cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fitwits Preparing Residency-Based Physicians to Discuss Childhood Obesity With Preteens

Objective. To evaluate the Fitwits MD office tool and games for obesity discussions with 9- to 12-year-olds. Methods. A nonrandomized intervention study using pre- and posttest assessments in 2 residency programs compared 31 control group and 55 intervention physicians (34 previously trained, 21 newly trained to use Fitwits). Surveys addressed comfort and competence regarding: obesity prevention and treatment, nutrition, exercise, portion size, body mass index (BMI), and the term “obesity.” We surveyed all groups at baseline and 5 months (post 1) and new trainees 3 months later (post 2). Results. In post 1, prior trainees reported significantly increased comfort and competence for discussing obesity prevention, portion size, BMI, and “obesity.” In post 2, new trainees reported significantly increased comfort and competence discussing obesity prevention and treatment, portion size, and BMI. Conclusions. Experience using Fitwits improved residency-based physician comfort and competence in obesity prevention...
Variable window binding for mutually exclusive alternative splicing

Genes of advanced organisms undergo alternative splicing, which can be mutually exclusive, in the sense that only one exon is included in the mature mRNA out of a cluster of alternative choices, often arranged in a tandem array. In many cases, however, the details of the underlying biologic mechanisms are unknown. We describe 'variable window binding' - a mechanism used for mutually exclusive alternative splicing by which a segment ('window') of a conserved nucleotide 'anchor' sequence upstream of the exon 6 cluster in the pre-mRNA of the fruitfly Dscam gene binds to one of the introns, thereby activating selection of the exon directly downstream from the binding site. This mechanism is supported by the fact that the anchor sequence can be inferred solely from a comparison of the intron sequences using a genetic algorithm. Because the window location varies for each exon choice, regulation can be achieved by obstructing part of that sequence. We also describe a related mechanism based on competing pre-mRNA stem-loop structures that could explain the mutually exclusive choice of exon 17 of the Dscam gene. On the basis of comparative sequence analysis, we propose efficient biologic mechanisms of alternative splicing of the Drosophila Dscam gene that rely on the inherent structure of the pre-mRNA. Related mechanisms employing 'locus control regions' could be involved on other occasions of mutually exclusive choices of exons or genes.
Gate-size optimization under timing constraints for coupling-noise reduction

This paper presents a gate-sizing algorithm for coupling-noise reduction, which optimizes the area or power consumption (represented as a weighted sum of gate sizes) of a circuit while ensuring that its timing constraints are met. A problem for gate-size optimization under coupling-noise and timing constraints is formulated, and is broken down into two subproblems of gate-size optimization under noise and timing constraints, respectively. The subproblem of gate-size optimization under noise constraints is solved as a fixpoint computation problem on a complete lattice. The proposed algorithm to solve this problem is guaranteed to yield the optimal solution, provided it exists. The subproblem for circuit optimization under timing constraints is considered as a geometrical programming problem. The solutions to the two problems are finally combined to solve the original problem in a Lagrangian relaxation (LR) framework. Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithms are reported for the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) benchmarks and larger circuits. The obtained results are compared to the approach where successive iterations of gate sizing are performed for timing and for noise reduction independently. This alternative design approach is driven by the algorithms used to solving the mentioned subproblems, respectively
Democratic Mis-haps: The Problem of Democratization in a Time of Biopolitics

Following the stringent critiques of organizers of the Human Genome Diversity Project for excluding people from the initiative's early planning, subsequent administrators of high-profile efforts to study human genetic variation, such as the International HapMap Project, have made great efforts to stress the importance of including the people who are to be the objects of study in research design and regulation. Such efforts to ‘democratize’ genomics would appear to represent a positive development. However, in practice they have satisfied few as they fail to recognize the most basic lesson of the Human Genome Diversity Project debates: genomics raises questions not just about the inclusion of people, but about their very constitution. Positing concrete, stable subjects in society, current efforts to ‘democratize’ genomics fail to recognize that entangled in the fundamental questions about nature posed by this emergent form of technoscience are fundamental questions about the order and constitution of societies. The creation of sustainable and desirable forms of governance require us to come to terms with challenges posed to liberal democratic practices and values, such as inclusion, in an age defined partially by this mutual dis/ordering of nature and society.
2.4 GHz high gain low power narrowband low-noise amplifier (LNA) in 0.18 /spl mu/m TSMC CMOS

A 2.4 GHz low-noise amplifier has been designed in a standard CMOS 0.18 TSMC process. The measured noise factor and gain are 1.65dB and 51dB, respectively, at 2.4 GHz. The LNA draws 1.75 mA from a 1.8 V supply voltage. The detailed design process and simulations are detailed in this paper.
Boundary of power-MOSFET, unclamped inductive-switching (UIS), avalanche-current capability

