cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Vascular Repair

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), present in the blood and bone marrow, represent a potential source of endothelial cells for repair of injured blood vessels, neovascularization, and tissue engineering. EPCs are present at low levels in peripheral blood, although their numbers increase in response to cytokines, VEGF, and statins. There are at least two types of EPCs characterized following in vitro culture: colony-forming unit ECs (CFU-ECs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). CFU-ECs appear early in culture, have limited ability to proliferate, and share markers for endothelial cells and monocytes. In contrast, ECFCs appear later in culture, grow rapidly, and to large numbers express only endothelial cell markers. This chapter examines the properties of these EPCs, in vitro and in vivo studies using these two cell types, and the potential of these EPCs for therapeutic applications.
Using Data Mining Techniques to Detect the Personality of Players in an Educational Game

One of the goals of Educational Data Mining is to develop the methods for student modeling based on educational data, such as; chat conversation, class discussion, etc. On the other hand, individual behavior and personality play a major role in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) and Educational Data Mining (EDM). Thus, to develop a user adaptable system, the student’s behaviors that occurring during interaction has huge impact EDM and ITS. In this chapter, we introduce a novel data mining techniques and natural language processing approaches for automated detection student’s personality and behaviors in an educational game (Land Science) where students act as interns in an urban planning firm and discuss in groups their ideas. In order to apply this framework, input excerpts must be classified into one of six possible personality classes. We applied this personality classification method using machine learning algorithms, such as: Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree.
Endoproteinase Activity of Type A Botulinum Neurotoxin: Substrate Requirements and Activation by Serum Albumin

Type A botulinum neurotoxin, a zinc-dependent endoproteinase that selectively cleaves the neuronal protein SNAP-25, can also cleave relatively short peptides. We found that bovine and other serum albumins stimulated the type A-catalyzed hydrolysis of synthetic peptide substrates, through a direct effect on the kinetic constants of the reaction. Furthermore, with bovine serum albumin in the assays, the optimum substrate size was 16 residues (11 on the amino-terminal side of the cleavage site and 5 on the carboxy-terminal side). To further investigate the catalytic requirements of the neurotoxin, peptides were synthesized with various amino acid substitutions at the P5 through P5′ substrate sites. Changes at all of these locations affected values for both kcat and Km. Substitutions at the P2, P1′, and P2′ sites had more pronounced effects on hydrolysis rates than did substitutions at the P1 site. Enzyme–substrate interactions at the P3′ threonine probably involved the side-chain methyl group rather than the hydroxyl group. Replacing the P2′ alanine with leucine eliminated detectable hydrolysis, but not binding, since this peptide was an inhibitor. A negatively charged residue was preferred at P5, but not at P4. The data indicate that type A botulinum neurotoxin has an extended substrate recognition region and a requirement for arginine as the P1′ residue.
Cryogenic Brine and Its Impact On Diagenesis of Glaciomarine Deposits, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Abstract Pervasive 18O-depleted carbonate cements in sediment cores acquired by the Cape Roberts Project (CRP) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, were previously attributed to mixing of glacial meltwater and seawater in the subsurface. However, a more recent discovery of 18O-depleted, connate brine formed by seawater freezing in a nearby sediment core (AND-2A core) called this interpretation into question. This core contains widespread carbonate cements in the glaciomarine sediments, which have been demonstrated to precipitate from the brine by conventional (δ18O) and clumped (Δ47) isotopic data. Building on findings from the AND-2A core, this study investigates the geochemical nature, origin, and distribution of diagenetic fluids, and re-evaluates their impact on diagenetic patterns in glaciomarine deposits of the composite Oligocene to lower Miocene succession from the CRP cores. Sandstones were characterized in the context of a well-established chronostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic framework by systematic point counting and modal analysis using optical microscopy. Diagenetic carbonate phases and mineralogies were assessed by cathodoluminescence microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Low-Mg calcite cement is the most widespread diagenetic phase and was selected for analyses of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. Similar to the AND-2A core, the cement increases in crystal size and decreases in δ18O value (–4.8 to –19.5‰ VPDB) with increasing depth to ∼ 700–800 m. These patterns indicate calcite precipitation from interstitial brine along local geothermal gradients. When considered in the context of Neogene climate, tectonic, and burial history, timing of calcite cementation is linked to a period of extensive formation of cryogenic brine during c. 13 to 10 Ma when the region transitioned into a cold, polar climate regime and McMurdo Sound was periodically glaciated by expanded, cold-based Antarctic ice sheets. Beyond McMurdo Sound, the propensity for formation of cryogenic brine exists in most glaciomarine settings. As such, the potential for diagenetic alteration by such fluids should be considered in studies of the deposits of ancient glaciated continental margins.
Which embolic protection device is ideal during carotid artery stenting

