cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Serum Markers and Uterine Artery Doppler in Identifying At-Risk Pregnancies

Measures of placental dysfunction, including maternal serum analytes and Doppler studies, have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, although the predictive ability of any single one is poor. Improved knowledge of the multifactorial nature of many of the adverse outcomes of pregnancy has sparked interest in the use of multi-parameter models that combine maternal serum analytes with measures of placental structure and blood flow. The combination of various first-trimester and second-trimester analytes and uterine artery Doppler screening show promise as potential screening tools, but large prospective studies are needed to further define their role in clinical practice.
Acute respiratory failure with thrombocytopenia in a 47-year-old woman after hiking in the Sierras.

A 47-year-old previously healthy woman presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of fatigue and abdominal discomfort. Four days earlier, right flank pain developed with radiation to the groin, for which she was evaluated with CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis and treated with acetaminophen/hydrocodone for renal colic, though no renal stone was seen. Two days prior, she continued to have abdominal and back pain with nausea, nonbloody emesis, and temperature of 38.5°C. On evaluation, she reported a dry cough of 1 day in duration, but denied dyspnea or chest pain. She had no significant medical or surgical history. She had spent a week in the California Sierra Nevada range hiking and bird watching 4 to 5 weeks before presentation. She lived in a wooded neighborhood, and owned no pets. One week prior to this episode, during inspection of the plumbing in the crawl space of her home, she noted rodent droppings.
A quantitative ultrastructural study of the pinealocyte of the chipmunk (Tamias striatus) during the daytime and at night

Day-night differences in the areas of granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, dense-core vesicles, and lysosomelike bodies were analyzed morphometrically in the pinealocytes of the chipmunk. The area of lysosomelike bodies was greater at night and lower during the daytime. In contrast, the areas of granular endoplasmic reticulum and dense-core vesicles were greater during daytime and lower at night. Our observations suggest the existence of 24-hour rhythms in the areas of these structures, perhaps indicative of a pineal rhythm in secretion, whether indolic or peptidergic.
Use of Laparoscopy in Intersex Patients

AbstractPurpose: Management of impalpable gonads in intersex patients remains a challenging problem. Since laparoscopic gonadectomy or gonadal preservation has been used in the management of impalpable gonads in the normal male population, laparoscopy can be an alternative method in the treatment of intersex patients.Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic operations were performed on 6 patients with intersex conditions, including the testicular feminization syndrome in 2, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency in 1, 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in 1 and mixed gonadal dysgenesis in 2.Results: Laparoscopic gonadal biopsy, gonadectomy and hysterosalpingectomy were done in select patients.Conclusions: Although the initial diagnoses were made by phenotypic presentation, and biochemical and cytogenetic studies, laparoscopy had an important role in defining the internal ductal and gonadal structures to confirm the diagnosis, and served as an efficient method for gonadectomy and removing structures contrary...
Stories about firms: boundaries, structures, strategies, and processes

This paper explores contemporary efforts to enrich the economic theory of firms. Its theme is the search for a postmodern approach to the firm, and it explores how those search efforts are reshaping the narrative of conventional neoclassical economic theory. My main interests are the concepts of firms and markets that emerge from a line of inquiry which views firms as social institutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matched comparison of robotic vs laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: an initial experience.

Objective To compare our initial robotic-assisted nephroureterectomy (RAN) experience with a well-established practice of performing laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LN) to treat upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Methods We reviewed our prospectively maintained minimally invasive surgery database. Patients who underwent RAN from April 2009 to December 2011 were matched by pathologic tumor stage and age (±10 years) to those who underwent LN. Results Twenty-two matched pairs were evaluated. Mean operative time (298 vs 251 minutes) and estimated blood loss (EBL, 380 vs 233 mL) were significantly higher for RAN, with a greater need for transfusion in this group. Complication rates were similar. The RAN group trended toward more frequent lymph node dissection and greater median node count when lymph node dissection was performed (59% vs 27% [P = .07] and 5.5 vs 1.0 [P = .13]). After a median follow-up of 10 months for RAN and 15 months for LN, no significant difference was seen in the rate of bladder (36% vs 37%) or distant (32% vs 23%) recurrence, with similar median time to any recurrence (9 months vs 4 months, P = .32). Conclusion RAN was associated with higher operative time and blood loss likely because of more frequent use of node dissection, robot repositioning, and technical inexperience. Lymph node dissection was more frequently performed with RAN, which reflects surgeon practice patterns. When a lymph node dissection was performed, the median node count was greater with RAN. Our initial experience with RAN suggests that this is an acceptable approach for the management of UTUC.
Gerson Lehrman Group: Managing Risks

