cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic states in disordered alloys. II. Results for real solids

Some coherent-potential-approximation calculations on real disordered solids are reviewed and used to demonstrate general insights that have been obtained about the behavior of electrons in such systems. Some of the efforts to go beyond the coherent potential approximation are described.
An efficient and ecofriendly oxidation of alkenes using iron nitrate and molecular oxygen

An environmentally friendly solventless oxidation of alkenes is accomplished efficiently using relatively benign iron nitrate as catalyst in the presence of molecular oxygen under pressurized conditions.
Effect of High but Nontoxic Dietary Intake of Copper and Selenium on Metabolism in Calves

Sixteen male Holstein calves in a 2 X 2 factorial design with four animals per treatment were fed 0 and 100 ppm supplemental copper from copper carbonate and 0 and 1 ppm added selenium from sodium selenite for 15 days in a practical diet containing .1 ppm selenium and 15 ppm copper. On day 13, calves received an oral dose of selenium-75 and were sacrificed 48 h later. Feed consumption, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatine phosphokinase, and stable copper in blood and urine were unaffected by diets. Stable copper in pancreas, spleen, kidney, muscle, and spinal cord along with selenium-75 in lung, pancreas, liver, heart, and muscle also were unaffected. In calves fed high selenium, selenium-75 was lower in blood, kidney, and spinal cord, and more was excreted in the urine, indicating less retention. Urine was the major excretory pathway of excess selenium-75. Liverstable copper was greater for high copper diets. Stable copper in the lung was higher in calves fed high selenium-high copper than in either control or calves fed high copper. Stable copper was greater in heart tissue in both groups fed high selenium than in controls and slightly higher than the group fed high copper.
The enthalpies of fusion and transition and X-ray powder patterns of 20 DI-n-alkylarsinic acids

Abstract The enthalpies and temperatures of fusion and of transition for twenty arsinic acids, R 2 As(O)OH, have been measured by DTA, where R = n -alkyl, CH 3 through n -C 20 H 41 inclusive. A crystalline transition occurs for acids n -C 6 H 13 through n -C 20 H 41 , but not for CH 3 through n -C 5 H 11 . The enthalpies of transition vary from 3.9 kcal/mole (C 6 ) to 12.2 kcal/mole (C 17 ), and show an alternation with change from an even acid to an odd acid. The enthalpies of melting show a reverse alternation, so that the total enthalpy of fusion plus transition does not show a regular pattern of alternation. The X-ray powder patterns for the twenty acids have also been obtained, as well as single crystal data for the C 4 and C 8 acids. These data indicate that all of the compounds crystallize in the triclinic system and that the [010] spacing of the cell chosen increases regularly with chain length.
Caudate-capsular-induced modulation of single-unit activity in mesencephalic reticular formation.

Abstract Fifty-five sites in and around the caudate nucleus were stimulated at low frequencies to determine their effects on single-unit activity in the mesencephalic reticular formation. Ninety-two units in 15 acutely prepared cats were isolated. Twenty-nine units were inhibited by forebrain stimulation, 15 were excited,and 16 showed both excitation and inhibition. Excitatory influences occurred with a short latency; inhibitory effects had a longer latency. The most effective sites in producing these unit effects were located in the periphery of the caudate nucleus and in the region of the internal capsule and cortex that borders the caudate nucleus by about 1 mm. The effectiveness of a site in modulating unit activity was related to whether that site produced a spindle discharge recorded from the cortex. Ninety-two per cent of the sites that produced a spindle also produced unit effects, whereas only 31 per cent of the nonspindle sites affected units. The type of response produced in a given RF unit appeared to be a property of the unit and not of the site in the forebrain being stimulated. It was concluded that a forebrain excitatory mechanism influences mesencephalic units via a fast-conducting direct pathway; a forebrain inhibitory mechanism influences mesencephalic units via a slow-conducting or multisynaptic pathway (perhaps both); and behavioral effects produced by low-frequency caudate and capsular stimulation may be mediated by an alteration or perhaps disruption of the ongoing neuronal activity in the mesencephalic arousal system.
A Tutte-style proof of Brylawski's tensor product formula

We provide a new proof of Brylawski's formula for the Tutte polynomial of the tensor product of two matroids. Our proof involves extending Tutte's formula, expressing the Tutte polynomial using a calculus of activities, to all polynomials involved in Brylawski's formula. The approach presented here may be used to show a signed generalization of Brylawski's formula, which may be used to compute the Jones polynomial of some large non-alternating knots. Our proof inspires an extension of Brylawski's formula to the case when the pointed element is a factor.
Reverse Inference in Neuropsychology

Reverse inference in cognitive neuropsychology has been characterized as inference to ‘psychological processes’ from ‘patterns of activation’ revealed by functional magnetic resonance or other scan...
Decreased cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate and guanylate cyclase activity in leprechaunism: evidence for a postreceptor defect.

