cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for Compensatory Growth in Drosophila

To maintain tissue homeostasis, some organs are able to replace dying cells with additional proliferation of surviving cells. Such proliferation can be localized (e.g., a regeneration blastema) or diffuse (compensatory growth). The relationship between such growth and the growth that occurs during development has not been characterized in detail. Drosophila melanogaster larval imaginal discs can recover from extensive damage, producing normally sized adult organs. Here we describe a system using genetic mosaics to screen for recessive mutations that impair compensatory growth. By generating clones of cells that carry a temperature-sensitive cell-lethal mutation, we conditionally ablate patches of tissue in the imaginal disc and assess the ability of the surviving sister clones to replace the lost tissue. We have used this system together with a modified whole-genome resequencing (WGS) strategy to identify several mutations that selectively compromise compensatory growth. We find specific alleles of bunched (bun) and Ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase large subunit (RnrL) reduce compensatory growth in the imaginal disc. Other genes identified in the screen, including two alleles of Topoisomerase 3-alpha (Top3α), while also required for developmental growth, appear to have an enhanced requirement during compensatory growth. Compensatory growth occurs at a higher rate than normal growth and may therefore have features in common with some types of overgrowth. Indeed, the RnrL allele identified compromises both these types of altered growth and mammalian ribonucleotide reductase and topoisomerases are targets of anticancer drugs. Finally, the approach we describe is applicable to the study of compensatory growth in diverse tissues in Drosophila.
Study of Sensors Embedded in Smartphones for Use in Indoor Localization

In recent years, smartphones experienced a fast technological growth, approaching its computational capacity to personal computers. In addition to that, new hardware and sensors are being incorporated into these devices. The smart phone's embedded sensors are a low cost solution that allows interactions between humans, computers and the environment. Examples include applications designed to identify the user's location by GPS receiver, games that use accelerometers and/or gyroscope, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antennas that exchange information between users, microphones that perceive user's gestural movements, and so on. This paper presents a study of the various smartphones sensors, detailing their operation and identifying their main features, advantages, drawbacks, and potential of use for indoor location. We analyzed smartphones sensitive to sound, Wi-Fi, magnetic field, 3-dimensional linear acceleration and angular velocity. This study presented - as the ideal solution - a fusion of sensors to complement individual skills and to improve the information accuracy regarding the device's rotation and translation.
MO study of flavin reduction

MINDO/3 calculations have been performed on semiquinone and fully reduced lumiflavins and on hydroperoxy adducts of lumiflavin. Frontier orbital indices were calculated. Reduction of the flavin was studied in bent and planar flavin rings. The results suggest that the planar reduced flavin has a smaller ionization potential than the bent reduced flavin. This could account for the low redox potential of protein-bound reduced flavins.
Double Hamoudi: A case report

INTRODUCTION Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms are rare pancreatic neoplasms with low malignant potential and favorable prognosis that are typically seen in young women.
Stem cells feel the difference

Arrays of microposts of different heights generate substrates with different flexibility, on which cells can be grown.
Gavels, a velocity-space GaAs transport model—I. Steady-state simulation

Abstract A new gallium arsenide (GaAs) carrier transport model is presented, based on a direct solution of the Boltzmann transport equation, formulated around a 1-D velocity-space variable. The model includes a realistic description of the GaAs band structure including multiple valleys, nonparabolicity and anisotropy, which is used to explicitly evaluate the scattering distributions, and rates, for different scattering mechanisms. These in turn allow a direct evaluation of the BTE scattering integral, which is solved iteratively with the nonscattering terms. Using a 1-D implementation of the model containing no empirical parameters, the distribution function is obtained in less than 30 s on a desktop PC. Band structure and forward scattering effects are clearly visible in the solutions. The model correctly simulates the phenomenological velocity-field characteristic of GaAs for both intrinsic and doped material. The model's computational simplicity combined with a fine level of detail may make it suitable for device simulation without invoking Monte-Carlo or other computationally intensive methods.
Dynamically Stratified Monte Carlo Forecasting

A new method for performing Monte Carlo forecasts is introduced. The method, called dynamic stratification, selects initial perturbations based on a stratification of the error distribution. A simple implementation is presented in which the error distribution used for the stratification is estimated from a linear model derived from a large ensemble of 12-h forecasts with the full dynamic model. The stratification thus obtained is used to choose a small subsample of initial states with which to perform the dynamical Monte Carlo forecasts. Several test cases are studied using a simple two-level general circulation model with uncertain initial conditions. It is found that the method provides substantial reductions in the sampling error of the forecast mean and variance when compared to the more traditional approach of choosing the initial perturbations at random. The degree of improvement, however, is sensitive to the nature of the initial error distribution and to the base state. In practice the method may be viable only if the computational burden involved in obtaining an adequate estimate of the error distribution is shared with the data-assimilation procedure.
The Missing Links in Self-Instruction Design: Implementation, Validation and Revision