The avalanche-current capability of a new class of power MOSFETs called MegaFETs is characterized under UIS (unclamped inductive switching) conditions. These devices are shown to be limited in avalanche current only when the junction temperature exceeds the intrinsic temperature of 425 degrees C. Second breakdown is shown to occur independent of the parasitic bipolar transistor. The devices tested exhibit a cubic relationship between the maximum avalanche current and inductance, which represents a nonconstant energy capability. This maximum current decreases linearly with initial junction temperature, indicating a thermally initiated failure mechanism. The maximum junction temperature at failure was found to be 400-450 degrees C. The power-supply voltage reduces the maximum avalanche current by increasing the time in avalanche. The current capability is also proportional to total die area when the avalanche time is constant. The avalanche-current capability of a planar diode was found to verify that parasitic bipolar turn-on is not necessary to cause second breakdown. Second breakdown due to the thermal generation of carriers represents the limiting boundary of power-MOSFET avalanche-current capability. >
Association of the β isoform of protein kinase C with vimentin filaments

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are key mediators in hormone, growth factor, and neurotransmitter triggered pathways of cell activation (Nishizuka: Science 233:305-312, 1986; Nature 334:661-665, 1988). Stimulation of kinase activity by diacylglycerol and calcium often leads to translocation of PKC from the cytosol to a particulate fraction (Kraft and Anderson: Nature 301:621-623, 1983). The beta isoform of PKC is translocated and degraded much more rapidly than the alpha isoform in phorbolester-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells (Huang et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 264:4238-4243, 1989). We report here immunofluorescence evidence that the distributions of PKC alpha and beta are strikingly different in antigen-activated RBL cells. PKC beta associates with perinuclear filaments and filaments that extend from the perinuclear area to the cell periphery whereas PKC alpha concentrates in regions of the cell periphery. This distribution of PKC beta is distinctly different from that of actin filaments and microtubules as determined by phalloidin staining and by anti-tubulin antibody labeling. In contrast, the staining patterns obtained with antibodies to PKC beta and to the intermediate filament protein vimentin are almost identical, indicating that PKC beta associates with vimentin filaments. These bundles of 100 A filaments may provide docking sites for interactions of PKC beta with its substrates and thus confer specificity to the actions of this isoform.
Working with Families: Understanding Parent Views Regarding Inclusive Placements for their Children with Significant Cognitive Disabilities

Students with significant cognitive disabilities are increasingly being served in general education classrooms. As interdisciplinary team members who work closely with parents in educational decision making, school psychologists need to understand, and anticipate, parent preferences and concerns regarding inclusive placement options for their children. This study investigates influences on parent perceptions of inclusive practices for children with significant cognitive disabilities. Findings isolate the predictive effects of variables associated with child and parent characteristics, as well as school history on such perceptions. Discussion includes how these findings may offer insight into reasoning used by some parents when considering the benefits of more inclusive educational placements for their own children.
The Social Experience of Entertainment Media

People often look to others for guidance when selecting narrative entertainment. Previous work has demonstrated that this social guidance forms the basis of people's expectations and subsequently affects people's experience. The current work extends previous research by exploring the influence of peer evaluations of a story, on enjoyment of and psychological transportation in the written narrative. In two experiments, participants read peer evaluations prior to reading the story. Results of Experiment 1 revealed that social influence guides readers' expectations, attention to elements in the narrative, reported enjoyment, and feelings of transportation in the narrative. This influence was particularly apparent when readers were given unfavorable reviews of the stimulus. In the second experiment, readers were given peer evaluations that were either confirmed or disconfirmed by other readers. Results indicated that valence of peer evaluations influenced both transportation and enjoyment. Additionally, inconsistent evaluations increased feelings of transportation, but consistency alone had no effect on reported enjoyment. Implications for social media experiences and future directions in research on entertainment media are discussed.
Dance Music Classification Using Inner Metric Analysis

This paper introduces a method for music genre classification using a computational model for Inner Metric Analysis. Prior classification methods focussing on temporal features utilize tempo (speed) and meter (periodicity) patterns and are unable to distinguish between pieces in the same tempo and meter. Inner Metric Analysis reveals not only the periodicity patterns in the music, but also the accent patterns peculiar to each musical genre. These accent patterns tend to correspond to perceptual groupings of the notes. We propose an algorithm that uses Inner Metric Analysis to map note onset information to an accent profile that can then be compared to template profiles generated from rhythm patterns typical of each genre. The music is classified as being from the genre whose accent profile is most highly correlated with the sample profile. The method has a computational complexity of O(n 2), where n is the length of the query excerpt. We report and analyze the results of the algorithm when applied to Latin American dance music and national anthems that are in the same meter (4/4) and have similar tempo ranges. We evaluate the efficacy of the algorithm when using two variants on the model for Inner Metric Analysis: the metric weight model and the spectral weight model. We find that the correct genre is either the top rank choice or a close second rank choice in almost 80% of the test pieces.
Psychological Enrichment for Animals in Captivity

