cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of plastic deformation patterns in a binary aluminum alloy

A whole-field, in-plane strain-mapping technique is evaluated for in situ monitoring of plastic deformation patterns in aluminum sheet metals. This technique is built on the recent developments in digital image correlation and improved data reduction procedures. The sensitivity and accuracy of the measured local strain variations are critically examined in terms of random and systematic experimental errors, free-surface roughening due to large plastic deformation and microscopic surface grain deformation. Tensile specimens made from an annealed Al−Mg alloy sheet metal are subjected to a large plastic and macroscopically uniform deformation, and no visible deformation patterns can be identified by direct surface observation. Using an incremental strain-mapping approach, the existence of nonstationary deformation bands in the annealed Al−Mg alloy is uncovered. The developed technique can be used to study the formation and evolution of plastic deformation patterns and their effect on tensile ductility, formability and surface finish of sheet metals.
The apical ectodermal ridge is a timer for generating distal limb progenitors

The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a transient embryonic structure essential for the induction, patterning and outgrowth of the vertebrate limb. However, the mechanism of AER function in limb skeletal patterning has remained unclear. In this study, we genetically ablated the AER by conditionally removing FGFR2 function and found that distal limb development failed in mutant mice. We showed that FGFR2 promotes survival of AER cells and interacts with Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during AER maintenance. Interestingly, cell proliferation and survival were not significantly reduced in the distal mesenchyme of mutant limb buds. We established Hoxa13 expression as an early marker of distal limb progenitors and discovered a dynamic morphogenetic process of distal limb development. We found that premature AER loss in mutant limb buds delayed generation of autopod progenitors, which in turn failed to reach a threshold number required to form a normal autopod. Taken together, we have uncovered a novel mechanism, whereby the AER regulates the number of autopod progenitors by determining the onset of their generation.
Making Management Matter: An Interview With John Reed

John S. Reed, born February 7, 1939 is well known as the former chairman of CitiCorp and for his role as interim chairman and CEO of the New York Stock Exchange. Reed is also known for his scientif...
Activated macrophages mediate interferon-independent inhibition of herpes simplex virus

Abstract Activated macrophages exhibit extrinsic antiviral activity (inhibition of virus replication in other cells) which may involve mechanisms similar to macrophage antitumor activity or macrophage-mediated immunosuppression. Peritoneal macrophages elicited in mice by Corynebacterium parvum vaccine suppressed the growth of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in infected cells by an interferon-independent mechanism. This was demonstrated by expression of activity against HSV-infected xenogeneic (Vero) cells. Culture supernatant fluids also did not mediate antiviral activity, and did not contain detectable levels of interferon (
Studies of fluorescence in Drosophila compound eyes: changes induced by intense light and vitamin A deprivation

Ultraviolet light excites a red fluorescence fromDrosophila R1–6 rhabdomeres which is superimposed on a blue background emission. Metarhodopsin (M570) pigment generates some or all of the vitamin A dependent red emission. However, the excitation spectrum for red emission peaks in the UV. This suggests that the pigment which sensitizes R1–6's visual pigment to UV light (sensitizing pigment) absorbs the UV light, sensitizing metarhodopsin's fluorescence by energy transfer. Blue emission is neither from sensitizing pigment nor from visual pigment as shown by vitamin A deprivation studies. Very intense UV or blue stimulation causes these changes: (1) conversion of visual pigment into a fluorescent product; (2) destruction of this fluorescent product; (3) a decrease in the blue background fluorescence (even in vitamin A deprived flies); and (4) a permanent destruction of visual pigment and retinal degeneration. The first effect requires intensities 3 log units brighter than needed to interconvert rhodopsin and metarhodopsin 1/2 way to photoequilibrium. UV light is about 5 times as effective as blue light for the conversion of visual pigment into fluorescent product.
Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Expanding Sociological Horizons in the Twenty-First Century: 2000 Presidential Address to the Pacific Sociological Association

Two research stories provide a means of looking backward at our discipline over the twentieth century and of thinking about moving forward in the twenty-first. These stories recount individuals' quest for control when their moral status is threatened. Both research stories and sociological stories render reality, subscribe to rules for such renderings, contain an inner logic, and make moral claims for credibility. When looking backward at the discipline, sociologists need to build on the classical theorists, not dismiss them. At the millennium sociological theory and methods are contested; and challenges to foundational assumptions that gained momentum in the late 1960s have recently been raised anew. Moving forward in the twenty-first century means recommitting ourselves to empirical inquiry and basing our moral claims on it. I call for acknowledging the diversity of sociological approaches, agreeing on strong standards for each approach, and recognizing and examining our disciplinary moral claims.
Effect of Dissolved Cobalt(II) on the Ozonation of Oxalic Acid

