cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disinformation and Misinformation: Organizational Self-Assessment in the Military

When can organizations assess themselves and adapt? The current literature articulates a number of answers, but lacks a clear understanding of how organizations evaluate their own personnel. This paper considers a Principal-Agent relationship and characterizes a “Self-Policing” dynamic in which Agents may inform on one another to the Principal. In the model, Principals evaluate Agents in an effort to replace incompetent Agents while retaining competent ones. The results indicate that there will be higher turnover when the probability of a competent replacement is greater or after poor outcomes provided that the cost to firing a Subordinate is sufficiently low. These characteristics also make Principals less able to identify incompetent Agents, increasing the likelihood that incompetent Agents will be retained and competent Agents will be fired. This paper highlights the need for further work on intraorganizational dynamics to further our understanding of conflict. ∗I would like to thank Cliff Carrubba, Michael Horowitz, Danielle Jung, Shawn Ramirez, Eric Reinhardt, Dan Reiter, Toby Rider, Emily Ritter, Idean Salehyan, Elizabeth Saunders, Jun Koga Sudduth, and Patricia Sullivan for detailed comments on previous drafts of this paper, which have been presented at the 2015 Peace Science Society International Annual Meeting, the 2016 International Studies Association Annual Meeting, and the 2016 Online Peace Science Colloquium. Correspondence: wawagst@emory.edu.
Encapsulation of a Biobased Lignin–Saponite Nanohybrid into Polystyrene Co-Butyl Acrylate (PSBA) Latex via Miniemulsion Polymerization

In this study, lignin recovered from a biorefinery waste stream was used to modify a clay saponite to form a lignin–clay nanohybrid. Approximately 32 wt % of lignin was associated into a lignin–clay nanohybrid, which could be well dispersed into an organophilic monomer phase. This nanohybrid was then encapsulated into polystyrene co-butyl acrylate (PSBA) particles to form stable latex via in situ miniemulsion polymerization. The final latex had a broad size distribution and a narrow window of the nanohybrid (1.9–5.3 wt %) loading level. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of latex films indicated successful encapsulation of intercalated nanohybrids inside a co-polymer matrix. The introduction of lignin–clay nanohybrids greatly improved PSBA properties. The nanocomposite with a 5.3% nanohybrid had a 13.75 times increase in tensile strength, an approximate 50 °C increase in degradation temperature, and a 42% decrease in oxyg...
Judgments, Evaluations, and Preferences

AbstractThe way that people react to the natural environment or photographic depictions of it, could be influenced by many things, some of which include artistic style, individual preferences, and cultural factors. Understanding what people react to could be important in determining how people will respond to such things as appeals to preserve the environment. Is it possible to determine what is postive and negative about anyone’s reactions to the visual environment or depictions of it? If so, what cultural influences could that have?
Laboratory diagnosis of worms and miscellaneous specimens

This article outlines the procedures to be followed when a macroscopic object thought to be a worm or other type of parasite is submitted to the clinical laboratory. These are often collected and submitted by the patient, but also may be submitted by the attending physician, the surgeon, or the pathologist. Examples of the various parasites and parasite-like objects that have been submitted to clinical laboratories are listed. Methods for preserving and examining such objects, using materials and reagents available in the clinical laboratory, are presented.
Pediatric nasal orbital cellulitis in Shenzhen (South China): Etiology, management, and outcomes.

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of orbital cellulitis in children in Shenzhen, China, and to improve the experience of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of orbital cellulites. Methods This retrospective study reviewed data from 20 children admitted to Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2009 and December 2013, with a diagnosis of nasal orbital cellulitis, severe enough to warrant hospitalization. Thirteen subjects (65%) were male and 7 (35%) were female. The median age was 3.5 years (2 months–7.2 years). The relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count, and length of hospitalization were analyzed. The patients were categorized into 2 groups according to treatment: Those treated with a combination of cefoperazone plus sulbactam sodium vs. those treated with other antibiotic treatment regimens. Results Levels of serum CRP (29.8 ± 22.0 mg/L) at the time of admission were positively correlated with length of hospitalization (6.3 ± 4.1 days, r = 0.46 , P 0.05 ). The length of time necessary for CRP levels to return to normal range after admission (3.4 ± 1.8 days) was also significantly correlated length of hospitalization ((6.3 ± 4.1)days) ( r = 0.81 , P 0.01 ). The hospital days whose CRP can be decreased to normal within 3 days (4.3 ± 1.7 days) after antibiotic treatment were significantly shorter than the others (9.1 ± 5 days) ( t = 2.61 , P 0.05 ). The length of hospitalization (4.3 ± 1.9 days) for patients ( n = 12) receiving combined cefoperazone and sulbactam sodium antibiotic treatment was significantly shorter than the length of stay (9.3 ± 4.7 days) for those patients ( n = 8) treated with other antibiotic regimens ( t = 2.83 , P 0.05 ). Bacterial pathogens were identified in 4 patients (20%), including 3 cases of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 case of Streptococcus anginosus. Acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were found in the three pus cultures. Conclusion Early efficient antibiotic treatment over the first three days may shorten the course of nasal orbital cellulitis and potentially prevent the formation of orbital abscesses. Clinical factors that were significantly related to patient recovery included improved clinical signs and normalization of blood CRP levels. Our results also indicate that combined cefoperazone and sulbactam sodium is effective and should be recommended for the treatment of pediatric orbital cellulitis.
Annual killifish transcriptomics and candidate genes for metazoan diapause

