cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beyond Intensity Oscillations

The decay in the oscillatory amplitude of diffraction intensity from an epitaxial growth front is due to the buildup of a multilevel step structure. This can occur as a result of kinetic limitations when the substrate temperature is sufficiently low or the deposition rate is very high so that thermal equilibrium cannot be ochieved during growth. Another mechanism that can lead to a multilevel growth front is the existence of a step edge barrier at the steps so that deposited atoms cannot diffuse "downward" at the step edge which leads to a mound like structure. In this paper we describe the characteristics of the diffraction intensity angular profile from the initial layer-by-layer structure to the final multilevel structure. A particular emphasis will be placed on the characteristics of the reciprocal space structure when the amplitude of the intensity oscillation decays to zero.
Infant anaphylaxis: the importance of early recognition

Anaphylaxis is an acute severe reaction involving multiple systems that results from a rapid release of inflammatory mediators. Patients with asthma and prior allergic reactions are at risk for anaphylaxis. Infants can present a special challenge, as the hallmark symptoms and signs of anaphylaxis may be mistaken as normal findings. These include drooling, vomiting or diarrhea, scratching, and drowsiness. The clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis are broad, as a result of it being a systemic response to an external agent. Among infants and children, there are often respiratory and cutaneous findings. There also can be subtle signs and symptoms, which can often be missed or the findings misinterpreted as normal for developmental age. The incidence of anaphylaxis has increased globally among children presenting with allergic reactions. Early recognition of the signs and symptoms is crucial to effective diagnosis and treatment. This is particularly true among infants 13 months of age or younger who are nonverbal and may have subtle signs and symptoms of a life-threatening reaction to allergens. The purpose of this article is to highlight the differential clinical presentations of young children with anaphylaxis.
The Wildfires of 1910: Climatology of an Extreme Early Twentieth-Century Event and Comparison with More Recent Extremes

During the summer of 1910 large wildfires occurred throughout the western United States, and especially in the northern Rocky Mountains. The “Great Idaho Fires” of 1910 alone burned about three million acres (~1.2 Mha)— an area that is approximately the size of Connecticut. Multiple fires ignited and coalesced, burning in forests of northern Idaho and western Montana including parts of the Bitterroot, Cabinet, Clearwater, Coeur d'Alene, Flathead, Kaniksu, Kootenai, Lewis and Clark, Lolo, and St. Joe National Forests. The firestorm burned for days in late August of 1910 and killed 87 people, including 78 firefighters. It is believed to be the largest, although not the deadliest, wildfire complex in recorded U.S. history. Here we show that highly anomalous weather preceded the conflagration in much of the West, including the occurrence of the warmest March on record for the contiguous United States (except March 2012). While the occurrence of very high winds greatly contributed to the fast spread of the wil...
Egg and Chick Fates During Tidal Flooding of Saltmarsh Sharp-Tailed Sparrow Nests

Abstract We determined nest attendance patterns of Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus) in Connecticut using temperature data-loggers. In this species, only females incubate and feed the young. Females maintained a stable thermal environment in their nests during incubation by modifying their attendance behavior in relation to ambient temperature; during cooler conditions, females made shorter, but more frequent, trips away from their nests to feed. Once eggs hatched, average nest temperature increased significantly. The data-loggers also recorded information on rare and unpredictable events, such as nest flooding, depredation, and fledging. Eggs and nestlings apparently tolerated nest inundation for periods averaging more than 90 min. Nestlings fledged from their nests soon after sunset on the flooding tide. Detailed insight into nest attendance behavior and the circumstances surrounding rare events such as flooding are especially important for this species of high conservation concern...
Battle over Science in Louisiana

Science is under attack around the country. Tennessee, Florida, Texas, Alabama, and Louisiana are just some of the states where science is attacked by their respective legislatures each session. In each state, opponents of science continually attempt to redefine science. They claim that the current definition of science, that is “[t]he use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process” (National Academy of Sciences 2008:10), is inadequate. While I acknowledge that there is discussion on what the exact definition of science should be, there is a considerable amount of agreement that science can only address natural phenomena. These attacks on evolution and now human-induced global warming are just representative of the real agenda: to allow supernatural explanations into the definition of science. The opponents of science fail to understand the potential impacts of their campaign. Their efforts won’t affect only the current generation; instead, their antics could very well guarantee that generations of citizens will remain ignorant of the process of scientific inquiry and the benefits that it can bring.
Double-heterojunction crystalline silicon solar cell with electron-selective TiO2 cathode contact fabricated at 100°C with open-circuit voltage of 640 mV