It was June 2011 and Alexander Saint-Amand, President and CEO of Gerson Lehrman Group, the largest expert network firm globally, has found his firm once again in the midst of controversy. This controversy centered around a number of insider trading cases that had been brought against consultants working for competing expert network firms. While GLG was in no way implicated in these cases, and GLG had invested significantly in its compliance policies and controls in order to prevent the mishandling of public information, the entire industry was being impacted. Saint-Amand is faced with the challenge of deciding how best to handle this crisis.Learning Objective: To provide insight into the handling of a business crisis situation; discussion of challenges faced by an emerging, high-growth industry.
Simulated ducting of high-frequency atmospheric gravity waves in the presence of background winds

[1] A new nonlinear and time-dependent model is used to derive the total perturbation energy flux of two gravity wave packets propagating from the troposphere to the lower thermosphere. They are excited by a heat source and respectively propagate in an eastward and westward direction in the presence of a zonal wind. Analysis of the refractive index, the power spectra and the total perturbation energy flux allows us to correctly interpret the ducting characteristics of these two wave packets. In our study the wind acts as a directional filter to the wave propagations and causes noticeable spectral variations at higher altitudes. We are the first that time-resolve the total perturbation energy flux influenced by the winds and the simulations have immediate impacts to the airglow observations on certain wave spectra.
Prevalence of Pain and Analgesic Use in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure

The authors' results provide a method for estimating accruals along the disease continuum, and for enabling design of trials appropriately powered to assess pain.
Infection in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

The risk of infection after transplantation changes over time, particularly with modifications in immunosuppression. Unfortunately, no assays accurately measure a patient’s risk of infection. Currently, therefore, the clinician assesses a recipient’s risk of infection while considering the risk of allograft rejection, the intensity of immunosuppression, and other factors that may contribute to his or her susceptibility to infection. Prophylactic strategies are based on the patient’s known or likely exposures to infection according to the results of serologic testing and epidemiologic history. The risk of infection in the transplant recipient is a continuous function of the interplay between these factors.
The Risk of Upper Tract Recurrence Following Cystectomy in Patients with Transitional Cell Carcinoma Involving the Distal Ureter

AbstractPurpose: Risk factors for the development of an upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma following radical cystectomy are identified.Materials and Methods: The records of 430 patients who underwent cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder between 1981 and 1988 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Upper tract tumors developed in 11 patients (2.6 percent) at a median of 40 months after radical cystectomy. Of the potential risk factors evaluated only the presence of transitional cell carcinoma within the distal ureter showed a statistically significant correlation with upper tract recurrence (p = 0.001). Six of the 11 recurrent neoplasms were asymptomatic. Among the patients with upper urinary tract recurrence 5 died of disease, 4 had no evidence of disease and 2 were alive with cancer.Conclusions: Patients with distal ureteral involvement at cystectomy are at a high risk for upper tract recurrence. These patients should be monitored with routine upper tract cytology and ima...
Experimental and Analytical Study of Blade Lag Damping Augmentation using Chordwise Absorbers

The feasibility of helicopter blade lag damping using embedded chordwise absorbers is investigated both analytically and experimentally. The basic feature of this approach is the use of tuned damped absorbers along the blades. This concept, utilizing a portion of the leading-edge weights that are already incorporated into the blade as a portion of the mass of the absorbers, can have the potential to replace or augment current blade lag dampers and reduce the complexity, aerodynamic drag, and weight of the rotor hub. The analysis is performed using an aeromechanical stability analysis program developed using the finite element method for the rotor system with blades incorporating absorbers. The test is conducted using a small-scale hingeless rotor with a single absorber on each blade. Parametric studies for blade lag damping augmentation with various absorber mass, location, damping, and tuned frequency are also presented. The analytical and experimental results show that blade damping augmentation using chordwise absorbers varies from 0.3 to 15% critical damping depending on the blade and the absorber parameters. The analytical results also show that the damping augmentation improves the ground-resonance stability of the rotor system.
Iterative Learning Control Approach to a Diffusion Control Problem in an Irrigation Application

In this paper we consider an iterative learning control-based approach to controlling a periodic distributed parameter system. The problem arises in the real-time control of flow rate in a center pivot irrigator used in dry-land farming. The system is modeled as a spatial-temporal diffusion process in three spatial dimensions coupled with flow in one dimension. First, a distributed parameter model of the process is presented. Then a finite differences approximation of the process is developed, after which an iterative learning controller is developed to regulate the maximum value of the measured variable over a single period of the irrigator's motion. It is shown via simulation that the strategy can successfully generate the correct flow rates, even in the presence of regionally-varying diffusion rates.
Performance analysis and design of Banyan network based broadband packet switches for integrated traffic

