exchanges among OH/H2O/H3O relax the electric field constraint in the surface normal direction. mCF water accurately describes the timescales of hydrogen bond vibration and structural diffusion of both hydronium and hydroxyl ions. This simple reactive water model distinguishes structural diffusion between H3O and OH ions, where H3O ion transfer is three times faster than OH ion transfer. The model allows us to determine the influence of applied potential and H3O/OH ions on charge transfer effectiveness near the electrode surface, directly relevant to fuel cell electrochemistry.
Examining the Relationship Amongst Varieties of Interpersonal Valuing and Mindfulness Processes in Eating Pathology

Despite the rising prevalence rates of eating disorders in today’s society, few effective treatments exist. Recently, acceptance and mindfulness-based processes have begun to receive increasing attention. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a cognitive behavioral treatment that promotes mindfulness-based processes in the context of personal values clarification and engagement. The addition of values to treatment protocols has yielded promising effects in several populations, but investigations of the role of values in eating behaviors are largely nonexistent. This study explored the relationship between valuing in interpersonal domains and aspects of mindfulness in the context of eating disorder symptomatology. Results indicate that both lack of success at living important interpersonal values and pliant valuing predict eating disorder symptoms and that pliant valuing predicts interpersonal problems. However, the relationship between pliance and both disordered eating and interpersonal problems disappears after aspects of mindfulness are added to the model. Implications for the use of ACT in the treatment of eating disorders are discussed.
Infrared and Raman studies of solid formaldehyde

Abstract The infrared and Raman spectra of the fundamental vibrational regions and the Raman spectra of the lattice mode regions are reported for polycrystalline films of H 2 CO and D 2 CO at 80°K. It is inferred that the primitive cell contains at least four molecules, that the unit cell group has no center of symmetry, and that the intermolecular interactions weaken the CO bonds and strengthen the CH bonds.
Lakeshore zoning has heterogeneous ecological effects: an application of a coupled economic-ecological model

Housing growth has been widely shown to be negatively correlated with wildlife populations, avian richness, anadromous fish, and exotic invasion. Zoning is the most frequently used public policy to manage housing development and is often motivated by a desire to protect the environment. Zoning is also pervasive, taking place in all 50 states. One relevant question that has received little research concerns the effectiveness of zoning to meet ecological goals. In this paper, we examined whether minimum frontage zoning policies have made a positive impact on the lakes they were aimed to protect in Vilas County, Wisconsin, USA. We used an economic model that estimated when a given lot will be subdivided and how many new lots will be created as a function of zoning. Using the economic model, we simulated the effects of multiple zoning scenarios on lakeshore development. The simulated development patterns were then input to ecological models that predicted the amount of coarse woody debris (CWD) and the growth rate of bluegills as a function of residential density. Comparison of the ecological outcomes under different simulated zoning scenarios quantified the effect of zoning policies on residential density, CWD, and bluegill growth rates. Our results showed that zoning significantly affected residential density, CWD counts, and bluegill growth rates across our study area, although the effect was less clear at the scale of individual lake. Our results suggest that homogeneous zoning (i.e., for a county) is likely to have mixed results when applied to a heterogeneous landscape. Further, our results suggest that zoning regimes with a higher minimum shoreline frontage are likely to have larger ecological effects when applied to lakes that are less developed.
Differences of Acute versus Chronic Ethanol Exposure on Anxiety-Like Behavioral Responses in Zebrafish

Zebrafish, a vertebrate model organism amenable to high throughput screening, is an attractive system to model and study the mechanisms underlying human diseases. Alcoholism and alcoholic medical disorders are among the most debilitating diseases, yet the mechanisms by which ethanol inflicts the disease states are not well understood. In recent years zebrafish behavior assays have been used to study learning and memory, fear and anxiety, and social behavior. It is important to characterize the effects of ethanol on zebrafish behavioral repertoires in order to successfully harvest the strength of zebrafish for alcohol research. One prominent effect of alcohol in humans is its effect on anxiety, with acute intermediate doses relieving anxiety and withdrawal from chronic exposure increasing anxiety, both of which have significant contributions to alcohol dependence. In this study, we assess the effects of both acute and chronic ethanol exposure on anxiety-like behaviors in zebrafish, using two behavioral paradigms, the Novel Tank Diving Test and the Light/Dark Choice Assay. Acute ethanol exposure exerted significant dose-dependent anxiolytic effects. However, withdrawal from repeated intermittent ethanol exposure disabled recovery from heightened anxiety. These results demonstrate that zebrafish exhibit different anxiety-like behavioral responses to acute and chronic ethanol exposure, which are remarkably similar to these effects of alcohol in humans. Because of the accessibility of zebrafish to high throughput screening, our results suggest that genes and small molecules identified in zebrafish will be of relevance to understand how acute versus chronic alcohol exposure have opposing effects on the state of anxiety in humans.
A REVISION OF MELOCHIA SECTION PHYSODIUM (STERCULIACEAE) FROM MEXICO

