cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase: The Effect of Zinc(II) ions and Chelating Ligand Fragments on Enzymatic Activity

Abstract A 96-member chelator fragment library (CFL-1.1) was screened to identify inhibitors of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase in the absence and presence of zinc acetate. Fragments that inhibit LYP activity more potently in the presence of zinc, fragments that rescue LYP activity in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of zinc, and fragments that inhibit LYP activity independent of zinc concentration were identified. Of these, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene was the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.52 ± 0.06 μM after 2 h of incubation. LYP inhibition by 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene was very similar to inhibition by 1,2-naphthoquinone (IC50 = 1.10 ± 0.03 µM), indicating that the oxidized quinone species is likely the active inhibitor. The inhibition was time-dependent, consistent with covalent modification of the enzyme.
Comparison of two numerical techniques for aerodynamic model identification

An algorithm, called the Minimal Residual QR algorithm, is presented to solve subset regression problems. It is shown that this scheme can be used as a numerically reliable implementation of the stepwise regression technique, which is widely used to identify an aerodynamic model from flight test data. This capability as well as the numerical superiority of this scheme over the stepwise regression technique is demonstrated in an experimental simulation study.
Geographic markets in hospital mergers: a case study

In three recent hospital merger cases, the courts concluded that the merged hospital would be unable to increase price profitably because of competition from distant hospitals. In reaching this conclusion, the courts found the following: hospitals earn high margins on the last patients that they serve; given these high margins, a small price increase would be unprofitable if even a relatively small percentage of patients switched to other hospitals; many of the merging hospitals' patients live in ‘contestable’ zip codes, where a large percentage of patients already use other hospitals; a price increase at the merging hospitals would prompt a large number of these patients to switch to other hospitals; and this amount of switching would make the price increase unprofitable. This article argues that the courts in these cases erred in accepting the defendants' argument that switching by patients living in ‘contestable’ zip codes would make a price increase at the merging hospitals unprofitable. Specifically,...
A Framework for CAD- and Sensor-Based Robotic Coating Automation

Coating automation of a complex product family with changes and uncertainties is investigated. A CAD- and scanner-based robotic coating system is proposed. Its software system consists of a data-processing system and automatic programming and simulation system. The data processing system is capable of generating accurate surface model from points-cloud and/or as-designed CAD model. The automatic programming and simulation system is capable of creating robot programs based on the surface models. In this paper, the system framework and the methodology for generating robot programs are focused
Stray dogs as sentinels for canine parvovirus

Abstract An attempt to determine the prevalence of canine parvovirus in the stray dog population of Franklin County, Ohio (U.S.A.) was made by sampling dogs during the first 6 months of 1981. Serum and fecal samples, which were collected from 209 strays at time of euthanasia, were tested by serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and fecal hemagglutination (HA) techniques to determine canine parvovirus experience (seropositive) or fecal virus shedding, respectively. Sera collected from 93 strays for an unrelated study conducted in 1979 were used as the comparison group. All of the 1979 sera were HI negative (
First-principles approach to rotational-vibrational frequencies and infrared intensity for H 2 adsorbed in nanoporous materials

The absorption sites and the low-lying rotational and vibrational (RV) energy states for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ adsorbed within a metal-organic framework are calculated via van der Waals density-functional theory. The induced dipole due to bond stretching is found to be accurately given by a first-principles-driven approximation using maximally localized Wannier function analysis. The strengths and positions of lines in the complex spectra of RV transitions are in reasonable agreement with experiment, and in particular explain the experimentally mysteriously missing primary line for parahydrogen.
Dexmedetomidine may impair cognitive testing during endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a retrospective case report series.

Summary After the reported successful use of dexmedetomidine to sedate patients in the intensive care unit without respiratory depression, we began to use dexmedetomidine for interventional neuroradiologic procedures. We report on five patients who had dexmedetomidine administered for sedation during embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. All patients were comfortably sedated and breathing spontaneously. However, although patients were awake and following simple commands 10 minutes after the discontinuation of the infusion of dexmedetomidine, they were nevertheless unable to undergo cognitive testing. They were still unable to undergo cognitive testing 45 minutes after the infusion was stopped. In contrast, 10 minutes after the discontinuation of the infusion of propofol, all patients were awake, alert, cooperative, and able to undergo cognitive testing without difficulty. In conclusion, on examination of five nonrandomly selected case records, we found that dexmedetomidine significantly prevented neurologic and cognitive testing.
Location of equine oviductal embryos on Day 5 post ovulation and oviductal transport time of Day 5 embryos autotransferred to the contralateral oviduct

