cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Limits of Civil Society in Democratic Indonesia: Media Freedom and Religious Intolerance

AbstractIndonesian democracy has been challenged by rising religious intolerance and discriminatory attitudes in civil society since the mid-2000s, despite expanded freedom in many areas including the media. Why has Indonesian civil society been put on the defensive by radical and conservative Islamic elements in the context of democratic consolidation? What role has expanded freedoms and a flourishing of new media and information technologies played? This article argues that two factors have contributed to the rising influence of religious hardliners/radicals and increasing religious intolerance. The first is hardliner access not only to new media but, more importantly, to traditional means and institutions for religious and political mobilisation, including state apparatus, to cultivate antagonistic sentiments and attitudes against what they consider the enemies of Islam within the Muslim communities while disseminating narrow and dogmatic interpretations of Islam. The other is the rise of conservative ...
Argumentation, metadiscourse and social cognition: organizing knowledge in political communication

The present article attempts to contribute to a multidisciplinary approach to communication phenomena that emphasizes the interplay among cognition, discourse and society. I propose an examination of the role that these three elements play in argumentation and meta-discourse as a useful starting point for understanding, first, how arguments are formed and second, the role that meta-discursive devices play in this process. In the first two sections I conduct a brief review of literature on the concepts of argumentation and meta-discourse to show how a socio-cognitive approach can enlighten our understanding of both. This model is then applied in the analysis section to look at a plenary session at the European Parliament. I conduct a socio-cognitive discourse analysis, based on which I identify different relevant paths followed by speakers when constructing arguments: (re)framings, (re)definitions, quotations and references to previous events. The findings demonstrate how the different levels of meta-disco...
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE CHEMISTRY OF TERPENOID TUMOR INHIBITORS

A continuing search for tumor inhibitors from plant sources has yielded over two hundred extracts with reproducible growth-inhibitory activity. Systematic fractionation, guided by assay in cell culture and animal tumor systems, has led to the isolation of the active principles of more than sixty plants. Chemical studies of novel sesquiterpene lactones, diterpenoid quinone methides, steriod lactones and other terpenoid tumour inhibitors are discussed.
The Role of Trauma Symptoms in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Reports of traumatic events by individuals who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are common; yet, evidence for the relation between traumatic events and NSSI is inconclusive. This review explores the thesis that trauma symptoms, rather than the experience of a traumatic event per se, underlie this relation, specifically suggesting that trauma symptoms might serve as a mediator. The literature indicates that self-injury plays an important functional role in coping with trauma symptoms such that self-injury can provide an escape from intrusive thoughts and aversive emotional states, as well as end dissociation and periods of numbness through the generation of feelings. Additionally, trauma symptoms have been shown to mediate the relation between the occurrence of traumatic events and NSSI. Taken together, trauma symptoms may play an important role in the development and maintenance of NSSI. The review concludes with treatment implications and future directions for research.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a somewhat chemotherapy-sensitive, but highly lethal, sarcoma diagnosis. Distribution by age for adults is shown in Fig. 19.1, emphasizing that it is an uncommon tumor, seen mainly in adolescents and young adults (age 15–30). There is a strong male predominance (∼5:1) and nearly always affects the peritoneum as multifocal/metastatic disease (Fig. 19.2). The best outcomes from therapy are those who have both a good response to chemotherapy (using agents typically employed for Ewing sarcoma) and successful surgical debulking [1]. Rare patients will present with disease elsewhere; if disease is localized, the cure rate is expected to be higher than the 5–15 % typically encountered for those patients with primary abdominal disease [1, 2].
Monitoring of motor evoked potentials with high intensity repetitive transcranial electrical stimulation during spinal surgery

Objective.Clinical utility of high voltage repetitive transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) was investigated in 46 patients undergoing spine surgery. Methods.During spinal surgery, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from upper or lower limb muscles following high voltage repetitive TES of motor cortex under propofol and opioid/N2O anesthesia. Results.The number of responses evoked by the double pulse stimulation was significantly higher than the single pulse stimulation. A similar finding was obtained when repetitive and single pulse stimulation was compared. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded from upper and lower limbs in 4 patients with cervical spine myelopathy. The CMAP was absent on the affected side in 1 patient, which improved slightly after decompression. Radiculopathy was clinically present in 6 patients undergoing posterior lumbar decompression and fusion. No improvement of MEP was noted intraoperatively after spinal decompression and instrumentation. Conclusion.The findings suggest that intraoperative MEP monitoring is feasible method, however, its immediate prognostic value for adequacy of neuronal decompression and improvement requires further studies with larger patient population.
Investigation of the Promotion Effect of Germane in Low Temperature Uhv-Cvd Silicon

