cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methods for Reducing Line Frequency Interference in EEG Recordings

Line-frequency interference in EEG records is often caused by electrostatic or electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the subject. This paper describes antennas and procedures which allow such fields to be measured and their sources determined, thus facilitating removal of the sources.
Wal‐Mart and County‐Wide Poverty*

Objectives. This study seeks to identify the independent effect of Wal-Mart stores on changes in U.S. family-poverty rates at the county level. We draw on the contributions of a number of disciplines to enhance our understanding of the broader forces that influence poverty. Methods. A key innovation is that we estimate a two-stage regression model, in which an instrument is created for new Wal-Mart stores from a location equation; this reduces any potential endogeneity bias in the poverty-change equation. In addition, we use spatial econometric methods to correct for spatial dependence bias. Results. After controlling for other factors determining changes in the poverty rate over time, we find that counties with more initial (1987) Wal-Mart stores and counties with more additions of stores between 1987 and 1998 experienced greater increases (or smaller decreases) in family-poverty rates during the 1990s economic boom period. Conclusions. Wal-Mart creates both benefits and costs to communities in which the chain locates. These benefits and costs need to be weighed carefully by community decisionmakers in deciding whether to provide public subsidies to the chain. Local leaders and academic researchers are increasingly interested in the community-level effects of ‘‘big box’’ retailers and discount department stores. Wal-Mart, in particular, has received considerable and mostly negative public media and congressional attention, in addition to spawning a number of hostile websites. 1 The interest in Wal-Mart is not surprising as it
Trailing Vortex Formation by Lifting-Line Field Induction and Centrifugal Stability Analyses

Analyses of Wake Vortex formation and downstream development have been conducted, using mutual field induction calculations of the shed vorticity sheet. In order to illustrate and compare the formation and downstream development of wingtip vortices, the analyses were conducted for two widely-different cases of spanwise distribution of bound-vorticity. Termed inboard and outboard distributions, the loadings were nearly triangular and rectangular, respectively. For development analysis, Biot-Savart field calculations were conducted for the induced velocity field, and hence displacement of the elements of the shed vorticity sheet. Although an induced field calculation does not represent all fluid-element forces (in particular, the expansion pressure field) and thus, might over-estimate core radius for example), the comparative calculations provided results of interest, regarding the properties of developed wingtip vortices, such as core radius, span location, core asymmetry and peak velocity location. Following this and with reference to the NRC flight measurements of small, intense vortex elements with peaks greater than potential vortex peaks, centrifugal stability analysis is conducted, using a number of models: (1) the developed vortices for the outboard loading case were stimulated with, and released from, radial forcing; (2) a physical model of the centrifugal balance between inertia and pressure forces was examined by time-wise solution of the equations of elemental equations of motion, and (3) the Euler equations in axisymmetric, cylindrical coordinate form were numerically, spatiotemporally solved for excess-velocity vortex profiles. An example of resultant radial flow behaviour is compared to flight data.
Carbon dioxide kinetics and capnography during critical care

Greater understanding of the pathophysiology of carbon dioxide kinetics during steady and nonsteady state should improve, we believe, clinical care during intensive care treatment. Capnography and the measurement of end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) will gradually be augmented by relatively new measurement methodology, including the volume of carbon dioxide exhaled per breath (VCO2,br) and average alveolar expired PCO2 (PǢCO2). Future directions include the study of oxygen kinetics.
SXLSQA, A Computer Program for Including Both Complex Formation and Activity Effects in the Interpretation of Solvent Extraction Data

Abstract A previously reported computer program for the interpretation of solvent extraction data in systems that can include two extractants, one acidic and one neutral, has been extended to treat the effects of: (1) variation of activity coefficients of solute species and of water activity in the aqueous phase, calculated by the Pitzer treatment; (2) variation of activity coefficients of solute species in the organic phase, calculated by the Hildebrand-Scott treatment; and (3) product species formed in the aqueous phase. The interaction parameters of the Pitzer treatment and the solubility parameters of the Hildebrand-Scott treatment can be refined along with the formation constants of various assumed product species to fit the data. Like its predecessor, the program is capable of fitting simultaneously a variety of data, including the distribution of an extractable cation, anion, or water, as well as spectra, vapor pressure, or heats of mixing for the organic phase. Use of the program is illustrated by...
Effects of coupled pacing on cardiac performance during acute atrial tachycardia and fibrillation: an old therapy revisited for a new reason

Atrial tachycardia (AT) and fibrillation (AF) result in rapid ventricular rates that are detrimental to optimal cardiac function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the application ...
Development of a Robotic Helicopter for Monitoring Pollution and Habitat in Estuaries

