cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compound-specific effects of mutations at Val787 in DII-S6 of Nav1.4 sodium channels on the action of sodium channel inhibitor insecticides

Abstract Sodium channel inhibitor (SCI) insecticides are hypothesized to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels by binding selectively to the slow-inactivated state. Replacement of valine at position 787 in the S6 segment of homology domain II of the rat Nav1.4 sodium channel by lysine (V787K) enchances slow inactivation of this channel whereas replacement by alanine or cysteine (V787A and V787C) inhibits slow inactivation. To test the hypothesis that SCI insecticides bind selectively to the slow-inactivated state, we constructed mutated Nav1.4/V787A, Nav1.4/V787C, and Nav1.4/V787K cDNAs, expressed wildtype and mutated channels with the auxiliary β1 subunit in Xenopus oocytes, and used the two-electrode voltage clamp technique to examine the effects of these mutations on channel inhibition by four SCI insecticides (indoxacarb, its bioactivated metabolite DCJW, metaflumizone, and RH3421). Mutations at Val787 affected SCI insecticide sensitivity in a manner that was independent of mutation-induced changes in slow inactivation gating. Sensitivity to inhibition by 10 μM indoxacarb was significantly increased in all three mutated channels, whereas sensitivity to inhibition by 10 μM metaflumizone was significantly reduced in Nav1.4/V787A channels and completely abolished in Nav1.4/V787K channels. The effects of Val787 mutations on metaflumizone were correlated with the hydrophobicity of the substituted amino acid rather than the extent of slow inactivation. None of the mutations at Val787 significantly affected the sensitivity to inhibition by DCJW or RH3421. These results demonstrate that the impact of mutations at Val787 on sodium channel inhibition by SCI insecticides depend on the specific insecticide examined and is independent of mutation-induced changes in slow inactivation gating. We propose that Val787 may be a unique determinant of metaflumizone binding.
Stress, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.

Molecular pathways that modulate neurotoxicity of the β-amyloid peptide have been delineated; these are controlled by another pathway that modulates aging.
Lulworthiales, a new order of marine Ascomycota.

Based on molecular studies using 1031 bp of the nuclear small subunit (SSU) gene and 594 bp of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rDNA gene and using morphological characters, the genera Lulwor- thia and Lindra are removed from Halosphaeriales and assigned to the new order Lulworthiales and new family Lulworthiaceae in the class Sordariomycetes. Eleven accepted species of Lulworthia and 6 species of Lindra are listed.
Structure discrimination for the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli trigger factor in solution

NMR measurements can give important information on solution structure, without the necessity for a full-scale solution structure determination. The C-terminal protein binding domain of the ribosome-associated chaperone protein trigger factor is composed of non-contiguous parts of the polypeptide chain, with an interpolated prolyl isomerase domain. A construct of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli trigger factor containing residues 113-149 and 247-432, joined by a Gly-Ser-Gly-Ser linker, is well folded and gives excellent NMR spectra in solution. We have used NMR measurements on this construct, and on a longer construct that includes the prolyl isomerase domain, to distinguish between two possible structures for the C-terminal domain of trigger factor, and to assess the behavior of the trigger factor C-terminal domain in solution. Two X-ray crystal structures, of intact trigger factor from E. coli (Ferbitz et al., Nature 431:590-596, 2004), and of a truncated trigger factor from Vibrio cholerae (Ludlam et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:13436-13441, 2004) showed significant differences in the structure of the C-terminal domain, such that the two structures could not be superimposed. We show using NMR chemical shifts and long range nuclear Overhauser effects that the secondary and tertiary structure of the E. coli C-terminal domain in solution is consistent with the crystal structure of the E. coli trigger factor and not with the V. cholerae protein. Given the similarity of the amino acid sequences of the E. coli and V. cholerae proteins, it appears likely that the structure of the V. cholerae protein has been distorted as a result of truncation of a 44-amino acid segment at the C-terminus. Analysis of residual dipolar coupling measurements shows that the overall topology of the solution structure is completely inconsistent with both structures. Dynamics analysis of the C-terminal domain using T1, T2 and heteronuclear NOE parameters show that the protein is overall rather flexible. These results indicate that the structure of this domain in solution resembles the X-ray crystal structure of the E. coli protein in secondary structure and at least some tertiary contacts, but that the overall topology differs in solution, probably due to structural fluctuation.
Microbeam RBS and PIXE applied to microelectronics

