cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of high aspect ratio fine pitch interconnects for wafer level packaging

The Packaging Research Center (PRC) at Georgia Tech has been exploring and evaluating novel compliant nano interconnect designs to enable high density I/O architecture for the next generation chip assembly. Most of the compliant interconnects that are currently being developed have inductance and resistance higher than desirable. We propose high aspect ratio interconnects as a solution that can support both electrical and mechanical requirements. The fabrication of these interconnects is similar to the standard IC fabrication and involves only one additional step beyond the standard CMOS wafer processing, thus making it a cost effective wafer level process. Extensive modeling was carried out to design 40 /spl mu/m pitch interconnects with optimized electrical and mechanical properties. The fabrication of fine-pitch copper interconnects with aspect ratio of 1:5 was demonstrated as a low-cost wafer level process. Results show that these interconnects provide the optimal combination of electrical and mechanical requirements and hence provides a viable solution for next-generation electronic packaging that can support extremely high I/O density.
Task Migration In Hypercube Multiprocessors

Allocation and deallocation of subcubes usually result in a fragmented hypercube where even if a sufficient number of hypercube nodes are available, they do not form a subeube large enough to execute an incoming task. As the fragmentation in conventional memory allocation can be handled by memory compaction, the fragmentation problem in a hypercube can be solved by task migration, i.e., relocating tasks within the hypercubc to remove the fragmentation. The procedure for task migration closely depends on the subcube allocation strategy used, since active tasks must be relocated in such a way that the availability of subcubcs can be detected by that allocation strategy. In this paper, we develop a task migration strategy for the sub cube allocation policy based on the binary reflected Gray code. A goal configuration (of destination subeubes) without fragmentation is determined first. Then, the node-mapping between the source and destination subcubes is derived. Finally, a routing procedure to achieve shortest deadlock-free paths for relocating tasks is developed.
Geometry, kinematics, and landscape characteristics of an active transtension zone, Karakoram fault system, Southwest Tibet

Abstract We investigate the style of active transtensional deformation and characteristics of the landscape along the southern segment of the Karakoram fault system through field mapping, structural analysis, and examination of digital topography (SRTM, ASTER), multi-spectral (ASTER, Landsat 7+), and panchromatic (Corona photography) imagery. Our data suggests that wrench-dominated transtension is occurring within a 90-km-wide zone; simple shear within the zone is accommodated by right-lateral R and P shears as well as left-lateral R′ shears, vertical shortening is accommodated by ∼north-striking extensional shear zones and horizontal shortening is accommodated by ∼east–west-trending transtension-related corrugations. Drainage divides strike at high angles and subparallel to the transtension zone. Those that strike at high angles to the zone can be explained by movement along north-striking extensional fault systems, while the geometry of drainage divides subparallel to the zone are consistent with uplift of corrugations as well as rapid uplift of mountain ranges by normal-right-slip faulting.
J resistance behavior in functionally graded materials using cohesive zone and modified boundary layer models

This paper describes elastic–plastic crack growth resistance simulation in a ceramic/metal functionally graded material (FGM) under mode I loading conditions using cohesive zone and modified boundary layer (MBL) models. For this purpose, we first explore the applicability of two existing, phenomenological cohesive zone models for FGMs. Based on these investigations, we propose a new cohesive zone model. Then, we perform crack growth simulations for TiB/Ti FGM SE(B) and SE(T) specimens using the three cohesive zone models mentioned above. The crack growth resistance of the FGM is characterized by the J-integral. These results show that the two existing cohesive zone models overestimate the actual J value, whereas the model proposed in the present study closely captures the actual fracture and crack growth behaviors of the FGM. Finally, the cohesive zone models are employed in conjunction with the MBL model. The two existing cohesive zone models fail to produce the desired K–T stress field for the MBL model. On the other hand, the proposed cohesive zone model yields the desired K–T stress field for the MBL model, and thus yields JR curves that match the ones obtained from the SE(B) and SE(T) specimens. These results verify the application of the MBL model to simulate crack growth resistance in FGMs.
Free Energies of Formation of Illite Solid Solutions and their Compositional Dependence

Electron probe analyses of diagenetic illites in Eocene sandstones from Kettleman North Dome, California, along with analyses of coexisting interstitial waters were used to calculate apparent molal free energies of formation of the illites at the in situ conditions of 100°C and 150 bars. Various triangular and rectangular compositional plots, once contoured for free energy, crudely indicate that the free energy decreases as the potassium content increases, decreases as the Al-for-Si substitution increases, and appears to be a minimum along a narrow composition valley having ~3% Fe2O3 of octahedral cations. Qualitatively, the shape of the free energy surface suggests only small departures from ideality.
A 2:1 Receptor/C60 Complex as a Nanosized Universal Joint