High quality, low defect density, single crystalline silicon/germanium alloys have been grown on Si(100) substrate wafers in a low temperature UHV-CVD reactor. Using a silane/germane gaseous source, the growth rate of the epitaxial layer increases from 4 angstroms/minute with no germane present to 82 angstroms/minute with 12.7% germane present in the reaction gas mixture at 550C. The germanium/silicon ratio in the deposited alloy is a factor of two greater than the germane/silane ratio in the reaction gas mixture. The kinetics of this effect are studied and correlation to UHV hydrogen thermal desorption from single crystal silicon-germanium alloys are made.
Deserters of Cremnops desertor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae): Delimiting species boundaries in the C. desertor species-complex

The concept of the species Cremnops desertor (Linnaeus, 1758) and its complicated taxonomic history are discussed. A phylogenetic distance tree, based on COI data, is used to help delimit species. The recognition of C. alternans Enderlein, 1920 and C. malayensis Bhat, 1979 is proposed. Images, distribution maps, and suggestions for further research are included.
Distinct Visual Evoked Potential Morphological Patterns for Apparent Motion Processing in School-Aged Children.

Measures of visual cortical development in children demonstrate high variability and inconsistency throughout the literature. This is partly due to the specificity of the visual system in processing certain features. It may then be advantageous to activate multiple cortical pathways in order to observe maturation of coinciding networks. Visual stimuli eliciting the percept of apparent motion and shape change is designed to simultaneously activate both dorsal and ventral visual streams. However, research has shown that such stimuli also elicit variable visual evoked potential (VEP) morphology in children. The aim of this study was to describe developmental changes in VEPs, including morphological patterns, and underlying visual cortical generators, elicited by apparent motion and shape change in school-aged children. Forty-one typically developing children underwent high-density EEG recordings in response to a continuously morphing, radially modulated, circle-star grating. VEPs were then compared across the age groups of 5-7, 8-10, and 11-15 years according to latency and amplitude. Current density reconstructions were performed on VEP data in order to observe activated cortical regions. It was found that two distinct VEP morphological patterns occurred in each age group. However, there were no major developmental differences between the age groups according to each pattern. Current density reconstructions further demonstrated consistent visual generators across age and pattern. These results describe two novel VEP morphological patterns in typically developing children, but with similar underlying cortical sources. The importance of these morphological patterns is discussed in terms of future studies and the investigation of a relationship to visual cognitive performance.
From Archimedes to Khayyam

In this chapter we concentrate on the fate of Archimedes' problem in one eminent work of Arabic science: Omar Khayyam's Algebra (eleventh to twelfth centuries). (This is, of course, the same Omar Khayyam famous for his Persian poetry; here we concentrate on his science.) As we shall see below, this decision to focus on Khayyam is to a certain extent arbitrary: the problem had a significant history in the Arabic world before and after Khayyam. He does occupy a special position in the history of the problem. Our knowledge of Arabic treatments prior to him is in some cases derived from him alone (much as we know of early Greek treatments of the problem through the work of Eutocius). And while the later history of the problem adds much that is mathematically valuable, we can usefully end our survey with Khayyam. With him, as we shall see, the route from problems to equations is largely completed. It is also helpful to compare like with like: and it is therefore appropriate to have our survey – begun with the genius of Archimedes – end with the genius of Khayyam. Our goal in this chapter, then, is to show that Khayyam's mathematics already differs essentially from Archimedes'. This should be a deep conceptual divide, along the lines suggested by Klein and Unguru. We also need to show the historical basis for this divide, in terms of changes in the practice of mathematics from the world of Archimedes to the world of Khayyam.
When an M.D. Gives an R.N. a Harmful Order: Modifying a Bind

(1984). When an M.D. Gives an R.N. a Harmful Order: Modifying a Bind. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 8, Communication Yearbook 8, pp. 764-778.
Electrogram characteristics in postinfarction ventricular tachycardia: Effect of infarct age

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to correlate infarct age with characteristics of the endocardial electrograms (EGM) obtained in patients undergoing mapping procedures for postinfarction ventricular tachycardia (VT). BACKGROUND Experimental studies have demonstrated that infarct age influences EGM duration in the subepicardial left ventricle (LV). The relationship between infarct age and endocardial EGM characteristics has not been investigated in patients with postinfarction VT. METHODS In a consecutive series of 23 patients with a history of remote infarction (range 1 to 31 years) and VT, endocardial LV mapping was performed with an electroanatomical mapping system (CARTO, Biosense Webster Inc., Diamond Bar, California) during sinus rhythm. Electrogram morphology and width were analyzed and correlated with infarct age. Isthmus sites of the VT re-entry circuits were identified by entrainment mapping and related to the results of substrate mapping. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between infarct age and width of the bipolar endocardial EGM during baseline rhythm in the peri-infarct zone (r = 0.84; p < 0.0001). Increasing infarct age was associated with progressive activation delays in the scar and with isolated potentials separated by an isoelectric interval, the duration of which also correlated with infarct age (r = 0.77; p < 0.001). Among all endocardial sites, the VT isthmus sites displayed the most delay and broadest EGMs during sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS The presence of broad, fractionated EGMs and isolated potentials indicates a healed myocardial infarction; the older the infarction, the broader the EGM width. Remodeling over time alters the electrophysiologic properties of the peri-infarct tissue.
Performance analysis of frequency hopped/coherent MPSK in the presence of multitone jamming

