cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying important criteria for multimedia instructional courseware evaluation

SOFTWARE SELECTION DECISIONS, especially when they involve sophisticated multimedia instructional courseware can be difficult for educators. Many confounding factors such as teachers’ inexperience with using instructional courseware and the emerging capability and sophistication of technology often make the evaluation and subsequent selection of courseware a challenging process. In 1999, a study was conducted in which a panel of instructional technology experts rated the importance of 110 criteria statements to multimedia instructional courseware evaluation. The criteria could serve as a basis for constructing evaluative instruments useful for software screening. Participants completed an on-line World Wide Web (WWW) survey on three separate occasions or rounds over a two-month period. All communication between participants and the researchers was asynchronous through the Internet. This paper describes the methods and materials used in the study. It discusses the criteria judged to be most important by the panel of experts and presents an analysis of their commentary, which was used to modify and refine the list of the highest-rated multimedia instructional courseware evaluation criteria.
Access to, usage of, and outcomes from an electronic messaging system

This study examines relationships among perceived accessibility to an electronic messaging system (EMS), computer-monitored and reported usage of the system by approximately 100 employees of one division of an aerospace firm, user's job type, perceived appropriateness of the EMS, and reported outcomes such as changes in effectiveness and use of paper-based media. Greater accessibility resulted in more usage and reported increases in effectiveness. Physical distance to a terminal affects the associations of other aspects of accessibility with usage and has a greater influence on these associations earlier in one's adoption process. Differences in job type showed statistically significant associations with usage, independent of the influence of accessibility. Computer-monitored and reported usage measures were only moderately correlated and were differentially associated with the access measures and with the two outcomes. The article ends by discussing implications for implementation and evaluation of computer-based communication systems, theories of media characteristics and information value, and methodological issues in using computer-monitored usage data.
The Atlanta University Center: A Consortium-Based Dual Degree Engineering Program.

This chapter describes the Atlanta University Center's Dual Degree Engineering Program and the model used to increase the number of minorities in engineering, science, and technology through consortia.
Gadolinium as a neutron capture therapy agent.

The isotope 157Gd has been evaluated at the University of Missouri- Columbia (MU) as an alternative neutron capture therapy (NCT) agent to 10B The studies were directed to the following three major portions: the evaluation of Gd Neutron Capture Therapy (GdNCT), the combination of NCT and brachytherapy and the development of neutron autoradiography for Gd.
Further studies of DAM-1 mesoporous silica preparations

Abstract A number of preparations for the synthesis of novel hexagonal mesoporous materials referred to as Dallas amorphous material-1 (DAM-1) have been developed using Vitamin E tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), a water-soluble form of the lipid soluble natural Vitamin E, as the structure directing agent. Depending upon the temperature and gel composition, highly ordered and hydrothermally stable 2-D hexagonal mesoporous DAM-1 with various morphologies could be achieved, including spheres, gyroids, discoids, hexagonal plates, and rods.
Cellular plasticity cascades: genes-to-behavior pathways in animal models of bipolar disorder.

Background Despite extensive research, the molecular/cellular underpinnings of bipolar disorder (BD) remain to be fully elucidated. Recent data has demonstrated that mood stabilizers exert major effects on signaling that regulate cellular plasticity; however, a direct extrapolation to mechanisms of disease demands proof that manipulation of candidate genes, proteins, or pathways result in relevant behavioral changes. Methods We critique and evaluate the behavioral changes induced by manipulation of cellular plasticity cascades implicated in BD. Results Not surprisingly, the behavioral data suggest that several important signaling molecules might play important roles in mediating facets of the complex symptomatology of BD. Notably, the protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades might play important roles in the antimanic effects of mood stabilizers, whereas glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 might mediate facets of lithium’s antimanic/antidepressant actions. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulation also seems to be capable to inducing affective-like changes observed in mood disorders. And Bcl-2, amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors, and inositol homeostasis represent important pharmacological targets for mood stabilizers, but additional behavioral research is needed to more fully delineate their behavioral effects. Conclusions Behavioral data support the notion that regulation of cellular plasticity is involved in affective-like behavioral changes observed in BD. These findings are leading to the development of novel therapeutics for this devastating illness.
Dioxins/furans: U.S. EPA ecological risk assessment for land application and disposal methods for paper pulp sludge.