A microprobe which supplies a beam of 2 MeV He+ ions is used to analyze surface layers on microelectronic circuits. The beam is focussed to a diameter of about 2 μm on a circuit, and the backscattered ions and characteristic X-rays are detected. Secondary electrons emitted from the sample as the beam is scanned in a raster are also used to form an image to aid in positioning the beam on particular features. The beam current can be controlled by setting the opening at the object slits, and is typically 0.1–0.5 nA for a 2 μm beam. The backscattering spectrum and X-ray spectrum are collected simultaneously with a typical collection time of 5 min. Verification of metallization thickness, incomplete metal removal during etching, and external contamination have been observed.
NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC DAMPING, PIEZOELECTRIC CONTROL AND PROBABILITY OF FAILURE OF LIGHT WEIGHT PLATES SUBJECTED TO AERODYNAMIC NOISE*

Analytical and numerical formulations and simulations are carried out in order to conduct sensitivity studies of physical parameters affecting acoustic and motion control by viscoelastic piezoelectric and material damping. Numerical simulations in terms of critical parameters, such as relaxation functions of the structure and piezoelectric devices, aerodynamic coefficients, Mach number, are carried out to evaluate system responses, sensing and structural control.
Contribution of soil moisture feedback to hydroclimatic variability

Abstract. While a variety of model experiments and analyses of observations have explored the impact of soil moisture variation on climate, it is not yet clear how large or detectable soil moisture feedback is across spatial and temporal scales. Here, we study the impact of dynamic versus climatological soil moisture in the GISS GCM ModelE (with prescribed sea-surface temperatures) on the variance and on the spatial and temporal correlation scale of hydrologically relevant climate variables (evaporation, precipitation, temperature, cloud cover) over the land surface. We also confirm that synoptic variations in soil moisture have a substantial impact on the mean climate state, because of the nonlinearity of the dependence of evapotranspiration on soil moisture. We find that including dynamic soil moisture increases the interannual variability of seasonal (summer and fall) and annual temperature, precipitation, and cloudiness. Dynamic soil moisture tends to decrease the correlation length scale of seasonal (warm-season) to annual land temperature fluctuations and increase that of precipitation. Dynamic soil moisture increases the persistence of temperature anomalies from spring to summer and from summer to fall, and makes the correlation between land precipitation and temperature fluctuations substantially more negative. Global observation sets that allow determination of the spacetime correlation of variables such as temperature, precipitation, and cloud cover could provide empirical measures of the strength of soil moisture feedback, given that the feedback strength varies widely among models.
Applications of Infinite Wavelength Phenomenon

This paper reviews applications of the infinite wavelength supported by certain metamaterials accomplished to date by the authors' group. In particular, novel microwave resonators, dividers, and antennas based on the fundamental infinite wavelength supported by the composite right/left-handed metamaterial transmission line are presented. Applications and the unique properties of these novel microwave devices are also presented.
Symbolic Exploitation and the Social Dialectic of Desire

Utilizing the work of Thorstein Veblen, I argue that the interrogation of `symbolic exploitation' should be of pressing concern to sociologists who hope to end economic exploitation. Contesting economic exploitation must begin with the destruction of traditional sovereign action patterns of desire that ensnare agents. Such a work of destruction must simultaneously be a work of construction, the construction of counter-hegemonic cultures of solidarity that reject the normative systems of status distribution associated with pecuniary capitalism. With this self-recognition on the part of the laboring classes, the end of economic exploitation becomes both palpable and possible.
Make to Order or Make to Stock: Model and Application

Some firms make all their products to order while others make them to stock. There are a number of firms that maintain a middle ground, where some items are made to stock and others are made to order. This paper was motivated by a consumer product company faced with the decision about which items to make to stock and which ones to make to order, and the inventory and production policy for the make-to-stock items. The production environment is characterized by multiple items, setup times between the production of consecutive items, limited capacity, and congestion effects. In such an environment, making an item to order reduces inventory costs for that item, but might increase the lot size and inventory costs for the items made to stock. Also, lead times increase because of congestion effects, resulting in higher safety stocks for make-to-stock items and lower service levels for make-to-order items, thus leading to a complex trade-off. We develop a nonlinear, integer programming formulation of the problem. We present an efficient heuristic to solve the problem, which was motivated by key results for a special case of the problem without congestion effects that can be solved optimally. We also develop a lower bound to evaluate the performance of the heuristic. A computational study indicates that the heuristic performs well. We discuss the application of the model in a large firm and the resulting insights. We also provide insights into the impact of various problem parameters on the make-to-order versus make-to-stock decisions using a computational study. In particular, we find that the average number of setups of an item selected for make-to-stock production is always less than half the average number of setups of the item if it were to be made to order. Also, factors other than an item's demand, such as its setup time, processing time, and unit holding cost, impact the make-to-order versus make-to-stock decision.
Revaluations of fixed assets and future firm performance: Evidence from the UK