Buckycatcher II, a C51H24 hydrocarbon with two corannulene pincers on a dibenzonorbornadiene tether, exhibits an affinity toward C60 in organic solvents that is dramatically higher than the original buckycatcher C60H28 and other corannulene-based molecular receptors for fullerenes. In addition to the formation of an usual 1:1 C60@catcher inclusion complex, a trimeric C60@(catcher)2 assembly is detected in solutions and in the solid state. X-ray structure determination reveals a remarkable “universal joint” solvent-free crystal arrangement of the trimer, with a single fullerene cage wrapped by four corannulene subunits of two cooperating catcher receptors.
Regulatory considerations in the clinical development of vaccines indicated for use during pregnancy

Despite supportive public health policies (e.g., ACIP recommendations), the potential for providing clinical benefit through maternal immunization has yet to be fully realized. For vaccines already licensed and approved for use in adults, specific FDA approval for use during pregnancy to prevent disease in the mother and/or infant may have a significant impact on uptake and usage in pregnant women. In addition, for either a licensed vaccine or a novel vaccine, FDA approval for use during pregnancy would result in labeling that would serve as a resource for practitioners and would facilitate the safe and effective use of the vaccine during pregnancy. In the U.S., while many vaccines are approved for use in adults and most are not contraindicated for use in pregnant women, no vaccine is licensed for use specifically during pregnancy. Among the perceived obstacles hindering the clinical development of vaccines for use in pregnancy, regulatory issues are frequently cited. One aim of this article is to address the perceived regulatory obstacles. General concepts and regulatory considerations for clinical safety and effectiveness evaluations for vaccines indicated for use during pregnancy will be discussed. This discussion is not intended to establish data requirements or to articulate agency policy or guidance regarding specific vaccine products.
Resilience Intervention for Young Adults With Adverse Childhood Experiences.

BACKGROUND: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are correlated with risk behaviors of smoking, disordered eating, and alcohol and substance abuse. Such behaviors can lead to significant public health problems of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, liver disease, and hypertension, yet some individuals do not appear to suffer negative consequences but rather bounce back. OBJECTIVE: To pilot the feasibility and potential efficacy of the Empower Resilience Intervention to build capacity by increasing resilience and health behaviors and decreasing symptoms and negative health behaviors with young adults in an educational setting who have had ACEs. DESIGN: A two-group pre–post repeated measures design to compare symptoms, health behaviors, and resilience and written participant responses. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant cohort by time interaction for physical activity in the intervention group. There was no significant change in risk behaviors or resilience score by cohort. Young adu...
Continuous Analysis of Argon for Traces of Nitrogen

Argon is widely used as an inert gas blanket for welding and for titanium manufacture. If nitrogen is present in amounts greater than five to fifty parts per million (ppm), the weld or the titanium may contain nitrides, which are brittle.
An extra invariant for the system of four wave packets in one spatial dimension

Abstract The system of four wave packets (like light pulses in optical fibers) is shown to have an extra adiabatic-like invariant, in addition to the energy, momentum, and Manley–Rowe relations. A theoretical argument is suggested showing that the 4-wave interaction in one-dimensional systems can restrict spectral broadening.
...And Beyond: Reeingineering with A.D.R. - A Symposium Retrospective

This symposium speech targets the reasons for encouraging the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in business dispute. The argument for ADR in place of litigation would be client driven as the demand for efficiencies grows. While the private bar has been slow to adopt an ADR approach, the changing world will continue to demand it. While that has not been the case to date, this argument focuses on “reengineering” which has taken place in both business, education and government. Reengineering requires a focus on the client, and as pressure mounts from clients, law firms will be forced to adapt. Three sources will supply the pressure: corporate legal departments, economic realities of the legal profession, and advancing technology creating a more efficient law firm environment.
Characterization of Dye-Doped Polymer Films for Nonlinear Polymer 1D Photonic Crystals

The incorporation of a nonlinear dye into a nanolayered polymer structure has the ability to greatly enhance the nonlinear transmission of the dye. Several characeteristics of the nanolayered structured were studied to optimize the effect.
Childhood Experience and Emotional Security in the Context of Sinhalese Social Organization