Abstract The location of equine embryos and their rate of transport through the mare's oviduct prior to uterine entry on Day 6 post ovulation are not well defined. We tested the hypothesis that equine embryos are located at the ampullary-isthmic junction until just prior to uterine entry by attempting to recover Day 5 equine embryos from 4 separately flushed oviductal segments (ampulla, ampullary-isthmic junction, proximal isthmus and distal isthmus) of 16 bred mares. At least 1 embryo was located in the oviductal segment that included the ampullary-isthmic junction in each of 12 mares, and 1 embryo was located in the uterus of each of the 4 remaining mares. The recovery of most Day 5 embryos near the ampullary-isthmic junction less than 24 h before the expected time of uterine entry supports the hypothesis that equine embryos are retained for most of the oviductal period near the ampullary-isthmic junction and suggests that embryo transport through the oviductal isthmus is rapid. We estimated the rate of embryo transport through the entire oviduct by transferring Day 5 embryos from the ipsilateral to the contralateral oviducts of 9 mares and subsequently attempting to recover the embryos from the uterus at 36, 48 or 72 h post autotransfer. Fewer (P
Asymptotic behavior of quasiparticle damping in a degenerate electron gas

An analytic expression has been derived within the random-phase approximation for the imaginary part of the self-energy ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{2}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, \ensuremath{\omega})$ of a degenerate electron gas, valid in the limit $\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{4{E}_{0}}g3+\frac{k}{{k}_{0}}+{(\frac{k}{2{k}_{0}})}^{2}$, where ${E}_{0}$ is the Fermi energy and ${k}_{0}$ the Fermi wave number. Our calculation reveals that for such large values of $\ensuremath{\omega}$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{2}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, \ensuremath{\omega})$ drops off as ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$. An analytic expression for the self-energy valid for large $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ has also been obtained and it is shown that for each value $\ensuremath{\omega}$ there is a particular $k$ beyond which ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{2}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}, \ensuremath{\omega})$ would vanish.
Redundancy management of shuttle flight control sensors

Aerospace programs such as the Space Shuttle increasingly demand that avionics be fault tolerant. This paper describes the concept used for sustaining two system failures in the Shuttle Flight Control System (FCS) using redundancy management of sensors as the specific area of emphasis. Moreover, an analytical approach is described which is capable of verifying performance on a statistical basis, addressing performance requirements concerned with ? Avoidance of nuisance failures. ? Detectability of faults. ? Maximum vehicle transients incurred as a result of a failure. This approach will be the basis for preflight verification of Space Shuttle FCS redundancy management implemented in software.
Dynamical vacuum selection in string theory

We study a system of D-branes localized near an intersection of Neveu-Schwarz fivebranes, that is known to exhibit a landscape of supersymmetric and (metastable) supersymmetry breaking vacua. We show that early universe cosmology drives it to a particular long-lived supersymmetry breaking ground state.
Testing the Importance of Target Selection Factors Associated with Commercial Burglary Using the Blended Approach

Studies of commercial burglary suggest that environmental cues influence target selection; surveillability (proximity to capable guardians), target-hardening techniques (visible security measures), edge effect (isolation from activity), accessibility, and liquidation potential consistently appear to be important factors affecting target choice. The current study contributes to this body of literature by examining the concentration of these factors at the block level in high-crime zones. Using the ‘blended approach’, this research uses geographic information systems technology to identify crime concentration at the community level, and then site analysis to examine environmental cues at the contextual level. Comparing high-crime zones with matched comparison sites in Redlands, California, this research found accessibility to be the most important target selection factor.
Preferred Rules in Continuous Time Markov Decision Processes

Motivated by a planning horizon result for continuous time Markov decision chains, we study decision rules, called preferred, which may be used in the initially stationary part of nearly optimal policies. We characterize these rules and then, under conditions involving state recurrence and accessibility, consider finding such rules. We also discuss the connection between preferred rules and certain discounted process decision rules, and the role of preferred rules in optimal policies.
Intermediate Phases, structural variance and network demixing in chalcogenides: The unusual case of group V sulfides

Abstract We review intermediate phases (IPs) in chalcogenide glasses and provide a structural interpretation of these phases. In binary group IV selenides, IPs reside in the 2.40
Study on Non-Static Collection Theory for Dust of Electrostatic Precipitator

In order to further improve the collection efficiency of ESP especially for high-resistivity dust and perfect electrostatic collection theory, how dust layer effects collection efficiency should be revealed more accurately. Taking dust layer as research object, the paper has theoretically analysed the charge distribution of dust layer based on basic principles of electrostatics and Ohm’s Law in order to deduce the formula of the amount of accumulated charge in dust layer. The formula of electric-field strength formed by accumulated charges in collection space was deduced according to the principle of constant voltage and the potential continuity principle of phase boundary. Then the formulas of calculating the effective collecting electric-field and the effective theory migration velocity of charged particles were obtained. The theoretical criterion of occurring back corona was proposed by theoretical analysis of distribution characteristics of electric-field strength in dust layer. Besides that, the elaboration of non-static electrostatic collection theory has enriched and developed the traditional electrostatic collection theory. The paper has player an important role in the design of structure and the selection of operating parameters of ESP, and in the direction to explore the new ways of improving collection efficiency of high-resistivity dust.
Chondrule formation in particle-rich nebular regions at least hundreds of kilometres across

