cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personality and the derogation of others: Descriptions based on self- and peer report

Abstract We examined the tendency to react to failure by derogating others. A situation was constructed to test this reaction among those posited to exhibit this behavior most often—narcissistically inclined individuals. The participants (N=64) consisted of college students screened for pathological personality traits using self-report and peer report measures. Participants completed a two-part lab task and received false feedback indicating that they had been outperformed by fellow participants. Among self-report items, the best predictor of other-derogation was narcissism; among peer-report items, the best predictor items described cold, aloof, and avoidant personality tendencies. Findings are discussed with regard to identifying personality trait–situation–behavior patterns through multiple assessment methods.
Diaphragm long-term facilitation following acute intermittent hypoxia during wakefulness and sleep

Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits a form of respiratory plasticity known as long-term facilitation (LTF). Here, we tested four hypotheses in unanesthetized, spontaneously breathing rats usin...
Improvement in stability of an immobilized fungal laccase

A laccase of the basidiomyceteTrametes versicolor was immobilized on porous glass beads that were activated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. The support immobilized 100% of the enzyme, whereupon 90% of the original activity was retained. After immobilization, the enzyme was active in a wider pH and temperature range, and its heat stability and reuse were greatly improved compared to those of the free laccase. The immobilized enzyme was found reusable in treating different substrates, either recycled alone or in a sequential order.
Managing Grief on a Maternity Unit

Maternal grief is an often unfecognized and unmanaged health problem that can result in long-term consequences for the parents, other family members and future children. This article uses a case study approach to explore this issue and develop realistic strategies for successful resolution. Specific shortand long-term strategies are discussed.
Class, Politics, Gender and the Marriage Divide in the United States

In this article we use the idea of the 'marriage divide' to describe the transformation of the family to meet the needs of the information economy and the divisions that the transformation has created. In doing so, we emphasize three types of 'marriage divides' in the United States: class and racial, ideological and political, and family law/gender ideology.
The role of the veterinarian in hurricanes and other natural disasters.

Hurricanes create a multiplicity of complicated problems and hazards ranging from outbreaks of infectious disease to animal control problems precipitated by destruction of property. A multidisciplinary response is required to solve such problems. The pool of knowledge derived from various professionals interacting with multiple levels of government agencies (federal, state, and local) will provide the expertise needed. Because the veterinarian is trained to deal with disease involving populations of animals (e.g., herds or flocks) as well as individuals, and because of his/her intensive clinical training, the veterinarian is uniquely qualified to deal with the disaster situation. The veterinarian possesses extensive knowledge in disease and disease processes and has the capability of disease and injury management in affected populations, which qualifies him/her for an essential role, with unlimited potential as a member of any disaster relief team. There is considerable potential for veterinarians to play a role in responding to natural disasters. The areas of disease control, animal care, animal control, protection of the food supply, disinfection/sterilization, and planning are all areas where veterinarians can take an active part. Inclusion of the veterinarian in the process of planning for and responding to natural disasters will yield significant public health benefits.
String-dominated universe

The evolution of a universe with ..cap omega.. = 1 which becomes dominated by relatively light, non-intercommuting strings at redshift z/sub s/ is similar to that of a matter-dominated universe with ..cap omega..approx.(2+z/sub s/)/sup -1/<1. The existence of such strings can resolve the conflict between the ..cap omega.. = 1 prediction of inflationary cosmology and observations.
Coronary artery bypass.

Aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass (CAB) has become the preferred technique for myocardial revascularization in patients with ischemic heart disease (1–4). Evaluation of the results of CAB is essential for comparison with the accumulated knowledge of the natural course of coronary heart disease and for improvement of patient selection.
Kin selection and cooperative courtship in wild turkeys

In the few species of birds in which males form display partnerships to attract females, one male secures most or all of the copulations. This leads to the question of why subordinate males help in the absence of observable reproductive benefits. Hamilton's concept of kin selection, whereby individuals can benefit indirectly by helping a relative, was a crucial breakthrough for understanding apparently altruistic systems. However in the only direct test of kin selection in coordinated display partnerships, partners were unrelated, discounting kin selection as an explanation for the evolution of cooperation. Here I show, using genetic measures of relatedness and reproductive success, that kin selection can explain the evolution of cooperative courtship in wild turkeys. Subordinate (helper) males do not themselves reproduce, but their indirect fitness as calculated by Hamilton's rule more than offsets the cost of helping. This result confirms a textbook example of kin selection that until now has been controversial and also extends recent findings of male relatedness on avian leks by quantifying the kin-selected benefits gained by non-reproducing males.
Institutional reports: Clinical evaluation of hyperthermia equipment: The University of Arizona Institutional Report for the NCI Hyperthermia Equipment Evaluation Contract