Approximate Markov chain models are developed for Banyan-network-based packet switches built with arbitrary node sizes and a single buffer at each of the inputs/outputs of the nodes, in a multiclass traffic environment with priority. Invariance of the total throughput and the average time delay is observed. Dilated Banyan networks are also modeled. Techniques for obtaining the time delay distributions for packets of each traffic class are illustrated. It was observed that the total throughput and the average time delay of all the packets depend only on the total load and not on the traffic mix. The first stage is found to affect the division of throughputs, while the remaining stages merely affect the time delays of the different traffic classes. Dilations provide improvements under certain assumptions. >
Numerical investigation of geosynthetic-reinforced soil bridge abutments under static loading

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation of the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments under static loading conditions. Simulations were conducted using a finite-difference program to model the Founders/Meadows GRS bridge abutment during construction and service. Simulated results are in good agreement with field measurements, including displacements, lateral and vertical earth pressures, and tensile strains and forces in reinforcement. The simulations also indicate that horizontal restraint from the bridge structure has a significant influence on abutment deflections. A parametric study was then conducted to investigate the performance of a single-span full bridge system with two GRS abutments, including effects of bridge contact friction coefficient, backfill soil relative compaction, backfill soil cohesion, reinforcement spacing, reinforcement length, reinforcement stiffness, and bridge load. Results indicate that backfill soil relative compaction, reinforcement...
Influence of Processing Parameters on Microstructure of Pulsed Laser Deposited Au Thin Films

It has long been recognized that thin film polycrystalline microstructures are determined by the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with physical vapor deposition, but it is quite process dependent and not easily quantified. We have examined the microstructure in polycrystalline Au films obtained by pulse laser deposition (PLD) under various conditions and interpret the results in terms of three fundamental parameters common to all physical vapor deposition: Flux kinetic energy, substrate temperature, and deposition rate. With this model, it is predicted that nanocrystalline films are formed in the limits of low temperature, flux, and high deposition rate. The deposited films are analyzed with X-ray diffraction and SEM to determine texture and grain morphology, which are found to fit well within in the process maps.
Constrained Optimization with Evolutionary Algorithms: A Comprehensive Review

Global optimization is an essential part of any kind of system. Various algorithms have been proposed that try to imitate the learning and problem solving abilities of the nature up to certain level. The main idea of all nature-inspired algorithms is to generate an interconnected network of individuals, a population. Although most of unconstrained optimization problems can be easily handled with Evolutionary Algorithms (EA), constrained optimization problems (COPs) are very complex. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review will be presented which summarizes the constraint handling techniques for COPs
Efficiencies of the NJp, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian Methods of Phylogenetic Construction for Compositional and Noncompositional Genes

At the present time it is often stated that the maximum likelihood or the Bayesian method of phylogenetic construction is more accurate than the neighbor joining (NJ) method. Our computer simulations, however, have shown that the converse is true if we use p distance in the NJ procedure and the criterion of obtaining the true tree (Pc expressed as a percentage) or the combined quantity (c) of a value of Pc and a value of Robinson-Foulds' average topological error index (dT). This c is given by Pc (1 - dT/dTmax) = Pc (m - 3 - dT/2)/(m - 3), where m is the number of taxa used and dTmax is the maximum possible value of dT, which is given by 2(m - 3). This neighbor joining method with p distance (NJp method) will be shown generally to give the best data-fit model. This c takes a value between 0 and 1, and a tree-making method giving a high value of c is considered to be good. Our computer simulations have shown that the NJp method generally gives a better performance than the other methods and therefore this method should be used in general whether the gene is compositional or it contains the mosaic DNA regions or not.
The corneal and lenticular changes resulting from amino acid deficiencies in the rat.

SummaryIn the rat, deficiencies of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, histidine, threonine, valine, or of arginine, resulted in corneal vascularization. Four of 7 rats on a histidine-deficient diet developed lenticular opacities.
ULTRASONIC SEPARATION OF INCLUSIONSFROM FLOW LIQUID

By using the suspension made of high density polyethylene particles and water as a model, the possibility of ultrasonic separation of inclusions in flow fluid has been experimently investigated. The variations of parameters such as ultrasound power input, flow rate, amount of particle input and particle size, have been found to have significant effects on total removal rate (TRR), floatation removal rate (FRR) and adhesion removal rate (ARR) of inclusion particles. The experimental results showed that the inclusions in flow liquid were obviously removed (up to 93%) under short time (30 s) imposing ultrasound, and that TRR increased with increasing ultrasound power. It has been shown that the higher TRRS are obtained for more amount of particle input and larger size inclusion, and the inclusions in flow liquid are removed easier than those in static liquid. The separation process is through the acoustic cavitation induced bubbles, bubbles traping the inclusions, and the floatation due to accumulation of inclusions.
Syllable perception depends on tone perception.