Dormancy has evolved in all major metazoan lineages. It is critical for survival when environmental stresses are not conducive to growth, maturation, or reproduction. Embryonic diapause is a form of dormancy where development is reversibly delayed and metabolism is depressed. We report the diapause transcriptome of the annual killifish Nematolebias whitei, and compare gene expression between diapause embryos and free-living larvae to identify a candidate set of 945 differentially expressed "diapause" genes for this species. Similarity of transcriptional patterns among N. whitei and other diapausing animals is striking for a small set of genes associated with stress resistance, circadian rhythm, and metabolism, while other genes show discordant patterns. Although convergent evolution of diapause may require shared molecular mechanisms for fundamental processes, similar physiological phenotypes also may arise through modification of alternative pathways. Annual killifishes are a tractable model system for comparative transcriptomic studies on the evolution of diapause.
Prediabetes Genes in Pima and Amish

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a global distribution, yet its prevalence varies from country to country with the highest rates being reported in developed and developing countries [1–3]. Studies comparing rural vs. urban dwelling, as well as migration studies, indicate that change towards a “Westernized” lifestyle is associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence rates for this disease [4]. This environmental impact has been documented in urbanized Pacific Island populations and migrant Asian Indians [5–9]. However, among individuals living in a similar environment, genetics has a clear influence on prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes. Different ethnic groups living within the same geographic region often have different prevalence rates of this disease [10]. For example, Latinos are the largest minority population in the United States and have a two to fourfold higher prevalence of diagnosed diabetes as compared to Caucasians [11, 12]. Rates of diabetes also differ between families, where siblings of affected individuals have an increased risk, which again suggests a familial component. Some of the strongest evidence for a genetic basis for type 2 diabetes comes from studies in twin pairs. Both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs share equally in a family environment, yet there is a higher concordance rate for type 2 diabetes among monozygotic twins who share 100% of their DNA as compared to dizygotic twins who share on average 50% of their DNA [13, 14].
Introduction: For All

Freud concludes one of his last works, Civilization and its Discontents — which was published in 1930, the year of Gary Snyder’s birth — by announcing the prospect that ‘we may expect that one day someone will venture to embark upon a pathology of cultural communities’. Although Freud explicitly articulates earlier in the text that he will resist the urge to take the United States as his example — will avoid, that is, ‘the temptation of entering upon a critique of American civilization’ — what is undertaken here represents the venture Freud proposed sixty years ago.1
Application of PIV to Turbulent Reacting Flows

Particle Image Velocimetiy (PIV) is used to measure the instantaneous velocity fields in the near and far field of an axisymmetric nitrogen-diluted methane jet (Re = 6000) issuing into a co-flowing air stream. Velocity measurements are taken under reacting and non-reacting conditions to determine the effects of heat release on flow structure and mixing. In addition, velocity measurements are made at the base of a lifted methane flame (Re = 4200) to examine the velocity criteria for flame stabilization. In each case, the jet and co-flow are seeded with nominally 0.3μm alumina (Al2O3) particles to obtain planar, two-component (axial and radial) velocity data in the jet, flame zone and free stream. Measurement uncertainties are assessed for the current PIV configuration, and beam steering, image distortion and thermophoresis effects on reacting measurements are discussed.
CHAPTER 345 – Signaling Pathways in the Normal and Neoplastic Breast

This chapter highlights the importance of some of the molecules in breast signaling. Clearly, the importance of signaling by the c-ErbB family, TGF-β/Smads, several other growth factors, PI3K/Akt, MEK/Erk, and Stats in mammary gland development and mammary tumorigenesis has been well documented. Despite the fact that the recent insights revealed a significant amount of evidence for their role, mostly by research using in vitro human cellular models and mouse models of human breast cancer, it appears that many more questions remain unanswered. Indeed, studies to date have only started to answer some of the fundamental questions about how the signaling molecules mentioned here contribute to physiological and pathological activities in the breast tissue. New and more sophisticated insights will undoubtedly provide crucial information that will help our understanding of the role of these molecules in breast cancer and will help in providing valuable information for future therapies.
Some Fundamentals of Probability