Two-hundred and fifteen independent sites in 203 patients were treated with hyperthermia at the University of Arizona from 10/81 through 3/86 under the auspices of this contract.In the head and neck, a site dominated by superficial tumors, air-coupled and water-coupled microwave applicators yielded the best results. Similarly in the thorax, also dominated by superficial tumors, water-coupled microwave applicators were best. In the abdomen and pelvis, sites dominated by deep tumors, only interstitial radiofrequency (RF) heating, an invasive technique useful only in selected cases, was capable of consistently producing therapeutic temperatures. Toxicity appeared to be site-related, and treatment discomfort was especially common in abdominal and pelvic sites.In conclusion, while superficial sites were readily heated using propagative electromagnetic devices, these devices were ineffective and poorly tolerated at deeper sites. Effective deep hyperthermia was best produced with interstitial techniques, and fur...
Ziprasidone-induced cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia: Specificity or pseudospecificity?

Abstract Objective Ziprasidone may improve cognition in schizophrenia; however, this could be related to clinical symptom improvement, reflecting “pseudospecificity”. We tested the hypothesis that ziprasidone improves cognition in the absence of clinical improvement. Methods We conducted a 12-week, open-label study of ziprasidone in 10 schizophrenia patients who met non-response criteria ( Results We detected significant improvement on three measures of episodic memory ( p Conclusions These data suggest that ziprasidone has cognitive benefits unrelated to an influence on other disease parameters.
Photoperiod and stress affect wound healing in Siberian hamsters.

Changes in day length alter several indices of immune function in Siberian hamsters. These experiments tested the hypothesis that photoperiodic changes in immune function are integrated at an organismal level as reflected by the ability to heal a cutaneous wound. Given the well-documented effects of psychological stressors on immune function, we also tested the hypothesis that photoperiod modulates the effects of acute stress on wound healing. Male hamsters were housed in long (16L:8D; LD) or short (8L:16D; SD) day lengths for 8±2 weeks. SD-treatment was sufficient to induce winter reproductive status. Hamsters then received a dermal punch wound. Hamsters were subjected to either 2 h of daily restraint stress or a control treatment for 3 days prior to and 5 days after wounding. Wounds were digitally photographed daily, and wound size was measured to quantify healing. Wounds of LD hamsters healed significantly faster than did those of SD hamsters. Restraint stress significantly accelerated healing in SD hamsters. The results suggest that the enhancing effects of short-term psychological stressors on immune function are apparent only when reproductive function is suppressed. In nature, enhanced wound healing coincident with the breeding season and territorial defense may be adaptive.
The multistep proteolytic maturation pathway utilized by vaccinia virus P4a protein: a degenerate conserved cleavage motif within core proteins.

Abstract The most abundant vaccinia virus (VV) core protein found within the virion is protein 4a, which represents approximately 14% of the particle's dry weight. The 4a protein is synthesized as a 102.5-kDa precursor, which is proteolytically processed to a 62-kDa product concomitant with virion assembly. To identify the pathway by which P4a is converted into 4a, immunological reagents which are specific for subregions of the P4a precursor were developed and used in concert with peptide mapping and protein sequencing procedures. The result obtained suggest that the 891 amino acid P4a precursor is cleaved at two locations, between residues 614 and 615 and 697 and 698. Both the large amino-terminal 4a protein (residues 1–614) and the carboxy-terminal-derived 23-kDa protein (residues 698–891) become major virion contituents. The location and fate of the small internal peptide (residues 615–697) is not known. Interestingly, an analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences at the sites of cleavage within the P4a precursor indicated the presence of an Ala-Gly ↓ Thr motif flanking the 697–698 site and an Ala-Gly ↓ Ser motif flanking the 614–615 site. Since both of these signals are quite similar to the Ala-Gly ↓ Ala signal previously identified as the cleavage point within the VV P4b and P25K core protein precursors (VanSlyke et al. , 1991. J. Gen. Virol. 72, 411–416), this suggests that processing of all three core protein precursors may be coordinately linked and/or catalyzed by the same proteinase during viral assembly.
THE MOOSE FLY—A NEW HÆMATOBIA.

Entomologists will be interested to learn of the occurrence of a near relative of the Horn Fly, HŒmatobia serrata , in the middle of the great cranberry swamps of Northern Minnesota. These vast low areas extend for hundreds of square miles in the vicinity of the Lake of Woods. They are the favored home of the American moose, and the hope of obtaining some specimens of this animal for the museum of the University of Kansas led Professor L. L. Dyche of that institution to traverse these dangerous marshes. Professor Dyche has recently returned after remaining for over three months in the very centre of the swamps, camping upon the occasional sand ridges which cross the region; and to him I am indebted for specimens of a new HŒmatobia .
A radioimmunoassay procedure for quantitating parotid hormone.