Cobalt(II) was examined as an ozonation catalyst. Laboratory-scale batch ozonation experiments were run at near-neutral pH and 24 °C. A hydroxyl radical probe compound, p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA), was also included in the solution matrix. Batch experiments showed that trace amounts of cobalt(II) accelerated the ozonation of oxalate. The rate of oxalate removal increased with decreasing pH from pH 6.7 to pH 5.3. The presence of cobalt(II) also increased the removal rate of pCBA indicating that the generation of hydroxyl radicals are byproducts of cobalt(II)-catalyzed ozonation of oxalate. It is proposed that the first step in the catalytic ozonation reaction pathway is the formation of a cobalt(II)−oxalate complex. Cobalt(II) oxalate is then oxidized by ozone to form cobalt(III) oxalate. The catalytic cycle is completed with decomposition of the cobalt(III) complex to form cobalt(II) and an oxalate radical. Assuming that cobalt, oxalate, and water were in equilibrium, the second-order reaction rate consta...
Nuclear Data Sheets Update for A = 231

Abstract Experimental data pertaining to nuclear structure of nuclei with mass number A=231 have been complied and evaluated.
Temperature-to-power mapping

Accurate power maps are useful for power model validation, process variation characterization, leakage estimation, and power optimization, but are hard to measure directly. Deriving power maps from measured thermal maps is the inverse problem of the power-to-temperature mapping, extensively studied through thermal simulation. Until recently this inverse heat conduction problem has received little attention in the microarchitecture research community. This paper first identifies the source of difficulties for the problem. The inverse mapping is then performed by applying constraints from microarchitecture-level observations. The inherent large sensitivity of the resultant power map is minimized through thermal map-filtering and constrained least-squares optimization. Choices of filter parameters and optimization constraints are investigated and their effects are evaluated. Furthermore, the paper highlights the differences between the grid and block modeling in the inverse mapping which were often ignored by previous schemes. The proposed methods reduce the mapping error by more than 10× compared to unoptimized solutions. To our best knowledge this is the first work to quantitatively evaluate and minimize the noise effect in the temperature to power mapping problem at the microarchitecture level for both grid and block mode, and for the steady and transient case.
Pedal hemangiomas in Turner syndrome

From the Departments of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Northwestern University Medical School. Reprint requests: Amy S. Paller, M.D., Department of Dermatology, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Chicago, IL 60614. of dusky red tiny papules was present on the dorsum of the right foot (Figure, A). Slightly elevated, deeply erythematous lesions with figurate borders and clear centers, which became suffused with dependency or crying, were located on the soles of both feet. By 3 months of age, the lesions were resolving. Although a few new rings had appeared, they were clearing as well. The lymphedema was unchanged. By 6 months of age, both lymphedema and hemangiomas were resolved. Patient 2 was first noted to have pedal lesions at 4 weeks of age. There were six violaceous annular patches with soft edematous centers on the lateral and plantar surfaces of the feet (Figure, B); the largest measured 2 cm in diamete/'. A biopsy of one of the lesions demonstrated the features of a capillary hemangioma. By 6 weeks of age, the lesions had almost disappeared, although the lymphedema persisted. Over the following six months of pedal vascular lesions have not cleared entirely. New, similar ringed lesions have developed on the feet. All of these rings wax and wane in intensity, as does the persisting lymphedema. There appears to be no correlation between the extent of the lymphedema and lesions at any fixed time. Patient 3 was observed to have a 2 cm annular lesion with a raised red border on the dorsum of the right foot at the base of the
Hybrid-system simulation for National Airspace System safety analysis

Analysis of large, complex systems requires simulations of hybrid-system dynamics, i.e., dynamics which are best described by a combination of continuous-time and discrete-event models, and their interactions. To serve as valuable research tools, such simulations need also be computationally efficient, readily modifiable, and open to a wide range of component modules. This paper describes the development of a simulation architecture meeting these criteria. The issues with its development are described conceptually, and its application to the task of safety analysis of the national airspace system is discussed. In particular, an object-oriented approach to hybrid-system simulation is detailed, and computationally efficient methods of updating the simulation are described and compared.
How sound is the science behind the dietary recommendations for dairy

