cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE: THE TRIAL OF MADELEINE SMITH AND COLLINS'S THE LAW AND THE LADY

“A trial and a literary text,” Shoshana Felman once noted, “do not aim at the same kind of conclusion, nor do they strive toward the same kind of effect. A trial is presumed to be a search for truth, but technically it is a search for a decision; and thus. . . it seeks not truth but finality: a force of resolution.” Literature, on the other hand, Felman posits, is characterized by “a search for meaning. . . for heightened significance, for symbolic understanding” (Felman 55). Trials function to curb the proliferation of meanings in favor of finality, if not absolute truth, whereas literature allegedly forgoes such determinacy. A corollary of this distinction has to do with language itself: while law seeks to fix linguistic meaning, literature draws attention to the inherent instability of meaning.
A perspective on high-order methods in computational fluid dynamics

There has been an intensive international effort to develop high-order Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods into design tools in aerospace engineering during the last one and half decades. These methods offer the potential to significantly improve solution accuracy and efficiency for vortex dominated turbulent flows. Enough progresses have been made in algorithm development, mesh generation and parallel computing that these methods are on the verge of being applied in a production design environment. Since many review papers have been written on the subject, I decide to offer a personal perspective on the state-of-the-art in high-order CFD methods and the challenges that must be overcome.
Insecticidal and Antifeedant Activity of Neriifolin Against Codling Moth, Striped Cucumber Beetle, and Japanese Beetle

Neriifolin, a known cardiotonic glycoside isolated from seeds of the yellow oleander, Thevetia thevetioides (HBK.) K. Schum, was active both as a toxicant and feeding deterrent to the stnped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in laboratory and greenhouse studies. Protection of treated cantaloupe plants from feeding beetles was afforded for 7 days, and application through the roots indicated a systemic action. Against the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), neriifolin retarded growth and caused greater than 70% mortality of insects when fed diet treated with 3 ppm as neonate larvae. Effectiveness extended into the F1 generation, causing decreased oviposition and egg hatch at all concentrations tested. It also acted as a contact toxicant with 100% mortality at dosages greater than 50 mg/ml on young larvae. Neriifolin provided protection for 5 days on soybeans acting as a feeding deterrent against the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae).
Ceramic Fiber Coating by a Non-Aqueous Sol-Gel Process

Thin coatings of Al2O3, and Y2O3, have been prepared on desized Nicalon yarn. The layers were deposited by dip coating in homogeneous, alcohol solutions of partially hydrolyzed metal alkoxides. The coating thicknesses could be controlled by multiple dipping. The uniformity of the coatings was affected by the alkoxide concentration. Solutions containing greater than 1 wt % equivalent oxide resulted in oxide bridging the void between the fibers. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies on alumina coatings formed by dip coating 300 mesh nickel grids, have shown that either eta or gamma alumina is formed after heating at temperatures as low as 700 °C. The rate of grain growth increases as the temperature increases. In addition, increased grain growth is observed for films produced from solutions with higher water:metal ratios. The strength of coated fibers heat treated in air after coating has been determined. Alumina, and yttria coatings reduce the strength of the fiber after heating at temperatures above 900 °C. Scanning Auger analysis suggests that the coating is reacting with the fiber at these high temperatures.
Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors modulate sleep state and breathing in fetal sheep

This study was designed to determine the adenosine (Ado) receptor subtype that mediates the depressant effects of Ado on fetal breathing and rapid eye movements (REM). In chronically catheterized f...
Applications of Group Theory for the Determination of Molecular Structure

The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate with examples taken from the literature the usefulness of group theory in solving problems of molecular structure. In many cases the spectroscopic method of determining molecular structure is far from unequivocal. However, at the least, very important inferences can be drawn by means of this method. As always, it remains for the experimenter to substantiate his conclusions by using a more conclusive method—perhaps X-ray, electron, or neutron diffraction techniques. The importance of the spectroscopic method is readily apparent, however, where the situation is such that diffraction techniques are not possible.
Self-reports of information seeking: Is social desirability in play?

ABSTRACTSocial desirability, the likelihood of individuals to overreport behaviors they perceive to be approved by others, is often cited as a limitation in research but rarely controlled in a systematic manner. Social desirability can influence self-reported behaviors (e.g., voting behavior) and communication variables (e.g., argumentativeness). Information seeking may be susceptible to the effects of social desirability as knowledge and information are generally desired, and thus may be prone to overreporting. This article presents results from two online, information-seeking tracking studies investigating the influence of social desirability on self-reported information seeking. Participants indicated how much time they actually spent seeking information on a website. Unbeknownst to participants, their website use was being tracked using Google Analytics. This article compares actual time spent seeking information to reported information-seeking time. Results suggest that participants overreport inform...
Circus disaster: Case report, response, and review of injuries.