We conducted a perception study on Mandarin, a tone language where pitch carries contrastive information, to investigate whether pitch changes interfere with spectral information in determining the number of syllables in an utterance. We generated F0 contours and simulated tonal coarticulation using the qTA model [1]. The perception of syllable numbers depended on the perception of tones, and this effect held across speech rate. Combining with prior work [2], the results indicate that laryngeal and supralaryngeal events interact in syllable perception in tone languages. We discuss how our findings support the notion of language-specific perception.
Successful Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transduodenal Biliary Drainage Through a Pre-Existing Duodenal Stent

Context When ERCP fails in the setting of combined biliary and duodenal obstruction, EUS-guided biliary drainage has emerged as an alternate method of biliary decompression. Case report We present a case of a 40-year-old man with advanced pancreatic cancer and a pre-existing duodenal wall stent who subsequently develops jaundice due to biliary obstruction. An ERCP was technically unsuccessful as the papilla was inaccessible despite probing within the duodenal stent. Transduodenal biliary drainage was achieved using EUS guidance to create a choledochoduodenostomy tract. A fully covered metal biliary stent was then deployed through the mesh of the duodenal wall stent. The patient’s jaundice and pruritus subsequently resolved. Conclusion This is the first report of successful transduodenal EUS-guided biliary drainage performed through an existing enteral wall stent and can still be considered as an alternate mode of biliary drainage in this setting. Image: Deployed metal biliary stent protruding through mesh of duodenal wall stent.
Bringing Organized Prayer in Through the Back Foor: How Moment-of-Silence Legislation for Public Schools Violates the Establishment Clause

In recent years the Supreme Court has heard a number of cases involving disguised methods of returning religion to the public schools. One way in which school prayer advocates have attempted to return prayer to the public schools is through moment of silence legislation. At least twenty-nine states currently have moment of silence legislation circumventing the Supreme Court’s decisions on religion in public schools. As school-prayer proponents persist in their efforts to return religion to the public schools, focus on moment of silence legislation can be expected to continue. This article will explain why moments of silence, like all forms of organized religious activities in public schools during the school day, violate the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. There have been very few articles published on this topic since the 1980’s despite the fact that the Court has recently issued a number of decisions on religious expression in the public schools and the states have continued to enact moment of silence legislation.
Prevention of the ethanol-induced fatty liver in the rat by phenobarbital.

Pretreatment of female rats with sodium phenobarbital (80 mg per kg) daily for 4 days markedly reduces the fatty liver resulting from a single dose of ethanol (4.8 g per kg). Inhibition of the ethanol- induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation is demonstrable after 3 days of phenobarbital pretreatment and is accompanied by alterations of the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte. The inhibition of the fatty liver is associated with a striking elevation of blood ethanol levels and no increase in blood lactate. The enhanced incorporation of fatty acid into triglyceride by microsomal preparations after in vivo ethanol administration did not occur in phenobarbital-pretreated animals. The oxidation of ethanol by liver slices and supernatant fractions was diminished in phenobarbital-pretreated animals and this inhibition also was demonstrable when phenobarbital was added in vitro to slices and supernatant fractions of control animals. However, ethanol oxidation by hepatic microsomes was similar in phenobarbital- and saline-pretreated rats and was not affected by addition of phenobarbital in vitro. It is suggested that the inhibitory effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the ethanol-induced fatty liver is due to inhibition of the alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated oxidation of ethanol.
Globalising sociolinguistics: challenging and expanding theory

Sociolinguistics, especially variationist sociolinguistics, is something like baseball: a stats-heavy activity popular in a few countries, especially the United States, but less known elsewhere. Un...
Legacy and Later Life of Ragnar Frisch

With this lofty beginning, and the combination of Frisch ’s vision and tenacity and Cowles ’ funding, came to be both a new scholarly society and perhaps the greatest research commission ever created in the social sciences.
Life-Course Development and Crime: An Introduction

This chapter provides a brief overview of some of the main theoretical frameworks as well as empirical evidence that currently exist in developmental and life-course criminology. Discussion is also devoted toward the implications of these theoretical frameworks and the related empirical research for crime prevention, notably early life-course prevention programs such as family parent training and nurse-home visitation programs. The chapter concludes with offering directions for future developmental and life-course research and theorizing.
Robust statistics over riemannian manifolds for computer vision