Developers of self-instruction units sometimes become so involved in the design and development of these materials that some of the other steps in the systems approach are overlooked or minimized. Implementation, validation and revision are three such areas. While not necessarily as tangible as the design and production, they are important ingredients for a successful package.
Research into open access science publishing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of some issues and controversies surrounding arguments for research into open access.Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins with a brief investigation of some background on library, research into open access, questions and then considers three major public definitions of open access, types of open access journals currently available, history of open access, reasons for open access, public and advocacy, criticism of open access, publishing in an open access journal, users, research funders, and universities, libraries and librarians.Findings – As a matter of fact, the scholarly community is not yet completely aware of the potential of the open access web, both as a network of communication and a cradle for new tools for research practice.Research limitations/implications – Open access is a simple concept, but a complex one to achieve in reality.Originality/value – The way open access is viewed, either as a source of information or as a m...
Facial nerve hemangiomas: Vascular tumors or malformations?

Abstract Objective To reclassify facial nerve hemangiomas in the context of presently accepted vascular lesion nomenclature by examining histology and immunohistochemical markers. Study Design Cohort analysis of patients diagnosed with a facial nerve hemangioma between 1990 and 2008. Setting Collaborative analysis at a specialty hospital and a major academic hospital. Subjects and Methods Seven subjects were identified on composite review of office charts, a pathology database spanning both institutions, and an encrypted patient registry. Clinical data were compiled, and hematoxylin-eosin–stained specimens were reviewed. For six patients, archived pathological tissue was available for immunohistochemical evaluation of markers specific for infantile hemangioma (glucose transporter protein isoform 1 [GLUT1] and Lewis Y antigen) and for lymphatic endothelial cells (podoplanin). Results All patients clinically presented with slowly progressive facial weakness at a mean age of 45 years without prior symptomatology. Hemotoxylin-eosin–stained histopathological slides showed irregularly shaped, dilated lesional vessels with flattened endothelial cells, scant smooth muscle, and no internal elastic lamina. Both podoplanin staining for lymphatic endothelial cells and GLUT1 and LewisY antigen staining for infantile hemangioma endothelial cells were negative in lesional vessels in all specimens for which immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Conclusion Lesions of the geniculate ganglion historically referred to as “hemangiomas” do not demonstrate clinical, histopathological, or immunohistochemical features consistent with a benign vascular tumor, but instead are consistent with venous malformation. We propose that these lesions be classified as “venous vascular malformations of the facial nerve.” This nomenclature should more accurately predict clinical behavior and guide therapeutic interventions.
Electrostatic, Thermal and Vapor Density Fields Surrounding Stationary Columnar Ice Crystals.

Abstract Formulas suitable for calculating the electrostatic, temperature, and vapor density fields surrounding stationary columnar ice crystals are derived. Columnar ice crystals are approximated as circular cylinders of finite lengths. In this way the effects of sharp edges are taken into account. Results of electrostatic fields for some columnar ice crystals are shown. The potential distribution of a prolate spheroid is also determined and compared to that of a circular cylinder. The results show that the approximation of a columnar crystal by a prolate spheroid is inadequate. Formulas are also given to convert the electric fields into temperature and vapor density fields.
X-ray study of interfacial interactions in highly milled Sn-Ge powders

We have studied possible structural changes occurring at the Sn/Ge interface of highly milled Sn/Ge composites. EXAFS and X-ray Diffraction measurements were made on mechanically milled powders having compositions ranging from 20 to 50 vol.% Sn. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the increasing amorphization of Sn as the Sn content is decreased. EXAFS results indicate that this amorphous phase is due to the formation of an {alpha}-Sn/Ge alloy. The EXAFS from this alloy did not change significantly at the Sn melting point. X-ray diffraction measurements made at room temperature show a systematic decrease in the intensity of Sn peaks and broadening of Ge peaks with the decreasing Sn content.
Low frequency internal friction in zinc single crystals

Abstract The stress amplitude dependent internal friction of zinc single crystals was measured in the frequency range 10 −1 - 10 −2 c/s. This was done by direct measurement of the hysteresis loops employing a capacitance strain gauge. The effect of temperature, orientation, prior permanent deformation, annealing, impurities and stress bias on the energy loss were investigated. The effect of temperature on the critical strain amplitude was noted. The results are interpreted in the light of the Granato-Lucke theory of dislocation damping. The work by Read on zinc in the kilocycle range was also analysed. Quantitative agreement with the Granato-Lucke theory is found. Certain discrepancies between the experimental results and the Granato-Lucke theory may be more fully understood when the concept of “thermal breakaway of a pinned dislocation line” is more complete.
Application of finite-length displacement sensors to load measurements in a model tail rotor torque tube