This paper studies the performance of frequency hopped/coherent M-ary PSK signals in the presence of partial-band multitone jamming. The probability density function for the jammed received signal phase is found. This function is utilized in obtaining a probability of error expression. We also provide the analytical expressions to assess the performance under worst case multitone jamming. >
The Seifert-van Kampen Theorem in Homotopy Type Theory

Homotopy type theory is a recent research area connecting type theory with homotopy theory by interpreting types as spaces. In particular, one can prove and mechanize type-theoretic analogues of homotopy-theoretic theorems, yielding "synthetic homotopy theory". Here we consider the Seifert-van Kampen theorem, which characterizes the loop structure of spaces obtained by gluing. This is useful in homotopy theory because many spaces are constructed by gluing, and the loop structure helps distinguish distinct spaces. The synthetic proof showcases many new characteristics of synthetic homotopy theory, such as the "encode-decode" method, enforced homotopy-invariance, and lack of underlying sets.
Long QT Syndrome and Sports Participation: Oil and Water or an Acceptable and Manageable Combination?∗

Flash back 20 years ago to Bethesda 26. Sports participation and athletes with clinically manifest long QT syndrome (LQTS) were viewed as “oil and water,” essentially a “no-can-do” combination [(1)][1]. Then, a decade later in 2005, Bethesda 36 and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
Oh, No, It’s a Serial! or, Cataloging 19th-Century Serials

Volumes have been written on the literary, historical, and cultural significance of 19th-century serials. Special collections are regularly offered materials by booksellers which, upon closer examination, bear the marks, however carefully hidden, of being a serial. These materials may be literary works included in issues of periodicals, U.S. government documents, or periodicals reissued by the publisher with a new title page. We are regularly presented with challenges to identify citations without a clue that what is cited is not a monograph but actually in an uncited serial. Two examples typify the kinds of situations we encounter when dealing with serials. . . .
The Development of International Trade Theory

Trade theory is the oldest branch of economics. The reason may well be that the central economic fallacy prior to Adam Smith had to do with international exchanges: the mercantilist doctrine that the only way for a country to prosper was to run an export surplus. When Adam Smith and David Hume exploded this fallacy, the way was set for a paradigm shift. Thus, the revolution in trade theory occurred very early when David Ricardo stumbled onto the law of comparative advantage. As fate would have it, the paradigm shift was sort of a family affair. James Mill, the father of John Stuart Mill, had convinced Ricardo to write a book explaining economics. It was during the writing of that book the essential revolution occurred; and John Stuart, who of course knew Ricardo as a child, completed the paradigm shift when he presented the Ricardian model as we know it today — a model which still flourishes in the modern literature as a vehicle for exploring difficult issues.
Estimating the Proportion of Childhood Cancer Cases and Costs Attributable to the Environment in California.

Objectives. To estimate the proportion of cases and costs of the most common cancers among children aged 0 to 14 years (leukemia, lymphoma, and brain or central nervous system tumors) that were attributable to preventable environmental pollution in California in 2013.Methods. We conducted a literature review to identify preventable environmental hazards associated with childhood cancer. We combined risk estimates with California-specific exposure prevalence estimates to calculate hazard-specific environmental attributable fractions (EAFs). We combined hazard-specific EAFs to estimate EAFs for each cancer and calculated an overall EAF. Estimated economic costs included annual (indirect and direct medical) and lifetime costs.Results. Hazards associated with childhood cancer risks included tobacco smoke, residential exposures, and parental occupational exposures. Estimated EAFs for leukemia, lymphoma, and brain or central nervous system cancer were 21.3% (range = 11.7%–30.9%), 16.1% (range = 15.0%–17.2%), an...
Land Policy as a Case Study in Excess Intervention

Chapter 6 stressed the importance of well-defined, securely protected property rights to ensuring efficient markets. Efficient private resource use depends upon the unambiguous granting to one entity of the right to use land and other resources. The experience viewed here suggests that attaining and maintaining private ownership too often is unjustifiably restricted. The efficiency of markets, in turn, affects the optimality of land law.
The DEAD-Box Protein CYT-19 Uses Arginine Residues in Its C-Tail To Tether RNA Substrates