A double-heterojunction c-Si solar cell was fabricated at maximum process temperature of 100°C. We demonstrate an electron-selective passivated contact to Si using TiO2, which increased the open-circuit voltage by 45 mV compared to a device with a direct metal to n-type substrate contact. In the fabricated structure, PEDOT/Si replaced the front-side p-n junction of conventional Si-based solar cells while the Si/TiO2 interface is formed on the back-side. Compared to previous work [1], the VOC has increased from 620 to 640 mV while maintaining a maximum process temperature of 100°C. Critical to the improved performance is better passivation of the Si/TiO2 interface. The increase in VOC can be attributed to an interface recombination velocity of ∼ 75 cm/s, which is consistent with photoconductance decay measurements.
III - Axial Head

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the anatomic section of axial head. The inferior surface of the maxillary alveolar ridge is made irregular by the tooth sockets. In this section, only the portions of the alveolar ridge between the tooth sockets are seen. On the medial side of the mandibular ramus is a curvilinear opening, the mandibular foramen. The mandibular canal originates in the mandibular foramen and runs forward in the body of the mandible to end anteriorly at the mental foramen. The mandibular canal transmits the inferior alveolar vessels and nerves. The alveolar ridge is interrupted by air spaces, which are the alveolar extensions of the maxillary antrum. The medial surface of the ramus of the mandible is indented by the mandibular foramen. This section of the first cervical vertebra is immediately superior to the vertebral foramen and through the vertebral groove. In the midline at the anterior margin of the maxillary alveolar ridge is a bony prominence that marks the intermaxillary suture. More of the alveolar ridge is pneumatized by the alveolar process of the maxillary antrum than on the previous section. Posteromedial to the posterior end of the alveolar ridge is a small spicule of bone, which is the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid. The pyramidal process of the palatine bone lies between the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid. The pyramidal process forms the inferior portion of the anterior wall of the pterygoid fossa. The pterygoid fossa is the space between the medial and lateral pterygoid plates.
The Case Against the Tax Deductibility of FCA Relator Fees

The False Claims Act (FCA) imposes severe penalties on those who commit fraud against the federal government. The statute currently requires violators to pay treble damages plus a statutory penalty of five to ten thousand dollars per violation. The goal of the statute is to deter fraud by setting punitive damages at a high level. However, the tax law, as currently interpreted by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), blunts the force of the statute by allowing a violator to deduct a portion of an FCA damages award as a business expense. Specifically, Treasury regulations allow for the deductibility of any portion of an FCA settlement or damages award that is paid to the whistleblower, known as the “relator,” who brings suit under the FCA for the alleged fraud. This Note argues that, for reasons of efficiency and equity, the IRS should change its current position and disallow relator fee deductions.
Techniques in Teaching Statistics: Linking Research Production and Research Use

In the spirit of closing the “research-practice gap,” the authors extend evidencebased principles to statistics instruction in social science graduate education.1 The authors employ a Delphi method...
Response of Multi-Story Structures to Earthquake

Behavior of multistory buildings responding to strong earthquake ground motion has been computed by high-speed digital computer; response curves and tables and data on effects of certain structural parameters on response are presented.
It Is Waves, Not Strains

“The Four Horsemen of Terrorism: It's Not Waves, It's Strains” asks some useful questions, but its critique of the Wave Theory is wholly inadequate and the “Strain Theory” alternative has little ut...
Applications of Microwave Treatment of Hazardous Wastes: a) Non-Volatile Organics; b) Heavy Metals

This laboratory is characterizing the mechanisms underlying the potential applications of microwave treatment to the remediation of hazardous waste streams under an Environmental Protection Agency Basic Research grant. Applications that have been investigated encompass the following processes(1-14): volatilization of organics from substrates; ‘chemical fixation’ of non-volatile organics in substrates; ‘chemical fixation’ of heavy metals in substrates; kinetics of decomposition of organics in the gas phase using fixed and ‘lossy’ beds. To-date the work has been carried out on a bench-scale level. Pilot plant studies are now beginning. This paper will focus on studies carried out on non-volatile organics and heavy metals, specifically, chromium.
Medical Therapy for Renovascular Hypertension: A Review

Abstract Early medical treatment of renovascular hypertension with diuretics, vasodilators, and centrally acting agents was disappointing, with extended control of blood pressure achieved in only about 40% of patients treated. beta-Adrenergic blockers promised some improvement, but a high failure rate was still apparent. Because converting-enzyme inhibition appeared promising in early studies, we reviewed and analyzed the records of 269 patients with documented renovascular hypertension who were treated with captopril in worldwide trials. Captopril produced complete control of blood pressure in 74% of patients assessed at three months and partial control in an additional 8%. Thirteen percent of patients were discontinued for side effects that occurred, in part, due to the aggressive early captopril-dosing regimen. The drug was clearly ineffective in only 5% of patients. Progressive renal failure sufficient to warrant discontinuation of treatment occurred in only 5% of patients, generally in association with bilateral disease or a solitary kidney. Diagnostic and treatment issues are discussed. Medical therapy with a converting-enzyme inhibitor represents a viable alternative in selected patients with renovascular hypertension, especially those in whom there is a contraindication to surgery or angioplasty.
Model Reduction Based on Partial Block Controllability Matrix and Its Error Analysis