Abstract The methodology and characterization of a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) for quantitating parotid hormone (PH) in biological fluids are reported. A specific antiserum against PH was raised in rabbits using PH conjugated to human serum albumin. Its binding capacity and association constant were 22 μg/ml and Ka = 1.01 × 10 −12 M −1 , respectively. The sensitivity of the RIA was 1.5 pg PH when a sequential incubation schedule was used. This RIA makes possible the quantitation of PH in biological fluids and tissue extracts.
Gender and Public Personnel Administration in the New Deal Civil Service

This article examines how gender informed the construction of the federal government's merit-based civil service during the 1930s. Specifically, itfocuses on the debate over the employment of married women in the civil service as outlined in section 213 of the Economy Act. Many women found the measure discriminatory and developed a wide variety of arguments to dispute it. Nevertheless, opponents of section 213 incorporated, rather than rejected, the notion that women and men inhabited distinct social roles. Hence, many within the civil service continued to argue that women were not well suited for most high-level, well-paying positions. As this case study suggests, more recent debates over affirmative action and worthiness with respect to job placement fail to recognize the cultural biases that have and will continue to inform the meaning of merit.
Perivascular Innervation: A Multiplicity of Roles in Vasomotor Control and Myoendothelial Signaling

The control of vascular resistance and tissue perfusion reflect coordinated changes in the diameter of feed arteries and the arteriolar networks they supply. Against a background of myogenic tone and metabolic demand, vasoactive signals originating from perivascular sympathetic and sensory nerves are integrated with endothelium-derived signals to produce vasodilation or vasoconstriction. PVNs release adrenergic, cholinergic, peptidergic, purinergic, and nitrergic neurotransmitters that lead to SMC contraction or relaxation via their actions on SMCs, ECs, or other PVNs. ECs release autacoids that can have opposing actions on SMCs. Respective cell layers are connected directly to each other through GJs at discrete sites via MEJs projecting through holes in the IEL. Whereas studies of intercellular communication in the vascular wall have centered on endothelium-derived signals that govern SMC relaxation, attention has increasingly focused on signaling from SMCs to ECs. Thus, via MEJs, neurotransmission from PVNs can evoke distinct responses from ECs subsequent to acting on SMCs. To integrate this emerging area of investigation in light of vasomotor control, the present review synthesizes current understanding of signaling events that originate within SMCs in response to perivascular neurotransmission in light of EC feedback. Although often ignored in studies of the resistance vasculature, PVNs are integral to blood flow control and can provide a physiological stimulus for myoendothelial communication. Greater understanding of these underlying signaling events and how they may be affected by aging and disease will provide new approaches for selective therapeutic interventions.
Thioredoxin 2 Is Involved in the Oxidative Stress Response inEscherichia coli

Two genes encoding thioredoxin are found on theEscherichia coli genome. Both of them are capable of reducing protein disulfide bonds in vivo and in vitro. The catalytic site contains a Cys-X 1-X 2-Cys motif in a so-called thioredoxin fold. Thioredoxin 2 has two additional pairs of cysteines in a non-conserved N-terminal domain. This domain does not appear to be important for the function of thioredoxin 2 in donating electrons to ribonucleotide reductase, 3′-phosphoadenylsulfate-reductase, or the periplasmic disulfide isomerase DsbC. Our results suggests that the two thioredoxins are equivalent for most of the in vivo functions that were tested. On the other hand, transcriptional regulation is different. The expression of trxC is regulated by the transcriptional activator OxyR in response to oxidative stress. Oxidized OxyR binds directly to the trxC promoter and induces its expression in response to elevated hydrogen peroxide levels or the disruption of one or several of the cytoplasmic redox pathways. Mutants lacking thioredoxins 1 and 2 are more resistant to high levels of hydrogen peroxide, whereas they are more sensitive to diamide, a disulfide bond-inducing agent.
New perturbative solutions of the Kerr-Newman dilatonic black hole field equations

This work describes new perturbative solutions to the classical, four-dimensional Kerr-Newman dilaton black hole field equations. Our solutions do not require the black hole to be slowly rotating. The unperturbed solution is taken to be the ordinary Kerr solution and the perturbation parameter is effectively the square of the charge-to-mass ratio ${(Q/M)}^{2}$ of the Kerr-Newman black hole. The solutions show the expected conjugation (mirror) symmetry, which maps the small coupling sector to the strong coupling sector $(\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi})$. We also calculate the gyromagnetic ratio of the black hole.
Reassessing the Impact of Supreme Court Decisions on Public Opinion: Gay Civil Rights Cases:

The theoretical and empirical debate over the ability of the U.S. Supreme Court to influence public opinion through its decisions is far from settled. Scholars have examined the question using a variety of theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence, but there is no theoretical consensus, nor are the empirical studies without methodological weaknesses. We enter this debate in an attempt to bring some clarity to the theoretical approaches, overcome some of the methodological shortcomings, and bring a yet unstudied issue area, Court decisions on gay civil rights, under scrutiny. We argue that the ability of Court decisions to influence public opinion is a function of the salience of the issue, the political context, and case specific factors at the aggregate level. At the individual level these factors are also relevant, but citizen characteristics must also be taken into consideration. Our analysis of aggregate level and individual level opinion does indeed suggest that Court decisions can influence pu...
Growth performance and carcass traits of forage-fed hair sheep wethers