Patients with leprechaunism have hyperinsulinemia and extreme insulin resistance. The mechanism of the insulin resistance has not been delineated. To examine postreceptor events in this unusual syndrome we have assayed the enzyme guanylate cyclase [E.C.4.6.12], which is modulated by insulin, and the concentration of the intracellular messenger cyclic GMP in liver from two children with leprechaunism and extreme insulin resistance. Both patients exhibited down regulation of the red blood cell insulin receptors, but normal insulin receptor binding to Ebstein-Barr transformed IM-9 lymphocytes and monocytes. There was no evidence of antireceptor or antiinsulin antibodies. Activity of liver guanylate cyclase expressed as pmol/mg protein/10 min incubation in the soluble and particulate fractions were, respectively, Ark-1 133 +/- 18, 25 +/- 6; Ark-2 129 +/- 17, 23 +/- 8; control children (six average) 287 +/- 16, 55 +/- 9. The concentration of cyclic GMP was also 50% lower (0.08 +/- 0.03 in Ark-1 and 0.07 +/- 0.04 in Ark-2), compared to 0.19 +/- 0.07 pmol/mg protein/min in the control livers. There was no change in adenylate cyclase activity in children with leprechaunism versus the control children. These data suggest an abnormality of a postreceptor event in this rare genetic disease. These data, however, do not rule out that in some cases of leprechaunism a receptor binding abnormality may be the primary defect. We speculate that a defect in insulin action distal to plasma membrane receptor binding may be etiological in this unusual syndrome.
Dynamics of unentangled cyclic and linear poly(oxyethylene) melts

Abstract Monodisperse low-molecular-weight (400–1500 g/mol) cyclic poly(oxyethylene)s (CPOE)s were synthesized from linear dihydroxy-terminated poly(oxyethylene)s (LPOE)s. The self-diffusion, NMR spin–spin relaxation, and zero-shear viscosity of CPOE and LPOE, as well as linear dimethoxy-terminated poly(oxyethylene) (LPOEDE), were measured in the melt state. The self-diffusion coefficients measured at 56 °C were ordered in the following sequence: LPOEDE > CPOE > LPOE, which is in excellent agreement with NMR spin–spin relaxation and viscosity data. The slower motion of LPOE compared to LPOEDE was attributed to chain-end hydrogen bonding. Scaling relations with molecular weight and activation energies were reconciled with chain-end and topological effects.
Graphs and Zero-Divisors.

The last ten years have seen an explosion of research in the zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings—by professional mathematicians and undergraduates. The objective is to find algebraic informati...
Secondary nucleation in a class II system: Ammonium sulfate-water

Secondary nucleation at low supersaturation for the ammonium sulfate-water system was studied using a seeded continuous crystallizer. Counter size distribution measurements in the subsieve size range indicated that nuclei are formed by microattrition of seed crystals and that the growth rate of the nuclei is very small. Nucleaion rate was correlated with the characteristics of the secondary environment. The results of this correlation, which shows strong dependence on stirring rate and essentially linear dependence on solids concentration, indicate that secondary nuclei are generated by collisions of the seed crystals with the impeller blades.
Impact of Left Ventricular Assist Device Bridging on Posttransplant Outcomes

Background Bridge to heart transplantation with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can be a promising therapy for patients who are not effectively stabilized with conservative measures. However, referral for LVAD therapy may be limited secondary to reports of poor outcomes when mechanical circulatory support is required before transplantation. Methods A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate outcomes in United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) status 1 heart transplant recipients who were bridged to transplant with an implantable LVAD or with intravenous inotropes only from 1994 to 2007. Preoperative characteristics, posttransplant survival, and postoperative complications were compared between 86 patients with an implantable LVAD and 173 patients bridged with intravenous inotropes only. Results The patients had similar baseline characteristics and pretransplant hemodynamics. Hemodynamics in the LVAD group, as measured by cardiac index, pulmonary vascular resistance, central venous pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, significantly improved during mechanical support. Short-term and long-term posttransplant survival and the incidence of posttransplant infectious complications and rejection episodes during the first year was similar. The incidence of posttransplant renal dysfunction was higher in patients bridged with inotropes. Conclusions Patients bridged to transplant with a LVAD represent a subset of UNOS status 1 patients who deteriorated on intravenous inotropic therapy. Bridging to heart transplantation with an implantable LVAD provides comparable outcomes to similar status 1 patients who were stabilized on inotropic infusions only. In contrast with International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation data, no increase in posttransplant morbidity or mortality occurred in LVAD-bridged patients.
Experiments with Safe ARTMAP and Comparisons to Other ART Networks

Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) is currently considered as one of the premier neural network architectures in solving classification problems. Safe muARTMAP, a modified version of FAM, was introduced to remedy the category proliferation problem that has been extensively reported in the literature. However, Safe muARTMAP's performance depends on a number of parameters. In this paper, we analyzed each parameter to set up the candidate values for evaluation. We performed an exhaustive experimentation to identify good default values for these parameters for a variety of problems, and compared the best performing Safe muARTMAP network with other best performing ART networks, including those that claim to solve the category proliferation problem.
Television drama as a facilitator of prosocial behavior: “The Waltons”

(1979). Television drama as a facilitator of prosocial behavior: “The Waltons”. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 277-284.
Non-linear version of stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin mesh-free methods

A Stabilized Conforming (SC) nodal integration, which meets the integration constraint in the Galerkin meshfree approximation, is generalized for nonlinear problems. In SC nodal integration, a strain smoothing stabilization is introduced and applied to the deformation gradient using a Lagrangian meshfree discretization. The assumed strain method expressed in terms of deformation gradient is employed to formulate an efficient meshfree discrete equation for nonlinear problems. A significant gain in computational efficiency is achieved, as well as enhanced accuracy, in comparison to the solution of meshfree method using Gauss integration method. The performance of the proposed method appears to be quite robust when dealing with irregular discretization.
A timing model for vision-based control of industrial robot manipulators

Visual sensing for robotics has been around for decades, but our understanding of a timing model remains crude. By timing model, we refer to the delays (processing lag and motion lag) between "reality" (when a part is sensed), through data processing (the processing of image data to determine part position and orientation), through control (the computation and initiation of robot motion), through "arrival" (when the robot reaches the commanded goal). In this study, we introduce a timing model where sensing and control operate asynchronously. We apply this model to a robotic workcell consisting of a Sta/spl uml/ubli RX-130 industrial robot manipulator, a network of six cameras for sensing, and an off-the-shelf Adept MV-19 controller. We present experiments to demonstrate how the model can be applied.
ADOPTED GRANDPARENTS: A LINK BETWEEN THE PAST AND THE FUTURE

Since 1968, the Adopted Grandparents program has been a part of the curriculum for 6‐, 7‐, and 8‐year‐old pupils enrolled at P. K. Yonge Laboratory School. Residents of a nearby nursing home are “adopted grandparents. “The nursing home director reports that interaction with the children causes the adopted grandparents to show more interest in their appearance, have better appetites, and complain less. The children visit the old people on a regular continuous basis, two to three times a week. When they are not present, the rejuvenation of the “grandparents” carries over into a sharing with one another. Where previously the patients could find little to talk about together, they now have a common interest in the children. Conversation is enlivened as they are stimulated to recall highlights from their own lives. Some of those lives have been quite long—the average ranging from 75 to 80. Birthday celebrations in the high 90s are not uncommon, According to the children: “We go there a lot. It's a special day ...
Characteristic-based, time-dependent Maxwell equation solvers on a general curvilinear frame

Four cell-centered, finite-volume characteristic-based procedures for solving time-dependent, three-dimensional Maxwell equations on a general curvilinear frame are developed and implemented. On a spherical coordinate system, these methods generate simulations or an oscillating electric dipole without wave reflection from the truncated computational domain. Through a comparative study, it is established that an upwind-biased third-order scheme demonstrates less dispersive and dissipative errors than second-order schemes
Special issue for anthropology & medicine.

The contributions to this special issue of Anthropology & Medicine nearly all revolve around the questions of who has autonomy and authority in decision-making, and whose influence matters in attem...
Residual stress fields during fatigue crack growth

This study outlines the distinction between (1) residual stresses at an ideal crack tip, undergoing reversed deformation in the absence of crack closure, and (2) additional residual stresses generated due to plasticity induced closure upon fatigue crack growth. Residual stresses resulting from reversed deformation in plane strain were higher compared to the plane stress case, while residual stresses generated behind the crack tip were more significant in plane stress compared to plane strain. The origin of these residual stresses was studied for two specimen geometries over a wide range of loading conditions. We define a new crack tip parameter, Stt as the applied stress level that corresponds to the development of tensile stresses immediately ahead of crack tips. The Stt levels were significantly higher for a fatigue crack than for an ideal crack. We attribute the difference in Stt levels between these two cases to plasticity induced closure. The results demonstrate the importance of the Stt parameter, since the stresses ahead of crack tips could remain compressive even when the crack surfaces are open. Moreover, the study emphasizes the need, when describing fatigue crack growth, to incorporate both the closure concept and residual stress field ahead of a crack tip.
Planar filtered techniques for burst mode carrier synchronization

The author develops the ML estimator and the associated CRLB (Cramer-Rao lower bound) for a carrier with unknown frequency and phase. The CRLB can be used to derive a lower bound on the total phase error resulting from joint phase and frequency estimation. The ML estimator provides design guidelines for practical estimators. Several phase estimators are postulated and investigated. A practical, digitally implemented, planar filtered carrier synchronizer based on the structure of the ML estimator developed is presented. >
Is the greenhouse theory a fallacy? A paleontological paradox

