cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Selects Hybridomas Yielding High Viability in Fed‐Batch Cultures

Prior research (Follstad, B. D.; Wang, D. I. C.; Stephanopoulos, G. Mitochondrial membrane potential differentiates cells resistant to apoptosis in hybridoma cultures. Eur. J. Biochem. 2000, 267, 6534-6540.) identified mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as a marker of hybridoma subpopulations resistant to apoptosis caused by a variety of apoptosis inducers. In this study, we investigated the viability of hybridoma cell cultures inoculated with cells of varying MMP in regular fed-batch operation. A hybridoma cell population was separated using FACS into subpopulations based on their mean mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as measured using the common mitochondrial stain, Rhodamine 123 (Rh123). These subpopulations showed dramatic differences in their apoptotic death kinetics. Fed-batches inoculated with a high MMP subpopulation reached higher viable cell concentrations and viabilities that were maintained for prolonged periods of time relative to fed-batches inoculated with low MMP subpopulations. These results underline the heterogeneous nature of hybridoma cell cultures and suggest that mitochondrial physiology is a critical parameter determining culture performance.
A rheo-optical study of shear-thickening and structure formation in polymer solutions. Part II: Light scattering analysis

Light scattering calculations based on Anomalous Diffraction Theory (AD), Rayleigh spheroids, and flexible macromolecules are used to propose a phenomenological explanation for the relationship between shear-thickening and structure formation in polymer solutions. Quantitative comparisons are made to experimental data for the rheo-optical behavior of fractionated polystyrene solutions presented in part I of this paper. Results from the ADA calculations suggest that the viscosity and dichroism behavior can be attributed to the production and growth of micron-size, optically isotropic structures during flow. The saturation dichroism behavior exhibited by the solutions which shear thin can be attributed to the formation of entanglement regions which achieve a fixed size and act as Rayleigh spheroids in their scattering behavior. The magnitude and shear rate dependence of the observed birefringence can be accounted for on the basis of the non-linear, flexible macromolecule model, implying that birefringence is governed by the polymer chains remaining in solution which do not take part in the structure formation. The latter result is consistent with the experimental observation that the birefringence dependence on shear rate is the same whether the solution exhibits shear thickening or shear thinning in its viscosity behavior.
Comparative antibody titers to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in juvenile periodontitis, chronic periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects

Abstract Circulating antibody levels to four strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were determined by means of an indirect immunofluorescent technique in three groups of 21 subjects each, including one with juvenile periodontitis (JP), one with chronic periodontitis (CP) and one free of periodontal disease (N). Mean levels of antibody to Aa were significantly elevated in the JP group as compared to the CP and N groups with respect to strains Y4, 29522 and 29524, but not strain 29523. Since strains Y4, 29522 and 29524 contain a leukotoxin that is missing from strain 29523, the results suggest that the leukotoxin could account for the difference in the immune response among the three groups of subjects. Varying the end-point considered to represent positive fluorescence did not significantly affect the results, although discrimination among the three groups appeared to be somewhat better at lower intensities of fluorescence. Because of wide variations in antibody titers recorded in individual subjects, elevated levels of antibody to certain strains of Aa may not be useful as a primary diagnostic test for JP, but may be of value in confirming an otherwise uncertain clinical diagnosis.
An event-based spatiotemporal data model (ESTDM) for temporal analysis of geographical data

Abstract Representations historically used within GIS assume a world that exists only in the present. Information contained within a spatial database may be added-to or modified over time, but a sense of change or dynamics through time is not maintained. This limitation of current GIS capabilities has recently received substantial attention, given the increasingly urgent need to better understand geographical processes and the cause-and-effect interrelationships between human activities and the environment. Models proposed so-far for the representation of spatiotemporal data are extensions of traditional raster and vector representations that can be seen as location- or feature-based, respectively, and are therefore best organized for performing either location-based or feature-based queries. Neither form is as well-suited for analysing overall temporal relationships of events and patterns of events throughout a geographical area as a temporally-based representation. In the current paper, a new spatio-tem...
Enthalpies of Formation and Reaction for Primary Reactions of Methyl- and Methylmethoxysilanes from Density Functional Theory

The enthalpies of formation and enthalpies of reaction at 298 K for a set of Si:C:O:H species derived from methylsilanes and methylmethoxysilanes were computed using the B3LYP density functional theory. Total energies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311 +G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6-311 +G(d) level. Zero point energies and thermal corrections were calculated using B3LYP/6-311+G(d)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d) vibrational energies scaled by a factor of 0.96. The average absolute deviation of enthalpies of formation and reaction were 3.89 and 1.86 kcal/mol, respectively. Bond strengths and reactions with O atom and H atom are examined in the context of understanding the initial reactions in chemical vapor deposition. The Si-H bond was calculated to be 8.4 kcal/mol stronger than the Si-C bond in methylsilanes and to increase by 0.6 kcal/mol With increased methylation; however, the thermochemistry of methylsilane reactions with O atom favors scission of the Si-H bond to produce hydroxyl and methylsilyl radicals. Thermodynamic control over the reaction pathways of methylmethoxysilanes is possible only when considering the reaction with H atom for which methylmethoxysilanol formation is favored. This illuminates a conceivable strategy to control the Si-O-Si bonding network while retaining methyl functionality in a CVD thin film by controlling the ratio of methoxy functionality and free hydrogen in the reactor. Density functional theory is a useful tool in understanding and subsequently controlling the initial chemistry in the CVD process.
Evaluation of Two Commercial Immunoassays Used to Screen Patients for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

ABSTRACTDiagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be challenging as laboratory screening methods, although sensitive, lack specificity. The poor specificity of autoimmune testing produces more false positive results than true positive results. False positive results can cause stress to patients without autoimmune disease and require unnecessary rheumatology consultation to rule out disease. Our objective was to evaluate two screening assays to reduce the number of false positives while maintaining high sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated two immunoassays, the AtheNA Multi-Lyte II ANA System and QUANTA Lite ANA ELISA, to screen patients for SLE. All positive screening results were compared to immunoflourescent ANA testing using theHEp-2000 ANA System. A chart review was performed on all patients tested to determine clinical diagnosis of SLE. The QuantaLite ANA ELISA produced significantly more false positive results than the AtheNA Multi-Lyte II Test System when screening for SLE in our patien...
Relationships between pyroelectric and ferroelectric parameters

We find empirically that although the pyroelectric coefficient p and the dielectric constant k vary strongly with temperature and from material to material, the ratio [image omitted] tends to be a constant ≃ (3 ± 1) × 10-9 coul/cm2 °C for many pyroelectric materials. From Devonshire's phenomenological theory of ferroelectricity it follows that [image omitted] should indeed be independent of temperature in a given material near the Curie temperature Tc. The same theory leads to [image omitted] where P0 is defined from the linear temperature dependence of P2s near Tc. We find also that [image omitted] is constant, (3.9 ± 1.6) × 10-9 coul/cm2 °C, for a wide range of ferroelectrics, where Pmax is the maximum observed polarization. As a particular example, the values of p, K, and Tc in Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 change considerably with small amounts of lanthanum addition, but the above relationships are obeyed.
Sports Biographies of African American Football Players: The Racism of Colorblindness in Children's Literature.

This is an exploratory study of racism in a genre of children’s literature that has been largely overlooked by research and teaching in multicultural children’s literature: sports biographies and, in particular, the biographies of African American professional football players. By examining the race bias of this genre of children’s literature, the study addressed the question: How is race represented in the biographies of African American professional football players in texts written for elementary school‐aged children? Critical race theory was used to inform the analysis of data, particularly as it relates to the relationship between the practice of race colorblindness and property as well as its promotion of storytelling by people of color as the central method of representing their biographies, for literary, cultural and legal purposes. After a textual analysis of eight popular biographies, the study found that these children’s books tend to reflect the racism of colorblindness, in which the cultural ...
Purification and characterization of human erythrocyte glucose transporter in decylmaltoside detergent solution.

Abstract The facilitative glucose transporter from human erythrocyte membrane, Glut1, was purified by a novel method. The nonionic detergent decylmaltoside was selected for solubilization on the basis of its efficiency to extract Glut1 from the erythrocyte membrane and its ability to maintain the protein in a monodisperse state. A positive, anion-exchange chromatography protocol produced a Glut1 preparation of 95% purity with little copurified lipid. This protein preparation exhibited cytochalasin B binding in detergent solution, as measured by tryptophan fluorescence quenching. The transporter existed as a monomer in decylmaltoside, with a Stokes radius of 50 A and a molecular mass of 147 kDa for the protein–detergent complex. We screened detergent, pH, additive, and lipid and have found conditions to maintain Glut1 monodispersity for 8 days at 25°C or over 5 weeks at 4°C. This Glut1 preparation represents the best available material for two- and three-dimensional crystallization trials of the human glucose transporter protein.
Quality of life outcomes after heart transplantation in individuals bridged to transplant with ventricular assist devices

Abstract Background Increasing numbers of individuals receive ventricular assist devices (VADs) as bridges to heart transplantation. Physical morbidity risks and benefits, and quality of life (QOL) during VAD support have been documented. Effects of pre-transplant VAD support on functional and QOL outcomes after transplantation have received no empirical attention. Methods Sixty-three VAD patients who received heart transplants underwent QOL evaluations of physical functioning, emotional and cognitive well-being, and social functioning at 2, 7, and 12 months after transplant (response rate=95%). Ninety patients who had not received VADs—matched to the VAD group on cardiac-related and sociodemographic characteristics—served as longitudinal controls. Results Both VAD and non-VAD groups showed similar levels and similar, statistically significant ( p Conclusions Although post-transplant physical and emotional recovery is similar in VAD and non-VAD patients, VAD patients retain more cognitive impairment and show mixed changes in social functioning. Increased attention to strategies to maximize VAD patients' cognitive capacity is required to facilitate social reintegration.
Sublingual use of olanzapine in combination with alprazolam to treat agitation in a terminally ill patient receiving parenteral nutrition