This paper describes the development of an robotic helicopter for monitoring pollution and habitat in natural reserves. The particular environment under investigation is Tijuana River Estuary (TRE) south of the city of San Diego on the US-Mexico border. The ecology of TRE is briefly reviewed and the motivation for using an robotic helicopter is discussed. Next the application of aerial imaging to natural reserves is mentioned. An overview of the helicopter and its autonomy is given. The autonomous flight and capturing of images tagged with GPS and attitude are described. A method is presented to correct (rectify) aerial images that are distorted due to helicopter rolling and pitching leading to non-vertical photography. Flight test results are also provided.
Blastomyces dermatitidis septins CDC3, CDC10, and CDC12 impact the morphology of yeast and hyphae, but are not required for the phase transition

Blastomyces dermatitidis, the etiologic agent of blastomycosis, belongs to a group of thermally dimorphic fungi that change between mold (22°C) and yeast (37°C) in response to temperature. The contribution of structural proteins such as septins to this phase transition in these fungi remains poorly understood. Septins are GTPases that serve as a scaffold for proteins involved with cytokinesis, cell polarity, and cell morphology. In this study, we use a GFP sentinel RNA interference system to investigate the impact of CDC3, CDC10, CDC12, and ASPE on the morphology and phase transition of B. dermatitidis. Targeting CDC3, CDC10, and CDC12 by RNA interference resulted in yeast with aberrant morphology at 37°C with defects in cytokinesis. Downshifting the temperature to 22°C promoted the conversion to the mold phase, but did not abrogate the morphologic defects. CDC3, CDC10, and CDC12 knockdown strains grew as mold with curved, thickened hyphae. Knocking down ASPE transcript did not alter morphology of yeast a...
RandomCast: An Energy-Efficient Communication Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), every node overhears every data transmission occurring in its vicinity and thus, consumes energy unnecessarily. However, since some MANET routing protocols such as dynamic source routing (DSR) collect route information via overhearing, they would suffer if they are used in combination with 802.11 PSM. Allowing no overhearing may critically deteriorate the performance of the underlying routing protocol, while unconditional overhearing may offset the advantage of using PSM. This paper proposes a new communication mechanism, called RandomCast, via which a sender can specify the desired level of overhearing, making a prudent balance between energy and routing performance. In addition, it reduces redundant rebroadcasts for a broadcast packet, and thus, saves more energy. Extensive simulation using NS-2 shows that RandomCast is highly energy-efficient compared to conventional 802.11 as well as 802.11 PSM-based schemes, in terms of total energy consumption, energy goodput, and energy balance.
Trauma Counseling and Interventions: Introduction to the Special Issue

This introduction to the special issue on trauma counseling and interventions describes the historical and current contexts of trauma counseling scholarship and practice. It also points to the new directions that the articles in this special issue exemplify, including a perspective that attends to the complex, multifaceted, and contextually situated ways in which individuals, families, and communities experience trauma, as well as the processes of growth and resilience.
Sampled-Data Backstepping Control of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Sampled-data backstepping control of a quadrotor UAV is presented in this paper. The discrete time controllers have been designed on the basis of a continuous time system model and an approximate discrete time equivalent system model (Euler Approximate model) obtained using the Euler method. The performance of the controllers obtained using the two sampled-data approaches has been compared in the presence of wing gusts and modeling uncertainties. Simulations have revealed that the backstepping controller designed on the basis of an approximate discrete time model has better performance in the presence of wind gusts and modeling uncertainties. In addition, the closed loop system has a larger region of attraction.
Extremely premature birth and the choice of neonatal intensive care versus palliative comfort care: an 18-year single-center experience.

Extremely premature birth and the choice of neonatal intensive care versus palliative comfort care: an 18-year single-center experience
Principles of appendage design in robots and animals determining terradynamic performance on flowable ground

Natural substrates like sand, soil, leaf litter and snow vary widely in penetration resistance. To search for principles of appendage design in robots and animals that permit high performance on such flowable ground, we developed a ground control technique by which the penetration resistance of a dry granular substrate could be widely and rapidly varied. The approach was embodied in a device consisting of an air fluidized bed trackway in which a gentle upward flow of air through the granular material resulted in a decreased penetration resistance. As the volumetric air flow, Q, increased to the fluidization transition, the penetration resistance decreased to zero. Using a bio-inspired hexapedal robot as a physical model, we systematically studied how locomotor performance (average forward speed, v(x)) varied with ground penetration resistance and robot leg frequency. Average robot speed decreased with increasing Q, and decreased more rapidly for increasing leg frequency, ω. A universal scaling model revealed that the leg penetration ratio (foot pressure relative to penetration force per unit area per depth and leg length) determined v(x) for all ground penetration resistances and robot leg frequencies. To extend our result to include continuous variation of locomotor foot pressure, we used a resistive force theory based terradynamic approach to perform numerical simulations. The terradynamic model successfully predicted locomotor performance for low resistance granular states. Despite variation in morphology and gait, the performance of running lizards, geckos and crabs on flowable ground was also influenced by the leg penetration ratio. In summary, appendage designs which reduce foot pressure can passively maintain minimal leg penetration ratio as the ground weakens, and consequently permits maintenance of effective locomotion over a range of terradynamically challenging surfaces.
Austrobatrachus iselesele, a new toadfish species from South Africa (Teleostei: Batrachoididae)