DEAD-box proteins are nonprocessive RNA helicases that play diverse roles in cellular processes. The Neurospora crassa DEAD-box protein CYT-19 promotes mitochondrial group I intron splicing and functions as a general RNA chaperone. CYT-19 includes a disordered, arginine-rich “C-tail” that binds RNA, positioning the helicase core to capture and unwind nearby RNA helices. Here we probed the C-tail further by varying the number and positions of arginines within it. We found that removing sets of as few as four of the 11 arginines reduced RNA unwinding activity (kcat/KM) to a degree equivalent to that seen upon removal of the C-tail, suggesting that a minimum or “threshold” number of arginines is required. In addition, a mutant with 16 arginines displayed RNA unwinding activity greater than that of wild-type CYT-19. The C-tail modifications impacted unwinding only of RNA helices within constructs that included an adjacent helix or structured RNA element that would allow C-tail binding, indicating that the hel...
P28 Unloading reaction alterations in patients with functional ankle instability

Study Design Exploratory design. Objectives To assess the ‘unloading reaction’ in patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) in a laboratory setting. Background Ankle giving-way or feelings of ankle instability after a lateral ankle sprain is a key component in the diagnosis of functional ankle instability (FAI). However, the aetiology of ankle giving-way phenomenon remains unclear. Methods and Measures We studied the unloading reaction in 24 subjects with unilateral FAI (65% females; mean age: 34.2±7.7 years) recruited from the community. A trapdoor device with a tilt platform causing sudden 30° ankle supination was used to test both ankles in random order on two different days three days apart. The first five trials of sudden trapdoor drop occurred without nociceptive electrical stimulation (‘no stim’) followed by five trials of the combined trapdoor drop with nociceptive stimulation (‘with stim’). Unloading reaction was quantified by recording the maximal reduction in total body weight (RBW) using the two force platforms at least 0.5 s after the trapdoor release. Paired samples t-test was used to determine between-ankle and testing condition differences in the average RBW. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The averaged RBW in the injured ankles was 120.6±188.0 n under ‘with stim’ condition, which was significantly greater (p Conclusion This study demonstrates significant increase in unloading reaction on the injured ankles when tested under sudden ankle stretch and nociceptive stimulation. This finding may help to understand the aetiology of ankle giving way.
Dynamic Electronic Health Record Note Prototype: Seeing More by Showing Less.

Introduction Cluttered documentation may contribute adversely to physician readers' cognitive load, inadvertently obscuring high-value information with less valuable information. We test the hypothesis that a novel, collapsible assessment, plan, subjective, objective (APSO) note design would be faster, more accurate, and more satisfying to use than a conventional electronic health record (EHR) subjective, objective, assessment, plan (SOAP) note for finding information needed for ambulatory chronic disease care. Methods We iteratively developed physician clinic note prototypes with features designed to emphasize more important information and de-emphasize less clinically relevant information. Sixteen primary care physicians reviewed comparable clinic notes with the 4 note styles presented in random order to find key information in the notes during timed tasks. The 4 note styles were denoted A (traditional SOAP note), B (2-column APSO note), C (collapsible APSO note), and D (2-column collapsible APSO note). The 4 unique note styles were designed to have equal amounts of information in each section. We simulated their utility for clinical practice by imposing time limits and by interrupting 1 of the tasks with a typical clinical interruption. For each session, we recorded audio, computer-screen activity, eye tracking, and made field notes. We obtained usability ratings (System Usability Scale), new feature preference ratings, and performed semistructured post-task interviews with subsequent content analysis. We compared the effectiveness of the 4 note styles by measuring time on task, task success (accuracy), and effort as measured by NASA Task Load Index. Results Note styles C and D were significantly faster than A and B for the Review of Systems and Physical Examination tasks, as we expected. Notes B and C had the best success (finding requested data) scores. Users strongly endorsed all the new note features incorporated into the new note prototypes. Previously expressed concerns about temporarily hiding parts of the note (using the accordion display design pattern) were allayed. Usability ratings for note A were worst but comparably better for note styles B, C, and D. Discussion The new APSO note prototypes performed better than the traditional SOAP note format for speed, task success (accuracy), and usability for physician users acquiring information needed for a typical chronic disease visit in primary care. Moving Assessment and Plan to the top is 1 easily accomplished feature change. Innovative documentation displays of EHR data can safely improve information display without eliminating data from the record of the visit.
Zeolite Adsorption Free Energies from Ab initio Potentials of Mean Force