Pimpri Colony represents an island of Sindhi language and cultural tradition, where about 8,000 refugees live in relative isolation from their surrounding Maharashtrian neighbours. To a Westerner, the existence of such a cultural island might seem to be a cause for alarm; and he would perhaps suggest measures for increasing social interaction between the two communities, such as bringing together leaders and representatives of both sections, or the mutual association of young people's groups or religious associations. Nothing of this sort, apparently, has been done so far at Pimpri or Poona. On the other hand, the present system is perfectly in line with India's traditional solution of social problems-the co-existence of social units which lie side by side, which mutually tolerate and mutually ignore one another. In this system there may be economic interdependence and a certain amount of rather formalized social intercourse, but otherwise the various social islands pursue separate existences. If a campaign were ever undertaken to break down the barriers between Sindhis and Maharashtrians, it would only be logical to include, as corollary objects for attack, the barriers of isolation between castes among the Maharashtrians and regional groups among the Sindhis. This problem, which faces India as a whole, appears in miniature at Pimpri where the General Panchayat is trying to find means of establishing a community esprit de corps. The various regional panchayats still fulfill an important social function, for the regional unit represents a close in-group and it probably provides a much greater feeling of belongingness for its members than the more arbitrary neighborhood grouping. This means that it will take considerable time for wider community ties and responsibilities to become established. It is the opinion of the writer that proponents of the General Panchayat are right in supporting a united organization to represent the camp as a whole and are thoroughly justified in combating the selfseeking motives of politicians who use the regional panchayats as springboards to power and influence. But at the same time it would be unfortunate if the positive social functions of the regional panchayats were to distintegrate. Refugees naturally have a strong need to feel part of an in-group, and among the Sindhis of Pimpri at the present time the region of origin still seems to provide the most important basis for association.
Endoscopic foraminotomy for recurrent lumbar radiculopathy after TLIF: Technical report.

Background Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a well-accepted fusion technique that uses unilateral facet removal as an oblique corridor for inserting an interbody spacer. This manuscript focused on five cases of endoscopic foraminotomy for patients presenting with recurrent radiculopathy after TLIF procedures. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, charts from five patients with lumbar radiculopathy and instrumented TLIF procedures who underwent subsequent endoscopic procedures between 2011 and 2013 were reviewed. Results The average pain relief 1 year postoperatively was reported to be 63.8%, good results as defined by MacNab. The average preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score was 9.5, indicated in our questionnaire as severe and constant pain. The average 1 year postoperative VAS score was 3.5, indicated in our questionnaire as mild and intermittent pain. Conclusion Transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy could be used as a safe, yet, minimally invasive and innovative technique for the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy in the setting of previous instrumented lumbar fusion. Irb approval Lifespan: IRB Study # 600415.
Sex education discussion groups in a medical setting.

(1973). Sex Education Discussion Groups in a Medical Setting. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 23-41.
On the correlation between microscopic structural heterogeneity and embrittlement behavior in metallic glasses

In order to establish a relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties, we systematically annealed a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) at 100 ~ 300 °C and measured their mechanical and thermal properties. The as-cast BMG exhibits some ductility, while the increase of annealing temperature and time leads to the transition to a brittle behavior that can reach nearly-zero fracture energy. The differential scanning calorimetry did not find any significant changes in crystallization temperature and enthalpy, indicating that the materials still remained fully amorphous. Elastic constants measured by ultrasonic technique vary only slightly with respect to annealing temperature and time, which does obey the empirical relationship between Poisson’s ratio and fracture behavior. Nanoindentation pop-in tests were conducted, from which the pop-in strength mapping provides a “mechanical probe” of the microscopic structural heterogeneities in these metallic glasses. Based on stochastically statistic defect model, we found that the defect density decreases with increasing annealing temperature and annealing time and is exponentially related to the fracture energy. A ductile-versus-brittle behavior (DBB) model based on the structural heterogeneity is developed to identify the physical origins of the embrittlement behavior through the interactions between these defects and crack tip.
CHIUW 2016 Keynote

This talk aims to present my personal experiences using Chapel in my research. My research interests are in observational cosmology; more specifically, I use large surveys of galaxies to constrain the evolution of the Universe and to probe the physics underlying that evolution. Operationally, this involves measuring a number of spatial statistics of the distribution of galaxies, both on actual observations, but also on large numbers of simulated universes. I'll start by presenting a whirlwind introduction to cosmology, the problems that keep me up at night and our approaches to solving these. I'll then discuss what attracted me to Chapel-the ability to prototype algorithms quickly and the promised ease and flexibility of writing parallel programs. I'll then present a worked example of Chapel being used in a real-world application, discussing some of these aspects as well highlighting its interoperability with existing libraries, as well as some of the challenges. I'll conclude with what it would take for me to switch over to using Chapel all of the time.
Opening Review in LIS Journals: A Status Report

INTRODUCTION Peer-review practices in scholarly publishing are changing. Digital publishing mechanisms allow for open peer review, a peer review process that discloses author and reviewer identities to one another. This model of peer review is increasingly implemented in scholarly publishing. In science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines, open peer review is implemented in journal publishing processes, and, in the humanities and social sciences, it is often coupled with new scholarship practices, such as the digital humanities. This article reports findings from an exploratory study on peer-review and publishing practices in Library and Information Science (LIS), focusing on LIS’s relationships with open peer review. METHODS Editors of LIS journals were surveyed regarding journal peer review and publishing practices. RESULTS This article reports the general “pulse” of attitudes and conversations regarding open peer review and discusses its challenges in LIS. Results show an ideological split between traditionally-published journals and open access and association-affiliated journals. Open access and association-affiliated journal editors are more likely to consider investigating open peer review. DISCUSSION The LIS community of journal editors, authors, reviewers, and readers need to discuss open peer review as well as experiment with it. Experiments with open peer review in scholarly LIS publishing will inform our praxis as librarians.
Emerging Issues: Compulsive Online Sexual Behaviors