The second known species in the genus Austrobatrachus is described from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Its live color-ation is very different from the other known species, A. foedus, having many black spots on the body and solid colored fins. It also has a longer snout and larger eye. The species lives in holes in the reef at depths of 49–50 m.
Educational portal white paper

This white paper conceptualizes and discusses the design and application of a super web portal for state or nationwide educational applications. The term "Educational Portal" refers to a web gateway environment that allows users with varied educational interests to access educational resources and information. The Educational Portal provides a collaborative environment where educators can find peers who share educational knowledge and creativity. It is also a "profile-based" web environment portal that can be totally personalized according to each user's needs and interests, providing each user with specialized "MyPortal" functionality.Many educational institutions are currently in the process of offering Web-based portals to their instructors and students. This might include services like course portal, library portal and campus portal. However, each of these portals offers services available within the institution only to the members of that institution. For instance, each portal can offer authenticated student and faculty access to courses, library materials and Student lnformation Systems in an institution. But there is no direct sharing of knowledge or resources between and among the members of various educational institutions.It now appears necessary to offer a state or nationwide single front door portal gateway where any and all learners, regardless of institutional affiliation, can gain access to educational and training information. It will provide an opportunity for educators and trainers to share resources, and information and to collaborate on the development, evaluation and sharing of educational modules. For instance, the gateway will include a portal environment where a teacher can share the use of a personally developed e-Learning module with other teachers in the same field and class rank at other schools, or with students and others who wish to use it in their learning environment.
Basement Membranes and Retinal Neovascularization

Basement membrane abnormalities, including thickening, multilamination, vacuolization, and the inclusion of bundles of fibrillar collagen within the normally homogeneous basement membrane structure, have been recognized in diabetic subjects for many years (1–4). These abnormalities involve basement membranes in a variety of locations, including both vascular and non-vascular tissues. However, the major interest in the pathophysiology of basement membranes in diabetes to date has been to discover their role in diabetic microangiopathy. One of the initial hypotheses in this regard was that abnormalities of the basement membranes of the diabetic renal glomerulus led to disturbances of glomerular filtration in the early stages of diabetic nephropathy (5). More recently, investigators in this field have placed greater emphasis on the role of the glomerular mesangial cell in this disorder (6). Since basement membranes appear to function normally only as rather coarse filters, it would seem that disturbances in their filtration property would have at best only a relatively minor effect on diabetic microangiopathy in most tissues.
Laboratory Insecticide Tests Against the Fall Webworm

Microbial and chemical insecticides were tested as sprays on Hyphantria cunea (Drury). Zectran® (4-dimethyl-amino-3,5-7-ylyl methylcarbamate), pyrethrins, and DDT were significantly more effective than 4 other compounds when applied directly to the larvae. Gardona® (2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-tridllorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) was moderately toxic. Mortality from malathion, dimethoate, and carbonyl was no different from that in the checks. Significantly higher kill was obtained with Herbicide® 90 TS ( Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) and DDT than with Biotrol®25-w ( B. thuringiensis ) and carbaryl in residual tests where insecticides were sprayed on foliage.
Inactive mutants of human pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate oxidase: a possible role for a noncatalytic pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate tight binding site

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a cofactor for many vitamin B6-requiring enzymes that are important for the synthesis of neurotransmitters. Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) is one of two enzymes that produce PLP. Some 16 known mutations in human PNPO (hPNPO), including R95C and R229W, lead to deficiency of PLP in the cell and have been shown to cause neonatal epileptic encephalopathy (NEE). This disorder has no effective treatment, and is often fatal unless treated with PLP. In this study, we show that R95C hPNPO exhibits a 15-fold reduction in affinity for the FMN cofactor, a 71-fold decrease in affinity for the substrate PNP, a 4.9-fold decrease in specific activity, and a 343-fold reduction in catalytic activity, compared to the wild-type enzyme. We have reported similar findings for R229W hPNPO. This report also shows that wild-type, R95C and R229W hPNPO bind PLP tightly at a noncatalytic site and transfer it to activate an apo-B6 enzyme into the catalytically active holo-form. We also show for the first time that hPNPO forms specific interactions with several B6 enzymes with dissociation constants ranging from 0.3 to 12.3 μm. Our results suggest a possible in vivo role for the tight binding of PLP in hPNPO, whether wild-type or variant, by protecting the very reactive PLP, and transferring this PLP directly to activate apo-B6 enzymes.
Differences in Perceived Impact of Person-Centered Technology on Older Adults' Quality of Life