Embolic stroke is one of the main risks of carotid artery stenting. The EMBOLDEN trial demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the Gore® embolic filter. There is no clear evidence for the benefit of one filter-type over another. It is important to choose the device with which the interventionalist has significant familiarity.
Towards a neurobiology of female aggression

Although many people think of aggression as a negative or undesirable emotion, it is a normal part of many species' repertoire of social behaviors. Purposeful and controlled aggression can be adaptive in that it warns other individuals of perceived breaches in social contracts with the goal of dispersing conflict before it escalates into violence. Aggression becomes maladaptive, however, when it escalates inappropriately or impulsively into violence. Despite ample data demonstrating that impulsive aggression and violence occurs in both men and women, aggression has historically been considered a uniquely masculine trait. As a result, the vast majority of studies attempting to model social aggression in animals, particularly those aimed at understanding the neural underpinnings of aggression, have been conducted in male rodents. In this review, we summarize the state of the literature on the neurobiology of social aggression in female rodents, including social context, hormonal regulation and neural sites of aggression regulation. Our goal is to put historical research in the context of new research, emphasizing studies using ecologically valid methods and modern sophisticated techniques. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Current status of the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity'.
Case for Fast FPGA Compilation Using Partial Reconfiguration

Despite the FPGA's advantages over other hardware platforms, long compilation time prevents FPGA engineers from efficiently exploring the design space and discourages new users who want to quickly iterate for debugging. To reduce compilation time, this work adopts a divide-and-conquer approach using Partial Reconfiguration with a Packet-Switched Fat-Tree network. Partially reconfigured leaves in the packet-switched network are independent from each other and can be compiled separately in parallel. Also, when a minor fix is required to a bitstream, only the corresponding leaves need to be incrementally compiled. Preliminary experimental evidence from our work-in-progress effort illustrates how a 30 minute full-chip compile time can be reduced to 7 minutes.
A feasibility and safety study of vaccination with poly-ICLC and peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in patients with metastatic, locally advanced unresectable, or recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

e15254 Background: Survival for the pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) patients is poor with 5-year survival rate ~6% for all stages combined. Therefore, new therapeutically approaches are urgently nee...
Management of Unusual Sources of Upper GI Bleeding

Recognizing unusual sources of upper GI bleeding is important in evaluating individual patients who present diagnostic dilemmas and in promptly managing patients with uncommon but potentially catastrophic bleeding sources. As upper GI bleeds are relatively common, the probability of encountering a patient with an unusual source of bleeding is likely at some point; therefore, understanding the diagnosis and management of these uncommon pathologic processes is essential in caring for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
An Examination of Device Types and Features Used by Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Users in the PATH Study, 2015-2016.

To date no study has reported U.S. nationally representative estimates of current ENDS users by device category (“open” vs. “closed” systems) nor their detailed use behaviors. We examined the proportion of current adult ENDS users (unweighted n = 2671) using either “closed” or “open” systems during Wave 3 (2015–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Demographic characteristics, use patterns, and device characteristics were examined overall and by device type. Among the 5.0% of current users at Wave 3, 43.9% used closed systems and 53.7% used open systems. Compared to closed system users, open system users were more likely to be male (60.7% vs. 48.4%), aged 18–24 (30.4% vs. 21.4%), and non-Hispanic White (76.2% vs. 65.4%), recent former (9.9% vs. 5.6%) or long-term former (20.2% vs. 10.9%) smokers, and use ENDS daily (44.1% vs. 22.5%); they were less likely to be to be current daily smokers (31.7% vs. 48.0%) or never smokers (15.2% vs. 19.5%). Adult ENDS users were nearly evenly split on their use of closed versus open systems; however, several group differences were observed. Disentangling the relationship between device selection and subsequent use patterns remains a public health priority.
Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review:

Immunothrombosis is a potentially beneficial physiological process that aids innate immunity and host defense against pathogen invasion. However, this process can also be damaging when it occurs to excess or in critical blood vessels. Formation of extracellular traps by leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, is central to our understanding of immunothrombosis. In addition to degranulation and phagocytosis, extracellular traps are the third mechanism by which neutrophils combat potential pathogens. These traps consist of extracellular DNA decorated with bactericidal cellular proteins, including elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cathepsins. Neutrophils can release these structures as part of a controlled cell-death process or via a process termed vital NETosis that enables the cells to extrude DNA but remain viable. There is accumulating evidence that NETosis occurs in companion animals, including dogs, horses, and cats, and that it actively contributes to pathogenesis. Numerous studies have been published detailing various methods for identification and quantification of extracellular trap formation, including cell-free DNA, measurements of histones and proteins such as high-mobility group box-1, and techniques involving microscopy and flow cytometry. Here, we outline the present understanding of these phenomena and the mechanisms of extracellular trap formation. We critically review the data regarding measurement of NETosis in companion animals, summarize the existing literature on NETosis in veterinary species, and speculate on what therapeutic options these insights might present to clinicians in the future.
Abstract A37: Engineering armored TCR-modified T cells to enhance anti-tumor efficacy