With the increasing public access to the World Wide Web in the 1990s came the availability of online sex (J Sex Educ Ther 22:5–6, 1997) which to this day still represents a sizable portion of internet traffic and income. As a subtype of online sexual activity, “cybersex” is defined as using the internet to engage in sexually gratifying activities (Sex Addict Compulsivity 11:129–143, 2004). It includes a wide array of behaviors such as viewing erotic or pornographic images; sharing explicit details of one’s sex life, including pictures or descriptions of oneself or one’s partner; interacting with anonymous partners through forums, chat rooms, or blogs; interacting with sex workers online; meeting potential sexual partners with the prospect of an offline relationship; as well as engaging in wanted/unwanted sexually explicit contacts through email, social media, or other online resources (Psychiatr Clin North Am 4:697–712, 2008). The seemingly unlimited availability of sexual material online, its relative affordability, compounded with the perceived anonymity it provides, has produced what some researchers called a new “sexual revolution” (Sexuality and the Internet: the next sexual revolution, The psychological science of sexuality: a research based approach, New York, 519–45, 1999). These characteristics of the internet, in addition to the social values, cultural beliefs, and physical hindrances associated with the world outside the World Wide Web, has contributed to paraphilics and other sexual minorities being “forced online” (J Homosex 51:71–92, 2006).
Challenges to Opioid Treatment Programs After Hurricane Sandy: Patient and Provider Perspectives on Preparation, Impact, and Recovery.

ABSTRACTOver 300,000 patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD) receive methadone maintenance therapy from opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States. Large numbers of these attend OTPs located in New York and New Jersey, areas (largely but not exclusively coastal) impacted by Hurricane Sandy (Sandy) on October 29th, 2012. Disruption of methadone dispensing and other services can have severe consequences to patients (and treatment seekers) such as relapse, dropping out of treatment and resumption or increase in HIV/HCV injection risk behaviors. To facilitate OTP preparedness and response, we developed recommendations for OTPs for future emergencies. Using both qualitative and quantitative measures, we obtained data from OTP directors, staff, patients and out-of-treatment persons to learn how OTPs prepared for the impending hurricane, whether recovery efforts were successful, and what impact the hurricane has had. We observed a wide range of preparation and recovery efforts among participating p...
Miocene Planktonic Foraminifera from Newport Bay California

Twenty species of planktonic foraminifera are reported from the Miocene Monterey Shale at Newport Bay, California. Rocks of the Luisian Stage contain numerous individuals and species; those of the overlying Mohnian Stage contain fewer species and individuals. Two local zones, recognized in the Luisian, are tentatively correlated with the lower Globorotalia f ohsi Assemblage Zone in Trinidad (Burdigalian). Higher parts of the Mohnian may correlate with the Helvetian. The classification adopted in this paper is based on the surface texture of the test. Forms with hispid tests ( spinose when living) are separated from smooth and pitted forms (non-spinose when living). This criterion has been utilized for distinguishing taxa at all systematic levels. Protentella gen. nov. (type species, P. prolixa sp. nov.) is described from the upper Luisian. Six new species are described: Turborotalia lata, Globigerina tecta, Protentella prolixa, and Globorotaloides trema from the Luisian; and Globigerina bramlettei and Eoglobigerina operta from the Mohnian.
Multiplexed Elimination of Wild-Type DNA and High-Resolution Melting Prior to Targeted Resequencing of Liquid Biopsies.

Background: The use of clinical samples and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) collected from liquid biopsies for diagnostic and prognostic applications in cancer is burgeoning, and improved methods that reduce the influence of excess wild-type (WT) portion of the sample are desirable. Here we present enrichment of mutation-containing sequences using enzymatic degradation of WT DNA. Mutation enrichment is combined with high-resolution melting (HRM) performed in multiplexed closed-tube reactions as a rapid, cost-effective screening tool before targeted resequencing. Methods: We developed a homogeneous, closed-tube approach to use a double-stranded DNA-specific nuclease for degradation of WT DNA at multiple targets simultaneously. The No Denaturation Nuclease-assisted Minor Allele Enrichment with Probe Overlap (ND-NaME-PrO) uses WT oligonucleotides overlapping both strands on putative DNA targets. Under conditions of partial denaturation (DNA breathing), the oligonucleotide probes enhance double-stranded DNA-specific nuclease digestion at the selected targets, with high preference toward WT over mutant DNA. To validate ND-NaME-PrO, we used multiplexed HRM, digital PCR, and MiSeq targeted resequencing of mutated genomic DNA and cfDNA. Results: Serial dilution of KRAS mutation-containing DNA shows mutation enrichment by 10- to 120-fold and detection of allelic fractions down to 0.01%. Multiplexed ND-NaME-PrO combined with multiplexed PCR-HRM showed mutation scanning of 10–20 DNA amplicons simultaneously. ND-NaME-PrO applied on cfDNA from clinical samples enables mutation enrichment and HRM scanning over 10 DNA targets. cfDNA mutations were enriched up to approximately 100-fold (average approximately 25-fold) and identified via targeted resequencing. Conclusions: Closed-tube homogeneous ND-NaME-PrO combined with multiplexed HRM is a convenient approach to efficiently enrich for mutations on multiple DNA targets and to enable prescreening before targeted resequencing.
Severe Orthostatic Hypotension Complicating Multiple Myeloma