This review examined the evidence behind dietary guidelines for dairy. Most countries recommend consumption of dairy products; and when amounts are specified, recommendations are typically for 2 or 3 servings per day. Specific recommendations for dairy products are based partly on culture and availability but primarily on meeting nutrient requirements. Dairy products are a rich source of many minerals and vitamins as well as high-quality protein. Thus, dairy consumption is a marker for diet quality. A recent report found that yogurt specifically is a good marker of diet quality. The food patterns recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee (DGAC) include 3 cups of low-fat milk and milk products. Few people achieve their recommended intakes of several shortfall nutrients without meeting their recommendations for dairy. The evidence for a benefit of dairy consumption is moderate for bone health in children but limited in adults and moderate for cardiovascular disease, blood pressure, and diabetes and limited for metabolic syndrome. Newer data since the recommendations of the 2010 DGAC are presented. However, the strength of the evidence for dairy consumption and health is limited by the lack of appropriately powered randomized controlled trials.
Clinician characteristics and use of novel electronic health record functionality in primary care.

Background Conventional wisdom holds that older, busier clinicians who see complex patients are less likely to adopt and use novel electronic health record (EHR) functionality. Methods To compare the characteristics of clinicians who did and did not use novel EHR functionality, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the intervention arm of a randomized trial of new EHR-based tobacco treatment functionality. Results The novel functionality was used by 103 of 207 (50%) clinicians. Staff physicians were more likely than trainees to use the functionality (64% vs 37%; p<0.001). Clinicians who graduated more than 10 years previously were more likely to use the functionality than those who graduated less than 10 years previously (64% vs 42%; p<0.01). Clinicians with higher patient volumes were more likely to use the functionality (lowest quartile of number of patient visits, 25%; 2nd quartile, 38%; 3rd quartile, 65%; highest quartile, 71%; p<0.001). Clinicians who saw patients with more documented problems were more likely to use the functionality (lowest tertile of documented patient problems, 38%; 2nd tertile, 58%; highest tertile, 54%; p=0.04). In multivariable modeling, independent predictors of use were the number of patient visits (OR 1.2 per 100 additional patients; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and number of documented problems (OR 2.9 per average additional problem; 95% CI 1.4 to 6.1). Conclusions Contrary to conventional wisdom, clinically busier physicians seeing patients with more documented problems were more likely to use novel EHR functionality.
Prolapse repair with and without apical resuspension-Practice patterns among certifying American urologists.

Aims To examine surgeon characteristics in certifying urologists performing prolapse surgeries. Anterior compartment prolapse is often associated with apical prolapse, with high rates of recurrence when anterior repair is performed without apical resuspension. Methods Six-month case log data of certifying urologists between 2003 and 2013 was obtained from the American Board of Urology (ABU). Cases with a CPT code for common prolapse repairs in females ≥18 years were analyzed. Results Among 2,588 urologists logging at least one prolapse surgery and a total of 30,983 surgeries, 320 (1.0% of all cases) uterosacral ligament suspension, 3,673 (11.9%) sacrospinous ligament suspension, and 2,618 (8.4%) abdominal sacrocolpopexy were identified. The remaining 14,585 cases were logged as anterior repair. 54.7% of anterior repairs did not include apical suspension. The proportion of anterior repairs without apical suspension has decreased from 77.7% in 2004 to 41.4% in 2012 (P < 0.001). Female subspecialists before 2011 performed anterior repair without apical suspension in 58.5%, versus 70.3% by all others. Since 2011 there has been a decrease in number of anterior repairs without apical suspension, notably in those applying for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) certification (17.1% vs. 30.7% by all other urologists, P < 0.001); nonacademically affiliated urologists are 2.1 times more likely to report anterior repair without apical suspension than academically affiliated colleagues (P < 0.001). Conclusions The proportion of prolapse repairs reported as anterior repairs without apical suspension is decreasing, although it remains a substantial portion. Recent log year, FPMRS, and academic affiliation were associated with prolapse repairs addressing apical support. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:344–348, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Total Self-Esteem Scores on Coopersmith's Inventory for Pupils from India and the United States

Studies comparing self-esteem and ethnicity are both limited and contradictory. The present study was designed to compare 200 pupils, aged 10 to 14 years, from India and the United States on self-e...
A representation of the solution of the nth order linear difference equation with variable coefficients

Abstract The linear difference equation of the n th order with variable coefficients and a related difference equation are considered. It is shown that, for each problem, the determinants of submatrices of a single solution matrix provides the solution sequence. Applications to sequences and series are shown. Results on Toeplitz matrices involving the roots of associated polynomial equations are obtained.
Cytokines in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy

We determined whether interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor are present in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The levels of these cytokines were measured by specific enzyme-linked immunoassays in vitreous from 30 patients with PDR, 13 patients with PVR, and 26 control individuals, including 10 cadaver eyes and 16 patients with idiopathic macular holes, idiopathic macular puckers, vitreous hemorrhages, or uncomplicated retinal detachments. Detectable levels of interleukin-8 were found in 90% of vitreous samples of patients with PDR, 85% with PVR, and 58% of control samples. IL-8 was significantly increased in PDR (mean +/- SEM; 25.0 +/- 5.3 ng/ml; p = 0.01), but not in PVR (11.9 +/- 3.9 ng/ml; p = 0.50) compared to control human vitreous (8.5 +/- 2.5 2.5 ng/ml). MCP-1 was detected in 90% of vitreous samples of patients with PDR, 92% with PVR, and 81% of control samples. MCP-1 was significantly increased in PDR (6.2 +/- 0.9 ng/ml, p = 0.001) and PVR (7.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml, p = 0.001) over the levels in control vitreous (1.2 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). M-CSF was detected in 94% of vitreous samples of patients with PDR, 88% with PVR, and 92% from control vitreous. M-CSF was significantly elevated in PDR (32.3 +/- 8.3 ng/ml, p = 0.03), but not in PVR (23.6 +/- 12.8 ng/ml, p = 0.4) compared to control (10.7 +/- 3.5 ng/ml). Our results suggest that IL-8, MCP-1, and M-CSF participate in the pathogenesis of PDR and PVR.
Environmental factors and mental health

Exposures to a range of environmental factors have an impact of the neurobehavioral development of children. New techniques show early effects in …
A Web-based interactive Student Advising system using Java frameworks

The use of open source frameworks and tools has become popular in Java development. These frameworks and tools have core strengths and weaknesses and are selected accordingly for development. Consequently, one of the key issues that developers face is to integrate and configure these tools together. This paper demonstrates the use of popular Java frameworks and tools to develop a Web-based interactive Student Registration and Advising system.
Relationship of serum cholesterol and truncal body fat distribution among Mexican Americans is accentuated by obesity.

The relationship of body fat distribution to serum cholesterol levels was evaluated in a sample of 3,040 Mexican Americans 18-74 years of age from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) conducted from 1982-1984. Fat distribution was determined by the ratio of trunk to extremity skinfold thicknesses, while the sum of skinfold thicknesses was used as an indicator of total body fat. Results of this study indicate that: 1) Mexican Americans are significantly fatter and have a higher trunk/extremity skinfold ratio than U.S. standards; 2) despite their higher level of total body fat and truncal fat, Mexican Americans have lower serum cholesterol levels than U.S. standards; 3) Mexican American males at the same percentile level of fatness or trunk/extremity skinfold ratio have significantly higher serum cholesterols than females, despite the fact that females have higher absolute values of fat and truncal fat than males; 4) among Mexican American males the association between truncal fat distribution and hypercholesteremia increases with level of fatness. In other words, in Mexican American males the association of truncal fat distribution with hypercholesteremia is accentuated by obesity. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interactive viewpoint modification for multiple perspective views

From two real time camera video outputs a limited range of new perspective views can be created consistent with the individual camera positions and resolutions. This approach is readily extended to multiple cameras which improves range and or resolution. This has application in video teleconferencing where user control of the viewpoint would provide new capability for remote presentation of true three dimensional objects. This would have value for either a single perspective view or for simultaneous presentation of a stereo pair of separate left and right eye views. The user could remotely change the perspective view in a manner equivalent to typical physical observer motion in the examination of a real object. This could also have application in passive navigation for autonomous vehicles where information on trajectories predicted from video input would supplement input from other instrumentation. For both applications, new views can be created either by explicitly creating a three dimensional scene model, from the multiple views of by using interpolation and masking operations to create new views from an implicit model. Algorithms for performing these operations are presented and performance limitations are determined.
Application of the precautionary approach in the national standard guidelines for conservation and management of fisheries in the United States