For the single input and single output linear system,a new method of approximately aggregated model reduction is presented by using the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a partial block controllability matrix as an aggregation matrix.Two aggregated order reduction models are presented firstly under the condition that the system is controllable and uncontrollable,and then a unique least error reduced model is integrated no matter whether the system is controllable or not.A simple method is deduced to compute the errors of all order reduced models,which are the distances from some known vectors to some certain subspaces.The errors of all order reduced models can be used as a model reduced order selection criterion and according to this the best order reduced model can be chosen easily.Some examples are shown to verify the validity and feasibility of this method.
Reoperation of Failed Prosthetic Replacement for Limb Salvage

During the past decade, advances in preoperative imaging, adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, artificial implant design, and surgical techniques have greatly stimulated the enthusiasm for limb salvage for carefully selected patients with malignancy [1–6]. The early results of the use of custom-made prostheses were encouraging, in spite of certain residual problems [5–8]. The purpose of this study was to critically review the results after reoperation for failed initial prosthetic replacement or for other nonimplant-related complications after tumor resectionand to identify the main problems for future improvement of surgical technique, implant design, and postoperative patient management.
Association of obesity with cytogenetic risk in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

7055 Background: Obesity, body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, is a risk factor for several malignancies. Prospective studies have reported a positive association between obesity and adult leukemia. The association between obesity and AML cytogenetic risk groups is unknown. We therefore evaluated a cohort of 295 AML patients with confirmed cytogenetics analysis diagnosed and treated at Mayo Clinic Florida and Arizona since 1995. Methods: Documented patient characteristics including height and weight, past medical history, medications, cytogenetics, treatments, and outcomes regarding their diagnosis of AML were extracted from a central electronic medical record. Standard cytogenetic risk categories (including intermediate abnormal) were applied. The association of obesity with cytogenetic risk was evaluated on multivariable analysis using logistic regression models. Results: The median BMI was 26.9 kg/m2 (range 16.9-59.9). 82 patients (28%) in the evaluated cohort were obese. On multivariable analysis obesity ...
Yeast strain development for extracellular enzyme production.

The utilization of microbially derived enzymes in a wide spectrum of industrial processes is well established. The advent of breakthroughs in the molecular biology of nucleic acids, as well as steady progress in the fields of genetics, physiology, and biochemical engineering, has provided the basis for a rapid expansion of processes based on microbial enzymes. Starch-degrading enzymes are produced by an extremely broad spectrum of microorganisms. Microbial sources and the characteristics of the enzymes involved are the subject of an excellent and extensive review by W. M. Fogarty. The purification and general characteristics of the amylolytic enzymes from a number of yeasts have been reported, allowing a number of similarities and differences to emerge. To directly screen yeasts for amylolytic activity, J. Augustin et al. used the technique of growing strains on a medium partially consisting of epichlorhydrincross-linked amylose.
Dynamic User Modeling within a Game-Based ITS.

Intelligent tutoring systems are adaptive learning environments designed to support individualized instruction. The adaptation embedded within these systems is often guided by user models that represent one or more aspects of students’ domain knowledge, actions, or performance. The proposed project focuses on the development and testing of user models within the iSTART-2 intelligent tutoring system, which will be informed by dynamic methodologies and data mining techniques. My previous work has used post hoc dynamic methodologies to quantify optimal and in-optimal learning behaviors within the game-based system, iSTART-2. I plan to build upon this work by conducting dynamical analyses in real-time to inform the user models embedded within iSTART-2. I am seeking advice and feedback on the statistical methods and feature selection that should included within the new dynamic user model. The implications of this approach for both iSTART-2 and the EDM field are discussed.
Mining Software Component Interactions to Detect Security Threats at the Architectural Level

Conventional security mechanisms at network, host, and source code levels are no longer sufficient in detecting and responding to increasingly dynamic and sophisticated cyber threats today. Detecting anomalous behavior at the architectural level can help better explain the intent of the threat and strengthen overall system security posture. To that end, we present a framework that mines software component interactions from system execution history and applies a detection algorithm to identify anomalous behavior. The framework uses unsupervised learning at runtime, can perform fast anomaly detection "on the fly", and can quickly adapt to system load fluctuations and user behavior shifts. Our evaluation of the approach against a real Emergency Deployment System has demonstrated very promising results, showing the framework can effectively detect covert attacks, including insider threats, that may be easily missed by traditional intrusion detection methods.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following elevated mean arterial pressures for cervical spinal cord injury.