Clinical trials utilizing T cells genetically engineered to express a tumor-targeted T-cell receptor (TCR) illustrate the promise of this therapy in treating cancer patients. However, there are obstacles that must be overcome to improve the efficacy of TCR gene therapy. Two separate signals are needed to completely activate T cells and drive T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Co-stimulatory molecules present on the surface of cancer cells can become downregulated as an escape mechanism, thus depriving the T cells of complete activation and leading to T-cell apoptosis or anergy. This project aims to armor tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells with proinflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-12 and IL-18. We hypothesize that this genetic modification will provide an alternate form of co-stimulation that will augment antitumor efficacy. Tumor-associated antigen specific pmel-1 T cells transduced with retroviral constructs were shown to be more functional through increased secretion of IFNγ when co-cultured with antigen-positive tumor cells. Additionally, the armored pmel T cells were able to significantly enhance lysis of the B16F10 melanoma cell line in vitro. Subsequently, the in vivo efficacy of the armored T cells was assessed in a syngeneic, immune-competent B16F10 melanoma mouse model. The armored pmel T cells were confirmed to significantly delay the B16F10 tumor progression and enhance the survival of these mice in comparison to control pmel T cells. These results provide future insight into applying the concept of armored TCR T cells to a therapeutically relevant human tumor target to enhance TCR-modified T-cell antitumor responses. Citation Format: Dylan J. Drakes, Sarwish Rafiq, Terence Purdon, Renier Brentjens. Engineering armored TCR-modified T cells to enhance anti-tumor efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A37.
Witches in the South: Past, Present, and in Comics

Witches are commonplace in American popular culture but their prominence stems from a particularly cruel episode in colonial history. The Salem Village witch trials of 1692 and 1693—often examined historically, politically, and in popular culture—overshadow the existence of witch trials that sporadically occurred in the South. The purpose of this chapter is to explore historical Southern witch trials and compare these findings to power relationships and conflicts found in modern horror comic books with witches as the main protagonists. While horror comics such as Redneck, Walking Dead, Bone Parrish, and Shadowman feature the South as part of their narrative this chapter will focus on Redlands (Bellaire & Del Rey, Image, 2018–present) and Harrow County (Bunn & Crook, Dark Horse, 2015–2018) because they specifically explore the existence of witches as part of Southern society.
Herbal Medicines in Glaucoma Treatment

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Optimizing treatment is important to protecting vision. The current standard of therapy for glaucoma involves lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) through medical, laser, and/or surgical therapy. Nevertheless, there are an increasing number of glaucoma patients that use alternative medicines to treat their glaucoma or supplement their traditional glaucoma management. Ginkgo biloba, bilberry, and medical marijuana are amongst the most commonly used medicinal plants by glaucoma patients. We reviewed the literature to determine the benefits, safety, and efficacy of these herbal remedies. Though ginkgo biloba and bilberry may prevent or slow down retinal ganglion cell death, there is no evidence yet to suggest that they alter the course of glaucoma. Medical marijuana has shown IOP lowering effect in some individuals, but its short duration of action, significant adverse effects, and addictive potential have rendered it an inappropriate standard therapeutic agent for glaucoma. Larger studies with longer durations that investigate the effect of herbal medicines on the course of glaucoma in comparison to the current standard of care are needed to elucidate their benefits in glaucoma treatment.
Lentiviral shRNA screen of multidrug resistant associated genes identifies PRP-4 as a new regulator of chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer

720 Experimental evidence implicates a wide range of mechanisms that may contribute to the drug resistant phenotype in ovarian cancer. The major goal of this study is to determine the mechanism underlying the relationship between overexpression of drug resistance associated genes and multi-drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Using lentiviral shRNAs targeting 120 genes identified from transcriptionally profiling drug resistant cancer cell lines, individual knockdown experiments were performed in the presence of sublethal doses of paclitaxel. Specific knockdown associated cellular toxicity identified ABCB1 (MDR1), survivin and PRP-4 (Pre-mRNA Processing factor-4) as genes directly linked to paclitaxel resistance in the paclitaxel resistant cell line SKOV-3TR. Both ABCB1 and survivin have been previously reported to play a role in multidrug resistance and chemotherapy drug induced apoptosis, while the effects of PRP-4 expression with drug sensitivity is currently unrecognized. PRP-4 belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family, plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing, and interacts with CLK1. Northern analysis demonstrated that PRP-4 is overexpressed in several paclitaxel-resistant cell lines and also confirmed PRP-4 expression could be significantly knocked down by PRP-4 lentivrial shRNA. Both clonegenic and MTT assays demonstrated that knock down of PRP-4 could reverse paclitaxel resistance 5-10 fold in the paclitaxel resistant cell line SKOV-3TR. Finally, overexpresion of PRP-4 in drug sensitive cells could induce a modest level of drug resistance to paclitaxel.
Native Aortic Root Thrombosis After Norwood Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.