Recently it has been observed that it is theoretically possible to place long fiber optic displacement sensors on structures that are generally loaded while still maintaining the ability to exactly discriminate signals of interest. The chief advantage of such finite-length fiber optic sensors is that the sensitivity of the measurement scales not only with the maximum strain along the path but the length of the sensor as well. One consequence of this scaling property is that 'smart' structures incorporating such a measurement approach could be sensitive yet still have low maximum strains. In other words, the sensitivity of the measurement is partially de-coupled from the stiffness of the structure. This theoretical result is true for simple prismatic structures composed of a linear elastic homogeneous material with arbitrary end loading, and with perfectly positioned displacement sensors. Two model tail rotor torque tubes have been constructed and verify the essential elements of the analysis. However, the use of long displacement sensors effectively integrates signals of interest along the measurement paths and are thus susceptible to accumulated manufacturing errors. Deviations from this pristine state to more practical structures are further investigated both experimentally and analytically. Minimizing the sensitivity to certain manufacturing errors by careful design of the structure is also discussed.
Stable platinum nanoparticles on specific MgAl 2 O 4 spinel facets at high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres

Supported platinum nanoparticles are highly active catalysts, but often gradually degrade under standard reaction conditions. Here, a well-defined spinel material is used as a support, resulting in a catalyst capable of maintaining performance even after severe thermal aging in oxidizing atmospheres.
Managing turn entry: The design of EI-prefaced turns in Mandarin conversation

Abstract Using the methodology of conversation analysis, this article examines how participants claim speakership in multiparty Mandarin conversation. Specifically, I describe the use of two previously unspecified practices involving turn-initial ei and demonstrate how their deployment figures in the management of turn transfer in everyday Mandarin interaction. I first show that even though orthographically Mandarin ei is always represented as a stand-alone unit in writing, separated from the sentence that follows, this particle is not always produced as its own prosodic unit in natural conversation and may or may not be latched onto the turn component it prefaces. I next show that the resulting two different turn formats routinely occur at differential sequential positions in my 35 hours of data: Whereas speakers commonly deliver an ei-preface in an independent intonation contour when claiming speakership at a transition-relevance place, they tend to latch the ei-preface onto the turn component it preface if the attempt is made at a non-transition-relevance place. I argue that this recurrent orderly distribution should not be viewed as an outcome pre-determined by the sequence's structure, but rather as an embodiment of the would-be next speakers’ orientation to the fit between the incipient turn entry and the currently on-going talk.
The Democratic Peace: Weighing the Evidence and Cautious Inference†

The greater peacefulness of jointly democratic pairs of states is an important finding in research on the causes of war. Here, we outline a set of criteria for evaluating critiques of such robust empirical associations and apply them to two recent articles. Mousseau (2013) claims that contract-intensive economies, as proxied by a measure of life insurance expenditure, account for the democratic peace. However, his research suffers from various problems of analysis and interpretation, including a miscoded dependent variable, a misleading specification for dyadic democracy, a suppression of heterogeneous associations, and a heavy dependence on imputation in which greater than 90% of the values of the central independent variable were (improperly) imputed. We estimate 144 specifications that build from Mousseau's models and control for life insurance expenditures, finding substantial, robust support for the democratic peace. Gartzke & Weisiger ([2013][1]) claim that the importance of the democratic peace has declined as the proportion of democracies in the international system has increased; but their tests are misspecified and do not address the issue they raise. There are also serious errors in their data. When these problems are corrected, we find that the peacefulness of democratic pairs has actually increased as the proportion of democracies grew after 1816. [1]: #ref-18
657WTAPELL663 motif of the photoreceptor ROS-GC1: a general phototransduction switch.

This study documents the identity of an intriguing transduction mechanism of the [Ca2+]i signals by the photoreceptor ROS-GC1. Despite their distal residences and operational modes in phototransduction, the two GCAPs transmit and activate ROS-GC1 through a common Ca2+ transmitter switch (Ca2+TS). A combination of immunoprecipitation, fluorescent spectroscopy, mutational analyses and reconstitution studies has been used to demonstrate that the structure of this switch is 657WTAPELL663. The two Ca2+ signaling GCAP pathways converge in Ca2+TS, get transduced, activate ROS-GC1, generate the LIGHT signal second messenger cyclic GMP and yet functionally perform divergent operations of the phototransduction machinery. The findings define a new Ca2+-modulated photoreceptor ROS-GC transduction model; it is depicted and discussed for its application to processing the different shades of LIGHT.
Where Should We Draw the Line?: Governance, Public Values, and Outsourcing National Security

Public administration scholarship tends to assume a broad, underlying consensus on the elements of good governance, including the legitimacy of public values, authority, and action, as well as the presence of opportunities, incentives, and motivations for individual and institutional change. The tenor and trajectory of American public life, however, especially as expressed in the outsourcing of national security, belie such a shared perspective. This essay, therefore, examines the concepts and conflicts embedded in the national security environment via a consideration of public value perspectives, public values and public management, and the key literature on national security outsourcing. Finally, with an eye toward possible change, the essay concludes with a recommendation for empirical, as well as normative, multidisciplinary, and multinational research projects, in order to advance our understanding of national security outsourcing and to promote an advocacy and action reform agenda.
Tropical spastic paraparesis: a model of virus-induced, cytotoxic T-cell-mediated demyelination?