This monograph is not a text in probability theory, and this chapter does not give a thorough treatment of probability. Rather, it is intended as a review and reinforcement of important concepts and tools for readers who have studied probability and statistics at the level of an introductory college course that makes use of the calculus. Topics are chosen with the very specific purpose of introducing the tools and methods that will be encountered extensively in subsequent chapters. We also make use of this chapter to introduce some of the more specialized notation that we will employ.
Using naturally occurring climate resilient corals to construct bleaching-resistant nurseries

Ecological restoration of forests, meadows, reefs, or other foundational ecosystems during climate change depends on the discovery and use of individuals able to withstand future conditions. For coral reefs, climate-tolerant corals might not remain tolerant in different environments because of widespread environmental adjustment of coral physiology and symbionts. Here, we test if parent corals retain their heat tolerance in nursery settings, if simple proxies predict successful colonies, and if heat-tolerant corals suffer lower growth or survival in normal settings. Before the 2015 natural bleaching event in American Samoa, we set out 800 coral fragments from 80 colonies of four species selected by prior tests to have a range of intraspecific natural heat tolerance. After the event, nursery stock from heat-tolerant parents showed two to three times less bleaching across species than nursery stock from less tolerant parents. They also retained higher individual genetic diversity through the bleaching event than did less heat-tolerant corals. The three best proxies for thermal tolerance were response to experimental heat stress, location on the reef, and thermal microclimate. Molecular biomarkers were also predictive but were highly species specific. Colony genotype and symbiont genus played a similarly strong role in predicting bleaching. Combined, our results show that selecting for host and symbiont resilience produced a multispecies coral nursery that withstood multiple bleaching events, that proxies for thermal tolerance in restoration can work across species and be inexpensive, and that different coral clones within species reacted very differently to bleaching.
The role of uplift and erosion in the persistence of saline groundwater in the shallow subsurface

In many regions of the world, the shallow (<300 m) subsurface is replenished with meteoric recharge within a few centuries or millennia, but in some regions saline groundwater persists despite abundant rainfall. Analyses of the flushing rate of shallow groundwater usually consider the permeability and recharge rate and a static landscape. The influence of landscape evolution can become important over millions of years, however. Here we present numerical simulations of fluid flow and transport in the top 1 km of a sedimentary foreland basin dominated by aquitards, where the rate of uplift and erosion (20 m Ma−1) balances that of meteoric flushing. Paleozoic age saline groundwater and brine persist at shallow depths that might otherwise have contained potable water. Similar hydrogeologic conditions, and uplift and erosion rates, likely exist in many other regions of the world, where a moving landscape has probably never been considered as an important contributor to groundwater quality.
Outlook for Prosperity and Peace in the Emergent Global Political Economy of Robots

Russian state (alleged) interference in the 2016 US presidential election constitutes the sort of concrete example of how automated and autonomous information technologies may effect outcomes in political economy. Moreover, this concrete example strikes at the conception that there is or should be a clear demarcation between international and national politics/security. Automated and autonomous information technologies have rendered such a division as antiquated, at best, nonsensical, at worst. Perhaps more alarming is whether or not democracy will be able to survive in an era where politics is now digital. Without concerted and transnational policies initiating the sort of collective action called for in this collection, may prove to difficult a firewall to breach.
Field anesthesia of juvenile Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) using inhalation anesthesia

Between 1998 and 2008, 621 Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus, SSL) were captured underwater by SCUBA divers and anesthetized with isoflurane (n = 602) or sevoflurane (n = 19). We found significantly faster induction time (X ± SD) for sevoflurane (11 ± 6 min) compared to isoflurane (14 ± 6 min), as well as an interaction between anesthetists using the isoflurane protocol. Severe hypothermia with temperatures <35°C were measured in 22% of all animals, and had significant associations with month, length of anesthesia, and sex. Mortality rate was low (0.33%). We conclude that both isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia were effective for field anesthesia to safely handle and sample SSL.
The Cola Wars: Dallas 1975