This paper reports the case of a 64-year-old man who was receiving parenteral nutrition after repeated operations due to stomach cancer. Olanzapine (orally disintegrating tablets) in combination with alprazolam was used successfully to relieve this terminally ill patient's anxiety and tension improving his relationship with his physicians and his daily life.
Lenski Effects on Sex Stratification Theory

This paper tries to explain why the Lenski (1970) theory of stratification based on ecology and subsistence technology had relatively little effect on theories of sex inequality. In cultural anthropology, generalization was held to be impossible. Feminist explanation in sociology was social-psychological. Moreover, by the 1980s, the bias against biology in feminist theory came to include all of science. Exceptions to these trends include the work of Blumberg, Chafetz, Collins, Coltrane, and Turner. Whether feminist sociologists will follow their lead remains to be seen.
Predicting hollow visceral injury in the pediatric blunt trauma patient with solid visceral injury

Abstract Background: Nonoperative management of a solid organ injury (SVI) is accepted in the stable pediatric trauma patient. A concern with nonoperative management is missing a hollow visceral injury (HVI). Factors that may help predict HVI have not been well documented. Methods: The National Pediatric Trauma Registry was reviewed for the period October 1988 through September 1998 for all blunt injured, hemodynamically stable pediatric patients (age ≤12 years) with an SVI (kidney, liver, pancreas, spleen) of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥2. HVIs included AIS ≥2 gastrointestinal tract injuries. Results: For the decade of review, 2,977 pediatric patients sustained an SVI, including 96 with an HVI (3.2%). The mean age was 6.6 years, with a mean Injury Severity Score of 12.4. An occupant in a motor vehicle accident was the most common injury mechanism (30.4%), but assault was the most likely to result in an HVI (11.5%). The liver was the most common SVI (n = 1,400), the spleen the least likely to have an associated HVI (2.5%). Pancreatic injuries had a higher rate of HVI ( P P P value not significant). Conclusions: The overall rate of HVI was low (3.2%). Higher rates of HVI were found in assaulted patients and patients with multiple SVIs or pancreatic injuries. The risk of associated HVI was dependent more on number of SVIs than severity of the individual organ injury. This data suggest that nonoperative management is justified in the patient with a single SVI but should be used cautiously in the patient with multiple SVI or a pancreatic injury. J Pediatr Surg 35:1300-1303. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide on isolated human sweat glands

Abstract Human sweat gland function is predominantly under cholinergic control. Sweat secretion may also be regulated by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), which coexists with acetylcholine in nerves to sweat gland acini and ducts. We have examined the expression of VIP receptors on isolated human eccrine sweat glands. Two classes of specific binding sites for VIP were demonstrated: one with high affinity (K d =0.58-2.4 nM), and another with low affinity (K d =175–288 nM). The data suggest a physiological regulatory role for VIP in sweat gland function.
Contraceptive availability differentials in use and fertility.

Examines the association between family planning availability and rates of contraceptive use and marital fertility for groups of women at differing socioeconomic levels. The study utilizes data on objective contraceptive availability collected in the community modules of the World Fertility Surveys of Bangladesh Korea and Mexico. Data on respondents perceived contraceptive availability also are analyzed for Korea and Mexico. The analysis confirms that somewhat higher rates of contraceptive use are associated with community availability of services. Women who report that contraceptive services are accessible have higher rates of use than other women. In general the presence versus the absence of contraceptive services is the important distinction; ease of accessibility of services appears to have limited effects on rates of contraceptive use. Despite the association of contraceptive availability with use recent fertility levels do not vary consistently among women at different levels of availability. This apparent anomaly may result from an insufficient lag time between the measures of contraceptive availability and marital fertility. (authors)
Azole chemistry VII. The effect of metal complexation on a ring—chain tautomeric equilibrium☆

Abstract The chromium tricarbonyl group significantly affects the position of an oxazolidine-imino alcohol tautomeric equilibrium.
Survey of services and practices of cleft palate-craniofacial teams.

