cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origin of the moon and solar system.

The Rb87-Sr87 ages of many of the lunar rocks suggest that the fundamental differentiation took place 4.5 × 109 yr ago and that remelting occurred without exchange of the rubidium and strontium with the surroundings. The Apollo A rocks are an exception to this. They appear to have acquired rubidium without all of the Sr87produced during the first aeon. Also in the remelting about half of the radiogenic leads were lost to the surroundings probably the soil by a vaporization process. We interpret these results to mean that remelting occurred in a system that was nearly closed to the surroundings and that the high early concentrations of radioactive elements in highly insulating surroundings made this possible.
Immunology. The shape of things to come.

Mechanistic understanding of how ligands can fine-tune the immune response may lead to better vaccine adjuvants.
Intraoperative opioid dosing in children with and without cerebral palsy

Summary Objective: To describe the differences in intraoperative opioid dosing and associated outcomes in children with and without cerebral palsy (CP). Background: Previous work on children with cognitive impairment has suggested that they receive less intraoperative opioid than children without cognitive impairment. This finding may be due to a common concern that impaired children are hypersensitive to the adverse effects of opioids. Patterns in intraoperative opioid dosing have yet to be studied in children with motor impairment (e.g. CP). Methods: We examined the medical records of pediatric patients with CP who underwent orthopedic surgery over the last decade at our institution, as well as the records of a randomly selected group of pediatric orthopedic patients without CP (non-CP). Outcome variables were intraoperative opioid dosing, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and postoperative oxygen desaturation. We collected demographic, surgical, and medical data for covariate analysis. A stepwise multivariate regression was used for each outcome. Results: Seventy-one (71) CP and 77 non-CP charts were included in the study. CP children received significantly less intraoperative opioid (3.26 ± 3.01 μg·kg−1 fentanyl dose equivalents) than non-CP children (4.58 ± 3.79 μg·kg−1) (P = 0.02), and this difference was corroborated by the regression analysis, which significantly associated CP with decreased opioid dosing (P < 0.001). In addition, intraoperative opioid dosing, but not CP, predicted ICU admission (odds ratio: 1.463, 95% CI: 1.042–2.054, P = 0.03) and postoperative oxygen desaturation (odds ratio: 1.174, 95% CI: 1.031–1.338, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Similar to prior research on children with cognitive impairment, a reduction in intraoperative opioid dosing was found in children with CP. Given the discrepant doses of intraoperative opioid between groups, it is unclear whether children with CP are at any greater risk for untoward opioid-related events.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ delta thin films.

We report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) results from Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} (2212) single-crystal thin films grown with atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE). This was made possible by adapting the top-post cleaving technique to thin films of 2212. We have observed clear photoemission features from these films that disperse through the Fermi level. We have observed the superconducting energy gap with ARPES in thin films. Both the magnitude of the gap as well as its anisotropy are consistent with the results from bulk crystals. Furthermore, we observe the pile-up and dip in spectral weight associated with the gap. These results open possibilities for future research using thin-film samples in this materials system that take advantage of the ability to grow metastable materials with ALL-MBE.
REMEMBERING DATES OF BIRTH: MEMORY AS A DISCURSIVE PROCESS

In a descriptive study, participants were asked to recall family members’ dates of birth and describe their recall experience. The recall protocols were analyzed both in terms of the phenomenological method and performance measures. The phenomenological analysis showed that birth date recall was often mediated by referent objects that bore a logical relationship to the target date unit. Performance measures, for their part, revealed a close relationship between the use of a rule-based referent object and the recall accuracy for date of birth. Furthermore, these findings are discussed in relation to the memory for time of events literature, focusing especially on the equivalence and difference of reference objects and on the presence of scale effects.
The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Taiwan

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Taiwan was estimated to be 7.8% for adults aged 40 years and over. The current disease burden of COPD is still not well-understood. Aims: To evaluate the economic burden of COPD and the time trends of cost structure in COPD management and health-care utilization in Taiwan. Methods: Patients aged 40 years and older, who had medical claims with primary diagnoses of COPD (ICD-9-CM code: 491, 492, and 496) from 2004 to 2010, were included from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Annual costs of COPD according to the utilization of healthcare resources were analyzed. Results: The annual total costs of COPD declined from €87 million in 2004 to €68 million in 2010 in the administrative claims. Between 2004 and 2010, the annual costs of intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU admission for each COPD patient declined from €65 to €48 and €80 to €69, respectively. Over the same time frame, the annual outpatient costs for each COPD patient increased from €88 to €106. Despite the increase of COPD-related pharmacy costs for each patient (from €22 in 2004 to €36 in 2010), the total pharmacy costs did not change across years. The total COPD-related costs per patient-year was €232 by 2010, and the estimated annual total burden of COPD in Taiwan is around €200 million according to the prevalence of COPD in Taiwan. Conclusions: Over the past years, the hospitalization costs involving ICU and non-ICU admissions for COPD are decreasing in spite of the increase of the COPD-related pharmacy costs. Optimization of use of COPD-related medications may be an important strategy to reduce the hospitalization costs and total COPD burden.
Indian Fires in the Prehistory of New England