Abstract We find, as predicted, that upward revaluations of fixed assets by UK firms are significantly positively related to changes in future performance, measured by operating income and cash from operations, indicating revaluations reflect asset value changes. Current year revaluations (revaluation balances) also are significantly positively related to annual returns (prices). Relations between revaluations and future performance and prices are weaker for higher debt-to-equity ratio firms, indicating motivation affects how revaluations reflect asset value changes. The relations also are weaker for cross-listed firms and in a more volatile economic time period. Our inferences are robust to controlling for firms' acquisition activity.
Punking and Bullying Strategies in Middle School, High School, and Beyond

Punking is a practice of verbal and physical violence, humiliation, and shaming usually done in public by males to other males. This definition is based on interviews and discussion groups with 32 adolescent boys and on media sources within which adolescent males are embedded. Discourse analysis findings reveal that punking terminology and behaviors are usually interchangeable with bullying terminology and behaviors. Both practices are purposeful strategies taken up and used by many boys to affirm masculinity norms of toughness, strength, dominance, and control. Implications from this research promote a shift in understandings of how masculinity norms are achieved. Further, the research suggests that by bringing critical attention to social accountability for production of unhealthy norms and the violent practices that affirm these norms, we might well extend the scope and focus of intervention into harmful practices of violence, such as punking and bullying.
An experimental testing system for fibre-reinforced-polymer-strengthened concrete panels under uniform pressure loads

A testing system to investigate the response of large (2 m×2 m) concrete panels strengthened with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) to uniform pressure loads has been developed. The system combines a test frame that employs pressurized bladders to produce a uniform load on the lower compressive side of the concrete panels while the upper tensile surface is imaged by two three-dimensional digital image correlation systems. From the images taken of the panel under load, full-field displacement and strain fields are measured. The test programme studies the effects of various types of fibre reinforcement and the effect of fibre orientation on the strength and rigidity of the concrete panels.This paper presents the development of the testing method, focusing on the creation of the panel loading system and the application of digital image correlation to the study of concrete panels. It presents data from two of the panel tests, contrasting the response of a control panel without bonded FRP and a test panel with si...
Rapid-onset endothelial dysfunction with adriamycin: evidence for a dysfunctional nitric oxide synthase.

Adriamycin (ADR) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent that is believed to exert its effects through the generation of oxygen free radicals. We hypothesized that administration of a single dose of ADR results in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent generation of superoxide (O2*-) and acute endothelial dysfunction. A single dose of ADR (10 mg/kg i.v.) administered to rabbits resulted in rapid attenuation of agonist-dependent responses to acetylcholine and calcium ionophore (A23187). In vitro exposure of ring segments to ADR for < 30 min resulted in O2*- generation measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) with the spin trap segments 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO) that was abolished by endothelial denudation and incubation with diphenyliodonium (DPI) (10 microM) but not L-NMMA (10 microM). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients undergoing chemotherapy with ADR was markedly attenuated after a single dose of ADR (6.5 +/- 1.0 to 2.5 +/- 1.1% (p = 0.0004, time to end of infusion 27 +/- 8 min) while endothelial-independent dilatation with nitroglycerin was unchanged (16.3 +/- 3.1 and 14.33 +/- 2.1% respectively, p = 0.36). Serum nitrite and nitrate concentrations fell from 50 +/- 6 micromol/l pre-ADR to 33 +/- 6 micromol/l post-ADR infusion (p = 0.0005) while serum concentrations of CD141 thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity remained unchanged after ADR infusion (36 +/- 13 to 52 +/- 22% ng/ml versus 3.25 +/- 0.98 to 3.01 +/- 0.91%, respectively, p = NS for pre versus post for both). Doppler indices of diastolic function (IVRT, DT and E/A ratios) were not altered in response to ADR. In conclusion, ADR administration results in rapid depletion of systemic NO* levels and attenuation of agonist-dependent responses in rabbits and flow-mediated dilation in the brachial artery of humans. ESR measurements in rabbit ring suggest an endothelial origin for radical production via flavin-containing oxido-reductases such as eNOS or NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. These findings may have implications for cardiovascular complications noted with ADR.
Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies

Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. Brent Berlin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. 335 pp.
Behavior of Copper-Aluminum Tribological Pair under High Current Densities