Abstract Potential risks to terrestrial wildlife were estimated from exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD/TCDF in paper pulp sludges applied to or disposed of on land. Comparative risks were assessed for land application uses in forests, mine reclamation, and agriculture, versus other disposal methods, such as in landfills and surface impoundments. Potential risks to fish and aquatic wildlife were also estimated for runoff from such land uses and disposal sites. The general types of wildlife species predicted as potentially most exposed via eating TCDD/TCDF contaminated prey were terrestrial animals such as shrews, woodcocks, and robins. TCDD/TCDF levels in eggs from several bird species collected from Wisconsin pine plantations amended with such pulp sludges corroborated the transfer of TCDD/TCDF from soil via prey species into avian eggs, particularly robin eggs.
Anion-Orchestrated Formation in the Crystalline State of [2]Pseudorotaxane Arrays

In contrast with dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8), when tetrabenzo[24]crown-8 (TB24C8) is mixed with dibenzylammonium hexafluorophosphate (DBA·PF6) in noncompetitive solvents, the thermodynamically driven noncovalent synthesis of the threaded 1:1 complexa [2]pseudorotaxanedoes not occur. However, on crystallization from solutionin a process which is presumably kinetically controlledTB24C8 molecules and DBA+ cations form an array of [2]pseudorotaxanes stabilized by a plethora of [C−H···F] hydrogen bonds to highly ordered, interstitially located PF6- anions.
Diffusion/desorption of tritium from irradiated beryllium

This report discusses stepped-thermal-anneal tritium-release measurements at 573 up to 1173 K which have been performed on irradiated Be test materials, fabricated and irradiated to meet conditions relevant to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). A combined diffusion/desorption model for tritium release allows determination of diffusion coefficients and desorption-rate constants in the mixed-mechanism regime where both diffusion and surface desorption appear to be rate-limiting. The effective tritium diffusivities (m{sup 2}/s) for these materials, and also from new data analysis of previously reported fully dense material, were found to be: 81% TD Be:1.7 {times} 10{sup {minus}11} exp({minus}3.5 kJ/mol/RT); 99% TD Be:1.6 {times} 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}9.5 kJ/mol/RT); 100% TD Be: 1.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}11.5 kJ/mol/RT). Tritium release data for both the 81% TD and the 99% TD sample were matched reasonably well by the diffusion/desorption model. The model provides evidence for a changing mechanism over both temperature and density, but indicates that diffusion is the primary mechanism with a small and changing contribution from surface desorption.
Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer: A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age Judith K. Major. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.

Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer: A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age Judith K. Major. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2013.As Robertson Davies wrote in The Rebel Angeh, "It is pan of the received doctrine of modern biography that all characters are Flawed.. .but the Flaws the biographers exhibited usually meant that the person under discussion had not seen eye to eye with the biographer on matters of politics, or social betterment, or something impersonal" (1992: The Cornish Trilogy, 44). No such modern affliction seems to have troubled Judith Major in her much-anticipated biography of a crucial figure in the shaping of American landscape taste. Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer: A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age is the product of an especially deep bond between an author and her subject that has grown from an extended period of determined digging. This causes the book to verge on becoming an uncritical apologia in places, and a degree of conflict about whether to address a scholarly or general audience is evident. Nevertheless, a reader will find valuable new documents and discoveries within.Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer was an influential writer on architecture and landscape design best known for her essays on architecture and landscape design in numerous books and in contributions to The Century Magazine, American Art Review, and Garden and Forest among others. In a period when few women attained such prominent roles in criticism, Major does an admirable job of situating her subject in an intellectual milieu that included a number of other upper-class women who bucked traditional female roles to make careers in the arts and journalism. This helps a reader to understand Van Rensselaer as less of an anomaly (28-9). Despite her wide influence, it is, perhaps, a stretch to equate Van Rensselaer's work with that of John Claudius Loudon or Andrew Jackson Downing in an earlier period (64-5). (Nathaniel Parker Willis seems a more apt comparison, but he is not discussed.) However, the author leaves little doubt that Van Rensselaer had an important impact on the public appreciation of landscape architecture and played a central role in the professionalization of that discipline, for which she preferred the term "landscape gardening." Her mutually admiring correspondence with Frederick Law Olmsted, whom she called "the greatest living master of his craft, if not the very greatest who has lived since gardening art has dealt with landscapeeffects at all," demonstrates the great esteem in which she was held by the landscape architectural establishment and her important role in furthering his career (124)Thisbook participates in a surge in scholarship in recent years on the abiding influence of the short-lived periodical Garden and Forest. …
Abstract 3418: Mechanism of cell death induced by the DNA strand-breaking nucleoside analogue CNDAC.