The ability of metal-exchanged zeolites to chemisorb small gas molecules is key to their performance as heterogeneous catalysts and gas-separating agents. Here, we propose and evaluate an ab initio potential of mean force (PMF) method for computing adsorption free energies of representative small molecules to Cu-exchanged sites in SSZ-13 zeolite. We show that Cu ions are mobilized by adsorbates and, as a result, computed free energies are significantly more negative than those obtained from a conventional harmonic oscillator model. PMF-derived free energies are consistent with available experiment and, in many cases, with a dynamics-based quasi-harmonic analysis (QHA). The PMF approach avoids the artificial partitioning of degrees of freedom intrinsic to the QHA. On the basis of the PMF results, we propose a simple correlation to estimate free energies from computed adsorption energies and gas-phase entropies.
Change is key to frog survival

Outbreaks of infectious wildlife diseases often reduce host population size, but rarely cause extinction. An exception is the ongoing global decline of amphibians ( 1 ). A pathogenic chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), may affect amphibian species little to not at all, predictably reduce population size, or have a role in extinction ( 2 ). On page 1517 of this issue, Voyles et al. ( 3 ) report that at three sites in Panama, amphibian population sizes declined substantially, and most species went missing after the chytrid fungus emerged in their habitats. However, other frog species survived as Bd became endemic (see the figure). Only 9 frog species to date (∼12% of species before the fungus arrived) returned to population levels approaching those estimated before Bd emerged ( 4 ). Voyles et al. show that the frog species that recovered did so as a result of changes in their traits and not due to a decrease in Bd's pathogenicity.
The Role of Trigger Point Injections in the Development of Private Practice

The author discusses how a knowledge of needling and infiltration of tender, abnormal tissues using a specific technique and special follow-up physical therapy has changed the dynamics of his own private practice. In addition to adding substantially to the success rate of treatments in private practice, trigger point injections also provide immediate relief of pain. Functional recovery and the return to work and sports is achieved in a shorter period of time.
The Other Side of Psychopharmacology: A Review of the Literature

A number of literature reviews exist that support the use of psychotropic medications. This article provides a review of the disconfirming literature regarding psychopharmacology use. Comparing the first review of psychopharmacology published in the counseling field two decades earlier to what is known currently, I examine recent developments in psychopharmacology research focusing on the safety, efficacy, side-effects, and theoretical assumptions of various classes of psychotropic medications. This article concludes by addressing counselor identity, practice and training concerns vis-a-vis psychiatric medications and the medical model.
Inguinal and Femoral Anatomy

Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed operations by a general surgeon. As is true with most surgical interventions, a majority of the surgical technique is based on the underlying anatomy or disruption of that anatomy. Comprehensive knowledge of the muscles, fascia, nerves, blood vessels, and spermatic cord structures in the inguinal region are needed to provide the best technique with lowest recurrence and complication rates. This chapter details surgical anatomy and explains its relevance to important key surgical techniques in use now for inguinal hernia repair.
Smart Grid

With no less than half a billion people in the world without electricity supply, and electricity being the back bone for technological development, it makes sense that electricity is the center of discussion. While innovation and technology have radically transformed other industrial sectors, the electric system, has continued to operate the same way for decades. The real challenge today is not to meet the minimum functionality but to be prepared for future demands. These demands make it necessary for the transformation from regular grid to a Smart Grid. In this paper, the Smart Grid was evaluated for its impacts on the environment, industry, and the global population. Additionally, the role of ICTs in solving the hurdles of Smart Grid has been examined.
False Data Injection Attacks in Internet of Things and Deep Learning enabled Predictive Analytics.

Industry 4.0 is the latest industrial revolution primarily merging automation with advanced manufacturing to reduce direct human effort and resources. Predictive maintenance (PdM) is an industry 4.0 solution, which facilitates predicting faults in a component or a system powered by state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) algorithms and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors. However, IoT sensors and deep learning (DL) algorithms, both are known for their vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks. In the context of PdM systems, such attacks can have catastrophic consequences as they are hard to detect due to the nature of the attack. To date, the majority of the published literature focuses on the accuracy of DL enabled PdM systems and often ignores the effect of such attacks. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of IoT sensor attacks on a PdM system. At first, we use three state-of-the-art DL algorithms, specifically, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a turbofan engine using NASA's C-MAPSS dataset. The obtained results show that the GRU-based PdM model outperforms some of the recent literature on RUL prediction using the C-MAPSS dataset. Afterward, we model two different types of false data injection attacks (FDIA) on turbofan engine sensor data and evaluate their impact on CNN, LSTM, and GRU-based PdM systems. The obtained results demonstrate that FDI attacks on even a few IoT sensors can strongly defect the RUL prediction. However, the GRU-based PdM model performs better in terms of accuracy and resiliency. Lastly, we perform a study on the GRU-based PdM model using four different GRU networks with different sequence lengths. Our experiments reveal an interesting relationship between the accuracy, resiliency and sequence length for the GRU-based PdM models.
Managing in the Age of Anxiety