With the present-day electromagnetic launchers (EMLs), the choice of copper for the rail and aluminum for the armature is the most popular. There have been few published studies investigating the behavior of the copper-aluminum pair under high contact pressures and high current densities. We consider the interface between a stationary copper flat (C-110) and translating aluminum (Al-6061) pins with hemispherical and flat tips. Tests are conducted on a tribo-tester designed specially to study wear and friction of sliding electrical contacts. Electrical current to the interface is supplied by a programmable 8 V/350 A power supply. Operating conditions of the experiments are designed to yield the contact pressures of ~250-375 MPa and electrical current densities (~1-14 GA/m2) representative of a typical electromagnetic launcher, albeit at much lower sliding speeds (~0.15 m/s). The wear of the pins is quantified by measuring change in their mass and using the optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) is used to study the material transfer onto the pins. In-situ measurements during the experiments show that during the sliding process the voltage drop across the contact is negatively correlated with the friction force. The measurements of the wear patch on the pins show that as the current is increased through the contact the wear diameter also increases.
Accurate Spatial Estimation and Decomposition Techniques for Variability Characterization

In this paper, we show that the impact of process variations on the parametric measurements of semiconductor circuits can be modeled using multivariate statistical techniques. We show that it is possible to devise data transformation methods to model different kinds of measurements such as timing and leakage using multivariate statistical analysis. We use these models to propose new semiconductor spatial estimation and variability decomposition techniques. We demonstrate a new semiconductor spatial estimation technique based on the expectation-maximization algorithm. Our technique can be used to fill in the expected values of measurements at wafer locations that have been skipped or missed during parametric testing. Furthermore, we use our proposed spatial estimation method together with nested analysis of variance techniques to arrive to an accurate variability decomposition method. We extensively verify our models and results with timing and leakage variability data measurements collected from a large volume of manufactured wafers at 65 nm SOI process. Using this data we explore and quantify the trade-off between the accuracy of estimations and the reductions in the number of required parametric measurements. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique for spatial estimation in comparison to geostatistical Kriging-based estimators and traditional cubic B-spline-based interpolation methods. We also show the impact of wafer sampling techniques on the accuracy of spatial estimation, and we reveal the spatial structure of various variability sources.
The Osteology of Infants and Children

The Osteology of Infants and Children. Brenda J. Baker, Tosha L. Dupras, and Matthew W. Tocheri. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2005. 178 pp.
On the theory of scattering from a periodically loaded wire grid

A formulation for electromagnetic scattering from a regular grid of thin parallel wires is developed. The wires are characterized by a series impedance per unit length that itself is a periodic function. The final result is a formula for the effective surface transfer impedance that relates the averaged fields at the grid. Under certain limiting situations, earlier known results are obtained.
A programmable-gain VLSI circuit and system for sensing and stimulating action potentials of neuronal networks

An analog/digital VLSI chip and a 64-channel system using four of the chips for sensing and stimulating signals from live neuronal networks are described. Each chip has 16 analog channels, each having an instrumentation amplifier with a programmable gain of either 27, 50, or 60. In the system sense mode the action potentials from the network can be monitored and amplified on any or all selected channels. In the system stimulation mode up to four external stimulation signals can be routed to the network through any or all of the 16 channels. A 4/spl times/16 cross-point transmission-gate array connects the stimulation signals to the selected channels. The network response to the stimulation signals can be monitored at the output of selectable channels.
The Memorial Meal Mates: a program to improve nutrition in hospitalized older adults.

Abstract A common problem among older hospitalized patients is inadequate nutritional intake. The Memorial Meal Mates project was developed to address this problem. College-aged volunteers were provided a 3-hour in-service taught by an interdisciplinary team. During a 2-month period, the Memorial Meal Mates fed 34 patients, who were compared with 34 other patients fed by nursing staff. The mean intake of the Meal Mates group was 58.88%, compared with the mean intake of the control group of 32.45%. Patients fed by the volunteers nearly doubled their intake over those fed by nursing staff. (Geriatr Nurs 2002;23:332-5)
The significance of fur structure for solar heat gain in the rock squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus

The coats of birds and mammals typically vary through their depth in structure, insulation and optical qualities. Physical models predict that such variation can substantially affect the solar heat load acquired by an animal. This study quantifies the consequences of complex coat structure for solar heat gain in the rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus (Erxleben, 1777)), a species normally exposed to intense solar radiation. This species' pelage consists of two well-defined layers: a dense inner coat of fine, dark hairs, and a sparse outer coat of coarse, light hairs. The optics, structure and thermal insulation of the inner and outer coats are quantified and used to predict rates of radiative heat gain using a physical model. The radiative heat load measured at the skin compares well with model predictions. The validated model is then used to explore the consequences for solar heat gain of varying the relative proportions of the inner and outer coat layers. Results demonstrate that the ratio of inner to outer coat depths occurring in rock squirrels is very near that theoretically predicted to minimize solar heat gain. This indicates that optimization of fur structure may represent an effective means of adjusting solar heat gain independent of coat insulation and surface coloration.
Multiple-bandwidth photoacoustic tomography