Background Norwood palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome typically results in retrograde perfusion of the native aortic root. This may predispose to native aortic root thrombosis (NART). Methods Patients who underwent stage 1 Norwood palliation at Children’s Hospital Colorado between 2003 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for NART. Additional patients were identified by a systematic literature review. Patient factors, operative details, presentation, diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Three patients with NART were identified among 241 patients who had undergone stage 1 Norwood palliation at Children’s Hospital Colorado (mean follow-up, 48 months). A fourth patient identified at Children’s Hospital Colorado had undergone stage 1 palliation elsewhere. The systematic literature review identified 12 additional patients. Among the 16 patients, patients presented with new arrhythmias (38% [n = 6]), evidence of ischemia (31% [n = 5]), incidentally (19% [n = 3]), inability to wean from postoperative support (6% [n = 1]), and cardiac arrest (6% [n = 1). The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in 50% (n = 8), transesophageal echocardiography in 19% (n = 3), cardiac catheterization in 25% (n = 4), and cardiac computed tomography in 6% (n = 1). Importantly, 44% (n = 7) of patients were missed by TTE and subsequently diagnosed by other methods. Treatment strategies were surgical thrombectomy in 38% (n = 6), anticoagulation alone in 38% (n = 6), direct catheter thrombolysis in 19% (n = 3), and systemic thrombolysis in 6% (n = 1). The rate of mortality or transplant listing was 44% (n = 7). Conclusions NART is an underappreciated complication of Norwood palliation with high mortality. There should be a high index of suspicion for NART in patients after Norwood palliation with an unexplained complicated clinical course. Importantly, NART is frequently missed by TTE.
Near- and far-field structure of shallow mixing layers between parallel streams

The dynamics of coherent structures forming in a turbulent shallow mixing layer (ML) between two parallel streams advancing in a constant-depth, open channel is investigated using three-dimensional, time-accurate simulations. The large channel length to flow depth ratio () allows characterization of the spatial evolution of shallow MLs until the mean velocity difference between the two streams becomes less than 3% of the initial value at the end of the splitter plate. Away from the ML origin, the dynamics and coherence of the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) billows are affected by the destabilizing effect of the mean shear between the two streams and by the stabilizing effect of the bed friction. A linear decay of the entrainment coefficient α with the bed-friction factor, S, applies only over the region where merging of neighbouring KH billows is still observed (transition to quasi-equilibrium regime). At larger distances from the origin, where the billows are severely stretched in the streamwise direction before being destroyed, the rates of increase of the ML width, δ, and centreline shift, lcy, become very small and α is exponentially decaying with increasing S toward zero (quasi-equilibrium regime). During the initial stages of the quasi-equilibrium regime where the KH vortices are severely stretched, the ML assumes an undulatory shape in horizontal planes. New relationships are proposed to characterize the downstream variation of the non-dimensional ML width and centreline shift over the transition and quasi-equilibrium regimes. During the transition to equilibrium regime, the ML boundary on the fast-stream side remains close to vertical, while that on the slow-stream side becomes strongly tilted. The ML boundary on the slow-stream side becomes again close to vertical once the quasi-equilibrium regime is reached. During the transition to the equilibrium regime, the passage of the KH billows and the generation of streamwise cells of secondary flow generate regions of high instantaneous bed shear stress, such that the region where the erosive capacity of the flow peaks does not correspond to the fast stream. The paper also investigates the effects of flow shallowness and initial velocity ratio between the two streams on the turbulent kinetic energy inside the ML, the depth-averaged lateral momentum fluxes, the passage frequency and size of the KH billows and the wavelength and period of the undulatory motions of the ML during the early stages of the quasi-equilibrium regime.
Comprehensive analysis of the host-virus interactome of SARS-CoV-2

Host-virus protein-protein interaction is the key component of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lifecycle. We conducted a comprehensive interactome study between the virus and host cells using tandem affinity purification and proximity labeling strategies and identified 437 human proteins as the high-confidence interacting proteins. Functional characterization and further validation of these interactions elucidated how distinct SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins participate in its lifecycle, and discovered potential drug targets to the treatment of COVID-19. The interactomes of two key SARS-CoV-2 encoded viral proteins, NSP1 and N protein, were compared with the interactomes of their counterparts in other human coronaviruses. These comparisons not only revealed common host pathways these viruses manipulate for their survival, but also showed divergent protein-protein interactions that may explain differences in disease pathology. This comprehensive interactome of coronavirus disease-2019 provides valuable resources for understanding and treating this disease.
Preoperative cryoablation of a hypervascular bone metastasis: A case of effective devascularization before preoperative embolization.