The passage of the Sustainable Fisheries Act (SFA) by the US Congress in 1996 fundamentally changed the approach to fisheries management in the United States. While an objective of the Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (Magnuson–Stevens Act), the US Federal law controlling fisheries management in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), had always been to prevent overfishing, the attendant mechanisms for accomplishing the objective were not included in law. Some of the most significant amendments of the SFA were the addition of three new national standards, against which all proposed fishery conservation and management measures are measured, and the amendment of several other existing standards. Among the most important changes from the standpoint of conservation were changes that relate to national standard 1, regarding the prevention of overfishing and the rebuilding of overfished resources. Although the SFA did not use the term ‘‘precautionary approach’’ explicitly, the concept is implicitly expressed in several provisions of that Act. In developing the guidelines for implementation of the national standards, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) incorporated precautionary concepts to ensure that compliance with the SFA’s measures to prevent and end overfishing are satisfied. In addition, the NMFS developed further technical guidance to assist fishery scientists and managers in providing advice that appropriately considers risk, relative to the scientific information available, such that meaningful protection is afforded marine stocks and stock complexes. Such protection extends not only to consideration of stock recruitment, but also to maintenance of sustainable levels of stock biomass and biodiversity. 1999 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Investigation of Coarse-Grained Mesoscale Molecular Models for Mechanical Properties Simulation, as Parameterized Through Molecular Modeling

The current paper applies both molecular modeling and mesoscale modeling to determine modulus and defect formation in epoxy and epoxy-copper interfaces. The results will show that molecular modeling may be applied directly to parameterize the bead properties used in the mesoscale model, which scales to the physical properties. By parameterizing the mesoscale bead based upon repeat units, it was shown that scaling can be achieved in a larger step than parameterization based upon the typical functional group bead.
Comparison of acute versus subacute treatment of terrible triad injuries of the elbow.

Purpose To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in flexion arc or Broberg and Morrey rating between patients treated within 2 weeks of the injury ( acute treatment ) and those treated 3 weeks or more after injury with persistent or recurrent dislocation or subluxation ( subacute treatment ). Methods The acute cohort consisted of 18 patients treated an average 6 days after injury. The radial head was replaced in 17 patients and repaired with screw in 1, the coronoid was secured with suture in all patients and with an additional screw in 2, and the lateral collateral ligament was reattached in all patients. No external fixators were applied. Four of 14 patients in the subacute cohort had 5 operative procedures before presenting to us. All patients presented with instability and were treated an average 7 weeks after injury. Except for 1 patient who presented with an active infection, all patients were treated with radial head replacement and lateral collateral ligament repair, and fixation or reconstruction of the coronoid occurred in 9 patients. Stability was protected with a hinged external fixator for an average of 6 weeks. Results Five patients in the acute cohort and 1 in the subacute cohort had 8 subsequent surgeries (addressing stiffness in 3 patients). Prior to subsequent surgeries, the flexion arc averaged 116° in the acute cohort and 93° in the subacute cohort and improved to an average 119° in the acute cohort and 100° in the subacute cohort after all subsequent surgeries. Broberg and Morrey scores were comparable between cohorts (90 vs 87 points). Conclusions Stability and strength were restored with both acute and subacute treatment, but earlier treatment is more straightforward and is associated with a better flexion arc. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.
An architectural design for parallel fractal compression

Fractal image compression has many features that makes it a powerful compression scheme, but it has been mainly restricted to archival storage due to its time consuming encoding algorithm. In this paper, we take a known quad-tree fractal encoding algorithm and design an ASIC parallel image processing array that can encode reasonably sized gray-scale images in real-time. In designing this architecture, we include novel optimizations that result in speed improvements at the algorithmic, architectural, and circuit levels.
Scalable Routing in Cyclic Mobile Networks

The nonexistence of an end-to-end path poses a challenge in adapting traditional routing algorithms to delay-tolerant networks (DTNs). Previous works have covered centralized routing approaches based on deterministic mobility, ferry-based routing with deterministic or semideterministic mobility, flooding-based approaches for networks with general mobility, and probability-based routing for semideterministic mobility models. Unfortunately, none of these methods can guarantee both scalability and delivery. In this paper, we extend the investigation of scalable deterministic routing in DTNs with repetitive mobility based on our previous works. Instead of routing with global contact knowledge, we propose a routing algorithm that routes on contact information compressed by three combined methods. We address the challenge of efficient information aggregation and compression in the time-space domain while maintaining critical information for efficient routing. Then, we extend it to handle a moderate level of uncertainty in contact prediction. Analytical studies and simulation results show that the performance of our proposed routing algorithm, DTN hierarchical routing (DHR), is comparable to that of the optimal time-space Dijkstra algorithm in terms of delay and hop count. At the same time, the per-node storage overhead is substantially reduced and becomes scalable.
The Effect of Short-Term Testosterone Administration on Serum FSH, LH and Testosterone Levels: Evidence for Selective Abnormality in LH Control in Patients with Klinefelter's Syndrome