Over a hundred years ago, Svante Arrhenius (1896), building on earlier work of the French physicist Joseph Fourier, Tyndall (1861), Langley (1884), and others, was the first to model quantitatively the effects of changes in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide on climate (Uppenbrink, 1996; Fleming, 1998). A “greenhouse theory”, or “hothouse theory” as it was then called (Arrhenius, 1908), thus was born and has stood the test of time pretty well since its 19th-century origins, despite falling out of favor for a brief period between 1900 and 1940 (Fleming, 1998). Quaternary ice-core records, now spanning four complete glacial-interglacial cycles (Petit et al., 1997), have provided the strongest support, to date, for the role of greenhouse gasses as primary drivers of global climate change rather than as mere feedback effects (Shackleton, 2000). A number of recent publications based on paleontological and geochemical proxy data sets, however, have challenged the notion that climate and atmospheric CO2 have been coupled throughout pre-Quaternary time (Pagani et al., 1999; Pearson and Palmer, 2000; Viezer et al., 2000; Royer et al., 2001). Intervals of extreme global warmth, such as the late Paleocene and early Eocene, appear to be associated with relatively low ambient CO2 concentrations (Royer et al., 2001), invoking alternative or additional mechanisms, such as altered ocean circulation, for high-latitude warmth during this interval. Similarly, the mid-Miocene climatic optimum (∼ 17 to ∼15 Ma), according to some proxy CO2 records, was not associated with high concentrations of greenhouse gasses (Pagani et al., 1999; Pearson and Palmer, 2000), but rather with concentrations lower than today. An apparent paradox has emerged—the pre-Quaternary history of CO2 and climate interaction, which once appeared to be relatively well coupled based on temporal correlation of …
Determination of interface state density in small-geometry MOSFETs by high-low-frequency transconductance method

A method for determining the interface state profile in small-geometry MOSFETs operating in the linear region is described. By comparing the measured high- and low-frequency transconductance of the MOSFET, the interface state density is determined. In addition, using a static drain current measurement, the surface potential can be related to the gate bias without knowledge of the doping profile in the channel. >
Trends in pediatric urolithiasis: patient characteristics, associated diagnoses, and financial burden.

The goal of this study was to examine national trends in hospitalization, emergency department (ED) utilization, secondary diagnoses, and charges associated with pediatric urolithiasis. Data were evaluated from the Kids’ Inpatient Database of the Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project (HCUP) database from 1997 to 2012 and the HCUP National ED Sample from 2006 to 2011. Pediatric nephrolithiasis discharges increased by 18 %, while ureterolithiasis discharges decreased by 17 %. Hospital charges increased by 20 % when accounting for inflation, despite an overall decrease in discharges by 2.5 %. Female patients and those aged 15–17 years were more commonly affected. Pediatric ED visits increased by 9 %. The most common secondary diagnoses during 2003–2009 were urinary tract infections (UTI) (13 %), asthma (9 %), epilepsy (4 %), and paralysis (4 %). Decreased hospitalizations and increased ED visits indicate a shift to outpatient care. Inpatient health care charges associated with pediatric urolithiasis continue to rise. Comorbidities include UTI, asthma, epilepsy, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and mood disorders. Because of the significant health care burden and the increased risk to children of developing long-term sequelae there is a strong need for increased research into the mechanism of this systemic inflammatory disease and improved therapeutic targets.
Fatigability and Variable-Frequency Train Stimulation of Human Skeletal Muscles

Background and Purpose. The quadriceps femoris (QF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles are often activated through the use of electrical stimulation by physical therapists. These 2 muscles are fundamentally different in regard to their fiber-type composition. Whether protocols developed using a given muscle can be applied to another muscle has seldom been questioned, even if they differ in fiber type. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that torque augmentation during variable-frequency train (VFT) stimulation as compared with constant-frequency train (CFT) stimulation in the fatigued state would not differ between these muscles, even though the TA muscle has 50% relatively more slow fibers than the QF muscle relative to each muscle's overall composition. Subjects. Ten recreationally active men with no history of lower-extremity pathology participated in the study (mean age=25 years, SD=4, range=19–31; mean height=179 cm, SD=5, range=170–188; mean body mass=80 kg, SD=15, range=63–111). Methods. The subjects' TA and QF muscles were stimulated with CFTs (six 200-microsecond square waves separated by 70 milliseconds) or VFTs (first interpulse interval=5 milliseconds) that evoked an isometric contraction. Results. After potentiation, the torque-time integral and peak torque were not different for the VFT and CFT stimulation. Rise time was longer for the TA muscle than for the QF muscle and for CFT stimulation versus VFT stimulation (both approximately 40%). After 180 CFTs (50% duty cycle), peak torque decreased 56% overall, with no differences between muscles. Enhancement of the torque-time integral (25%) by VFT stimulation was not different between fatigued QF and TA muscles. Torque augmentation was due to the VFT stimulation evoking 27% greater peak torque and less slowing of rise time than the CFT stimulation (15% versus 30%). Discussion and Conclusion. The results indicate that the QF muscle may not necessarily fatigue more than the TA muscle. The results suggest that VFTs augment the force of fatigued, human skeletal muscle irrespective of fiber type.
Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, followed or not by surgery, in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