This case covers the marketing strategies used by Pepsi and Coca-Cola during the 1975 "Cola Wars." It includes brief histories of the companies and relevant marketing data from the 1970s. Excerpt UVA-M-0900 Rev. Mar. 31, 2017 The Cola Wars: Dallas 1975 In 1975, Pepsi-Cola (Pepsi) had collected nationwide consumer research data supporting the hardest-hitting advertising in its history, the “Pepsi Challenge.” Coca-Cola (Coke) was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1886. Pepsi emerged shortly after and others, including Dr. Pepper and Royal Crown Cola (RC), also introduced their own cola brands. In 1933, Pepsi hit on a successful marketing strategy: it sold a 12-ounce bottle for the same price as a 6.5-ounce bottle of Coke (“Twice as much for a nickel”). In 1934, the success of Pepsi's strategy was evident by its need for increased bottling capacity to capitalize on the impact of the move to the 12-ounce size. The network of independent Pepsi bottlers grew and, by 1970, Pepsi had reduced Coke's overall lead to 2 to 1 and in food stores to only 1.2 to 1. Pepsi's marketing organization reflected the importance of distribution and the teamwork that was required to achieve the company's strategic goals through the 500 bottlers, some of which were company owned. Brand marketing recommended the plans by which Pepsi's resources should be allocated among distribution channels, consumer segments, new product types, geographic areas, package types, and advertising media. Field sales was responsible for implementing Pepsi marketing programs through the independent bottler systems, adapting to the variations in local conditions (share, competitive strength, and package mix) and bottler capability (financial strength, staff resources, and trade relationships). The Pepsi Bottling Group was charged with implementing strategic programs through company-owned plants. Creative services oversaw the development of national, local, and trade advertising copy. It normally expected the locally initiated copy strategies (such as the “Pepsi Challenge”) to position the company in a manner consistent with national campaigns. . . .
Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Borrelia miyamotoi in Host-Seeking Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs in Mendocino County, California

Borrelia miyamotoi is an increasingly recognized human pathogen transmitted by Ixodes ticks in the Northern Hemisphere. In North America, infection prevalences of B. miyamotoi are characteristically low (<10%) in Ixodes scapularis (Say; Acari: Ixodidae) and Ixodes pacificus (Cooley & Kohls; Acari: Ixodidae), both of which readily bite humans. We tested 3,255 host-seeking I. pacificus nymphs collected in 2004 from 79 sites throughout Mendocino County in north-coastal California for presence of B. miyamotoi. The collection sites represented a variety of forest types ranging from hot, dry oak woodlands in the southeast, to coastal redwoods in the west, and Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir-dominated areas in the northern part of the county. We found that B. miyamotoi was geographically widespread, but infected I. pacificus nymphs infrequently (cumulative prevalence of 1.4%). Infection prevalence was not significantly associated with geographic region or woodland type, and neither density of host-seeking nymphs, nor infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto was associated with B. miyamotoi infection status in individual ticks. Because B. burgdorferi prevalence at the same sites was previously associated with woodland type and nymphal density, our results suggest that despite sharing a common vector, the primary modes of enzootic maintenance for the two pathogens are likely different.
STEM Women Faculty Struggling for Recognition and Advancement in a “Men’s Club” Culture

Despite having made a number of positive steps to advance diversity and provide support for women scientist in the past ten years, STEM research institutions continue to be an environment where women faculty face a kind of “patriarchal DNA” that treats women scientists as subordinate to men. An environment continues to exist where women faculty often feel unwelcome, and unsatisfied with the rate of their accomplishments. At the time of promotion and tenure women can feel a sense of betrayal as their work is evaluated as being “less than” the work of men. To be successful in a derisive environment, many STEM women faculty report that they have developed coping strategies to adapt to a culture that often excludes them from occupying senior leadership roles, diminishes their accomplishments, and makes them feel remorseful for trying to find a work–life balance.
If we build it, will they come? The effect of new athletic facilities on recruiting rankings for power five football and men’s basketball programs

College athletics is currently in the midst of a building boom in which universities are competing with each other to reach an always-increasing standard of lavish athletic facilities. While these ...
Non-Perturbative Renormalization in the Yukawa Model In Two Dimensions

For any genuine renormalizer the two-dimensional Yukawa (Y2) model must look very trivial, since its only primitively divergent diagram is Open image in new window , leading to an infinite boson mass renormalization. But if we want to go beyond perturbation theoretic methods, we have to be very modest, at least for the time being. After two-dimensional polynomially self-interacting fields (which have no ultraviolet divergences) have been treated successfully by the constructive field theorists (to mention just a few significant names: Glimm, Jaffe, Spencer, Nelson, Guerra, Rosen, and Simon - consult the 1973 Erice notes for more information [VW]) the next model in line is Y2, the “first“ one to require some real renormalization. The next step after that,o 3 4 which is even more singular, will be discussed by J. Feldman. The major complication in Y2, and at the same time the reason why it can be handled, as we shall see later, is the appearance of fermions.
The Social Psychology of Inequality at Work: Individual, Group, and Organizational Dimensions

