cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(334) The Association between Daily Physical Activity and Pain among Women with Fibromyalgia: The Moderating Role of Pain Catastrophizing

Fibromyalgia is a condition marked by widespread chronic pain and psychological symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to examine the day-to-day association between physical activity and pain intensity among a sample of women with fibromyalgia (FM) and the potential moderation of this association by pain catastrophizing. In this micro-longitudinal daily diary study, FM patients (N =80) completed questionnaires assessing pain (Brief Pain Inventory) and psychosocial functioning (PROMIS-anxiety, depression) and were then asked to report their levels of pain catastrophizing (e.g negative cognitions on pain), physical activity and pain intensity once per day for a period of seven days using an electronic diary. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that association between physical activity and pain intensity was moderated by catastrophizing (B = -0.05 SE = 0.023, p
Anomalous size effects in nanoporous materials induced by high surface energies

Several experiments and molecular dynamics calculations have reported anomalous mechanical behaviors of nanoporous materials that may be attributed to capillary effects. For example, nanoporous gold exhibits a tension–compression asymmetry in yield strength with the material being stronger in compression than tension. In addition, some molecular dynamics calculations have reported a spontaneous collapse of pores in nanoporous gold with nanometer-sized ligaments. Despite these perplexing observations, there are few theoretical models capable of shedding light on such capillary phenomena, particularly under general stress states. Here, we utilize a physics-based model to explore the implications of high surface energies on the mechanical response of dislocation-starved nanoporous materials subject to general stress states. For low stress triaxialities, we report an anomalous size effect and an anomalous temperature-dependence of dislocation-starved nanoporous materials with sufficiently large surface energies. Additionally, we provide an analytic criterion for spontaneous pore collapse in nanoporous materials with nanometer-sized ligaments.
Elucidating the Limit of Li Insertion into the Spinel Li4Ti5O12

In this work, we show that the well-known lithium-ion anode material, Li4Ti5O12, exhibits exceptionally high initial capacity of 310 mAh g–1 when it is discharged to 0.01 V. It maintains a reversib...
Application of Active Aeroelastic Wing Technology to a Joined-Wing Sensorcraft

A study was conducted to investigate the applicability of active-aeroelastic-wing technology to a joined-wing sensorcraft configuration for the purpose of minimization of embedded antenna deformations. The study was performed using a half-span aeroelastic model of a joined-wing sensorcraft design with six control surfaces. These control surfaces were used concurrently to minimize the elastic deformations at structural nodes corresponding to the antenna tip, while trimming the aircraft to a required 1-g level flight, simultaneously satisfying constraints on the allowable hinge moments and maximum control surface deflections. Comparison of antenna displacements for the optimized and baseline cases (using one control surface at a time) demonstrates that the active-aeroelastic-wing concept can be used to significantly reduce the antenna displacements, potentially improving the performance of the embedded antenna system. Aeroelastic displacements from the trim-optimized system are an order-of-magnitude smaller than those of the baseline. These results demonstrate the feasibility of active-aeroelastic-wing technology for the improvement of embedded antenna performance caused by structural deformations.
Culture and the perceived organization of newborn behavior: A comparative study in Kenya and the United States

The behavior of newborns is ambiguous. Cultural models-representations shared by members of a community-provide new parents and others with a cognitive and motivational structure to understand them. This study asks members of several cultural groups (total n = 100) to judge the "similarity" of behavioral items in the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). Data were obtained from NBAS experts, mothers, and undergraduates in Massachusetts, and mothers and high-school students in rural Kenya. Multidimensional scaling of their judgments reveals that NBAS experts were especially attentive to a dimension of State Control-exactly as the scale emphasizes. Kenyan mothers focused on a dimension of motor responsiveness-in accord with their concern and practices regarding motor development, and the Massachusetts mothers organized their judgments around cognitive competence-abilities emphasized in contemporary discussions of early development. The US students appear to be more similar to US mothers than did the Kenya students to the Kenyan mothers. Each adult group's representation reflects their cultural values and goals, and helps them understand the newborn child in local terms.
Evaluation of seismicity of Karachi city in the context of modern building codes