ABSTRACT The pituitary-gonadal feedback control mechanisms were evaluated in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) by measuring the gonadotropin response to the administration of testosterone. A similar evaluation was performed on normal men for comparison. Six patients with KS and 4 normal men received 100 mg testosterone propionate intramuscularly (im) daily for 4 days. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) titers were measured before, then daily during testosterone administration, and for 4 consecutive days following the last dose. Serum LH levels in the patients with KS initially fell but then increased to baseline values or above. The rise in serum LH levels occurred while testosterone was still being administered and serum testosterone levels were markedly elevated. In contrast, serum LH levels remained depressed in the normal males following testosterone administration. FSH levels showed comparable suppression in the 2 groups. The biphasic serum LH response...
Absorbing boundary conditions applied to model wave propagation in microwave integrated-circuits

A general expression of an absorbing boundary condition is presented in this paper to model wave propagation in passive microwave integrated-circuits by the finite-difference time-domain method. Unlike previously developed absorbing boundary conditions which can only absorb propagating waves, this boundary condition can also absorb evanescent waves effectively. The microstrip line is used as an example to demonstrate how to impose this absorbing boundary condition on different outer boundaries of a computation-domain. It is also demonstrated that the numerical stability of this absorbing boundary condition, when it is applied in its high order form, can be maintained by properly selecting its parameters. >
Architectural trades for an advanced geostationary atmospheric sounding instrument

The process of formulating a remote sensing instrument design from a set of observational requirements involves a series of trade studies during which judgments are made between available design options. The outcome of this process is a system architecture which drives the size, weight, power consumption, cost, and technological risk of the instrument. In this paper, a set of trade studies are described which guided the development of a baseline sensor design to provide vertical profiles (soundings) of atmospheric temperature and humidity from future Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) platforms. Detailed trade studies presented include the choice between an interferometric versus a dispersive spectrometer, the optical design of the IR interferometer and visible imaging channel, the optimization of the instrument spatial response, the selection of detector array materials, operating temperatures, and array size, the thermal design for detector and optics cooling, and the electronics required to process detected interferograms into spectral radiance. The trade study process was validated through simulations of the radiometric performance of the instrument, and through simulated retrievals of vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity. The flexibility of these system trades is emphasized, highlighting the differing outcomes that occur from this process as system requirements evolve. Observations are made with respect to the reliability and readiness of key technologies. The results of this study were disseminated to industry to assist their interpretation of, and responses to, system requirements provided by the U.S. Government.
Statistical Analysis of Transiently Trapped Multiple Nanoparticles in Optical Confinement

Recently Junio et al. showed that optical trapping potential energies for nanoparticles can be determined by an ensemble analysis of multiple particles in an optical bottle [1, 2]. This paper reports a new study that uses statistical analysis to investigate the spatial distribution of the particles inside the optical bottle. The purpose of this study is to determine the 2D spatial distribution of the trapping potential energy U(r) for polystyrene nanoparticles transiently trapped by a focused Gaussian beam.
Performance-driven interface contract enforcement for scientific components

Several performance-driven approaches to selectively enforce interface contracts for scientific components are investigated. The goal is to facilitate debugging deployed applications built from plug-and-play components while keeping the cost of enforcement within acceptable overhead limits. This paper describes a study of global enforcement using a priori execution cost estimates obtained from traces. Thirteen trials are formed from five, single-component programs. Enforcement experiments conducted using twenty-three enforcement policies are used to determine the nature of exercised contracts and the impact of a variety of sampling strategies. Performance-driven enforcement appears to be best suited to programs that exercise moderately expensive contracts.
Examining New Dimensions of Firm-Stakeholder Relationships through Social Media

The nature of the firm-stakeholder relationship is gaining increasing attention. Although the literature recognizes stakeholder dynamism may exist, most prior work treats relevant stakeholders or t...
Bibliographic Analysis of Disease Control Organizations in Schistosomiasis Epidemic Counties of Sichuan Province,2000-2011

Objective To understand academic level and technology capability in faculty of disease control organizations in epidemic schistosomiasis counties in Sichuan Province.Methods Through Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang Data,theses were searched,which were published by disease control organizations in 9 national schistosomiasis surveillance counties in Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2011.The bibliographic data were analyzed by Excel.Results Totally 210 thesis were published in 38 journals from 2000 to 2011.There was an uptrend in the number of thesis published from 2000 to 2011.The first authors of 150 thesis came from disease control organizations,which accounted for 71.43%;147 theses were on schistosmiasis,accounted for 70.00% and 70 thesis were cited,with a citation number of 116 and average citation number of 1.66.As many as 43.27% of thesis on schistosomiasis were theses on surveillance.Conclusion The number of thesis published in schistosomiasis epidemic counties showed an uptrend;the thesis on schistosomiasis took up the most proportion in all thesis,and theses on surveillance played an important role in schistosomiasis thesis.
Nutrition Therapy in the Organ Donor: Theoretical Benefits and Barriers to Implementation