We address both the macro and the micro levels that affect inequality among workers. At the macro level, we consider class, racial/ethnic, and gender inequality, job segregation, anti-discrimination legislation, affirmative action, and differences in authority. We also consider differential access to the power and resources that enable some workers to better position themselves for both skill development and rewards. In this regard, we discuss social capital and opportunity hoarding. At the micro level, we discuss several key theories that have been used to explain intergroup inequality, including status construction theory, social identity theory, social dominance theory, and a relational view of group inequality. We close this section by highlighting the challenges these processes create for low status workers, especially in the context of long term inequality. We further explore the psychological challenges for working class and low status workers by reviewing the literature on alienation. We also discuss the extensive literature on workers’ attitudes and inequality, including life satisfaction and happiness, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Finally, we address the effects of under employment and unemployment. This chapter brings a critical lens to the study of the social psychology of inequality among workers.
Article 2: Comparability of mayo-portland adaptability inventory ratings by staff, significant others, and people with acquired brain injury 1

Abstract Objective: To determine the internal consistency, reliability, and comparability of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI-4) and subscales completed independently by people with acquired brain injury, family and significant others, and rehabilitation staff. Design: Rater agreement for MPAI-4 protocols was evaluated and data were submitted to Rasch facets analysis to determine the internal consistency for each rater group and for a composite measure based on all rater groups. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation. Participants: 134 people with acquired brain injury consecutively seen for outpatient rehabilitation evaluation, significant others, and staff. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure: MPAI-4 and subscales (ability, adjustment, and participation indices). Results: Rasch indicators of internal consistency were entirely within acceptable limits for 3-rater composite full scale and subscale measures, and generally within acceptable limits for measures for single rater groups. Item agreement was generally acceptable; disagreements suggested varying perspectives and sources of bias for specific rater groups. Conclusions: The MPAI-4 possesses satisfactory internal consistency regardless of rating source. For research and program evaluation, the composite measure provides a method to synthesize multiple perspectives on current status. In clinical settings, assessment of varying these perspectives during initial evaluation is helpful in developing effective rehabilitation plans.
Creep of cellulose acetate in water: I: Empirical stress and temperature reduction of data

The creep of cellulose acetate in water exhibits a highly nonlinear behavior which is characterized by an instantaneousHookian response and a slow power law deformation followed by a non-recoverable yielding. Empirical data reduction techniques were successfully employed to obtain stress independent and nearly temperature independent master curves. The effects of stress and temperature on the deformation processes were seen to be essentially identical and to possess the dual effects of shifting the response times along the logarithmic time axis and expansion or compression of the time scale by a power function. Experiments indicate that the creep of “dry” (50% R.H.) cellulose acetate does not exhibit the strong nonlinear behavior observed in the wet for the same stress and time ranges. The partially crystalline nature and multiple transitions which cellulose acetate is known to undergo are believed to be responsible for the complex viscoelastic behavior which has been observed.
Drug Induced Alterations in Brain Biosynthetic Enzyme Activity--A Model for Adaptation to the Environment by the Central Nervous System

Neurochemistry in a way similar to other areas of biochemistry has come to the time in its history in which the simple outlining of metabolic paths has for the most part been completed. Enzymology in the classical sense (elucidation of kinetics, co-factor requirements, and characteristics of more or less purified enzymes) has been superceded by a concern for how such complex and interrelated activities are regulated. Regulation would seem to be of utmost importance in understanding the brain, which on one hand must be exquisitely sensitive to subtle environmental alterations and at the same time cannot allow itself to move too far away from a homeostatic or compensated state. It would seem more specifically that the brain, involved principally with information processing, must be able to regulate the rate of biosynthesis and degradation of intercellular messengers. Several metabolic systems can be considered to belong to this class of messengers.
Distributed Spacecraft Missions (DSM) Technology Development at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

For the last 5 years, NASA Goddard has been investigating Distributed Spacecraft Missions (DSM) system architectures, surveying past, current and potential mission concepts, developing several taxonomies and identifying some key technologies that will enable future DSM mission design, development, operations and management. This paper summarizes this Initiative and the talk will provide details about specific Goddard DSM projects that are currently underway and that are relevant to future Earth Science missions.
A Taste of Ethnography