Tropical spastic paraparesis is a neurological disorder that is most commonly seen in certain tropical (mainly Caribbean) areas and that presents as a progressive spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction. Recent studies have revealed an association between tropical spastic paraparesis and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection. We report the results of a detailed morphological and immunocytochemical study of a patient with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lesions were restricted to the spinal cord and optic nerve, where demyelination, inflammation, and fiber loss were common features. Lymphocytes were seen closely applied to nerve fibers within which were changes resembling those seen in myelinated central nervous system cultures exposed to cytokines. Immunocyctochemically, HTLV-I p19 core protein and a predominance of CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells and expression of class I major histocompatibility antigen were demonstrated in spinal cord lesions. It is postulated that cytotoxic T cells, either directly or via cytokines, induce lysis of the myelin sheath and subsequently the axon, resulting in a mixed picture of demyelination and axonal loss with secondary tractal degeneration. Despite this destruction, extensive remyelination was evident within affected areas of spinal cord.
SPIN SUSCEPTIBILITY AND THE Π-EXCITATION IN UNDERDOPED CUPRATES

Abstract The dynamical spin susceptibility χ ″ π at wave vector (π, π) and the spectrum π″ of the spin-triplet particle–particle excitation with center of mass momentum (π, π) (π-excitation) are considered in the slave–boson formulation of the t – J -model. Propagators are calculated in a diagrammatic t -matrix approximation in the d-wave superconducting state for a wide doping range. The resulting spectra, χ ″ π and π″, both show a resonance at a doping dependent energy, in qualitative agreement with recent numerical cluster calculations. In underdoped systems, the peak position is comparable to that found in neutron scattering experiments. The peak in χ ″ π , as well as in π″, is at low doping, entirely caused by spin fluctuations, whereas the triplet particle–particle channel does not contribute as a collective mode.
A Continuum Theory and an Experiment for the Ion-Induced Swelling Behavior of Articular Cartilage

Swelling of normal bovine articular cartilage equilibrated in NaCl solutions was dimensionally measured in thin strips of tissue. The ion-induced strains show that free swelling of articular cartilage is anisotropic and inhomogeneous. For the molar concentrations used, contraction increased linearly with concentration, defining a "coefficient of chemical contraction" (alpha c). Isometrically constrained specimens registered a rise in tensile force followed by stress relaxation. An extension of the biphasic theory incorporating this ion-induced strain is proposed. This theory can describe the equilibrium anisotropic swelling behavior of cartilage and explain the transient force history observed in the isometric experiment.
Quality of Life in Pediatric Dermatology

Skin disease is highly prevalent in the United States, and it has been well-documented that patients with skin disease experience financial, psychological, social, and quality-of-life (QoL) burdens beyond those of the general population. Pediatric patients and their caregivers are particularly vulnerable to the burden of skin disease. Over the past decade disease-specific indices for QoL measurement in pediatric dermatology have been developed. Most of this research has focused on acne, atopic dermatitis, hemangiomas, ichythosis, psoriasis, and vitiligo. This article provides an overview of QoL assessment in pediatric dermatology for these six conditions.
Elective Localization in Determining the Etiology of Chronic Uveitis

In many cases streptococci having elective localizing power have been isolated in uveitis, especially in the acute form. Different foci have been found. The most frequent were teeth, tonsils, prostate, or cervix. Removal of these foci and treatment with autogenous vaccines prepared from the involved eyes of rabbits that had received injections, have been generally efficacious. From the Division of Experimental Bacteriology, The Mayo Foundation. Read in a symposium on chronic uveitis at the second annual meeting of The Association for Research in Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, June 9, 1931. The Mayo Foundation.
A simple and versatile harvesting device for processing radioactive label incorporated into and-or released from cells in microculture

Abstract The difficulty with microculture systems is not in growing small numbers of cells in the wells of microtiter plates, but in harvesting, washing and processing these cells or their supernatants for radioactive counting. The logistical advantage of microculture techniques has prompted development of a simplified and versatile microculture harvesting device which can process cell precipitates as well as cell supernatants, can be made by any machine shop, and has proven extremely useful in a laboratory of immunology.
Drosha Promotes Splicing of a Pre-microRNA-like Alternative Exon