The objective of the present study was to compare live animal performance and carcass characteristics of 3/4 or 7/8 Dorper (DO; n = 30), purebred Katahdin (KA; n = 20), purebred St. Croix (SC; n = 17) and purebred Suffolk (SU; n = 10) lambs born in the spring and fall of 2001. After weaning, lambs were supplemented with up to 680 g of a corn-soybean meal supplement while grazing bermudagrass pastures overseeded with ryegrass. Lambs were slaughtered at approximately 210 d of age. From birth to weaning, DO lambs gained faster (P < 0.001) than KA or SC lambs, whereas KA lambs had higher (P < 0.001) ADG than SC lambs. Additionally, DO and SU wethers had greater (P < 0.02) ADG from weaning to slaughter than SC or KA wethers. Suffolk lambs were heavier (P < 0.001) at slaughter and produced heavier (P < 0.001) carcasses than lambs from hair-sheep breeds. Carcasses of KA lambs were fatter (actual fat thickness; P < 0.02) resulting in higher yield grades (P < 0.03) than carcasses of DO, SC, or SU lambs. Carcasses of DO and SU had larger (P < 0.001) longissimus muscle (LM) areas than those of KA or SC carcasses, whereas kidney fat weight and percentage were greater (P < 0.001) in carcasses from KA and SC than DO and SU lambs. Lean maturity was similar (P = 0.32) among breed-types. However, skeletal maturity was greater (P < 0.001) in SU than hair-sheep carcasses. Flank-streaking scores were similar (P = 0.19) among the breed-types, but conformation scores were higher (P < 0.001) for DO and SU carcasses and resulted in higher (P < 0.001) quality grades than SC carcasses. The LM of SU lambs was lighter (higher L* values; P < 0.05) than that of KA and SC lambs, whereas the LM from DO lambs was redder (higher a* values; P < 0.001) than SC and SU and more (P < 0.001) yellow than that of the other breed-types. Chops from SU lambs were tougher (higher shear force values; P < 0.007) than chops from the hair-sheep breeds. Results of this study indicate that ADG, carcass muscularity and meat quality were similar between DO and SU lambs, and, although fatter, carcass muscularity of KA was similar to that of DO lambs.
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy

For some women with moderate to severe symptoms, hysterectomy can improve quality of life. This article discusses laparoscopic hysterectomy, including important factors such as patient selection, surgical technique, and possible complications.
Creating with cobots

In the world of interactive art, very few pieces have a permanent, physical outcome. In response to this observation, the author developed two "cobots", or collaborative robots, designed to create physical pieces of art in a direct partnership with their human audience. This concept was refined by examining several of the author's inspirations, including the drawings of artist Sol Lewitt, the Etch-a-Sketch, the robots of artist/technologist Lionel Moura, and the work of Kelly Dobson.After many conceptual and technical considerations, two robotic drawing machines, one designed to respond to the shadows cast by its users, the other designed to respond to sounds produced by it's audience, were successfully developed, built, and tested. This project aims to explore both the notion of collaborative relationships between humans and technology, and the practice of collaborative human/machine art making.
Specific binding of a HeLa cell nuclear protein to RNA sequences in the human immunodeficiency virus transactivating region.

Abstract The transactivator protein, tat, encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus is a key regulator of viral transcription. Activation by the tat protein requires sequences downstream of the transcription initiation site called the transactivating region (TAR). RNA derived from the TAR is capable of forming a stable stem-loop structure and the maintenance of both the stem structure and the loop sequences located between +19 and +44 is required for complete in vivo activation by tat. Gel retardation assays with RNA from both wild-type and mutant TAR constructs generated in vitro with SP6 polymerase indicated specific binding of HeLa nuclear proteins to the TAR. To characterize this RNA-protein interaction, a method of chemical "imprinting" has been developed using photoactivated uranyl acetate as the nucleolytic agent. This reagent nicks RNA under physiological conditions at all four nucleotides in a reaction that is independent of sequence and secondary structure. Specific interaction of cellular proteins with TAR RNA could be detected by enhanced cleavages or imprints surrounding the loop region. Mutations that either disrupted stem base-pairing or extensively changed the primary sequence resulted in alterations in the cleavage pattern of the TAR RNA. Structural features of the TAR RNA stem-loop essential for tat activation are also required for specific binding of the HeLa cell nuclear protein.
Modification of the standards of wastewater reuse in Saudi arabia