Ethnography as a field should bring one face to face with one’s self or selves. When speaking to graduate students about my work, I have been oblique and offered many versions or portraits of my work. That is, if there is real portrait of a person’s work that is consequential for more than a brief time, it is rare, and this portrait is the only possible portrait. It’s perhaps more than the blink of an eye, but substantially less. All of one’s work, its reputation, the view of the audience. Who knows what might be said of one’s work: it is merely a result of who casts an eye on it, when, and where. It is not quite true, as they say in Hollywood, that every knock is a boost. Careers often are shooting stars: that which counts early, little statistical essays based on secondary data, empty and atheoretical, do not stand the test of time. Fame leaks out of books. The issues chosen for fieldwork are often not really chosen, while others are stumbled upon or not chosen to one’s dismay. Somehow, evidence of careers is cast “rationally,” in spite of the obvious facts that no one can predict the future, let alone tomorrow. Will it rain? Will I be happy? Que sera, sera. The cloud of the future is one reason why evening prayers are still regarded as efficacious. Autobiographies drip with the details of mistakes, missteps, falls, tumbles, disgrace, and even failures. In other words, a career has many facets, most of which are unknown and unrevealed; thus every memoir or reflection is only partial. “Pick yourself up…” is a useful song. Memoirs and other reflections are reflexive, after all—what is written is what one wants the imagined other, the audience, to read. Modern order is not that of the preliterate. Graham Greene, one of my literary heroes, kept two diaries, one for his biographer and one for himself. I suspect there was a third, one revealed in a book he wrote late in life about his dreams. Reflections are designed chronologically as if life was lived that way. Life of course is lived forward and understood backward as if it has been written.
In the Name of (Pedagogical) Love: A Conceptual Framework for Transformative Teaching Grounded in Critical Youth Research.

This article draws from the authors’ inquiry into their experiences in an intergenerational research project—an afterschool youth participatory action research seminar in which youth, preservice teachers, scholars, and teaching artists collaborate on action research. Building on a semester-long examination of the second author’s experiences in both the critical research seminar and during her student teaching semester, the authors draw upon their analysis to propose a conceptual framework that outlines the ways in which a pedagogy of love can foster transformative teaching and learning in classrooms and beyond.
Drug Metabolism Handbook: Concepts and Applications

Edited by Ala F. Nassar, Ph.D., Paul F. Hollenberg, Ph.D., and Joann Scatina, Ph.D. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, 2009. 1064 p. Price $175.00. Each chapter in this book is written by worldwide leading experts in the field of drug metabolism research. This
Health behavior knowledge among Hispanic California islanders: Evaluation of a parental educational intervention.

Purpose To evaluate the impact of a school nurse-led pilot parent-focused education program for healthy eating and physical activity to reduce childhood obesity. Design and methods A quasi-experimental intervention design was used to assess the knowledge of 11 Hispanic mothers regarding healthy food choices and physical activity over a period of 1 year. Results There was an improvement in parental knowledge domains. Children's body mass index (BMI) stabilized at the 1-year follow-up in the intervention group, while the BMI increased in the nonintervention group. Outcomes included improvement in parental health knowledge and children's BMI. Practice implications Pediatric and school nurses have a powerful role in preventive education. Knowledge gained by identifying the benefits of healthy food choices and physical activity for Hispanic mothers of obese children can be transformed into lifestyle changes for their children's weight control that begins in the home.
Debunking arguments and metaphysical laws

I argue that one’s views about which “metaphysical laws” obtain—including laws about what is identical with what, about what is reducible to what, and about what grounds what—can be used to deflect or neutralize the threat posed by a debunking explanation. I use a well-known debunking argument in the metaphysics of material objects as a case study. Then, after defending the proposed strategy from the charge of question-begging, I close by showing how the proposed strategy can be used by certain moral realists to resist the evolutionary debunking arguments.
Narrative identity, rationality, and microdosing classic psychedelics

Abstract Background Microdosing involves ingesting a small dose of a classic psychedelic (e.g., LSD and psilocybin) at regular intervals for prolonged periods. The practice is said to reduce anxiety, improve mood, and offer several creative and practical benefits to users. Using the narrative identity theoretical framework, our aim was to explore the experiences of those who microdosed classic psychedelics. Specifically, we sought to understand how and why they began microdosing and how they made sense of their actions in the context of their conventional lives. Methods To understand the experiences of those who microdose classic psychedelics, we rely on data collected from semi-structured interviews with 30 people who had microdosed. Results Participants saw themselves as conventional citizens who microdosed for rational and instrumental purposes. They emphasized the rationality of microdosing by discussing (1) the practicality of their procurement and administration processes, (2) the connection between their microdosing practice and their general awareness in health and wellness, and (3) the benefits of the practice. Conclusion Participants described their microdosing in the context of embracing traditional middle-class values. This created social distance between themselves and those who use drugs recreationally. While people who use drugs recreationally typically construct boundaries by distancing themselves from symbolic others (i.e., “crackheads,” “meth heads,” “junkies”), microdosers constructed boundaries by emphasizing connections to conventional citizens who embrace middle-class values. This connection to conventional citizens allows them to normalize their drug use and facilitates persistence.
Mixed Valent Rhodates