Abstract Questionnaire data about services and practices of cleft palate-craniofacial teams were obtained from 63 teams in 35 states. Findings indicate the following: (1) research was the least frequently conducted activity, although 73 percent of the teams indicated that they conducted research; and (2) the majority of those responding regarded cinefluoroscopy, endoscopy, perceptual assessment, oral examination, and videoendoscopy as important procedures, yet most patients (90%) seen by these teams did not receive instrumental assessment of velopharyngeal function.
Chronotropic and inotropic effects of PGE2 on isolated rat atria from normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was tested for its ability to produce a positive chronotropic and inotropic response on isolated atria obtained from normal (NWR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). There was no significant difference in the basal in vitro heart rate of atria from NWR and SHR. There was no significant difference in the increase in heart rate or contractile force produced by PGE2 (0.568 μM and 5.68 μM) on atria obtained from NWR compared to SHR. It appears there is no difference in the in vitro cardiac reactivity to PGE2 of atrial tissue from SHR compared to normotensive controls under the conditions of these experiments. This is in contrast to the previously reported decrease in contractile responses of atrial tissue of SHR to certain cardiac stimulants, and the diminished contractile response produced by PGE2 on arterial tissue from SHR compared to NWR.
The partially degraded hydrophilic silane pattern and its application in studying the structures of long chain alkane films.

We developed a protocol to fabricate hydrophilic patterns over an octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film surface with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Through a local probe oxidation under a 100% humidity environment, the OTS was converted into a hydrophilic, carboxylic acid-terminated surface (OTSpd). The OTSpd pattern grew with the voltage dwell time applied on the conducting AFM probe. Eighty nanometer to submillimeter sized OTSpd patterns could be fabricated with a single scanning probe. The OTSpd patterns were used to study the spreading of long chain alkanes. Hexatriacontane (C36H74) was dip-coated on an OTSpd pattern. Subsequently, an additional hydrophilic OTSpd region was fabricated surrounding the coated C36H74. The alkane spread over this newly created region when heated above its melting point. After cooling to room temperature, the shape and structures of the solidified alkane patterns were characterized. On the methyl-terminated, low-energy surface, the alkane molecules stood directly on the s...
Generalized modular forms representable as eta products

In this paper, we determine sufficient conditions under which a generalized modular form (GMF) becomes a generalized eta product. In a recent paper [5], Kohnen and Mason imposed a condition on the order of the generalized modular form at the cusps of Γ0(N) so that this GMF becomes an eta product. We replace their condition by a condition on the level of the congruence subgroup. We derive similar theorems on other congruence subgroups as well.
Improvement of spectral resolution in shift‐reagent‐aided 23Na NMR spectroscopy in the isolated perfused rat heart system

The level of intracellular sodium (Nai) is maintained at approximately 14 m M in healthy myocytes. When myocytes are damaged, Nai increases and therefore the level of Nai may be a means of evaluating myocardial cell integrity. A particularly useful method to monitor Nai levels is 23Na NMR spectroscopy. However, because of the isochronous nature of the extracellular sodium (Nao) and Nai NMR signals, paramagnetic lanthanide shift reagents (LSR), such as dysprosium triphosphate, Dy(PPP)72, have been used to shift the Nao signal. This reveals the unshifted Nai signal and allows the NMR monitoring of Nai in isolated perfused hearts and other systems. A major shortcoming of this method (the “shift-only” method) is in the need to minimize the Nao signal by not submerging the perfused hearts in Na+-containing buffer. An equally undesirable alternative is the utilization of relatively high concentrations of LSR to shift a large Nao signal sufficiently to enable reasonable resolution and quantitation of Nai. We present here a method, the “shiftrelaxation” method, which is a combination of using a mixture of Dy(PPP)72, a shift reagent, and gadolinium triphosphate, Gd(PPP)72, a relaxation agent, with data acquisition using an inversion-recovery (IR) pulse sequence. This combination allows differentiation between Nao and Nai by the difference in their respective T1 values in addition to the shift between them. With this technique we can selectively minimize the extracellular signal and therefore minimize the need for a large Dy-induced shift, as well as allow data acquisition on a heart submerged in Na+ -containing perfusate. The resulting improved discrimination between Nai and Nao at relatively low levels of LSR should be helpful for ultimate in vivo application and potential clinical applications, where a lower dose of LSR also means a decreased possibility of physiologically deleterious effects. Also included in this paper is a method for the quick determination of an accurate 180° pulse which is required for the optimization of the IR method. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Alternate Interpretation of the Change Observed in H+ Ion Concentration Levels of the Aqueous Medium of Metal Oxide Suspensions in Response to Change in the Electrolyte Concentration Levels of the Aqueous Medium

Even though the triple-layer surface complexation model provides adequate rationalization of the sensitivity of pH response to change in salt concentration levels of the aqueous media in contact with metal oxides, it is suggested that its interpretation of this phenomenon is probably in error. Reassessment of this estimate by assigning separate phase properties to the charged hydroxylated metal oxide in order to replace its earlier two-dimensional description is believed to provide the path to the more meaningful interpretations of observations believed to be affected through application of Gibbs−Donnan-based logic. Support for the replacement of the triple-layer surface complexation model by a two-phase model is provided by demonstrating the correlatability of results with Gibbs−Donnan-based projections.
Macroscopic equations for rarefied gas dynamics