Background: Increasing the mean arterial pressure (MAP) is an accepted treatment modality to minimize the risk for irreversible neurologic damage secondary to spinal cord ischemia. Posterior revers...
Critical Latinx Indigeneities: A paradigm drift

This essay analyzes the multilayered causes for the recent migration from Honduras of Garifuna mothers and their children in search of political asylum in the United States, including tourist development, dispossession, and drug related violence. Their migration patterns challenge the presumptions and boundaries of three booming research areas in ethnic studies: prison studies, settler colonial studies, and migration studies. Garifuna mothers and children are members of an internationally recognized group of Afro-indigenous peoples, and their detention in the US prison system challenges the identitarian boundaries of each of these research fields in productive ways that help us, as scholars and activists, analyze and confront the multilayered and devastating violence in Central America and expand the basis for the claims for asylum by these most recent immigrants arriving in the United States. Rather than offer yet another new area of study, this essay seeks to integrate ethnic studies in necessary ways.
SAW assisted domain wall motion in Co/Pt multilayers

The motion of domain walls in thin ferromagnetic films is of both fundamental and technological interest. In particular, the ability to use drivers other than magnetic fields to control the positions of domain walls could be exciting for memory applications. Here, we show that high frequency dynamic strain produced by surface acoustic waves is an efficient driver of magnetic domain walls in ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy. A standing surface acoustic wave of resonant frequency 96.6 MHz increases the domain wall velocities in thin films of [Co/Pt]n by an order of magnitude compared to magnetic fields alone. This effect is highly resonant, effectively ruling out thermal effects, and the velocity shows distinct variations in the domain wall velocity at the nodes and antinodes of the standing wave. The data indicate that standing strain waves can drive the domain wall motion from the creep to the flow regime as the amplitude increases. Hence, strain waves could provide an alternative route to rapid domain wall motion.The motion of domain walls in thin ferromagnetic films is of both fundamental and technological interest. In particular, the ability to use drivers other than magnetic fields to control the positions of domain walls could be exciting for memory applications. Here, we show that high frequency dynamic strain produced by surface acoustic waves is an efficient driver of magnetic domain walls in ferromagnetic films with perpendicular anisotropy. A standing surface acoustic wave of resonant frequency 96.6 MHz increases the domain wall velocities in thin films of [Co/Pt]n by an order of magnitude compared to magnetic fields alone. This effect is highly resonant, effectively ruling out thermal effects, and the velocity shows distinct variations in the domain wall velocity at the nodes and antinodes of the standing wave. The data indicate that standing strain waves can drive the domain wall motion from the creep to the flow regime as the amplitude increases. Hence, strain waves could provide an alternative route t...
Identifying opportunities to advance practice at a large academic medical center using the ASHP Ambulatory Care Self-Assessment Tool.

Purpose The use of the ASHP Ambulatory Care Self-Assessment Tool to advance pharmacy practice at 8 ambulatory care clinics of a large academic medical center is described. Summary The ASHP Ambulatory Care Self-Assessment Tool was developed to help ambulatory care pharmacists assess how their current practices align with the ASHP Practice Advancement Initiative. The Henry Ford Hospital Ambulatory Care Advisory Group (ACAG) opted to use the “Practitioner Track” sections of the tool to assess pharmacy practices within each of 8 ambulatory care clinics individually. The responses to self-assessment items were then compiled and discussed by ACAG members. The group identified best practices and ways to implement action items to advance ambulatory care practice throughout the institution. Three recommended action items were common to most clinics: (1) identify and evaluate solutions to deliver financially viable services, (2) develop technology to improve patient care, and (3) optimize the role of pharmacy technicians and support personnel. The ACAG leadership met with pharmacy administrators to discuss how action items that were both feasible and deemed likely to have a medium-to-high impact aligned with departmental goals and used this information to develop an ambulatory care strategic plan. This process informed and enabled initiatives to advance ambulatory care pharmacy practice within the system. Conclusion The ASHP Ambulatory Care Self-Assessment Tool was useful in identifying opportunities for practice advancement in a large academic medical center.
Anterior vaginal suspension for vaginal vault prolapse