IntroductionAmyloidosis is a well-recognized complication of multiple myeloma, although isolated vascular amyloidosis of the kidney is relatively rare. Vascular amyloidosis is associated with fewer urinary findings than the more common glomerular amyloidosis, and may present both diagnostic and treatment challenges, particularly when performing renal replacement therapy.Case descriptionWe present a 53-year-old man who presented with light-headedness complicated by multiple falls, severe orthostatic hypotension, and acute kidney injury. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with multiple myeloma. His course was complicated by progressively worsening kidney function, which necessitated renal replacement therapy, and persistent symptoms of orthostatic hypotension despite maximal medical therapy. A kidney biopsy revealed light chain cast nephropathy and isolated vascular amyloidosis of the kidney. Hemodialysis and subsequently continuous veno-venous hemodialysis were poorly tolerated due to severe hemodynamic ...
The Latinos of Asia: how Filipinos break the rules of race

Although Filipinos are one of the largest and fastest growing groups in the United States, sociological research has often ignored and rendered their experiences invisible. When included in researc...
Positive Psychosocial Factors and Cognition in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults.

Objectives: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from largely non-Hispanic White cohorts suggests that positive psychosocial factors, particularly self-efficacy and social support, may protect against late-life cognitive decline. Identifying potentially protective factors in racial/ethnic minority elders is of high importance due to their increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The overall goal of this study was to characterize cross-sectional associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognitive domains among Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Methods: A total of 548 older adults (41% Black, 28% Hispanic, 31% White) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed cognitive and psychosocial measures from the NIH Toolbox and standard neuropsychological tests. Multiple-group regressions were used to compare cross-sectional associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognition across racial/ethnic groups, independent of demographics, depressive symptoms, and physical health. Results: Positive associations between self-efficacy and language did not significantly differ across race/ethnicity, although the bivariate association between self-efficacy and language was not significant among Hispanics. Additional positive associations were observed for Whites and Blacks, but not Hispanics. Negative associations between emotional support and purpose in life and working memory were seen only in Hispanics. Conclusions: Results confirm and extend the link between self-efficacy and cognition in late life, particularly for White and Black older adults. Previous studies on positive psychosocial factors in cognitive aging may not be generalizable to Hispanics. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to determine whether negative relationships between certain psychosocial factors and cognition in Hispanics reflect reverse causation, threshold effects, and/or negative aspects of having a strong social network. (JINS, 2018, 24, 294–304)
A tectonized ultramafic-mafic-pelitic package in Stockbridge, Vermont: Metamorphism resulting from subduction and exhumation

A tectonized ultramafic-mafic-pelitic package southwest of the Burgess Branch Fault Zone in the Rowe/Prospect Rock slice in Stockbridge, Vermont preserves Taconian subduction zone metamorphism. The polydeformed package consists of carbonatized and chloritized serpentinite lozenges that are faulted between graphitic phyllite and an intercalated zone of mafic greenstones and pelitic schists that retain primarily Taconian structures. Amphiboles zoned chemically in greenstones display decreases in PL (NaM4) and TK (AlVI + Fe3+ + 2Ti + Cr) from cores to rims. Pseudosection and amphibole isopleth calculations show that different greenstone bodies experienced peak subduction zone metamorphism at different depths between ∼19 and 32 Km (0.55–0.95 GPa) and/or at different temperatures between ∼425 and 500 °C. Barroisite and winchite cores preserve the highest pressure and lowest temperature peak metamorphism, which is interpreted as lower blueschist facies. All greenstones followed decompression cooling paths to lower greenschist facies where actinolite rims grew. Assembly of the ultramafic-mafic-pelitic package probably occurred in a Taconian exhumation channel containing mantle serpentinite, oceanic crust, and clastic rocks of the Laurentian margin and Iapetan Ocean basin.
Robust State Estimation Against Measurement and Network Parameter Errors