Spectral acceleration is representative of seismic hazard in modern building codes as well as an important parameter used in seismic design these days. Karachi, an economic artery of Pakistan, is located in the vicinity of an active tectonic setting, i.e., triple junction, with uncertain seismicity. Keeping in view the modern seismic design practices, efforts are required to evaluate the seismic hazard of Karachi city in terms of spectral acceleration. This study is focused on the estimation of seismic hazard for the metropolitan city of Karachi in the context of modern building codes. The seismic potential of around 800–900-km circle was considered a threat for the city, and 13 seismic zones (A-1 to A-13) were identified as seismic sources. A seismicity model based on Gutenberg-Richter law was developed, identifying A-1 and A-11 as zones of high seismicity. The ground attenuation model recommended for the Middle East region proposed by Akkar and Bommer was utilized for the computation of different ground motion scenarios. Short-period, SS, and 1-s, S1, spectral acceleration values for considered region were calculated as 1.37 m/s2 and 0.41 m/s2, respectively. In addition, peak ground acceleration (PGA) values for Karachi city were observed to be in a range of 0.7–0.77 m/s2. The results of this study provide bases for the preparation of seismic risk maps, the estimation of earthquake insurance premiums, seismic zonation for region lying on Arabian and Indian plates, and the preliminary site evaluation of critical facilities.
Machine learning and big data in pediatric laboratory medicine

Abstract Clinical laboratories generate a large number of test results, creating opportunities for improved data management and the use of analytics. Aggregate analyses of these data have potential diagnostic value but require labs to utilize computational tools for the analysis of high-dimensional data. Machine learning can be used to aid decision-making, whether for clinical or operational purposes, using a variety of algorithms to analyze complex data sets and make reliable predictions. This chapter discusses key concepts related to big data and its application to pediatric laboratory medicine. Machine learning workflows, concepts, common algorithms, and related infrastructure requirements are also covered.
Parental Response to Only Children: Breaking the Stereotypes

While much has been written about the relationship between only child status and parents’ behavior toward children, and consequent personality and intelligence, little is known about the relationship between only child status, parental response to illness, and subsequent child illness behavior. In this study, 227 mothers of 342 children completed measures designed to assess: (a) their children’s school attendance, (b) their own psychological status, and (c) their own responses to their children’s expressions of stomach pain. Parents of only children were more likely to minimize their children’s gastrointestinal symptoms than were parents of children with at least one sibling. In addition, only children were less likely to miss school. Parental protectiveness did not differ as a function of only child status. These findings are somewhat discrepant with commonly held beliefs about parents’ patterns of responding to only children.
Distribution of Vaccines During a Pandemic (Covid-19)

Covid-19 has affected the lives of people in different ways. A number of models are available in the literature to study the dynamics of a pandemic. However, there are very few models that study the impact of vaccine distribution among different population groups. In this paper, we use a modified epidemiological model which incorporates relationships between different populations to incorporate the impact of vaccine distribution and present results for different vaccine distribution strategies. We have presented how a sharing-based vaccine distribution strategy could be implemented in the face of the spread of the virus. The main finding of our work is that an effective vaccine distribution may differ depending upon the level of interactions among different population groups and a sharing-based vaccine distribution strategy is the most effective strategy. © 2021, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.
COMMERCE AND TRADE Selling and Other Trade Practices: Provide Conditions Under Which a Revolving Credit Account Shall be Presumed to be Signed or Accepted by a Buyer

The Act provides that in a court action brought under the Retail Installment and Home Solicitation Sales Act, in which a seller brings a claim against a buyer whose account is in default, the seller will no longer have to produce an original copy of the credit agreement. The Act provides conditions that, once met, provide presumptive proof that the account has been accepted or signed by the buyer. The Act also provides conditions under which a revolving account becomes effective.
Multidisciplinary Approach for Developing a New Minimally Invasive Surgical Robotic System

The synergy between fundamental science, engineering and medicine is constantly evolving while providing physicians with better tools and techniques for delivering patients effective health care. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) revolutionized the way in which a number of surgical procedures are performed resulting in quicker postoperative recovery times. Surgical robotics provides a new paradigm to further improve MIS interventions. As part of an extensive experimental protocol, the kinematics and the dynamics of MIS tools were acquired from 30 surgeons who performed seven different minimally invasive surgical tasks. These tasks included tissue manipulation, tissue dissection and suturing in-vivo while using the Blue Dragon system and a porcine model. This database served as a design specification for a kinematic optimization of a spherical surgical robotic manipulator. Following the optimization that determined key geometrical dimensions of the robot, a 7-DOF cable-actuated surgical manipulator was designed and integrated, providing all the degrees of freedom of manual MIS as well as wrist joints located at the surgical end-effector. The surgical robotic system is teleoperated utilizing a single bi-directional UDP socket via a remote master device. This multidisciplinary approach of designing and optimizing the surgical robotic system will lead to a seamless integration into the operating room of the future
Columbia Gorge Gap Winds: Their Climatological Influence and Synoptic Evolution