Circus acts with human artists performing acrobatic feats are a popular spectator pastime in the United States and in international venues. There is little data in the literature regarding injuries sustained during circus acts. Some injuries are minor, but others can be serious, or even fatal. This article describes a recent circus disaster, a review of the relevant literature, and an analysis of the disaster response .
The Inpatient Burden of Autoimmune Blistering Disease in US Children: Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample Data

Little is known about the epidemiology of pediatric autoimmune blistering disorders (PAIBD). We sought to determine the inpatient burden and comorbidities of PAIBD. We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2012, which contained a representative 20% sample of all US hospitalizations. The most common PAIBD with a primary admission was pemphigus (8.0 per million), whereas the most common secondary diagnosis of PAIBD was dermatitis herpetiformis (DH; 9.6 per million). Bullous pemphigoid (BP) was inversely associated with being female and having government or no insurance but positively associated with Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity and more chronic conditions. Pemphigus was associated with being female, Hispanic, having government or no insurance, and having a higher number of chronic conditions. DH was inversely associated with non-White race but positively associated with having government insurance and more chronic conditions. BP was associated with dialysis, hypertension, and diabetes. Pemphigus was associated with osteoarthritis, renal failure, hypothyroidism, and weight loss. DH was associated with herpes simplex virus infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and fungal, viral, and other skin infections. PAIBD are associated with a considerable inpatient burden and comorbid health conditions.
Who’s at-risk? A case study of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of census tracts experiencing predatory and abusive mortgage lending in Philadelphia

Abstract Predatory lending and abusive practices arose as a serious danger by increasing the threat of foreclosure and bankruptcy and decreasing the equity accumulated in a housing unit, reducing many of the economic benefits of homeownership. This article describes the characteristics of areas who likely suffered from abusive mortgage lending using Census data, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, and publicly recorded mortgage data. A proxy measure of predatory lending is developed based on the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and state anti-predatory lending regulations, and represents excessively leveraged properties. Discriminant analysis is used to distinguish between areas with these highly leveraged properties and other parts of the City of Philadelphia. The residuals are mapped to evaluate the spatial dimension of the discriminant models across the city. This examination of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics informs efforts to mitigate the consequences and prevent future occurrences of both predatory lending and other manifestations of inequality by viewing it as a spatial and neighborhood phenomenon.
Sex recognition by electric cues in a sound-producing mormyrid fish, pollimyrus isidori

This paper evaluates the role of electric cues in the sex recognition behavior of an African electric fish, Pollimyrus isidori, during courtship behavior observed in the laboratory.
Trading Youth for Citizenship? The Spousal Age Gap in Cross‐Border Marriages

Prior studies concerning patterns of intermarriage among immigrants have primarily focused on how factors such as race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and country of origin shape the choice of a spouse. Moreover, they have focused on intermarriage patterns among immigrants who are already in the US. Using the 2010-2014 American Community Survey (ACS), we focus on immigrants who were not US citizens at the time of their marriage and highlight patterns of status exchange, specifically, the exchange of youth for citizenship. Towards this end, we compare the age gap between spouses across four different groups of respondents: 1) non-citizens married to a citizen before or upon arrival to the US; 2) non-citizens married to a citizen after arrival to the US; 3) non-citizens married to a non-citizen before or upon arrival to the US; and 4) non-citizens married to a non-citizen after arrival in the US. We document the fact that a large fraction of marriages between citizens and non-citizens occurred before or upon arrival to the US. We also provide evidence that immigrants who migrate to the US after marrying a US citizen, particularly women, tend to be partnered with much older spouses, signaling an exchange of youth for citizenship.
Sustainable Urbanism: Creating Resilient Communities in the Age of Peak Oil and Climate Destabilization

Peak oil and climate destabilization are combining in this century to create a perfect storm which threatens the human prospect now and for all future time. This chapter surveys four scenarios for the future as we face this crisis of crises: (1) civilizational collapse, (2) sustainable enclaves for the wealthy, (3) urban deconstruction and re-ruralization, and (4) a meta-industrial society comprised of resilient cities and sustainable bioregions. While all four scenarios are likely to be simultaneously present in the decades ahead, it is argued that only the meta-industrial vision is capable of inspiring the thought and action necessary for us to change our direction and respond creatively and effectively to the great challenges of our time. Based on the principles of tolerance and cooperative community and supported by the intelligent use of environmentally and humanly appropriate technology, the meta-industrial society is comprised of resilient and sustainable human settlements. The characteristics of resilient and sustainable cities are defined and illustrated by a case study of the sustainable urban district of Kronsberg (Hannover), Germany.
Pharmacotherapy of mood disorders and psychosis in pre- and post-natal women

