cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Visualizing Three-Dimensional Hybrid Atomic Orbitals Using Winplot: An Application for Student Self Instruction”

The graphical representations of hybrid orbitals in “Visualizing Three-Dimensional Hybrid Atomic Orbitals Using Winplot: An Application for Student Self Instruction” do not accurately represent their isosurfaces.
A Cranberry Recipe for Citizen Rulemaking

Under the Massachusetts Clean Water Act, a loophole exists that allows fertilizer-laden waters to escape “wet crop” farms and to flow into nearby waterways, causing detrimental effects. Blackmore Pond, located near Cape Cod, Massachusetts, has seen such effects, and its residents are eager for change. Considering that past lawsuits have failed to close the wet crop loophole, the residents of Blackmore Pond may petition the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection to amend the Massachusetts Clean Water Act regulations. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection may accept the proposed amendments, in which case the residents of Blackmore Pond will have achieved success in closing the wet crop loophole, or reject the amendments, in which case the residents will be able to challenge this decision through judicial review. Citizen petitions for rulemaking are a seldom-used, powerful means for ordinary citizens to effect change.
The acquisition of dangerous biological materials: Technical facts sheets to assist risk assessments of 46 potential BW agents

Numerous terrorist organizations have openly expressed interest in producing and deploying biological weapons. However, a limiting factor for many terrorists has been the acquisition of dangerous biological agents, as evidenced by the very few successful instances of biological weapons use compared to the number of documented hoaxes. Biological agents vary greatly in their ability to cause loss of life and economic damage. Some agents, if released properly, can kill many people and cause an extensive number of secondary infections; other agents will sicken only a small number of people for a short period of time. Consequently, several biological agents can potentially be used to perpetrate a bioterrorism attack but few are likely capable of causing a high consequence event. It is crucial, from a US national security perspective, to more deeply understand the likelihood that terrorist organizations can acquire the range of these agents. Few studies have attempted to comprehensively compile the technical information directly relevant to the acquisition of dangerous bacteria, viruses and toxins. In this report, technical fact sheets were assembled for 46 potentially dangerous biological agents. Much of the information was taken from various research sources which could ultimately and significantly expedite and improve bioterrorism threat assessments.more » By systematically examining a number of specific agent characteristics included in these fact sheets, it may be possible to detect, target, and implement measures to thwart future terrorist acquisition attempts. In addition, the information in these fact sheets may be used as a tool to help laboratories gain a rudimentary understanding of how attractive a method laboratory theft is relative to other potential acquisition modes.« less
Entanglement Constraints in Multi-Qubit Systems

We observe a novel type of multi-party entanglement constraint relations for arbitrary N-qubit pure state systems. A multi-dimensional geometric representation of such relations is presented.
Insensitivity of adipocytes of hypophysectomized rats to growth hormone and insulin.

SummaryFree fat cells prepared from epididymal fat of hypophysectomized rats by digestion with collagenase failed to exhibit increased glucose oxidation when exposed to insulin or growth hormone. Segments of epididymal fat from the same hypophysectomized rats responded normally to these hormones. When obtained from normal rats, both segments of epididymal fat and free adipocytes also exhibited normal sensitivity to insulin. Hormonal responsiveness of adipose cells of hypophysectomized animals was not restored by shortening the digestion period, addition of trypsin or phospholipase inhibitors or pretreatment of the donor animals with cortisone, triiodothyronine, or growth hormone.
Task Analysis of the Independent Duty Submarine Corpsman for Application to Computerized Medical Diagnosis

A task analysis of the corpsman on board nuclear submarines is described. This analysis forms the basis for the determination of the feasibility of a shipboard computer aided diagnostic system which would permit the corpsman to interact with the computer as he would a medical consultant. The system would serve as a partial substitute for shore based facilities and medical personnel during missions requiring communication restrictions. Preliminary data is presented.
Status of Basic Health Skills Among Sichuan Residents

Objective To understand the status of basic health skills among Sichuan residents,thus to provide evidence for health education policy and intervention measures.Methods By multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method,questionnaire survey were conducted on 6,042 residents.Results The overall level of health skills among Sichuan residents was 56.02%,62.72% for urban and 49.39% for rural.Skill mastering rates were respectively: knowing of calling 120 in emergency,94.7%;ability to rescue electricity shock casualty,79.4% and can read validity of drugs,71.0%.Yet the rate of completely understanding of the 6 risk identifications was 21.3%;rate of understanding OTC sign,26.6%;rate of can safely escape in the fire,47.8% and the ability to measure axillary temperature,51.2%.The overall health skills levels in urban residents were generally higher than that in rural residents(P0.01).Conclusion The overall rate of basic health skills among Sichuan residents stays low,thus pertinent measures like health skills training should timely strengthened,especially for the rural areas.
Different Carbons and Nitrogen Sources Effects of on the Growth and Phenol Degradation of the Ttrain XH-10