Employees in a range of organizations live in a state of heightened anxiety today attributable to common sources arising from the potential for war and terrorism, natural disasters, cyber-threats, political climate, and the like, as well as constant media coverage of these concerns. Drawing on the extensive literature on terror management theory, we recommend four approaches to addressing this problem. These are: (a) specifying norms and building self-esteem, (b) building empathy, (c) encouraging a collectivist mindset, and, (d) encouraging helping behavior. We discuss each approach and provide some representative examples.
Investigating the cycling of chromium in the oxygen deficient waters of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Ocean and the Santa Barbara Basin using stable isotopes

Abstract Cr isotope geochemistry is being explored in the context of a variety of geological problems as well as the environmental remediation of pollutant Cr(VI). There is a strong Cr isotope fractionation during reduction of oxidized Cr(VI) to reduced Cr(III). We present chromium concentration and Cr isotope data for samples from highly reducing environments ([O2]
Defects in long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase lead to hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The incidence of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been increasing at an alarming rate. Little is known about NAFLD without cirrhosis as a risk for HCC. Here we report, for the first time, generation of a mouse model with a defect in long-chain 3-hydoxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD). The LCHAD exon 15 deletion was embryonic lethal to the homozygous mice whereas heterozygous mice (HT) develop significant hepatic steatosis starting at young age (3 months old) and HCC at older age (>13 months old) without any evidence of fibrosis or cirrhosis. None of the wild-type (WT) mice developed steatosis and HCC (n = 39), whereas HT-LCHAD mice (n = 41) showed steatosis and ~20% (8/41) developed liver masses with histological features of HCC. Proteomic analysis of liver tissues from WT-mice and HT-mice with no signs of HCC was conducted. Proteins with significant changes in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Abundance of 24 proteins was significantly different (p < 0.01) between WT and HT-LCHAD mice. The proteins found to vary in abundance are associated with different cellular response processes ranging from intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid to oxidative stress, signal transduction and the process of tumorigenesis. Protein expression pattern of the HT-LCHAD mouse liver indicates predisposition to HCC and suggests that impaired hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation plays an important role in the development and progression of HCC. To assess the implication of these studies in human disease, we demonstrated significant downregulation of HADHA transcripts in HCC patients.
The 'Inviolate Personality' - Warren and Brandeis After One Hundred Years: Introduction to A Symposium on the Right of Privacy

This symposium celebrates the 100th anniversary of the publication of Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis’ Right of Privacy published in 1890. The issues range from protection from the press to the influence of technology and discusses the subsequent commentaries, such as those of Prosser and Blaustein, which addressed the original article. The symposium uses these guideposts to track the development of the right to privacy over the last hundred years.
TU-PIS-Exhibit Hall-5: Use of the Enterprise-wide Dose Tracking Software Radimetrics In an Academic Medical System

The current clinical standard of organ respiratory imaging, 4D-CT, is fundamentally limited by poor soft-tissue contrast and imaging dose. These limitations are potential barriers to beneficial “4D” radiotherapy methods which optimize the target and OAR dose-volume considering breathing motion but rely on a robust motion characterization. Conversely, MRI imparts no known radiation risk and has excellent soft-tissue contrast. MRI-based motion management is therefore highly desirable and holds great promise to improve radiotherapy of moving cancers, particularly in the abdomen. Over the past decade, MRI techniques have improved significantly, making MR-based motion management clinically feasible. For example, cine MRI has high temporal resolution up to 10 f/s and has been used to track and/or characterize tumor motion, study correlation between external and internal motions. New MR technologies, such as 4D-MRI and MRI hybrid treatment machines (i.e. MR-linac or MR-Co60), have been recently developed. These technologies can lead to more accurate target volume determination and more precise radiation dose delivery via direct tumor gating or tracking. Despite all these promises, great challenges exist and the achievable clinical benefit of MRI-based tumor motion management has yet to be fully explored, much less realized. In this proposal, we will review novel MR-based motion management methods and technologies, the state-of-the-art concerning MRI development and clinical application and the barriers to more widespread adoption. Learning Objectives: 1. Discuss the need of MR-based motion management for improving patient care in radiotherapy. 2. Understand MR techniques for motion imaging and tumor motion characterization. 3. Understand the current state of the art and future steps for clinical integration. Henry Ford Health System holds research agreements with Philips Healthcare. Research sponsored in part by a Henry Ford Health System Internal Mentored Grant.
A statistical method for analysis of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell TK locus forward mutation assay: Comparison of results among three laboratories

Analysis of data from our laboratory and that of two National Cancer Institute contractor laboratories indicate the random variation in the results of the mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell TK locus mutation assay can be adequately described by a lognormal distribution. This indicates that transformation of mutant frequencies to logarithms enables one to properly use well-known statistical techniques such as analysis of variance, regression analysis, and Student's t-test for the interpretation of data from this assay. The consistency of the lognormal distribution among laboratories is demonstrated. Three examples which illustrate the mechanics and interpretation of the proposed methodology are included. It is concluded that the method is effective in identifying weak mutagens as well as enabling the user to compute the uncertainty associated with an observed increase in mutagenic activity.
Gamma-irradiation of deoxyribonucleic acid in dilute solutions. II. Molecular mechanisms responsible for inactivation of phage, its transfecting DNA, and of bacterial transforming activity.