The nucleoside analog CNDAC [2’-C-cyano-2’-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosylcytosine] has a unique action mechanism of inducing single strand breaks following its incorporation into DNA through a β-elimination process. Transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) is partially responsible for repair of such nicks [Cancer Res. 2008, 68:3881-89]. However, DNA replication across the unrepaired nicks generates double strand breaks (DSBs) which are mainly repaired by the ATM-dependent homologous recombination (HR) mechanism [Blood, 2010, 116:1737-46]. Both CNDAC (as DFP-10917) and its orally bioavailable prodrug, sapacitabine are in clinical trials in AML/MDS. Our goal was to define the mechanism by which CNDAC-induced DSBs lead to cell death. First, cytogenetic analysis revealed that chromosomal aberrations (breaks and gaps) in cells lacking XPF, the key 5’-NER endonuclease, increased >2 fold and 16 fold after one (15 hr) and two (30 hr) cell cycles of treatment with 1 μM (non-arresting concentration) CNDAC, respectively (N≥60, P 70% bearing chromosomal damage too complex to be scored. By contrast, 78% of Rad51D-complemented cells (N=100) had no aberration, with only 1% unscorable. Third, post-mitosis nuclear alterations were further studied in Giemsa-stained AA8 cells after wash out of CNDAC (24 hr). The percentage of multinucleated cells increased 10 fold (1 μM) and 27 fold (10 μM) relative to control 24 hr after wash. Finally, to test the hypothesis that cells may die from mitotic catastrophe, video microscopy was used to track the fate of AA8 cells stably expressing H2B-GFP after CNDAC (0.5, 1 and 10 μM, 6-hr exposure) washout. Cells entering the 1st mitosis within 5 hr after wash presumably had CNDAC incorporation into DNA and therefore were eligible for analysis. There was no difference in the duration of 1st mitosis among all three treatments and control (N≥24, P>0.05). However, 2nd mitosis was significantly prolonged in a concentration-dependent manner in all treatments (N≥37, P Citation Format: Xiaojun Liu, Billie Nowak, Yingjun Jiang, Walter Hittelman, William Plunkett. Mechanism of cell death induced by the DNA strand-breaking nucleoside analogue CNDAC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3418. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3418
Zitkala-Sa's Autobiographical Writings: The Problems of a Canonical Search for Language and Identity

A recent edition of The Norton Anthology of American Literature includes Zitkala-Sa's (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin 1876-1938) autobiographical writing, while commenting that it "satisfies none of the conventional expectations of male autobiographies (typically narratives of triumphs of the will) or of female autobiographies (typically narratives of victories of love and domesticity)" (II, 864). Having canonized Zitkala-Sa, a Native American (Sioux) woman writing in 1900, the editors of the Norton Anthology then seem to feel the need to place her narrative, generically. Yet why should we expect ZitkalaSa's writing to conform to canonical models of autobiography? As a Native American writer forced to speak and write in the language of the oppressor, why should we expect her writing to legitimate the very institutions (the English language, writing, culture, and "civilization") which have suppressed her? Zitkala-Sa's writing does not, indeed, legitimate these institutions. Zitkala-Sa's work violates traditional notions of autobiography on two levels: it does not put forth a model of triumph and integration, nor does it emphasize the importance of language in the overall process of self-authentication.1 Therefore it is only when we approach Zitkala-Sa's writing in terms of how it subverts traditional modes of autobiographical and linguistic self-authentication that we can come to see its full richness and complexity, and understand the unique problem of a "canonical" search for language and identity in Native American writing. According to Arnold Krupat, the term "autobiography" was coined by Southey in 1809, and first appeared in American book titles in 1832 (22).2 Autobiographies had been written for several hundred years prior to these dates, of course, but they have only recently been studied as a literary genre. Despite publication of Anna Robeson Burr's 1909 work The Autobiography: A Critical and Comparative Study, substantial discussion of the generic criteria of autobiography did not
Hyperfine effects in parity-violating muonic-atom decays

The effect of hyperfine interactions on the parity-violating correlations in the decay $2{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}+1\ensuremath{\gamma}$ in muonic atoms is considered. It is shown that hyperfine effects make the photon momentum correlations with the initial or the final muon polarization unequal to each other, and unequal to the photon circular polarization. Also, there is an additional parity-violating term in the muon-proton Hamiltonian, proportional to the nuclear spin, which contributes differently to the three spin correlations. Therefore, if measurements of two of these correlations are possible in light atoms, both parity-violating coupling constants can be determined.
Cyclic indentation of an elastic-perfectly plastic material

Fundamental knowledge of the indentation deformation of materials is critical to evaluating dynamic behavior of materials in using the indentation technique. Early studies on the contact of materials provided analytical treatments for both elastic [1–6] and plastic response [7] subjected to dynamic loading. Despite valuable insight into the indentation deformation of materials from analytical approaches, it is difficult to apply these methods in the analysis of the indentation of elastoplastic materials. Consequently, numerical techniques [8–10] were advanced to account for complicated geometries and to establish realistic models. The review of literature indicates that the majority of analytical and numerical solutions of various indentation problems involving elastic and elastoplastic materials have focused on the contact deformation under quasi-static conditions. The obtained solutions might not be applicable to dynamic indentation problems. This has imposed a challenge for using the technique of continuous stiffness measurement to characterize dynamic deformation of thin films and nanoscale structures, which bases on atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. The purpose of this work is to use finite element to simulate the dynamic indentation of an elastic-perfectly plastic material by a rigid cylindrical indenter of flat-end. The simulation results will shed a light on understanding dynamic indentation problems as encountered in most nanoindentation tests. In the
An Empirical Examination of Subject Headings for Women’s Studies Core Materials

