cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
637 TWO CLASSES OF HUMAN EKYTHROID BURST FORMING UNITS WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO): BFU-EA AND BFU-Ef

To examine the control of the production of Hb F containing RBC (F cells), marrow (BM) and blood (PB) mononuclear cells of three healthy males were grown in plasma clots at various Epo concentrations. The number and size of BM CFU-E colonies (at 7 days) and BM and PB BFU-E colonies (at 14 days) were determined. The clots were also incubated with 3H-leucine and the newly synthesized globin chains quantified by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography. The results show that marrow CFU-E and BFU-E are very sensitive to Epo. Half maximal growth is at 0.1-0.25 I.U. Both BM precursors produce Hb A, while Hb F synthesis is below the limits of detection. In contrast, PB BFU-E are less sensitive to Epo. Half maximal growth is at least 0.5 I.U. In addition, they produce 15-20% Hb F. Thus in normal erythropoiesis, BM contains mainly BFU-EA which respond to physiologic Epo concentrations, becoming CFU-EA and finally adult RBC. BFU-EF differentiate minimally in BM at normal Epo concentrations. Instead, they circulate in PB. In anemia, high Epo concentrations stimulate BFU-EF proliferation. F cell production is therefore due to Epo dependent expansion of the BFU-EF pool.
Methods for computing in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra Rome, March 1990

Computation in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry has taken a major step forward in the last decade. This is due to the development of Grobner bases, computer algebra systems which are readily available to researchers, and the great increase in power of computers in this last decade.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors for serological evidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Tests for anti-HCV antibody were carried out by enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) on 101 HIV-infected patients from two university-based outpatient clinics. Anti-HCV antibody reactive samples were tested by using a recom-binant immunoblot assay (RIBA) for HCV antibodies. Fourteen of 101 (13.9%) HIV-infected patients were anti-HCV reactive by EIA. Of these 14, only seven were reactive by RIBA: four were intravenous drug users as a sole risk factor for HIV infection; and the remaining three acquired HIV by blood transfusion, contaminated instrument exposure or IV drug use and sexual contact. Acquisition of HIV by sexual activity alone was not associated with HCV infection. It is concluded that HCV infection is found in approximately 7% of a university HIV clinic population. False-positive anti-HCV antibody serology may lead to overestimation of the prevalence of HCV infection. Female sex and intravenous drug use are significantly associated with HCV infection among HIV-infected individuals.
Behavioral contrast and reinforcement value

Behavioral contrast was produced in two target components of a four-component multiple schedule by having two target stimuli followed either by a higher rate of reinforcement or by extinction. Response rate was higher in the target followed by extinction. Periodic probe trials were then presented in which the two target stimuli were presented together. Choice on these probe trials was in favor of the stimulus followed by the higher rate of reinforcement during regular training. Experiment 2 replicated this finding but with probe trials presented throughout training. Here, preference for the stimulus followed by the higher rate of reinforcement was evident early in training, substantially before the contrast effects developed. The results challenge interpretations of contrast based on the concept of relative value.
mTOR and S6K1 Mediate Assembly of the Translation Preinitiation Complex through Dynamic Protein Interchange and Ordered Phosphorylation Events

In response to nutrients, energy sufficiency, hormones, and mitogenic agents, S6K1 phosphorylates several targets linked to translation. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby S6K1 is activated, encounters substrate, and contributes to translation initiation are poorly understood. We show that mTOR and S6K1 maneuver on and off the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) translation initiation complex in a signal-dependent, choreographed fashion. When inactive, S6K1 associates with the eIF3 complex, while the S6K1 activator mTOR/raptor does not. Cell stimulation promotes mTOR/raptor binding to the eIF3 complex and phosphorylation of S6K1 at its hydrophobic motif. Phosphorylation results in S6K1 dissociation, activation, and subsequent phosphorylation of its translational targets, including eIF4B, which is then recruited into the complex in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Thus, the eIF3 preinitiation complex acts as a scaffold to coordinate a dynamic sequence of events in response to stimuli that promote efficient protein synthesis.
Carbonates in Upper Permian evaporites of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria

Thin black dolomites occur within the evaporitic Alpine Haselgebirge Formation (Late Permian) of the central and eastern Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. They have been compared with the southalpine Bellerophon Formation byTollmann (1964). Samples obtained from the gypsum-anhydrite deposit of Wienern am Grundlsee, Styria, are mostly unfossiliferous mudstones (dolomicrite and dolomicrospar) devoid of sedimentary structures. Only few samples contain a low-diversity ostracode fauna. Electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction analysis indicate well-ordered and near-stoichiometric dolomite (49.9±0.2 mol% CaCO3). The oxygen isotopic composition varies between −3.0 and −5.7‰ PDB. The δ13C ratios fall into two distinct groups: −0.9 to +1.9‰, and −3.5 to −6.8‰ PDB. The carbon isotope data of the first group indicate a predominantly marine origin of the carbonates. The significantly depleted δ13C ratios of the second group are probably due to freshwater influx into the basin and/or sulfate reduction. Sulfur and strontium isotope data from intercalated anhydrite and gypsum preclude an entirely non-marine origin of the brines. The light δ18O ratios are probably due to early diagenetic sulfate reduction and/or dolomite recrystallization during moderate burial. A detailed interpretation of the depositional environment is rendered impossible because of the pervasive alpine tectonics. However, northalpine ‘Bellerophon’ carbonates appear to be restricted to areas of major anhydrite deposition, and are absent in the halitedominated facies.
Studies on correlation between symptoms of ragweed hay fever and titer of thermostable antibody