Vaginal prolapse may occur following hysterectomy or may evolve with the uterus in place. Current treatment options for vaginal prolapse have a limited success rate or are associated with significant morbidity. In this retrospective review, we present our experience with a new procedure for repair of vaginal prolapse. This technique relies on anterior suspension of the vaginal vault to the anterior rectus sheath in a fashion similar to bladder neck suspension. Forty patients have undergone this procedure. All patients had vaginal prolapse, cystocele, and urinary incontinence. In addition, 34 patients had enterocele, six had uterine prolapse, 33 had rectocele, and two had urethral diverticula. All patients had anterior vaginal suspension (AVS), with cystocele repair and bladder neck suspension. Six patients had vaginal hysterectomy, 34 had enterocele repair, 33 had rectocele repair, and two had urethral diverticulectomy. The mean hospital stay was 2.5 days (range, 1-7 days), and their mean follow-up was 30 months (range, 12-54 months). Thirty-six (90%) patients have excellent support of the vagina with no evidence of recurrent cystocele, enterocele, or rectocele. Four (10%) patients have recurrent enterocele. Thirty-three (82.5%) patients are dry or have rare episodes of urinary incontinence (less than one episode/month), whereas four (10%) patients have recurrent stress incontinence and three (7.5%) have urge incontinence. Constipation and fecal incontinence were resolved in all patients. All patients who were sexually active preoperatively remained so postoperatively, and none reported dyspareunea. Vaginogram in 10 patients demonstrated that posterior angulation of the vaginal axis was retained in all patients. AVS is associated with an excellent success rate in terms of resolution of symptoms and correction of prolapse. Morbidity is minimal, and hospital stay is short. The technique is simple and relies on anatomy that is familiar to all urologists. In addition, the vaginal approach allows for simultaneous correction of all components of vaginal prolapse and any associated vaginal pathology.
Basic Theory of Simple Adaptive Control

The basic direct model reference adaptive controllers are developed in this chapter. To this effect, Sections 2.1 and 2.2 discuss basic model-following concepts. Of importance is the development in Section. 2.2 of the output model-following control algorithms, which subsequently serve as the basis for the adaptation procedures.
"Healthy Sexuality": Opposing Forces? Autism and Dating, Romance, and Sexuality in the Mainstream Media

Autism and romance occupy a space of discomfort in mainstream media conversation. Employing post-structuralist textual analysis, I explore themes arising from mainstream media representations of autism and dating, sexuality, and romance through eleven feature articles from major American newspapers. The United States mainstream media applies a medical model lens to autism, associates immaturity and a lack of empathy with autistic people, and positions autistic sexuality as disruptive and dangerous. Because autistic sexuality representation counters conventional concepts of romance, autism and romance are positioned as opposing forces. The mainstream media portrays autistic people who date through supercrip narratives. Rather than showing the vast diversity of autism communities, mainstream news articles present autistic people through a heterosexualized, gendered, and whitewashed lens. As a disability studies scholar and autistic writer, I advocate for mainstream news coverage that takes a social model approach to autism, incorporates multiple identities, and provides accurate reflections of autistic people as loving adults, as well as disability rights activism that addresses underlying sexual ableism in American society.
Conclusion: Toward a Transmodern Pluriverse

Chapter 7, Towards a Transmodern Pluriverse, discusses how Enrique Dussel’s ethics of liberation actively promotes a worldwide intercultural philosophical dialogue. These South-South as well as North-South dialogues, are inspired by the decolonizing efforts of a diversity of liberatory projects. The chapter examines the idea of a planetary humanism aimed at building a pluriversal transmodern world, a world in which all peoples can live and grow in community, with mutual respect for cultural diversity, and in harmony with Mother Earth.
The use of fungal entomopathogens as endophytes in biological control: a review.

Fungal entomopathogens have been proposed as environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical control. Unfortunately, their effectiveness continues to be limited by their susceptibility to ultravi...
Effect of Inorganic Nitrite vs Placebo on Exercise Capacity Among Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The INDIE-HFpEF Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance There are few effective treatments for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Short-term administration of inorganic nitrite or nitrate preparations has been shown to enhance nitric oxide signaling, which may improve aerobic capacity in HFpEF. Objective To determine the effect of 4 weeks’ administration of inhaled, nebulized inorganic nitrite on exercise capacity in HFpEF. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-treatment, crossover trial of 105 patients with HFpEF. Participants were enrolled from July 22, 2016, to September 12, 2017, at 17 US sites, with final date of follow-up of January 2, 2018. Interventions Inorganic nitrite or placebo administered via micronebulizer device. During each 6-week phase of the crossover study, participants received no study drug for 2 weeks (baseline/washout) followed by study drug (nitrite or placebo) at 46 mg 3 times a day for 1 week followed by 80 mg 3 times a day for 3 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was peak oxygen consumption (mL/kg/min). Secondary end points included daily activity levels assessed by accelerometry, health status as assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (score range, 0-100, with higher scores reflecting better quality of life), functional class, cardiac filling pressures assessed by echocardiography, N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels, other exercise indices, adverse events, and tolerability. Outcomes were assessed after treatment for 4 weeks. Results Among 105 patients who were randomized (median age, 68 years; 56% women), 98 (93%) completed the trial. During the nitrite phase, there was no significant difference in mean peak oxygen consumption as compared with the placebo phase (13.5 vs 13.7 mL/kg/min; difference, −0.20 [95% CI, −0.56 to 0.16];P = .27). There were no significant between–treatment phase differences in daily activity levels (5497 vs 5503 accelerometry units; difference, −15 [95% CI, −264 to 234];P = .91), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (62.6 vs 61.9; difference, 1.1 [95% CI, −1.4 to 3.5];P = .39), functional class (2.5 vs 2.5; difference, 0.1 [95% CI, −0.1 to 0.2];P = .43), echocardiographic E/e′ ratio (16.4 vs 16.6; difference, 0.1 [95% CI, −1.2 to 1.3];P = .93), or N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide levels (520 vs 533 pg/mL; difference, 11 [95% CI, −53 to 75];P = .74). Worsening heart failure occurred in 3 participants (2.9%) during the nitrite phase and 8 (7.6%) during the placebo phase. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with HFpEF, administration of inhaled inorganic nitrite for 4 weeks, compared with placebo, did not result in significant improvement in exercise capacity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02742129
Impact of Additives on Heterogeneous Crystallization of Acetaminophen