Untreated mood and psychotic disorders can have substantial adverse impacts on the patient, the fetus and the family, while treatment can ameliorate such problems. To address concerns by clinicians about the risks of psychotropic medications, this review addresses the risk/benefit analysis of somatic therapies for psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and lactation. Areas covered: All available research was reviewed on the impact on pregnancy and breastfeeding of mood and psychotic disorders, and of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotic drugs, and electroconvulsive therapy. References cited in other reviews, case series, formal studies, pharmacologic discussions, and theoretical pieces were added. Available case control and other studies were critically reviewed and diverse explanations for their findings were considered. Expert opinion: The potential benefits of treatment of mood and psychotic disorders often outweigh the risks after alternative therapies have been considered. Some medications, particularly paroxetine and valproate, pose greater risks during pregnancy, while the teratogenic risks of lithium have probably been overstated. There is more experience with first than with second generation antipsychotic drugs during pregnancy and lactation. Nursing an infant is possible while taking a number of antidepressants, mood stabilizers or antipsychotic drugs.
Evaluation of parameters affecting switchgrass tissue culture: toward a consolidated procedure for Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum )

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a robust perennial C4-type grass, has been evaluated and designated as a model bioenergy crop by the U.S. DOE and USDA. Conventional breeding of switchgrass biomass is difficult because it displays self-incompatible hindrance. Therefore, direct genetic modifications of switchgrass have been considered the more effective approach to tailor switchgrass with traits of interest. Successful transformations have demonstrated increased biomass yields, reduction in the recalcitrance of cell walls and enhanced saccharification efficiency. Several tissue culture protocols have been previously described to produce transgenic switchgrass lines using different nutrient-based media, co-cultivation approaches, and antibiotic strengths for selection. After evaluating the published protocols, we consolidated these approaches and optimized the process to develop a more efficient protocol for producing transgenic switchgrass. First, seed sterilization was optimized, which led to a 20% increase in yield of induced calluses. Second, we have selected a N6 macronutrient/B5 micronutrient (NB)-based medium for callus induction from mature seeds of the Alamo cultivar, and chose a Murashige and Skoog-based medium to regenerate both Type I and Type II calluses. Third, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was adopted that resulted in 50–100% positive regenerated transformants after three rounds (2 weeks/round) of selection with antibiotic. Genomic DNA PCR, RT-PCR, Southern blot, visualization of the red fluorescent protein and histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining were conducted to confirm the positive switchgrass transformants. The optimized methods developed here provide an improved strategy to promote the production and selection of callus and generation of transgenic switchgrass lines. The process for switchgrass transformation has been evaluated and consolidated to devise an improved approach for transgenic switchgrass production. With the optimization of seed sterilization, callus induction, and regeneration steps, a reliable and effective protocol is established to facilitate switchgrass engineering.
A Formative Evaluation of Two FASD Prevention Communication Strategies.

Aims To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of placing FASD prevention messages in the women's restrooms of establishments serving alcohol in Alaska and the Yukon, regions with high rates of FASD. Methods Our team placed an FASD educational poster, and posters affixed to a pregnancy test dispenser, in women's restrooms of bars and restaurants. We compared drinking behaviors and knowledge and beliefs about FASD among participants at baseline and at follow-up. Results Respondents consisted of 2132 women who completed a baseline survey and 1182 women who completed both a baseline and a follow-up survey. Women in both groups showed improvement in knowledge of FASD; the dispenser group scored higher than participants in the poster group on the FASD Health Belief questions at both baseline and follow-up. Forty-three women learned they were pregnant from our pregnancy tests and alcohol consumption among pregnant women was lower at follow-up than at baseline. Conclusions FASD prevention messages, particularly paired with pregnancy test dispensers, in the women's restrooms of establishments that serve alcohol can effectively promote informed alcohol consumption decisions among women who are, or may become, pregnant. Short summary In this FASD prevention feasibility study, we found that FASD prevention messages, particularly paired with pregnancy test dispensers, placed in the women's restrooms of establishments that serve alcohol can effectively promote informed alcohol consumption decisions among women who are, or may become, pregnant.
Comorbidity effect on speed of recovery after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background Comorbidities have been shown to affect rotator cuff healing and postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of comorbidities on speed of recovery (SOR) and overall outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). Methods We identified 627 patients who underwent primary arthroscopic RCR from 2006 to 2015. Measured motion and patient-reported outcome measures for pain and function were analyzed for preoperative, 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year intervals. Subgroup analysis of overall outcome and plateau in maximum improvement was performed for diabetes, smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and age. Results Diabetic patients had worse pain (visual analog scale for pain) and functional outcome (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons function, Simple Shoulder Test, visual analog scale for function, and elevation) scores at 6 months and 1 year ( P P Conclusion After arthroscopic RCR, SOR for pain outpaced that for function and motion. Diabetic patients had worse outcomes and earlier plateau points. Earlier plateaus were seen for smokers and for motion in patients with obesity or hypercholesterolemia. Obese patients showed lower functional scores and external rotation. Age did not significantly influence SOR.
The Utility of a Benign Biliary Stricture Protocol in Preventing Symptomatic Recurrence and Surgical Revision