Humans have inhabited the northeastern United States for approximately 12,000 years (Figure 1). During that period the vegetation of the region changed first from tundra to boreal spruce and fir forests. For the past 8,000 years or so, mixtures of pines, spruces, fir, hemlock, and a variety of hardwoods including beech, several oaks, maples, hickories, and birches have occupied the landscape. Changing climate and the differential migration of plant species were responsible for the vegetation changes that occurred over time periods spanning several hundred to a few thousand years (Davis 1983). Today we see a vegetation pattern that can be related to regional variations in climate, topography, soils, and human settlement. Alpine tundra is found at high elevations in the White Mountains, spruce and fir forests cover much of northern Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire, and pitch pine and oaks occupy the xeric, sandy soils of southern coastal areas. Mesic forest species occur over a broad area of central New England (Westveld et al. 1956).
Heavy and light chain composition of serum IgA and IgA rheumatoid factor in Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Objective. To characterize the heavy and light chain composition of serum IgA and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) in 34 children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Methods. Serum IgA and IgA subclass concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion. IgA-RF and the light chain composition of serum IgA and IgA-RF were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results. Serum IgA and IgAl concentrations were higher in HSP patients than controls (P = 0.0001), but there was no difference in IgA2 concentrations between the two groups. IgA-RF was present in 19 of 34 HSP patients; it was composed predominantly of IgAl. The κ: λ ratio of serum IgA was virtually identical in patients and controls, but the κ: λ ratio of IgA-RF was significantly higher than that of the serum IgA from the 19 IgA-RF seropositive patients (P = 0.0003). Conclusion. Serum IgAl is preferentially increased in children with HSP, but the light chain composition of IgA is not different from that in controls. IgA-RF is common in HSP; it is composed predominantly of IgA1 and it is enriched in κ light chains.
Sliding-mode observers based on equivalent control method

The sliding-mode observer for a nonlinear system is proposed. The observer is based on the equivalent control method. Compared with the known output global linearization approach it is given in terms of the system variables and does not require nonlinear state transformation. Several examples are presented which illustrate the proposed method. >
System engineering processes at Kennedy Space Center for development of SLS and Orion Launch Systems

There are over 40 subsystems being developed for the future SLS and Orion Launch Systems at Kennedy Space Center. These subsystems developed at the Kennedy Space Center Engineering Directorate follow a comprehensive design process which requires several different product deliverables during each phase of each of the subsystems. This Paper describes this process and gives an example of a subsystem where this systems engineering process has been applied.
Effects of methimazole on human lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity.

Abstract 1. 1. Methimazole (MM), an antithyroid drug, was examined for its ability to modulate immune functions. The increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation in plant mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and augmentation of NK cell activity by MM were used as a measure of the immunomodulatory activity of MM. 2. 2. The results demonstrated that lymphocytes from 5 different donors had a mean increase of 632% of [3H]thymidine incorporation in the presence of MM at a concentration of 114.2 μg/ml (P 3. 3. Lymphocyte response to PHA, Con A or PWM was potentiated by 27 to 482% in the presence of MM. 4. 4. The MM mediated increase in lymphocyte proliferation was more obvious in cases where the mitogenic stimulation was low. 5. 5. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity to both K562 cells and malignant B cells was also augmented when lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of MM. 6. 6. A maximal effect was observed when lymphocytes were treated with a concentration of 20 μg/ml of MM for 12–16 hr. 7. 7. Maximum augmentation was usually exerted when the NK cell activity of cultured lymphocytes was low. 8. 8. This was particularly seen with lymphocyte from cultured B cell leukemia (3163).
Bolzano a priori knowledge, and the Classical Model of Science

This paper is aimed at understanding one central aspect of Bolzano’s views on deductive knowledge: what it means for a proposition and for a term to be known a priori. I argue that, for Bolzano, a priori knowledge is knowledge by virtue of meaning and that Bolzano has substantial views about meaning and what it is to know the latter. In particular, Bolzano believes that meaning is determined by implicit definition, i.e. the fundamental propositions in a deductive system. I go into some detail in presenting and discussing Bolzano’s views on grounding, a priori knowledge and implicit definition. I explain why other aspects of Bolzano’s theory and, in particular, his peculiar understanding of analyticity and the related notion of Ableitbarkeit might, as it has invariably in the past, mislead one to believe that Bolzano lacks a significant account of a priori knowledge. Throughout the paper, I point out to the ways in which, in this respect, Bolzano’s antagonistic relationship to Kant directly shaped his own views.
Lightweight low-frequency woofer for active sound control in payload fairings