Abstract This paper quantifies the impact of the Columbia Gorge on the weather and climate within and downstream of this mesoscale gap and examines the influence of synoptic-scale flow on gorge weather. Easterly winds occur more frequently and are stronger at stations such as Portland International Airport (KPDX) that are close to the western terminus of the gorge than at other lowland stations west of the Cascades. In the cool season, there is a strong correlation between east winds at KPDX and cooler temperatures in the Columbia Basin, within the gorge, and over the northern Willamette River valley. At least 56% of the annual snowfall, 70% of days with snowfall, and 90% of days with freezing rain at KPDX coincide with easterly gorge flow. Synoptic composites were created to identify the large-scale patterns leading to strong winds, snowfall, and freezing rain in the gorge. These composites showed that all gorge gap flow events are associated with a high-amplitude 500-mb ridge upstream of the Pacific Nor...
Predators increase the risk of catastrophic extinction of prey populations

There has been considerable research on both top-down effects and on disturbances in ecological communities; however, the interaction between the two, when the disturbance is catastrophic, has rarely been examined. Predators may increase the probability of prey extinction resulting from a catastrophic disturbance both by reducing prey population size and by changing ecological traits of prey individuals such as habitat characteristics in a way that increases the vulnerability of prey species to extinction. We show that a major hurricane in the Bahamas led to the extinction of lizard populations on most islands onto which a predator had been experimentally introduced, whereas no populations became extinct on control islands. Before the hurricane, the predator had reduced prey populations to about half of those on control islands. Two months after the hurricane, we found only recently hatched individuals--apparently lizards survived the inundating storm surge only as eggs. On predator-introduction islands, those hatchling populations were a smaller fraction of pre-hurricane populations than on control islands. Egg survival allowed rapid recovery of prey populations to pre-hurricane levels on all control islands but on only a third of predator-introduction islands--the other two-thirds lost their prey populations. Thus climatic disturbance compounded by predation brought prey populations to extinction.
Aspirin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury: Lessons Learned From Animal Models

This review of the mechanisms by which aspirin causes gastric mucosal damage points to the involvement of two potential mechanisms. Aspirin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase, is rapidly deacetylated to salicylate. Salicylate is toxic to cells and affects mucosal barrier function, reduces cytosolic adenosine triphosphate, stimulates sodium transport, and increases proton dissipation from surface epithelial cells. Cyclooxygenase inhibition makes the gastric mucosa more susceptible to injury, inhibits mucus and bicarbonate secretion, alters the physicochemical nature of mucus, stimulates fundic but not antral [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, and reduces epithelial surface hydrophobicity. No single mechanism seems to be involved, It is likely, instead, that the toxic effects of salicylate and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition work in concert to render the mucosa more susceptible to injury, resulting in mucosal damage.
AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS AND TURBULENCE IN FLOCCULATION BASINS

An investigation has been undertaken using laser-Doppler velocimetry and flow visualization to better understand the interactions of turbulent eddies with the component processes of coagulation. Coagulant-aid activation, floc structure and density, and aggregate integrity are of particular interest. A 20 liter flocculation basin with two different paddle assemblies was constructed and examined extensively. The perforated blades produced a far mote energetic gross circulation at modest rates of rotation than obtainable with the hardware cloth paddles, and a larger initial aggregate growth rate. The hardware cloth paddle assembly appeared to produce greater floc volume fraction at large aggregate diameters, however. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the turbulent energy distribution can be manipulated to produce desired floc properties or floc growth patterns.
The Influence of Sodium Chloride on the Activity of Yeast in the Production of Single Cell Protein in Whey Permeate

Abstract Whey can contain substantial amounts (6 to 10%) of sodium chloride, such as whey from the pressing of hard cheese or when from making Domiati cheese where salt is added to milk prior to renneting. Nine different lactose-fermenting yeasts were cultured in shake flasks using Cheddar cheese whey permeate as the fermentation medium. The pH and temperature of growth media were kept at 5 and 32°C, respectively. We studied the effect of 3, 6, or 9% concentrations of sodium chloride on the ability of yeasts to convert whey into biomass. Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus ATCC 28244 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 20401 were more efficient in producing cell mass from 0 to 9% salt permeate than the other strains.
Being Specific about Historical Change: The Influence of Sub-Register

This article argues that historical linguistic change is mediated by register differences at a highly specific level. As a result, seemingly minor differences in register can correspond to meaningf...
Winning Woman Suffrage One Step at a Time: Social Movements and the Logic of the Legislative Process