Summary Background This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of a neo-adjuvant combined chemo-radiotherapy in patients with localized squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Patients and methods Forty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, stages II and HI (or stage I if considered to be poor candidates for immediate curative surgery), age less than 70 years and WHO performance status 0 to 2, were enrolled in a study of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, consisting of 2 (operated patients) or 3 (non-operated patients) courses of cisplatin, vindesine, mitomy-cin-C or cisplatin, vinblastine. Surgery was routinely proposed to patients. Results Thirty-seven patients (88%) received full pre-operative therapy. Of 30 patients responding to this pre-operative therapy, 12 had a third cycle of treatment and 15 had esophagectomy. Three of the operated patients had no pathological evidence of residual tumour. Median survival of all 42 patients is 11 months and the 2-year survival rate is 29%. There is no difference in survival among responding operated or non-operated patients. Our group represents 95% of all eligible cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus occurring in Geneva during the study period. Conclusion Our series gives a realistic view of the median survival of a population of patients eligible for neo-adjuvant therapy of esophageal cancer, and suggests that secondary surgery might not improve the patient survival. Furthermore, non-selected patients are at high risk for therapy-related death.
Charlotte Rhone: nurse, welfare worker, and entrepreneur.

Charlotte Rhone, a pioneering African American nurse born in Craven County, North Carolina, at the end of the post–Civil War Reconstruction era, grew up in a society shaped by the harshly discriminatory Jim Crow laws enacted in her home state and in others across the American South. Her choices in education and employment were severely limited because of these racist policies, but Rhone's tenacity, flexibility, and intelligence overcame many obstacles that oppressed poverty-stricken African American women in turn-of-the-century rural North Carolina. She went on to use her education and skills for the good of her community well into the 1950s.
Robin Hambleton, Leading the Inclusive City: Place-Based Innovation for a Bounded Planet (Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2015).

In this book, Robin Hambleton sets out to bridge academe and practice through an international comparison about place-based leadership and public service innovation at the local level. Hambleton is...
Development and Validation of a RP-HPLC-PDA method for Simultaneous Determination of Lornoxicam and Thiocolchicoside in Pharmaceutical dosage form and it’s Application for Dissolution study

A RP-HPLC method was developed for estimation of 5-Hydroxy methyl furfural content in Levofloxacin Hemihydrate intravenous infusion 5mg/ml. It involved a 150mm x 4.6mm, 5µm LichroSphere C-18 column with 40°C temperature. The separation was achieved on simple isocratic method. A mixture of pH 3.0 buffer (0.04M, ortho phosphoric acid buffer, adjusted pH 3.0 with triethylamine) - acetonitrile (87:13, v/v) was used as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min, injection volume was 5µl and the detection wavelength was 284nm. The retention time of 5HMF was 2.7min. The total runtime was 12min within which active compound and degradation products were separated. The developed method successfully applied to the determination of 5HMF content in pharmaceutical preparations. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, robustness and ruggedness.
Plinko Poetry 2012

With the plethora of real-time information and news coming from both commercial news sources and individual broadcasters using the internet and Twitter to get their messages across, we seem to have arrived at a backlog of data chaos that is clamoring for order. Plinko Poetry, by Deqing Sun and Peiqi Su, playfully recontextualizes this heavy onslaught of information. The project gets its name from the game of Plinko, introduced in 1983 on the hit American television game show The Price Is Right. In the original game, contestants climbed a staircase and dropped large chips into a game board fitted with hundreds of pegs. The chips would hit the pegs as they fell, sending them off in different directions until they landed at the bottom of the board into one of several slots assigned with different dollar values.
Factorial Experiments in Four-Associate Class Cyclic PBIB Designs

The use of four associate class cyclic PBIB designs of Agrawal in factorial experiments is considered. The efficiency factors of main effects and interactions in these designs are obtained. The Main effects and interactions that are balanced in these designs are identified. The results presented arc illustrated with the help of an example.
Biparental chloroplast inheritance leads to rescue from cytonuclear incompatibility