Abstract 1.1. There was a general lack of correlation between thermostable antibody titer as determined by the methods used and degree of clinical protection. 2.2. The mechanism by which clinical improvement occurs following specific pollen therapy remains unknown.
Patient-Centered Outcomes Composites? A Glimpse of the Future

The field of medicine is rushing headlong into a new, information-intensive era of practice and research. As medicine learns to wield the tools of "big data," there is growing confidence that physicians and researchers will be able to obtain, measure, and analyze information from multiple sources—including the directly solicited views and preferences of patients. In this week's issue of Circulation , Stolker and colleagues provide insight into where this major trend may be headed.1 Using a simple questionnaire administered to cardiovascular clinic patients, they uncovered several intriguing findings. First, they noted a difference between clinical trialists and patients regarding the importance ascribed by each group to preventing different specific outcomes that comprise the classical major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) endpoints used to assess the safety and efficacy of cardiovascular therapies. Second, they found that among the patient respondents to their survey, these weightings also varied as a function of demographic factors. On the basis of these findings, Stolker and colleagues propose that weighted composites could be used to personalize evidence assessment to inform healthcare delivery based on these differences.
Determination of chemical diffusion coefficient of SrFeCo0.5Ox by the conductivity relaxation method

A conductivity relaxation experiment has been conducted on an SrFeCo0.5Ox sample by abruptly changing the oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere and monitoring the change of conductivity as a function of time. The re-equilibrium process obeys Fick's second law. By fitting the relaxation data to the solution of the diffusion equation with appropriate boundary conditions, we could determine the oxygen chemical diffusion coefficient and the activation energy. The oxygen diffusion coefficient is 8.9 × 10−7 cm2/s at 900 °C and it increases with increase in temperature. Measured activation energy is 0.92 eV, which is slightly lower than that of other oxides in the system SrFe1 − xCoxOy.
On surface damage of polymer coated sheet metals during forming

Abstract Prepaint sheet metals are widely used in building construction, packaging, appliance, transportation and automotive industries. Due to tooling contact, damage of polymer coating can occur during sheet metal forming processes. This paper presents an investigation of surface damage of polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF) and polypropylene (PP) coatings in various forming conditions. Strip drawing experiments were conducted to test coatings subjected to bending under tension with sliding contact. The experimental results and numerical simulations suggest that coating damage is commonly caused by low coating strength, high contact pressure, and poor lubrication. The presented experimental approach can be used to facilitate tooling design and lubricant selection in forming prepaint sheet metals.
NEUTRON DAMAGE TO THE STRUCTURE OF VITREOUS SILICA

The x-ray diffraction pattern of vitreous silica has been investigated before and after exposure to neutrons. Small, but significant, changes are observed. A relation between these changes and those caused by neutron damage to crystalline forms of silica is suggested.
Structural and bioinformatic characterization of an Acinetobacter baumannii type II carrier protein.

Microorganisms produce a variety of natural products via secondary metabolic biosynthetic pathways. Two of these types of synthetic systems, the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs), use large modular enzymes containing multiple catalytic domains in a single protein. These multidomain enzymes use an integrated carrier protein domain to transport the growing, covalently bound natural product to the neighboring catalytic domains for each step in the synthesis. Interestingly, some PKS and NRPS clusters contain free-standing domains that interact intermolecularly with other proteins. Being expressed outside the architecture of a multi-domain protein, these so-called type II proteins present challenges to understand the precise role they play. Additional structures of individual and multi-domain components of the NRPS enzymes will therefore provide a better understanding of the features that govern the domain interactions in these interesting enzyme systems. The high-resolution crystal structure of a free-standing carrier protein from Acinetobacter baumannii that belongs to a larger NRPS-containing operon, encoded by the ABBFA_003406–ABBFA_003399 genes of A. baumannii strain AB307-0294, that has been implicated in A. baumannii motility, quorum sensing and biofilm formation, is presented here. Comparison with the closest structural homologs of other carrier proteins identifies the requirements for a conserved glycine residue and additional important sequence and structural requirements within the regions that interact with partner proteins.
Postoperative Myositis in a Neonatal Foal: A Case Report