This study detected 18 types of carbons and nitrogen sources for efficient phenol-degrading bacteria XH-10 growth and phenol degradation.The experimental group and control group were compared and the results showed that;the lactose,maltose,starch,peptone,yeast powder had strong promoting effect on XH-10 cell growth,very suitable for the growth of XH-10;glucose,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,ammonium chloride,ammonium acetate,ammonium oxalate,ammonium nitrate,urea had certain stimulative effect on XH-10 cell growth,suitable for the growth of XH-10;sucrose,glycerin,sodium nitrate had lower stimulative effect on XH-10 cell growth,roughly suitable of XH-10 growth;sodium acetate,ammonium phosphate,ammonium chloride had obvious negative effect on XH-10 cell growth,not suitable for XH-10 growth.phenol degradation Secood the lactose,maltose,starch had no influence on the XH-10,very suitable for XH-10 phenol degradation;glucose,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose had a little hegative effeit on XH-10 phenol degradation for,suitable for XH-10 phenol degradation;glycerol,sucrose,peptone,yeast powder,ammonium nitrate,urea had some negative effect,roughly suitable of XH-10 phenol degradation;sodium acetate,ammonium chloride,ammonium acetate,sodium nitrate,ammonium phosphate,ammonium chloride,ammonium oxalate were not suitable for XH-10 degradation of phenol.
Transgene Dispersal Through Pollen

Techniques used for the transfer of novel genes into host plant genomes have created new possibilities for crop improvement. The implementation of transgenic crop species into agriculture has introduced the possibility of transgene escape into the environment via pollen dispersal. Although the movement of pollen is a critical step in transgene escape, there is currently no system to monitor transgenic pollen movement under field conditions. The development of an effective in vivo monitoring system suitable for use under field conditions is needed for research and commercial purposes so potential risks can be quantified and evaluated. This chapter describes the development of a model system using green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in pollen as a marker to monitor pollen distribution patterns. A pollen specific promoter was used to express the GFP gene in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). GFP was visualized in pollen and growing pollen tubes using fluorescent microscopy. Furthermore, the goal of this research was to compare the dynamics of pollen movement with that of gene flow by using another method of whole plant expression of GFP to estimate out-crossing frequencies by progeny analysis. Pollen movement and gene flow were quantified under field conditions. Pollen traps were collected and screened for presence of GFP-tagged pollen using fluorescence microscopy. Progeny from wild type plants were screened with a hand held ultraviolet light for detection of the GFP phenotype.
Effect of Cocaine on Chemokine and CCR- 5 Gene Expression by Mononuclear Cells from Normal Donors and HIV-1 Infected Patients

Although the CD4 molecule is the primary receptor for HIV-1, several studies have shown that in addition to CD4, other co-receptors such as CCR3, CCR5 may be required for efficient viral entry. Recent studies show that HIV suppressing such as, RANTES, and can bind to HIV-1 entry co-receptors, and, therefore, are important host factors that can influence susceptibility to M-tropic HIV-1 (Broder and Cocchi). Cocaine is one of the most widely abused drugs in the U.S. The last decade has witnessed a great, entangled epidemic of cocaine abuse and HIV-1 infections. Several studies have described the association of cocaine use with susceptibility to and progression of HIV-1 infections (Donahoe, Webber and Bagasra). We hypothesize that cocaine can mediate these pathologic effects through modulation of HIV suppressing chemokine and their receptors. The present study examines the effect of cocaine on synthesis by lymphocytes from normal and HIV infected subjects and and CCR 5 gene expression by normal PBMC.
Domesticity and modernization

In May 1940, a smartly dressed African American woman from Winston-Salem, North Carolina disembarked at Cape Town harbor. The war in Europe had postponed her trip to South Africa and her upcoming marriage to A.B. Xuma, a highly respected physician who was soon to become President of the African National Congress (ANC), the country's main nationalist organization. Well-educated and anxious to contribute her experience to the cause of black progress in her adopted country, Madie Hall Xuma revitalized the ANC Women's League and became its first President. But equally important, she founded a network of women's organizations, the Zenzele (“do it yourself”) clubs. With a strongly domestic focus during the 1940s and a greater emphasis on social service after their affiliation with the international YWCA in the 1950s, these clubs formed the center of Xuma's life in South Africa, creating the legacy most commonly attached to her name. In an interview in 1963, just before Hall left South Africa after her husband's death, she elaborated on how she perceived domestic skills: In the past twenty years there has been a wonderful change in African homes, despite the low income. The women can prepare meals and entertain with confidence and they often do so. High teas, morning teas, luncheons etc. are prepared by them and served beautifully. They have also learnt how to dress, with right colour combinations, and how to sit, stand and walk correctly. When buying furniture for their tiny homes, they choose carefully, giving attention to design and colour. Although the Zenzele clubs conveyed new domestic expertise and ideas about gracious living, Hall stressed the longer-term personal significance of these accomplishments. The clubs, she believed, gave women enhanced confidence and knowledge of how to run an organization and raise funds, and a new collective identity as sophisticated homemakers. Women's accounts of their activities best convey the meaning of this experience. In 1947, R. Msweli, a founding member, wrote from the Johannesburg neighborhood of Sophiatown about her new level of self-assurance: The development the Club has roused in me could be the following:- (i) It has improved me socially and mentally (ii) It has removed inferiority complex in my person (iii) It has taught me to work cooperatively (iv) It has enable [sic] me to depend on myself regarding home management.
Ceapins are a new class of unfolded protein response inhibitors, selectively targeting the ATF6α branch