Melochia sectionPhysodium, a group of tall shrubs and small trees of Pacific and southwestern Mexico, is revised. The section, often treated as a genus, is distinguished by several characters: tree-like habit, accrescent calyces, staminodes, stipitate ovaries and fruits, and slightly to deeply retuse capsules. The last character alone sets the section apart from otherMelochia sections. Descriptions of the pollen and wood of sectionPhysodium are presented and comparisons are made to other sections of the genus. Three species are recognized:M. corymbosa, M. adenodes, andM. oaxacana sp. nov. Lectotypes are chosen forM. corymbosa and its synonyms, including several names based on plates or collections made by Sesse and Mocino.
Passive UHF RFID tag localization using reader antenna spatial diversity

A simple and robust RSSI based passive RFID localization technique has been investigated. The algorithm does not depend on the type of RFID tags or orientation, and is independent of the environment as long as there is a reasonable line of sight between the reader antennas and the interrogation zone. Experimental results show that the average estimated distance error is 17cm for a single tag in an open space, and 48cm for an area cluttered with many retail items. Our future work will focus on using phase information combined with RSSI to enhance the localization accuracy. Improved propagation models and positioning algorithms will be developed for robust estimation under varying environmental conditions.
Dual Sagnac loop mirror SOA-based widely tunable dual-output port fiber laser

A widely tunable (30 nm) fiber laser based on a double Sagnac loop mirror configuration is proposed and demonstrated. A semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) placed between the two loop mirrors acts as the gain medium. The fiber laser has two output ports with adjustable optical power outputs. Wavelength tunability is obtained through the use of a thin film tunable filter, while optical power adjustability is accomplished by proper adjustment of each of the loop mirror reflectivity via a polarization controller. A total output power of + 9 dBm is measured and the potential for higher output powers is discussed. Optical power stability of better than +/- 0.15 dB is measured for 6 hours.
Risk of stillbirth with advancing gestational age among pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension

COMPLICATED BY CHRONIC HYPERTENSION KJERSTI AAGAARD-TILLERY, CALLA HOLMGREN, YVETTE LACOURSIERE, D. WARE BRANCH, MICHAEL VARNER, University of Utah, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salt Lake City, Utah OBJECTIVE: Utilizing a comprehensive stillbirth database from Utah, we observed an increased risk of stillbirths (SB) among women whose pregnancies are complicated by chronic hypertension (HTN). Given the long-standing recognition of risks of superimposed preeclampsia, placental abruption, and IUGR among these women, we hypothesized there might exist a gestational age threshold where risk of stillbirth in chronic hypertensives exceeded that among age-matched controls. STUDY DESIGN: Through the Utah Department of Health, we compiled a database of nonanomalous SB infants over the interval 1992-2002. A combined database was generated with randomly identified controls from Birth Certificates. Cox proportional hazard models were used in 3955 subjects to generate survival curves comparing pregnancies complicated by chronic HTN or gestational HTN to those of controls. Data is expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI. RESULTS: In pregnancies complicated by chronic HTN, the survival curve diverged from that of controls at those gestational ages approaching term (HR 2.24 1.51, 3.32 95% CI; P ! .000). By contrast, pregnancies complicated by gestational HTN failed to demonstrate a significant aberration in the survival curve (HR 1.07 0.86, 1.33 95% CI; P = .543). CONCLUSION: We utilize survival curves generated from Cox proportional hazard models to demonstrate a divergent risk of stillbirth among pregnancies complicated by chronic HTN when compared with either gestational HTN or controls. Our data suggest that outcomes in such pregnancies might improve with induction prior to term. We speculate that their likely exists precise gestational age thresholds at which delivery is indicated in chronic hypertensives. S74 SMFM Abstracts
Oncocytic Neoplasms of the Adrenal Gland