A foal with azotemia, acidemia, and electrolyte abnormalities was diagnosed with uroperitoneum. The foal was anesthetized with isoflurane, and throughout the 4 hours of anesthesia and abdominal surgery, its mean arterial pressure ranged between 45 and 65 mm Hg. The foal developed a myopathy postoperatively and died 24 hours after surgery.
Finite-volume effects on spectrum calculations: Monte Carlo study of an exactly solvable lattice field theory☆

Abstract A study of finite-lattice-volume effects on Monte Carlo mass calculations is carried out for the massive Thirring/sine-Gordon model. The lattice version of the model on which the Monte Carlo simulations are carried out is provided by the Baxter eight-vertex model, an exactly solved statistical mechanics model. The particle spectrum of this theory consists of fermions and fermion-antifermion bound states. In the infinite volume limit, the mass spectrum of the model is known exactly for any value of the lattice spacing, so it is not necessary to take the lattice spacing to zero to separate finite volume from finite lattice spacing effects. With a modest amount of computer time, the Monte Carlo simulation gives mass values to an accuracy of
Discrete Green functions for layered strata

A finite-element discretization of a layered stratum is considered. The response to a time-harmonic load at a single node is calculated. For all practical purposes, the result is obtained in closed form in the case of two dimensions (line load) while the Fast Fourier Transform is employed in the three-dimensional problem (point load).
Fund-raising models at public historically Black colleges and universities

Abstract This empirical study examined whether public historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) predominantly practiced the press agentry, public information, two-way asymmetrical, two-way symmetrical or mixed motive models of fund raising. The findings reported the heavy usage of press agentry model of fund raising by advancement officers. The most interesting concept emerging from the research was the emergence of a mixed motive model of fund raising. The model describes the practice of fund raising in an adaptable and changing environment and incorporates asymmetrical and symmetrical tactics that describes the actual practice of fund raising.
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Signaling Aberrations in Macronodular Adrenal Disease

: The adrenal glands are a major source of steroid hormone biosynthesis. In normal physiology, the pituitary hormone corticotropin (ACTH) regulates the secretion of glucocorticoids via its G protein-coupled receptor (ACTHR), the product of the MC2R gene. Aldosterone is another major product of the adrenal gland; its regulation is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin system, although ACTH plays a role, too, especially under certain pathological conditions. The adrenal gland also secretes lesser amounts of androgens and intermediate metabolites of all these steroids. Unregulated secretion of any of these hormones can be caused by tumors, adrenocortical adenomas or carcinomas, and/or bilateral (or, rarely, unilateral) hyperplasia. Cortisol-producing hyperplasia of the adrenal glands is caused by two distinct syndromes, both of which have been directly or indirectly associated with protein kinase A signaling: (i) primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) (a micronodular form of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia), either isolated (rarely) or in the context of Carney complex, is caused (in most cases) by mutations of the PRKAR1A gene; and (ii) ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH), or massive macronodular adrenal disease (MMAD), has been associated with aberrant (ectopic) expression, and presumably regulation, of various G protein-coupled receptors. AIMAH is a rare, sporadic condition affecting predominantly middle-aged men and women with an almost equal ratio (the latter in contrast to other forms of endogenous Cushing's syndrome). Some familial cases of AIMAH have also been described, and it appears that the pathophysiological phenomena underlying AIMAH may be present in the far more common, sporadic adrenocortical tumors and, perhaps, in the nodular growth detected in the adrenal glands of the elderly in the general population. Thus, the study of ectopic receptor expression and cAMP-dependent PKA activity in AIMAH may have wider implications for adrenal and, indeed, endocrine tumorigenesis.
The voices of extremism revisited

In the current media marketplace there are advocates of extremism and moderation whose voices compete for adherents. It is the thesis of this essay that Barry Goldwater provided a valid insight when he declared in his famous 1964 Republican convention acceptance speech that moderation is not always a virtue and extremism not always a vice. In arriving at this conclusion, a broad range of moderate and extremist positions are examined and evaluated, on issues involving ethnocentrism, dogmatism, democracy, leadership, journalism, political correctness, freedom of speech and press, and separation of church and state.
A New Inactivating Medium for Hexachlorophene (G-11)

The use of nonionic surface-active agents for the inactivation of Hexachlorophene (G-11) is discussed. Tween-80 is found to be more effective than serum, serum albumin, and globulin in inactivating the antibacterial properties of as much as 0.1 per cent Hexachlorophene in broth. In hand and arm wash studies using Hexachlorophene soaps, Tween-80 is found to give a much higher number of surviving organisms than in those in which serum was used.
Toxic Waste Disposal in Escherichia coli