Errors in network parameters can cause serious bias in state estimation solution and make good measurements identified and discarded as bad data. This paper addresses this issue by developing a state estimator that remains robust against parameter errors. This is accomplished by modifying the formulation of the well-known least absolute value state estimator in order to identify and reject not only gross measurement errors, but also parameter errors in the network model. The resulting state estimate will not only be free from the impact of erroneous parameters, but will also reliably estimate and correct the erroneous parameters at the same time. The proposed approach can be formulated as a linear programming (LP) problem, and solved in a computational efficient manner by existing LP solvers. Simulation results show that it is effective under different types of parameter errors, gross measurement errors, and Gaussian noise.
CSR Management als Wettbewerbsvorteil. Ein integrierter Ansatz im Volkswagen Konzern

Gerhard Pratorius und Klaus Richter skizzieren in ihrem Beitrag das CSR-Management der Volkswagen AG und als Schwerpunkt das Stakeholder-Management als Innovationstreiber, daruber hinaus werden konkrete Beispiele der Umsetzung des Unternehmens aufgezeigt.
Lactic acid and trisodium phosphate treatment of lamb breast to reduce bacterial contamination.

Lactic acid and trisodium phosphate (TSP) were evaluated for the ability to reduce Escherichia coli and aerobic plate counts (APCs) on lamb breasts that were inoculated with a lamb fecal paste. A 90-s water rinse was applied followed by either a 9-s (55°C) 2% lactic acid spray, a 60-s (55°C) 12% TSP dip, or a combined treatment of both lactic acid and TSP treatments. Lactic acid reduced E. coli and APCs by 1.6 log 10 /cm 2 . and TSP caused a 1.8-log 10 /cm 2 reduction in E. coil and a 0.7-log 10 /cm 2 reduction in APCs. Combined reductions by the lactic acid spray followed by the TSP dip were 1.8 and 1.5 log 10 /cm 2 for E. roll and APCs, respectively. Lactic acid and trisodium phosphate, used alone or in combination, were effective in reducing numbers of E. coli and could be useful as pathogen intervention steps in lamb slaughter processing. Reduire ou prevenir la contamination des carcasses pendant l'abattage permet d'assurer un produit plus sain. En ce qui concerne l'agneau, la presence de matieres fecales sur la laine augmente la contamination initiale des carcasses. Les taux de coliformes correspondent avec la probabilite de contamination pendant l'enlevement de la peau et l'evisceration. L'acide lactique est un agent antimicrobien efficace dans la reduction de contamination et le phosphate trisodique est un phosphate alcalin utilise dans la reduction de microorganismes dans les viandes. Cette etude teste la capacite de reduction de Escherichia coli et des bacteries aerobies d'une vaporisation d'acide lactique a 2% (55°C) et d'une immersion dans du phosphate trisodique a 12% (55°C). Elle mesure la performance de ces traitements separes et combines pour evaluer la strategie d'intervention la plus efficace.
Understanding Discourses in Science and Science Education

Language begins with words but how humans create and use words depends on lots of others factors. For example, language also contains linguistic resources; including grammar, which includes rules about how we combine words to form phrases, clauses, and sentences; semantic structure, which can be described as conventions about how we use words to identify objects and processes; and phonology, which is about speech sounds and rules about pronunciation. Such variety allows flexibility so that we can produce different texts in different contexts to make use of different linguistic features. However, this flexibility is limited by cultural rules about texts that are acceptable in a specific context. But language is not static. Experience with popular culture serves to highlight its dynamic nature as BFF (best friend forever), F2F (face to face), and TMI (too much information) become readily recognized and, in some contexts, valued ways of communicating. Of course, one implication of such development is that there can be a disconnect between the language children bring to science and the language of the Eurocentric science that often forms the basis of science education.
Controversial issues: A practical guide to the use of weight loss medications after bariatric surgery for weight regain or inadequate weight loss.