We describe a theory of legislative logic. This logic is based on the observation that each succeeding stage of the legislative process has increasingly stringent rules and becomes more consequential. This logic unevenly distributes the influence of social movements across the legislative process. Social movements should have less influence at later stages where stringent requirements are more likely to exhaust limited resources and where the consequentiality of action will cause legislators to revoke their support. We apply the theory to a study of state-level woman suffrage legislation. We find that legislators responded to suffragists by bringing the issue of woman suffrage to the legislative forum, but once suffrage bills reached the voting stage, differences in social movement tactics and organization did not have as great an impact.
Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being among MMO players

The current study examined problematic Internet use (PIU) among people who play MMO games and sought to determine whether aspects of the MMO experience are useful predictors of PIU. The study sought to determine whether game-related variables could predict PIU scores after accounting for their relationships with psychosocial well-being. Novel methods allowed us, for the first time, to connect in-game behaviors with survey results of over 4000 MMO players. The results revealed that MMO gaming variables contributed a substantively small, but statistically significant amount of explained variance to PIU scores.
A Novel Mutation Identified in Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation which presents as three distinct phenotypes (neonatal, infantile, and adult onset). CPT II exons from an adult-onset CPT II-deficient patient were amplified and directly sequenced to further investigate the molecular basis of this disorder. A novel mutation, C471T, in exon 4 of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase II gene was found which created a stop codon, TGA, at residue 124 of the protein (R124Stop). This mutation would result in severe protein truncation. This unique mutation was found on one allele while the S113L mutation, previously reported, was present on the other allele.
A resilient condition assessment monitoring system

An architecture and supporting methods are presented for the implementation of a resilient condition assessment monitoring system that can adaptively accommodate both cyber and physical anomalies to a monitored system under observation. In particular, the architecture includes three layers: information, assessment, and sensor selection. The information layer estimates probability distributions of process variables based on sensor measurements and assessments of the quality of sensor data. Based on these estimates, the assessment layer then employs probabilistic reasoning methods to assess the plant health. The sensor selection layer selects sensors so that assessments of the plant condition can be made within desired time periods. Resilient features of the developed system are then illustrated by simulations of a simplified power plant model, where a large portion of the sensors are under attack.
Documenting engineering instrumentation projects

High-quality documentation of instrumentation projects begins with appreciation of the needs of the reader, primarily the successor of the designer. The document should open with a text section that follows the design process in a top-down fashion and includes embedded partial schematics and block diagrams that complement the text. An appendix should include all assembly and schematic drawings used for construction of the system. These should incorporate standard symbols and designations.
Personal and parental problem drinking: effects on problem-solving performance and self-appraisal

This study examined the problem-solving performances and self-appraisals of problem-solving ability of college-age subjects with and without parental history of problem drinking. Contrary to our predictions, children of problem drinkers (COPDs) were rated as somewhat more effective in their problem-solving skills than non-COPDs, undermining prevailing assumptions about offspring from alcoholic households. While this difference was not large and was qualified by other variables, subjects' own alcohol abuse did exert a detrimental effect on problem-solving performance, regardless of parental history of problem drinking. However, a different pattern was evident for problem-solving self-appraisals. Alcohol-abusing non-COPDs saw themselves as effective problem-solvers while alcohol-abusing COPDs appraised themselves as poor problem-solvers. In addition, the self-appraisals of alcohol-abusing COPDs were consistent with objective ratings of solution effectiveness (i.e., they were both negative) while alcohol-abusing non-COPDs were overly positive in their appraisals, opposing the judgments of trained raters. This finding suggests that the relationship between personal alcohol abuse and self-appraised problem-solving abilities may differ as a function of parental history of problem drinking. Limitations on the generalizability of findings are addressed.
Characterization of broadly pleiotropic phenotypes caused by an hfq insertion mutation in Escherichia coli K‐12

The region immediately downstream from the miaA tRNA modification gene at 94.8 min contains the hfq gene and the hflA region, which are important in the bacteriophage Q beta and lambda life cycles. The roles of these genes in bacteria remain largely unknown. We report here the characterization of two chromosomal hfq insertion mutations. An omega (omega) cassette insertion near the end of hfq resulted in phenotypes only slightly different from the parent, although transcript mapping demonstrated that the insertion was completely polar on hflX expression. In contrast, an equally polar omega cassette insertion near the beginning of hfq caused pronounced pleiotropic phenotypes, including decreased growth rates and yields, decreased negative supercoiling of plasmids in stationary phase, increased cell size, osmosensitivity, increased oxidation of carbon sources, increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light, and suppression of bgl activation by hns mutations. hfq::omega mutant phenotypes were distinct from those caused by omega insertions early in the miaA tRNA modification gene. On the other hand, both hfq insertions interfered with lambda phage plaque formation, probably by means of polarity at the hflA region. Together, these results show that hfq function plays a fundamental role in Escherichia coli physiology and that hfq and the hflA-region are in the amiB-mutL-miaA-hfq-hflX superoperon.
Early Adolescents Perceptions of Health and Health Literacy