In this paper, we present findings from a survey of technology needs and perceptions of older adults that differ in their life course and current level of care needs. By using a framework from the aging sciences that focuses on supporting abilities and caring relationships of older adults, we examine six technologies, ranging from health to communication and social to creative. Our findings indicated that, although similar in age, participants' needs varied in level of interest in technology to support biological needs to those of social and spiritual needs. This highlights a culture shift that should occur within the technology for aging sphere as well -- one that addresses varying needs based on life course and other 'person- centered' characteristics as opposed to simply age-based.
Critiquing the Cartel: Anti-Capitalism, Walter Rathenau and Gravity's Rainbow

Near the end of the seance held at Peter Sachsa's, in Part 1 of Gravity's Rainbow, the voice of Walter Rathenau poses a set of problems to his listeners: "'You must ask two questions. First, what is the real nature of synthesis? And then: what is the real nature of control?'" (167). This is, of course, one of those typical Pynchon passages that invite members of the critical cartel, the Pyndustry, to seize on them as keystones for critical reading. Paradoxically, this one is also particularly good for exploring a narrative effect I have called the reader trap. Reader traps are stylistic and thematic techniques that unsettle the readerly desire to construct an ordered cosmos within the fictional space of the text. Specifically, a reader trap is narrative information that either produces a moment of interpretive doubt for which there is no certain solution, or produces a false sense of certainty about events in the narrative universe. I have written elsewhere about how reader traps function in our reading of Tyrone Slothrop's map and of Bianca's characterization and textual disappearance. In these earlier cases, I was drawn to the problem of the reader trap by a sense that readers had often been too hasty in assigning definitive meanings to Slothrop's map and to Bianca. My focus in this essay is Walter Rathenau, the putative father of the cartel, the "They-system" that is clearly among the villains of the text; but in that role Rathenau also signifies a reader trap.
Stereotype Content Model, Causal Models, and Allegations of Age Discrimination: Should the Law Change?

In 2009, the Supreme Court decided, in Gross v. FBL, that the law governing age discrimination should be interpreted in a stricter manner than before. After Gross, age discrimination claims are tried under but for causality in which the plaintiff's age must be the direct cause of the adverse action, as opposed to mixed motive causality allowable under Title VII, in which age would only have to be a motivating factor. Previous research has shown that but for instructions lead to more pro-defendant verdicts, regardless of case strength, as compared to mixed motive instructions. This study reports on a simulated jury experiment that sought to uncover the influence of stereotypes concerning older workers on juror verdicts in an age discrimination case. Older worker stereotypes were assessed using the Stereotype Content Model's warmth and competence dimensions. In line with previous research, participants were more likely to find for the defendant under but for instructions, as compared to mixed motive. Further, mock jurors’ stereotypes predicted their verdicts, but only under the but for instructions, suggesting that jurors rely on stereotypes when they are limited in the case facts they can consider. Implications for policy changes and future research directions are discussed.
Intractable Hematuria and Formalin

Abstract Massive hematuria, which is most frequently caused by radiation for pelvic malignancies, after treatment with cyclophosphamide or secondary to aggressive anticoagulation, represents a vexing problem for the practicing urologist. The existence of numerous therapeutic approaches results from the lack of an effective therapeutic modality. Lately, formalin seems to offer a new hope for the treatment of intractable hematuria. Analysis of published results after treatment with formalin revealed generally excellent results regarding control of hematuria. Nevertheless, the complication rate of formalin application is surprisingly high, including vesicoureteral reflux and hydroureteronephrosis as local reactions and systemically tubular necrosis with anuria. Our series of patients is presented with a detailed description of a patient who was afflicted with a vesicovaginal fistula following formalin instillation. Formalin can serve as excellent therapy for massive hematuria. If attention is paid to the concentration and to the technical details of its instillation the noxious side effects can be minimized or prevented in the majority of cases.
Lipids in Gestational Diabetes: Abnormalities and Significance

Dyslipidemia in gestational diabetes (GDM) consists of an ∼50 mg/dL increase in triglyceride, an ∼4 mg/dL decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL), and generally lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by ∼30mg/dL, more small dense LDL, and greater susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Predictors of increased birth weight are the postprandial hyperglycemia of GDM and elevated triglyceride. Predictors of diminished birth weight are lower HDL, lower apo-A-I, higher apo A-II and increased oxidative stress, typified in pre-eclampsia. Birth weight in an individual GDM pregnancy is likely a function of these competing trends. A therapeutic approach to the management of GDM is needed for the hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, but also for the heightened oxidative stress which may be propagated by abnormalities of LDL and HDL function.
Mathematics (grades 7–12)