Obesity continues to be the most prevalent chronic disease in the United States with ~40% of the adult population and ~19% of the pediatric population with this diagnosis, and the prevalence of severe obesity in the adults and pediatrics is ~8% and ~6%, respectively.[1, 2] In patients with moderate to severe obesity, bariatric surgery has the potential to provide significant and sustainable weight loss while also improving obesity related co-morbid conditions.[3] Despite its overall relative high degree of efficacy compared to other treatment strategies, patients may experience inadequate weight loss (<50% of excess weight loss (EWL)) or weight regain after bariatric surgery which warrants consideration of alternate treatment modalities. warrants consideration of alternate treatment modalities. Current data suggest that between 25–35% of patients have inadequate weight loss or experience significant weight regain.[4–6] Inadequate weight loss and weight regain is multifactorial- it may secondary to genetics, sociodemographic factors, mental health co-morbid conditions, physical inactivity, poor diet quality or secondary to pathophysiology factors specific to the type of bariatric surgery performed.[7] While revision bariatric surgery and endoscopic procedures may be entertained,[8, 9] studies have shown that weight loss medications may confer between 5– 15% of TWL after bariatric surgery without additional surgical intervention.[7, 10] The medical community has expressed interest in utilizing weight loss medications for achieving weight loss after bariatric surgery. Weight loss medications have emerged as an underutilized treatment strategy in this patient population. In our study which is the largest retrospective analysis of weight loss medications in bariatric surgery patients to date, of 15 medications evaluated, topiramate was the only medication which demonstrated statistical significance for ≥ 5% total body weight loss.[7] Yet in a recent analysis of this same patient cohort, topiramate, phentermine, and metformin appeared to be efficacious in young adults aged 21–30 years old.[6] Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research regarding the use of medications after weight loss surgery, and more research is needed to provide patients with tools to treat inadequate weight loss and weight regain. To date, there is no practical guide that provides guidance regarding this practice for practitioners who do not have specialized training (e.g. completion of an obesity medicine fellowship) in this treatment strategy. This article seeks to provide some guidance (based upon our clinical experience) to those with interest in exploring the use of weight loss medications in the population with inadequate weight loss or weight regain after weight loss surgery.
Abstract 265: Oral Nitrite Supplementation Improves Rates of Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

Introduction: Nitric oxide (NO) is required for cutaneous wound healing. Impaired diabetic wound healing has been linked to a deficiency in local NO production and can be enhanced with NO delivery....
Real-time Dynamic Models for Soft Bending Actuators

Soft robotics has witnessed increased attention from the robotic community due to their desirable features in compliant manipulation in unstructured spaces and human-friendly applications. Their light-weight designs and low-stiffness are ideally suited for environments with fragile and sensitive objects without causing damage. Deformation sensing of soft robots so far has relied on highly nonlinear bending sensors and vision-based methods that are not suitable for obtaining precise and reliable state feedback. In this work, for the first time, we explore the use of a state-of-the-art high fidelity deformation sensor that is based on optical frequency domain reflcctometry in soft bending actuators. These sensors are capable of providing spatial coordinate feedback along the length of the sensor at every 0.8 mm at up to 250 Hz. This work systematically analyzes the sensor feedback for soft bending actuator deformation and then introduces a reduced order kinematic model, together with cubic spline interpolation, which could be used to reconstruct the continuous deformation of the soft bending actuators. The kinematic model is then extended to derive an efficient dynamic model which runs at 1.5 kHz and validated against the experimental data.
Comment on ``Hispanic Population 1990–2000: Growth and Change'', Population Research and Policy Review, Special Issue on the 2000 Census

Snapshots from censuses capture the panarama of a population's changes in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Censuses have historically compensated for serious gaps in statistical systems, especially valuable with tens of millions of migrants in a world on the move (Stalker 2000). Because the emergent Hispanic population grew quickly from slightly more than two million in 1950 to 35 million in 2000, the U.S. population profiles of 1950, 2000, and 2050 are different on ethnic and racial dimensions (Hollmann et al. 2000). The findings reported about growth of Hispanics over 1990-2000 imply revisions to national population projections by race and Hispanic origin in late 2002. Already, the United States is projected as the lone developed nation among the top twenty countries by 2050, principally from immigration from developing nations, especially Latin American ones (United Nations 2001). Setting aside the myriad implications of this migration for foreign policy and international relations, social scientists and policymakers are pursuing various domestic implications for societal institutions and, since 1 1 September 2001, are renewing interest in authorization status and border security. Contemplating the demographic and social processes and mysteries underlying the contemporary Hispanic population, demographers are intrigued by the classical questions of changing composition and changing propensity. Which bears more important signals for the future population? Key questions are whether recent Hispanic immigrants' makeup by county differs from that of immigrants of the 1970s and 1980s, and the degree to which such differences might account for Hispanics' change on assimilation measures. Hispanics or Latinos are highly differentiated on nativity and socioeconomic characteristics, as well as on temporal variables of age, duration of residence, and age at immigration, that may affect outcomes such as occupational mobility (Myers and Cranford 1998). Furthermore, in which ways are institutions influential for immigrant experiences and, are there differences for geographic settings, certain origins, or entry cohorts? Hispanic growth in
LGBTQIA-R: Creating a Diverse and Inclusive Medical Collection at a Public Metropolitan University

AbstractInformation about the LGBTQIA population is difficult to collect because of the sensitive nature of the topic of sexual preference and gender identity. This paper examines our weeding proje...
Critical Quarterly, Leavisism and UEA

This article explores the origins of Critical Quarterly, situating it in relation to Leavisite ideas that were prevalent in the 1950s and 1960s. It argues that CQ presented a modified version of the Leavisite project, stressing (against Leavis) the continued vitality of contemporary culture, and seeking to expand the readership for informed literary criticism beyond the walls of the university. This democratising mission was to some extent shared in common with the early years of English at UEA, where it contributed to the founding of Britain’s first creative writing programme.
Moving forward from the mid-career: Path options and strategies for mid-career academics:

The goal of the Mid-career Task Force of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society is to support development and mentoring programs of mid-career professionals through activities such as panels and ...
Acidic ionic liquid catalyzed liquefactions of corn cobs and switchgrass in acetone: Analysis of bio-oils using LC-MS and GC-MS

Abstract The liquefaction of corn cobs and switchgrass was studied using 1-(3-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride Bronsted acidic ionic liquids as catalysts in acetone at 120 °C for 5 h. The highest biomass conversions to liquefied bio-oil for corn cobs and switchgrass are 63.4 ± 0.9 and 56.4 ± 0.9 % (w/w) respectively. The liquefied products were fractionated to polar and non-polar fractions by solvent extractions and analyzed using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC MS) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The weights of polar fraction : non-polar fraction was 2 : 1 for all liquefied bio-oils. Sixteen products were identified from the polar fractions of liquefied bio-oils, whereas nineteen products were identified from methylene chloride soluble non-polar fractions. The compounds formed as a result of cross aldol condensations of biomass derived furans furfural and 5-hydrxymrthylfurfural with one or more acetone molecules were identified in bio-oils. Four lignin derived compounds were also found in non-polar factions of liquefied bio-oils. Corn cobs with higher hemicellulose content produced higher liquefaction product yields indicating that hemicellulose is more easily liquefied under the conditions used. The two catalysts, 1-(3-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride produced practically comparable liquefaction yields, showing that structural effect of one methylene group in the catalyst is not significant.
Probabilistic Flood Loss Assessment at the Community Scale: Case Study of 2016 Flooding in Lumberton, North Carolina

AbstractFlood events are one of the most common natural disasters in the United States and can disrupt businesses; strain the financial resources of agencies that respond; and often leave household...
Experimental demonstration of multi-spectral imaging of vegetation with a diffractive plenoptic camera

The use of diffractive optics on space-based multi-spectral sensors allows for the creation of large-aperture systems in small cube satellite packages. However, the current technology will only allow for the imaging of one narrow spectral band. By using computational imaging, the number of spectral bands imaged can be increased while still maintaining a lightweight satellite. We have designed and built a diffractive plenoptic camera (DPC) that combines a diffractive optic and a light field camera in order to capture multiple spectral bands of vegetation to calculate a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This paper will derive equations to relate system parameters to its performance and capture a multi-spectral scene with a DPC. The analysis yielded design equations for the spectral range, spectral resolution, and field of view. The experimental results found that the DPC was able to determine the location of the vegetation but with reduced NDVI values in comparison to a grating spectrometer. Additionally, artifacts like the zeroth-order of diffraction and spectra occupying the same spatial location, were found to contribute to the reduction of the NDVI values. Near the borders of the refocused image, false values were found as a result of optical aberrations present. Overall, the DPC shows potential in becoming a space-based multi-spectral sensor, but the contribution from artifacts and aberrations need to be reduced. Future work includes using different diffractive optic designs, using an intermediate image diffractive plenoptic camera, and using 3D deconvolution techniques.
The Real-World Writing Project for Public Health Students: A Description and Evaluation:

Writing is a key skill for Public Health students, but instructors are not necessarily trained in how to teach writing. The Real-World Writing Project requires students to produce a writing project...
Unusual Neuroimaging in a Case of Rapidly Progressive Juvenile-Onset Krabbe Disease:

Krabbe disease is a progressive neurologic disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase. The disease commonly has an early-infantile onset, but can have late-infantile, juvenile, or adult-onset phenotypes. Classic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in Krabbe have been well described. We report a patient, ultimately diagnosed with juvenile-onset Krabbe, who presented with atypical CT imaging and rapid disease progression. Our patient was a previously healthy and developmentally appropriate female who presented at 3 years 4 months of age with ataxia and motor regression that had progressed over the course of 6 weeks without an identifiable catalyst. CT, performed in the emergency setting, demonstrated extensive white matter hyperdensity. Subsequent MRI showed T2 hyperintensity of the white matter corresponding to the areas of hyperdensity on the CT, as well as enhancement of multiple cranial nerves bilaterally, suggestive of Krabbe disease. Enzymatic testing demonstrated low galactocerebrosidase activity and molecular testing of GALC revealed compound heterozygosity for 2 known pathogenic mutations, consistent with a diagnosis of Krabbe Disease. This included the common 30-kb deletion and a known pathogenic mutation associated with juvenile/adult-onset disease. Our patient's diffuse hyperdensity on CT offers a new radiographic finding to include in the repertoire of Krabbe imaging, and thus aide in the diagnostic evaluation. The rapidity of progression our patient demonstrated is additionally unique and should be considered in the identification of juvenile Krabbe as well as the complicated decision-making process regarding potential treatments.