Abstract Image-guided cryoablation has become a common approach for the palliative treatment of painful metastatic bone lesions, and indications for this procedure have expanded to include local control of bone metastases. We report a case in which cryoablation was performed on a large hypervascular renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis before surgical fixation of an impending fracture. In this case, cryoablation reduced the patient's pain but also appeared to result in devascularization of the tumor, thus obviating the need for preoperative embolization. This case raises the possibility that image-guided cryoablation may represent an alternative to preoperative embolization for vascular tumors while also serving a palliative function.
Preliminary Evaluation of Phenotypic Features from Clinical Interactions

Clinical interactions are not commonly scored and most result in a clinical progress note. Interactions quantified by instrument scores are liable to training biases, lack of granularity, and enforced phenotypic dimensionality. Measurements derived from speech and facial features have been previously demonstrated to correlate with clinical assessment. Here we evaluate face, gaze, head, and speech features recorded during routine clinical interactions for useful disease state phenotypic information. Clinical interactions were voluntarily recorded from eight inpatient participants over 48 sessions as they progressed from admission to discharge. We used a Zoom Q8 camera and two channel audio. Face action units, head pose, and gaze features were calculated using the OpenFace library1,. Acoustic, prosodic, and linguistic features were extracted using common software tools (e.g. Praat, Opensmile, GloVe, LIWC). We evaluated the results of four algorithms (Support vector, Lasso, Ridge, and Linear regression) to infer several Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) sub-scores using a 10-fold cross-validation approach. In addition, we visually explored the feature space for phenotypic subtypes and potential response to treatment. From face, gaze, and head movement features we predicted non-zero BPRS depressive mood scores with accuracy of .93 and inferred BPRS depressive mood, blunted affect and motor retardation subscores with Pearson coefficients of (.78, .82, and .76). Participant feature data plotted longitudinally exposes subtle changes in objective measures humans would find difficult to identify from memory. We demonstrate the range of objective digital features that can be generated in the normal course of a relatively brief, unstructured clinical interactions and correlate these objective features with subjective clinical ratings and patient trajectories. (DB) NIH T32 MH019961, (DB) R25 MH071584.
Mycobacterium abscessus Periprosthetic Hip Infection Complicated by Superimposed Polymicrobial Infection: A Case Report.

CASE A 79-year-old man developed Mycobacterium abscessus prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip hemiarthroplasty that was complicated by polymicrobial infection. He was ultimately treated with resection arthroplasty and chronic suppressive therapy. He has had no evidence of recurrent infection after 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION As far as we know, this is the first reported case of M. abscessus hip PJI complicated by superimposed polymicrobial infection. This case demonstrates the challenge of treating M. abscessus infection, the need for a multidisciplinary approach with aggressive surgical intervention, and prolonged combination antimicrobial therapy for a successful outcome.
Digital Rights Challenges in a World of Technological Convergence

The convergence of communication, caused in part by the convergence of media and digital content, is a continuing phenomenon. Many intellectual property challenges loom in this environment. This paper focuses on the situation in the Unites States. The peculiar features inherent in digital content that exacerbate the intellectual property problem, such as non-permanent, multiple, and heterogeneous media are discussed. A few US cases that illustrate some of the problems in this area are also examined. The paper concludes by looking at the multiple goals of digital content collections and the problem of intellectual property.
Buckling of Plates Under Non-Homogeneous Stress

Plastic buckling stresses calculated for long plates, clamped at their unloaded edges and subject to longitudinal bending or eccentric compression in their plane; governing partial differential equation is reduced to ordinary finite difference equations, using second order differences; plastic buckling stresses of clamped and hinged flanges are calculated by energy method.
A Dialogue on Action: Risks and Possibilities of Feminism in the Academy in the 21st Century

This collectively authored essay explores the state of feminism in/and the academy in the 21st century. We examine the relationship between space, discourse, and action, and consider how the institutionalization of particular spaces affects our voices. We also imagine how feminist pedagogies and feminist performances might evolve to reflect changing notions of political action.
STUDIES OF PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN MAN: II. A STUDY OF THE PERMEABILITY OF THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE TO INORGANIC PHOSPHATE IN VITRO BY THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE (P32)