Introducing foreign substrates or additives is the common way to regulate polymorphism or kinetics of crystallization. Most present studies consider the substrate factor and additive factor separately. Here, the interplay between the additive, crystallizing molecules, and the substrate was investigated. Acetaminophen (APAP) was used as the model compound. 5 wt.% dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), poly(acrylic) acid (PAA), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were employed as additives. The interfacial crystal growth rate of APAP in the presence of additives was studied between slides coated with chitosan (CS) film. The crystallization kinetics of the additive/APAP mixture on CS substrate was also investigated. The additive/APAP was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the interfacial molecular interaction was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the additive-substrate interaction can change the interfacial growth behavior observed in the additive-APAP binary system. Nevertheless, crystallizing without confinement, the additive-APAP interaction is more effective at controlling the crystallization of APAP, and the substrates did not have much effect.
Primary Surgery Versus Organ Preservation in Advanced Laryngeal Cancer

Over 4500 North Americans will be affected by advanced laryngeal cancer in 2018. As cancer treatments have progressed, treatment paradigms have shifted from “survival at all costs” to “survival with maximum functional and quality of life outcomes.” Treatment options range from organ preservation with chemo-radiation therapy (CRT) to total laryngectomy (TL) with adjuvant RT. The question is: which treatment options offers the optimal balance between cure, function and quality of life?
Risk Factors for Continuation of Atypical Antipsychotics at Hospital Discharge in Two Intensive Care Unit Cohorts

Introduction:Atypical antipsychotics are frequently initiated in the intensive care unit (ICU) to treat delirium. Many patients continue on these agents at hospital discharge despite a lack of data...
Cholesterol reducer and thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients

Specific clinical risk factors may contribute to improving or worsening neurological functions in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients pre-treated with a combined cholesterol reducer and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) therapy. In this study, clinical risk factors associated with good or poor presenting neurological symptoms in ischemic stroke patients with prior cholesterol reducer use, specifically a statin and rtPA therapy was investigated. Retrospective data for baseline clinical and demographic data for patients with AIS taking cholesterol reducers prior to rtPA treatment from January 2010 to June 2016 in a regional stroke center was analyzed. Improving (NIHSS score ≤ 7) or worsening (NIHSS score > 7) of neurologic functions were the determined measures of treatment outcome. Multivariate logistic regression models identified demographic and clinical factors associated with worsening or improving neurologic functions. Adjusted multivariate analysis showed that in an AIS population with a combined rtPA and cholesterol reducer medication history, increasing age (OR = 1.032, 95% CI, 1.015–1.048, P < 0.001) and atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.859, 95% CI, 1.098–3.149, P = 0.021) demonstrated a likely association with worsening neurologic functions, while direct admission (OR = 0.411, 95% CI, 0.246–0.686, P = 0.001) and being Caucasian (OR = 0.496, 95% CI, 0.297–0.827, P = 0.007) showed an association with improving or progressing neurologic functions. A prior cholesterol reducer, namely a statin, plus rtPA combination may be associated with worsening neurological function for elderly AIS patients with atrial fibrillation, while Caucasians directly admitted to a neurology unit are more likely to show an association with progress or improvements in neurologic functions. While combining statin with rtPA treatment may facilitate worsening neurologic functions in elderly AIS patients with atrial fibrillation, they should not be denied of this therapy. The decision to combine statin and rtPA for AIS patients with atrial fibrillation can be done after clinical stabilization following appropriate clinical management.
Chapter 18 Human guinea-pigs: Mellanby, Pappworth and Club Regulation