OBJECTIVE. Our study was aimed at review of the radiologic findings on oncocytic neoplasms to identify the features that differentiate these tumors from other adrenal neoplasms.CONCLUSION. Benign and malignant oncocytic neoplasms could not be differentiated on the basis of the CT and MRI criteria used for differentiating adrenal cortical adenoma from carcinoma. Oncocytic neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of indeterminate adrenal tumors.
Dispersion and Exposure to a Cough-Generated Aerosol in a Simulated Medical Examination Room

Few studies have quantified the dispersion of potentially infectious bioaerosols produced by patients in the health care environment and the exposure of health care workers to these particles. Controlled studies are needed to assess the spread of bioaerosols and the efficacy of different types of respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE) in preventing airborne disease transmission. An environmental chamber was equipped to simulate a patient coughing aerosol particles into a medical examination room, and a health care worker breathing while exposed to these particles. The system has three main parts: (1) a coughing simulator that expels an aerosol-laden cough through a head form; (2) a breathing simulator with a second head form that can be fitted with respiratory PPE; and (3) aerosol particle counters to measure concentrations inside and outside the PPE and at locations throughout the room. Dispersion of aerosol particles with optical diameters from 0.3 to 7.5 μm was evaluated along with the influen...
Profiles of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus type 2 infection

Antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ADE) was studied with P-388D1 mouse macrophage-like cells, 21 dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) strains, and 8 monoclonal antibodies reactive with flavivirus group-specific or dengue serotype-specific determinants. Testing a constant number of virions against serial dilutions of antibody for their ability to infect P-388D1 cells, a reproducible 'enhancement profile' was observed. The profile was characterized by (1) appearance, peak, decline, and disappearance of infection enhancement when antibody-containing ascitic fluids were diluted beyond the neutralizing endpoint, and (2) evolution over an approximate 10,000-fold dilutional range. The profiles were similar regardless of whether viruses were complexed with antibody at flavivirus group or serotype determinants, but the antibody dilution at which infection enhancement was maximal varied with the neutralization titer of the antibody. Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue infection appear to be biological outcomes of interactions between antibodies and single viral epitopes at different antibody: virus ratios.
Children remember childhood: implications for childhood amnesia

Whether events from early childhood are recalled as children grow older is a critical issue for understanding the development of autobiographical memory and the phenomenon of childhood amnesia. Sixteen white, middle-class 8-year-old children were asked about events that they had recalled in previous interviews when they were 40, 46, 58 or 70 months old. Children recalled most of the events about which they were asked, even those events that occurred in very early childhood. Moreover, children recalled the events accurately and with many details. However, children reported much new and different information about the events at age 8. Overall, girls recalled more information at age 8 than boys did. Surprisingly, there were no relationships between rehearsal and the amount of information children recalled at age 8, but it must be emphasized that all these events were frequently rehearsed at the time of occurrence. These results demonstrate remarkable memory over extended periods of time for events occurring in early childhood. Implications for childhood amnesia are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Hominidae and Cranial Capacity

WOLPOFF1 has recently argued that the cranial capacity of the type specimen of Homo habilis2 from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania (Olduvai hominid 7), is not sufficiently different from those of South African Australopithecus africanus to warrant placement in a separate species. He arrives at this conclusion by pooling the sets of observations from Olduvai and South Africa, calculating the mean and standard deviation of this “sample”, and showing that the sample coefficient of variation is not unduly high. He also shows that Olduvai hominid 7 falls only 2.03 standard deviations from the sample mean.
Photoabsorption by ultracold atoms and the scattering length.

It is shown that photoabsorption in a gas of ultracold atoms depends on the sign and magnitude of the scattering length in the scattering of a pair of atoms. Measurements of fluorescence in ${}^{7}$Li are interpreted to show that the triplet scattering length is negative and the singlet scattering length is positive.
Tantalum amido and imido complexes supported by tris[(2-indolyl)methyl]amine, a tetradentate trianionic ligand with reduced pi-donor character.