While standardized organ donor management has maximized the number of organs successfully transplanted in the past 10 years, organ donor management prior to the procurement operation does not typically include nutrition therapy. The value of providing nutrition therapy in critically ill patients relates to reductions seen in infection and multiple organ failure, especially with early enteral feeding. Preventing infection and maintaining organ function prior to organ transplantation are key strategies in the management of the donor population. This paper discusses the rationale for providing nutrition therapy to critically ill brain-dead organ donors, highlighting potential benefits, issues with implementation, the importance of timing, and the potential risks which may be involved. While little experience exists in the literature, the potential benefits which might be incurred warrant consideration for initiating nutrition therapy in this patient population.
The Story of Captain Baby Face and the Coffee Maker: An Entrepreneurial Narrative Perspective on Corruption

This article calls into question the frequently used negative moral labels assigned to corruption by describing gift giving as a form of narrative entrepreneurship that bridges ontologies between p...
Measurement of uncertainty for blood alcohol concentration by headspace gas chromatography

ABSTRACTMeasurement of uncertainty has recently become more relevant to the science of forensic toxicology for a variety of reasons. From accreditation to court testimony, measurement of uncertainty is being requested to accompany case results. The Toxicology Bureau of the New Mexico Department of Health has conducted a study to estimate a reasonable uncertainty for the mass concentration of ethanol, methanol, acetone, and isopropanol (g/100 mL) determined through dual capillary column headspace gas chromatography. In this measurement of uncertainty for BAC, alcohol encompasses ethanol, methanol, acetone, and isopropanol, and all four analytes are included in the final expanded uncertainty. One expanded uncertainty value incorporates all four analytes, simplifies the calculation, and streamlines the reporting process of the estimation of error. Three major groups were used in the estimation of the blood alcohol concentration expanded uncertainty: GC calibration adjustment slope, GC analytical, and certifi...
Dark energy with w →-1 : Asymptotic Λ versus pseudo-Λ

If the dark-energy density asymptotically approaches a nonzero constant, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$, then its equation of state parameter $w$ necessarily approaches $\ensuremath{-}1$. The converse is not true; dark energy with $w\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}1$ can correspond to either ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ or ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. This provides a natural division of models with $w\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}1$ into two distinct classes: asymptotic $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$) and pseudo-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ (${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$). We delineate the boundary between these two classes of models in terms of the behavior of $w(a)$, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{DE}}(a)$, and $a(t)$. We examine barotropic and quintessence realizations of both types of models. Barotropic models with positive squared sound speed and $w\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{-}1$ are always asymptotically $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$; they can never produce pseudo-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ behavior. Quintessence models can correspond to either asymptotic $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ or pseudo-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ evolution, but the latter is impossible when the expansion is dominated by a background barotropic fluid. We show that the distinction between asymptotic $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ and pseudo-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ models for $wg\ensuremath{-}1$ is mathematically dual to the distinction between pseudorip and big/little rip models when $wl\ensuremath{-}1$.
The Sacred and the Secular: Aligning a Marianist Mission with Professional Standards of Practice in an Educational Leadership Doctorial Program

This inquiry was conducted to explore how the characteristics of our university’s religious mission are interwoven into our educational leadership doctoral program and are manifest in the structure and learning experiences that our students encounter. We examined how these characteristics might correspond to or relate to the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) standards that resulted from national reform initiatives in educational leadership in the mid 1990s. We concluded that the foundations of the PhD program are built solidly on the distinctive characteristics and identity of our founders and are aligned with these professional standards as well. Implications for universities include our conclusion that when the distinctive mission of a university aligns with the professional standards of a field, more effective leadership preparation will result.
Agonistic and Affiliative Relationships of Adult Female Howlers ( Alouatta palliata ) in Costa Rica Over a 4-Year Period