Photoacoustic tomography, also referred to as optoacoustic tomography, employs short laser pulses to generate ultrasonic waves in biological tissues. The reconstructed images can be characterized by the convolution of the structure of samples, the laser pulse and the impulse response of the ultrasonic transducer used for detection. Although the laser-induced ultrasonic waves cover a wide spectral range, a single transducer can receive only part of the spectrum because of its limited bandwidth. To systematically analyse this problem, we constructed a photoacoustic tomographic system that uses multiple ultrasonic transducers simultaneously, each at a different central frequency. The photoacoustic images associated with the different transducers were compared and analysed. The system was tested by imaging both mouse brains and phantom samples. The vascular vessels in the brain were revealed by all of the transducers, but the image resolutions differed. The higher frequency detectors provided better image resolution while the lower frequency detectors delineated the major structural traits with a higher signal–noise ratio.
Plakophilin-2 loss promotes TGF-β1/p38 MAPK-dependent fibrotic gene expression in cardiomyocytes

Members of the desmosome protein family are integral components of the cardiac area composita, a mixed junctional complex responsible for electromechanical coupling between cardiomyocytes. In this study, we provide evidence that loss of the desmosomal armadillo protein Plakophilin-2 (PKP2) in cardiomyocytes elevates transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which together coordinate a transcriptional program that results in increased expression of profibrotic genes. Importantly, we demonstrate that expression of Desmoplakin (DP) is lost upon PKP2 knockdown and that restoration of DP expression rescues the activation of this TGF-β1/p38 MAPK transcriptional cascade. Tissues from PKP2 heterozygous and DP conditional knockout mouse models also exhibit elevated TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling and induction of fibrotic gene expression in vivo. These data therefore identify PKP2 and DP as central players in coordination of desmosome-dependent TGF-β1/p38 MAPK signaling in cardiomyocytes, pathways known to play a role in different types of cardiac disease, such as arrhythmogenic or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The Contraction Mapping Lemma and the Inverse Function Theorem in Advanced Calculus

(1986). The Contraction Mapping Lemma and the Inverse Function Theorem in Advanced Calculus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 52-54.
The endorectal ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: current clinical results

One hundred thirteen patients with either chronic ulcerative colitis (108 patients) or familial polyposis coli (five patients) received an ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis after sphincter-saving proctocolectomy. There were no postoperative deaths. Leaks (radiologic and/or clinical) from the pouch or ileoanal anastomosis occurred in 14 per cent of patients. Small-bowel obstruction, requiring operative correction, occurred in 7 per cent and 3 per cent, respectively, of patients after either proctocolectomy or closure of the loop ileostomy. All 66 patients whose diverting ileostomy had been closed for at least three months could defecate spontaneously and their mean (+/- SE) stool frequency per 24 hours was 9.0 +/- 1 at one month and 5.9 +/- at 12 months. Major fecal incontinence was observed in 3 per cent of patients, and two patients eventually required a permanent ileostomy. The ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis has become our procedure of choice in selected patients who require proctocolectomy.
Urinary tract infections. Old and new concepts.

The evolution of our concepts regarding the pathogenesis of renal injury in children with urinary tract infections is reviewed. Recommendations are made for evaluation and management of children with urinary tract infection based on (1) our current perceptions of the pathogenesis of kidney damage associated with urinary tract infection; (2) the appropriate use of the imaging modalities now available for evaluation of the urinary tract; and (3) the appropriate use of antibiotics.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Prolonged Hospitalization and Readmission after Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence and factors associated with 30-day readmission and to analyze risk factors for prolonged hospital length of stay following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.Study DesignRetrospective longitudinal claims analysis.SettingAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.Subjects and MethodsThe database of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (Current Procedural Terminology code 61548 or 62165) between 2005 and 2014. Patient demographic information, indications for surgery, and incidence of hospital readmission and length of stay were reviewed. Risk factors for readmission and prolonged length of stay, defined as >75th percentile for the cohort, were identified through logistic regression modeling.ResultsA total of 1006 patients were included for analysis. Mean hospital length of stay after surgery was 4.1 ± 0.2 days. Predictors of prol...
Determination of true intravesical filling pressure in patients with vesicoureteral reflux by Fogarty catheter occlusion of ureters.