The nonlinear nature of many compute vision tasks involves analysis over curved nonlinear spaces embedded in higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. Such spaces are known as manifolds and can be studied using the theory of differential geometry. In this thesis we develop two algorithms which can be applied over manifolds. The nonlinear mean shift algorithm is a generalization of the original mean shift, a popular feature space analysis method for vector spaces. Nonlinear mean shift can be applied to any Riemannian manifold and is provably convergent to the local maxima of an appropriate kernel density. This algorithm is used for motion segmentation with different motion models and for the filtering of complex image data. The projection based M-estimator is a robust regression algorithm which does not require a user supplied estimate of the scale, the level of noise corrupting the inliers. We build on the connections between kernel density estimation and robust M-estimators and develop data driven rules for scale estimation. The method can be generalized to handle heteroscedastic data and subspace estimation. The results of using pbM for affine motion estimation, fundamental matrix estimation and multibody factorization are presented. A new sensor fusion method which can handle heteroscedastic data and incomplete estimates of parameters is also discussed. The method is used to combine image based pose estimates with inertial sensors.
Conclusion: Solidarities, Analogies, And Asymmetries

Concepts like queerness and intersectionality have meant to disrupt narratives of authenticity and belonging, to make our thinking and acting in the context of difference more challenging. But even as theories and actions increasingly acknowledge difference, intersections, and relationality, and despite the long history of work in these areas, problems remain. Strategies for organizing with and through difference and theoretical positions that attempt to account for our difficult relationships still wrestle with the possibility of the seeming need to establish a position definitively or explore an issue singularly. Subject positions may not have yet become difficult enough, not yet fully able to recognize of the work of others in those relational, intersectional subject positions.
When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug combinations

In drug-drug interactions, there are surprising cases in which the growth inhibition of bacteria by a single antibiotic decreases when a second antibiotic is added. These interactions are termed suppressive and have been argued to have the potential to limit the evolution of resistance. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to suppressive interactions because clinical studies typically search for increases in killing efficiency and because suppressive interactions are believed to be rare based on pairwise studies. Here, we quantify the effects of single-, double-, and triple-drug combinations from a set of 14 antibiotics and 3 bacteria strains, totaling 364 unique three-drug combinations per bacteria strain. We find that increasing the number of drugs can increase the prevalence of suppressive interactions: 17% of three-drug combinations are suppressive compared to 5% of two-drug combinations in this study. Most cases of suppression we find (97%) are “hidden” cases for which the triple-drug bacterial growth is less than the single-drug treatments but exceeds that of a pairwise combination. We find a surprising number of suppressive interactions in higher-order drug combinations. Without examining lower-order (pairwise) bacterial growth, emergent suppressive effects would be missed, potentially affecting our understanding of evolution of resistance and treatment strategies for resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that careful examination of the full factorial of drug combinations is needed to uncover suppressive interactions in higher-order combinations.
Conditions for Barrel and Clam-Shell Liquid Drops to Move on Bio-inspired Conical Wires.

It has been reported that, in a foggy environment, water drops with either barrel or clam-shell shapes are capable of self-running on conical wire-like structures, such as cactus spines, spider silk, and water striders’ legs. On the other hand, the corresponding moving mechanisms are still not quite understood. For instance, it is unclear under what conditions clam-shell drops would move from the tip towards the root on a conical wire. In this work, based on the balance of forces, we derive conditions for a drop to self-transport towards or away from the root. We find that, although barrel and clam-shell drops have different shapes, these conditions are applicable to both of them, which thus provide good guidelines for developing artificial fog collectors. Furthermore, based on the derived conditions, we interpret drop movements on both hydrophilic and hydrophobic wires, with the support of experimental results on cactus spines. Finally, our results indicate that not all the cacti are able to harvest water from fog.
How African American English-Speaking First Graders Segment and Rhyme Words and Nonwords with Final Consonant Clusters.

Purpose This study explored how typically developing 1st grade African American English (AAE) speakers differ from mainstream American English (MAE) speakers in the completion of 2 common phonologi...
Multifunctional Glucose-6-Phosphatase: A Critical Review

Glucose-6-phosphatase (D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.9) was reviewed in some detail in the first edition of this work (Nordlie and Jorgenson, 1976). Our intention here is to focus on recent developments since the literature search for that earlier chapter was completed. Accordingly, we attempt to consider here the literature concerning glucose-6-phosphatase which has appeared since 1975. The authors were pleased to note a renewed interest in this complex enzyme, worldwide, more than 150 papers on the subject having appeared in the past seven years. A detailed consideration of the contents of all these papers is impossible in this limited space; we have therefore chosen to allude to many of them through the use of tables. Most of these are straightforward, descriptive studies, the essence of which is included in tables along with the literature references.
The Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) of Idaho