About 10% of the nalidixic acid-resistant (Nalr) mutants in a transposition-induced library exhibited a growth factor requirement as the result of cysH, icdA, metE, or purB mutation. Resistance in all of these mutants required a functional AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, but the EmrAB-TolC pump played no obvious role. Transcription of acrAB was increased in each type of Nalr mutant. In the icdA and purB mutants, each of the known signaling pathways appeared to be used in activating the AcrAB-TolC pump. The metabolites that accumulate upstream of the blocks caused by the mutations are hypothesized to increase the levels of the AcrAB-TolC pump, thereby removing nalidixic acid from the organism.
Über den Serum-kalkgehalt bei Meerschweinchen Nach Geringen Gaben von Parathormon (Collip)

1. Bei jungen Meerschweinchen verursachten tagliche Gaben von 1 und 5 Einheiten Parathormon (Collip) wahrend einer Dauer von 7–28 Tagen keine Veranderungen im Serum-Kalkspiegel und in den Knochen. 2. Die einmalige Gabe einer Dosis von 40, 60 und 100 Einheiten war 48 Stunden nach der Einverleibung nur in einem Falle von Hypercalcamie begleitet und fuhrte bei allen Versuchstieren zu einem im selben Ausmas gesteigerten Knochenabbau.
To text or not to text? The importance of text messaging among college-aged youth

As the availability, affordability, and popularity of mobile phones has increased in the last decade, text messaging has become one of the primary means of communication among adolescent peer groups. As such, it can be speculated that mobile phones and text messaging have become an integral aspect of the culture of young people today. However, little research has of yet identified how people react to an absence of texting behavior. This study attempts to demonstrate the extent to which people have become reliant upon text messaging to maintain daily relationships with peers, as well as their own self-concept. Frequencies and patterns of alternative behaviors, non-compliance, and anxiety are measured during separate restriction periods among a group of high and low text users, ages 18-23. Results indicate that there was a significant difference between individuals identified as 'high' and 'low' text users, although regardless of this distinction, texting emerged as the preferred form of contact among peers within this cohort. A high degree of quantitatively and qualitatively reported anxiety during periods of restriction was also noted, suggesting that this behavior has become an integrated element of daily living for this group.
Phase and sedimentation behavior of oil (octane) dispersions in the presence of model mineral aggregates

Abstract Adsorption of suspended particles to the interface of surfactant-dispersed oil droplets can alter emulsion phase and sedimentation behavior. This work examines the effects of model mineral aggregates (silica nanoparticle aggregates or SNAs) on the behavior of oil (octane)–water emulsions prepared using sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (DOSS). Experiments were conducted at different SNA hydrophobicities in deionized and synthetic seawater (SSW), and at 0.5 mM and 2.5 mM DOSS. SNAs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the emulsions were examined by optical and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. In deionized water, oil-in-water emulsions were formed with DOSS and the SNAs did not adhere to the droplets or alter emulsion behavior. In SSW, water-in-oil emulsions were formed with DOSS and SNA–DOSS binding through cation bridging led to phase inversion to oil-in-water emulsions. Droplet oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) were observed for hydrophilic SNAs, while hydrophobic SNAs yielded quickly sedimenting agglomerated OMAs.
The future of electroluminescent solids in display applications

A thorough investigation of human color vision and vectorial color space is linked to chemicophysical properties of electroluminescent (EL) solids. Three separate cases are discussed: a single color, several discriminable colors, and full-color-gamut EL displays. A review of chromaticness discrimination, chromatic abberation, color vision abnormalities, and color naming experiments indicates that the preferred monochromatic colors for solid-state displays are 590 nm yellow, 620 nm red, 480 nm blue, and their mixtures. Green is found least suitable under white ambient viewing and should be below 500 nm. It is concluded that while no present commercial material satisfies optimal criteria for any of the three cases, several materials offer a reasonable promise to satisfy the first case, and in part, the second. The long-range prospects of the third case are estimated. Past, present, and future state of the art of electro-luminous yields of the more prominent crystals are analyzed and projected. The future of research and technology throughout the next 25 years is forecast. There seem to be no fundamental obstacles to a significant growth rate of EL displays throughout the rest of this century.
THE EFFECT OF THYROGLOBULIN AND RELATED SUBSTANCES ON THE O2 CONSUMPTION OF LIVER IN VITRO1

Following the isolation of thyroxin by Kendall, the determination of its chemical composition and its synthesis by Harington, and the demonstration that its administration could duplicate the physiological effects of the thyroid gland in vivo, the natural tendency was to regard it as the thyroid hormone. However, while the weight of evidence indicates that the active physiological principle of the thyroid is an iodin-containing substance, the nature of that substance is still obscure, provided it actually is only a single substance, which is itself uncertain. Assuming that it can be regarded as an entity, there is no doubt that thyroxin bears an important relationship to it. Tyrosin would naturally appear to be the ultimate precursor of thyroxin. Other substances, such as diiodothyronin, thyronin, and diiodotyrosin have demanded attention in view of their chemical similarity. Of the latter three, only diiodotyrosin has been shown to be present in the body. The effect of these substances has been studied, ...
Successful catheter ablation of a noninducible ventricular tachycardia.