Summary Although organelle inheritance is predominantly maternal across animals and plants, biparental chloroplast inheritance has arisen multiple times in the angiosperms. Biparental inheritance has the potential to impact the evolutionary dynamics of cytonuclear incompatibility, interactions between nuclear and organelle genomes that are proposed to be among the earliest types of genetic incompatibility to arise in speciation. We examine the interplay between biparental inheritance and cytonuclear incompatibility in Campanulastrum americanum, a plant species exhibiting both traits. We first determine patterns of chloroplast inheritance in genetically similar and divergent crosses, and then associate inheritance with hybrid survival across multiple generations. There is substantial biparental inheritance in C. americanum. The frequency of biparental inheritance is greater in divergent crosses and in the presence of cytonuclear incompatibility. Biparental inheritance helps to mitigate cytonuclear incompatibility, leading to increased fitness of F1 hybrids and recovery in the F2 generation. This study demonstrates the potential for biparental chloroplast inheritance to rescue cytonuclear compatibility, reducing cytonuclear incompatibility's contribution to reproductive isolation and potentially slowing speciation. The efficacy of rescue depended upon the strength of incompatibility, with a greater persistence of weak incompatibilities in later generations. These findings suggest that incompatible plastids may lead to selection for biparental inheritance.
A new cyte in orthodontics: Osteocytes in tooth movement

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) relies on the orchestration of clinical and biologic events that include the application of clinical force followed by a cascade of cellular and molecular responses. Our understanding about OTM today has evolved from, and is largely based on historic studies. However, the advances in bone biology and clinical orthodontics today continue to pave the pathway towards an improved knowledge base, and state of the art therapeutics in OTM. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts have been the primary cells analyzed in OTM. However, the role of osteocytes, a cell previously thought to be static, should be considered in light of new findings in molecular biological research. Osteocytes are now known to be significant in controlling responses to mechanical forces and therefore may be central to both OTM and normal tooth eruption. In this review, we explore the biology of OTM by focusing specifically on the potential role of osteocytes. Evidence from recent studies reveal that osteocytes have a role in controlling the response to mechanical forces and OTM. We therefore propose that these findings and further research endeavours may shape the future of clinical applications-specifically enhanced outcomes in OTM.
Arrhythmias in Special Populations

The occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias is dependent on the cellular, structural, autonomic, and hormonal environment in which the heart functions. Stressors such as pregnancy, competitive athletics, and surgery serve to modulate this arrhythmogenic environment. The altered cardiac physiology that results from these stressors can lead to new and recurrent arrhythmias. When these occur, they may have significant implications with respect to patient management, morbidity, and mortality. Mitigation of these consequences depends on the understanding and treatment of pathological rhythms, and on an appreciation of issues particular to these unique populations. The following chapter discusses arrhythmias in the groups comprised of patients in competitive athletics, pregnancy, heart transplant, and after major surgery.
Rapidly decaying template RNA

This chapter discusses rapidly decaying template RNA in detail. Like moderately long-lived informational RNA, templates RNA populations that decay exponentially from the moment of their synthesis are also known in all sectors of the biological world. Most of the cases of immediate template decay refer to populations composed of many species of RNA. In rapidly dividing mammalian cells, relatively short-lived, exponentially decaying template RNA can also be identified, even under conditions of continuous growth and replication. The chapter also describes the use of actinomycin in studies of template life, the multiple levels of immediacy in gene control, the significance of immediacy of gene control in the cellular genomic response system, and the changes of immediacy in embryonic development.
Use of Vasopressin in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients With Hypotension.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vasopressin for the treatment of hypotension in patients admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS Vasopressin use in 69 infants admitted to our NICU between 2011 and 2014 was examined. Data evaluated included demographics; serum creatinine, sodium, and lactate concentrations; urine output; and systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (BPs). Parameters prior to vasopressin use were compared to those at maximum dose. RESULTS Vasopressin use was associated with increased urine output (p < 0.05), and increased systolic (p < 0.0005), diastolic (p < 0.01), and mean (p < 0.001) BP. There were no differences in sodium or lactate concentrations before vs during infusion; vasopressin use was not associated with hyponatremia (sodium < 130 mEq/L) at the maximum dose. CONCLUSIONS Vasopressin for the treatment of neonatal hypotension appears safe and was efficacious in raising BP. These data suggest that vasopressin could be considered a viable opt...
Borderline Personality Disorder Features Are Associated with Concurrent Pain-Related Disability in a Chronic Pain Sample.

Objective To determine whether core features of borderline personality disorder are associated with increased rates of being on disability benefits due to chronic pain conditions. Subjects A total of 147 patients currently in treatment for chronic pain at a multimodal chronic pain clinic. Methods We tested for a concurrent relationship between borderline personality disorder features and employment status using self-report measures. Results Borderline personality disorder features were associated with increased likelihood of currently being on disability due to pain conditions (odds ratio [OR] = 23.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-318.73), on disability due to other conditions (OR = 33.65, 95% CI = 2.15-526.13), and unemployed (OR = 20.14, 95% CI = 1.38-294.93), even while controlling for pain severity and interference, depression, and trait anxiety. A follow-up analysis revealed that these associations were due to the negative relationships facet of borderline personality disorder features. Conclusions Borderline personality disorder features, particularly negative relationships, are associated with increased rates of pain disability, general disability, and unemployment in a chronic pain sample. Future research should examine mechanisms by which the maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and cognitions of borderline personality disorder might result in worse long-term employment outcomes of chronic pain.
Very-long-chain fatty acid diversity in nine Heliophila seed oils