The ribonuclease III enzyme Drosha has a central role in the biogenesis of microRNA (miRNA) by binding and cleaving hairpin structures in primary RNA transcripts into precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). Many miRNA genes are located within protein-coding host genes and cleaved by Drosha in a manner that is coincident with splicing of introns by the spliceosome. The close proximity of splicing and pre-miRNA biogenesis suggests a potential for co-regulation of miRNA and host gene expression, though this relationship is not completely understood. Here, we describe a cleavage-independent role for Drosha in the splicing of an exon that has a predicted hairpin structure resembling a Drosha substrate. We find that Drosha can cleave the alternatively spliced exon 5 of the eIF4H gene into a pre-miRNA both in vitro and in cells. However, the primary role of Drosha in eIF4H gene expression is to promote the splicing of exon 5. Drosha binds to the exon and enhances splicing in a manner that depends on RNA structure but not on cleavage by Drosha. We conclude that Drosha can function like a splicing enhancer and promote exon inclusion. Our results reveal a new mechanism of alternative splicing regulation involving a cleavage-independent role for Drosha in splicing.
Synthetic cervical mucus formulation

A synthetic formulation has been developed with viscosity, spinnbarkeit, and pH comparable to that reported for human cervical mucus. The formulation contains guar gum crosslinked with borate ion, mucin (dried porcine gastric), and a mixed preservative system in pH 7.4, 0.1M phosphate buffer. The guar gum source, mucin concentration, and method of preparation were shown to be critical factors in the performance of the formulation.
Assessing the Library Homepages of COPLAC Institutions for Section 508 Accessibility Errors: Who's Accessible, Who's Not, and How the Online WebXACT Assessment Tool Can Help.

ABSTRACT The Council on Public Liberal Arts Colleges (COPLAC) libraries websites were assessed for Section 508 errors using the online WebXACT tool. Only three of the twenty-one institutions (14%) had zero accessibility errors. Eighty-six percent of the COPLAC institutions had an average of 1.24 errors. Section 508 compliance is required for institutions receiving federal funding. While this study shows the need to correct the existing errors, the low error rate shows that COPLAC institutions have generally been conscious of accessibility standards and are working toward achieving fully accessible websites. Studies of the connections between average accessibility errors and the geographic locations of these institutions, the amount of federal funding received, and size were inconclusive. The main aim of the study is to demonstrate the need to check library websites using the free WebXACT tool. This tool offers suggestions for accessibility that should serve to decrease the number of pages that are inacces...
A Half-Century of Inspiration: An Interview with Hamilton Smith

In 1962, Hamilton Smith abandoned a career in medicine to follow his passion for the emerging field of molecular biology; within six years, he had made the discovery of a lifetime. As a new Johns Hopkins faculty member, Smith, together with his first graduate student, Kent Wilcox, geared up to study recombination in vitro but instead discovered the restriction enzyme “R” in Haemophilus influenzae. By cobbling together crude techniques, Smith, along with Wilcox and later Tom Kelly, showed that R cleaves DNA at a specific recognition sequence, a palindromic site, yielding blunt-ended DNA fragments. Now known as HindII, R proved to be the first of an enormous class of Type II restriction enzymes, and as such, presaged gene cloning, allowed DNA to be reproducibly fragmented and then sequenced, and enabled physical mapping of genomes. Smith went on to discover DNA methylases that constitute the other half of the bacterial host restriction and modification systems, as hypothesized by Werner Arber of Switzerland. Together with Arber and his Hopkins colleague Daniel Nathans, who first used the enzyme on SV40 DNA and demonstrated discrete bands on a tube gel, Smith shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1978.
Exhibition: MISSION: POSTMODERN

Exhibition: ‘MISSION: POSTMODERN—Heinrich Klotz and the Wunderkammer DAM’ (10thMay–19thOctober, 2014, Deutsches Architekturmuseum, DAM, Frankfurt/Main, Hesse, Germany)Post-modern architecture has b...
Si-rich Fe–Ni grains in highly unequilibrated chondrites

Consideration is given to the Si contents of Fe-Ni grains in highly unequilibrated chondrites, which have undergone little metamorphosis and thus best preserve the record of processes in the solar nebula. Electron microprobe determinations of silicon content in grains of the Bishunpur chondrite are presented for the six Si-bearing Fe-Ni grains for which data could be obtained, five of which were found to be embedded in olivine chondrules. In addition, all grains are found to be Cr-rich, with Cr increased in concentration towards the grain edge, and to be encased in FeS shells which evidently preserved the Si that entered the FeNi at higher temperatures. A mechanism for the production of Si-bearing metal during the condensation of the cooling solar nebula is proposed which considers the metal to have condensed heterogeneously while the mafic silicates condensed homogeneously with amounts of required undercooling in the low-pressure regions where ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites formed, resulting in Si mole fractions of 0.003 at nebular pressures less than 0.000001 atm.
Near-Optimal Highly Robust Guidance for Aeroassisted Orbital Transfer