Abstract Purpose To determine whether treating benign biliary strictures via a stricture protocol reduced the probability of developing symptomatic recurrence and requiring surgical revision compared to nonprotocol treatment. Materials and Methods A stricture protocol was designed to include serial upsizing of internal/external biliary drainage catheters to a target maximum dilation of 18-French, optional cholangioplasty at each upsizing, and maintenance of the largest catheter for at least 6 months. Patients were included in this retrospective analysis if they underwent biliary ductal dilation at a single institution from 2005 to 2016. Forty-two patients were included, 25 women and 17 men, with an average age of 51.9 years (standard deviation ± 14.6). Logistic regression models were used to determine the probability of symptomatic recurrence and surgical revision by stricture treatment type. Results Twenty-two patients received nonprotocol treatment, while 20 received treatment on a stricture protocol. After treatment, 7 (32%) patients in the nonprotocol group experienced clinical or laboratory recurrence of a benign stricture, whereas only 1 patient in the stricture protocol group experienced symptom recurrence. Patients in the protocol group were 8.9 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–175.3) more likely to remain symptom free than patients in the nonprotocol group. Moreover, patients in the protocol group had an estimated 89% reduction in the probability of undergoing surgical revision compared to patients receiving nonprotocol treatment (odds ratio = .11, 95% CI = .01–.73). Conclusions Establishing a stricture protocol may decrease the risk of stricture recurrence and the need for surgical revision when compared to a nonprotocol treatment approach.
Purification, Characterization, and Expression of CFTR Nucleotide-Binding Domains

The nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) within CFTR were initially predicted to lie in the cell cytoplasm, and to gate anion permeability through a pore that was present in membrane spanning α helices of the overall polypeptide. Our studies designed to characterize CFTR suggest several important features of the isolated nucleotide binding domain. NBD-1 appears to bind nucleotides with similar affinity to the full-length CFTR protein. In solution, the domain contains a high β sheet content and self-associates into ordered polymers with molecular mass greater than 300,000 Daltons. The domain is very lipophilic, disrupts liposomes, and readily enters the planar lipid bilayer. Clinically important mutations in the domain may disrupt the nucleotide binding capabilities of the protein, either through a direct effect on the nucleotide binding site, or through effects that influence the overall folding of the domain in vitro. Finally, after expression in human epithelial cells (including epithelial cells from a CF patient), the first nucleotide binding domain targets the plasma membrane even in the absence of other constituents of full-length CFTR and mediates anion permeability in these cells.
Donald Turner, Vertical Restraints, and the Inhospitality Tradition of Antitrust

Donald Turner famously said that he approached territorial and customer restraints on distribution “not hospitably, in the tradition of the common law, but inhospitably, in the tradition of antitrust law.” That statement has become emblematic to many commentators of a crude approach to non-price vertical restraints that improperly considered them per se illegal, denying businesses and consumers the benefits of pro-competitive practices. Turner, however, was more hospitable toward such restraints than his remark suggests. In each of the three most important Supreme Court cases that dealt with non-price vertical restraints—White Motor, Schwinn, and Sylvania—Turner argued for rule of reason treatment because he believed the restraints could be pro-competitive. His work as an academic, a policy maker, and an advocate over the course of more than fifteen years helped move the Court and antitrust enforcers toward the rule of reason. His work also illustrates the way in which Turner influenced the evolution of antitrust more generally by infusing it with economics, tempered by an appreciation of the practical difficulties of administering the law. This approach to antitrust led Turner to advocate for the use of presumptions grounded in economics to give structure to the rule of reason, anticipating later commentary on the “limits” of antitrust.
Biomechanical Characterization of Murine Pulmonary Arteries

The biomechanical properties of the major pulmonary arteries play critical roles in normal physiology as well as in diverse pathophysiologies and clinical interventions. Importantly, advances in medical imaging enable simulations of pulmonary hemodynamics, but such models cannot reach their full potential until they are informed with region-specific material properties. In this paper, we present passive and active biaxial biomechanical data for the right and left main pulmonary arteries from wild-type mice. We also evaluate the suitability of a four-fiber family constitutive model as a descriptor of the passive behavior. Despite regional differences in size, the biaxial mechanical properties, including passive stiffness and elastic energy storage, the biaxial wall stresses at in vivo pressures, and the overall contractile capacity in response to smooth muscle cell stimulation under in vivo conditions are remarkably similar between the right and left branches. The proposed methods and results can serve as baseline protocols and measurements for future biaxial experiments on murine models of pulmonary pathologies, and the constitutive model can inform computational models of normal pulmonary growth and remodeling. Our use of consistent experimental protocols and data analyses can also facilitate comparative studies in health and disease across the systemic and pulmonary circulations as well as studies seeking to understand remodeling in surgeries such as the Fontan procedure, which involves different types of vessels.
Abstract P136: Comparison of Pharmacy Refill Data With Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) in Assessing Non-Adherence to Cardiovascular Drugs in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension

Pharmacy refill data are frequently used to screen for medication non-adherence in clinical practice but its accuracy has not been validated against therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients wi...
Miller Fisher syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome: dual intervention rehabilitation of a complex patient case

Purpose: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) presents with acute peripheral neuropathy leading to ascending motor and sensory deficits. Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a GBS variant, is characterized by op...
Sleep quality, occupational factors, and psychomotor vigilance performance in the U.S. Navy sailors.

Study objectives This field study (a) assessed sleep quality of sailors on the U.S. Navy (USN) ships while underway, (b) investigated whether the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were affected by occupational factors and sleep attributes, and (c) assessed whether the PSQI could predict impaired psychomotor vigilance performance. Methods Longitudinal field assessment of fit-for-duty USN sailors performing their underway duties (N = 944, 79.0% males, median age 26 years). Participants completed questionnaires, wore actigraphs, completed logs, and performed the wrist-worn 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Results Sailors slept on average 6.60 ± 1.01 h/day with 86.9% splitting their sleep into more than one episode/day. The median PSQI Global score was 8 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5); 80.4% of the population were classified as "poor sleepers" with PSQI scores >5. PSQI scores were affected by sailor occupational group, rank, daily sleep duration, and number of sleep episodes/day. Sleep quality showed a U-shape association with daily sleep duration due to the confounding effect of split sleep. Sailors with PSQI scores >9 had 21.1% slower reaction times (p 9. Sailors in the PSQI > 9 group had more pronounced split sleep. Conclusions Working on Navy ships is associated with elevated PSQI scores, a high incidence of poor sleep, and degraded psychomotor vigilance performance. The widely used PSQI score>5 criterion should be further validated in active-duty service member populations.
O-018 Seizure prophylaxis in unruptured aneurysm repair: a randomized controlled trial

Introduction Prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are often prescribed for seizure prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). We aimed to evaluate the benefit of prophylactic AEDs in patients undergoing surgical repair of UIAs. Methods We randomly assigned eligible patients undergoing surgical repair of UIAs to receive levetiracetam for seven days post-operatively or standard care alone. The primary outcome was the evaluation of seizures in the perioperative period (within 4 weeks). We also evaluated seizure occurrence throughout follow-up and assessed functional outcomes using the modified Rankin scale score (mRS). Results 35 patients were randomized to the ‘no levetiracetam’ group and 41 patients were randomized to receive levetiracetam. The two study groups had similar overall baseline characteristics and the surgical complication rate was similar for both groups (P=0.8). One patient in the ‘no levetiracetam’ group had a seizure in the perioperative period versus 2 patients in the group randomized to receive levetiracetam (2.9% vs 4.9%, respectively, P=1.00). No patients in the ‘no levetiracetam’ group had any additional late seizures (mean follow-up of 20.4 months), but three patients in the levetiracetam group had late seizures during follow-up (mean follow-up of 19.1 months) (0% vs 7.3%, P=0.2). mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days and at the latest follow-up were similar between the two groups (P=1.00). Conclusions Perioperative seizure prophylaxis with levetiracetam does not reduce the rate of seizures as compared to controls in patients undergoing surgical repair of UIAs. Disclosures B. Daou: None. K. Holste: None. G. Palmateer: None. B. Thompson: None. C. Lint: None. J. Elenbaas: None. C. Maher: None. A. Pandey: None.
Biophilic Urbanism: Designing Resilient Communities for the Future

Biophilic Urbanism provides readers with the tools to create more nature-based urban environments that are climate positive, sustainable, and healthy. The principles of biophilia are intended to support appreciation and direct engagement with nature, to responsibly utilize on-site natural resources, and to plan according to climatic conditions and local ecological processes. It seeks to create resilient and equitable human places capable of providing critical life-support functions and a strong sense of community, and to foster experiences that raise the human spirit creating a sense of awe. Twenty-five pattern attributes are defined and explored, each of which contributes to these goals. Because of the dire necessity to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, Biophilic Urbanism includes discussion of our need for connections, both to nature and one another, and the physical characteristics of cities and buildings relative to the contagious qualities of the air-borne virus. Case studies, found throughout the world, are presented illustrating detailed biophilic planning and design strategies. The book will be of use to practitioners and students in the fields of natural and social sciences, behavioral science and psychology, environmental engineering, health and wellness professionals, architecture, landscape architecture, interior architecture, and planning.
Response to ovulation induction treatments in women with polycystic ovary syndrome as a function of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels.