Abstract We propose a modification of the procedure for deriving continuum equations from kinetic theory. Though we start in the customary way from an expansion in mean free path, we do not apply solvability conditions in each order, as is usually done. Thus we obtain a partial sum of the series in mean free path that is a more general approximation to a solution of the kinetic equation than in the standard approaches. We illustrate results from this method with expressions for the pressure tensor and heat flux vector derived from the relaxation (or BGK) model of kinetic theory. These expressions generalize those of the Navier–Stokes equations, to which they reduce for small mean free path. When we compute thicknesses of shock waves and phase speeds of ultrasonic waves from the theory, we obtain results that are in good agreement with experimental data, even for long mean free paths of particles.
Eligibility Rates of Ruptured and Symptomatic AAA for Endovascular Repair

Purpose:To determine the anatomical eligibility rate for endovascular repair of ruptured and symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) using commercially available endografts.Methods:In a retrospective review, 28 preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans were examined from among 83 patients who underwent surgical repair of a ruptured or acutely symptomatic AAA at a university-based tertiary care center during the past 10 years. The proximal aortic neck, aneurysm, and iliac dimensions were compared to corresponding measurements from 100 preoperative CT scans from patients who underwent elective repair of asymptomatic AAA. Based on expanded selection criteria for the 2 FDA-approved endografts (AneuRx and Ancure), eligibility rates for endovascular repair were compared between patients with ruptured/symptomatic and asymptomatic AAAs.Results:The proximal neck of the ruptured/symptomatic AAAs was on the average 2 mm larger in diameter (25 ± 4 versus 23 ± 3 mm, p=0.04) and 7 mm shorter (16 ± 10 versus 23 ...
The Role of Peer Rejection in the Link between Reactive Aggression and Academic Performance

There is substantial evidence to suggest that aggressive behavior is associated with poor academic performance in school-aged children. However, less is known about how different subtypes of aggression are related to academic performance and what variables may account for this association. The current study examined unique associations between reactive (aggression in response to provocation) and proactive (goal-oriented calculated aggression) subtypes of aggression and academic performance. Further, the study evaluated whether peer rejection accounted for the link between these aggression subtypes and academic problems. Study questions were examined using a sample of 147 school-age children (M = 8.22, SD = 1.99, 54.4 % male) who attended a community-based after school program. Path models were used to estimate the proposed associations using Mplus 6.12 statistical software. As expected, findings indicated that high levels of reactive, not proactive, aggression were uniquely associated with low levels of academic performance, and peer rejection accounted for this association. Results advance the literature linking aggression and academic difficulties by indicating that reactive aggression, but not proactive aggression, is associated with academic difficulties. Findings also support previous literature suggesting that peer relationships are an important target of prevention and intervention efforts aimed at improving school performance, particularly for individuals who exhibit reactively aggressive behavior.
In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis clinical strains isolated from North America

Salmonella enteritidis is a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. In this study, 48 strains of S. enteritidis isolated from clinical cases of salmonellosis in North America were tested for their virulence-associated traits including cell invasiveness, biofilm, motility, presence of a virulence plasmid, and virulence in orally challenged mice. The majority of strains exhibited high invasiveness (n = 45), whereas only few strains (n = 3) exhibited low invasiveness. All low-invasive strains (100%, 3/3) were biofilm negative, whereas the distribution of biofilm positive and negative phenotypes among high-invasive strains was 53.4% (24/45) and 46.6% (21/45), respectively. The in vitro cell invasiveness was not associated with biofilm formation (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.23) or the presence of a spvB gene, a marker for the virulence-associated plasmid (Fisher’s exact test, P = 1). There was no correlation between cell invasiveness and motility (Spearman’s rank test, r = −0.15; P = 0.27). Virulence testing in orally challenged mice revealed that the low-invasive strains were as virulent as high-invasive strains, indicating that in vitro cell invasiveness did not correlate with in vivo virulence. In conclusion, we show that despite phenotypic diversity among clinical strains of S. enteritidis, the majority of strains are highly invasive in vitro and in vivo.
SEEDING EFFICIENCY, PLATING EFFICIENCY, AND POPULATION DOUBLINGS OF HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTLIKE CELLS: RESULTS OF REPLICATE TESTING

Using skin fibroblastlike cells from 10 healthy volunteers, 12 to 54 yr old, we measured, in replicates, seeding efficiency (SE), plating efficiency (PE), and population doublings (PD) during 2 wk of growth and the cumulative replicative life span (CRLS). We determined the effects of donor age and of in vitro cell age on the test results and test precision. We found that (a) On the average, SE was 82%±24 SD, PE was 12%±9 SD, PD was 7.3 doublings ±2.5 SD, and CRLS was 31.1 doublings ±9.6 SD. (b) Plating efficiency and PD correlated well with each other and with CRLS whereas SE did not correlate with PE, PD, or CRLS. (c) Plating efficiency and PD were affected negatively by increasing passage levels and by donor ages, but the influence of age was evident only for cells from early passages. Seeding efficiency was not affected by either of the two variables. (d) Variations in PD from early passages explained half of the donor-to-donor variation in CRLS whereas PD from later passages had little or no predictive power. (e) Of the two short term tests, PD had better precision than PE. For replicate runs with cells from early passages the coefficient of variation was 44% for PE and 15% for PD.
The Differential Effect of Increased Arousal on Creative and Intellectual Performance