Abstract Ureteroneocystostomy is a highly successful procedure for the correction of vesicoureteral reflux. However, postoperative vesicoureteral reflux or ureterovesical junction obstruction will develop in some patients and elevated intravesical filling pressure might be a significant factor. Reflux, itself, might act as a safety release valve and mask vesical hypertonia. We herein describe a technique to determine the true intravesical filling pressure in the presence of vesicoureteral reflux by occlusion of the ureters with reflux using Fogarty catheters. Our preliminary experience suggests that it is an easily performed and clinically useful test to identify patients with vesical hypertonia who should be treated postoperatively with anticholinergic medication.
Concluding Remarks on Part V

In this session there was discussion on macropolicy co-ordination and micro or industrial policy co-ordination. The papers by Dr Landmann and Professors Canzoneri and Henderson were on macropolicy coordination. Professor Itoh’s paper was on industrial policy co-ordination. On the first topic two questions are asked. Is macroeconomic cooperation necessary or desirable? Is game theory or related analysis meaningful or useful in understanding this policy co-operation issue? Landmann’s paper is directed to the first question. The answer is: It may be necessary or desirable but it will be very hard to achieve a desirable macroeconomic co-ordination. We have differences in perception of the world; we do not have common indicators; it is very hard to make it politically feasible even if we agree on what kind of corporation is desirable. Professor Frankel provided vivid examples to show that if the perception about reality is different, then sometimes co-operation may yield an undesirable outcome.
Narrative lost: missed and mistaken opportunities

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was, by all accounts, a master orator. His Fireside Chats are cited as paradigmatic moments of presidential rhetorical leadership. Nearly half a century later, Ronald Reagan entered the Oval Office, known as the “Great Communicator” for his capacity to connect with and inspire mass audiences. If any presidents should have been able to impose their will on the nation's security narratives, they should have. Yet, Roosevelt could not shunt aside the non-interventionist alternative before Pearl Harbor, and Reagan could not persuade Americans of the danger that Nicaragua's governing Sandinistas posed to US national security, nor could he silence his, and the Nicaraguan rebels', critics. Rhetorical skill is not, on its own, enough to ensure narrative dominance – as these masters of the bully pulpit would attest. Perhaps Roosevelt and Reagan failed because “going public” is simply not effective. That inference would be warranted if presidents' interventions did not sometimes profoundly shape the contours of US political debate – but they do. One might argue that presidents fall short when they are not skilled orators, when they are not deeply committed to the cause, and when they are reluctant to expend resources and to risk political capital – but the examples of Roosevelt and Reagan suggest otherwise. The theoretical framework of the preceding chapter offers four possible explanations. First, presidents can misread the narrative situation. They may wrongly believe that they are facing an unsettled period in which public demand for storytelling is high, and so they may traffic heavily in that rhetorical mode. In short, a mistaken opportunity. Second, presidents can err in thinking the political structure highly constrained, shy away from storytelling even when it might be well received, and opt for argument to legitimate their policies. In short, a missed opportunity. Third, presidents can remain silent and fail to seize the rhetorical initiative, allowing others to fill the narrative vacuum – another missed opportunity. Both missed and mistaken opportunities permit narrative alternatives to flourish and channel opposition to leaders' programs. Fourth, presidents can be dealt a bad rhetorical hand – the absence of opportunity. When public demand for storytelling is low, whether because the narrative situation is settled or because they are operating in the wake of foreign policy triumph, presidents can do little to rewrite the nation's security narrative.
Social Skills Training with a Deaf Adolescent: Implications for Placement and Programming.

(1984). Social Skills Training with a Deaf Adolescent: Implications for Placement and Programming. School Psychology Review: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 385-390.
Risk of failure of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea in obese pediatric patients

Abstract Introduction Pediatric obesity is a leading risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition commonly treated with adenotonsillectomy (T&A). It has been hypothesized that obesity increases a child's risk of failing T&A for OSA, however this relationship has not yet been quantified. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity as measured by perioperative Body Mass Index (BMI) and persistent OSA following T&A as measured by polysomnography (PSG). Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Pediatric patients who underwent T&A between Jan. 2004 and Jan. 2016 were included. We recruited both obese and non-obese patients to compare caregiver/self reported improvement. Obese patients were recruited from a weight management clinic and included if they had a BMI z-score >1.65 and had pre- and post-operative polysomnograms (PSGs). Control patients included those undergoing T&A for OSA at our institution with BMI Results 26 obese study and 47 control subjects were identified for analysis. T&A resulted in statistically significant improvements in total AHI (p = 0.030) and nadir O2 saturation (p = 0.013) in obese subjects. There was no significant difference between the rate of caregiver/self reported improvement in the two groups. There was a statistically significant correlation between perioperative BMI z-score and the change in total AHI (p = 0.049). Within our population, for every increase by 0.1 in perioperative BMI z-score, the improvement in total AHI post-operatively decreased by 1.63 events/hr. Further, patients with BMI more than 3 standard deviations away from the age-derived normative mean received essentially no benefit from T&A alone. Conclusions Our study established an inverse linear relationship between perioperative BMI z-score and improvement in total AHI with essentially no improvement in patients with BMI z-scores >3. Further studies are required to further elucidate this relationship and investigate the role of additional procedures in the initial management of OSA in obese children.
Rational Design of a Boron-Modified Triphenylethylene (GLL398) as an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator

Development of orally bioavailable nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) provides clinical opportunities for the long-term treatment and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer at all stages. We describe the design, synthesis, and identification of a boron-modified GW7604 derivative (GLL398, 9), a SERD candidate, in which a boronic acid functional group replaces the phenolic hydroxyl group of GW7604. Compound 9 strongly binds to ERα in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer binding assay (IC50 = 1.14 nM) and potently degrades ERα in MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 0.21 μM). Most importantly, the introduction of the boronic acid group confers superior oral bioavailability of 9 (AUC = 36.9 μg·h/mL) in rats as compared to GW7604 (AUC = 3.35 μg·h/mL). The strikingly favorable pharmacokinetic property of 9 makes it a promising oral SERD suitable for clinical evaluation.
Osteoporosis in Men

In 2008, the American College of Physicians observed that osteoporosis in men is “substantially underdiagnosed, undertreated, underreported, and inadequately researched.” To a considerable extent, that statement remains true, yet there are signs of increasing clinical and public recognition of the impact of osteoporosis on men, as evidenced in a growing number of research studies on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of male osteoporosis. Attention to male osteoporosis is appearing more often in reports of the US National Osteoporosis Foundation and other public agencies. Worldwide, the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) chose to place men at the center of its World Osteoporosis Day in 2014, with the Eberling’s 2014 in-depth publication: Osteoporosis in Men—Why Change Needs to Happen. The report emphasizes that by 2050, more than 900 million men worldwide will have lived beyond age 60.
Electron Microscopic Reconstruction of Functionally Identified Cells in a Neural Integrator

Summary Neural integrators are involved in a variety of sensorimotor and cognitive behaviors. The oculomotor system contains a simple example, a hindbrain neural circuit that takes velocity signals as inputs and temporally integrates them to control eye position. Here we investigated the structural underpinnings of temporal integration in the larval zebrafish by first identifying integrator neurons using two-photon calcium imaging and then reconstructing the same neurons through serial electron microscopic analysis. Integrator neurons were identified as those neurons with activities highly correlated with eye position during spontaneous eye movements. Three morphological classes of neurons were observed: ipsilaterally projecting neurons located medially, contralaterally projecting neurons located more laterally, and a population at the extreme lateral edge of the hindbrain for which we were not able to identify axons. Based on their somatic locations, we inferred that neurons with only ipsilaterally projecting axons are glutamatergic, whereas neurons with only contralaterally projecting axons are largely GABAergic. Dendritic and synaptic organization of the ipsilaterally projecting neurons suggests a broad sampling from inputs on the ipsilateral side. We also observed the first conclusive evidence of synapses between integrator neurons, which have long been hypothesized by recurrent network models of integration via positive feedback.
Deep learning guided stroke management: a review of clinical applications

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, and outcome is directly related to timely intervention. Not all patients benefit from rapid intervention, however. Thus a significant amount of attention has been paid to using neuroimaging to assess potential benefit by identifying areas of ischemia that have not yet experienced cellular death. The perfusion-diffusion mismatch, is used as a simple metric for potential benefit with timely intervention, yet penumbral patterns provide an inaccurate predictor of clinical outcome. Machine learning research in the form of deep learning (artificial intelligence) techniques using deep neural networks (DNNs) excel at working with complex inputs. The key areas where deep learning may be imminently applied to stroke management are image segmentation, automated featurization (radiomics), and multimodal prognostication. The application of convolutional neural networks, the family of DNN architectures designed to work with images, to stroke imaging data is a perfect match between a mature deep learning technique and a data type that is naturally suited to benefit from deep learning's strengths. These powerful tools have opened up exciting opportunities for data-driven stroke management for acute intervention and for guiding prognosis. Deep learning techniques are useful for the speed and power of results they can deliver and will become an increasingly standard tool in the modern stroke specialist's arsenal for delivering personalized medicine to patients with ischemic stroke.
Some Observations on the Physics of Stringed Instruments

We provide a general introduction to stringed instruments, focusing on the piano, guitar, and violin. These are representative of instruments in which the strings are excited by striking (the piano), plucking (the guitar), and bowing (the violin). We begin by discussing, in a general way, the strings and soundboards, and how these couple to the surrounding air to generate sound. Important features specific to these instruments are then discussed, with particular attention to the different ways the strings are set into motion, key differences in the way the soundboards vibrate, and the effects of these differences on the resulting musical tones.
Addressing Common Questions Posed to the IME Examiner