Newly made proteins must be folded into specific three-dimensional shapes before they can perform their roles in cells. Many proteins are folded in a cell compartment called the endoplasmic reticulum. The cell closely monitors the quality of the work done by this compartment. If the endoplasmic reticulum has more proteins to fold than it can handle, unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate and trigger a stress response called the unfolded protein response. This increases the capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum to fold proteins to match the demand. However, if the stress persists, then the unfolded protein response instructs the cell to die to protect the rest of the body. A protein called ATF6α is one of three branches of the unfolded protein response. This protein is found in the endoplasmic reticulum where it is inactive. Endoplasmic stress causes ATF6α to move from the endoplasmic reticulum to another compartment called the Golgi apparatus. There, two enzymes cut ATF6α to release a fragment of the protein that then moves to the nucleus to increase the production of the machinery needed to fold proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Errors in protein folding can cause serious diseases in humans and other animals. Drugs that target ATF6α might be able to regulate part of the unfolded protein response to treat these diseases. However, no drugs that act on ATF6α had been identified. Now, two groups of researchers have independently identified small molecules that specifically target ATF6α. Gallagher et al. screened over 100,000 compounds for their ability to reduce the activity of ATF6α-regulated genes. The experiments reveal that a class of small molecules termed Ceapins can selectively block the activity of ATF6α during endoplasmic reticulum stress, but had no effect on other proteins involved in the unfolded protein response. Furthermore, when human cells experiencing stress were treated with Ceapins, a greater number of cells died in comparison to cells that had not received Ceapins. An accompanying study by Gallagher and Walter reports on the mechanism by which Ceapins act on ATF6α. Independently, Plate et al. identified a type of small molecule that can activate ATF6. Together, the findings of Gallagher et al. and Plate et al. may lead to the development of new drugs for treating diseases associated with incorrect protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Abstract 362: A homogeneous bioluminescent succinate assay for detection of jumonjiC domain-containing histone demethylase activities

JumonjiC domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (JMJCs) play a pivotal role in determining the epigenetic status of the genome, leading to either transcriptional repression or activation of target genes by counteracting the activities of histone lysine methyltransferases. Because of their implication in cancer, they have become validated drug targets. Therefore, assays for this enzyme subfamily are desirable in order to facilitate the identification of selective and potent inhibitors for drug discovery and as basic research tools. Since succinate is one of the products of the demethylation reaction catalyzed by these enzymes, an assay that detects succinate would be suitable for monitoring all JMJC activities as well as other succinate-forming enzymes (i.e.: dioxygenases). Thus, a bioluminescent and homogenous succinate detection assay for measuring JMJC activity was developed, and it is performed in a two-step format that relies on converting the succinate product to ATP, and then to light in a robust luciferase reaction. The light output is proportional to succinate concentration from low nM to 15μM, and the assay is highly sensitive and robust, two features that are highly desirable and essential for measuring the activity of the majority of JMJC demethylase subfamilies. Therefore, the succinate detection assay is a simple-to-use method that does not require antibodies or modified substrates. Examples of various applications of this succinate detection assay will be presented, including studies on specificity of different substrates by diverse JMJCs, as well as mode of action studies using specific inhibitors. The development of this succinate detection assay will make it possible to investigate a large number of JMJC demethylases and could have significant impact on diverse areas of Epigenetics research. Citation Format: Juliano Alves, Said Goueli, Hicham Zegzouti. A homogeneous bioluminescent succinate assay for detection of jumonjiC domain-containing histone demethylase activities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 362.
Genetic Technologies and Causal Variant Discovery