Free phage φ29, its infectious DNA, and transforming DNA of the Bacillus subtilis host have been subjected to γ-irradiation in dilute aqueous buffer. Inactivation of phage and of its extracted DNA (transfecting activity) correlated with double-strand scissions, whereas transforming activity was lost as the result of single-strand breaks in DNA. While the single-strand breaks in phage DNA are most probably repaired, the double-strand scissions disrupt the continuity of the phage genome and would generally not be repaired under conditions of single infection. On the other hand, single-strand breaks in transforming DNA seem to prevent the integration of donor DNA, an obligatory step in bacterial transformation which apparently depends on the integrity of the single strands of the DNA. The possible significance of single- and double-strand scission of DNA in determining the survival of intact cells is discussed.
The NIMH experimental medicine initiative.

Much has been written about the dire state of treatment development for mental disorders (1). While there has been progress in the development of devices and psychosocial treatments, psychopharmacology over the past decade appears to have stalled after four decades of exuberant growth (2).
Vegetative bacteriophage λ DNA: II. Physical characterization and replication

The structure and replication of the fast-sedimenting form of λ DNA found after infection have been examined. The sedimentation rate at neutral and alkaline (strand-separating) pH, shear resistance, and buoyant density in alkaline CsCl are consistent with the interpretation that the rapidly sedimenting DNA is a covalently-closed, circular duplex wound in a superhelix. Mitomycin C has been used to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis in Escherichia coli hcr− cells infected with λ. An analysis of the λ DNA synthesized under these conditions reveals that before intracellular phage are produced, synthesis of DNA with the sedimentation properties of the closed circular form predominates. At the end of the phage eclipse period, net synthesis of circular DNA stops and synthesis of DNA with the sedimentation properties of mature viral DNA begins. If bacteria are infected with λ in the presence of 100 μg of chloramphenicol/ml. the conversion of the injected phage DNA to the fast-sedimenting form occurs, but no replication ensues. In the presence of 30 μg of chloramphenicol/ml. (added 15 minutes before infection), the circular DNA is able to replicate, albeit more slowly than in the absence of chloramphenicol. The synthesis of DNA with the sedimentation properties of mature viral λ DNA is completely inhibited in the presence of 30 μg of chloramphenicol/ml. The replication of the circular DNA has been studied using density and radioactivily labeled phage particles to initiate the infection. The circular DNA of parental origin consists of both unreplicated and semi-conservatively replicated molecules. If the infection is performed in medium containing [3H]thymine, the progeny circular DNA has either a hybrid density or a fully light density. The ratio of progeny to parental DNA rises to at least 20 by the end of the phage eclipse period. Most closed-circular DNA molecules containing parental label replicate more than once semi-conservatively. The DNA of hybrid density derived from the fast-sedimenting component on a sucrose gradient is resistant to strand separation in alkali. The formation of parental and progeny circular DNA explains the eclipse of infectivity measured in the helper assay (Dove & Weigle, 1965).
Review of Meir Persoff 'Hats in the Ring'

Persoff has assembled a great deal of data on the selection of Britain's Chief Rabbis, but much of it is gossip and there is little historical analysis.
Bayesian Persistence Analysis for Wind Energy

The persistence of wind speed is an important consideration in the assessment of a wind enery conversion site. Since data are often limited at such a site, a practical Bayesian formulation is presented whereby regional and site-specific mean wind speed may be used to calibrate a probability model of persistence. Prior estimates for the principal model parameter are obtained from the ratio of wind speed level considered for persistence to site mean wind speeds using weighted regression. The Bayesian approach is in terms of specific persistence events, such as a wind speed run above a given wind speed exceeding a particular duration. Updating may be through an improved estimate of the site mean wind speed or, if available, a site persistence analysis.
A pediatric case of T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia

T-cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare entity, and to date has never been reported in children. Here, we describe the first pediatric case of T-PLL in a 16-year old male and review his clinical course through treatment. He underwent therapy with alemtuzumab and pentostatin, which was successful in inducing initial remission. He then underwent an allogeneic matched sibling stem cell transplant following a myeloablative conditioning regimen and remains disease-free 1.5 years after diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1061–1062. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ND 4 Schüler-Band Absorption and Other Scientific Applications of Frequeney-Modulation Spectroscopy

In independent research efforts, the technique of laser frequency modulation (FM) was developed for fast reading of absorption holes in a frequency-domain optical memory and as a means to provide sharp frequency discriminants for use in stabilizing the frequency of a dye laserd.1 It was also realized that absorption spectroscopy sensitivity could be improved because the FM signal is shifted well away from low-frequency laser noise. We discuss the progress that has been made in exploiting this potential advantage.
Ethical and epistemic issues in direct-to-consumer drug advertising: where is patient agency?