Chondrules are millimetre-sized spherules (mostly silicate) that dominate the texture of primitive meteorites. Their formation mechanism is debated, but their sheer abundance suggests that the mechanism was both energetic and ubiquitous in the early inner Solar System. The processes suggested--such as shock waves, solar flares or nebula lightning--operate on different length scales that have been hard to relate directly to chondrule properties. Chondrules are depleted in volatile elements, but surprisingly they show little evidence for the associated loss of lighter isotopes one would expect. Here we report a model in which molten chondrules come to equilibrium with the gas that was evaporated from other chondrules, and which explains the observations in a natural way. The regions within which the chondrules formed must have been larger than 150-6,000 km in radius, and must have had a precursor number density of at least 10 m(-3). These constraints probably exclude nebula lightning, and also make formation far from the nebula midplane problematic. The wide range of chondrule compositions may be the result of different combinations of the local concentrations of precursors and the local abundance of water ice or vapour.
Daily administration of m-chlorophenylpiperazine to healthy human volunteers rapidly attenuates many of its behavioral, hormonal, cardiovascular and temperature effects.

The serotonergic agent meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) increases temperature and plasma ACTH and other hormones and decreases soical interaction, locomotor activity and food intake in rats, most likely via stimulation of 5-HT2c receptors. Repeated daily administration ofm-CPP to rats induces rapid tolerance to these effects ofm-CPP. Asm-CPP has been used in challenge tests and in preliminary treatment trials in humans, we evaluated the possible development of tolerance tom-CPP in ten healthy human volunteers using a double-blind, random assignment crossover study of placebo versus dailym-CPP infusions. Psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety, temperature, pupil size, diastolic blood pressure, and plasma ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin concentrations were increased by the first administration ofm-CPP (0.08 mg/kg) compared to placebo. All of these responses were attenuated onm-CPP days 2 and 3. Plasmam-CPP levels did not differ across the 3m-CPP days. Repeatedm-CPP administration thus appears to induce rapid, tolerance to its behavioral and physiological effects in humans Further investigations of the mechanisms involved in the development of subsensitivity tom-CPP may contribute to increased understanding tom-CPP may contirbute to increased understanding of the regulation of serotonin-mediated functions and of anxiety, disorders.
Feasibility Study of Parametric Excitations of a Tuning Fork Microgyroscope

In this paper, we use parametrically excited pendulums as a model of a tuning fork microgyroscope to explore the feasibility of exciting the symmetric mode of two coupled oscillators. For the tuning fork microgyroscope to work, the two proof masses must be driven into oscillations which are opposite in directions. We study the nonlinear dynamics of the coupled pendulums under parametric excitations. The results show that there is a range of parameters for which pendulum responses are opposite in directions. Moreover, this phase relationship persists even in the presence of structural asymmetry, which is often unavoidable in device fabrication. Our study indicates the feasibility of using the parametric excitation to replace electrostatic comb-drives in current microgyroscope designs. The advantage of the parametric excitation is that it can be externalized. The fabrication is thus simplified.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The effect of intermittent pneumatic compression of legs on the levels of nitric oxide related species in blood and on arterial function in the arm

Abstract Background Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of legs exerts beneficial local vascular effects, possibly through local release of nitric oxide (NO). However, studies demonstrating systemic transport of nitrogen oxide species and release of NO prompt the question of whether IPC could also exert nonlocal effects. We tested whether IPC (1) affects systemic levels of nitrite, S-nitrosothiols and red blood cell (RBC) NO, and (2) exerts vasoactive effects in the brachial artery (BA), although this hypothesis-generating pilot study did not investigate cause and effect relationship between (1) and (2). Methods In 10 healthy subjects, ages 24–39 years, we measured plasma nitrite, plasma S-nitrosothiols and RBC-NO from venous blood samples drawn before and after IPC treatment. We also measured BA responses to 5 min of upper arm occlusion at rest and during1 h of leg IPC. Results There was a significant decrease in plasma nitrite (112 ± 26 nM to 90 ± 15 nM, p = 0.0008) and RBC-NO (129 ± 72 nM to 102 ± 41 nM, p = 0.02). Plasma S-nitrosothiols were unchanged (5.79 ± 4.81 nM to 6.27 ± 5.79 nM, p = 0.3). BA occlusion-mediated constriction (OMC) was significantly attenuated with IPC treatment (−43 ± 13% to −33 ± 12%, p = 0.003). High-flow mediated BA dilation was unchanged (13.3 ± 9.4% to 11.5 ± 7.2%, p = 0.2). Conclusion Plasma nitrite, RBC-NO, and BA OMC decreased with leg IPC. We hypothesize that this decrease in circulatory pool of plasma nitrite and RBC-NO may result from the transfer of their NO-bioactivity from blood to the hypoxic arm tissue, to be stored and released under hypoxic stress and oppose OMC. Future studies should investigate whether IPC-induced decreases in brachial OMC are caused by the changes in systemic NO activity, and whether leg IPC could benefit distant arterial function in systemic cardiovascular disease.
The synthesis and some reactions of 2‐methyl‐4,5‐pyrimidinediearbonitrile