The widespread availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed our understanding of human genetic variation and its impact on human health. This chapter describes the most common DNA sequencing technologies available to research and clinical laboratories today, and resources for interpreting the functional impact of genetic variants identified with these technologies. Targeted genetic capture techniques were developed to dramatically decrease the cost of determining variant genotypes, although as prices decrease many of the advantages of targeted experiments diminish. Targeted whole exome sequencing is used to identify variants that alter the amino acid sequence of a protein. Sequencing can also be performed for the whole genome, enabling the identification of variants that fall within non-coding regions, which might alter the expression of a gene by disrupting regulatory sequences such as transcription factor binding sites. Careful consideration of the study design, particularly the use of prior knowledge about the phenotype in question, family history, and the availability of affected and unaffected family members, increases the chances that meaningful results are obtained. Identifying variants in the short, error-prone sequencing reads generated by modern technologies is challenging, although software packages exist that mitigate the most common types of errors. The most difficult task in analyzing results is interpreting the functional impact of putative variants and differentiating between clinically reportable variants and variants of unknown significance (VUS) or variants within genes of unknown significance (GUS). Additional information, such as population allele frequencies, genetic inheritance patterns, and functional genomics data, can help to identify the variants most likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis.
Differential Binding of Plasminogen, Plasmin, and Angiostatin4.5 to Cell Surface β-Actin: Implications for Cancer-Mediated Angiogenesis.

Angiostatin4.5 (AS4.5), the naturally occurring human angiostatin isoform, is the product of plasmin autoproteolysis and consists of kringles 1 to 4 and ~85% of kringle 5. An important question related to tumor angiogenesis is the mechanism by which tumor cells convert plasminogen to angiostatin locally and yet the angiostatin acts systemically. We recently reported that cancer cell surface globular β-actin mediates plasmin autoproteolysis to AS4.5. We now characterize the binding of plasminogen, plasmin and AS4.5 to globular β-actin. Plasminogen and plasmin bind comparably to immobilized globular β-actin, with a KD of approximately 140 nM. The binding is inhibited by e-aminocaproic acid (EACA), a lysine analog, indicating the requirement for a lysine-kringle domain interaction. Using a series of peptides derived from β-actin in competitive binding studies, we show that the actin domain necessary for binding of plasminogen is within “GDEAQSKRGILTLKY”, (amino acids 55 to 69), which includes lys61 and lys68. Substitution of lys61 or Lys68 with arginine results in the loss of the peptide’s ability to block plasminogen binding, indicating that lys61 and Lys68 are necessary for plasminogen binding. Other actin peptides, including peptides with other lysines, did not inhibit the plasminogen-actin interaction. While plasminogen and plasmin bind to actin efficiently, AS4.5 did not bind, even at high concentrations (500 nM). Plasminogen, plasmin, and AS4.5 all contain kringles 1–4, however, kringle 5 is truncated in AS4.5, suggesting that the kringle 5 is the domain by which plasminogen and plasmin bind to actin. We thus tested pure recombinant kringle 5 for its ability to specifically bind actin. Isolated kringle 5 was shown to bind to actin supporting the hypothesis that intact kringle 5 is necessary for plasminogen and plasmin to bind to cell surface β-actin, and the truncated kringle 5 in AS4.5 results in its release from β-actin. We propose the following paradigm: Plasminogen binds cell surface globular β-actin, where uPA mediates activation to plasmin which remains bound to actin. Actin then mediates plasmin autoproteolysis, with an intra-kringle 5 cleavage, resulting in AS4.5 formation. With the truncation of kringle 5, the AS4.5 dissociates from the surface actin and enters the systemic circulation. These data may help explain why AS4.5 is formed locally, on cancer cell surfaces, and yet acts systemically.
Cardiac Arrhythmias Resulting from a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature

We present two cases of patients being treated for diabetic ketoacidosis in the intensive care unit who experienced cardiac arrhythmia secondary to peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). In one instance, the patient became bradycardic and experienced related loss of consciousness, ultimately requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the second case, the patient experienced an episode of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. We explore the various types of arrhythmias that have been reported secondary to central venous catheters, as well as factors that place patients at an increased risk for arrhythmia while undergoing PICC insertion. Furthermore, we look at the literature for methods to improve the insertion of PICC lines by decreasing the risk of catheter over-insertion as well as the effects of training for PICC placement.
Revised perspectives on Devonian biozonation and environmental volatility in the wake of recent time-scale revisions