Exploratory synthesis of mixed oxides of rhodium has produced many new rhodates containing both Rh3+ and Rh4+. The structures of all the compounds are based on networks formed from RhO6 octahedra sharing both corners and edges. All compounds exhibit good electrical conductivity, and some also show a high thermopower.
Abstract #1188: KISS1 metastasis suppression may be partially due to modulation of Wnt signaling through SNAIL

Melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer, largely because of its predilection for metastasis. KISS1 is a metastasis suppressor that minimally affects primary tumor growth, but inhibits cells that have disseminated from proliferating and colonizing secondary sites by maintaining them in state of dormancy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which KISS1 accomplishes this are not known. We hypothesized that KISS1 alters expression of genes that affect migration, invasion and dormancy by affecting transcription factor. Re-expression of KISS1 in C8161.9 human melanoma cells did not alter TWIST expression, but there was a dramatic (80%) decrease in SNAIL expression. Concomitant with decreased SNAIL were decreased expression of downstream pro-angiogenic cytokine IL-8 and VEGF, decreased phosphorylation of upstream signaling molecules GSK3beta and beta-catenin, which are both components of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. There was no change in the expression of Wnt5a, which is part of the non-canonical Wnt pathway. These results suggest that the metastasis inhibition involves alterations in signaling through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In contrast, C8161.9 cells expressing a mutant KISS1 which lacks the secretion signal (does not suppress metastasis) exhibited no changes in SNAIL expression, IL-8, VEGF, phospho-GSK3beta or phospho-beta-catenin. Taken together, these data suggest that KISS1 exerts some of its anti-metastatic effects, in part, by modulation of SNAIL signaling through the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Support: CA87728 and National Foundation for Cancer Research Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1188.
Reflections on Representing Incarcerated People with Disabilities: Ableism in Prison Reform Litigation

Over the last five decades, advocates have fought for and secured constitutional prohibitions challenging solitary confinement, including ending the placement and prolonged isolation of individuals with psychiatric disabilities in solitary confinement. Yet, despite the valiant efforts of this courageous movement to protect the rights of incarcerated people with disabilities through litigation, the legal regime protecting these rights reflects a troubling paradigm: ableism. Ableism is a complex system of cultural, political, economic, and social practices that facilitate, construct, or reinforce the subordination of people with disabilities in a given society. In this Essay I argue that current Eighth Amendment jurisprudence in prison conditions of confinement cases in some ways requires lawyers to engage in ableism to protect their clients from harsh and inhumane treatment. The complexity of this arrangement — as between protecting and expanding the rights of people with disabilities and reinforcing practices that facilitate their exclusion and subordination — is both a cause and effect of ableism, particularly in the area of Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. Though entrenched in our legal institutions, the overrepresentation of people with disabilities in the criminal legal system calls for a new approach to the representation of these individuals. Toward that end, this Essay proposes a series of interventions in both law and professional practice to reduce the reliance on, and effect of, ableism in representing people with disabilities in the prison reform litigation.
Mortality Rate and Causes of Death Among Refugees Resettled in Washington State, 2006–2016

Cause of death among refugees resettled in the United States is not well documented. This evaluation determined cause of death among refugees who resettled to and died in Washington State. Records of refugees who arrived in Washington State from 2006 to 2016 were linked to state death records for the same period. Rates and proportions of death were calculated and compared to those for all Washingtonians. From 2006 to 2016, 171 of 30,243 refugees (0.6%) resettled to and died in Washington. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality rate was 3.93 (95% CI 3.12–4.75) per 1000 refugees, compared to 6.98 (95% CI 6.96–7.00) per 1000 Washingtonians. Malignant neoplasms and heart disease were the leading causes of death for both refugees and Washingtonians. Determining cause of death among refugee populations can identify emerging trends in mortality. This information can be used to help inform disease and injury prevention interventions for refugee communities.
Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Patient Neuropsychological and Cognitive Data and Machine Learning Techniques

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. With no known cures, there is a pressing need to find behavioral tasks and biomarkers that can accurately assess and/or predict disease progression in asymptotic patients, as treatment is likely to be most effective at an early stage of AD. On the other hand, artificial intelligence systems are powerful and critical tools to support early detection and diagnosis, treatment, as well as outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation in healthcare. In this study, standard neuropsychological tests and a simple 5.5-minute cognitive task were administered to patients with mild AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (AD group, n=28) and cognitively normal older adults (Control group, n=50). Patients with mild AD or MCI were collapsed together as the AD group. Four different machine learning algorithms were applied to classify patients from healthy controls using the data collected from neuropsychological tests, or the cognitive task, or both. The results of the study revealed that machine learning technique has the potential to assist AD diagnosis using the neuropsychological data, and when combining the neuropsychological and cognitive data, the classification accuracy can be further improved.
APDS Presidential Address