Ecological and distributional data are presented for the 134 species, plus six subspecies, of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) known to occur in Idaho. Species recorded or confirmed for the first time in Idaho are Batyle ignicollis (Say), Brachysomida atra (LeConte), Brachysomida californica (LeConte), Callidium antennatum Casey, Callidium cicatricosum Mannerheim, Callidium hoppingi Linsley, Callimus cyanipennis (LeConte), Clytus canadensis Hopping, Haplidus testaceus LeConte, Hyperplatys aspersa (Say), Judolia gaurotoides (Casey), Leptalia macilenta (Mannerheim), Leptura plagifera LeConte, Megacyllene robiniae (Forster), Meriellum proteus (Kirby), Molorchus longicollis LeConte, Necydalis diversicollis diversicollis Schaeffer, Phymatodes dimidiatus (Kirby), Phymatodes hirtellus (LeConte), Phymatodes nigerrimus Van Dyke, Phymatodes nitidus LeConte, Phymatodes vilitatis Linsley, Poecilobrium chalybeum (LeConte), Saperda horni Joutel, Saperda tridentata (Olivier), Stenocorus nubifer (LeConte), Stenocorus vestitus (Haldeman), and Xylocrius agassizi (LeConte). New adult, larval, or flower host records are given for Cortodera subpilosa (LeConte), Gnathacmaeops pratensis (Laicharting), Grammoptera subargentata (Kirby), Judolia montivagans (Couper), Leptura propinqua Bland, Pseudogaurotina cressoni (Bland), and Trachysida aspersa (LeConte).
Sleep quality in individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer: Factors associated with sleep disturbance as patients transition off treatment.

OBJECTIVE To identify patient characteristics associated with sleep disturbance and worsening of sleep in individuals diagnosed with localized colorectal cancer and assess heterogeneity in these relationships. METHODS Data were from the MY-Health study, a community-based observational study of adults diagnosed with cancer. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® Sleep Disturbance, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Pain Interference measures were administered. Participants self-reported demographics, comorbidities, and treatment information. Regression mixture and multiple regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between sleep disturbance and patient characteristics cross-sectionally at an average of 10 months after diagnosis (n = 613) as well as change in sleep disturbance over a 6-month period (n = 361). RESULTS Pain, anxiety, fatigue, and the existence of multiple comorbid conditions had statistically significant relationships with sleep disturbance (B = 0.09, 0.22, 0.29, and 1.53, respectively; P < 0.05). Retirement (B = -2.49) was associated with sleep quality in the cross-sectional model. Worsening anxiety (B = 0.14) and fatigue (B = 0.20) were associated with worsening sleep disturbance, and more severe sleep disturbance 10 months after diagnosis (B = -0.21) was associated with improvement in sleep quality after diagnosis (P < 0.05). No evidence of latent subgroups of patients (heterogeneity) was present. CONCLUSIONS Pain, anxiety, fatigue, employment, and comorbid conditions were associated with sleep disturbance, but regression coefficients were small (< |2.5|). Results suggest that screening for anxiety, depression, fatigue, or pain is not sufficient for identifying sleep disturbance. Given the negative consequences of sleep disturbance, sleep disturbance screening may be warranted.
Disparities in Self-Reported Prenatal Counseling: Does Immigrant Status Matter?

Immigrant women face unique barriers to prenatal care access and patient-provider communication. Yet, few prior studies have examined U.S.-born/immigrant differences in the content of care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of immigrant status, English proficiency and race/ethnicity on the receipt of self-reported prenatal counseling using nationally representative data. We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N ≈ 8100). We investigated differences in self-reported prenatal counseling by immigrant status, English proficiency, and race/ethnicity using logistic regression. Counseling topics included diet, smoking, drinking, medication use, breastfeeding, baby development and early labor. In additional analyses, we separately examined these relationships among Hispanic, Mexican and Non-Hispanic (NH) Asian women. Neither immigrant status nor self-reported English proficiency was associated with prenatal counseling. However, we found that being interviewed in a language other than English language by ECLS-B surveyors was positively associated with counseling on smoking (OR, 2.599; 95% CI, 1.229–5.495) and fetal development (OR, 2.408; 95% CI, 1.052–5.507) among Asian women. Race/ethnicity was positively associated with counseling, particularly among NH black and Hispanic women. There is little evidence of systematic overall differences in self-reported prenatal counseling between U.S.-born and immigrant mothers. Future research should investigate disparities in pregnancy-related knowledge among racial/ethnic subgroups.
Where is the Coffee Shop in Art Education

(2006). Where is the Coffee Shop in Art Education? Art Education: Vol. 59, Searching and Seeking, pp. 4-4.
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Control of Morphology in Neurospora