Common issues that the IME physician will be asked to address include questions of causation, extent of disability, and impairment. Causation analysis is a scientific exercise unto its own and should follow the application of the Bradford Hill Criteria. Impairment ratings are most typically performed using the standards within the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. Determining length of disability and appropriate time frames for return to work often requires use of evidence-based guidelines which are readily available and for which the IME physician should have familiarity.
Informal Settlements and Urban Management in Iran

This chapter chronicles the history of informal settlements (Sokoonatgah haye- Gheir Rasmi in Farsi) and the policies addressing them in Iran. While tracing its recent history to the Post-World War II period, it explores the reasons why informal settlements are expanding rapidly in Iran, and briefly outlines five sets of constraints (physical, national, supply and demand, and institutional) that, according to the World Bank, are its contributing factors. This discussion segues into the World Bank’s $80 million loan toward the physical upgrading of informal settlements in five Iranian cities (Bandar Abbas, Sanandaj, Kermanshah, Zahedan, and Tabriz). It also briefly touches on the National Enabling Document, which since its adoption and government approval has played a key role as a robust national initiative toward enabling informal settlements in Iran. The chapter provides some examples of a significant change of heart among the government officials by gradually moving away from a “hardware” or “project-oriented” attitude to a “software” or “program-oriented” attitude in enabling informal settlement populations.
El impacto del culto a San Millán en el nacimiento de la lengua española en Valderredible, Cantabria (España)

In this article I identify the presence of linguistic features in Cantabrian toponyms in order to suggest that the apparent diffusion of these features from Valderredible (a region of some 300 km2 situated in the extreme south of the Autonomous Community of Cantabria, Spain), and by extension the diffusion of the nascent Spanish language, was the result of the establishment there of an important pilgrimage center. This pilgrimage center began to flourish in the 6th century after one of the rock-cut churches of Valderredible was inhabited by a hermit named Emiliano, better known as San Millan, whose cult of devotion was continued during the following centuries by a community of anchorites. I explain that the prestige associated with the cult to Millan in Valderredible was a key factor in the dissemination of archaisms that contributed to the formation of the archaic character of Spanish.
Modeling the Role of Excluded Volume in Zeolite Structure Direction

We investigate the formation of zeolite structures in replica-exchange Monte Carlo simulations of a reactive model of silica polymerization. The simulations incorporate hard spheres to model the effect of excluded volume caused by structure-directing agents (SDAs). We focus on modeling the formation of cage-type zeolite frameworks SOD and LTA. Our model predicts that a relatively wide range of SDA sizes could be used to construct SOD, whereas a narrower range will work for constructing LTA. We also predict that there is potential benefit of including multiple SDAs in each zeolite unit cell, and in the case of LTA with both small and large cavities, there is a strong potential benefit using both small and large SDAs that match the cavities’ sizes. We hypothesize that the volume exclusion reduces the configuration space available to the assembling silica units, making it easier for the system to find ordered structures with quasi-spherical cavities.
Assessment of Social Skills and Intellectual Disability

Social skills foster healthy interpersonal relationships, promote independence, and are crucial to coping with stressful situations. Deficits in social skills are a critical component of intellectual disability (ID). They are related to many important personal and social outcomes in this population. In many ways, social skills are at the heart of controversies on how to define ID. As such, this chapter begins with an overview of the disability. Next, the relationship between ID and social skills is discussed in light of similar constructs, psychopathology, and genetic disorders. We then briefly elaborate on a few assessment considerations and modalities. Finally, we present an overview of selected adaptive behavior measures and rating scales. Instruments were chosen based on their widespread use, recent development, or unique features.
Biotreatment and chemical speciation of lead and zinc mine/mill wastewater discharges in Missouri, U.S.A.

Continued mining development in the world's largest lead producing area has generated and increased concern over effective mine water treatment in Missouri's New Lead Belt. A new type of mine/mill wastewater treatment system was constructed which consisted of a tailings pond followed by a series of artificially constructed meandering biotreatment channels and a polishing lagoon. This system provided additional retention time and distance for the removal of heavy metals by abundant aquatic plants and sedimentation. Seasonal field sampling and analytical testing that evaluated the present system confirmed that it provided good treatment for removal of heavy metals within the company property and produced a final effluent within the state and federal regulatory guidelines. On average, greater than 95% of zinc and manganese in the drainage water were removed by the biotreatment system, while lead and copper were 50 to 60%. A chemical equilibrium model, MINTEQ, was also used to identify various species of lead and zinc in the biotreatment system. The model predicted that the major species of carbonates and hydroxides would be the predominant complexes of lead and zinc for the pH and alkalinity values reported in the biotreatment system. These results were also supported by the literature.