Diethyl ethoxymethyleneoxalacetate and acetamidine gave 2-methyl-4,5-bis(carbethoxy)-pyrimidine. The ester was converted to 2-methyl-4, 5-pyrimidinedicarbonitrile which gave 2-methyl-4-methoxy-5-pyrimidinecarbonitrile when treated with methanol at room temperature. Attempts to hydrogenate the dinitrile in the presence of nucleophiles led to displacement at C-4. Attempted hydrogenation of the dinitrile in dimethylformamide gave 2,2′-dimethyl-5, 5′-dicyano-4, 4′-bipyrimidine.
The occurrence of arachidonic and related acids in plants

Im Gegensatz zu der allgemeinen Auffassung, dass Arachidonsaure nur in Tieren und den niedrigsten Formen des Pflanzenreiches vorkomme, konnte diese Saure in mehreren Arten Farn und Moos nachgewiesen und identifiziert werden. Die relative Menge der Arachidonsaure betragt in den bisherigen Beispielen zwischen 10 und 35% der Fettsaurekomponenten.
Assessment of Changes in Stream and Riparian Conditions of the Marys River Basin, Nevada1

Abstract: Stream and riparian managers must effectively allocate limited financial and personnel resources to monitor and manage riparian ecosystems. They need to use management strategies and monitoring methods that are compatible with their objectives and the response potential of each stream reach. Our objective is to help others set realistic management objectives by comparing results from different methods used to document riparian recovery across a diversity of stream types. The Bureau of Land Management Elko Field Office, Nevada, used stream survey, riparian proper functioning condition (PFC) assessment, repeat photographic analysis, and stream and ecological classification to study 10 streams within the Marys River watershed of northeast Nevada during all or parts of 20 years. Most riparian areas improved significantly from 1979 to 1992-1993 and then additionally by 1997-2000. Improvements were observed in riparian and habitat condition indices, bank cover, and stability, pool quality, bank angle, and depth of undercut bank. Interpretation of repeat photography generally confirmed results from stream survey and should be part of long-term riparian monitoring. More attributes of Rosgen stream types C and E improved than of types B and F. A and Gc streams did not show significant improvement. Alluvial draws and alluvial valleys improved in more ways than V-erosional canyons and especially V-depositional canyons. Stream survey data could not be substituted for riparian PFC assessment. Riparian PFC assessments help interpret other data.
Oxidation of polyhydric alcohols by the prostate gland and seminal vesicle.

Abstract Certain accessory sexual tissues of male rodents contain an enzyme which catalyzes the reversible oxidation of sorbitol to fructose with diphosphopyridine nucleotide as the hydrogen acceptor. The properties, substrate specificity, and distribution of this enzyme (ketose reductase) are discussed.
Misrepresentation and underemployment of behavior therapy.

Abstract Despite its well-documented record of success in the treatment of the neuroses, behavior therapy is little taught in departments of psychiatry because of an inaccurate image based on misinformation. This paper sets forth the essential features of modern behavior therapy of the neuroses, and the basic data concerning its efficacy and the range of its application in the neuroses. The factors responsible for the misinformation are noted, as well as the implications for psychiatric practice if behavior therapy were fully used.
Laboratory experiments in the study of the chemistry of the outer planets

It is shown that much information about planetary chemistry and physics can be gained through laboratory work. The types of experiments relevant to planetary research concern fundamental properties, spectral/optical properties, 'Miller-Urey' syntheses, and detailed syntheses. Specific examples of studies of the chemistry in the atmosphere of Titan are described with attention given to gas phase chemistry in the troposphere and the composition of model Titan aerosols. A list of work that still needs to be done is provided.
Model Selection for Simulation Design: A Multiobjective Decision Analysis Approach with an Application to Simulating Transport Agents:

This article reviews the characteristics of the model selection problem for simulation software or analyses and presents a multiobjective decision analysis approach for model selection that addresses these characteristics. The approach is illustrated with an application to selecting a modeling approach for simulating transport agents. The authors discovered that using multiobjective decision analysis for model selection can assist decision makers in more fully understanding all aspects of the simulation design problem and can uncover insights into the particular simulation project being designed.
Evolution of Veatch, Washington, and Norfolk Submarine Canyons: Inferences from strata and morphology