Abstract It was hypothesized that increases in level of arousal should lead to improvement in the performance of intellectual tasks and to decrements in the performance of creative tasks because of the effect of drive level on range of cue utilization and availability of remote associates. Subjects were given the Remote Associates Test (RAT) and a version of the WAIS Similarities subtest under low arousal (relaxed), medium arousal (stress), and high arousal (white noise) conditions. Trends were as predicted, but reached acceptable levels of significance only for the effects of high arousal on creative performance. Evidence for the validity of the RAT was provided by the finding that RAT and intellectual performance are affected in opposite ways by the same experimental manipulations. It is suggested that flexibility in changing level of arousal may be a determinant of both creativity and intelligence and that this common trait may explain the tendency of tests of the the two to correlate.
Crosslinked hemicellulose citrate–chitosan aerogel foams

Abstract The applications for hemicellulose are currently very narrow, because of its low molecular weight and varying chemical composition. In this research, novel applications for modified hemicellulose are developed making it a valuable biomaterial for absorbency applications in health care and medical textiles. The incorporation of carboxylic acid groups into hemicellulose via reaction with citric acid followed by cross linking with chitosan greatly improve the properties relative to hemicellulose, chitosan, a cellulose sponge product, and hemicellulose citrate alone. Optimum conditions for the cross linking of the hemicellulose citrate–chitosan include a 2.5 h reaction time at 110 °C with pH 3.5, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:100 and a hemicellulose citrate to chitosan ratio of 1:1 (w/w). The hemicellulose citrate–chitosan crosslinked foam is elastic, very soft, highly porous and durable. The hemicellulose citrate–chitosan can absorb up to 100 g of a saline solution per gram of material and up to 80 g of water per gram of material. Analysis of the hemicellulose citrate–chitosan foams with FTIR, DMA, and SEM confirms the crosslinked and hygroscopic behavior of the materials.
ν3 of boron trifluoride

Abstract The ν 3 fundamental vibration rotation bands of both 10 BF 3 and 11 BF 3 have been observed with a vacuum infrared grating spectrograph. The rotational structure has been resolved for the first time. It has been found that the intensity distribution observed for the ν 3 bands was responsible for some of the conflicting statements pertaining to their band centers, and ζ 3 values.
Airways reactivity in patients with CF.

Airways reactivity, hyper-reactivity, and hyper-responsiveness are terms used to describe airways for which there appears to be increased bronchial smooth muscle tone or responsiveness. Some patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have concomitant asthma causing airway hyperresponsiveness as manifested by recurrent acute symptoms of dyspnea that is impressively responsive to an inhaled β2 agonist and/or systemic, corticosteroids. However, many others have a degree of bronchodilator responsiveness in the absence of an impressive clinical response to such anti-asthmatic treatment. In contrast to those with asthma, exercise does not induce bronchospasm and can even cause bronchodilatation in patients with CF who have bronchodilator responsiveness in the absence of asthma. The airway hyperresponsiveness of CF also differs in its response to histamine induced bronchospasm which is effective reserved with ipratropium in patients with CF who symptomatically do not have asthma, whereas ipratropium does not adequately reverse histamine-induced bronchospasm in those with concomitant symptoms of asthma. These and other data suggest that the increased airway reactivity in patients with CF is vagally mediated and results from the airway damage caused by the lung disease. The use of bronchodilators as a routine part of CF lung disease care is controversial, but there islittle evidence that treating airway reactivity in patients with CF is of clinical importance as a routine measure in the absence of clinical asthma. Definite subjective improvement in symptoms or improved sputum production when a bronchodilator precedes chest physical therapy should be sought to justify continued use in individual patients.
Inflammatory pseudotumor of the trachea

Summary Although more than a dozen names have been used to describe the so-called inflammatory pseudotumor, the term inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor has been suggested by many authors to be an appropriate designation. It is generally a benign lesion that most commonly arises from the lung, but cases involving nearly every site in the body have been documented. Histopathological confirmation is required to prevent an unwarranted radical intervention. Tracheal involvement is uncommon and rarely, distant metastases and sarcomatous transformation have been reported. The clinical presentation of airway inflammatory pseudotumor varies and can mimic refractory-type asthma or malignancy. Conservative endoscopic removal is the standard of care and the overall prognosis is excellent. We present a pediatric case of tracheal inflammatory pseudotumor, and review the etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
The golgi apparatus in blastula and gastrula stages of normal and hybrid amphibian embryos