Tris[(2-indole)methyl]amine, N(CH 2 inH) 3 , may be readily obtained by reaction of methyl 2-bromomethyl-1-indolecarboxylate with NH 3 followed by deprotection with NaOMe/MeOH. In its deprotonated form, [N(CH 2 in) 3 ] 3 - isan efficient tetradentate trianionic ligand for tantalum, as illustrated by the isolation and structural characterization of [η 4 -N(CH 2 in) 3 ]Ta(NAr)(NMe2H) (Ar = 2,6-C 6 H 3 Pr i 2 ), [η 4 -N(CH 2 in) 3 ]Ta(NMe 2 ) 2 and [η 4 -N(CH 2 in) 3 ]Ta(NMe 2 )Cl. The [N(CH 2 in) 3 ] 3 - ligand has a structural similarity to that of [N(CH 2 CH 2 NR) 3 ] 3 - , but differs electronically from the latter due to its reduced π-donor capability, a direct result of the nitrogen being a component of the aromatic π-system of the indolyl fragment.
The Effects of Sonication, Freezing and Lyophilization on JMV Leukosis Strain

JMV lymphoblastic leukemic cells were subjected to sonication, followed by freezing and lyophilization in an attempt to learn the tolerance of JMV cells to these treatments. Sonication experiments indicated that a high percentage of cell breakage (greater than 89%) is necessary for any decrease in lethality to be observed. Freezing experiments involving a wide range of cryoprotectors demonstrated 2M glycerol to be the best for JMV preservation. Subsequent freeze-drying of sonicated, frozen JMV preparations, of high titer, consistently resulted in all loss of lethality.
International prognostic index-based outcomes for diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

BACKGROUND We present the results of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy with or without involved-field radiotherapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) according to the international prognostic index (IPI). METHODS From September 1988 through December 1996, 294 patients with Stage I–IV Working Formulation large B-cell or T-cell lymphomas were treated prospectively on two protocols at our center. Diagnoses were reclassified subsequently according to the new World Health Organization classification. Two-hundred and twenty-four patients had DLBCL, including 24 patients with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Treatment consisted of a median of six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy with or without involved-field radiotherapy (median dose, 39.6 Gy). RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS. The median length of follow-up among surviving patients was 5.0 years. Patient subgroups differed from each other in terms of progression-free (P = 0.003), cause-specific (P = 0.003), and overall (P = 0.001) survival rates when analyzed by IPI. Five-year progression-free, cause-specific, and overall survival rates for 212 patients with an IPI of 0–2 were 73%, 84%, and 82%, respectively, versus only 37%, 33%, and 32% for 12 patients with an IPI of 3–4. To improve our results, we are conducting clinical trials with young DLBCL patients and with patients who are older than 60 years. The young DLBCL patients, who have more than two adverse prognostic features, are receiving high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue. The patients who are older than 60 years, regardless of IPI, are receiving rituximab immunotherapy and liposomal CHOP chemotherapy with or without involved-field radiotherapy. Cancer 2002;94:3083–8. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10583
SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE OF ARBOVIRUS ACTIVITY IN A MOOSE POPULATION IN ALBERTA

Twenty-three sera from a moose (Alces alces) population in southeastern Alberta were serologically tested for virus activity. No reactors were detected in a metabolic inhibition test in tissue culture to eastern encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis or encephalomyocarditis; there was one reactor to St. Louis encephalitis, two reactors to western encephalitis, and 16 reactors to California encephalitis. No positive reactors were obtained against bluetongue or epizootic hemorrhagic disease in plaque-reduction neutralization tests. This is the first report of serologic reactors to these diseases in moose and the epizootiological significance of these findings is discussed.
A latent, nonpathogenic HSV-1-derived vector stably expresses β-galactosidase in mouse neurons

Abstract A genetically engineered herpes simplex virus variant was constructed for use as a stable gene vector for neurons. To inhibit replication, the agent possessed a deletion in the immediate early gene ICP4, and to minimize reactivation from the latent state, the gene encoding the latency-associated transcript was deleted. The E. coli β-galactosidase gene under the control of the Maloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat promoter was inserted into the ICP4 region. When introduced into the peripheral nervous system, this virus established latent infections and stably expressed β-galactosidase in primary sensory neurons. Expression of β-galactosidase over a more limited time period was observed when the latent infection was established in motor neurons of the hypoglossal nucleus. Agents of this general design have considerable potential for use as gene vectors for studies of neuronal function and correction of genetic defects affecting neurons.