The Saudi Standards for effluent are stringent and unintentionally impose unnecessary limitations on disposal and reuse of wastewater. The standards as written may actually prevent agricultural uses, and impose near drinking water quality on reuse of water. Conflicts between official standards and practical considerations cause confusion and inaccurate accounting. The unrealistically high requirements also frustrate the development of needed wastewater treatment facilities. This article details present wastewater reuse regulations and existing treatment facilities, and argues the case for a more discriminating set of standards. Such would allow a variety of reuses for present wastewater production at different sites, with consequent economic growth.
Polyphenon E, a Green Tea Extract, Increases Brain NAA Levels in MS: A Pilot Six Month Open Label Study (P03.050)

Objective: Assess the safety of Polyphenon E in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) and determine whether Polyphenon E would be futile as a neuroprotective agent. Background Polyphenon E (Mitsui Norin; Shizuoka, Japan) is an extract from the leaves of green tea. Its main active component is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant that accumulates within the mitochondria of neurons and increases their resistance to apoptosis under conditions of oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to axonal injury in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EGCG effectively treats EAE in female SJL/J mice. Design/Methods: Ten subjects with relapsing remitting or secondary progressive MS were recruited for this open-label, six-month pilot study of 400 mg of Polyphenon E twice daily. Adverse events (AE) were assessed monthly. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels were measured using 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy and differences were assessed between baseline and six-months. Plasma levels of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were measured at one month, 3 and 8 hours after the morning dose. Results: No serious AE occurred. All subjects completed the study assessments. One discontinued therapy after mild elevation of liver enzymes. Treatment with EGCG resulted in an increase of 13% [95%,CI(1%-23%) p Conclusions: There were no safety concerns for treating MS patients with Polyphenon E. Our futility endpoint was rejected, as NAA levels increased. This and the correlated changes in NAA and EGCG levels support a potential neuroprotective effect that should be investigated in a larger randomized, placebo-controlled trial measuring NAA levels over a longer follow-up. Supported by: NCCAM K23AT004433; LSUHSC-New Orleans CTRC. Disclosure: Dr. Ramos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garrison has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koop has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rooney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bourdette has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Serono, and Teva Neurosciences as a speaker. Dr. Lovera has received personal compensation for activities with EMD Serono, Teva Neuroscience, and Biogen Idec as a consultant.
Efficient evaluation of the half‐space Green's function for fast‐multipole scattering models

There has recently been significant interest in the method-of-moments (MoM) and fast multipole method (FMM) for the analysis of scattering from targets in the presence of a lossy dielectric half space (soil). It is desirable to make the analysis of scattering from such a target consistent with use of the free-space Green's function, to exploit previously developed free-space scattering models, and for compatibility with the FMM. In this paper, we present a new and simple formulation for Green's-function evaluation, which is shown to yield efficient and highly accurate scattering results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 388–392, 2001.
Reversible Oxidation and Inactivation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases In Vivo

We have investigated the regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cellular environment. We demonstrate that multiple PTPs were reversibly oxidized and inactivated following treatment of Rat-1 cells with H2O2 and that inhibition of PTP function was important for ROS-induced mitogenesis. Furthermore, we show transient oxidation of the SH2 domain containing PTP, SHP-2, in response to PDGF that requires association with the PDGFR. Our results indicate that SHP-2 inhibits PDGFR signaling and suggest a mechanism by which autophosphorylation of the PDGFR occurs despite its association with SHP-2. The data suggest that several PTPs may be regulated by oxidation and that characterization of this process may define novel links between specific PTPs and particular signaling pathways in vivo.
Inactivation of Pkd1 in principal cells causes a more severe cystic kidney disease than in intercalated cells

Renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease arise from cells throughout the nephron, but there is an uncertainty as to whether both the intercalated cells (ICs) and principal cells (PCs) within the collecting duct give rise to cysts. To determine this, we crossed mice containing loxP sites within introns 1 and 4 of the Pkd1 gene with transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of the aquaporin-2 promoter or the B1 subunit of the proton ATPase promoter, thereby generating PC- or IC-specific knockout of Pkd1, respectively. Mice, that had Pkd1 deleted in the PCs, developed progressive cystic kidney disease evident during the first postnatal week and had an average lifespan of 8.2 weeks. There was no change in the cellular cAMP content or membrane aquaporin-2 expression in their kidneys. Cysts were present in the cortex and outer medulla but were absent in the papilla. Mice in which PKd1 was knocked out in the ICs had a very mild cystic phenotype as late as 13 weeks of age, limited to 1–2 cysts and confined to the outer rim of the kidney cortex. These mice lived to at least 1.5 years of age without evidence of early mortality. Our findings suggest that PCs are more important than ICs for cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease.
Product State Resolved Study of the Cl + (CH3)3CD Reaction: Comparison of the Dynamics of Abstraction of Primary versus Tertiary Hydrogens