One of the difficulties in aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle design is the complexity of the guidance scheme. In present aeroassisted orbital transfer guidance schemes, the reference value of the bank angle or the climb rate is determined via a predictor-corrector algorithm so that the desired apogee can be reached after the vehicle exits the atmosphere. These guidance schemes are quite sensitive to parameter dispersion effects due to atmospheric density errors, system errors, navigation errors, and aerodynamic coefficient errors. An innovative guidance scheme, called safety zone guidance, is developed. In this highly robust guidance, the control is not determined by aiming only at the desired apogee; instead, for each altitude-velocity pair, a special value of the path inclination is determined by maximizing the control margin while aiming at the desired apogee during the atmospheric pass. This results in a robust and accurate guidance scheme as shown by extensive numerical tests.
Rapid migration of grafted cortical astrocytes from suspension grafts placed in host thoracic spinal cord

The cerebral cortices from 14-day gestation rat embryos were prelabeled with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutin (PHAL) and homografted as a cell suspension into host thoracic spinal cord. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 21 and 30 days postimplantation (DPI). Paraffin sections of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord were double-labeled for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) a specific marker for astrocytes, and PHAL, utilized as a marker for graft-derived cells. PHAL-GFAP positive cells were found throughout the thoracic spinal cord at all time periods, indicating that grafted astrocytes migrated along all 3 axes of the host spinal cord (rostral-caudal, dorsal-ventral and left-right). At 30 DPI, graft-derived astrocytes were found in host cervical and lumbar spinal cord. There appeared to be a minimal delay in the onset of migration.
Specific illnesses, injuries, and job hazards associated with absenteeism

Thirty-six specific illnesses and injuries and 17 job hazards are assessed according to their contribution to absenteeism. Data are drawn from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey, which is national probability sample of 1515 workers who worked 20 or more hours per week in 1977. Both frequencies and lengths of absences are analyzed. Illnesses and injuries that appear to contribute most to absenteeism are back injuries, broken bones, colds and flus, physical strain injuries, hits and falls, and joint inflammation. Job conditions resulting in the greatest amount of absenteeism are dangerous methods and machines, exertion, bad weather, human error, and dangerous workspaces. Although women reported physical strain injuries and working in awkward positions as the most frequent causes of absenteeism, men found back pain and working with dangerous machines to be the greatest causes of their absenteeism. Language: en
External work is deficient in both limbs of patients with unilateral PAD

External work was utilized to measure differences between the unaffected and the affected limb in patients with unilateral peripheral arterial disease compared to healthy controls. Patients with unilateral peripheral arterial disease have shown deficits in peak joint powers during walking in the unaffected and affected legs. However, no research has detailed the amount of work that is being performed by each leg compared to healthy controls even though such an analysis would provide valuable information on the energy output from the affected and the unaffected legs. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) the unaffected and affected leg would perform less work than healthy controls in a pain-free state, and (b) the onset of symptomatic claudication pain would result in further changes in the external work. Results showed that during a pain-free state, both the unaffected and affected legs perform less work than the healthy controls. After onset of claudication pain, the work output by the affected limb becomes further decreased while the unaffected limb experiences changes in negative external work. These findings combined with recent evidence of decreased peak powers in both legs in unilateral peripheral arterial disease patients reflects altered pathomechanics in both limbs compared to healthy controls.
Model inverse based Iterative Learning Control using finite impulse response approximations

In Iterative Learning Control, the ideal learning filter is defined as the inverse of the system being learned. Model based learning filters designed from the inverse system transfer function can provide superior performance over single gain, P-type algorithms. These filters, however, can be excessively long if lightly damped zeros are inverted. In this paper, we propose a method for designing model based finite impulse response (FIR) learning filters. Based on the ILC injection point and discrete time system model, these filters are designed using the impulse responses of the inverse transfer function. We compare in simulation the ILC algorithms implemented at two different feedforward injection points and two different modeling methods. We show that the ILC algorithm injected at the reference signal and whose model is generated by discretizing the closed loop continuous time transfer function results in a learning filter with no lightly damped zeros. As a result, the learning filter has only two dominant filter taps much like the PD-type learning filter. We then implement these ILC algorithms on a wafer stage prototype. In this motion control application, we show that the model based ILC algorithm outperforms the P-type system in the plant injection architecture where longer FIR filters are needed for learning stability. We also show that the reference injection architecture provides superior performance to the plant injection for both model based and P-type ILC algorithms.
Obesity and Cancer: Local and Systemic Mechanisms