The ACRL Women’s Studies Section Technical Services Committee investigated the assignment of subject headings to core works in women’s studies. Annotations for the works were compared with subject headings on OCLC cataloging copy, mainly created by the Library of Congress. Inadequacies were identified and traced to three sources: inadequacy of terminology, the complexities of assigning headings in interdisciplinary and/or emerging fields, and standard cataloging practices. Recommendations for amelioration of these problems are made.
A 1-V, 8-bit successive approximation ADC in standard CMOS process

A 1-V 8-bit 50-kS/s successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implemented in a conventional 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process is presented. Low voltage, large signal swing sample-and-hold, and digital-to-analog conversion are realized based on inverting op-amp configurations with biasing currents added to the op-amp negative input terminal so that the op-amp input common-mode voltages can be biased near ground to minimize the supply voltage. At the same time, the input and output quiescent voltages can be set at half of the supply rails. A low-voltage latched comparator is realized based on the current-mode approach. The entire ADC including all the digital circuits consumes less than 0.34 mW. An effective number of bits of 7.9 was obtained for a 1-kHz 850-mV peak-to-peak input signal.
Pseudo bond graphs for generalized compartmental models in engineering and physiology

Abstract True bond graphs, which use effort and flow variables whose product is power, can in principle be used to describe all types of physical systems. However, many system models do not use power variables and yet can be represented usefully as pseudo bond graphs. Pseudo bond graphs have been used particularly for open systems in which it is convenient to consider control volumes or compartments with boundaries across which mass can flow. In this paper, we show how the bond graph methods used for conductive and convective heat transfer can be generalized to account for diffusion, convection, and accumulation of a variety of physical quantities and how pseudo bond graphs can aid in constructing and representing such models. These models are known in mathematical biology as “compartmental models” and it is a main contribution of this paper to show that the same pseudo bond graphs apply to thermofluid and physiological dynamic models. The bond graphs build in some conservation principles automatically and yet have the flexibility to incorporate general multiport laws when necessary. Thus the pseudo bond graphs can exhibit system structure as do other network graphs and are very general in nature.
Ignition of a combustible solid by convection heating

The effect of convecting heating on the ignition of a combustible solid is investigated. The investigation considers two distinct influences of the convection process, namely the magnitude of the convection coefficient and the magnitude of the external temperature relative to a critical level for reaction. The results indicate how various extreme conditions can either speed up or prolong ignition. Also it is shown how various combinations of these extremes can offset each other.
Roasting decomposition of mixed rare earth tailings by CaO in reducing atmosphere

In Baotou rare earth tailings ore, the grade of rare earth is close to that of the raw ore nearly. The rare earths are discarded in tailings dam caused by a serious waste of resources. First of all, the decomposition products of bastnaesite- and monazite-mixed rare earth tailings in CaO in reducing atmosphere were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the normal products are CeO2, Ce2O3, Ca5F(PO4)3, and Ce0.75Nd0.25O1.875, and there are no REPO4 and REFCO3. Secondly, the roasted product was extracted in HCl, and the relationship among roasting time, roasting temperature, CaO addition, and extraction temperature was studied by the quadratic regression-orthogonal analysis. Through analysis, the optimum process conditions of mixed rare earth tailings extracted are obtained as follows: roasting time of 60 min, roasting temperature of 800 °C, CaO addition of 30 %, extraction temperature of 80 °C, and extraction ratio of 99.18 %.
Patent foramen ovale and hypercoagulability as combined risk factors for stroke

The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with a high incidence of cryptogenic stroke. Hypercoagulable states contribute to venous thromboembolism. The combination of both conditions may greatly increase the risk of stroke, and may indicate the need for long term anticoagulation. This study aimed to determine the incidence of both risk factors (PFO and hypercoagulable state) in a cohort of patients admitted with the diagnosis of stroke. We performed a retrospective chart review of 2028 consecutive patients admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital through the emergency room who received an initial triage diagnosis of cerebrovascular event between October 1, 1994 and March 17, 1999. Of the 645 patients who had an echocardiogram searching for atrial shunting, 172 (26.7%) had a documented PFO. Of 472 patients who had a hypercoagulability study, an abnormality was identified in 112 (23.7%). Of the 280 patients who had both procedures, 14 (5.0%) were found to have both a PFO and a hypercoagulation abnormality; this represents 17.3% (14/81) of the patients with PFO who underwent a hypercoagulability study. In comparison, 22.1% (44/199) of patients without PFO had a hypercoagulation abnormality. In our series, the incidence of PFO was comparable to that of other reported series. A hypercoagulation abnormality was detected in one fourth of patients who underwent a diagnostic study. The frequency of hypercoagulation abnormality was not higher among patients with a PFO compared to patients without one.
Time and the dancing image