of approximately 11 cm, use of balloon circumferences proportionate to those in this study, i.e., double 30 mm balloons, would be expected to yield similar results. Nonetheless, these findings suggest that caution should be exercised in the clinical use of an oversized double balloon technique, in which the effective balloon circumference exceeds the mitral annular circumference by >55%, for PMV. The circumference of the double balloons in current clinical use does not exceed that of a normal mitral anulus, and therefore this should not cause the damage observed in the canine model.
Having Friends and Feeling Lonely A Daily Process Examination of Transient Loneliness, Socialization, and Drinking Behavior

Loneliness is a well-known indicator of relationship deficits, with potentially severe consequences on health and well-being (Perlman & Peplau, 1981). Research has used cross-sectional methods to examine behavioral consequences of loneliness (e.g., Cacioppo et al., 2002). However, within-person associations between daily fluctuations in loneliness and subsequent behavioral outcomes have yet to be explored. Using a sample of community-dwelling adults, the authors examined associations between daily loneliness on daily time with others, and subsequent context-specific alcohol consumption (i.e., social and solitary consumption), and individual differences in these patterns of behavior. Daytime loneliness significantly and uniquely predicted patterns of social behavior and context-specific consumption; time with others mediated loneliness–social consumption associations, but not loneliness–solitary consumption relationships. These findings contribute to existing literature by demonstrating the unique properti...
An Attitudinal Correlate of the Status Congruency of Married Women

The study investigates the relationship betweeni status con-gruenicy and ani additudinal measure of political liberalism for a sample of married women. The results provide evidence as to the ubiquity of congruency as a predictive characteristic. Measures of status and congruency were based on status scales of the respondent's education and ethnic background and her husband's income and occupation. Status scales were obtained from the respondent's evaluations of the prestige of various occupations, incomes, educational levels, and ethnic backgrounds. Evaluationis were made by numerical estimation which provided ratio estimates of the differences between characteristics. Results indicated that incongruency and liberalism were directly related. In particular, womiien ten-ded to be more liberal if their educational status was less than their occupational or economnic standing. In light of earlier findings, liberalism was interpreted as a reaction of womeln to problems they may experienice when they marry husbands of a higher status. ecently, status conlgruenicy lhas been increasingly recogniized as an important aspect of social stratification. Status congruency, the relative conlsistency of one's ranking on selected status characteristics, hias been found to be related to several social and psychological variables. The research, however, has focused on the colngrUenicy of personis in a particular position-the head of the household. The congruency of persons in other status positions within the family has been inadequately studied. In the presenlt study a correlate of the congruenicy of those in another position-married women-was investigated. The relationship betweein congruenicy and political liberalisnm was determined. Knowledge of the effects of congruency for those in otlher positions is necessary both to explain behavior and to determine the ubiquity and importance of status congruency as a predictive characteristic. Significantly, a previous study of the relationship between the status congruency of males anld females and symptoms of stress founcd appreciable differences by sex.Lenski has proposed a general hypothesis pr-edictilng the effects of status congruency. "Persons with a low degree of status crystallizationi (congruenlcy) are more likely to be subjected to disturbing experiences in the inter
Noise overshoot at drain current kink in SOI MOSFET

The bias dependence of the drain current noise power of SOI (silicon-on-insulator) MOSFETs was studied, and low frequency noise overshoot at the drain current was observed. The overshoot has a width of about 0.7 V and exhibits a peak noise power which is two orders of magnitude higher than the normal noise level. The SOI devices used in this study were N-channel polysilicon gate MOSFETs on SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) wafers fabricated with conventional submicron CMOS technology. The SOI film thickness, the buried-oxide thickness, and the gate oxide are 100 nm, 300 nm, and 11.5 nm, respectively. A computer-controlled test system was used to conduct the I-V and noise measurement automatically. A model explaining the occurrence of the noise overshoot and the noise peak is proposed. >
Work carried on in the past year by the Bureau of Standards in the development of instruments for use in oceanographic investigations

An informal talk on a few items of interest in the work of the Bureau of Standards, and a few suggestions as to possibilities for the future in the development of oceanographic instruments.
Growth and operation tolerances for Sb-based mid-infrared lasers

The potential performance of InAs/InGaSb-based mid-wavelength infrared lasers is examined theoretically. Band structure engineering is employed to determine the superlattice growth parameters which minimize intersubband absorption and Auger recombination losses, resulting in optimized designs which minimize threshold current densities. Calculations are performed to assess the impact of uncertainties in superlattice layer thicknesses and the temperature of laser operation on these optimized laser designs. We "nd that growth accuracies of $3.5 As for InGaSb and$0.25 As for InAs layers are required to retain optimization. Moreover, it is demonstrated that threshold current densities of the optimized superlattices do not obey a simple „ 0 characteristic temperature parameterization due to sharp structure in the intersubband absorption spectrum, whereas nonoptimized structures have characteristic temperatures in the 30}65 K range. The microscopic calculations employ accurate K’ p superlattice band structures and matrix elements, and evaluations of the gain, intersubband absorption, threshold carrier densities, and radiative and Auger recombination rates to obtain threshold current densities. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Valence Fluctuations and Metallic Behavior in K6Cu12U2S15, a New Quaternary Sulfide with a Unique Three-Dimensional Cubic Framework