To assess whether anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) can predict response to ovulation induction (OI) with clomiphene citrate (CC), letrozole (LET), or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing OI/intrauterine inseminations (IUI). A total of 738 OI/IUI cycles from 242 patients at an academic center were stratified in three groups by medication: CC (n = 295), LET (n = 180), and FSH (n = 263), in a retrospective fashion. Ovarian response to treatment (RT, development of at least one dominant follicle) was assessed using mixed effects logistic regression models. Overall, RT cycles had lower AMH levels compared to no-RT cycles (p < 0.001). This finding persisted when analysis was limited to oral agents but attenuated in FSH cycles. For CC and LET cycles, the predicted probability (PProb) for RT decreased as AMH levels increased (PProb (95%CI): 97% (93–100), 79% (70–88), and 75% (61–89); 85% (78–93), 75% (67–83), and 73% (63–86) for AMH pct.: ≤ 25th, ≥ 50th, and ≥ 75th, for CC and LET, respectively)). However, RT was noted in 98.5% of FSH/IUI cycles regardless of AMH. For CC cycles, those with AMH ≥ 75th pct. had lower odds for RT over cycles with AMH < 75th pct. (OR 0.2, 95%CI 0.04–0.8, p = 0.02). Similarly, lower odds for RT were observed in LET cycles with AMH ≥ 75th pct. (0.6, 0.3–1.4, p = 0.25). In PCOS, increasing serum AMH levels are associated with lower probability of RT to oral agents. Our findings constitute a valuable tool for the clinician when counseling PCOS patients and designing a personalized ovulation induction treatment strategy.
Experimental respiratory exposure to putative Gulf War toxins promotes persistent alveolar macrophage recruitment and pulmonary inflammation.

Abstract Aims Respiratory disorders are a prominent component of Gulf War Illness. Although much of the underlying mechanisms of Gulf War Illness remain undefined, chronic immune dysfunction is a consistent feature of this multi-symptomatic, multi-organ disorder. Alveolar macrophages represent the predominant mononuclear phagocytes of the pulmonary mucosa, orchestrating the host response to pathogens and environmental stimuli. Herein, we sought to characterize the innate immune response of the pulmonary mucosa, with a focus on macrophages, to experimental respiratory exposure to two putative Gulf War Toxins (GWTs). Materials and methods Utilizing commercially available instrumentation, we evaluated the effect of aerosolized exposure to the pesticide malathion and diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on the immune composition and inflammatory response of the lung in FVB/N mice using multiparametric spectral cytometry, cytokine analysis, and histology. Key findings Aerosolized GWTs induced gross pulmonary pathology with transient recruitment of neutrophils and sustained accumulation of alveolar macrophages to the lung for up to two weeks after exposure cessation. High-dimensional cytometry and unbiased computational analysis identified novel myeloid subsets recruited to the lung post-exposure driven by an influx of peripheral monocyte-derived progenitors. DEP and malathion, either alone or in combination, induced soluble mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage indicative of oxidative stress (PGF2α), inflammation (LTB4, TNFα, IL-12), and immunosuppression (IL-10), that were sustained or increased two weeks after exposures concluded. Significance These findings indicate that macrophage accumulation and pulmonary inflammation induced by GWTs continue in the absence of toxin exposure and may contribute to the immunopathology of respiratory Gulf War Illness.
Utilizing Service Learning to Advance Public Health Messaging in Oklahoma

Research Objectives 1) To identify the need for continued public health messaging to promote mask-wearing in the state of Oklahoma during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2) To value the importance of future health professionals embracing the role of promoting public health measures Design A service-learning project was instituted, including student-led research into health promotion measures to decrease the risk of viral spread, rates of spread in Oklahoma, and interactions with a physical therapist currently working with individuals with COVID 19 in the ICU to give students real-world examples of severity. Students took information garnered to educate their peers about the importance of mask-wearing. Setting University setting. Participants First-year Physical Therapy students (N=14). Interventions Peer education in the importance of mask-wearing to decrease transmission of COVID-19. Main Outcome Measures Students submitted journals recounting their experience with the project and the challenges with educating a public that is resistant to mask-wearing. Results Students reported the interactions with the PT working with COVID-19 in the ICU improved their personal understanding of the severity of COVID-19 and increased their awareness of the potential sequella of the disease process. Students reported the activity enhanced their desire to promote public health as future physical therapists. Conclusions Interactions with health professionals working on the front-lines of a pandemic may be beneficial to future health professionals in shaping their desire to promote public health measures. Author(s) Disclosures None.
Monitoring and Diagnostic Approaches for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is one of the leading causes of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Given the high prevalence and poor survival of SSc-PAH, and that aggressive management of mild disease may be associated with better outcomes, screening is critical. Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of PAH, and should be performed in those patients in whom this diagnosis is suspected. Once a diagnosis of PAH is confirmed by RHC, treatment with PAH-specific therapies should be initiated as soon as possible.
Utility-based data-gathering in wireless sensor networks with unstable links