Background: Health illiteracy is a societal issue that, if addressed successfully, may help to reduce health disparities. It has been associated with increased rates of hospital admission, health care expenditures, and poor health outcomes. Because of this, much of the research in the United States has focused on adults in the health care system. This study investigated the effect of aspects of health literacy on the motivation to practice health-enhancing behaviors among early adolescents. Methods: Measures were generally based on 3 National Health Education Standards for grades 5-8. Data were obtained from 1178 9- to 13-year-old students visiting 11 health education centers in 7 states. Students responded via individual electronic keypads. Results: Multivariate logistic regression revealed that, in addition to age, difficulty understanding health information and belief that kids can do little to affect their future health, decreased the likelihood for interest in and desire to follow what they were taught about health. Further, low interest independently decreased motivation to follow what was taught. Girls were more likely to turn to school, parents, and medical personnel for health information. Older students were more likely to turn to school and to the Internet. Conclusions: Programs and curricula should be designed to increase student interest in health issues and their self-efficacy in controlling their own health destinies. Educators should also teach students to more effectively use nonconventional health information sources such as the Internet, parents, and medical professionals.
Success in Distance Education: Do Learning Styles and Multiple Formats Matter?

abstract Using data collected from 120 students enrolled in nine sections of an undergraduate technical communication course, this study found a number of statistically significant associations between students' learning styles, as defined by the Index of Learning Styles, and nine measures evaluating both academic performance and student preference. The study also measured student performance in collaborative and self-directed versions of the course, as well as full and summer sessions. Reflective learners were found to be the most successful online learners, excelling in collaborative, as well as self-directed versions of the course. Sequential learners also outperformed global learners. Learning styles were not a significant factor in summer-session courses.
Planning Styles in Single-Parent Families.

Planning styles, family characteristics, and sociodemographic factors were exam ined in a purposive sample of 203 single parents. Three planning styles emerged: goal-centered, resource-centered, and constrained. Both single-parent mothers and fathers most frequently used a goal-centered planning style. The resource- centered style was used most often by mothers with higher levels of education or who owned homes and by fathers with smaller households who were in lower occupational statuses. Mothers who used a constrained style were younger or in lower occupational statuses.
A Cluster of Three Novel Ca2+ Channel γ Subunit Genes on Chromosome 19q13.4: Evolution and Expression Profile of the γ Subunit Gene Family ☆

Abstract The CACNG1 gene on chromosome 17q24 encodes an integral membrane protein that was originally isolated as the regulatory γ subunit of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels from skeletal muscle. The existence of an extended family of γ subunits was subsequently demonstrated upon identification of CACNG2 (22q13), CACNG3 (16p12–p13), and CACNG4 and CACNG5 (17q24). In this study, we describe a cluster of three novel γ subunit genes, CACNG6, CACNG7, and CACNG8, located in a tandem array on 19q13.4. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this array is paralogous to the cluster containing CACNG1, CACNG5, and CACNG4, respectively, on chromosome 17q24. We developed sensitive RT-PCR assays and examined the expression profile of each member of the γ subunit gene family, CACNG1–CACNG8. Analysis of 24 human tissues plus 3 dissected brain regions revealed that CACNG1 through CACNG8 are all coexpressed in fetal and adult brain and differentially transcribed among a wide variety of other tissues. The expression of distinct complements of γ subunit isoforms in different cell types may be an important mechanism for regulating Ca2+ channel function.
Metallurgical examination of an M107 projectile fragment

Abstract A fragment of steel from a detonated M107 projectile was examined in order to determine whether the temperature produced by the explosion was extreme enough to melt the bronze rotating band. There was an environmental concern that the detonation temperature may have been high enough to melt and/or vaporize the bronze alloy. Extensive metallographic analysis, hardness testing and scanning electron microscopy were conducted in an attempt to determine the temperature imparted on the projectile. Based on the results of this testing and examination, as well as information provided by the probable manufacturer of this ordnance, it was determined that the temperature reached most likely did not approach the melting point of the bronze rotating band.
Developmental Dyslexia: A Multilevel Syndrome