As a study of theatrical dance which places developments in dance within the larger artistic and historical environment, Deborah Jowitt's generously illustrated book makes a valuable contribution to modern cultural history.
Acid hydrolase and glycoprotein : Glycosyl transferase activities in experimental renal disease in the rat

Abstract Changes in the activity levels of kidney and urinary glycoprotein : glycosyl transferases and acid hydrolases were studied in ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria and glycerol-induced renal failure in the rat. Hyperoxaluria resulted in increased urine activity levels of several glycosidases and acid phosphatase; changes in tissue levels of neuraminidase and CMP-sialic acid synthetase were also found. In the glycerol experimental model, there was stimulation in the activity of collagen : glycosyl transferase and neuraminidase in the rat kidney.
Emerging Medical Devices for Minimally Invasive Cell Therapy

The past decade has seen the first wave of cell-based therapeutics undergo clinical trials with varying degrees of success. Although attention is increasingly focused on clinical trial design, owing to spiraling regulatory costs, tools used in delivering cells and sustaining the cells' viability and functions in vivo warrant careful scrutiny. While the clinical administration of cell-based therapeutics often requires additional safeguarding and targeted delivery compared with traditional therapeutics, there is significant opportunity for minimally invasive device-assisted cell therapy to provide the physician with new regenerative options at the point of care. Herein we detail exciting recent advances in medical devices that will aid in the safe and efficacious delivery of cell-based therapeutics.
A Multiscale Examination of the 31 May 1998 Mechanicville, New York, Tornado

Abstract On 31 May 1998, an F3 tornado struck Mechanicville, New York, injuring 68 people and causing $71 million in damage. The tornado was part of a widespread, severe weather outbreak across the northeast United States. The synoptic conditions that caused the outbreak and the mesoscale and storm-scale environments that produced the tornado are discussed. The coupling of two strong upper-level jets and a very strong low-level jet, in association with an unseasonably strong surface cyclone, created a synoptic-scale environment favorable for severe weather. As the result of these jet interactions, a very warm, moist air mass was transported into the Northeast with an associated increase in the wind shear in the lower troposphere. A terrain-channeled low-level southerly flow up the Hudson Valley may have created a mesoscale environment that was especially favorable for tornadic supercell development by increasing storm-relative helicity in the low levels of the atmosphere and by transporting warm, moist ai...
A thermogenic secondary sexual character in male sea lamprey

Secondary sexual characters in animals are exaggerated ornaments or weapons for intrasexual competition. Unexpectedly, we found that a male secondary sexual character in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a thermogenic adipose tissue that instantly increases its heat production during sexual encounters. This secondary sexual character, developed in front of the anterior dorsal fin of mature males, is a swollen dorsal ridge known as the 'rope' tissue. It contains nerve bundles, multivacuolar adipocytes and interstitial cells packed with small lipid droplets and mitochondria with dense and highly organized cristae. The fatty acid composition of the rope tissue is rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The cytochrome c oxidase activity is high but the ATP concentration is very low in the mitochondria of the rope tissue compared with those of the gill and muscle tissues. The rope tissue temperature immediately rose up to 0.3°C when the male encountered a conspecific. Mature males generated more heat in the rope and muscle tissues when presented with a mature female than when presented with a male (paired t-test, P<0.05). On average, the rope generated 0.027±0.013 W cm(-3) more heat than the muscle in 10 min. Transcriptome analyses revealed that genes involved in fat cell differentiation are upregulated whereas those involved in oxidative-phosphorylation-coupled ATP synthesis are downregulated in the rope tissue compared with the gill and muscle tissues. Sexually mature male sea lamprey possess the only known thermogenic secondary sexual character that shows differential heat generation toward individual conspecifics.
Applying a Behavioral Epidemiology Framework to Research Phases in Child Health Psychology

The purpose of this study was to apply a behavioral epidemiology framework reported in J. F. Sallis, N. Owen, and M. J. Fotheringham (2000) to the field of child health psychology and describe the resulting distribution of research phases. Recent volumes of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology were analyzed and their articles classified as belonging to one of five sequentially-ordered phases of behavioral epidemiology research: Phase 1—relationship between behavior and health; Phase 2—measurement and method; Phase 3—factors influencing behavior; Phase 4—intervention; Phase 5—translation. The results indicate that Phase 3 studies (46%) were the most well-represented in the field, followed by Phase 2 (11%), Phase 1 (9%), Phase 4 (8%), and Phase 5 studies (2%). Compared to the journal Health Psychology, the shape of the research phase distribution of articles published in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology was similar. Overall, an encouraging amount of data in the field of child health psychology is being amassed in preparation for behavioral intervention. As research in the field matures, it will likely have a greater impact on public health via chronic disease prevention and control and health promotion interventions.
The impact of sampling time on peak capacity and analysis speed in on-line comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography.