Traditional utility-based data-gathering models consider the maximization of the gathered information and the minimization of energy consumption in WSNs with reliable channels. In this paper, we extend the model to include retransmissions caused by link failure to improve network utility. The challenge lies in balancing two competing factors: energy loss (and hence utility) through retransmissions and increased reliability (and hence utility) through retransmissions. We adopt a utility-based metric proposed in our previous work [9] and show the NP-hardness of the problem, regardless of the number of source sensors. We design several approximation heuristics for either case and compare their performances through simulation. We also study the impact of retransmissions on the maximization of network utility. Extensive simulations through a customized simulator are conducted to verify our results.
Force Sensing Optimization and Applications

Piezoresistance is commonly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems for transducing force, pressure and acceleration. Silicon piezoresistors can be fabricated using ion implantation, diffusion or epitaxy and are widely used for their low cost and electronic readout. However, the design of piezoresistive cantilevers is not a straightforward problem due to coupling between the design parameters, constraints, process conditions and performance. Here we discuss the equations and design principles for piezoresistive cantilevers, and present results from cantilevers and systems that we have developed for probing, mechanics studies and sensing, especially for low stiffness or large bandwidth applications.
Characterizing the 410 km discontinuity low-velocity layer beneath the LA RISTRA array in the North American southwest

[1] Receiver functions recorded by the 54-station 920 km long Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere–Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Colorado Plateau/Rio Grande Rift Seismic Transect Experiment (LA RISTRA) line array display a pervasive negative polarity P to S conversion (Pds) arrival preceding the positive polarity 410 km discontinuity arrival. These arrivals are modeled as a low-velocity layer atop the 410 km discontinuity (410-LVL) and are inverted for a velocity profile via a grid search using a five-parameter linear gradient velocity model. Model parameter likelihood and correlations are assessed via calculation of one- and two-dimensional marginal posterior probability distributions. The maximum likelihood model parameter values found are top velocity gradient thickness of 0.0 km with a 4.6% (−0.22 km/s) shear velocity reduction, a 19.8 km constant velocity layer, and bottom gradient thickness of 25.0 km with a 3.5% (+0.17 km/s) shear velocity increase. The estimated mean thickness of the 410-LVL is 32.3 km. The top gradient of the 410-LVL is sharp within vertical resolution limits of P to S conversion (<10 km), and the diffuse 410 km velocity gradient is consistent with hydration of the olivine-wadsleyite phase transformation. The 410-LVL is interpreted as a melt layer created by the Transition Zone Water Filter model. Two secondary observations are found: (1) the 410-LVL is absent from the SE end of the array and (2) an intermittent negative polarity P525s arrival is observed. We speculate that upper mantle shear velocity anomalies above the 410 km discontinuity may manifest Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities nucleated from the 410-LVL melt layer that are being shed upward on time scales of tens of millions of years.
Recognizing risks and potential promise of germline engineering

The consequences of mitochondrial DNA manipulation are unknown, but sufferers of some diseases might benefit.
Detection of bacteraemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals.