A low-mass sound generator with particularly good performance at low audio frequencies (i.e. 30 to 300 Hz) has been developed. The actuation component is a Thunder actuator (Face Int. Corp.). This actuator is coupled to a resonant compliant diaphragm to increase output in the low frequency band. The modal response of various 28 cm diameter prototypes was monitored using laser Doppler vibrometry and nearfield acoustic holography. The first mode appears near 40 Hz, with a maximum displacement of 3.4 microns per volt. Sound pressure levels measured in the farfield using 200 volts peak drive found nominal levels of 74+/- 6 dB(at 25 cm) over the band from 38 to 330 Hz. Near 45 and 100 Hz the SPL reaches 80 dB. (Above 330 Hz the output is higher, but remains well behaved to at least 2 kHz.) Higher outputs can be obtained by using a higher drive voltage and multiple devices. Because of its low mass, this device is particularly interesting for aerospace applications. This work was developed in the NRL/ONR Smart Blanket program, which is exploring the use of active controlled surface covers for reducing sound levels in payload fairing regions.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Attitudes toward Socialism, Policy, and Leadership in Ghana

Ten years after the exile of Kwame Nkrumah from Ghana, Ghanaians find themselves celebrating a renaissance of Nkrumahism. This is happening after flirtations with two military regimes, an intervening civilian regime, and a current interest in constructing a future Union Government allowing for more political participation by including more civilian groups into the decisional process. There are few programmatic indications that Nkrumah's notions of “scientific socialism” have been incorporated by recent regimes. Yet Nkrumah himself is revered as a hero in Ghanaian culture. For ten years following Ghana's independence in 1957, Ghanaians were subject to Nkrumah's prolific verbal output concerning “scientific socialism,” consciencism, and Pan-Africanism. The meanings attached to these concepts by Nkrumah, and by his followers, however, remain somewhat ambiguous. This ambiguity is understandable given the fact that Nkrumah's often contradictory writings on the subject of socialism were devoid of the rigor which scholars often associate with the ideology. As derived from Engels, socialism is scientific in the sense that there are laws of history which move the proletariat to challenge the bourgeois order and instigate a successful revolution. Moreover, the forces of production and distribution should ultimately rest with the state which orders the economy in such a way that the profits of industrial enterprise are reinvested in state enterprises, and do not accrue to individuals.
Informational analysis of left-ventricle/systemic-arterial interaction.

Studies of left ventrical (LV) and systemic arterial (SA) interaction can be grouped into four categories: 1) prediction of pressure and flow waveforms, 2) changes in LV/SA function with changes in SA properties, 3) identification of criteria that reveal matching between LV and SA properties, 4) definition of LV afterload. Whereas results from studies in categories 1, 2, and 3 reveal the consequences of interaction, results from studies in category 4 come closest to revealing the true character of LV/SA interaction. A useful description arising from category 4 is that of a circular feedback path connecting LV outflow, SA input-impedance, LV pressure, and LV pump properties. The identification of a node in this scheme results in the separation of LV functions into active functions and loading functions and the separation of LV/SA load into LV load and SA loading elements. The time-varying LV elastance participates in both LV active functions and LV loading functions, with the former dominating the latter. Total peripheral resistance dominates all other LV and SA loading elements in its loading effects. Although an elastance-resistance LV model coupled with a simple second-order SA load model accounts for many reported observations on LV/SA interaction, data from sudden aortic occlusion studies indicate a need to consider yet another interaction action. Evidence is presented to suggest the existence of an LV pump element that couples ejection events with relaxation and filling events.
Gender differences in severity of writing and reading disabilities

Abstract Gender differences in mean level of reading and writing skills were examined in 122 children (80 boys and 42 girls) and 200 adults (115 fathers and 85 mothers) who showed behavioral markers of dyslexia in a family genetics study. Gender differences were found in writing and replicated prior results for typically developing children: Boys and men were more impaired in handwriting and composing than were girls and women, but men, who were more impaired in those writing skills, were also more impaired in spelling than women. Men were more impaired than women in accuracy and rate of reading passages orally, but boys were not more impaired than girls on any of the reading measures. Males were consistently more impaired than females in orthographic skills, which may be the source of gender differences in writing, but not motor skills. Population-based studies that report gender differences in reading in children with dyslexia may be confounding reading and writing disorders—the latter being the true source of gender differences in both children and adults with dyslexia.
Cross-National Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Issues A Review of Evidence in the Developing World