Mixed S2−/S1− oxidation states have been discovered in the new quaternary compound K6Cu12U2S15. Synthesized from the reaction of Cu and U in a molten alkali metal/polysulfide flux, the compound crystallizes in the cubic space group Ia3¯d (no. 230) with a=18.642(7) A. Its complex structure is built from [US6] octahedra connected into one-dimensional columns with [CuS3] trigonal planar units, which also serve as inter-column connection points for the extended three-dimensional structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal Curie-Weiss paramagnetic behavior at temperatures above 100 K with a μeff of 2.96 μB per formula. This corresponds to 2.1 μB per U atom, and it is insufficient to distinguish between U4+ and U5+ paramagnetic ions. The conductivity of hot-pressed polycrystalline pellets is ∼1500 S cm−1 at room temperature, and increasing conductivity with decreasing temperature is observed, indicating metallic behavior for the material. Small and positive values for the material's thermopower (3-4 μV K−1 from 100–300 K) also confirm p-type metallic behavior.
Joint radio and optical observations of the most radio-powerful intracloud lightning discharges

Abstract. The most radio-powerful intracloud lightning emissions are associated with a phenomenon variously called "narrow bipolar events" or "compact intracloud discharges". This article examines in detail the coincidence and timing relationship between, on the one hand, the most radio-powerful intracloud lightning events and, on the other hand, optical outputs (or lack thereof) of the same discharge process. This is done, first, using coordinated very high frequency (VHF) and optical observations from the FORTE satellite and, second, using coordinated sferic and all-sky optical observations from the Los Alamos Sferic Array. In both cases, it is found that the sought coincidences are exceedingly rare. Moreover, in the handful of coincidences between optical and intense radio emissions that have been identified, the radio emissions differ from their usual behavior, by being accompanied by approximately simultaneous "conventional" lightning radio emissions. It is implied that the most radio-powerful intracloud emission process essentially differs from ordinary incandescent lightning.
Rewriting Chinese: Style and Innovation in Twentieth-Century Chinese Prose

Everyone who has studied the upheavals of modern China knows that one of them has taken place in Chinese writing. Anyone who has read Chinese texts has also eventually pondered the possible significance of this upheaval for understanding the text, and vice versa. By analyzing formal features and speculating about their relevance to the construction of a modern Chinese culture, this book intends to show why the Chinese have come to write the way they do in this century. Drawing on linguistic and rhetorical descriptions of language in writing as features of style, the author reviews the innovations that have been introduced into modern Chinese prose from both Chinese and foreign sources. The social history of these features, the attempts by various writers to assert cultural, political, and aesthetic principles through them and the resulting tensions and conventions that arise all form the critical framework for a study of Chinese prose literature and its most innovative authors in this century. The study is introduced and informed throughout by a succinct review o scholarly research from a wide range of disciplines relevant to the question of style as an object of study in contemporary criticism. The book begins its approach to style with an Introduction that draws on Gestalt theory, information theory, and linguistics to develop a nuanced concept of what "style" is, one that gives adequate weight to the complex interplay of psychological, formal, and historical features at work. Two chapters then examine various aspects of convention, necessarily a historical phenomenon. The fourth chapter, by contrast, discusses the aesthetic prescriptions by which modern Chinese writers sought consciously to introduce innovation and points out the limitations of a prescriptive approach. The final two chapters study the strategies of specific writers. Almost half the book is an Appendix that consists of a rich catalog of rhetorical and stylistic examples, drawn from a wide range of twentieth-century Chinese literary writing. These hundreds of examples, identified by the nomenclature of grammar, rhetoric, and sentence cohesion, constitute a veritable handbook of modern Chinese prose. The book also contains a Glossary of terms draw from rhetoric and linguistics.
Gas Chromatography with Pulsed Flame Photometric Detection Multiresidue Method for Organophosphate Pesticide and Metabolite Residues at the Parts-Per-Billion Level in Representative Commodities of Fruit and Vegetable Crop Groups

A gas chromatographic method with a pulsed flame photometric detector (P-FPD) is presented for the analysis of 28 parent organophosphate (OP) pesticides and their OP metabolites. A total of 57 organophosphates were analyzed in 10 representative fruit and vegetable crop groups. The method is based on a judicious selection of known procedures from FDA sources such as the Pesticide Analytical Manual and Laboratory Information Bulletins, combined in a manner to recover the OPs and their metabolite(s) at the part-per-billion (ppb) level. The method uses an acetone extraction with either miniaturized Hydromatrix column partitioning or alternately a miniaturized methylene dichloride liquid-liquid partitioning, followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup with graphitized carbon black (GCB) and PSA cartridges. Determination of residues is by programmed temperature capillary column gas chromatography fitted with a P-FPD set in the phosphorus mode. The method is designed so that a set of samples can be prepared in 1 working day for overnight instrumental analysis. The recovery data indicates that a daily column-cutting procedure used in combination with the SPE extract cleanup effectively reduces matrix enhancement at the ppb level for many organophosphates. The OPs most susceptible to elevated recoveries around or greater than 150%, based on peak area calculations, were trichlorfon, phosmet, and the metabolites of dimethoate, fenamiphos, fenthion, and phorate.
On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism.