We observed 12 adult female mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata), which have been part of Group 2 at Hacienda La Pacifica, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, via focal animal sampling during portions of July and August of 1988 and 1990–1992 (7–9 females/year, 955.3 hr of observation). We used agonistic interactions and time in proximity (<1 m) as indices of social relationships. The rate of female–female agonistic interactions was 0.38/hr (yearly range: 0.24 to 0.51/hr). Yearly dominance hierarchies, based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic interactions, varied in linearity between 60.7 and 94.6%. Adult females spent 7.10% of their time in proximity to another adult female (yearly range: 1.04–15.64%) and 4.95% of their time in proximity to an adult male (yearly range: 2.27–7.51%). Using yearly dominance ranks, we tested proximity patterns for differences based on rank and presence of dependent offspring. In 3 of the 4 years, high-ranking females spent significantly greater proportions of their time in proximity with other females than did low-ranking females. Time in proximity with the 3 or 4 adult males was not associated with rank. Having a dependent infant was not related to the proportion of time in proximity to females or males, and females, especially top-ranking ones, spent more time in proximity to females with dependent infants than to females without infants. These results show that social relationships in mantled howler groups are dynamic and generally support predictions made by von Schaik (1989) regarding scramble-type, female competitors. We also discuss the roles of immigrations, infants, and male relationships in the patterning of social relationships.
Long-Term Survival (10 Years or More) in 30 Patients With Primary Amyloidosis

The median survival in primary systemic (AL) amyloidosis is less than 18 months. No published series of patients with AL amyloidosis have reported survival of more than 10 years. The records of all Mayo Clinic patients with a diagnosis of AL amyloidosis between January 1, 1966 and March 1, 1987 were reviewed. Patients with secondary amyloidosis, familial amyloidosis, senile systemic amyloidosis, and localized amyloidosis were excluded. During the 21 years of the study, 841 patients with AL amyloidosis were seen. Of these, 29 were excluded because the diagnosis was made at autopsy, and 2 others were excluded because no follow-up data were available. Actuarial survival for the 810 patients was 51% at 1 year, 16% at 5 years, and 4.7% at 10 years. Thirty patients survived for 10 years or more after the histologic diagnosis of AL amyloidosis; all received alkylating-agent therapy. In 14 patients, the monoclonal protein disappeared from the serum or urine. Of 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome, 4 had an objective response. Congestive heart failure, older age, creatinine value of 2 mg/dL or more, bone marrow plasma cell value of 20% or more, platelet count of 500 x 10(9)/L or less, and the presence of peripheral neuropathy were underrepresented in the 10-year survivors and are unfavorable prognostic features. Five percent of patients with AL amyloidosis survived for 10 years or more.
SOTL: Technology intervention: How to help your students succeed in an online environment.

Note: This talk is part of a single SoTL session that runs from 1-2:30pm in JC Room B and includes a series of "lightning talks" that are ~5 minutes each followed by a roundtable discussion about the projects and SoTL in general. This is a great session for those interested in learning the outcomes of SoTL efforts, those interested in how to start their own SoTL project, and for experienced researchers who are interested in learning about other approaches and methodologies.
Lightning NO 2 simulation over the contiguous US and its effects on satellite NO 2 retrievals

Abstract. Lightning is an important NOx source representing ∼10 % of the global source of odd N and a much larger percentage in the upper troposphere. The poor understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of lightning contributes to a large uncertainty in understanding upper tropospheric chemistry. We implement a lightning parameterization using the product of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective precipitation rate (PR) coupled with the Kain–Fritsch convective scheme (KF/CAPE-PR) into the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. Compared to the cloud-top height (CTH) lightning parameterization combined with the Grell 3-D convective scheme (G3/CTH), we show that the switch of convective scheme improves the correlation of lightning flash density in the southeastern US from 0.30 to 0.67 when comparing against the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network; the switch of lightning parameterization contributes to the improvement of the correlation from 0.48 to 0.62 elsewhere in the US. The simulated NO2 profiles using the KF/CAPE-PR parameterization exhibit better agreement with aircraft observations in the middle and upper troposphere. Using a lightning NOx production rate of 500 mol NO flash −1 , the a priori NO2 profile generated by the simulation with the KF/CAPE-PR parameterization reduces the air mass factor for NO2 retrievals by 16 % on average in the southeastern US in the late spring and early summer compared to simulations using the G3/CTH parameterization. This causes an average change in NO2 vertical column density 4 times higher than the average uncertainty.
Realization of alignment-tolerant grating couplers for z-cut thin-film lithium niobate.

We present the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of grating coupler devices for z-cut lithium niobate near 1550 nm. We first experimentally measure the sensitivity of the insertion loss of a conventional grating coupler to translational misalignment through a three-factor full factorial design of experiment. Next, we design grating couplers that are significantly less sensitive to misalignment. The fabricated devices experienced less than 7 dB of excess insertion loss for combined misalignments of up to ± 5 μm in plane and up to −2 μm or + 10 μm out of plane.