This article focuses on the issues of environmental injustice and human rights violations across nations. Using existing documents, the patterns of the transnational toxic waste trade and natural resource exploitation and the bases of global environmental injustice are explored. The dependency/world-system perspective on toxic waste exports and imports and the environmental justice framework are used to analyze transnational toxic waste dumping schemes and resource exploitation in underdeveloped nations. With an emphasis on the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, available evidence suggests that environmental activists, powerless indigenous subpopulations, and other minorities face the danger of environmental injustice and human rights abuse, especially under authoritarian regimes. The need for stronger international norms protecting human rights to a safe and sound environment is emphasized, and it is argued that environmental injustice needs to be included as a component of human rights proto...
Measurement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in blood

Abstract Blood GABA levels can be readily determined using a radioreceptor assay or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After withdrawal of blood, GABA levels remain stable with 25–50% of the GABA in whole blood found in the plasma fraction. Whole blood GABA concentrations range from 500 pmoles/ml to 1200 pmoles/ml in 8 mammalian species with human values being about 900 pmoles/ml. in vivo administration of aminooxyacetic acid increases both blood and brain GABA levels to a similar extent.
Effects of short-term administration of antipsychotic drugs on lymphocyte subsets in schizophrenic patients.

To the Editor.— Studies of various immunological parameters in schizophrenic patients are potentially confounded by the possible effects of neuroleptic medication on the immune system. Certain neuroleptic drugs, including the phenothiazines, chlorpromazine, and thioridizine, have been associated with the development of antinuclear-and and anti—single-stranded DNA antibodies, elevated serum rheumatoid factor, and even splenomegaly.1Clozapine, a dibenzodiazepine derivative, has been reported to produce a potentially lethal agranulocytosis in a small percentage of patients,2,3and therefore may have direct effects on hematopoiesis. In this issue of theArchives, we demonstrate that a subgroup of schizophrenic patients (approximately 30%) have elevated numbers of CD5+(Leu1) B lymphocytes.4This subset of B lymphocytes has been shown by several laboratories to be elevated in patients with certain autoimmune disorders.5-7The CD5+B lymphocytes are known to spontaneously proliferate in vitro8and preferentially produce autoantibodies.5,9,10In our study,4schizophrenic
Gestation Period, Breeding and Fawning Behavior of Columbian Black-Tailed Deer

The determination of gestation period and observation of breeding and fawning behavior of animals in the wild are generally difficult; data concerning these fundamental aspects of deer biology are, therefore, often fragmentary and of a subjective nature. Much of our information concerning gestation period and behavior of deer has been obtained through observations made in zoological parks or other unnatural situations. Although these observations are of considerable value, bias may be introduced when these types of data are applied to wild animals. While engaged in the study of reproductive performance of Columbian black-tailed deer ( Odocoileus hemionus columbianus ) the writer was able, through the facuities of the Deer Project of the State of Washington Department of Game, to minimize both of the above difficulties by observation of a herd of semi-wild deer which could be penned during the observation period. Methods .—The herd utilized for this experiment consisted of 11 does and 1 three-year-old buck. Four of the does were mature (over 1.5 years old) and 7 were yearlings. The pens in which the experiment was conducted consisted of eight individual fenced enclosures, 84 by 15 feet, connected by a five-foot-wide alleyway running along one side of the pens. A scale house for weighing the deer, with a large window overlooking the pens, was situated in the center of the alleyway. Before the breeding experiments the herd lived in a semi-wild state. The animals were unpenned and were allowed to run and browse at will. Approximately three quarts of wheat, barley or oats were made available daily to the entire herd in a feed trough near the pens. Before the hunting season (October) these animals were driven into the pens and were fed alfalfa hay and wheat. The breeding experiment was begun on November 2 and completed on December 14. It …
Purification of dystrophin‐related protein (utrophin) from lung and its identification in pulmonary artery endothelial cells

Dystrophin-related protein (DRP or utrophin) is an autosomal homologue of dystrophin, a membrane cytoskeletal protein encoded by the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. In contrast to dystrophin which is predominantly expressed in muscle, DRP is expressed in various tissues. Here we report the purification and biochemical characterization of DRP from lung which shows the highest levels of DRP expression among adult tissues. DRP was purified from the high alkaline extract of lung membranes using heparin-agarose column chromatography followed by anti-DRP immunoaffinity column chromatography. DRP was expressed in the cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Expression of DRP in endothelial cells could explain its abundant expression in lung. In analogy to dystrophin of muscle cells, DRP could be playing an important role in the mechanical stress mechanisms of endothelial cells.
Organizational theory and structure: An analysis of three perspectives