Anthropomorphism describes the tendency to imbue the real or imagined behavior of nonhuman agents with humanlike characteristics, motivations, intentions, or emotions. Although surprisingly common, anthropomorphism is not invariant. This article describes a theory to explain when people are likely to anthropomorphize and when they are not, focused on three psychological determinants--the accessibility and applicability of anthropocentric knowledge (elicited agent knowledge), the motivation to explain and understand the behavior of other agents (effectance motivation), and the desire for social contact and affiliation (sociality motivation). This theory predicts that people are more likely to anthropomorphize when anthropocentric knowledge is accessible and applicable, when motivated to be effective social agents, and when lacking a sense of social connection to other humans. These factors help to explain why anthropomorphism is so variable; organize diverse research; and offer testable predictions about dispositional, situational, developmental, and cultural influences on anthropomorphism. Discussion addresses extensions of this theory into the specific psychological processes underlying anthropomorphism, applications of this theory into robotics and human-computer interaction, and the insights offered by this theory into the inverse process of dehumanization.
Non-fasting blood testing for lipid screening in children result in statistically significant, but not clinically significant, changes in lipid levels

Commentary on: MJ Steiner, AC Skinner, EM Perrin. Fasting Might Not Be Necessary Before Lipid Screening: A Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study.Pediatrics2011;(In Press).
A multi-user, relationally based inference engine

A multiuser, shared-access, centralized-knowledge-base inference engine which runs in a concurrent-access multiprogramming environment is presented. The system requires no specialized artificial intelligence (AI) hardware or software, is application independent and allows any number of related or unrelated application knowledge bases to be stored in a single, common knowledge structure. >
Reliability-based design optimization by adaptive-sparse polynomial dimensional decomposition

This paper puts forward two new methods for reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of complex engineering systems. The methods involve an adaptive-sparse polynomial dimensional decomposition (AS-PDD) of a high-dimensional stochastic response for reliability analysis, a novel integration of AS-PDD and score functions for calculating the sensitivities of the failure probability with respect to design variables, and standard gradient-based optimization algorithms, encompassing a multi-point, single-step design process. The two methods, depending on how the failure probability and its design sensitivities are evaluated, exploit two distinct combinations built on AS-PDD: the AS-PDD-SPA method, entailing the saddlepoint approximation (SPA) and score functions; and the AS-PDD-MCS method, utilizing the embedded Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) of the AS-PDD approximation and score functions. In both methods, the failure probability and its design sensitivities are determined concurrently from a single stochastic simulation or analysis. When applied in collaboration with the multi-point, single-step framework, the proposed methods afford the ability of solving industrial-scale design problems. Numerical results stemming from mathematical functions or elementary engineering problems indicate that the new methods provide more computationally efficient design solutions than existing methods. Furthermore, shape design of a 79-dimensional jet engine bracket was performed, demonstrating the power of the AS-PDD-MCS method developed to tackle practical RBDO problems.
Using propensity scores to estimate the cost–effectiveness of medical therapies

The cost-effectiveness ratio is a popular statistic that is used by policy makers to decide which programs are cost-effective in the public health sector. Recently, the net monetary benefit has been proposed as an alternative statistical summary measure to overcome the limitations associated with the cost-effectiveness ratio. Research on using the net monetary benefit to assess the cost-effectiveness of therapies in non-randomized studies has yet to be done. Propensity scores are useful in estimating adjusted effectiveness of programs that have non-randomized or quasi-experimental designs. This article introduces the use of propensity score adjustment in cost-effectiveness analyses to estimate net monetary benefits for non-randomized studies. The uncertainty associated with the net monetary benefit estimate is evaluated using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. Our method is illustrated by applying it to SEER-Medicare data for muscle invasive bladder cancer to determine the most cost-effective treatment protocol.
Reduced order multiport parallel and multidirectional neural associative memories