Educators naturally gravitate towards horror stories and scandals from the bad old days, to instill vigilance in their students, even as they silently underline the virtues of whatever is currently deemed acceptable. However, some of the deepest lessons that history can teach are revealed not by events so scandalous that they outraged people in the past, but by the very things that people in the past accepted as unremarkable (spittoons, or “Whites only” signs, for example) but which we today we find laughable, disgusting or otherwise unacceptable. One reason for reissuing old books is to allow readers to rediscover the foreign country that is our past and to become pupils willing to learn from it. With this in mind I ask readers to join me in exploring three books bearing the titles Human guinea-pigs, and Human Guinea Pigs that were published in Britain between 1945 and 1973, i.e., before and during the transition between an older, now obsolete understanding of the ethics of research on humans, and a newer conception, adumbrated in the 1947 Nuremberg Code, made practicable for researchers after the World Medical Association (WMA) published its 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, and later refined and consolidated in 1979–1982, when a US Congressional commission issued its Belmont Report (National Commission for the Protection of Human Subject of Biomedical and Behavioral Research 1978), and the Counsel of International Organizations of Medical Sciences-World Health Organization (CIOMS-WHO) began issuing its International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (2016).
Gender and Small Contributions: Fundraising by the Democratic Freshman Class of 2018 in the 2020 Election

The 2018 House midterm elections were notable for the number of female candidates who ran and for the extraordinary sums of campaign funds these candidates raised. Both were fueled by the women’s marches of 2017 and 2018, the #MeToo movement, and intense opposition to Trump (Adkins and Dulio 2020; Herrnson et al. 2020; Jacobson 2019). In this paper, we explore the intersection of these two phenomena. We show that non-incumbent Democrats, particularly women, running in U.S. House races in 2018 were especially successful raising small donations. Examining preliminary data for the 2019–20 cycle, we then show that the new Democratic freshmen elected in 2018—now incumbents—have sustained their small-dollar fundraising efforts, with women again outpacing men. We conclude by discussing the extent to which heightened reliance on small donations may mark a durable shift in fundraising practices and if so, how such a shift might impact the future politics of the House.
“Jokko Sa faami” (“get onboard if you understand”): language, online media, and political consciousness within Mauritania’s Halpulaar community

Despite the extensive marginalization of the Pulaar language within Mauritanian national society, Pulaar speakers have taken advantage of digital media spaces to enact a vibrant sphere of communica...
Abstract 16063: Demographic Differences in the Burden of Heart Failure Attributable to Obesity-Associated Metabolic Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background: The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes among those with obesity varies by age, sex, race and socioeconomic status (SES) and is associated with increased heart failure...
STOCHASTIC SOLUTIONS OF A CLASS OF HIGHER ORDER CAUCHY PROBLEMS IN ℝd

We study solutions of a class of higher order partial differential equations in bounded domains. These partial differential equations appeared first time in the papers of Allouba and Zheng [4], Baeumer, Meerschaert and Nane [10], Meerschaert, Nane and Vellaisamy [37], and Nane [42]. We express the solutions by subordinating a killed Markov process by a hitting time of a stable subordinator of index 0 < β < 1, or by the absolute value of a symmetric α-stable process with 0 < α ≤ 2, independent of the Markov process. In some special cases we represent the solutions by running composition of k independent Brownian motions, called k-iterated Brownian motion for an integer k ≥ 2. We make use of a connection between fractional-time diffusions and higher order partial differential equations established first by Allouba and Zheng [4] and later extended in several directions by Baeumer, Meerschaert and Nane [10].
Picochlorum celeri as a model system for robust outdoor algal growth in seawater.

With fast growth rates, broad halotolerance and the ability to thrive at high temperatures, algae in the genus Picochlorum are emerging as promising biomass producers. Recently, we isolated a remarkably productive strain, Picochlorum celeri, that attains > 40 g m-2 day-1 productivities using simulated outdoor light. To test outdoor productivities, Picochlorum celeri was cultivated in 820 L raceway ponds at the Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation. Picochlorum celeri demonstrated the highest outdoor biomass productivities reported to date at this testbed averaging ~ 31 g m-2 day-1 over four months with a monthly (August) high of ~ 36 g m-2 day-1. Several single day productivities were > 40 g m-2 day-1. Importantly for sustainability, Picochlorum celeri achieved these productivities in saline water ranging from seawater to 50 parts per thousand sea salts, without any biocides or pond crashes, for over 143 days. Lastly, we report robust genetic engineering tools for future strain improvements.
P137. Trajectories of PROMIS physical function, pain interference, and spine legacy measures in 24 months following lumbar spine surgery