Abstract Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) offers a number of practical advantages over optimized one-dimensional LC in peak capacity and thus in resolving power. The traditional “product rule” for overall peak capacity for a 2DLC system significantly overestimates peak capacity because it neglects under-sampling of the first dimension separation. Here we expand on previous work by more closely examining the effects of the first dimension peak capacity and gradient time, and the second dimension cycle times on the overall peak capacity of the 2DLC system. We also examine the effects of re-equilibration time on under-sampling as measured by the under-sampling factor and the influence of molecular type (peptide vs. small molecule) on peak capacity. We show that in fast 2D separations (less than 1 h), the second dimension is more important than the first dimension in determining overall peak capacity and conclude that extreme measures to enhance the first dimension peak capacity are usually unwarranted. We also examine the influence of sample types (small molecules vs. peptides) on second dimension peak capacity and peak capacity production rates, and how the sample type influences optimum second dimension gradient and re-equilibration times.
Timing of depression recurrence in the first year after birth.

Abstract Background: Women who have suffered from one episode of postpartum-onset major depression (PPMD) experience increased risk for recurrence in the year following another birth. Methods: Non-depressed women (N=51) who had at least one past episode of PPMD were recruited during pregnancy. After birth, subjects were assessed prospectively each week for 20 weeks with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Research Diagnostic Criteria for recurrence of major depression. Evaluations were carried out at 24, 36, and 52 weeks to assess for episodes beyond 20 weeks postpartum. Results: The data revealed a clustering of cases, with five of the 21 recurrences (24%) occurring in the first 2 weeks. Thirteen of the 21 recurrences (67%) and 19/21 recurrences (90%) occurred in the first 20 and 28 weeks following birth, respectively. Limitations: Although it is unusual for studies of this type to be prospective, the sample size is relatively small. Conclusions: The 1-year recurrence rate was 21/51 or 41%, with a clustering of cases near delivery. All recurrences except two occurred by 28 weeks postpartum.
A review of multiobjective programming and its application in quantitative psychology

Abstract Multiobjective programming, a technique for solving mathematical optimization problems with multiple conflicting objectives, has received increasing attention among researchers in various academic disciplines. A summary of multiobjective programming techniques and a review of their applications in quantitative psychology are provided.
Study of effect of cable yielding in cable-driven robotic system

This paper presents a method for characterizing the performance limitations imposed by the yielding of the cables in a planar robotic mechanism with a cable-driven transmission. The method involves developing a model for the cable tensions based on a rigid-body model of the system, where the tensions are considered as reaction forces. The kinematic coupling between links in the mechanism due to the cable-drives is also studied. The model allows for analysis of the tensions in a manner similar to that of a recently developed characterization called the Dynamic Capability Hypersurface. In effect the limitations on dynamic performance caused by cable yielding are added to the limitations caused by the bounds on actuator torque capacity, in order to give a more comprehensive description of the capabilities of the cable-driven system. A two degree-of-freedom mechanism is analyzed in order to illustrate the methodology.
Groundwater munition residues and nitrate near Grand Island, Nebraska, U.S.A.

Abstract Munition residues from waste disposal on ordnance property have resulted in a defined plume of RDX contaminated groundwater stretching 6.5 km and underlying an area of 6.5 km 2 . A smaller plume of TNT was detected near the plant's boundary. The relative positions of the plumes combined with an historical review of total plant output of RDX and TNT indicates that RDX is much more persistent than TNT. The estimated RDX transport velocity of 0.5 m day −1 closely approximates the calculated Darcian velocity. The RDX plume sinks with recharge at a rate of about 0.5 m yr −1 . Nitrate is associated primarily with adjacent upgradient landuse and is not related to plant manufacture of ammonium nitrate. The average δ 15 N of the Nitrate was about + 10% and strongly suggests that animal wastes are the predominant source.
Assignment ofLIPA, associated with human acid lipase deficiency, to human chromosome 10 and comparative assignment to mouse chromosome 19