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the nuclear and cytoplasmic control of morphology in Neurosporacrassa. The mechanism of control of the abn phenotype is closely related to the cytochrome pattern, which, in turn, is probably related to the overall metabolic pattern and to cell wall synthesis. There is no evidence of qualitative changes in cytochromes. As in yeast extra nuclear petites, the Neurosporaab n cytochrome pattern would seem to be under mitochondrial regulatory control. Whether this is via mitochondrial DNA controlling expression and repression of nuclear genes for cytochrome synthesis, controlling mitochondrial membranes, thereby affecting the uptake of cytochromes, or controlling mitochondrial structural proteins, thereby affecting the maintenance of the respiratory enzymes, cannot be decided. However, extra nuclear control of mitochondrial properties, probably through its DNA, is responsible for such cytoplasmic Neurospora mutants as poky, mi, and abnormal, and further definition and resolution of the control mechanisms involved will be both exciting and rewarding.
Robust Control of an Adaptive Optics System Using H ∞ Method

Adaptive optics systems are utilized in systems, which require the real-time correction of blurred images and have applications in astronomical imaging, free-space optical communications and high-energy laser beam guidance. This paper discusses the proposed design for an adaptive optics system that utilizes modern Ht8 control theory to optimize the design of this multivariable control system in terms of the stability and performance robustness of the overall system.
Animal Models of Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, and Cancer

Numerous lines of evidence indicate that insulin and its receptor regulate cell proliferation, survival and transformation, and thus, tumorigenesis [52]. Indeed, the fact that insulin has a potent tumor-promoting activity has been known for a long time. In wild-type animals, administration of exogenous insulin markedly enhances development of experimental breast and colon tumors [34, 68, 117]. In contrast, insulinopenia in animals with chemically-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in a significantly reduced tumor growth, which is restored after insulin administration [29, 67, 112, 113]. Moreover, intraportal implantation of pancreatic islets in rats with T1D creates an insulin-enriched microenvironment, which promotes hepatocarcinogenesis [43]. The aforementioned studies thus link insulin and cancer mechanistically, and indicate that insulin plays the role of both a tumor initiator and promoter.
Darwin's Illness: A Biopsychosocial Perspective

Throughout an illustrious scientific career, Charles Robert Darwin (1809–1882) suffered from a mysterious and disabling malady. The illness, which was characterized by depressed feelings and violent and uncomfortable cardiac palpitations, gastric upsets, and headaches, began shortly after Darwin returned from a five-year voyage to South America as the naturalist of the Beagle. One explanation for Darwin's symptoms is he suffered from Chagas’ disease as a result of being bitten by an insect common to South America. More psychodynamically oriented theorists speculate that Darwin s illness was an expression of repressed anger toward his father. Others have noted a familial vulnerability to the symptoms Darwin described. The author examines these theories and suggests that they all may have validity in explaining the mysterious illness of Charles Darwin.
Teenage Trauma Patients Are at Increased Risk for Readmission for Mental Diseases and Disorders

Abstract Background Most studies of readmission after trauma are limited to single institutions or single states. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for readmission after trauma for mental illness including readmissions to different hospitals across the United States. Materials and methods The Nationwide Readmission Database for 2013 and 2014 was queried for all patients aged 13 to 64 y with a nonelective admission for trauma and a nonelective readmission within 30 d. Multivariable logistic regression was performed for readmission for mental diseases and disorders. Results During the study period, 53,402 patients were readmitted within 30 d after trauma. The most common major diagnostic category on readmission was mental diseases and disorders (12.1%). The age group with the highest percentage of readmissions for mental diseases and disorders was 13 to 17 y (38%). On multivariable regression, the teenage group was also the most likely to be readmitted for mental diseases and disorders compared to 18-44 y (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, P Conclusions Teenage trauma patients are at increased risk for hospital readmission for mental illness. Efforts to reduce these admissions should be targeted toward individuals with high-risk comorbidities such as HIV infection, psychosis, and substance abuse.
Frontiers of cancer imaging and guided therapy using ultrasound, light, and microwaves

This review describes emerging techniques within the last 5 years that employ ultrasound for detecting and staging malignancy, tracking metastasis, and guiding treatment. Ultrasound elastography quantifies soft tissue elastic properties that change as a tumor grows and proliferates. Hybrid imaging modalities that combine ultrasound with light or microwave energy provide novel contrast for mapping blood oxygen saturation, transport of particles through lymphatic vessels and nodes, and real-time feedback for guiding needle biopsies. Combining these methods with smart nanoparticles and contrast agents further promotes new paradigms for cancer imaging and therapy.
Food or money? Children's brains respond differently to rewards regardless of weight status.