The study of developmental dyslexia at several levels, from the physiological to the cognitive, has acquired a new energy in the past few years. A debate exists as to whether the condition represents primarily a disorder of perception or a deficit in cognition and metacognitive processes. Neuroanatomical research can shed some light on this debate. Investigation first in human autopsy brains followed by modelling of the findings in experimental animals indicates that anomalies exist at multiple levels and pathways. Thus areas of the brain concerned with perceptual processing, as well as those involved in cognitive and metacognitive tasks, are anatomically affected in dyslexia. Similarly, at least the visual and auditory pathways are affected by the anatomical changes. Moreover, there appears to be, at least in part, a causal relationship between the involvement at different levels and pathways, such that during development—a time of great plasticity—changes at one level or pathway propagate to affect other levels and pathways. It may be inferred from this research that dyslexia represents a complex interaction of both low-level and high-level processing deficits affecting language and perhaps visual performance. Although treatment aimed at correcting deficits at one level or pathway may be helpful, it is suggested that the best forms of treatment will need to deal with the multiple nature of the disorder. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lentiviral vectors for immune cells targeting

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are efficient gene delivery vehicles suitable for delivering long-term transgene expression in various cell types. Engineering LVs to have the capacity to transduce specific cell types is of great interest to advance the translation of LVs toward the clinic. Here we provide an overview of innovative approaches to target LVs to cells of the immune system. In this overview we distinguish between two types of LV targeting strategies: (i) targeting of the vectors to specific cells by LV surface modifications, and (ii) targeting at the level of transgene transcription by insertion of tissue-specific promoters to drive transgene expression. It is clear that each strategy is of enormous value but ultimately combining these approaches may help reduce the effects of off-target expression and improve the efficiency and saftey of LVs for gene therapy.
The killing of Mapepe: Performing postmemory in late twentieth century Vieques, Puerto Rico

Abstract But many forget, with disguising themselves as cheap magicians, that the marvellous begins to be in an unequivocal manner when it surges from an unexpected alteration of reality (the miracle), from a privileged revelation of reality, from a non-habitual or singularly becoming illumination of the inadvertent riches of reality, from an amplification of scales and categories of reality, perceived with particular intensity in light of an exaltation of the spirit that leads it to a kind of ‘extreme state’. To begin, the sensation of the marvellous presupposes a faith. The ones who do not believe in saints cannot be healed by miracles from saints, neither can the ones who are not Quixotes submerge themselves, in body, soul and wealth, in the world of Amadis de Gaula or Tirante el Blanco ... Yet what is the history of all America but a chronicle of the real-marvellous?1
Response of Native American Clients to Three Treatment Methods for Alcohol Dependence

SUMMARY Objective: It is well-documented that American Indians suffer disproportionately high rates of alcohol use disorders as well as correspondingly high rates of alcohol based mortality, health, and social problems. Despite these health disparities, anecdotal evidence continues to guide alcohol treatment approaches in Indian Country, in part due to a dearth of clinical trials with Native Americans. Project MATCH, a multisite clinical trial, included 25 Native Americans (1.4% of the total sample) who were randomized to three psychosocial treatments. Based on cultural compatibility, our a priori hypothesis was that Native Americans in Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) would fare better than those assigned either to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or to Twelve-step Facilitation (TSF). Method: Of 25 Native Americans in Project MATCH, 23 (92%) were interviewed at all six assessment points. Four ANOCOVA's were computed to investigate possible differential treatment response. Results: Despite a small...
The erosion of aluminum by solid particle impingement at oblique incidence

Abstract A rotating arm apparatus was used to study the erosion of polycrystalline aluminum by 1.58 mm diameter WC-6% Co spheres impinging at normal incidence. Dynamic hardness values were obtained from measurements of the impact craters and compared with corresponding quasi-static values. In addition, material removal was monitored gravimetrically, and quantitative information was obtained on threshold and incubation phenomena and steady state erosion behavior. The variation of the velocity dependence of erosion with the number of particle impacts was derived from these data. Supporting scanning electron microscope studies suggest that the mechanism of material removal responsible for ductile erosion at near normal incidence is somewhat different from that which operates at shallower angles. The similarities and differences between these mechanisms are discussed, and it is suggested that together they account for the characteristic variation of ductile erosion with angle of impingement.
Asymptotic birth trajectories in the discrete form of stable population theory

Abstract This paper seeks to supply a hitherto missing link in the reconciliation of the discrete and continuous formulations of stable population theory—see, for example, Keyfitz (“Introduction to the Mathematics of Population,” Chap. 8, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1968). We show that the real exponential component of the birth trajectory has a non-zero (in fact positive) coefficient. Consequently, there is no possibility that oscillatory terms in the series expression for the birth trajectory can be dominant. This is shown by obtaining a formula for the desired coefficient.
The Measurement of Particles Suspended in a stirred vessel using microphotography and digital image analysis