Abstract Revised time-scales for the Devonian Period have highlighted major discrepancies in the frequency of evolutionary, eustatic, carbon cycle, and biotic events. The number of conodont biozones per million years shows strong variation among stages. Using two alternative time scales, the lowest values are in the Emsian and highest in the Givetian, Frasnian, and Famennian stages. A similar result is obtained by dividing the Devonian time scale into 12 equal 5-million year bins and determining the number of conodont zonal subdivisions in each bin. The record of ammonoid biozones also shows interesting parallels. The acuity of biostratigraphic zonation and zonal subdivisions appears to be correlative with the frequency of environmental perturbations, including eustatic, positive carbon isotopic excursions, and hypoxic/anoxic related bioevents, and these are similarly unevenly distributed. All calculations of environmental volatility metrics show the late Eifelian through early Frasnian to be the most volatile interval of the Devonian, followed by the mid-late Famennian, while the Lochkovian through Emsian and mid-Frasnian through early Famennian are the least volatile. Furthermore, the majority of major bioevents occur in the Eifelian through early Frasnian, and late Famennian. The strong evidence for higher biotic and environmental volatility in the late Eifelian through early Frasnian and late Famennian rock record corresponds to the coolest paleoclimate conditions in the Devonian according to recent conodont apatite δ18O compilations, and the transition from an overall cooling to warming paleotemperature trend during the mid-Givetian. Regardless of mechanism, strong variations in volatility occurred during the Devonian Period. Intervals with greater biostratigraphic resolution also show much stronger environmental volatility including a series of relatively quasi-stable conditions punctuated by major turnovers with abrupt sea-level rise, widespread hypoxia, and changes in the carbon cycle. It was during these intervals that much net evolutionary and ecological change appears to have taken place.
Population Trends for Eastern Scrub-Shrub Birds Related to Availability of Small-Diameter Upland Hardwood Forests

Early successional habitats are an important part of the forest landscape for supporting avian communities. As the frequency and extent of the anthropogenic disturbances have declined, suitable habitat for scrub-shrub bird species also has decreased, resulting in significant declines for many species. We related changes in the proportion and distribution of small-diameter upland hardwood forest throughout the eastern USA (US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data) with North American Breeding Bird Survey data (US Geological Survey) on population trends of 11 species that use early successional hardwood forest. The availability of small-diameter upland hardwood forest has changed over the past four decades, with the biggest differences seen as declines from the 1990s to the 2000s. Most scrub-shrub species also declined since the inception of the Breeding Bird Survey in 1966. The declines in most of the bird species, however, did not closely track the changes in small-diameter forest availability. Scrub-shrub birds use a variety of habitats that originate from a diverse array of disturbance sources. The total availability of these habitats across the region apparently limits the populations for these species. A comprehensive management strategy across all of these types is required to conserve these species.
Abstract 2006: Tobacco smoke-induced Marcks phosphorylation promotes inflammatory and stemness properties in lung cancer

Exposure to tobacco smoke is a major risk factor associated with lung cancer development and progression; however, the mechanisms of how tobacco smoke activates pathways promoting cancer malignancy remain to be established. Previously, phosphorylation of MARCKS at Ser159/163 (phospho-MARCKS) was shown to promote malignancy of neoplastic disease, but it is still unclear how phospho-MARCKS is upregulated in lung cancer. Herein, we investigated if phospho-MARCKS is elevated in response to smoke exposure and plays a key role in smoke-related lung cancer. In a screen of 200 patients with lung cancer, we confirmed that strong phospho-MARCKS staining was observed in lung cancer specimens from smokers and was positively correlated, as compared to non-smokers. In addition, we demonstrated that increased smoking pack-year was noted in lung cancer patients with high phospho-MARCKS. Surprisingly, there is an apparent trend that patients with both tobacco use and high phospho-MARCKS levels had the worst overall survival. MARCKS was found to become activated in airway epithelium and lung cancer in response to smoke both in vitro and in vivo. MARCKS inhibition significantly attenuated smoke-induced oncosphere formation and migratory capability. Mechanistically, upregulation of phospho-MARCKS by smoke occurred in parallel with increased inflammatory cytokine expression (e.g. TNF-α, IL-8) and stemness marker expression (e.g. Oct4, Nanog, CD133, Sox2). Conversely, targeting of MARCKS phosphorylation with the MPS peptide resulted in down-regulation of smoke-induced stemness and cytokine genes. Our data suggests that phospho-MARCKS plays a role in modulating smoke-mediated lung cancer progression and is a potential prognostic biomarker in smoke-related lung cancer. Citation Format: David C. Yang, Yichin Wu, Mu-Jen Huang, Kent E. Pinkerton, Reen Wu, Ching-Hsien Chen. Tobacco smoke-induced Marcks phosphorylation promotes inflammatory and stemness properties in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2006.
Sustained Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier with Progressive Accumulation of White Matter Hyperintensities Following Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: To report a patient in whom an acute ischemic stroke precipitated chronic blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and expansion of vascular white matter hyperintensities (WMH) into regions of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) during the following year. Background: WMH are a common finding in patients with vascular risk factors such as a history of stroke. The pathophysiology of WMH is not fully understood; however, there is growing evidence to suggest that the development of WMH may be preceded by the BBB disruption in the NAWM. Methods: We studied a patient enrolled in the National Institutes of Health Natural History of Stroke Study who was scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after presenting to the emergency room with an acute stroke. After a treatment with IV tPA, she underwent further MRI scanning at 2 h, 24 h, 5 days, 30 days, 90 days, 6 months, and 1-year post stroke. BBB permeability images were generated from the perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) source images. MRIs from each time point were co-registered to track changes in BBB disruption and WMH over time. Results: An 84-year-old woman presented after acute onset right hemiparesis, right-sided numbness and aphasia with an initial NIHSS of 13. MRI showed diffusion restriction in the left frontal lobe and decreased blood flow on perfusion imaging. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging showed bilateral confluent WMH involving the deep white matter and periventricular regions. She was treated with IV tPA without complication and her NIHSS improved initially to 3 and ultimately to 0. Permeability maps identified multiple regions of chronic BBB disruption remote from the acute stroke, predominantly spanning the junction of WMH and NAWM. The severity of BBB disruption was greatest at 24 h after the stroke but persisted on subsequent MRI scans. Progression of WMH into NAWM over the year of observation was detected bilaterally but was most dramatic in the regions adjacent to the initial stroke. Conclusions: WMH-associated BBB disruption may be exacerbated by an acute stroke, even in the contralateral hemisphere, and can persist for months after the initial event. Transformation of NAWM to WMH may be evident in areas of BBB disruption within a year after the stroke. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between chronic BBB disruption and progressive WMH in patients with a history of cerebrovascular disease and the potential for acute stroke to trigger or exacerbate the process leading to the development of WMH.
Distributed Proportional-Integral Observers for Fault Detection and Isolation