1. Phosphate exchange in red cells and plasma was studied in vitro using P 32 in the form of sodium phosphate as a tracer. 2. No phosphate was added other than the isotopic preparation which was of high specific activity. 3. Inorganic phosphate exchanged freely between the plasma and the erythrocytes at 37.5 C. in a period of four hours. Minimal transfer occurred at 7 C. 4. Most of the added P 32 which passed into the erythrocytes during this time remained in the inorganic fraction, less than 15 per cent being found in the organic acid soluble fraction. 5. The specific activity of the inorganic phosphate of the erythrocytes was equal to or greater than that obtaining for the inorganic phosphate of the plasma at the end of the four hour incubation period at 37.5 C.
DISC 20th Anniversary: Invited Talk Provably Unbreakable Hyper-Encryption Using Distributed Systems

Encryption is a fundamental building block for computer and communications technologies. Existing encryption methods depend for their security on unproven assumptions. We propose a new model, the Limited Access model for enabling a simple and practical provably unbreakable encryption scheme. A voluntary distributed network of thousands of computers each maintain and update random pages, and act as Page Server Nodes. A Sender and Receiver share a random key K. They use K to randomly select the same PSNs and download the same random pages. These are employed in groups of say 30 pages to extract One Time Pads common to S and R. Under reasonable assumptions of an Adversary's inability to monitor all PSNs, and easy ways for S and R to evade monitoring while downloading pages, Hyper Encryption is clearly unbreakable. The system has been completely implemented. Modern encryption methods depend for their security on assumptions concerning the intractability of various computational problems such as the factorization of large integers into prime factors or the computation of the discrete log function in large finite groups. Even if true, there are currently no methods for proving such assumptions. At the same time, even if these problems will be shown to be of super-polynomial complexity, there is steady progress in the development of practical algorithms for the solution of progressively larger instances of the problems in question. Thus there is no firm reason to believe that any of the encryptions in actual use is now safe, or an indication as to how long it will remain so. Furthermore, if and when the current intensive work on Quantum Computing will produce actual quantum computers, then the above encryptions will succumb to these machines.
Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) from a Global Dataset: The PEER NGA Equations

The PEER NGA ground-motion prediction equation s (GMPEs) were derived by five developer teams over several years, resulting in five sets of GMPEs. The teams used various subsets of a global database of ground motions and metadata from shallow earthquakes in tectonically active regions in the development of the equations. Since their publication, the predicted motions from these GMPEs have been compared with data from various parts of the world – data that largely were not used in the development of the GMPEs. The comparisons suggest that the NGA GMPEs are applicable globally for shallow earthquakes in tectonically active regions.
Virogenic properties of bromodeoxyuridine-sensitive and bromodeoxyuridine-resistant simian virus 40-transformed mouse kidney cells.

Abstract When simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed mouse kidney cells (mKS) were grown in the presence of susceptible indicator cells, SV40 was readily recovered from: (i) 15 transformed cell lines, (ii) transformed cells subcultured 45 times over a 7-month period in medium containing antiviral serum and bromodeoxyuridine (dBU), (iii) 45 of 46 clonal lines isolated in the presence of antiviral serum, (iv) 19 of 19 secondary clones isolated from two clonal lines, and (v) dBU-resistant transformed cell lines. dBU-resistant SV40-transformed mouse kidney cell lines were selected and shown to contain the T antigen and to have normal levels of thymidylate kinase and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase, but to be deficient in thymidine (dT) kinase. Radioautographic and biochemical experiments demonstrated that very little 3H-dT was incorporated into DNA of dBU-resistant cells during a 6-hr labeling period. After infection of dT kinase-deficient mKS cells with vaccinia virus, high levels of dT kinase were induced. The properties of SV40 recovered from dBU-sensitive and dBU-resistant cells were studied. SV40 recovered from transformed cells was shown to express in CV-1 cells at least six functions characteristic of parental virus: synthesis of capsid antigen, synthesis of T antigen, synthesis of viral DNA, induction of dT kinase, induction of DNA polymerase, and induction of host cell DNA synthesis. In addition, SV40 recovered from the transformed cells induced T antigen, dT kinase, deoxycytidylate deaminase, thymidylate kinase, and DNA polymerase in abortively infected mouse kidney cultures, and the virus was also capable of transforming primary cultures of mouse kidney cells.
Theological Reflections on the Oracles against the Nations

This paper illuminates the positive theological value of the oracles against the nations ( OAN s) in the Old Testament. Tracing the historical development of the OAN tradition, I propose that the OAN tradition originated in a war or a cultic setting and went through three stages of transformation: first, the shift from salvation oracles for Israel to oracles against Israel by the 8th century prophets Amos and Isaiah: second, the shift from a realistic depiction of enemies to a more cosmic depiction of them during the exilic period: third, the inclusion of the nations into the future restoration in the postexilic period. The trajectory of the development of the OAN tradition shows how Israel’s self-understanding and attitude toward foreign nations changed with a strong emphasis on Yahweh’s kingship. The emphasis on Yahweh’s kingship over Israel’s special status provides a ground for the inclusion of foreign nations into Yahweh’s plan. By prioritizing Yahweh’s kingship, his people can avoid the danger of self-elevation and embrace the other people into the community.
A phenomenological analysis of the relationship between grief, emotional stress and anomalous experiences