Publisher Summary his chapter provides an overview of how outstanding secondary mathematics classrooms work and how to encourage their development. It elaborates on how views of mathematics and constructivist theory relate to the reform movement and how all three combine to suggest specific instructional practices. Researchers give systematic care to both the gathering of individual facts and the building of understanding. Traditional philosophies of mathematics have in common a search for a foundation, on which mathematics can be built. Doing mathematics has been seen, on the one hand, as discovering the truths of an immutable, rational, and consistent mathematical reality “out there” somewhere. Formalism is often supported by an implicit theory of mathematics learning and it is called a monological view. This view suggests that gaining knowledge is essentially an individual activity, involving one's senses; interaction with others is not a necessary feature of learning. Constructivism in various forms has become what might be called the “state religion” of mathematics education. It would be very difficult to find a mathematics educator who did not claim to be a constructivist. The cautionary tales presented in this chapter point to one aspect of the complexity of change. Other problems might include lack of administrative support, incompatible teachers' beliefs, or parental expectations.
Historical trends in river-ice break-up: a review

Over most northern regions, break-up is primarily a spring event. Historical evidence, however, has shown that the timing of river-ice break-up has been shifting in many areas of the Northern Hemisphere and these shifts were associated with observed air temperatures during the break-up period. This paper reviews past trends in break-up from the Eurasian and North American circumpolar regions and synthesizes them into a regional and temporal context. It also evaluates various hydro-climatic explanations for these trends including associations with winter/spring air temperature variations and relationships to large-scale circulation patterns. Even more dramatic changes to break-up timing and magnitude are forecast to occur as the result of climate change. Insights toward future break-up conditions are discussed for two broad-scale regions: the North, a region forecast to experience the most pronounced warming, and the southern limit of the cold regions, a zone of particular cryospheric sensitivity to warming.
Identifying Spanish Language Competent Physicians: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).

Objectives: Language barriers negatively impact health care access and quality for US immigrants. Latinos are the second largest immigrant group and the largest, fastest growing minority. Health care systems need simple, low cost and accurate tools that they can use to identify physicians with Spanish language competence. We sought to address this need by validating a simple and low-cost tool already in use in a major health plan. Design, Setting, Participants: A web-based survey conducted in 2012 among physicians caring for patients in a large, integrated health care delivery system. Of the 2,198 survey respondents, 111 were used in ad­ditional analysis involving patient report of those physicians’ fluency. Main Outcome Measures: We compared health care physicians’ responses to a single item, Spanish language self-assessment tool (measuring “medical proficiency”) with patient-reported physician language competence, and two validated physician self-assessment tools (measuring “fluency” and “confidence”). Results: Concordance between medical proficiency was moderate with patient reports (weighted Kappa .45), substantial with fluency (weighted Kappa .76), and moderate-to-substantial with confidence (weighted Kappas .53 to .66). Conclusions: The single-question self-re­ported medical proficiency tool is a low-cost tool useful for quickly identifying Spanish competent physicians and is potentially suit­able for use in clinical settings. A reasonable approach for health systems is to designate only those physicians who self-assess their Spanish medical proficiency as “high” as competent to provide care without an interpreter. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(4):537-544; doi:10.18865/ed.26.4.537
Motivating Learners Through Information Literacy

This paper introduces a model for creating information literacy learning activities that motivate students. The model draws from informed learning, an approach to information literacy that emphasizes the role that information plays in fostering learning about a subject. Self-determination theory, a motivational theory that focuses on enabling self-determined learners, is applied within the informed learning framework. The results of the investigation outline characteristics of motivating learning activities that enable learning subject content through engagement with information. The model is intended to be used by librarians when working with classroom teachers to foster greater student learning gains through creative and reflective engagement with information.
The pediatric Rome IV criteria: what’s new?

Introduction: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in children of all ages and comprise of a wide range of conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be attrib...
Intra-articular implantation of collagen scaffold carriers is safe in both native and arthrofibrotic rabbit knee joints.