Summary Reasons for performing the study Neonatal sepsis is a common problem in foals and is a primary cause of death in the post natal period. Transient bacteraemia and subsequent host responses have not been described in the equine neonate. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to determine if transient bacteraemia occurs in foals within the first 72 h of life. Additional objectives included description of bacterial organisms associated with transient bacteraemia and concurrent cytokine gene expression in healthy foals. Study design Prospective observational study in healthy foals. Methods Blood was aseptically collected for bacterial culture from observed spontaneously born foals at birth and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h following birth. Samples taken at birth, 4, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h were analysed for interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1) cytokine gene expression quantified by RT-PCR. Results Bacteria were cultured from 9 of 70 samples submitted for blood culture. The positive samples were from 4 of the 7 foals, all of which remained healthy throughout and subsequent to the study. All positive blood cultures were from blood samples obtained at 12 h of age or earlier and IL-10 elevation coincided with positive blood cultures in healthy foals. Cytokine gene expression fluctuated with age. Conclusions Positive blood cultures suggest transient bacteraemia may occur in healthy foals early in the post natal period. Age corrected normal values may be necessary to interpret cytokine concentration in diseased populations.
Characterization of mammalian translation initiation factor 5 (eIF-5). Demonstration that eIF-5 is a phosphoprotein and is present in cells as a single molecular form of apparent M(r) 58,000.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF-5) promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the 40 S initiation complex (40 S.mRNA.Met-tRNA(f).eIF-2.GTP). Using assays that measure (a) the release of 32Pi from [gamma-32P]GTP bound to the 40 S initiation complex and (b) the eIF-5-dependent formation of an 80 S initiation complex from a preformed 40 S initiation complex containing bound [35S]Met-tRNA(f), we devised a novel and rapid procedure for purifying eIF-5 from rabbit reticulocyte lysates in high yield. Highly purified eIF-5 is a monomeric protein with a M(r) of about 58,000. However, in partially purified preparations, 58-kDa eIF-5 is associated with other cellular protein(s) and sediments in glycerol gradient centrifugation as a protein of M(r) approximately 160,000. Chicken antibodies to native eIF-5 were isolated from egg yolks of laying hens immunized with rabbit reticulocyte eIF-5. 35S-Labeled eIF-5, isolated from rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells using affinity-purified anti-eIF-5 antibodies, also has an apparent M(r) of 58,000. eIF-5 immunoprecipitated from extracts of 32P-labeled GH3 cells was phosphorylated on serine residues. Phosphopeptide mapping revealed two major sites of phosphorylation, which are distinct from rabbit reticulocyte eIF-5 sites phosphorylated in vitro by casein kinase II. These results demonstrate that eIF-5 is a phosphoprotein that is present in cells as a single molecular form of apparent molecular weight 58,000.
The Evolution of Complexity in Apple Darwin: A Common Coupling Point of View

Common coupling increases the interdependencies between software modules. It should be avoided if possible. In previous work, we presented two types of categorization of common coupling, one is for single-kernel-based software, one is for multi-kernel-based-software. In this paper, we analyze the relationships between these two types of categorization and apply them to study the evolution of the complexity of Apple Darwin. The same conclusion about Darwin’s evolution is drawn based on the two types of categorization of common coupling: From version XNU-517 to version XNU-792, Darwin has restructured to reduce the number of diculty-inducing high category (level) global variables in order to reduce the system complexity. However, due to the definition-use dependencies, the complexity of Darwin induced by global variables has increased from version XNU-517 to version XNU-792.
CB₁-independent mechanisms of Δ⁹-THCV, AM251 and SR141716 (rimonabant).

Summary What is known and Objective: The potential beneficial therapeutic effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists or partial agonists have driven drug discovery and development efforts and have led to clinical candidates. It is generally assumed that these compounds are CB1‘selective’ and produce their effects exclusively via CB1 receptors. Methods: A literature search was conducted of preclinical publications containing information about non-CB1 receptor pharmacology of these agents. The information was summarized and evaluated from the perspective of contribution to a fuller understanding of this aspect of these compounds. Results and Discussion: A number of recent studies have revealed that these compounds have CB1-independent pharmacological actions. We highlight the evidence regarding effects produced in cells lacking CB1 receptors, effects on neuronal membranes from CB1 receptor-deficient mutant KO ‘knockout’ mice and affinity for μ-opioid receptors. What is new and Conclusion: CB1‘selective’ antagonists and partial agonists have been studied for their anorexigenic and other potential therapeutic uses. An awareness of CB1-independent mechanism(s) of these agents might contribute to a better understanding of the pharmacologic and toxicologic profiles of these agents.
Planning for the Next Century or the Next Week, Whichever Comes First

This is a story about an imaginary faculty meeting at an imaginary law school. The imaginary faculty discusses imaginary strategic planning mandated by an imaginary university president.
Large-scale training of SVMs with automata kernels

This paper presents a novel application of automata algorithms to machine learning. It introduces the first optimization solution for support vector machines used with sequence kernels that is purely based on weighted automata and transducer algorithms, without requiring any specific solver. The algorithms presented apply to a family of kernels covering all those commonly used in text and speech processing or computational biology. We show that these algorithms have significantly better computational complexity than previous ones and report the results of large-scale experiments demonstrating a dramatic reduction of the training time, typically by several orders of magnitude.
Radial feeder reliability evaluation in the presence of battery storage using modified Sequential Monte Carlo simulation

Smart Grid initiative requires improvements to distribution system operation. One of the improvements is to use battery storage to support the distribution system. These batteries have the ability to improve the system reliability. This work develops a simulation based reliability evaluation technique with detailed battery operation model. The state of charge of battery, loss of capacity over age and the limited battery capacity are used in the battery operation model. To incorporate the effect of one element on the failure of a component downstream to it modified Time Sequential Monte Carlo (TSMC) is proposed in this work. The first part of this work proposes the modified TSMC and tests its usability using a feeder from Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and the results are compared with the analytical and Time Sequential Monte Carlo Technique. The second part of the work evaluates the reliability indices of a simple feeder in the presence of battery storage.