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) tools offer alternatives to legacy outcome measures. The National Institutes of Health Task Force on Research Standards for Chronic Low Back Pain has encouraged use of PROMIS domains. Recent study findings suggest PROMIS tools may be appropriate for long-term outcome assessment in spine surgery populations. However, the dissemination of PROMIS into clinical practice has been limited and more work showing longitudinal congruence between PROMIS and spine legacy measures may increase adoption of PROMIS measures to assess patient reported outcomes. PURPOSE To compare the trajectory of patient reported outcomes (PROs) as reported by PROMIS to other legacy measures of disability and pain over time. To better understand the timelines for healing in patients with different lumbar procedures, we reported the outcome trajectories of laminectomy decompression with fusion vs without fusion. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial comparing postoperative cognitive-behavioral based physical therapy (n=124) and an education program (n=124). PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 248 patients were included. Of them, 164 (66%) patients had laminectomy with fusion and 84 (34%) had laminectomy without fusion. OUTCOME MEASURES PROMIS CAT Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference (PI); Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Numeric Rating Scale leg (NRS-LP) and back pain (NRS-BP), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). METHODS Participants completed PROs preoperatively, 6 weeks, 6-, 12-, and 24-months after surgery. Mean scores were plotted at each time point for all outcomes and patients were stratified by fusion status. T-scores were reported for PROMIS measures which are standardized with a mean of 50 (SD=10). Pearson's correlations across measures were done within each timepoint. RESULTS The general pattern of trajectories for all outcomes showed significant improvements from preop to 6-weeks (p CONCLUSIONS PROMIS PF and PI showed similar 24-month trajectories to ODI, NRS pain measures, and BPI following lumbar spine surgery with most change occurring in the first 6 months. Fusion patients tend to have slightly worse scores than decompression at 6 weeks but both groups have similar scores by 6 months postoperatively and remain similar through 24 months. These results support the use of PROMIS measures to assess outcomes in a degenerative spine population. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Filter selection criteria for the discrimination of strongly overlapping chemical spectra

Increasing the selectivity of sensors, while at the same time reducing their complexity, size and cost, are challenges to the sensing community. To this end, an area of exploration has been the development of filter-based chemical sensors. We have recently introduced an approach that utilizes multiple, broadband, infrared (IR) filters to enable discrimination of target chemicals, in the presence of potential interferents that have IR spectral signatures in a limited waveband. Our analysis technique, comparative discrimination spectral detection (CDSD), utilizes a set of broad IR transmission filters, to discriminate between a specific target chemical and multiple interferents with strongly overlapping IR spectra. We have demonstrated the ability of this technique to correctly distinguish between chemicals in the carbon – hydrogen stretch region of the IR absorption spectrum (2700 – 3300 cm-1; 3.0 – 3.7 μm). We present a numerical study exploring the choices of desired optical filter sets, and the resulting overall discrimination by these filter sets. Filter parameter choices, such as the peak transmission position and bandwidth, are fundamental in filter-based chemical sensing discrimination systems. In this paper, we describe a systematic numerical approach used to explore how optical filter properties, and filter overlap affect corresponding discrimination results. We describe the interaction between the overlapping spectra and various filter sets on both target and interferent chemicals. We discuss which filter parameters provide optimum selectivity for specific target chemicals and how this information can be utilized to select filters for future direct-filter sensors based on this methodology.
Iterative speech enhancement with spectral constraints

A new and improved iterative speech enhancement technique based on spectral constraints is presented in this paper. The iterative technique, originally formulated by Lim and Oppenheim, attempts to solve for the maximum likelihood estimate of a speech waveform in additive white noise. The new approach applies inter- and intra-frame spectral constraints to ensure convergence to reasonable values and hence improve speech quality. An extremely efficient technique for applying these constraints is in the use of line spectral pair (LSP) coefficients. The inter-frame constraints ensures more speech-like formant trajectories than those found in the unconstrained approach. Results from speech degraded by additive white Gaussian noise show noticeable quality improvement.
Getting the most out of personas for product usability enhancements

In User-Centered Design, there is always the need to precisely define the user attributes, so that the product can be designed based on the patterns of these attributes. The methods of user definitions include quantitative segmentation analysis, as well as qualitative research on the patterns of user behaviors. Because these attributes are often complicated and abstract, researchers may have difficulty communicating these patterns to other team members.
Incoherent scatter radar‐FAST satellite common volume observations of upflow‐to‐outflow conversion

Incoherent scatter radar measurements from the Sondrestrom Research Facility and the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar have been combined with all-sky images, polar convection measurements, and FAST particle and field measurements to quantify the contribution of different magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes to the extraction efficiency of ions from the ionosphere. Upflowing ions are traced from their source vertically and horizontally to determine where and when they are likely to intersect the acceleration region observed by FAST. The duration and location of auroral emissions are used to estimate the size and duration of the acceleration region. The upflow-to-outflow efficiency is estimated for three periods of polar cap boundary intensifications and streamers during substorm recovery and steady magnetospheric convection. The extraction efficiency of conics ranges between 0.1%, for the lowest amplitude of broadband extremely low frequency waves, and 5%, for the highest-amplitude waves sampled. Simultaneous measurements of all-sky images and magnetic field-aligned radar measurements show that the most intense ion upflux occurs adjacent to the boundary of intense electron precipitation characteristic of polar cap boundary intensifications and streamers, suggesting that the most efficient acceleration mechanisms couple ionospheric heating at F region altitude with dispersive Alfven waves that grow from horizontal gradients in electric field and conductivity.