Abstract Investigations of Veatch, Washington, and Norfolk Submarine Canyons, on the eastern continental margin of the United States, resulted in a detailed assessment of their past and present geologic processes. Norfolk and Washington Canyons share such characteristics as similar levee geometry, stratigraphy, and mineralogy; Veatch Canyon differs from Norfolk and Washington Canyons in these respects. Seismic reflection profiles of all three submarine canyon heads indicate an erosional origin. Seismic profiles of Veatch Canyon's lower continental slope indicate a formation by depositional processes; in contrast, the continental-slope profiles of Washington and Norfolk Canyons reveal a history of alternating episodes of deposition and erosion. Cored sediments from Washington and Norfolk Canyons disclose recent, intermittent, down-canyon transport of sand to the continental rise. Bathymetric and seismic profiles suggest Veatch, Washington, and Norfolk Canyons have all been subjected to a minimum of two periods of development. Similar axial trends of Washington and Norfolk Canyons imply a common structural influence.
Analysis of aspartate and glutamate in human cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with automated precolumn derivatization.

Abstract A method is described for the analysis of the neuroexcitatory amino acids, aspartate and glutamate, in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography. Fluorescent isoindole derivatives of the amino acids were prepared by reacting the amino acids with ortho-phthalaldehyde in an automated, precolumn procedure. Chromatographic conditions were developed that resolve the isoindole derivatives of aspartate and glutamate from those of at least 10 unidentified components of CSF. Amino acids were reliably quantified in 5-μl samples of CSF, and deproteinization of the specimens was not required. Furthermore, it was found that deproteinization by precipitation with strong acid can lead to artifactually high measurements of glutamate. The concentrations of free aspartate and glutamate in lumbar CSF from 15 neurologically normal children were 0.30 ± 0.11 and 0.48 ± 0.26 μ m (mean ± SD), respectively. The value for glutamate is considerably lower than has been reported in any previous study of human CSF.
Laser Diode Nonlinearity And Its Applications In The Optical Injection Locking Of Solid State Oscillators

Large-signal modulation of a laser diode generates harmonics which can be exploited in applications such as indirect optical injection locking of millimeter wave local oscillators in optically controlled phased array antennas. Under large-signal modulation, the output harmonic content of laser diodes with and without reflective coating on the back facet is analyzed on the basis of the rate equations and is compared with the experimental results over 2-6 GHz. The utilization of these harmonics in the optical injection locking of millimeter wave oscillators has also been demonstrated for two 21.5GHz free-running FET oscillators. Finally a comparison has been made between the laser diode and FET nonlinearities. Experiments reveal that the laser nonlinearity has a greater contribution to the locking range than that of the FET.
Developmental regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors within midbrain dopamine neurons

We have combined anatomical and functional methodologies to provide a comprehensive analysis of the properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on developing dopamine (DA) neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats. Double-labeling in situ hybridization was used to examine the expression of nAChR subunit mRNAs within developing midbrain DA neurons. As brain maturation progressed there was a change in the pattern of subunit mRNA expression within DA neurons, such that alpha3 and alpha4 subunits declined and alpha6 mRNA increased. Although there were strong similarities in subunit mRNA expression in substantia nigra (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), there was higher expression of alpha4 mRNA in SNc than VTA at gestational day (G) 15, and of alpha5, alpha6 and beta3 mRNAs during postnatal development. Using a superfusion neurotransmitter release paradigm to functionally characterize nicotine-stimulated release of [(3)H]DA from striatal slices, the properties of the nAChRs on DA terminals were also found to change with age. Functional nAChRs were detected on striatal terminals at G18. There was a decrease in maximal release in the first postnatal week, followed by an increase in nicotine efficacy and potency during the second and third postnatal weeks. In the transition from adolescence (postnatal days (P) 30 and 40) to adulthood, there was a complex pattern of functional maturation of nAChRs in ventral, but not dorsal, striatum. In males, but not females, there were significant changes in both nicotine potency and efficacy during this developmental period. These findings suggest that nAChRs may play critical functional roles throughout DA neuronal maturation.
Self-management and Self-rated Health Among Middle-aged and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Structural Equation Model

This study assesses the association between self-rated health (SRH) and diabetes self-management (DSM) factors (i.e., conventional self-care, holistic health practices, and insulin injection) among age 40 and older Chinese with type 2 diabetes in China. Three models are proposed and tested using structural equation model techniques analyzing the data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2006). All models have acceptable fit with the data. In all three models, insulin injection is negatively associated with SRH. Conventional self-care and holistic health practices predict impaired SRH only when examined separately. Whereas the connection between insulin injection and lower SRH is not surprising, the negative effect of holistic health practices and conventional self-care on SRH warrants further attention. The findings potentially suggest more complex theoretical or conceptual models should be developed to explain the relationship between DSM and SRH in a non-Western context. In addition, health care professionals might consider the benefits of DSM on health and wellness among middle-aged and older diabetics, and cogitate developing effective interventions and instructions for DSM in China that acknowledge the relationship between DSM and SRH.
Providing assertive community treatment for severely mentally ill patients in a rural area.