This paper considers fault detection and isolation in a distributed setting with agents under consensus dynamics. The distributed fault detection and isolation problem is introduced along with system models to represent nominal and faulty conditions. It is shown that the proportional-integral observer (PIO) effectively estimates the fault signal in an agent and that it can be used for residual generation and fault isolation. The conditions under which fault isolation is achievable are derived as a function of the distributed topology of the agents in the network. An LMI is derived that can be used to conveniently obtain the residual generator gains. The distributed PIO design approach is illustrated with an example.
A heuristic for the relationship between caring coaching and elite athlete performance

While the topic of caring coaching and its relationship to performance has been explored by researchers mainly in the UK, it has been neglected in the US with the exception of three studies by Fish...
Isolation and Characterization of the Viral RNA Dependent RNA Polymerases from Cells Infected with Either the Mahoney or Sabin Attenuated (LSc,2ab) Strains of Poliovirus Type 1

The poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was isolated from cells infected with either the Sabin (LSC,2ab) or Mahoney strains of type 1 poliovirus. Both polymerases had similar levels of activity on all templates tested. Increasing the reaction temperature decreased the activity of both polymerases. No significant difference was found in the temperature sensitivity of the two enzymes. The size of the product RNA was measured by electrophoresis in CH3HgOH-agarose gels. Both enzymes were shown to synthesize full-sized product RNA and to have similar elongation rates at 30°C. Thus no significant difference was found between the in vitro activities of the two polymerases.
Acquisition of Volumetric Models of Skull Base Anatomy Using Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches: 3D Scanning of Deep Corridors Via Photogrammetry.

Objective In this study we aim to evaluate the feasibility of creating volumetric models of highly intricate skull-base anatomy—previously not amenable to volumetric reconstruction—using endoscopic endonasal approaches. Methods Ten human cadaveric heads were dissected through the nasal corridor to expose anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossi structures and the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossi. A rigid endoscope with a 30° lens was used to capture the images. Subsequently, a photogrammetry software was used to align, smooth, and texturize the images into a complete 3-dimensional model. Results An average of 174 photographs were used to construct each model (n = 10). In the end, we achieved high-definition stereoscopic volumetric models of the nasal corridor; paranasal fossae; and anterior, middle and posterior fossae structures that preserved structural integrity. Strategic points of interests were labeled and animated for educational use. Conclusions Endoscopic volumetric models represent a new way to depict the anatomy of the skull base; their use with 3-dimensional technologies could potentially improve the visuospatial understanding of narrow surgical corridors for education and surgical-planning purposes.
American parents’ active engagement mediates the impact of background television on toddlers’ play

This secondary analysis examined the extent to which parent engagement mediates the impact of adult-directed background television (BTV) on toddlers’ toy play. Fifty-one children (12, 24, 36 mos) p...
Epitaxial stabilization versus interdiffusion: synthetic routes to metastable cubic HfO2 and HfV2O7 from the core-shell arrangement of precursors.