My goal today is to make an argument that the APDS: is at a crossroads because of unprecedented changes; is in a great position to succeed; seeing the need for change we should nevertheless act consistent with our longstated principles/goals as we negotiate this new path we need to be resolute, bold and brave; the path I hope to convince you of, and which is the subject of this talk, is EQIP (Educational Quality Improvement Project). We humans are in a time of cataclysmic change that rivals fire, the wheel, and the printing press. This change, the digitization of data, allows the collection of vast troves of data that allows healthcare system consolidation, more and more physician oversight, and the subsequent demand for business-like efficiency in the healthcare space. Dramatic changes like this creates collateral damage and can be frustrating for those that live through it. If the APDS is doing its job, we should be able to help Program Directors with these frustrations. The purposes of the APDS since its inception in 1977 is to: provide a forum for the exchange of information related to postgraduate surgical education; maintain high standards of surgical residency training; provide advice, assistance, and support to program directors; encourage research into all aspects of the education and training of surgeons; and represent the interests of program to other organizations. As we look to the future, I think 2 of these purposes should be paramount—research and advocacy. Research and advocacy are the cornerstones of EQIP. Research and advocacy can be linked by one word—truth. We need to seek the truth. We seek truth by collecting and analyzing data. We cannot hide from it, no matter where it leads us. We cannot shy away from the complexity of the search for truth no matter how difficult the process may be. EQIP is a continuous learning quality improvement program run by program directors for program directors to allow for data-driven innovation in surgical education and to allow data-informed conversations about the future of general surgery. EQIP will have a data gathering interface, a data repository and will have data analytics capability and data reporting platform. We are about to begin a 2-year proof of concept journey. So, in this time of great change and momentous challenge why should the APDS answer the bell? We should answer the bell for 4 reasons. We should answer the bell because engagement is a tool of resiliency, engagement solves frustration, and engagement is an antidote to burn-out. We should answer the bell because it gives us a chance to dramatically improve surgical education. We should answer the bell because we are in a great position to do this heavy lift. We should answer the bell because engagement is fun.
Vibrator Nation: How Feminist Sex-Toy Stores Changed the Business of Pleasure

Vibrator Nation: How Feminist Sex-Toy Stores Changed the Business of Pleasure chronicles the great change second-wave feminism brought to the sex-toy industry. Dr. Lynn Comella brings her vast expe...
Severity of diagnosis among patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department after calling a nurse line.

Abstract Background and objectives A Nurse Line (NL) is a resource that is commonly used by patients and hospitals to assist in the triage of patient medical complaints. We sought to determine whether patients with chief complaint of chest pain who presented to the ED after calling a NL were different from patients who presented directly to the ED. The primary aim was to test for differences in the severity of the causes of chest pain between the two groups. Methods This was a retrospective case-control chart review study. Data collected included demographic data, comorbidities, ED orders, ED interventions, patient primary diagnosis and disposition. Results 350 patients were included in the analysis: 175 patients called the NL and 175 age/sex matched patients did not call the NL. The mean age was 58.3 (SD 16.4; range 19.1–93.3) and 53.7% of patients were female. Race was similar between the groups. Patients were more likely to go directly to the ED without calling a NL if they had comorbidities. Among the total cohort, 36 patients were deemed to have a serious diagnosis related to the pain; this did not differ between groups (16 NL, 20 non-NL; OR = 1.11 95%CI 0.55–2.23). There were no differences of ED work-up or hospital admission (50 NL, 67 non-NL; OR = 0.85 95%CI 0.51–1.42) between the groups. Conclusion NL call was not associated with differences in severity of diagnosis, work-up, hospital admission or patient demographics. Patients who presented to the ED with chest pain without calling a NL had more comorbidities.
A Novel 2-Bit Graphene Reconfigurable Reflectarray

We present a novel 2-bit graphene-controlled reconfigurable antenna design for large-scale, millimeter-wave/terahertz reflective surfaces. Using previously characterized graphene sheet resistances, in the millimeter-wave bands, the proposed 2-bit configuration can be used for reconfigurable reflective surfaces, while reducing the quantization lobes compared to 1-bit designs with a small increase in the complexity and losses. As such, we place two, single-bit, graphene phase shifters on each differential node of a patch antenna, achieving lower insertion losses and 2-bit phase control on the reflected waves. Herein, we present the theoretical models of the proposed designs alongside full-wave simulations of a 275 GHz linear array.