Objectives Sustained intra-articular delivery of pharmacological agents is an attractive modality but requires use of a safe carrier that would not induce cartilage damage or fibrosis. Collagen scaffolds are widely available and could be used intra-articularly, but no investigation has looked at the safety of collagen scaffolds within synovial joints. The aim of this study was to determine the safety of collagen scaffold implantation in a validated in vivo animal model of knee arthrofibrosis. Materials and Methods A total of 96 rabbits were randomly and equally assigned to four different groups: arthrotomy alone; arthrotomy and collagen scaffold placement; contracture surgery; and contracture surgery and collagen scaffold placement. Animals were killed in equal numbers at 72 hours, two weeks, eight weeks, and 24 weeks. Joint contracture was measured, and cartilage and synovial samples underwent histological analysis. Results Animals that underwent arthrotomy had equivalent joint contractures regardless of scaffold implantation (-13.9° versus -10.9°, equivalence limit 15°). Animals that underwent surgery to induce contracture did not demonstrate equivalent joint contractures with (41.8°) or without (53.9°) collagen scaffold implantation. Chondral damage occurred in similar rates with (11 of 48) and without (nine of 48) scaffold implantation. No significant difference in synovitis was noted between groups. Absorption of the collagen scaffold occurred within eight weeks in all animals Conclusion Our data suggest that intra-articular implantation of a collagen sponge does not induce synovitis or cartilage damage. Implantation in a native joint does not seem to induce contracture. Implantation of the collagen sponge in a rabbit knee model of contracture may decrease the severity of the contracture. Cite this article: J. A. Walker, T. J. Ewald, E. Lewallen, A. Van Wijnen, A. D. Hanssen, B. F. Morrey, M. E. Morrey, M. P. Abdel, J. Sanchez-Sotelo. Intra-articular implantation of collagen scaffold carriers is safe in both native and arthrofibrotic rabbit knee joints. Bone Joint Res 2016;6:162–171. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.63.BJR-2016-0193.
Acquired Angioedema: A Case of an Unexpected Death and Review of the Literature:

Angioedema is a rapid swelling of the deep layers of skin including dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosa. It results from rapid release of inflammatory mediators that increase the permeability of capillaries and venules through mechanisms involving mast cells or bradykinin. It can be classified as allergic, drug-induced, hereditary, acquired, and idiopathic.Acquired angioedema occurs when the C1 esterase inhibitor, which plays a role in down-regulating the complement system, is absent or defective. Diagnosis of this disorder should be considered in any patient presenting with episodes of swelling affecting cutaneous tissues and mucous membranes in or beyond the fourth decade of life, without a family history of angioedema. While the disorder can occur in isolation, the majority of patients have an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder or other malignancy.The clinical course of acquired angioedema is often unpredictable and attacks can range from minor swelling to unexpected death. The foll...
Comments at the Panel “Responders of First or Last Resort: Central Bank Strategies in an Era of Ultra-Low Interest Rates”

There is an emerging consensus among economists that the trend rate of economic growth in the U.S. is much lower now than in the past. In a lower-trend-growth regime, short-term equilibrium real interest rates are lower, all else being equal. In these circumstances monetary policymakers have less room to cut policy rates before hitting the zero lower bound and relying on unconventional policy tools to provide additional accommodation. Moreover, preserving the Fed’s credibility for providing sufficient accommodation to achieve our symmetric inflation objective and maximum employment remains an important consideration. Therefore, risk-management policies favor skewing policy today to lower the chances of facing more difficult zero-lower-bound outcomes in the future.
Navigating the Disability Determination Process from the Perspective of Incarcerated Adults with Serious Mental Illnesses

In the U.S. serious mental illness (SMI) is common in jails, which are often primary healthcare providers. Incarceration and healthcare are intertwined-lack of care access increases the risk of imprisonment which decreases care access. This case study explores a jail program which assists people with SMI with the disability determination process. Interviews with employees (n = 4) and clients (n = 25), and administrative data from jail databases on recidivism, benefit receipt, and demographics highlight the importance of reentry planning and access to resources in crime desistance, as well as how the program increased resource access, and provided feelings of hope and safety.
A compact high-power microwave metamaterial slow-wave structure: From computational design to hot test validation

There is considerable interest in exploiting metamaterials to engineer dispersion relations for new beam/wave interactions that are not possible using conventional all-metal periodic structures. In this paper, we describe the computational design, and both calculated and experimental cold and hot tests of a new high-power microwave slow wave structure at the University of New Mexico to generate a record 100 MW of power in L-band in a very compact size.
Analyzing Within‐County Hydrogeomorphological Characteristics as a Precursor to Phosphorus Index Modifications