Metastable materials that represent excursions from thermodynamic minima are characterized by distinctive structural motifs and electronic structure, which frequently underpins new function. The binary oxides of hafnium present a rich diversity of crystal structures and are of considerable technological importance given their high dielectric constants, refractory characteristics, radiation hardness, and anion conductivity; however, high-symmetry tetragonal and cubic polymorphs of HfO2 are accessible only at substantially elevated temperatures (1720 and 2600 °C, respectively). Here, we demonstrate that the core–shell arrangement of VO2 and amorphous HfO2 promotes outwards oxygen diffusion along an electropositivity gradient and yields an epitaxially matched V2O3/HfO2 interface that allows for the unprecedented stabilization of the metastable cubic polymorph of HfO2 under ambient conditions. Free-standing cubic HfO2, otherwise accessible only above 2600 °C, is stabilized by acid etching of the vanadium oxide core. In contrast, interdiffusion under oxidative conditions yields the negative thermal expansion material HfV2O7. Variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction demonstrate that the prepared HfV2O7 exhibits pronounced negative thermal expansion in the temperature range between 150 and 700 °C. The results demonstrate the potential of using epitaxial crystallographic relationships to facilitate preferential nucleation of otherwise inaccessible metastable compounds.
Primary Care Physician Referral Patterns for Behavioral Health Diagnoses.

Objective:This study examined whether visits to primary care physicians (PCPs) by patients with a primary behavioral health diagnosis were more likely to be associated with referral to another phys...
Developing a Family Achievement Guilt Scale Grounded in First-Generation College Student Voices.

As the first in their families to attend college, first-generation students plausibly experience family achievement guilt—socioemotional distress related to “leaving family members” to attend colle...
Gender, Sex, and the Role of Stereotypes in Evaluations of Hillary Clinton and the 2016 Presidential Candidates

The prevalence of gender stereotypes in US politics is well documented, yet questions remain: do voters think of presidential candidates in gendered terms and, if so, is there a connection to suppo...
Perceiving opportunities for legal and illegal profit: Machiavellianism and the Dark Triad

Abstract Fraud poses a serious problem. Research has demonstrated that both situational and individual factors contribute to this problem. Although those high in manipulation are likely to commit fraud, a strategic orientation may increase one's perceptions of fraud opportunities. We examined whether individuals high in Machiavellianism perceived more opportunities to commit fraud above and beyond the other Dark Triad traits. We provided participants (n = 734) with a procurement scenario and asked them to list how many legal and illegal opportunities they saw for additional profit. At the correlational level, individuals high in Machiavellianism listed more illegal opportunities for profit. Further, when controlling for the overlap among Dark Triad traits, Machiavellianism was associated with listing more legal and illegal opportunities for profit. These findings have implications for differentiating the Dark Triad, with an emphasis on the strategic thinking associated with Machiavellianism. These findings also have implications for the dispositional tendencies towards committing fraud and the patterns that may emerge.
A 67-Year-Old Woman With Abdominal Pain, Paresthesia, and Rapidly Expanding Lung Nodule.

Case Presentation A 67-year-old woman with a medical history significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, OSA, and schizophrenia was admitted multiple times the previous 3 months for generalized abdominal pain. Her most recent admission was unique for new onset bilateral upper and lower extremity weakness with paresthesia. Pertinent review of systems included malaise, fever, cough, left lower quadrant pain without weight loss, and rash. Previous evaluation included multiple CT scans of her abdomen that revealed colonic thickening. Ensuing colonoscopy revealed chronic ulcers with cytopathic changes consistent with cytomegalovirus.
Designing a Neuropsychological Test Battery

In designing a test battery there is a need for a comprehensive evaluation, but not a need for an exhaustive exam which attempts to test everything. The exam is best focused for a variety of reasons. First, and most obvious, is time. Even when working for the defense, there are often time limits placed on how much contact one can have with an inmate, both as a practical issue for the prison and the neuropsychologist, as well as the effective use of the overall time for the case which is set by the referral source. Adding unnecessary evaluations will take away from those aspects of an evaluation that are necessary and the most useful. In addition, tests which require extensive equipment generally do not perform well within the prison setting where testing rooms may be very primitive (depending on your location of course). Issues of confidentiality of test equipment must also be considered since one is rarely in a setting where there is not some level of observation when working with violent criminals accused or murder.
The Common Core Standards

In 2009, the NGA hired the company Student Achievement to develop curriculum standards that are “robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers” (CCSSO, 2010, p. 1). These standards were designed to prepare students to compete successfully in the global market.
Life History Theory

Life history is a general term for the sequence of fitness-related events and processes occurring during the life of an individual, such as growth, survival and reproduction. Life history theory is a branch of ecology and evolutionary biology that aims to predict and explain the observed patterns in life histories of living organisms. Keywords: life cycle; reproduction; survival; trade-offs
Donor Oocyte Cytoplasmic Transfer Did Not Enhance Implantation of Embryos of Women with Poor Ovarian Reserve