The reaction of Cl atoms with the selectively deuterated isobutane, 2-methylpropane-2-d1, has been investigated under single-collision conditions using state-selective detection of the products by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The reaction was initiated in a crossed, pulsed flow of the reagents by 355 nm photolysis of Cl2 precursor. The internal state distributions of HCl and DCl products, formed by abstraction of primary and tertiary hydrogen atoms, respectively, from the hydrocarbon reagent are reported. The degree of rotational excitation of both products was found to be very low. By comparison of the intensities of the HCl and DCl REMPI signals, the ratio of the yield of HCl to DCl product was found to be 3.3 ± 0.4. With the known speed and angular distribution of the Cl reagent, it was possible to obtain information on the product center-of-mass angular distributions from measurement of the masses 37 and 38 time of arrival profiles. The DCl p...
Prospects for space tourism

Abstract This article examines the work carried out to date on prospects for space tourism. The conclusions of this work are considered in two categories: (a) predictions based on firm data; and (b) speculations based on preliminary concept work. The first passenger flights to space could begin 10 years from the start of serious development - the key issues being provision of adequate funding, and political/ commercial support.
Open-loop PDCI probing tests for the Western North American power system

Poorly-damped electromechanical oscillations are of concern in the western North American power system. Recent development of reliable real-time wide-area measurement systems has enabled the potential for large-scale damping control approaches for stabilizing critical oscillation modes. The current approach being developed is feedback modulation of the Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI). This paper summarizes several years of open-loop actual-system PDCI probing tests. This includes a total of 56 tests conducted in 2009, 2011, and 2012. Test goals are to: 1) evaluate the controllability and robustness of the PDCI with WAMS feedback for damping; and 2) compare actual-system results to model-based transient stability and eigenanalysis studies.
A Close Look at Short Selling on Nasdaq

We examine the frequency of short selling in stocks listed in the Nasdaq market. Using previously unavailable transaction data, we can report several findings: (1) overall, 1 of every 42 trades involves a short sale; (2) short selling is more common among stocks with high returns than stocks with weaker performance; (3) actively traded stocks experience more short sales than stocks of limited trading volume; (4) short selling varies directly with share price volatility; (5) short selling does not appear to be systematically different on various days of the week; and (6) days of high short selling precede days of unusually low returns.
Neutral Meson Production with Polarized X Rays

Measurements of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ photoproduction have been made at 235, 285, 335, and 435 MeV, using a beam of polarized x rays. Using a calculated value of polarization, an analysis is made which indicates a possible need for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, or $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\omega}$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$ coupling. The polarization calculations are checked by measurements made as a function of photon production angle at 335 MeV.
Take Some Time to Think This Over: The Relation Between Rumination, Indecision, and Creativity

Because rumination may allow an idea to stay in one's conscious longer and indecision may result in more time on a given task, it was expected that these two cognitive processes may predict creativity. Self-report measures of rumination, indecision, and creativity were electronically distributed to 85 adults (28 men, 57 women; M age = 32.96 years old). Reflective rumination significantly predicted creativity, moderated by high levels of indecision. This study may resolve previous conflicts between findings on rumination and creativity and introduces indecision as beneficial in the creative process. This study also provided important clinical implications in distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive rumination suggesting a new cognitive link between creativity and depression.
Petrarch's War: Florentine Wages and the Black Death

The nature of the Florentine economy during the era of plague and the so-called crisi del trecento has been the subject of a great deal of study and debate. The nuanced and sophisticated discourse has proceeded, however, without proper consideration of warfare, which coincided with the other crises, but has been relegated in the Anglophone scholarship to the lonely subfield of military history. Recent studies have helped improve the status quo and blur rigid disciplinary lines. But there remains a stubborn tendency among scholars to separate Italian war from its societal milieu, to follow the lead of Machiavelli in treating armed conflict in moral terms, focusing on the use by states of mercenary soldiers, who were emblematic of a lack of native martial spirit and of bad warfare. The tendency is particularly marked for the middle years of the trecento, the era of the “companies of adventure,” when states relied on foreign soldiers from outside the peninsula arrayed in large bands. This was, as a recent sc...
Selected electrocardiographic changes during acute renal failure and hemodialysis

Abstract Selected electrocardiographic changes are described in 13 patients with acute renal failure, 12 of whom required hemodialysis with the Kolff Twin-Coil Artificial Kidney. Arrhythmias, particularly paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with A-V block, were observed in digitalized patients during and after hemodialysis. The dangers associated with the use of digitalis and the prevention and therapy of its toxicity are discussed. Arrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation, are observed during hemodialysis. These are probably due to hemodynamic and not chemical factors. A fatal arrhythmia occurred in 1 patient in the presence of normal serum concentrations of potassium, sodium and magnesium and without morphologic explanation. Electrocardiographic evidence of A-V and intraventricular conduction disturbances due to severe hyperkalemia and reverting to normal within minutes of onset of hemodialysis, is demonstrated. Electrocardiographic patterns similar to those observed in myocardial injury and infarction have been described in patients with acute renal insufficiency. These changes were reversible in 2 of the 3 patients presented. Electrocardiographic patterns of myocardial injury observed in patients with acute renal insufficiency due to carbon tetrachloride poisoning are illustrated.
Growth, morphology, and reinforcement potential of low molecular weight crystals in amorphous polymeric matrices