This article examines three contemporary organizational theories as they relate to organization structure. The three approaches selected are: social systems delimitation, organization learning, and organizational theory as metaphors. Each view represents a different approach to issues concerning the direction of organization theory and design. It will be argued that, in many respects, the future development of organizational theory will, to a large extent, build upon these approaches and the issues they pose for organization design.
Herbicide and inhibitor effects on cell leakage in suspension cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Abstract Effects of selected herbicides and respiratory inhibitors on leakage from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension cultures were studied. Leakage was monitored by quantitation of fluorescein dye released from preloaded cells and by measuring conductivity changes in the suspension medium. The herbicides ioxynil, Barban, 2,4,5-T, MCPB, and PCP (10−6 to 10−4 M) caused leakage of fluorescein dye and electrolytes within 2 hr of exposure to the herbicides. Potassium cyanide and 2,4-DNP caused appreciable leakage at the same concentrations. Similar responses were induced by anaerobiosis. Atrazine, metolachlor, paraquat, and nitrofen did not induce leakage when tested at concentrations of 10−6 to 10−4 M.
The delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole attenuates both alcohol and saccharin intake in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference

This study demonstrates that the selective delta receptor antagonists ICI 174864 and naltrindole (NTI) attenuate alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner, without altering water intake, in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference. ICI 174864 had a very limited duration of action, as evidenced by the fact that suppression of alcohol intake lasted for only an hour following ICI 174864 administration. NTI, when administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg, suppressed alcohol intake by 28%. Increasing the dose of NTI to 15 mg/kg produced a 44% suppression of alcohol intake, but a further increase to 20 mg/kg did not produce greater suppression than was seen with a dose of 15 mg/kg (46% versus 44%, respectively). This suggests that NTI is maximally effective in suppressing alcohol intake at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg. NTI displayed a long duration of action, as evidenced by attenuation of alcohol drinking that lasted for at least 8 h following drug treatment. Administering the maximally effective dose of NTI (15 mg/kg) in two parts, separated by 4 h, served to prolong the duration of action of NTI and produced an attenuation of alcohol intake, but not water intake, that lasted for at least 28 h. The effect of NTI on alcohol intake was not specific for alcohol, as evidenced by the fact that NTI reduced the intake of saccharin solutions with and without alcohol.
Men who batter women: A study in power

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between a batterer's perception of his partner's power and the severely of violent tactics. Subjects for this study were 21 males, who had been arrested for domestic assault. Batterers whose educational level was higher than their partners used more severity violent tactics in assault. A correlation was found between reward power and severity of abuse, indicating that batterers perceive their partners as having a high ability to reward.
Bilirubin toxicity and differentiation of cultured astrocytes.

OBJECTIVE: To study the toxicity of bilirubin in primary cultures of newborn rat cerebral cortical astrocytes. STUDY DESIGN: Primary cultures of newborn rat astrocytes were incubated at bilirubin concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 2000 μM, at a bilirubin:albumin molar ratio of 1.7. Bilirubin toxicity was determined by changes in cellular morphology, trypan blue staining, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into the culture medium at various times of incubation. To determine if differentiation of astrocytes affects bilirubin toxicity, cultures were treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. RESULTS: All three indices of toxicity showed a bilirubin concentration dependence. LDH release in experimental cultures was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) above that of control cultures by 24 hours at bilirubin concentrations of ≥100 μM. The absolute amount of LDH release differed significantly between the 200 and 2000 μM cultures from 1.5 to 24 hours, after which duration of exposure appeared to take over and all cultures approached maximum. LDH release for the lower concentrations all reached maximum by 120 hours, except for the 1 μM cultures, which showed no significant elevation above control throughout the study period. At 100 and 200 μM bilirubin, LDH release by untreated cells was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than release by treated cells by 36 hours. CONCLUSION: Undifferentiated astrocytes appeared to be more sensitive to bilirubin toxicity, which may correlate with the greater susceptibility of newborns to kernicteric injury. Studies with primary astrocyte culture may provide insight into how bilirubin sensitivity changes with brain development as well as the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of bilirubin encephalopathy.
Dielectric properties and electrical conduction of La 2 O 3 -doped (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 ceramics

La2O3 (2 wt%)-doped (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 (abbreviated as BNBT6) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that La2O3 has diffused into the lattice of BNBT6 ceramics and formed a solid solution with a pure perovskite structure. Addition of La2O3 decreased the piezoelectric properties and electrical conductivity. It was used to study the electrical conductivity of the La2O3-doped BNBT6 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics combined with electrical modulus and impedance plots at the temperature range over 788–873 K. The values of activation energy derived from the electrical impedance and modulus were found to be 0.51 and 0.50 eV, respectively. The discrepancy between activation energy of relaxation frequency and the activation energy (0.25 eV) of dc electrical conductivity might have been due to a short-range migration or hopping of single ionized oxygen vacancy and a long-range migration or hopping of charge carriers over the whole disordered system, respectively.
The impact of familial alcoholism on alcohol reactivity in female social drinkers.