Background Brain responses to both food and monetary rewards have been linked to weight gain and obesity in adults, suggesting that general sensitivity to reward contributes to overeating. However, the relationship between brain reward response and body weight in children is unclear. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the brain's response to multiple rewards and the relationship to body weight in children. Methods We tested this by performing functional magnetic resonance imaging while children (7- to 11-years-old; healthy weight [n = 31], overweight/obese [n = 30]) played a modified card-guessing task to assess blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response to anticipating and winning food and money rewards. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analysed using a region of interest and exploratory whole-brain approach. Results Region of interest results demonstrated increased BOLD response in the striatum to anticipating food vs. neutral (control) and winning money vs. neutral. Whole-brain data showed that winning money vs. food was associated with increased activation in the striatum, as well as regions associated with cognitive control and emotion. Notably, for both approaches, these effects were independent of child weight status. Additionally, children's reported food responsiveness and emotional overeating were negatively correlated with the BOLD response in the left cingulate gyrus for winning food vs. money. Conclusion Overall, findings from this study show that regions associated with reward, cognitive control and emotion may play a role in the brain's response to food and money rewards, independently of how much the child weighs. These findings provide insight into reward sensitivity in children, which may have implications for understanding overeating and the development of obesity.
Medical Fitness for Day Care Surgery

As physicians, we are often requested to assess a patient prior to procedure. The purpose of a preoperative evaluation is to evaluate and to identify high risk patients before surgery. Better preparedness pre-operatively helps in faster recovery. It is important that the physician understand the risks associated with the planned surgery and should be able to relate these risks to the patient’s underlying acute and chronic medical problems.
The neuropsychological aspects of performance-based Internet navigation skills: A brief review of an emerging literature.

Objective: Over the last 20 years, the Internet has become a fundamental means by which many people with neurocognitive disorders manage their activities of daily living (e.g. shopping) and engage ...
Aurelius Cotta on Trial, Again?

This note revisits the issue of Scipio Aemilianus’ famous prosecution of L. Aurelius Cotta, cos. 144, and argues for a reconstruction and dating that is consistent with both Per. Oxy. 55 and the references in Cicero. The appendix suggests that scholars have misunderstood Appian BC 1.22 and Cicero Font. 38 and that Appian (and perhaps Cicero) refer to another trial, namely that of L. Aurelius Cotta, cos. 119.
1968 Mexico: constellations of freedom and democracy

Susana Draper’s newest book, 1968 Mexico: Constellations of Freedom and Democracy, contains vignettes about forgotten efforts to change the world through small-scale projects and democratic self-ru...
Raising the bar for mathematically gifted students through creativity-based mathematics instruction

Student ability to demonstrate mathematical creativity positively affects their mathematical learning. Further, creativity-based mathematical instruction (CBMI) may enhance divergent thinking and p...
18 – HEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses hemagglutination assay. Hemagglutination is the aggregation of red blood cells in the presence of hemagglutinating virus particles. This phenomenon is because of the presence of outer surface proteins on the hemagglutinating virus that recognize and attach to cellular surface receptors expressed by RBCs. The hemagglutination assay is one of the most common indirect methods for quantifying virus particles in suspension. In contrast to the ID50 assays, it does not give any measure of viral infectivity because viral replication is not required in this assay. The hemagglutination assay is usually done by endpoint titration. Serial two-fold dilutions of the virus suspension are mixed with a RBC suspension containing a known RBC concentration. For the phenomenon of HA to occur, a virion must attach simultaneously to two RBCs, creating a cross-bridge. At low virus concentrations, the amount of RBC cross-bridging is minimal and the RBCs fall to the bottom of the well, slide toward the center, and form a small, well-defined pellet. Within the virus dilution sequence a zone of equivalence should exist wherein the number of hemagglutinating particles just equals the number of RBCs. The particle to infectious unit ratio can generally be regarded as a measure of the probability with which a virus particle can establish a productive infection, or the degree of defectiveness of the virus population.
Partial orchiectomy vs. radical orchiectomy for pediatric testis tumors

While radical orchiectomy remains the gold standard for testicular cancer, partial orchiectomy has become a well-accepted organ-sparing approach for benign testicular tumors in pre-pubertal patients. The aims of testicular-sparing surgery include prevention of over-treatment, preservation of future hormonal and reproductive function, and provision of a durable cure. For pre-pubertal patients, who have a high likelihood of benign lesions, partial orchiectomy provides effective treatment, owing to the high reliability of scrotal ultrasound (US) and intraoperative frozen section. In adolescent and young adult patients, who are more likely to harbor malignant pathology, the role of partial orchiectomy is less clear. Testis-sparing surgery is being reported with greater frequency in the adult literature for small testicular masses and for situations in which radical orchiectomy would result in an anorchia. More recently, a testis-sparing approach has also been described for carefully-selected post-pubertal pediatric patients. This review will highlight the role of partial orchiectomy in pediatric patients (<18 years old).