The technique of in situ crystallization of low molecular weight organic compounds from amorphous polymers was evaluated as a method of fabricating composite materials. Two workable systems, styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN)–acetanilide and SAN–anthracene, were found and their phase diagrams determined. In both systems kinetic studies revealed that the maximum crystallization rate takes place at large degrees of supercooling and that below these temperatures the mechanism is diffusion-controlled. The temperature-dependent crystal morphologies were characterized with electron microscopy, which showed three distinctly different morphologies for both systems. From dynamic mechanical measurements, it appears that the elastic moduli of organic crystals are about the same as those of organic polymers in the glassy state, and that relatively little reinforcement took place under the particular crystallization conditions employed.
Effects of steroids and dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) on the developing wolffian ducts of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum).

Abstract This study was undertaken to investigate effects of the prototypical dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) on steroid-dependent development of the wolffian ducts of an amphibian, the tiger salamander ( Ambystoma tigrinum ). Larvae with immature gonads and undeveloped mullerian ducts were injected with the steroid hormones estradiol (E 2 ), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or vehicle alone. Additionally, steroid-treated and vehicle-control larvae were immersed in sub-lethal solutions of technical grade TCDD (0, 0.0003, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, and 3.0 μg TCDD/L). Both steroid treatments stimulated hypertrophy of the wolffian duct epithelium and an increase in mean epithelial cell size. Only DHT treatment stimulated epithelial cell proliferation. TCDD stimulated wolffian duct hypertrophy through an increase in mean epithelial cell size. TCDD acted as an androgen agonist on wolffian duct epithelial area and epithelial cell size. TCDD had no effect on wolffian duct epithelium among E 2 -injected animals. Stimulatory effects on cell size were observed at 0.0003 μg/L TCDD in saline-injected animals and at 0.003 μg/L TCDD in DHT-injected animals. Both E 2 and DHT stimulated growth of the wolffian ducts early in development. Technical grade TCDD alone mimics E 2 and DHT action but exhibits an androgen-agonistic action in the presence of exogenously administered DHT. Implications of possible interactions between TCDD and xenosteroids are discussed.
Free volume after cure vs. fractional conversion for a high-Tg epoxy/amine thermosetting system

Isothermal glassy-state properties of cured thermosetting materials pass through maximum and minimum values with increasing fractional chemical conversion. In this work, a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (a diepoxide) and trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate (a tetrafunctional aromatic diamine) system was investigated for the purpose of analyzing the complex behavior after cure of the isothermal properties of the glassy state with increasing conversion. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is used as a direct measure of conversion. Dilatometric, differential scanning calorimetry, torsional braid analysis, and positron annihilation spectroscopy techniques were used to monitor the density, Tg, modulus, and free volume of the material after cure with increasing conversion. The specific volume at 25°C after cure passes through a minimum and the modulus passes through a maximum with increasing conversion. The fractional free volume and the average radius of free volume at 25°C after cure pass through minimum values with respect to conversion. The specific volume, modulus, and fractional free volume at 25°C vs. conversion data qualitatively correlate. The anomaly of the increasing specific volume in the glassy state with increasing conversion is thus considered to arise from changes in free volume on a length scale corresponding to angstroms. The increasing free volume with increasing conversion is related to the phenomenon of antiplasticization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wives who outearn their husbands: A transitory or persistent phenomenon for couples?

In what percentage of married couples do wives outearn their husbands, and, moreover, how persistent are these patterns? This study systematically examined variation in point-in-time estimates across alternative measures of earnings, definitions of types of couples, and data sources and gauged the persistence of these patterns for a period of three calendar years using data from the 2000 Current Population Survey and the 1996–2000 Survey of Income and Program Participation. Among the findings are that in 19% to 30% of all married couples, wives have higher earnings than their husbands. In 60% of such couples, this arrangement persists over the three-year period; for the rest, this arrangement is transitory.
WAR AND NATURE: The Environmental Consequences of War in a Globalized World. By Jurgen Brauer.