AbstractMind–matter interaction (MMI) is understood in most existing literature relevant to the topic as a subjective experience of physical matter being affected by one’s own mind or the mind of another person in an anomalous manner. Much of the scholarship found on this phenomenon was written from a parapsychological perspective and, as such, has primarily utilised methods of research more or less in line with the natural sciences (i.e. statistical analyses). In studying MMI from a qualitative perspective, instead of more traditional types of psychological experimentation, this article suggests that researchers can better understand the contextual, relational and subjective nature of such phenomena. For this study, several written descriptions were analysed using a descriptive, phenomenological method, with the objective of learning more about some ways that MMI is experienced from a psychological perspective, particularly in relation to issues of personal crisis, the significance of death and/or trauma...
Comparison Of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) And Contrast Detail Image Evaluation Tests

An evaluation of imaging systems with different resolutions was made using MTF and Contrast Detail observer performance studies. The different imaging characteristics were obtained by changing the collimator in a clinical gamma camera. Three collimators were used. The two evaluation tests (MTF and CD) agreed on the relative ranking of the image systems. We conclude that contrast detail tests are useful in spite of their shortcomings.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CMS Hadron Forward Calorimeter Phase I upgrade status

The Hadron Forward Calorimeter of CMS completed the Long Shutdown 1 part of the Phase I upgrade. Approximately 1800 photomultiplier tubes were replaced with thinner window, higher quantum efficiency, four-anode photo-multiplier tubes. The new photomultiplier tubes will provide better light detection performance, a significantly reduced background and unique handles to recover the signal in the presence of background. The upgrade is also associated with new cabling and channel segmentation options. This report will describe the upgrade and the nature of the essential upgrade elements with supporting test results.
Determination of the Effects of a Bipolar Polypyridylosmium(II) Complex on the Stability of Montmorillonite Colloids.

Abstract Adsorption of a large cationic complex on the surface of a montmorillonite colloid results in flocculation of the colloid. This destabilization of the colloid does not occur when the cationic complex has been modified to contain a side-chain terminating in an anionic group (i.e., the complex is bipolar). The influence of such a bipolar complex on the particle sizes in montmorillonite colloids was examined using a polypyridylosmium(II) complex. Laser Doppler velocimetry was employed to determine the particle-size distributions in montmorillonite colloids containing various concentrations of the osmium complex and 1.00 g L −1 of clay. At loadings below the cation-exchange capacity of the clay, the particle-size distribution was independent of the total concentration of the bipolar osmium(II) complex. Under these conditions, at least 98% of the complex was adsorbed on the clay.
Onset of Severe Amplitude Scintillations of Satellite Radio Signals during Sunrise

WHEN considering ionospheric sunrise effects one must remember that the light of sunrise at a specific ionospheric height has been filtered through the entire atmosphere before reaching a point of ground sunrise; also the light has had the filtering action of the air between the point of ground sunrise and the westward point at that ionospheric altitude. Thus the ionization power of solar radiation at high altitudes is reduced to mere heat effects during the time before ground sunrise. In this respect, vibrational excitation1 may have to be considered, but specifically at lower altitudes. Furthermore, existing drifts in the ionosphere, such as winds and waves in the neutral gas as well as electron and ion fluxes, have some influence. A downward electron flux is typical for a period after midnight or before dawn2. During winter, an arrival of electrons from the conjugate ionosphere (which is in summer and has an earlier sunrise) may play a part by increasing the pre-sunrise ion and electron temperatures especially at European mid-latitudes3. Finally, the diurnal cycle of the ionospheric motions, that is the downward move of the F-region maximum from an altitude of 400 km before sunrise to an altitude of 250 km after sunrise, has to be considered (H. F. Bates in a paper read to the US URSI spring meeting in 1968). Together, these effects are likely to produce a turbulent motion within the ionosphere at a specific point of first illumination.
Taking a Bow in the Theater of Things

ABSTRACT Beginning with the meaning and use of the word “performance,” this essay analyzes some of the ambiguities and tensions performance has historically engendered. These tensions were both social and epistemic and can be sketched out with relation to either the corrupting influences of performance as dissimulation and masquerade or its didactic possibilities as exemplary of morality, virtue, and truth. Following these tensions across the history of antitheatrical literature into early modern natural philosophy, the essay attempts to show some of the ways that natural philosophy was used to perform—regulate, discipline, and direct—its audience(s), while simultaneously being itself performed—through interlocking practices enacted by sites, objects, and humans—as demonstrative of the legitimacy of its social and epistemic authority.
Use of SMS in office environments