Abstract Stereological principles were applied to an electron microscopic study of the Golgi apparatus in different developmental stages of normal and hybrid Rana embryos. Hybrid blastulae showed levels of Golgi material that were elevated 4.3–5.0 times when compared to the normal. Golgi content increased 2–4-fold with the onset of gastrulation in normals. Following the onset of gastrulation, numbers and amounts of Golgi material probably do not change in cells of normal embryos. During the equivalent period in arrested embryos, the Golgi content in cells of pipiens × catesbeiana hybrids decreased by more than one-third. During late gastrulation or arrest, the dictyosome population moved into association with the cell surfaces in normal and pipiens × catesbeiana hybrid embryos. During arrest, pipiens × esculenta hybrids exhibited dictyosome clumping about nuclei. The significance of these changes is discussed with respect to the role of the Golgi apparatus in amphibian gastrulation.
Promoting sexual health and responsible sexual behavior: An introduction

Facing a myriad of sexual health problems today, health ministries are being compelled to develop comprehensive approaches to sexual health promotion. Recently, there have been several attempts to develop these strategies at national, regional, and global levels. One of the challenges of articulating strategies has been arriving at basic definitions of sex, sexuality, sexual health, and responsible sexual behavior. However, there is remarkable consistency throughout these recent documents. These documents call for leadership of the health sector to create better climates for discussion of sexuality, access to information and education about sexuality, prevention strategies, access to care, and more research in human sexuality and evaluation of programs designed to promote sexual health and responsible sexual behavior.
CONTINUING EMERGENCE IN LIVING SYSTEMS

As discussed in other articles in this issue, chemical emergence may have led to the appearance of life on the pre-biotic earth, but it is even more obviously clear that emergence continues in living systems, producing complex phenomena such as ordering, biorhythms and even, possibly, consciousness. The role of continuing emergence in living systems is reviewed here with special attention to the Peroxidase–Oxidase reaction and neurochemical systems. For the latter, we review the role of subnetwork dynamics in epilepsy and an intriguing new possiblity that calcium waves in fields of astrocytes in the brain may be involved in the spread of epileptic seizures.
Computed tomography and stroke edema: case report with an analysis of water in acute infarction.

Abstract An index case and 13 other cases of acute ischemic cerebral infarction have been examined following the occurrence of death 1–6 days postictus. Histologic studies and water content assay involved both the infarct and peri-infarct tissue. The primary site of fluid accumulation was the infarcted white matter; however, after 3 days, edema in the adjacent white matter may be significant. The reduced attenuation of CT scans is caused only by edema since necrosis of the white matter is not present. Reactive vascular changes that occur in the cortex appear to be the basis of early contrast enhancement. Three different mechanisms of edema formation have been proposed to be involved in the mass effect. CT brain scans represent a most reliable method by which to evaluate the fluid abnormalities which occur in the first week following an ischemic cerebral infarction. The earliest and most consistent change is edema of infarcted white matter. Edema can also involve the adjacent non-infarcted brain, but this usually occurs after the third day. A correct interpretation of diminished density is dependent upon the postictal interval and perhaps by the presence of certain clinical findings such as hypertension. The occurrence of contrast enhancement would appear to be due to the reactive vascular change that evolves in the cortex secondary to neuron death. Usually this occurs somewhat later and more variably than the diminished density. Correlative autopsy water analysis appears to be a practical and valid method to evaluate the changes in CT scans.
Communications: Single-mode fibers outperform multimode cables: Successful field trials and imminent commercial use stem from high capacity and the need for fewer repeaters

The difference in transmission pattern gives single-mode fibers important advantages which includes a greater information-carrying capacity and the need for fewer repeaters. Some field trials using optical waveguides are discussed. Splicing of the fibers, losses through bending, dispersion, and sources and detectors for single-mode systems are also included.
Anatomy and vascular perfusion territories of the superior thyroid artery in Macaca mulatta.

Objective Currently, methods used to repair long segment tracheal stenosis are unreliable. Here, a new nonhuman primate model of tracheal transplantation is used based on its evolutionary proximity to humans. Study design Prospective dye perfusion study in Macaca mulatta. Methods After anatomical characterization, Evan's blue solution was injected into the right superior thyroid artery unilaterally (n = 5). Staining of the tracheal vasculature was then examined. Results In M mulatta, the superior thyroid artery branched from the lingual-facial trunk and was 0.64 +/- 0.18 mm in diameter. Dye staining was bilateral, with the ipsilateral side extending to 2.98 +/- 0.58 cm and the contralateral to 2.88 +/- 0.88 cm, 12.9 +/- 3.45 rings (47% of trachea). Conclusions The tracheal vasculature has extensive bilateral collateral vascular channels that may provide a graft survival advantage. Macaques may serve as a good model of tracheal transplantation because of the collateral vascularization of the trachea and the extensive tracheal segment supplied by the superior thyroid artery, and because the superior thyroid artery and vein are anastomosable.
Model-Scale Aerodynamic Performance Testing of Proposed Modifications to the NASA Langley Low Speed Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel

Tests were performed on a 1/20th-scale model of the Low Speed Aeroacoustic Wind Tunnel to determine the performance effects of insertion of acoustic baffles in the tunnel inlet, replacement of the existing collector with a new collector design in the open jet test section, and addition of flow splitters to the acoustic baffle section downstream of the test section. As expected, the inlet baffles caused a reduction in facility performance. About half of the performance loss was recovered by addition the flow splitters to the downstream baffles. All collectors tested reduced facility performance. However, test chamber recirculation flow was reduced by the new collector designs and shielding of some of the microphones was reduced owing to the smaller size of the new collector. Overall performance loss in the facility is expected to be a 5 percent top flow speed reduction, but the facility will meet OSHA limits for external noise levels and recirculation in the test section will be reduced.
The effect of need for achievement and normative information on rotary pursuit performance

Need achievement as measured by the Edwards scale was used to select high-need (HN) and low-need (LN) individuals. HN Ss were found to be superior in rotary pursuit tracking. Both HN and LN Ss, when told their performance was above average, showed less subsequent performance decrement and reminiscence than did Ss who were told their performance was below average.
Iron isotopes constrain the pathways and formation mechanisms of terrestrial oxide concretions: A tool for tracing iron cycling on Mars?

New iron isotope data document open-system formation of terrestrial iron oxide concretions and the potentially important role of iron-reducing bacteria in mobilizing iron. These terrestrial insights can provide valuable models for understanding extraterrestrial hematite spherules and their diagenetic history at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Wholerock samples of Jurassic Navajo Sandstone host rock have δ 56 Fe values near 0 per mil (‰), whereas concretions typically have negative δ 56 Fe values. Negative δ 56 Fe values can be explained by complete oxidation and precipitation from aqueous fl uids that had δ 56 Fe values of −0.5‰ to −1.5‰. The low δ 56
Population structure and history of a phenotypically variable teiid lizard (Ameiva chrysolaema) from Hispaniola: the influence of a geologically complex island

Ameiva chrysolaema is distributed across the island of Hispaniola in the West Indies. The species is restricted to dry lowlands between major mountain ranges and along the southern and eastern coasts. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of mtDNA sequence variation from 14 sampling localities identify at least three independent evolutionary lineages, separated from one another by major mountain ranges. Nested clade phylogeographic analysis (NCPA) suggests a complex history of population fragmentation, consistent with geological evidence of seawater incursions into the Azua and Enriquillo basins during the Pliocene/Pleistocene (� 1.6 mya). Significantly negative Fu’s FS values and parameters of mismatch distributions suggest that formerly fragmented populations have recently expanded their ranges. Significantly large average population clade distances (APCD) for two sampling localities in the Azua basin suggest secondary contact at these localities of previously separated populations. The distribution of haplotypes among polymorphic populations of A. chrysolaema suggests that variation in dorsal pattern represents a polymorphism within evolutionary lineages. Ameiva leberi is ecologically indistinguishable from and syntopic with A. chrysolaema. Genetic data suggest that A. leberi is a junior synonym of A. chrysolaema.
Expressed Genome of Methylobacillus flagellatus as Defined through Comprehensive Proteomics and New Insights into Methylotrophy

In recent years, techniques have been developed and perfected for high-throughput identification of proteins and their accurate partial sequencing by shotgun nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS), making it feasible to assess global protein expression profiles in organisms with sequenced genomes. We implemented comprehensive proteomics to assess the expressed portion of the genome of Methylobacillus flagellatus during methylotrophic growth. We detected a total of 1,671 proteins (64% of the inferred proteome), including all the predicted essential proteins. Nonrandom patterns observed with the nondetectable proteins appeared to correspond to silent genomic islands, as inferred through functional profiling and genome localization. The protein contents in methylamine- and methanol-grown cells showed a significant overlap, confirming the commonality of methylotrophic metabolism downstream of the primary oxidation reactions. The new insights into methylotrophy include detection of proteins for the N-methylglutamate methylamine oxidation pathway that appears to be auxiliary and detection of two alternative enzymes for both the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase reaction (GndA and GndB) and the formate dehydrogenase reaction (FDH1 and FDH4). Mutant analysis revealed that GndA and FDH4 are crucial for the organism's fitness, while GndB and FDH1 are auxiliary.
Judged Terror Risk and Proximity to the World Trade Center

In November 2001, a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 973, ages 13–88), queried via WebTVs at home, judged the probability of five terror-related events (e.g., being injured in an attack) and three “routine” risks (e.g., being a victim of other violent crime), in the following 12 months. Judgments of terror risks, but not routine risks, were related to whether respondents were within 100 mi of the World Trade Center. This relationship was found only in the following demographic groups, and not their complements: men, adults, whites, and Republicans. These differential responses to risk have both theoretical and policy implications.