Objective: The authors' goals were to describe an assertive community treatment program developed for patients in rural South Carolina and to evaluate the effect of the program on rates of hospital utilization and cost of care. Methods: Twenty-three patients with chronic psychotic disorders living in rural areas of South Carolina were assigned to an assertive community treatment program. The patients' average number of days per year in the hospital, length of stay per admission, number of admissions per year, and estimated annual cost of care during the five years before assignment to the program and during a period from four to 26 months after assignment were compared. Results: The intervention was associated with a 79 percent decrease in hospital days per year, a 64 percent decrease in the number of admissions per year, a 75 percent decrease in the average length ofstayper admission, and a 52 percent reduction in estimated direct cost of care. Conclusions: Although the methods of assertive community tre...
The Efficiency and Specificity of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Site Bypass by Human DNA Polymerase η and Sulfolobus solfataricus Dpo4

One of the most common DNA lesions arising in cells is an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site resulting from base loss. Although a template strand AP site impedes DNA synthesis, translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases can bypass an AP site. Because this bypass is expected to be highly mutagenic because of loss of base coding potential, here we quantify the efficiency and the specificity of AP site bypass by two Y family TLS enzymes, Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase 4 (Dpo4) and human DNA polymerase η (Pol η). During a single cycle of processive DNA synthesis, Dpo4 and Pol η bypass synthetic AP sites with 13–30 and 10–13%, respectively, of the bypass efficiency for undamaged bases in the same sequence contexts. These efficiencies are higher than for the A family, exonuclease-deficient Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. We then determined AP site bypass specificity for complete bypass, requiring insertion or misalignment at the AP site followed by multiple incorporations using the aberrant primer templates. Although Dpo4, Pol η, and Klenow polymerase have different fidelity when copying undamaged DNA, bypass of AP sites lacking A or G by all three polymerases is nearly 100% mutagenic. The majority (70–80%) of bypass events made by all three polymerases are insertion of dAMP opposite the AP site. Single base deletion errors comprise 10–25% of bypass events, with other base insertions observed at lower rates. Given that mammalian cells contain five polymerases implicated in TLS, and given that a large number of AP sites are generated per mammalian cell per day, even moderately efficient AP site bypass could be a source of substitution and frameshift mutagenesis in vivo.
Proposed association between ileoanal j-pouch perforation and rapid consumption of a high-calorie, high-fiber meal: report of two cases.

PURPOSE: We report two cases of ileoanal J-pouch rupture after rapid consumption of high-fiber, high-calorie meals. METHOD: We review the food intake, presentation, laboratory and radiographic data, and course of two patients who developed ileoanal J-pouch perforation after rapid consumption of meals rich in fiber or calories or both. The potential association between food consumption and rupture is explored. RESULTS: The authors propose that the rapid ingestion of a high-fiber, high-calorie meal may lead to an acute intraluminal pressure elevation or a closed-loop obstruction. These effects may be the basis for an association between food ingestion patterns and perforation at the distal transection site in an ileoanal J-pouch. CONCLUSION: The authors hypothesize that the rapid ingestion of a high-fiber, high-calorie meal may be associated with J-pouch perforation. Further investigative efforts are needed to confirm this association and to evaluate whether a causal relationship is present. If causality is established, physicians may develop a higher index of suspicion for pouch rupture in patients who present with abdominal disturbances after the rapid ingestion of a high-fiber, high-calorie meal.
Reference terminations for the scattering matrix

The relationship between the scattering matrixes of a given network (or microwave junction) with different reference terminations is developed. For this the scattering matrix with respect to coupled terminations is introduced, and a 2-port example is considered.
Multi-Angle Lensfree Holographic Imaging for 3-D Cytometry on a Chip

Optical microscopy is an essential tool for many biomedical applications. Although commonly-used in laboratory settings, conventional optical microscopes are bulky and relatively costly to use in resource-limited settings which partially limit their use in point-of-care applications.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Oral Delivery of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin-(1-7) Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension

Emerging evidences indicate that diminished activity of the vasoprotective axis of the renin–angiotensin system, constituting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its enzymatic product, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, long-term repetitive delivery of ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) would require enhanced protein stability and ease of administration to improve patient compliance. Chloroplast expression of therapeutic proteins enables their bioencapsulation within plant cells to protect against gastric enzymatic degradation and facilitates long-term storage at room temperature. Besides, fusion to a transmucosal carrier helps effective systemic absorption from the intestine on oral delivery. We hypothesized that bioencapsulating ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) fused to the cholera nontoxin B subunit would enable development of an oral delivery system that is effective in treating PH. PH was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by monocrotaline administration. Subset of animals was simultaneously treated with bioencapsulaed ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) (prevention protocol). In a separate set of experiments, drug treatment was initiated after 2 weeks of PH induction (reversal protocol). Oral feeding of rats with bioencapsulated ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) prevented the development of monocrotaline-induced PH and improved associated cardiopulmonary pathophysiology. Furthermore, in the reversal protocol, oral ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) treatment significantly arrested disease progression, along with improvement in right heart function, and decrease in pulmonary vessel wall thickness. In addition, a combination therapy with ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) augmented the beneficial effects against monocrotaline-induced lung injury. Our study provides proof-of-concept for a novel low-cost oral ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) delivery system using transplastomic technology for pulmonary disease therapeutics.
Rheumatology--Lyme disease.