(2011). War and Nature: The Environmental Consequences of War in a Globalized World. By Jurgen Brauer. Geographical Review: Vol. 101, No. 3, pp. 464-467.
An Expansion and Application of Kaufman's Model of Red Tape: the Case of Community Development Block Grants:

HE GROWTH of government generally in the United States and the federal government in particular has led to a surge of red tape. Government growth is evident in the level and scope of intergovernmental aid and in a variety of regulatory activities. Along with this expanded government role has come detailed guidelines for expected and unexpected activities, procedures for decision-making and implementation of decisions, and forms to be filled out to keep records of all these activities. The sum total of these guidelines, procedures, and forms often is called "red tape." But these are among the basic ingredients of Weber's notion of a bureaucracy. Perhaps then red tape refers to excessive, unwieldy or slow administrative procedures. Individuals who deal with bureaucracies develop their own criteria for red tape. Therefore, red tape may be understood best as a problem of individual perceptions rather than one of identifying objective measures for it. In this paper, red tape refers to guidelines, procedures, forms, and government intervention that are perceived as excessive, unwieldy, or pointless in relationship to decision-making or implementation of decisions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of red tape and to evaluate the phenomenon in a Nixon-era New Federalism program Community Development Block Grants (CDBG). We (a) explain four sets of factors political culture, federalism, Congress, and the bureaucracy -that may cause perceptions of red tape; (b) analyze the CDBG program for evidence of these factors; (c) measure local government officials' perceptions of red tape in the CDBG program; and (d) attempt to explain the reasons for these perceptions.
Nature, Origin, and Variation of Human Pigmentation:

From ancient times to the present, people have speculated on why and by what mechanisms humans could be as Black as some Africans and Australian aborigines to as White as the Celtic speakers of northern Europe. The shades of color in between these extremes illustrate a huge variation in human pigmentation. Because it is one of the most conspicuous traits, pigment variation has led some societies to attach labels and fabricate myths about people of different skin and/or hair colors. In many societies, up until the turn of the century, people of different skin coloration or lack of pigmentation (e.g., albinos) were treated as divine spirits who had special healing powers. Other societies ostracized these same people because they believed they were inferior and strange (Kromberg, Zwane, & Jenkins, 1987; D. Livingstone, 1857). Misunderstandings on pigmentation within the last 30 years have caused debate on the function of melanin and the evolution of skin pigmentation. In an attempt to place the discussion of pigmentation in a Eurocentric context, many authors added further confusion to the debate (Brues, 1975; Daniels, Post, & Johnson, 1972; Harrison, 1973; Montellano, 1993; Morison, 1985; Wasserman, 1965). Work has also been presented by Africans (on the continent and in the diaspora), which has been instrumental in the movements that redefine "Blackness" and the Africans' cultural and biological relationship with the universe (Barnes, 1988; Diop, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1981; Finch, 1991; King, 1990; Welsing, 1991). The works of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dr. Charles Finch, Carol Barnes, Richard King, Dr. Frances Cress Welsing, and others raised pertinent issues and continued dialogue in the struggle against Eurocentric analyses
Molecular dipole moments and electronegativity

Abstract As suggested by acharge-transfer model based on Mulliken's definition of electronegativity, the dipole moments of various diatomic molecules and certain photoemission chemical shifts are shown to depend on the normalized electronegativity differences, [(xB − xA)/ x ], and not simply on (xB − xA).
Human sleep EEG following the 5-HT1A antagonist pindolol: possible disinhibition of raphe neuron activity

Abstract The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to assay central effects of pindolol (10 and 30 mg p.o.), a mixed β1/2-adrenoceptor/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A/1B receptor blocker, in humans. Compared to placebo, pindolol produced a dose-related suppression of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, including a prolongation of REM latency, and a decrease of REM time and REM density. At the higher dose, it also reduced EEG spectral power during non-REM sleep in portions of the δ, θ, and α frequencies (1.125–5.125 Hz, 7.125–9.625 Hz). By contrast, betaxolol (20 mg p.o.), a selective β1-antagonist devoid of serotonergic affinity, affected neither REM sleep nor EEG power. REM sleep is, in part, under the inhibitory control of serotonergic neurons projecting from the dorsal raphe nucleus to pontine cholinergic/cholinoceptive cells. The EEG power spectrum induced by pindolol tended to be opposite to what has previously been reported for ipsapirone, a 5-HT1A agonist. Therefore, the present data, tentatively, are consistent with the contention that pindolol inhibits, possibly selectively, somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors in humans and may antagonize self-inhibition of midbrain raphe nuclei 5-HT neurons.
Epithelioid and spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma of the spleen. Report of a distinctive splenic vascular neoplasm of childhood

A case of a distinctive vascular neoplasm of the spleen in a 3-year-old boy is described. The tumor was characterized histologically by a biphasic growth pattern, with discrete nodular areas composed of atypical round, epithelioid cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli, and areas showing an intricate proliferation of vascular channels lined by elongated spindle cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells with factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus lectin, and vimentin antibodies. Stains for keratin, actin, desmin, lysozyme, and S-100 protein were negative in the tumor cells. Electron microscopy revealed a fairly cohesive population of cells that contained mature and immature cell junctions, basal lamina material, and surface pinocytotic activity consistent with vascular endothelial cells. Five-year follow-up has shown the patient to be alive and free of disease. This case appears to represent a previously unreported primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen showing combined features of epithelioid and spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma. The lesion should be distinguished from other benign and malignant vascular proliferations of the spleen such as Kaposi's sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and the recently described littoral-cell angioma.