Purpose : To determine whether donor oocyte cytoplasm transferred into the oocytes of women ≥40 years or with diminished ovarian reserve would enhance embryo quality, implantation, or pregnancy rates. Methods : Study subjects included women ≥40 years (15) or with abnormal FSH levels (3). Healthy volunteers (18) produced oocytes for cryopreservation. Donor oocytes were thawed and cytoplasm from surviving oocytes was injected with a single sperm into the cytoplasm of recipient oocytes. Outcome measures included embryo quality scores, implantation, and pregnancy rates. Results : Eighteen donors produced 213 oocytes for cryopreservation and 39/171 (22.8%) survived thawing. Eighteen recipients initiated 25 IVF cycles with embryo transfer in 20 cycles after cytoplasmic transfer (CT). Four cycles resulted in three biochemical losses and one aneuploid clinical loss. Embryo quality did not improve with CT compared to pre-CT IVF cycles in six recipients. Conclusions : CT with cryopreserved donor oocyte cytoplasm did not enhance success in women with advanced reproductive age or low ovarian reserve.
Ethnicity in Michigan: Issues and People

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jack Glazier and mp; Arthur W. Helweg Year: 2001 Pages: 91 Publisher: Michigan State University Press
Improving America's access to care: The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research addresses oral health disparities

ABSTRACT Background and Overview The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, or NIDCR, in 2001 sponsored the establishment of Centers for Research to Reduce Oral Health Disparities. The centers are based at Boston University; New York University; the University of Michigan; the University of Washington; and the University of California, San Francisco. Reflecting the importance of research to reduce disparities, the centers, along with related grants, represent one of the largest financial commitments ever made by the NIDCR. The centers are sponsored in part by the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities, or NCMHHD. Each of the five centers has forged partnerships that include ties with dental societies, state and local health agencies, community and migrant health centers, American Indian tribal nations and institutions that serve other diverse patient populations. Conclusions and Clinical Implications This network is attempting to address the needs of communities with poor oral health. A major part of the effort of these new centers is to build community networks and establish long-term relationships. Center investigators also recognize that solutions to these vexing problems must be built on an understanding of the social, economic, racial, educational, political and behavioral factors that affect most health care issues.
Global transcription of CRISPR loci in the human oral cavity

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) are active in acquired resistance against bacteriophage and plasmids in a number of environments. In the human mouth, CRISPR loci evolve to counteract oral phage, but the expression of these CRISPR loci has not previously been investigated. We sequenced cDNA from CRISPR loci found in numerous different oral bacteria and compared with oral phage communities to determine whether the transcription of CRISPR loci is specifically targeted towards highly abundant phage present in the oral environment. We found that of the 529,027 CRISPR spacer groups studied, 88 % could be identified in transcripts, indicating that the vast majority of CRISPR loci in the oral cavity were transcribed. There were no strong associations between CRISPR spacer repertoires and oral health status or nucleic acid type. We also compared CRISPR repertoires with oral bacteriophage communities, and found that there was no significant association between CRISPR transcripts and oral phage, regardless of the CRISPR type being evaluated. We characterized highly expressed CRISPR spacers and found that they were no more likely than other spacers to match oral phage. By reassembling the CRISPR-bearing reads into longer CRISPR loci, we found that the majority of the loci did not have spacers matching viruses found in the oral cavities of the subjects studied. For some CRISPR types, loci containing spacers matching oral phage were significantly more likely to have multiple spacers rather than a single spacer matching oral phage. These data suggest that the transcription of oral CRISPR loci is relatively ubiquitous and that highly expressed CRISPR spacers do not necessarily target the most abundant oral phage.
Electron mobility enhancement in strained-Si n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

Enhanced performance is demonstrated in n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with channel regions formed by pseudomorphic growth of strained Si on relaxed Si/sub 1/spl minus/x/Ge/sub x/. Standard MOS fabrication techniques were utilized, including thermal oxidation of the strained Si. Surface channel devices show low-field mobility enhancements of 80% at room temperature and 12% at 10 K, when compared to control devices fabricated in Czochralski Si. Similar enhancements are observed in the device transconductance. In addition, buried channel devices show peak room temperature mobilities about three times that of control devices. >
Annual cycles in worker size of the seed-harvester antVeromessor pergandei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The seed-harvester antVeromessor pergandei Mayr is primitively polymorphic; workers are monophasically allometric. There is a distinct annual cycle in mean worker body size that replicates across colonies and habitats (Fig. 1); this cycle occurs through alteration of the worker size distribution (Fig. 2). There is little, if any, morphspecific task specialization by workers suggesting worker size variance is a colony-level adaptation permitting maintenance of a large and constant worker force during periods of resource fluctuation. Smaller workers appear in the foraging force following the “triple crunch” of reduced seed availability, reduced favorable times to forage, and alate production during winter months. Adult and startingV. pergandei colonies exhibit strong intraspecific territoriality, suggesting the selective advantage for maintenance of a large and constant worker force. Such selective pressures may have provided the initial variance in worker size distributions that led subsequently to specialized castespecific task performance in more distinctly polymorphic ant species.