Investigations of Short Messaging System (SMS) or texting have been directed at private use and mostly the adolescent population. The present paper investigates SMS in a representative sample of office environments in a Scandinavian town. The results indicate that SMS messaging is not integrated into office work, that the messages are highly informal, mostly from the private sphere and from persons well known to the receiver. Different explanations of the infrequent use of SMS in the workplace, e.g. cost sharing between employer and employee, are proposed. One explanation ties the difference in popularity in the private and business spheres to technical aspects of the system and its user interface. This explanation is based upon the Gricean concept of conversational implicature and Clark's concept of common ground and is elaborated at length. This explanation suggests that SMS is an inherently informal communication system, ill suited to the business domain.
Emergence and recovery response of phosphate metabolites and intracellular pH in intact Mytilus edulis as examined in situ by in vivo 31P-NMR.

Abstract We employed surface probe-localized 31P-NMR spectroscopy to examine in situ the impact of short-term emergence (hypoxia) and resubmergence on phosphate metabolites and intracellular pH (pHi) in intact mussels. The use of intact organisms ensured that all intrinsic responses remained active while monitoring of individuals minimized uncertainties resulting from stochastic behavior and other individual differences. The use of a photoetched, balanced-match foil probe combined with 1H-NMR images allowed 31P-NMR spectra to be acquired from the posterior adductor muscle with good signal-to-noise. Upon emergence, all mussels exhibited an increase in [Pi], a decline in [phosphoarginine] and pHi, and very little changes in [ATP] with time. The complementary behavior of [phosphoarginine] and [Pi] indicated a precursor-product relationship involved in the maintenance of [ATP] but the similarity between [phosphoarginine] and pHi time-courses cannot be so readily explained. Irregularity in the time-courses of some parameters could have reflected stochastic gaping activity. Resubmergence responses exhibited a reversal of the emergence responses, except that the pHi eventually became supraalkaline with irregular fluctuations. This might be related to the ‘oxygen debt’ phenomenon and increased oxidative phosphorylation.
On Optimized Extrapolation Method for Elliptic Problems with Large Coefficient Variation

A posteriori error estimators are fundamental tools for providing confidence in the numerical computation of PDEs. In this paper we present a new technique that produces global a posteriori error estimates based on an optimized extrapolation method. The choice of the objective function as well as the representation of the unknown weight function in the extrapolation formula is discussed. This paper focuses on applications governed by the elliptic problem div (ρ∇u) = f, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Special attention is given to problems where the positive coefficient ρ exhibits large variations throughout the domain or f contains some singular source terms. These features are commonly encountered in physical problems including heat transfer with heterogeneous material properties and pressure solver in multiphase flows with large ratio of density between fluids.
Non-fragile H ∞ controller design with sparse structure

This paper presents a study on the problem of non-fragile H∞ controller design with sparse structure for SISO linear continuous-time systems. The controller to be designed with sparse structure is assumed to have additive gain variations, which are due to the finite world length(FWL) effects when the controller is implemented. Design methods for non-fragile H∞ controller with sparse structure are provided. The resulting designs guarantee the closed-loop systems asymptotically stable and the H∞ performance from the disturbance to the regulated output being less than a prescribed level. A numerical example is given to illustrate the design methods.
Harmonic Filters for Six-Phase and Other Multiphase Motors on Voltage Source Inverters

Inverter-driven motors having five, six, or more phases have smaller torque pulsations and lower rotor I 2 R loss due to harmonics than do their three-phase counterparts. However, they generally have higher stator harmonic currents. For example, six-phase motors, supplied by a six step voltage source inverters have fifth and seventh harmonic currents which are from two to five times as large as in a comparable three-phase motor. If the motor has five or more phases, these currents can be substantially reduced by the harmonic filter described. The filter consists of transformer-like devices connected in the leads between the inverter and motor. The coils on these are interconnected in a prescribed way so that they add negligible impedance for fundamental currents, but they add considerable impedance for most harmonics. Since the filters do not affect fundamental current, they do not affect the speed-torque characteristic. These filters are described for any number of phases, and equations to determine their inductance values for the various harmonics are developed. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by experimental results.
Strain specificity of monodisperse gamma-globulin appearance after immunization of inbred mice.

SummaryImmunization of various inbred lines of young mice led to the appearance of monodisperse bands of gammaglobulin having antibody activity in the serum. Whereas the antibody titers achieved did not differ significantly, the proportion which developed these bands was as high as 60% in DBA/2 or C57BL/6 and F1 hybrids having these as one parent. This activity did not occur in A/J or CBA strains. These studies suggest an additional way in which genetic control might be exerted over the quantity of the immune response.