Obesity is a leading modifiable risk factor for the development of several epithelial malignancies. In addition to increasing risk, obesity also confers worse prognosis for many cancers. Obesity represents an overall state of energy imbalance frequently associated with systemic effects including insulin resistance, altered hormone signaling, and high circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators. In addition to its systemic effects, obesity causes subclinical white adipose inflammation including increased tissue levels of proinflammatory mediators. Both local and systemic effects are likely to contribute to the development and progression of cancer. An understanding of the interplay between local and systemic alterations involved in the obesity–cancer link provides the basis for developing interventions aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects.
Do the Tallest Convective Cells over the Tropical Ocean Have Slow Updrafts

Far from continents, a few storms lift precipitation-size ice particles into the stratosphere, 17 to 18 km above the tropical ocean. This study is the first to examine the observed properties of a large sample of these extremely tall convective storm cells. The central questions in this study are whether the unusually tall ocean cells have the slow updrafts known to be typical of oceanic convection, and if so, how can these tall cells reach such extreme heights. The precipitation radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observed 174 extremely tall oceanic cells from 1998 to 2007. Relative updraft intensity is inferred from 17-km-tall oceanic cells having, on average, a 7-km lower 40-dBZ radar reflectivity height and an order of magnitude less lightning than do equally tall cells over the Sahel region of Africa, a region known for vigorous convective updrafts. Despite some ambiguity, the potential temperature and lapse rate of the NCEP reanalysis suggest that the environment in which these oceanic cells form is conducive to modest updrafts reaching extreme heights. Extrapolating based on the limited coverage of the TRMM satellite radar, it is likely that such extremely tall cells occur more often than once each day somewhere over the tropical ocean.
Homologous desensitization of cultured chick kidney cells to parathyroid hormone.

The development of refractoriness of the cAMP response to PTH in primary cultures of chick kidney cells and recovery from the refractory state was investigated. When cells were preincubated with bovine PTH1-34,complete refractoriness to a subsequent challenge with the hormone developed within 2 h and at hormone concentrations as low as 5 ng/ml. The ability of PTH to stimulate activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was also abolished by preincubation with the hormone. When cells were desensitized and then incubated in hormonefree medium, recovery of the cAMP response began within an hour and was maximal, but not complete (80%) after 16 h. Cycloheximide did not affect either desensitization or the rate or extent of recovery from the refractory state. Low concentrations of forskolin (2.5 × 10−7 M) greatly enhanced cAMP production stimulated by PTH and higher concentrations (10−6 – 10−4 M) stimulated rates of cAMP production 50 times those obtained with PTH alone. Preincubation with forskolin did not bri...
Facilitating Grounded Online Interactions in Video-Case-Based Teacher Professional Development

The use of interactive video cases for teacher professional development is an emergent medium inspired by case study methods used extensively in law, management, and medicine, and by the advent of multimedia technology available to support online discussions. This paper focuses on Web-based “grounded” discussions—in which the participants base their contributions on specific events portrayed in the case—and the role facilitators play in these online interactions. This paper analyzes the online exchange of messages in one school district that participated in a video-case-based program of teacher professional development and derives principles that will help facilitators lead grounded online interactions.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Enhanced Heat Transfer in a Flat Passage Downstream From a Grooved Channel

Navier-Stokes simulations of three-dimensional flow and augmented convection in a flat passage downstream from a fully developed channel with symmetric, transverse grooves on two opposite walls were performed for 405 < Re < 764 using the spectral element technique. Unsteady flow that develops in the grooved region persists several groove-lengths into the flat passage, increasing both local heat transfer and pressure gradient relative to that in a steady flat passage. Moreover, the heat transfer for a given pumping power in the first three groove-lengths of the flat passage was even greater than the levels observed in a fully developed grooved passage.
Arboreal Habitat Use by the Green Salamander, Aneides aeneus, in South Carolina

Abstract Green Salamander (Aneides aeneus) habitat has been described traditionally as rock outcrop formations that contain moist, but not wet, crevices. Early studies of Green Salamander natural history claimed arboreal habitat was used secondarily to rock outcrops and in situations where more suitable habitat was unavailable. Although arboreal behavior of western Aneides has been well established, arboreal habitat has been deemed “not typical” for Green Salamanders. This study examined the extent to which Green Salamanders use arboreal habitat. Surveys were conducted between August 2001 and July 2004 at a study area in Pickens County, South Carolina. Salamander size influenced arboreal habitat use, but gender and reproductive condition did not. There was a positive relationship between tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and Green Salamander observations and a negative relationship between tree distance to rock outcrop and salamander observations. Tree selection did not reflect tree species relative do...
Opportunities and challenges for social workers crossing borders