Arguments for and against direct-to-consumer drug advertising (DTCA) center on two issues: (1) the epistemic effects on patients through access to information provided by the ads; and (2) the effects of such information on patients’ abilities to make good choices in the healthcare marketplace. Advocates argue that DTCA provides useful information for patients as consumers, including information connecting symptoms to particular medical conditions, information about new drug therapies for those conditions. Opponents of DTCA point out substantial omissions in information provided by the ads and argue that the framing of the ads may mislead patients about the indications, uses, and effectiveness of the drugs advertised. They also suggest that DTCA has a number of potentially negative effects on the doctor–patient relationship. The standard arguments appear to assume a simplistic correlation—more information means more agency for patients. However, empirical studies on medical decision making suggest that this relationship is much more complex and nuanced. I examine recent research on ways in which patients are vulnerable with respect to DTCA. In order to address the complex issues of information acquisition and consumer decision-making in the health care marketplace, the focus should not be simply on what information patients need in order to make medical decisions, but also on the conditions under which patients actually are able to make medical decisions requiring complex medication information. This requires examining both the cognitive limitations of patients with respect to drug information and investigating patients’ preferences and needs in a variety of medical contexts.
Lipide metabolism during cell division

Abstract 1. 1. Adult male Holtzman rats were each given a single injection of P32 as NaH2P32O4 at 1, 3, and 18 days after partial hepatectomy, and were sacrificed 1 hr. later. Six hours prior to sacrifice, unoperated controls and 3-day hepatectomized rats received 0.03 mg. colchicine/100 g. body weight by subcutaneous injection. Livers were removed and the radioactivity and P in the lecithin, cephalin, and sphingomyelin fractions, as well as di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaenoic acids were determined. 2. 2. The high P32 uptake by the phospholipide fraction coincident with mitosis occurred in all three types of phospholipide isolated. It was not abolished by colchicine, a metaphase inhibitor, suggesting that it is associated with either interphase or prophase, but not with anaphase or telophase. 3. 3. There was an increase in the concentration of trienoic and a decrease in tetraenoic acid coincident with the period of hypertrophy (premitosis) in regenerating liver. There was an increase in dienoic acid coincident with the period of high mitotic activity. Blocking mitosis in metaphase with colchicine did not influence the level of dienoic acid.
Examination of evidence materials for environmental contamination using activation analysis

A unique application of forensic neutron activation analysis involving the analysis of trace levels of tungsten, cobalt and tantalum was presented as evidence in a murder trial. The evidence materials analyzed included the blous of the victim, bed sheets, a pair of pantyhose used in strangulation, head and public hair from the suspect, and several samples of raw materials used at a factory where the suspect was employed. The stalned areas of the fabrics analyzed showed trace levels of cobalt, tantalum, and tungsten which were not present in the fabric mattrices. The occupation of the suspect exposed him to fine dust particulates containing these trace elements. Although eyewitness accounts indicated that the suspect was in the neighborhood, there was, however, no evidence other that the neutron activation analysis results to indicate the probable presence of the suspect at the scence of the crime. A jury trial accepting neutron activation analysis findings resulted in a conviction.
Psychotherapy for patients with borderline personality disorder: Focusing on the mechanisms of change

A major development in the field of psychotherapy research is the growing recognition of the need for evidence on the mechanisms of change in psychotherapy. The empirical evidence that psychotherapy has a positive and significant effect must be amplified with data on the mechanisms of action in the various psychotherapies. This special issue is devoted to the articulation of putative mechanisms of change in the psychotherapy of patients with borderline personality disorder by leading researchers in this field.
Nonlinear Optical Effects In Organic Molecules And Polymers -Theory, Measurements And Devices

Nonlinear optical processes have received international attention because of their importance in optical signal processing and computing. Organic molecules and polymers form an important class of nonlinear optical material. This paper discusses the basic relevant concepts in the newly emerging area of nonlinear optical processes in organic molecules and polymers. It provides the results of a comprehensive study in this area being conducted in my laboratory. This study includes theoretical calculation of microscopic optical nonlinearity; design, molecular engineering and synthesis of novel organic structures; experimental investigation of nonlinear processes using picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses; and the study of device phenomena. At the end, the current status of this field and future directions of research are discussed.