The genetics of lysosomal acid lipase (LIP) has been investigated in human-Chinese hamster and mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of human fibroblast extracts demonstrated that LIP activity consists of three isozymes. A deficiency of LIP activity has been observed in Wolman's disease (WD), cholesterol ester storage disease (CESD), and I-cell disease (ICD); this deficiency was associated with only one LIP isozyme, LIPA. We have demonstrated concordant segregation between human LIPA and human chromosome 10 and its enzyme marker glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase-1 (GOT1) in cell hybrid clones. Previous evidence suggested the different mutations associated with WD and CESD to be in the structural gene which we assign to human chromosome 10, while a different gene, involved in the processing of LIPA, is altered in ICD. These results indicate that several types of gene products are involved in the final expression of LIPA. In mouse-Chinese hamster hybrid clones, mouseLip-1 (homologous to humanLIPA) was assigned to chromosome 19. Previously, mouseGot-1 has been assigned to chromosome 19. Thus, theLIPA-GOT1 linkage group has remained intact during the 80×106 years of evolution that separates humans and mice.
Hypothalamic Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptors Are Necessary for Hormone-Dependent Luteinizing Hormone Surges: Implications for Female Reproductive Aging

Brain IGF-I receptors are required for maintenance of estrous cycles in young adult female rats. Circulating and hypothalamic IGF-I levels decrease with aging, suggesting a role for IGF-I in the onset of reproductive senescence. Therefore, the present study investigated potential mechanisms of action of brain IGF-I receptors in the regulation of LH surges in young adult and middle-aged rats. We continuously infused IGF-I, the selective IGF-I receptor antagonist JB-1, or vehicle into the third ventricle of ovariectomized young adult and middle-aged female rats primed with estradiol and progesterone. Pharmacological blockade of IGF-I receptors attenuated and delayed the LH surge in young adult rats, reminiscent of the LH surge pattern that heralds the onset of reproductive senescence in middle-aged female rats. Infusion of IGF-I alone had no effect on the LH surge but reversed JB-1 attenuation of the surge in young females. In middle-aged rats, infusion of low doses of IGF-I partially restored LH surge amplitude, and infusion of JB-1 completely obliterated the surge. Intraventricular infusion of IGF-I or JB-1 did not modify pituitary sensitivity to exogenous GnRH or GnRH peptide content in the anterior or mediobasal hypothalamus in either young or middle-aged rats. These findings support the hypothesis that brain IGF-I receptor signaling is necessary for GnRH neuron activation under estrogen-positive feedback conditions and that decreased brain IGF-I signaling in middle-aged females contributes, in part, to LH surge dysfunction by disrupting estradiol-sensitive processes that affect GnRH neuron activation and/or GnRH release.
A digital ratemeter for computer applications

Abstract A digital ratemeter was developed to measure event pulses from nuclear detectors. Six of these ratemeters are connected to a minicomputer in a counting room at the Savannah River Laboratory (SRL). However, the hardware count-rate circuits operate independently from the computer; the outputs are connected to the computer through a priority interrupt facility. The count-rate circuits operate in a preset time mode or a preset count mode, and the counting time or total counts can be set by computer program control. The circuits are fabricated with complimentary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) digital logic modules that have excellent characteristics for nuclear instrumentation. Effective combining of both hardware and software make a versatile counting system with wide ranges of counting times and total counts.
Theory of Direct Interaction Inelastic Scattering.

A model is proposed for the description of direct-interaction inelastic scattering in which resolved final states of the target nucleus are observed. This model is expected to be useful in deducing the spins and parities of the excited states of nuclei.
TAYLOR-ARIS DISPERSION DURING LUBRICATION FLOW IN A PERIODIC CHANNEL

Generalized Taylor-Aris dispersion (macrotransport) theory for spatially periodic media is used to study the dispersion of a point-sized particle during pressure-driven flow between two plates whose separation slowly varies in a spatially periodic manner.Invoking a lubrication approximation for the flow field, the macrotransport equations are solved in the long-wavelength asymptotic limit. Remarkably, the leading-order dispersivity during pressure-driven flow is identical to prior studies of electrophoretic and electroosmotic transport in such systems, provided that the O(1) Peclet number is defined in terms of the mean velocity of the particle. Particle velocity fluctuations induced by longitudinal variations in the mean velocity, rather than transverse diffusion in the local parabolic flow, are thus the dominant contribution to dispersion during this lubrication flow.
MEMS electrochemical patency sensor for detection of hydrocephalus shunt obstruction

Currently there are no practical methods to definitively diagnose the obstruction failure of hydrocephalus shunts without surgical intervention, resulting in suboptimal treatment and needless patient suffering. We present the first MEMS electrochemical patency sensor for direct and quantitative tracking of shunt patency and obstruction. The impact of electrode size, temperature, flow, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) plasma sterilization on sensor function was evaluated and sensor performance in the presence of static and dynamic obstruction was demonstrated. Electrode size was found to have a minimal effect on sensor performance and increased temperature and flow resulted in a slight decrease in the baseline impedance (∼8.5%) due to an increase in ionic mobility. H 2 O 2 plasma sterilization also had no effect on sensor performance. This low power and simple format sensor was developed with the intention of future integration into shunts for wireless monitoring of shunt state and more importantly, a more accurate and timely diagnosis of shunt failure.
Temperature solution of five-layer structure with a circular embedded source and its applications