EnglishUsing the author's experience as a social worker who has studied and worked in Canada, Belize, Brussels, Jamaica, London and the USA, this article explores some of the issues facing social work students, scholars and practitioners who migrate across international borders. Topics include equivalency of qualifications, visas and socio-cultural issues.FrenchL'auteur de cette recherche s'appuie sur son experience d'etudiant et de professionnel dans le domaine du travail social au Canada, au Belize, a Bruxelles, en Jamaique et aux Etats-Unis pour explorer certains enjeux auxquels sont confrontes les etudiants, les boursiers ou les praticiens oeuvrant a l'international. Les equivalences en matiere de qualification, les visas et les questions d'ordre socioculturelles sont au nombre des themes abordes.SpanishBasandose en la experiencia del autor, que como trabajador social estudio y trabajo en el Canada, Belice, Bruselas, Jamaica, Londres, y los Estados Unidos, se exploran algunas cuestiones con las que se...
Some recent developments in spectral methods

This paper is solely devoted to spectral iterative methods including spectral multigrid methods. These techniques are explained with reference to simple model problems. Some Navier-Stokes algorithms based on these techniques are mentioned. Results on transition simulation using these algorithms are presented.
Procedure call models for distributed parameters in data parallel programs

When a computer program invokes a procedure, both the caller and the callee must agree on how to pass the parameters into and out of the procedure. In this paper, this agreement is referred to as the procedure call model. In data parallel languages like High Performance Fortran (HPF), the procedure call model for distributed parameters can have an impact on procedure call overhead. This paper introduces a taxonomy of procedure call models, and examines how different models can reduce the procedure call overhead by avoiding unnecessary redistribution and by providing compile-time distribution information. A key result is that the procedure call model bounds the availability of compile-time information on the distribution of parameters, and this information can have an impact on the quality of the redistribution code. >
Where in the brain is the self

Localizing the self in the brain has been the goal of consciousness research for centuries. Recently, there has been an increase in attention to the localization of the self. Here we present data from patients suffering from a loss of self in an attempt to understand the neural correlates of consciousness. Focusing on delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS), we find that frontal regions, as well as the right hemisphere appear to play a significant role in DMS and DMS related disorders. These data are placed in the context of neuroimaging findings. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pulmonary eosinophilia following lung transplantation for sarcoidosis in two patients

Pulmonary eosinophilia is an uncommon problem in lung transplant recipients. We report the unique occurrence of two cases of pulmonary eosinophilia in pulmonary allografts for sarcoidosis. Both patients rapidly acquired bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after resolution of pulmonary eosinophilia. It is known that peripheral eosinophilia is a marker for pulmonary allograft rejection, but its potential in the pathogenesis of BOS is unclear.
The Acquisition of Family Financial Roles and Responsibilities

This study was designed to assess the modeling and teaching of adult financial roles to children and adolescents and the implementation of those roles in early adulthood. The study also assessed the impact of various demographic variables on financial role transfer. Young adults felt only adequately taught and moderately prepared to perform financial tasks. Financial role transfer is taking place most often from parents in the home, rather than sources outside the home. Financial tasks needed in teen years are modeled and taught more frequently and thoroughly in the home than the financial tasks needed in emerging adulthood. Fathers modeled financial tasks more frequently than mothers. When mothers modeled financial tasks and adolescents practiced those tasks, frequency of performance as young adults increased and they felt more financially prepared. Frequency of performance is also enhanced when financial tasks are considered the responsibility of the entire family while growing up.
Fewer clicks and less frustration: reducing the cost of reaching the right folder

Helping computer users rapidly locate files in their folder hierarchies has become an important research topic in today's intelligent user interface design. This paper reports on FolderPredictor, a software system that can reduce the cost of locating files in hierarchical folders. FolderPredictor applies a cost-sensitive prediction algorithm to the user's previous file access information to predict the next folder that will be accessed. Experimental results show that, on average, FolderPredictor reduces the cost of locating a file by 50%. Another advantage of FolderPredictor is that it does not require users to adapt to a new interface, but rather meshes with the existing interface for opening files on the Windows platform.
Management of prolactinomas.

Prolactinomas are the most common of the hormo ne-secreti ng pituitary tumors and must be disti nguished from nonsecre ting tumors causing hyperprolactinem ia by hypothalamic or stalk dys function. For both micro­ and macroadenomas, dopamine agonists appear to be the treatme nt of choice, tra nssphenoidal surgery being reserved for nonrespo nders. For women desiring pregnancy, dopamine ago nists are safe when there is a microadenoma or an in trasellar macroadenoma. However, in wome n with large macroade nomas desiring preg nan cy, limited trans sphenoidal decom­ press ion followed by bromocriptine appears to be the safest mode of treatment.
Comment on “Homo Socialis: An Analytical Core for Sociological Theory”

Gintis and Helbing (2015) propose to develop an analytical core for sociology. We review the scope and success of their proposals. We conclude that their project cannot constitute an analytical core for sociological theory, but it does set forth important enhancements of economic theory.