Phosphorus (P) site assessment is used nationally and internationally to assess the vulnerability of agricultural fields to P loss and identify high-risk areas controlling watershed P export. Current efforts to update P site assessment tools must ensure that these tools are representative of the range of conditions to which they will be applied. We sought to identify key parameters available in public GIS data that are descriptive of potential source areas in Pennsylvania and that ensure that modifications of the P Index span all feasible parameter combinations. Relevant soil and topographic variables were compiled for Pennsylvania at 30-m resolution, and areas within 90 m of permanent streams were extracted. Within each county, -means and classification trees were used to identify and create classification rules for topoedaphic groups. Within counties, two to five groups adequately represented near-stream complexity, with available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity, and organic matter being the most important environmental variables. Discontinuities across soil survey boundaries made it impossible to develop clusterings beyond the county level. For county-scale research and management efforts, these groupings provide a manageable approach to identifying representative sites for near-stream agricultural lands. The full set of representative sites across the state enables evaluation of the P Index throughout the full hydrogeomorphic diversity of Pennsylvania. In future work, we can then combine a set of reasonable management practices with each of the main hydrogeomorphological regions resulting from this study and verify the revised P Index against expert knowledge and simulation results.
Morphometric Analysis of Two Enigmatic Sculpin Species, Cottus gulosus and Cottus perplexus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)

The freshwater sculpin species Cottus gulosus and Cottus perplexus present a challenge to biologists because of their overlapping sympatric distributions, morphological similarity, and historical inconsistency regarding species limits and ranges. We applied linear morphometric analyses in conjunction with meristic and discrete character counts to 1) assess the validity of previously cited diagnostic characters, 2) test multivariate combinations of characters to elucidate novel diagnostic characters useful in distinguishing the 2 species, and 3) apply these diagnostic characters to identify previously unidentified specimens obtained from Washington streams, where the 2 species occur in sympatry. Our analysis of 270 Cottus specimens encompassing the range of both species uncovered little support for the diagnostic utility of previously cited characters, although significant differences between mean measurements for each group were detected in the proportion of individuals with palatine teeth and a median chin pore, as well as in mean mouth-width to body-width ratio. Additionally, we were unable to detect linear transformations of continuous measurements that could be used to reliably identify individuals of these 2 species. These results prevented us from confidently identifying the unknown Washington specimens and illustrate that multi-locus phylogenetic studies are needed to assess species boundaries for these morphologically similar fishes.
Perturbation Theory for Stationary States: Stark Effect and Polarizability of Atoms

Only few models in quantum mechanics allow for an exact analytical solution. Most of the problems, which are relevant to the real-world situations and are important for understanding the fundamental nature of things or for applications, can only be solved using one or another type of approximation. In this chapter I will introduce a method designed for finding approximate solutions for eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a time-independent Hamiltonian with a discrete spectrum. This method works for Hamiltonians that can be written as a sum of two parts: the main or unperturbed Hamiltonian \(\hat {H}_{0}\), whose eigenvalues, \(E_{s}^{(0)}\), and eigenvectors, \(\left |s\right \rangle \), are presumed to be known, and a perturbation \(\epsilon \hat {V}\). Parameter 𝜖 that I pulled out of \(\hat {V}\) has a formal meaning of the strength of the perturbation, but this can be understood literally only in the sense that the perturbation vanishes when 𝜖 = 0. The actual parameter determining the strength of the perturbation emerges only post factum, after the problem is solved. I will mainly use 𝜖 as a technical bookkeeping device (you will know what it means when you see it) and set it equal to unity at the end. The index s appearing in the notation for the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors can be a composite index, consisting of several subindexes. For instance, if \(\hat {H}_{0}\) is the Hamiltonian of a hydrogen-like atom, then s contains principal, orbital, and magnetic numbers n, l, m. It is also presumed that the perturbation \(\hat {V}\) can be considered small in some yet undefined sense so that the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the total Hamiltonian
Ultra-high thermal effusivity materials for resonant ambient thermal energy harvesting.

Materials science has made progress in maximizing or minimizing the thermal conductivity of materials; however, the thermal effusivity—related to the product of conductivity and capacity—has received limited attention, despite its importance in the coupling of thermal energy to the environment. Herein, we design materials that maximize the thermal effusivity by impregnating copper and nickel foams with conformal, chemical-vapor-deposited graphene and octadecane as a phase change material. These materials are ideal for ambient energy harvesting in the form of what we call thermal resonators to generate persistent electrical power from thermal fluctuations over large ranges of frequencies. Theory and experiment demonstrate that the harvestable power for these devices is proportional to the thermal effusivity of the dominant thermal mass. To illustrate, we measure persistent energy harvesting from diurnal frequencies, extracting as high as 350 mV and 1.3 mW from approximately 10 °C diurnal temperature differences.
Testing Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

The administration of epinephrine has been part of the resuscitation of patients with cardiac arrest since the 1960s. The rationale for the use of epinephrine includes evidence from studies in animals and from clinical trials in humans that increasing vasomotor tone during circulatory collapse and chest compressions improves coronary perfusion pressure, shunts more blood to the heart, and increases the likelihood of restoring spontaneous circulation.1 However, epinephrine also decreases microvascular blood flow in some organs, increases cardiac dysrhythmias, and increases myocardial oxygen demand during critical ischemia.2 These deleterious effects can result in long-term organ dysfunction or hypoperfusion of the heart . . .
Plenty more room on the glass bottom: Surface functionalization and nanobiotechnology for cell isolation