Some individuals may have an inherent reactivity to alcohol that facilitates early development of characteristics associated with alcoholism. Although response to alcohol cues has been used to assess this reactivity, few studies have included women or investigated familial alcoholism as a variable. In this study, 23 female college students were divided into groups according to family history of alcoholism (positive or negative). Alcohol reactivity was measured by salivation, skin temperature, heart rate, mood state, and craving for alcohol following presentation of alcohol-related and neutral cues. Results indicate no correlation between salivary reactivity and alcohol craving, which suggests that these variables tap into different domains of cue reactivity. Findings demonstrate that alcohol cue reactivity can be assessed in female social drinkers and that familial alcoholism may influence salivary reactivity to alcohol-related cues. Language: en
Impact Dynamics Simulation for Multilayer Fabrics of Various Weaves

The high strength, light weight, and flexibility of fabric protection systems makes them an effective impact mitigation solution in some important engineering applications. Examples include body armor, fan blade containment systems, and orbital debris shielding. Most soft armor protection systems employ a plain weave fabric, suitable for use in flat or slightly curved geometries. However, future fabric protection system designs may employ nonplain weaves to protect highly curved surfaces (such as personnel extremities) or to optimize the performance of protection systems composed of a nonhomogeneous fabric stack. In recent research, the authors developed an improved hybrid particle-element method to simulate the ballistic impact performance of fabric protection systems. The new formulation is the first to address the full range of modeling issues (including penalty-based contact–impact, excessive yarn bending stiffness, and mass or energy discard) that have limited the effectiveness of legacy finite eleme...
Abstract 2320: In vivo characterization of small molecule inhibitors of replication protein A: Implications for cancer therapy

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway catalyzes the removal of bulky DNA adducts from the genome and aids in maintaining genomic stability. The NER pathway has two subsets; global-genomic NER (GG-NER) and transcription coupled NER (TC-NER). They differ mainly in steps involving the recognition of the DNA lesion. The NER pathway plays a very important role in the recognition, removal and repair of intra-strand adducts induced by cisplatin; a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent. Previous studies have demonstrated that a decrease in NER activity enhances cancer sensitivity to cisplatin. The recognition of DNA damage involves a series of proteins including the xeroderma pigmentosum group A and C proteins (XPA and XPC) and Replication Protein A (RPA). RPA, a single-strand DNA binding protein, plays an essential role in both NER sub-pathways in addition to DNA replication. This makes RPA an ideal protein to target cancer therapy. Previous studies from our lab identified compounds which disrupt RPA's ssDNA binding activity in vitro. We sought to further characterize these RPA small molecule inhibitors (SMI) in cancer cell culture models. Using lung and ovarian cancer cell lines, viability curves, apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis, signaling and transcription regulation were analyzed with single agent treatment and in combination with cisplatin. Results demonstrate potent cell killing in single agent studies and lengthening of the G1/ S-phase of the cell cycle. RPA SMIs also induce cell death through a classical apoptotic pathway. Additionally, data demonstrate a synergistic relationship with cisplatin with sequential treatment. Cell signaling analyses and DNA repair gene expression studies are ongoing to further determine the DNA damage response induced by these compounds. Overall these data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SMI of RPA in treatment of cancer as single agents and in combination with cisplatin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2320. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2320
COMPLEMENTARY PIVOT THEORY OF MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING

Abstract : Problems of the form: Find w and z satisfying w = q + Mz, w = or 0, z = or 0, zw = 0 play a fundamental role in mathematical programming. This paper describes the role of such problems in linear programming, quadratic programming and bimatrix game theory and reviews the computational procedures of Lemke and Howson, Lemke, and Dantzig and Cottle.
Big-data enabling usable climate science and services for society at the petascale

Summary form only given. Microwave filter is a compulsory sub-system in all the communication systems. Its electric properties and characteristics decisively determine the overall performance of a communication satellite and a wireless communication network. To meet the high demand on more stringent frequency selections, faster manufacturing turnaround time, more compact size and, above all, a better understanding of the business from the theory to practices. This talk will focuses on the recent progress of microwave filters and the development trend in the industry. Although the theories and techniques to be presented are for advanced non-planar microwave bandpass filters and multiplexers in particular, the basic principle is also applicable to planar filters in general.
Transient free‐surface flows: Motion of a fluid advancing in a tube