Abstract Heliophila is a genus of approximately 90 recognized plant species endemic to southern Africa and considered the most morphologically diverse genus in the family Brassicaceae. To begin to characterize chemical diversity in the genus, seed oil content and fatty acid composition were determined for 9 species, with representatives from the three major recognized clades. All species produced very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) as major components of the seed triacylglycerol (TAG) oil, with considerable diversity of fatty acid chain length. The 22-carbon (C22) monounsaturated fatty acid erucic acid (cis-13-docosenoic acid) was the dominant VLCFA in the oil of Heliophila coronopifolia at 47.6% of total seed fatty acids whereas the unusual C26 fatty acid ximenic acid (cis-17-hexacosenoic acid) dominated the VLCFA profile of oil from Heliophila scoparia at 35.8%. Heliophila africana oil was identified as a potential novel source of the nutraceutical fatty acid, nervonic acid (cis-15-tetracosenoic acid). Analysis of the oil of 3 species by sn-1,3 regioselective lipase digestion demonstrated the virtual exclusion of VLCFAs from the sn-2 position of TAG. Examination of the oil from H. scoparia by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry revealed the presence of high molecular weight TAGs and widespread distribution of VLCFAs among the TAG molecular species. Heliophila species have significant potential as sources of novel seed oil enriched in VLCFAs and as model species to study the mechanisms and evolution of VLCFA biosynthesis in plants.
Promising activity of farnesyltransferase inhibitors across seven different sarcoma subtypes

3805 Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies whose benefit from traditional chemotherapy has been maximized. A diagnosis of sarcoma still portends a poor prognosis with a disease specific mortality of up to 50%. Sarcomas are fertile ground for the application of novel, targeted therapies with the hope of identifying a treatment effective across histologic subtypes. We report that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) demonstrate in vitro activity against sarcoma cell lines of variable histologies. Seven different sarcoma subtypes, including osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, uterine sarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma were examined for their sensitivity to two FTI compounds, BMS214662 and BMS225975. Both compounds demonstrated exquisite growth inhibition as detected by cell count and MTT assays. IC50’s were in the range of 125-400 nanomolars, concentrations known to inhibit farnesylation. FTIs inhibited cellular growth in every histology tested. This is in contrast to other signal transduction inhibitors, i.e. of the MAPK pathway, whose effects were limited to specific pathologies alone. BMS214662 and BMS225975 differ in their potency and mechanism of action, providing an accurate tool to evaluate reasons for their efficacy. In most cell lines, FACS analysis showed an accumulation in the G1 phase of the cell cycle with little or no increase in apoptosis. Investigations of signaling properties after exposure to FTI revealed inhibition of S6 phosphorylation in some cell lines in a fashion similar to that seen with the use of rapamycin. S6 is a downstream effector of mTOR. The activation of mTOR/S6K relies on the farnesylation of Rheb. These results suggest that FTIs may inhibit the growth of some of our sarcoma cell lines by down regulating the TSC/Rheb/mTOR pathway. Effects of combining FTIs with other reagents such as taxanes are currently being investigated. These results are forthcoming and will be discussed.
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activity modulates smooth muscle cell calcium waves in hamster cremaster arterioles.

Arterioles that control blood flow to and within skeletal muscle depend on Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and release of Ca2+ from internal stores through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosph...
The red nucleus of the monkey. Topographic localization of somatosensory input and motor output.

The topographic organization of somatosensory input to the primate red nucleus was investigated by studying receptive fields of rubral neurons, and that of the motor output by delivering trains of microstimulating pulses to evoke movements. A receptive field was identified in 191 of 208 rubral neurons. Most neurons (172) responded to passive movement of one or two joints including digits but some (26) had a cutaneous input. Neurons in both the parvocellular (RNpc) and magnocellular (RNmc) divisions of the nucleus had receptive fields. Neurons which responded to stimulation of the forelimb were located in the dorsomedial part of the nucleus. Those responsive to stimulation of the hindlimb were in the ventrolateral part. Thin regions on the dorsal and ventrolateral borders of the nuclei, respectively, contained neurons responsive to face and tail stimulation. Within the regions representing each limb, neurons receiving an input from the extremity (hand or foot) formed a core surrounded by neurons with an input from more proximal segments. This core extended uninterrupted throughout the RNpc and RNmc.
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) survey of biliary tract cancer (BTC) to reveal the association between tumor somatic variants and chemotherapy resistance.