This paper proposes multiport parallel and multidirectional intraconnected associative memories of outer product type with reduced interconnections. Some new reduced order memory architectures such as k-directional and k-port parallel memories are suggested. These architectures are, also, very suitable for implementation of spatio-temporal sequences and multiassociative memories. It is shown that in the proposed memory architectures, a substational reduction in interconnections is achieved if the actual length of original N-bit long vectors is subdivided into k sublengths. Using these sublengths, submemory matrices, T s or W s , are computed, which are then intraconnected to form k-port parallel or k-directional memories. The subdivisions of N-bit long vectors into k sublengths save $${\frac{(k-1)\times 100}{k}\% }$$of interconnections. It is shown, by means of an example, that more than 80% reduction in interconnections is achieved. Minimum limit in bits on k as well as maximum limit on subdivisions in k is determined. The topologies of reduced interconnectivity developed in this paper are symmetric in structure and can be used to scale up to larger systems. The underlying principal of construction, storage and retrieval processes of such associative memories has been analyzed. The effect of complexity of different levels of reduced interconnectivity on the quality of retrieval, signal to noise ratio, and storage capacity has been investigated. The model possesses analogies to biological neural structures and digital parallel port memories commonly used in parallel and multiprocessing systems.
Ca2+-dependent conformational changes in bovine GCAP-2

GCAP-2, a mammalian photoreceptor-specific protein, is a Ca2+-dependent regulator of the retinal membrane guanylyl cyclases (Ret-GCs). Sensing the fall in intracellular free Ca2+ after photo-excitation, GCAP-2 stimulates the activity of Ret-GC leading to cGMP production. Like other members of the recoverin superfamily, GCAP-2 is a small N-myristoylated protein containing four EF-hand consensus motifs. In this study, we demonstrate that like recoverin and neurocalcin, GCAP-2 alters its conformation in response to Ca2+-binding as measured by a Ca2+-dependent change in its far UV CD spectrum. Differences in the conformation of the Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free forms of GCAP-2 were also observed by examining their relative susceptibility to V8 protease. In contrast to recoverin, we do not observe proteolytic cleavage of the myristoylated N-terminus of Ca2+-bound GCAP-2. NMR spectra also show that, in contrast to recoverin, the chemical environment of the N-terminus of GCAP-2 is not dramatically altered by Ca2+ binding. Despite the similarity of GCAP-2 and recoverin, the structural consequences of Ca2+-binding for these two proteins are significantly dissimilar.
On Estimating Distribution Functions Using Nomination Samples

Abstract A nomination sample consists of independently distributed maxima from subsamples of a population with the same underlying distribution. Nomination sampling occurs when only the item with largest value is chosen from each of n independent subsamples. If the subsamples differ in size, then these observed order statistics are not identically distributed, so estimation schemes built on assumptions of independently and identically distributed (iid) data are most likely inappropriate. But we can exploit the structure of the data from the nomination sample by conditioning on the observed order of the independent maxima, and form a least squares estimator of the distribution function that minimizes risk with respect to squared error loss using an approach similar to one found in Ferguson, where the case for iid data is presented. The result is a product estimator that is consistent and compares favorably with the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator proposed by Boyles and Samaniego, as indicated by...
Loop antenna measurements

Experimental measurements on three loop antenna configurations are presented. The technique for obtaining impedance and current distributions using a single-wire transmission line over an image plane is described with particular attention given to the difficulties encountered. The results are reproduced in graphical form, and for loops where theoretical results are available, curves comparing theory and experiment are presented.
Putting style online

An online medium has been used to provide style information that is conventionally provided in a printed style guide. The information is organized in the form of help files instead of retaining the conventional chapters and sections of the original guide. Various techniques have been employed to help the reader use online information. >
Interactions between Near-Inertial Mixed Layer Currents and the Mesoscale: The Importance of Spatial Variabilities in the Vorticity Field*

Abstract Satellite-tracked mixed-layer drifter data from the 1987 Ocean Storms Experiment in the northeast Pacific are used to study the temporal and spatial variability in the near-inertial currents of the surface mixed layer. The data suggest that the near-inertial currents interact with the mesoscale vorticity. To explore the exact nature of this relationship, an asymptotic analysis is extended to include the mesoscale and it is shown that not only gradients in the planetary vorticity (β) but also the gradients in the mesoscale vorticity affect the generation and evolution of near-inertial mixed layer currents. While the β effect is relevant for the large-scale evolution of the near-inertial currents, the vorticity gradients of the mesoscale field determine the local behavior of near-inertial currents. Using a three-dimensional model it is shown that areas of large gradients in the mesoscale vorticity coincide with areas of low near-inertial energy. The smaller spatial scales in the near-inertial energ...
HIV-1 virion production from single inducible proviruses following T-cell activation ex vivo

Quantifying induced virion production from single proviruses is important for assessing the effects of HIV-1 latency reversal agents. Limiting dilution ex vivo cultures of resting CD4(+) T cells from 14 HIV-positive volunteers revealed that virion production after T-cell activation from individual proviruses varies by 10,000-fold to 100,000-fold. High-producing proviruses were associated with increases in cell-associated HIV-1 DNA levels, suggesting that reactivated proviruses proliferate. Single-cell analyses are needed to investigate differences in proviral expansion and virus production following latency reversal.