It has now been more than 15 years since the mothers in Lyme, Connecticut, brought the entity causing an alarming incidence of arthritis to the attention of the medical community. Since then, Lyme disease has been recognized as a much more widespread illness, with an incidence that has risen dramatically. Much progress has been made in determining the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and causative agent; we have made progress in the diagnosis and treatment. However, many questions still remain. With the increased incidence has come extensive media coverage of this disease. Attention often is given to very nonspecific symptoms that have been associated with Lyme disease. This has led to many misconceptions about the illness and to many cases of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. In this review we will explore what is known and what is not known about Lyme disease, with a specific emphasis on the clues to diagnosis.
Signaling performance of SIP based VoIP: a measurement-based approach

VoIP must offer the same level of performance and reliability as PSTN, if it were to replace the traditional PSTN. An important indicator of the performance of VoIP is the signaling or call set up delay. Most of the prior research efforts concerning the signaling performance consider long distance calls routed over public wide area networks. Due to the many outstanding issues associated with using VoIP over public networks, however, VoIP is considered to be a viable option primarily in the case of corporate intranets and tunnels. When VoIP is used over corporate intranets and tunnels, the influence of factors such as workload of end user devices, and the number of proxies along the routing path may be prominent and this influence needs to be determined. Also, corporate VoIP service is likely to be offered across heterogeneous network infrastructures using solutions from multiple vendors. As a result, it is necessary to be able to measure the signaling performance of VoIP independent of the underlying networking technology and the vendor-specific implementation. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of open, standard JAIN (Java APIs for integrated networks) SIP APIs, which are originally developed to foster rapid service creation across heterogeneous networks, for the purpose of measuring signaling performance of VoIP. Since the performance measurement capability is based on open, standard APIs it can be used uniformly for VoIP implementations from multiple vendors operating on heterogeneous network infrastructures. We quantify the impact of workload on end-user devices on the signaling performance of VoIP via extensive experimentation. Our results can be used to estimate the signaling performance for a given level of load prior to deployment of VoIP
Dynamical phase transition in a fully frustrated Josephson array on a square lattice

We study dynamical phase transitions at temperature T=0 in a fully frustrated square Josephson junction array subject to a driving current density, which has nonzero components i{sub x}, i{sub y} parallel to both axes of the lattice. Our numerical results show clear evidence for three dynamical phases: a pinned vortex lattice characterized by zero time-averaged voltages {sub t} and {sub t}, a ''plastic'' phase in which both {sub t} and {sub t} are nonzero, and a moving lattice phase in which only one of the time-average voltage components is nonzero. The last of these has a finite transverse critical current: if a current is applied in the x direction, a nonzero transverse current density i{sub y} is required before {sub t} becomes nonzero. The voltage traces in the moving lattice phase are periodic in time. By contrast, the voltages in the plastic phase have continuous power spectra that are weakly dependent on frequency. This phase diagram is found numerically to be qualitatively unchanged by the presence of weak disorder. We also describe two simple analytical models that recover some, but not all, the characteristics of the three dynamical phases, and of the phase diagram calculatedmore » numerically. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.« less
Successful treatment of liver hemorrhage in the premature infant

Intraoperative neonatal liver hemorrhage usually results in exsanguination and death. The parenchyma of a neonatal liver is fragile, and the capsule is very thin, unlike that in the pediatric and adult patient. This renders the treatment of a neonatal liver fracture almost universally unsuccessful. The current report describes two cases of successful management of intraoperative neonatal liver hemorrhage during surgery for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Effects of bulk pH and of monovalent and divalent cations on chlorophyll a fluorescence and electron transport in pea thylakoids.

Abstract Millimolar concentrations of monovalent cations enhance and divalent cations impede the redistribution (spill-over) of electronic excitation energy from Photosystem (PS) II to PS I in cation-depleted (sucrose-washed) thylakoids; this concept is based on chlorophyll a fluorescence and electron transport measurements over a narrow pH range around 7. We have tested the above concept in pea thylakoids over the pH range 5 to 9 by parallel measurements of various chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (spectra, transients, and lifetimes at 77 K and 293 K, and polarization at 293 K) and of the rates of partial reactions of PSI and II. Our results provide the following information. 1. (1) Mg 2+ enhancement of fluorescence is maximum between 680 and 690 nm and minimum between 710 and 720 nm. 2. (2) The optimum conditions for the observation of the Mg 2+ -induced enhancement of fluorescence are: wavelength of emission, 685 nm; concentration of Mg 2+ , 10 mM, and pH, ∼7.5. 3. (3) Mg 2+ decreases the efficiency of excitation redistribution from PS II to PS I over the pH range 6 to 9. 4. (4) The antagonistic effects between Na + and Mg 2+ hold simultaneously for both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime, at physiological temperatures, only within the pH range 6 to 8. 5. (5) Mg 2+ enhances the light-limited electron transport rate through PS II in the pH range 5.4 to 8.2 and decreases that through PS I at pH 7.1 and 8.2. The % increase in PS II is, however, about twice the % decrease in PS I.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Intraoperative ultrasound of the extrahepatic biliary tree and the natural history of postoperative transabdominal ultrasound findings