A novel technique to determine the size of particles suspended in a stirred vessel is investigated. The method uses microphotography to obtain a still image of the particles in situ. The equivalent circular diameter of the particles is obtained from the photographs using digital image analysis. The particles used for the test were certified particle size standards of a very small tolerance in diameter deviation. The size comparison was determined as a percent error between the measured particle diameter (equivalent circular diameter) and the diameter established by the particle manufacturer. To determine the limiting ranges of particle size and concentrations, spherical particles in a size range of approximately 1 to 10.0 μm (microns) in diameter were employed in the test. Concentrations varied from 0.00005% to 0.1% (mass basis). For each particle size, an aqueous solution of the particles was prepared at the desired concentration and placed in a stirred vessel. Photographs of the solutions were made at 25.5x, 40x, 60x and 80x magnification. For all sizes of particles, the entire range of concentration was examined. The results indicate a minimum size resolution of approximately 3 μm, in a corresponding concentration range of 0.0001% to 0.05%. Similar limits on concentration were found for the larger diameter particles, although a true upper limit for the largest particle sizes was not established. The functional concentration range appears to shift towards higher mass concentrations with increasing particle size. For 2.92 μm diameter particles, the error in size measurement was found to be below 10% for a concentration range of 0.0005% to 0.05%. Additionally, a relationship between turbidity and the error was seen at low particle concentration levels where decreasing levels of turbidity generated increasing levels of error.
The evolutionary implications of interspecific hybridization among four species of zinnia sect. Mendezia (compositae)

Fertile interspecific hybrids were obtained among four species ofZinnia sect.Mendezia. The collection data and the segregation for ray color in F1 hybrids suggest natural interspecific hybridization. Cytological data suggest that the descent of the four species from a common ancestor was accompanied by reciprocal translocations involving non-homologous chromosomes.
SpGCF1, a sea urchin embryo DNA-binding protein, exists as five nested variants encoded by a single mRNA.

Several Strongylocentrotus purpuratus gene cis-regulatory regions contain asymmetric C_4 sequences which are core elements of target sites for a specific DNA-protein interaction. Blastula stage nuclear extract contains five proteins which specifically bind to these target sites, resulting in a characteristic pattern of complexes in gel mobility shift assays. We used automated affinity chromatography to purify a protein which binds to these sites and have isolated the corresponding cDNA. This protein, SpGCF1, is a novel sea urchin DNA-binding protein with no overall homology to proteins reported in the databases currently available. The DNA-binding domain of this protein was identified by a deletion analysis. As demonstrated both for protein translated in vitro and for bacterial protein expressed from a cDNA clone, a single SpGCF1 mRNA serves as a template for the synthesis of five DNA-binding polypeptides. We show that these five polypeptides are most likely produced by differential usage of a nested set of AUG start codons in the SpGCF1 cDNA and thus contain variable amounts of a proline-rich N-terminal domain. Since proline-rich regions often serve as transcriptional activation domains, the five SpGCF1 proteins apparently possess different "activation potentials."
G1-specific cyclins: in search of an S-phase-promoting factor.

Abstract In building yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two principal cell cycle transitions, from G1 to S phase and from G2 to M phase, are controlled by the same protein kinase, CDC28, a homolog of the cdc2 protein kinase in fission yeast and other organisms. The G1 to S phase activity of the kinase is associated with accumulation of a novel family of G1 cyclins, distinct from cyclins that are required to activate the kinase for G2 to M phase functions. It remains to be determined whether G1 cyclins with similar functions exist in higher cells.
Manager communication and workplace trust: Understanding manager and employee perceptions in the e-world

Today's business environment is populated with individuals who are digitally connected to clients, contractors, managers, and employees. Traditionally, the ways and behaviors of managers had developed and thrived within face-to-face work environments, but as computer-mediated technologies continue to change the boundaries of the business community, permit alternative worksites to increase, and the traditional workday to disappear, the role of the manager has changed. This article focuses on the communication behaviors between managers and their employees, and how these behaviors have changed as digital communication methods have become mainstream within organizations today. The variables of interest are manager communication and workplace trust. The intended outcome is to uncover the expectations that have yet to be agreed upon within the manager-employee e-relationship.
Simulation of pressure pulsations in the breathing circuit of a deep-sea diving system by using the four-pole method

Abstract A method for calculating pressure pulsations in compressor and engine manifolds known as the “four-pole method” is applied to the breathing circuit of a deep-sea diving system. The response of the diver's helmet to the input of two banks of compressors is formulated. A computer is used to solve the response equation and generate the sound pressure level spectrum in the helmet. Results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. The computer simulation is used to examine the effects of such parameters as diver's depth, breathing gas flow rate, cylinder bank phasing and system geometry.
Second harmonic generation imaging of skeletal muscle tissue and myofibrils

Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy is used to examine the morphology and structural properties of intact muscle tissue. Using biochemical and optical analysis, we characterize the molecular structure underlying SHG from the complex muscle sarcomere. We find that SHG from isolated myofibrils is abolished by extraction of myosin, but is unaffected by removal or addition of actin filaments. We thus determined that the SHG emission arises from domains of the sarcomere containing thick filaments. By fitting the SHG polarization anisotropy to theoretical response curves, we find an orientation for the harmonophore that corresponds well to the pitch angle of the myosin rod α-helix with respect to the thick filament axis. Taken together, these data indicate that myosin rod domains are the key structures giving rise to SHG from striated muscle. Using SHG imaging microscopy, we have also examined the effect of optical clearing with glycerol to achieve greater penetration into specimens of skeletal muscle tissue. We find that treatment with 50% glycerol results in a 2.5 fold increase in achievable SHG imaging depth. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis shows quantitatively that the periodicity of the sarcomere structure is unaltered by the clearing process. Also, comparison of the SHG angular polarization dependence shows no change in the supramolecular organization of acto-myosin complexes. We suggest that the primary mechanism of optical clearing in muscle with glycerol treatment results from the reduction of cytoplasmic protein concentration and concomitant decrease in the secondary inner filter effect on the SHG signal. The pronounced lack of dependence of glycerol concentration on the imaging depth indicates that refractive index matching plays only a minor role in the optical clearing of muscle.
Tattooing and high-risk behavior in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of tattooed adolescents in a nationally representative sample and to evaluate the association between tattooing and several high-risk behaviors. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health Public Use Dataset, which provides a nationally representative sample of 6,072 adolescents collected in 1995 and 1996. The association among permanent tattoos, sociodemographic factors, and high-risk behaviors was evaluated using bivariate and logistic regression analyses using SUDAAN. RESULTS: Of the total sample of youths, 4.5% reported having permanent tattoos. Tattooing was significantly associated with older age, living in a single-parent household, and lower socioeconomic status but was not significantly associated with gender, ethnicity, or neighborhood type. Tattooing was strongly associated with peer substance use. Adjusting for sociodemographic factors and peer substance use, tattooing in adolescents was independently and significantly associated with reported sexual intercourse, substance use, violent behaviors, and school problems. CONCLUSION: Permanent tattoos are strongly associated with high-risk behaviors among adolescents. In the clinical setting, the presence of a tattoo noted during clinical examination of an adolescent should prompt in-depth assessment for a variety of high-risk behaviors.
Utility of intraoperative frozen section analysis of surgical margins in region of neurovascular bundles at radical prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives. To report our experience with intraoperative frozen section (IFS) analysis in patients who are potential candidates for nerve-sparing surgery. Potency can be maintained in select patients who undergo radical prostatectomy using a nerve-sparing approach. However, extracapsular disease extension in the area of the neurovascular bundles may compromise adequate surgical margins in some patients undergoing such surgery. Methods. We reviewed the pathologic results from 101 patients who underwent either unilateral or bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy in whom IFS analysis was performed. The clinical disease stage was T1 in 20 patients and T2 in 81 patients. The mean serum prostate-specific antigen level before surgery was 7.2 ng/mL. Of the 101 patients, 62, 28, and 11 had a biopsy Gleason score of 2 to 6, 7, and 8 to 10, respectively. IFS analysis was performed on the surgical margin thought to be at risk of tumor involvement as determined by the results of systematic prostate biopsy, transrectal ultrasonography, or intraoperative inspection. If the frozen section was positive, additional tissue, including the neurovascular bundle, was subsequently removed to establish clear surgical margins. IFS results were compared with those on the final, permanent tissue section, as well as with the status of the additionally resected tissue. Results. The IFS results were identical to those obtained on the final, permanent section in 92 (91%) of the 101 cases. The IFS results showed positive margins in 15 (15%) of 101 patients. Of these cases, 11 demonstrated positive margins on the final permanent sections. Of the 86 patients with negative frozen section diagnosis, 5 had positive surgical margins on permanent sections at the site of the IFS. The positive and negative predictive value for the IFS technique was 73% and 94%, respectively. Of the 15 patients with positive IFS, 12 (80%) had no evidence of tumor in the additionally resected tissue. Prostate-specific antigen recurrence was noted in 7% of the study population. The risk of recurrence in patients with either positive or negative IFS findings was similar. Conclusions. IFS at the time of radical prostatectomy can reliably predict the final surgical margin status in most carefully selected high-risk patients when there are concerns about the margin status.