The fluid motion at a free surface advancing into a mold or duct is appreciably different from its steady state behavior in well-developed flow; this affects the residence time distribution and structure of macromolecular fluids as they are frozen in injection molding processes. In this work such motion is treated numerically and measured precisely for Newtonian fluids. While the three-phase contact line represents a special problem conceptually and analytically, a very simple algorithm is seen to represent the fluid motion in this region accurately. Good agreement is found over wide ranges of the governing dimensionless groups (the Reynolds, Jeffrey, and capillary numbers). Since viscous forces are dominant under the circumstances studied, this finding is not surprising but it confirms the applicability of the numerical methods developed herein to the modeling of these flows under conditions of actual interest. As a result, simulations may be made with confidence to predict flow patterns encountered in practice but difficult to reproduce in laboratory experiments.
Gastrointestinal Cancer in Older Patients

More than two thirds of gastrointestinal cancers occur in persons 65 years of age or older. The symptoms and presentation in these older individuals appear similar to those of persons of younger age. Although treatments for these cancers have been developed primarily in younger patients, greater expertise over time has permitted similarly safe and efficacious therapy to be extended to older age groups. The majority of gastrointestinal cancers are located in the colon and rectum. Preventative strategies for colorectal cancer are quickly evolving, with the beneficial effect of long-term use of aspirin and estrogen having their greatest impact in the elderly population. The increased acceptance of colonoscopy for screening patients for colorectal cancer will be of greatest benefit in older individuals, who have a higher incidence of proximal neoplasms than younger individuals. Adjuvant therapy for both colon and rectal cancer is underutilized in elderly patients, despite such life-saving treatments resulting in similar survival prolongation, as well as toxicity profiles, as in their younger counterparts. There is a paucity of information concerning the treatment of elderly patients with other gastrointestinal malignancies.
The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor Gene Regulates Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 by a Mechanism That Involves Retinoic Acid

Mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene result in uncontrolled proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and are associated with the earliest stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is elevated in human colorectal cancers and plays an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis; however, the mechanisms by which APC mutations result in increased COX-2 expression remain unclear. We utilized APC mutant zebrafish and human cancer cells to investigate how APC modulates COX-2 expression. We report that COX-2 is up-regulated in APC mutant zebrafish because of a deficiency in retinoic acid biosynthesis. Treatment of both APC mutant zebrafish and human carcinoma cell lines with retinoic acid significantly reduces COX-2 expression. Retinoic acid regulates COX-2 levels by a mechanism that involves participation of the transcription factor C/EBP-β. APC mutant zebrafish express higher levels of C/EBP-β than wild-type animals, and retinoic acid supplementation reduces C/EBP-β expression to basal levels. Both morpholino knockdown of C/EBP-β in APC mutant zebrafish and silencing of C/EBP-β using small interfering RNA in HT29 colon cancer cells robustly decrease COX-2 expression. Our findings support a sequence of events in which mutations in APC result in impaired retinoic acid biosynthesis, elevated levels of C/EBP-β, up-regulation of COX-2, increased prostaglandin E2 accumulation, and activation of Wnt target genes.
Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R

[Nle4,dPhe7]-α-MSH (NDP-MSH), a highly potent analogue of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), possesses nanomolar efficacies at all the melanocortin receptor subtypes except the MC2R. Evaluation of the melanocortin “message” sequence of [Nle4,dPhe7]-α-MSH was performed on the human melanocortin receptor subtypes designated hMC1, hMC3R, hMC4R, and hMC5R. Tetrapeptides and tripeptides were stereochemically modified to explore topochemical preferences at these receptors and to identify lead peptides possessing agonist activity and subtype selectivity. Four peptides were discovered to only bind to the hMC1 and hMC4 receptor subtypes. The tetrapeptide Ac-His-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 (1) possessed 0.6 μM binding affinity at the hMC1R, 1.2 μM binding affinity at the hMC4R, and agonist activity at both receptors. The tripeptides Ac-dPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 (6) and Ac-dPhe-Arg-dTrp-NH2 (7) possessed 2.0 and 9.1 μM binding affinities, respectively, only at the hMC4R, and both compounds effected agonist activity. The tetrapep...
Past Experience and Self-Image in Fine Dining Intentions

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore fine dining restaurants'performance factors and their differential effects on behavioral intentions of novice (i.e., first time) versus experienced (i.e., repeated) customers. In addition, a moderating role of self-image, which was held by the customer, for restaurant performance is investigated to increase restaurant marketers' understanding of how fine dining customers decide to repatronize a restaurant. Results confirm that enhanced performance in service and product quality and physical environments increases the customer's perceptions of overall restaurant performance and customer behavioral intentions. However, the customer's perceptions of restaurant performance appear to have different implications for either his/her intention to repatronize or to recommend, respectively. Understanding the customer's self-image perceptions and past dining experiences is shown to be useful also in developing positioning strategies for fine dining restaurants.
Scintigraphic detection of atherosclerotic lesions and venous thrombi in man by indium-111-labelled autologous platelets.