The temperature solution of a five-layer structure with a circular embedded source is reported. The solution is in the form of a single integration rather than the double integration of the solution for a structure with a rectangular source. An algorithm is developed for effective and accurate calculation of the integral solution. Based upon the solution and algorithm, a software program, PAMICE, has been written. Using the circular source solution, the CPU time for temperature calculation is reduced by a factor of 10 as compared to the rectangular source solution. An important application for the solution is the use of a circular source instead of square source as the unit source to produce the unit thermal profile for the real-time thermal design of integrated circuits. The solution is also valuable for the thermal study and analysis of devices having circular sources, such as power transistors, light emitting diodes, and laser diodes. Two application examples are presented. >
The Paleogene California River: Evidence of Mojave-Uinta paleodrainage from U-Pb ages of detrital zircons

U-Pb age spectra of detrital zircons in samples from the Paleogene Colton Formation in the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah and the Late Cretaceous McCoy Mountains Formation of southwestern Arizona (United States) are statistically indistinguishable. This fi nding refutes previous inferences that arkosic detritus of the Colton was derived from cratonic basement exposed by Laramide tectonism, and instead establishes the Cordilleran magmatic arc (which also provided sediment to the McCoy Mountains Formation) as the primary source. Given the existence of a north-south‐trending drainage divide in eastern Nevada and the north-northeast direction of Laramide paleofl ow throughout Arizona and southern Utah, we infer that a large river system headed in the arc of the Mojave region fl owed northeast ~700 km to the Uinta Basin. Named after its source area, this Paleogene California River would have been equal in scale but opposite in direction to the modern Green River‐Colorado River system, and the timing and causes of the subsequent drainage reversal are important constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Cordillera and the Colorado Plateau.
Clinical decision support systems for the practice of evidence-based medicine.

Background: The use of clinical decision support systems to facilitate the practice of evidence-based medicine promises to substantially improve health care quality. Objective: To describe, on the basis of the proceedings of the Evidence and Decision Support track at the 2000 AMIA Spring Symposium, the research and policy challenges for capturing research and practice-based evidence in machine-interpretable repositories, and to present recommendations for accelerating the development and adoption of clinical decision support systems for evidence-based medicine.
Improving nasal tip definition: The bulbous tip

Contemporary rhinoplasty techniques now permit effective refinement of the bulbous nasal tip deformity without compromising structural integrity. By using vertical dome division, widely arched nasal domes can be effectively narrowed through reconfiguration of existing structural elements rather than through overzealous volume reduction. Secure tip support resulting from alar cartilage preservation ensures a stable long-term functional and aesthetic result. The anatomy, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of the bulbous nasal tip are discussed.
On the solutions of the electrical impedance equation, applying quaternionic analysis and pseudoanalytic function theory

We review the state of the art of solutions for the electrical impedance equation div (gamma gradu) = 0 where the function div gamma = sigma + iomegaepsiv is the admitivity, sigma denotes the conductivity, epsiv is the frequency, epsiv is the permittivity, i is the imaginary unit, and u denotes the electric potential. When gamma is a function of three spatial variables, we show how to rewrite the equation into a stationary Schrodinger equation, and using elements of quaternionic analysis, we study one method for factorizing this Schrodinger equationpsilas operator into two first-order differential operators. For the two-dimensional case we show that the electrical impedance equation is equivalent to a particular Vekua equation, and using recent discoveries in Pseudoanalytic Function Theory, we analyze the structure of its solutions. We broach how to solve the inverse Calderon problem in the plane, and finally we mention the concepts that allows us to express the general solution of the electrical equation through Taylor series in formal powers.
CMP at the Wafer Edge – Modeling the Interaction between Wafer Edge Geometry and Polish Performance

As the drive to improve integrated circuit manufacturing yield continues, renewed attention is being paid to the edge of the wafer. The industry is seeking to reduce the edge exclusion region and achieve good performance to within 2 mm or smaller. This creates substantial challenges, both for CMP and for the starting wafer. In this work, we consider two key elements that play a role in non-uniform polish near the edge of the wafer. First, we study the impact of localized pressure on the edge of the wafer as a function of the wafer and retaining ring pressures, gap separation between wafer and retaining ring, and pad material properties (pad Young's modulus). Simulations show that several millimeters into the wafer from the edge can polish either more quickly or more slowly than the center of the wafer, depending on the combination of these parameters. Second, we also consider the impact of wafer edge roll-off (the specific thickness or front surface elevation of the wafer geometry) on polishing uniformity. We again find that the polish uniformity can be affected dramatically, depending on the details of the starting wafer geometry. We believe that several innovations and optimizations are likely to arise in order to meet future wafer edge polish uniformity requirements. These include tool geometry and process improvements, tailoring of the pad material properties, and starting wafer edge geometry optimization and control.