4079Background: BTC are uncommon and associated with a dismal prognosis. Gemcitabine and platinum-combinations (GP) form the standard approach for treating advanced BTC with a modest improvement in...
Hip instability in adolescent/ young adult down syndrome

The incidence of acetabular dysplasia in the skeletally mature Down syndrome patient population ranges from 8 to 25%, while hip subluxation or dislocation occurs in 1–7%. The morphology of the dysplastic acetabulum in a Down syndrome patient may be similar to idiopathic developmental dysplasia of the hip, with either global or anterior hypoplasia. A distinct subtype of acetabular dysplasia common in trisomy 21 is that of a deficient posterior wall with acetabular retroversion. The instability associated with a dysplastic hip in trisomy 21 is further compounded by generalized hypotonia, ligamentous laxity, and frequently cognitive delays. Untreated hip instability leads to early-onset osteoarthritis and hip pain in young adulthood. With increasing life expectancy in the Down syndrome patient population, the prevention of early osteoarthritis and associated hip pain with maintenance of functional hip range of motion is key to maximizing quality of life. Traditionally, hip instability in Down syndrome has been treated with multiple surgical interventions, including proximal femoral osteotomy, acetabular osteotomies (shelf, innominate, Sutherland, Chiari), and capsular plication with variable results. More recently, a Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes in treating hip instability in the skeletally mature Down syndrome patient. The following case demonstrates unilateral hip instability in a Down syndrome patient who achieved good functional and radiographic outcomes after PAO.
Authoritarian constitutionalism: comparative analysis and critique: by Helena Alviar García and Günter Frankenberg, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2019, xii+386 pp., index, £90 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-78811-784-5

In countries like Russia, Hungary, Venezuela and Turkey, democratically elected leaders have used constitutional means to alter the rules of the game in order to solidify their grip on power. They ...
Hey! Universities! Leave Them Kids Alone!: Christian Legal Society v. Martinez and Conditioning Equal Access to a University's Student-Organization Forum

This Paper argues that the Martinez decision diverges from prior Supreme Court precedents and disregards fundamental First Amendment principles, which will impact the speech and association rights of student organizations. From that premise, the Paper surveys Supreme Court precedents regarding the permissible scope of a university’s regulation of access to a student-group forum. After providing an analysis of Martinez, contrasting the majority and dissenting opinions against the framework of the Court’s prior student equal access cases, the Paper explores the impact that Martinez may have on the First Amendment rights of students in a student-group forum. Finally, this Paper concludes with a proposal to adopt legislation that protects the equal access of student groups to a university student-group forum and preserves their free speech and association rights.
It’s sooner than you think: blunt solid organ injury patients are already hypercoagulable upon hospital admission - results of a bi-institutional, prospective study

Abstract Introduction The optimal time to initiate venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis in blunt solid organ injury (BSOI) patients is debated. We hypothesize that 1) BSOI patients are hypercoagulable within 12 h of injury and 2) hypercoagulability dominates in patients who develop clot complications (CC). Material and methods This is a prospective study of BSOI patients admitted to two Level-1 Trauma Centers’ trauma intensive care units (ICU). Serial kaolin thrombelastography (TEG) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-challenge TEGs were performed. CC included VTE and cerebrovascular accidents. Results On ICU admission, all patients (n = 95) were hypercoagulable, 58% were in fibrinolysis shutdown, and 50% of patients were tPA-resistant. Twelve patients (13%) developed CC. Compared to those without CC, they demonstrated decreased fibrinolysis at 12 h and higher clot strength at 48 h Conclusions BSOI patients are universally hypercoagulable upon ICU admission. VTE chemoprophylaxis should be started immediately in BSOI patients with hypercoagulability on TEG.
Liquid Shielding

Space presents multiple obstacles to the effective use of commercial electronics. Radiation damages components causing transient errors, destructive latch-up, and unrecoverable loss of function. The vacuum of space precludes effective use of convection for heat dissipation, causes outgassing, and material degradation. Shock and vibration of launch causes mechanical damage. For space-grade electronics, these problems are currently solved with expensive materials and custom designs, including insulating substrates and larger-nanometer processes. The production volumes of spacecraft cannot effectively amortize nonrecurring costs making aerospace avionics expensive, with long lead times and compute performance orders-of-magnitude slower than terrestrial products from Intel, NVIDIA, Raspberry Pi, and others. We propose the use of non-conductive fluid shielding as an inexpensive, effective means of protecting terrestrial products from the challenging space environment. Using a pressure vessel, a bath can be formed around electronics that shields from radiation, protects materials from vacuum, dampens shock and vibration characteristics, and increases thermal mass. We document this approach and discuss its benefit as it relates to total dose failure, single event effects, mechanical failures and thermal. Through simulation and analysis, we show terrestrial electronics, offering 100x existing processing performance at 1/10thof the cost, can be safely deployed in space by this technique.
Assessing the Impacts of Pediatric Primary Care Parenting Interventions on EI Referrals Through Linkage With a Public Health Database

We sought to determine whether pediatric primary care interventions targeting positive parenting among low socioeconomic status mothers resulted in reduced referrals to the New York City Early Inte...