Abstract Accumulation of autologous platelets labelled with indium-111 at sites of atherosclerosis or venous thrombosis was demonstrated by scintigraphy in three patients. The lesions detected were bilateral ulcerated carotid-artery plaques, iliofemoral venous thrombosis, and renal-vein thrombosis. This technique shows promise as a non-invasive means of diagnosing focal atherosclerotic and thrombotic lesions.
Non-crossed products over function fields

Noncrossed product division algebras are constructed over all function fields and iterated power series fields over global fields, using Hilbert's Irreducibility Theorem and the construction of [B]. Minimum indexes obtained are p2 for odd p and 23 otherwise. Examples are obtained with large index to exponent ratio.
The synergism of γ-interferon and tumor necrosis factor in whole body hyperthermia

Abstract It is suggested that γ-interferon (γ-IFN) can be added to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to improve therapy in whole body hyperthermia (WBH). The amount of r-HTNF is about 3.5 × 10 6 units per week with about 3.5 × 10 4 units of rH γ-INF intravenously. The body temperature should be 40°C for one half hour. An i.p. injection of secobarbital (24 mg/kg) should be given as well.
Responses of Plant Communities to Incremental Hydrologic Restoration of a Tide‐Restricted Salt Marsh in Southern New England (Massachusetts, U.S.A.)

Hydrologic restoration of Hatches Harbor, a tide-restricted marsh on Cape Cod (Massachusetts), has resulted in significant plant community changes 7 years following the reintroduction of seawater. Since 1999, incremental increases in flow through a tide-restricting dike have facilitated the rapid decline of salt-intolerant vegetation, while encouraging the expansion of native salt marsh taxa. These changes show strong spatial gradients and are correlated with marsh surface elevation, distance from the point of seawater entry, and porewater salinity. Common reed (Phragmites australis) has not decreased in abundance but has migrated a considerable distance upslope. In the wake of this retreat native halophytes have proliferated. Now that maximum flow through the existing dike structure has been reached, continued recovery may be limited less by changing physicochemical conditions and more by rates of growth, seed dispersal, and seed germination of salt marsh taxa.
PROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ASSOCIATED WITH OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA

Tumor-associated glomerulonephritis, mediated by immune complex deposition occurs in carcinoma and hematopoeitic neoplasms but is not described in sarcoma. A 12 year old black girl with chest pain, fever and dyspnea was found to have massive cardiomegaly without murmur or pericardial rub. She also had proteinuria. Pericardiocentesis did not clarify the cardiac lesion. Two months later, cardiac symptoms recurred with pericardial effusion and left ankle swelling. X-ray showed an osteolytic lesion in the distal left tibial metaphysis, later diagnosed as poorly differentiated sarcoma by bone biopsy. Proteinuria was 530 mg/24hr. Renal biopsy revealed proliferative glomerulonephritis granular deposits of IgG and C-3 in glomerular capillary walls and mesangium, and glomerular osmiophilic deposits in subepithelial intramembranous and mesangial zones. Later she developed multiple nodular densities in the lungs and a right sides hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Samples of epicardial tumor implants obtained at thoracotomy revealed telangiectatic osteosarcoma. This pediatric case represents osteosarcoma associated with immune complex proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Marker-assisted selection for white mold resistance in common bean

A marker-assisted selection (MAS) study was conducted on two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to test the effectiveness of MAS for resistance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Markers for quantitative trait loci (QTL) on linkage groups B2 and B7 that were previously associated with resistance and plant architectural avoidance traits in the resistant parent Bunsi were chosen. In the Bunsi/Midland population 10 RILs included in the MAS selected group developed significantly less disease than the control group based on two years of field evaluation under white mold pressure. Growth habit had no significant effect on disease severity or incidence. In the Bunsi/Raven RIL population, disease scores in the MAS selected group were significantly lower than scores in the control group over two years. Additional progress in enhancing resistance to white mold was detected when yield and plant architecture were included in the selection process. Lower disease scores among RILs were observed when comparisons were made to RILs selected using MAS alone. Yield is an important trait that should be considered when selecting for resistance to white mold. Finally the potential of Bunsi as a genetic donor of QTL for white mold resistance was confirmed in both populations studied. This study supported the effectiveness of MAS to enhance selection for a complexly inherited trait such as resistance to white mold in common bean.