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been rapidly embraced as an alternative to conventional open cholecystectomy (OC). While LC is less invasive than OC, it is still a surgical procedure with potential complications such as retained bile duct stones, iatrogenic injury to the bile duct with or without bile leak, hemorrhage, intestinal injury, and abscess formation. This article discusses the feasibility of intraoperative transmural ultrasound of the extrahepatic biliary tree with a 6.2 French catheter-based ultrasound probe and reviews the natural history of postoperative changes in the liver and gallbladder bed with conventional transabdominal ultrasound.
Survivable routing in WDM networks

We consider the problem of routing the lightpaths of a logical topology of a WDM network on an arbitrary physical topology, such that the logical topology remains connected even after the failure of a physical link. In a previous paper Modiano et. al. (see Proc. IEEE INFOCOM'01, 2001) introduced the notion of survivable routing and established a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence survivable routes of a logical topology in a physical topology. In this paper we show that the problem of determining whether survivable routing is possible for a logical topology in a given physical topology is an NP-complete problem. Moreover we show that the problem remains NP-complete, even when the logical topology is restricted to be a ring with a specific ordering of the nodes.
Paleosols Below the Ames Marine Unit (Upper Pennsylvanian, Conemaugh Group) in the Appalachian Basin, U.S.A.: Variability on an Ancient Depositional Landscape

ABSTRACT A Vertisol-like paleosol complex, ranging from 3 to > 10 m thick, is developed below the Ames marine interval (Conemaugh Group, Upper Pennsylvanian) in the Appalachian Basin (eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and adjacent parts of Maryland and Kentucky). Sub-Ames mudstones contain the following pedogenic features: very large slickensides, microsparitic calcite nodules, nodules or coatings of radial calcite spar, preserved soil microstructure, soil-compatible birefringence fabrics, and prominent mottling (commonly restricted to the lower part of the paleosolum). Soil formation comprised: (1) long-term pedogenesis in alluvial (and probably lacustrine) sediments, and (2) rapid development of Histosols (Harlem Coal) as much as 8 m thick encouraged by the approaching Am s transgression. Pedogenic carbonates in the sub-Ames interval at three localities yielded 18O values ranging from -6.18 to -1.21 PDB (average = - 4.02 PDB; s.d. = 1.42) and 13C values ranging -9.17 to -6.72 PDB (average = -8.12 PDB; s.d. = 0.59). A inary plot of these values suggests mixing (probably seasonal) of evaporative and meteoric effects on isotope partitioning. The stratigraphy of the Ames-Harlem Coal interval, the regional distribution and thickness of the Harlem Coal, and features of the sub-Ames paleosol show that the pre-Ames landscape had significant local relief (in the form of shallow paleovalleys with broad interfluves) along the western to northern margin of the Appalachian Basin (Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania). The stratigraphic relationships of sub-Ames paleosols, the Harlem Coal-Ames marine unit interval, and the Ames marine unit itself are compatible with a significant effect of eustatic sea-level rise in this area. Greater regional tectonic subsidence was probably the strongest control on sub-Ames sedimenta ion and pedogenesis along the eastern to southern margin (south-central Pennsylvania, West Virginia, northeasternmost Kentucky), where there appears to have been very little relief. The morphology and stable-isotope geochemistry of sub-Ames paleosols are compatible with seasonally wet-dry climates, probably with moderate ( 500-1000 mm) annual rainfall.
When Three Charms but Four Alarms: Identifying the Optimal Number of Claims in Persuasion Settings

How many positive claims should firms use to produce the most positive impression of a product or service? This article posits that when consumers know that the message source has a persuasion motive, the optimal number of positive claims is three. Increasing the number of claims improves consumer perceptions until the fourth claim, at which point consumers' persuasion knowledge causes them to view all the claims with skepticism. The studies herein establish and explore this pattern, which the authors refer to as the “charm of three.” An initial experiment indicates that impressions peak at three claims for sources with a persuasion motive but not for sources without a persuasion motive. The second experiment indicates that this effect occurs for attitudes and impressions and that increased skepticism at four or more claims explains the effect. Two final experiments examine the mental process by which the charm of three occurs by investigating how cognitive load and sequential claims influence the effect.