Surface functionalization is a widely adopted technique for surface modification which allows researchers to customize surfaces to integrate with their research. Surface functionalization has been used recently to adapt surfaces to integrate with biological materials specifically to isolate cells or mimic biological tissues through cell patterning. Cell isolation and cell patterning both can be integrated with extant techniques or surfaces to customize the research to whatever needs to be tested. Substrates such as metals, biologically mimicking surfaces, environmental responsive surfaces, and even three-dimensional surfaces such as hydrogels have all been adapted to allow for functionalization for both patterning and isolation. In this review we have described both the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and the related chemistries to better understand these tools and how best to apply them in the hope that we can further expand upon the research in the field.
Adversarial Product Review Generation with Word Replacements

Machine learning algorithms including Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown great success in many different areas. However, they are frequently susceptible to adversarial examples, which are maliciously crafted inputs to fool machine learning classifiers. On the other hand, humans cannot distinguish between non-adversarial and adversarial inputs. In this work, we focus on creating adversarial examples to change the polarity of positive and negative reviews with Amazon product review dataset. We introduce a simple heuristics algorithm to construct adversarial product reviews by replacing words with semantically and synthetically similar synonyms. We evaluate our approach against the state-of-the-art CNN-BLSTM classifier. Our preliminary results show the performance drop of the classifier against the adversarial examples. We also present the defense mechanism using adversarial training.
Metaphysical and absolute possibility

It is widely alleged that metaphysical possibility is “absolute” possibility (Kripke in Naming and necessity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1980; Lewis in On the plurality of worlds, Blackwell, Oxford, 1986; van Inwagen in Philos Stud 92:68–84, 1997; Rosen, in: Gendler and Hawthorne (eds) Conceivability and possibility, Clarendon, Oxford, 2002, p 16; Stalnaker, in: Stalnaker (ed) Ways a world might be: metaphysical and anti-metaphysical essays, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003, pp 201–215; Williamson in Can J Philos 46:453–492, 2016). Kripke calls metaphysical necessity “necessity in the highest degree” (1980, p. 99). Van Inwagen claims that if P is metaphysically possible, then it is possible “tout court. Possible simpliciter. Possible period…. possib(le) without qualification (1997, p. 72).” And Stalnaker writes, “we can agree with Frank Jackson, David Chalmers, Saul Kripke, David Lewis, and most others who allow themselves to talk about possible worlds at all, that metaphysical necessity is necessity in the widest sense (2003, p. 203).” What exactly does the thesis that metaphysical possibility is absolute amount to? Is it true? In this article, I argue that, assuming that the thesis is not merely terminological, and lacking in any metaphysical interest, it is an article of faith. I conclude with the suggestion that metaphysical possibility may lack the metaphysical significance that is widely attributed to it.
A Wireless Digital Stethoscope Design

This paper presents a design and implementation of a digital stethoscope using a mobile device and wireless transmission. Our goal is to develop a smart digital stethoscope that adopts modern electronics and computing technologies to provide accurate information to assist cardiac auscultation. A signal conditioning circuit was designed to process an auscultation signal measured by a microphone. An Arduino processor board was used to convert the processed signal to a digital format. A Bluetooth module was employed to allow communication between the Arduino computer and an Android mobile phone. A mobile signal processing app was developed and implemented in Java. The current mobile app can store and retrieve uploaded heart sound signals for display; it also engages further analysis to identify the first and second heart sounds, and thus the systole and the diastole. The mobile app was implemented and validated using different clinical heart sound episodes.
Sex in Public

This Article recounts the first history of sex in public accommodations law—a history essential to debates that rage today over gender and sexuality in public. Just fifty years ago, not only LGBTQ people but also cisgender women were the subject of discrimination in public. Restaurants and bars displayed “men-only” signs. Women held secondary status in civic organizations, such as Rotary and Jaycees, and were excluded altogether from many professional bodies, such as press clubs. Sports—from the Little League to the golf club—kept girls and women from achieving athletic excellence. Financial institutions subsumed married women’s identities within those of their husbands. Over the course of the 1970s, the feminist movement protested and litigated against sex discrimination in public accommodations. They secured state laws opening up commerce and leisure for “full and equal enjoyment” by both sexes. When “sex” was added to state public accommodations laws, feminists, their opponents, and government actors understood sex equality in public to signify more than equal access to public spaces. It also implicated freedom from the regulation of sexuality and gender performance and held the potential to transform institutions central to dominant masculinity, like baseball fields and bathrooms. This history informs the interpretation of public accommodations laws in controversies from same-sex couples’ wedding cakes to transgender people’s restroom access.