Animal care in biomedical facilities has undergone a dramatic transformation in the area of psychological well-being and enrichment over the past two decades. Today, attending to the behavioral needs of research animals is considered an integral part of animal care. Enrichment is defined as environmental stimuli provided to research animals in an effort to improve well-being by increasing species-specific and decreasing abnormal behaviors. Such environmental enhancement can help alleviate some of the stress associated with living in captivity, and can thus produce a better research model. This chapter discusses some of the issues surrounding the provision of enrichment and details some basic enrichment strategies, with emphasis on rodents, dogs, and nonhuman primates.
Exploring Israeli Venture Capital Investing In Renewable Energy

Israel’s venture capital market is one of the largest in terms of capital investing in the world. However, in 2014, 5 of 83 independent venture capital firms located in Israel invested in renewable energy portfolio companies. The result of investing in few renewable energy firms in Israel is a continued reliance on imported fossil fuels from geographically distant nations. The importation of fossil fuels creates an added security risk in an already hostile political environment. The gap in research addressed in this paper explored factors for the small number of renewable energy firms receiving venture capital funding in Israel. The research question guiding this study was what are the factors for the small number of renewable energy firms receiving funding in Israel. The lack of renewable energy firm funding appears to be as a result of three factors. First is low return on investment. Second is regulatory uncertainty from the Israeli government. Third is the lack of knowledge of renewable energy by independent venture capitalists.
VHA chaplaincy contact with veterans at increased risk of suicide

OBJECTIVES: To examine the extent to which chaplains interact with military veterans at increased risk of suicide and select characteristics related to those at-risk veterans who present for chaplaincy services. METHODS: The nationwide network of chaplains affiliated with the Veterans Health Administration (n = 990) was e-mailed a letter inviting those who have contact with at-risk veterans to complete a survey. This letter included an Internet link, connecting respondents to an online survey collection service. One hundred eighteen chaplains (11.91%) responded to the survey. RESULTS: More than half of the respondents reported that veterans at increased risk of suicide constitute either 1 chaplain, and present at a moderate-to-high level of risk. CONCLUSIONS: The present study finds that some at-risk veterans look to chaplains for supportive services. The findings also allow for opportunities for future research. Language: en
Acute Effects of Smoking on Respiration and Circulation

SummarySmoking one cigaret according to a standardized exaggerated technic, lowers alveolar CO2 for from 10 to 30 minutes, and increases blood pressure and heart rate for from 30 to 60 minutes in both smokers and relative non-smokers. Nicotine-free cigarets produce very much less effect.
Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals from Achiral Molecules And A Liquid Conglomerate

Until recently, it was an empirical fact that creation of a chiral liquid crystal phase required enantiomerically enriched molecules. In addition, to date known ferroelectric and antiferroelectric smectics have also been composed of enantiomerically enriched molecules. Herein are described the first examples of the formation of chiral and antiferroelectric supermolecular liquid crystalline structures from achiral molecules. In one case (apparently metastable) the liquid crystal structure is macroscopically chiral, with samples composed of heterochiral macroscopic domains: a liquid conglomerate.
Electrical Characteristics and Device Applications of Zone-Melting-Recrystallized Si Films on SiO2

Device-quality Si films have been prepared by using graphite strip heaters for zone melting poly-Si films deposited on SiO2-coated substrates. The electrical characteristics of these films have been studied by the fabrication and evaluation of thin-film resistors, MOSFETs and MOS capacitors. High yields of functional transistor arrays and ring oscillators with promising speed performance have been obtained for CMOS test circuit chips fabricated in recrystallized Si films on 2-inch-diameter Si wafers. Dual-gate MOSFETs with a three-dimensional structure have been fabricated by using the zone-melting recrystallization technique.
Intervention Strategies Used by Occupational Therapists Working in Mental Health and Their Theoretical Basis

ABSTRACTThe theoretical basis of occupational therapy interventions was investigated in two mental health facilities in the Midwestern United States. Using retrospective cohort and grounded theory designs, 121 medical records were reviewed and five occupational therapy practitioners were interviewed. Theoretical reasoning was not explicitly documented, but according to analysis, the behavioral/cognitive-behavioral model, client-centered models, and the model of human occupation were the most frequently used theories to guide interventions. Lack of documentation of theory use has significant implications for the value accorded to occupational therapy skills in health care. A larger study is recommended to increase external generalizability of the findings.
Titania and Silica Materials Derived from Chemically Dehydrated Porous Botanical Templates

This study describes the development of a mild room-temperature chemical dehydration method that effectively removes water from fragile living botanical leaf species without collapsing or physically degrading their macrostructure. The dehydrated plant materials retain an extensive vascular and cellular structure that was subsequently used as templating surfaces for metal oxide growth. The facile room-temperature chemical dehydration process used 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) in acid-catalyzed reactions with water to yield methanol and acetone. The resulting chemically dehydrated botanical materials are relatively robust and retain their intricate internal cellular and vascular structures with little reduction in physical size despite the removal of over 70% of their original mass. Dehydrated botanical templates from several different leaf species were used to produce titania and silica structures. Water reactive titanium and silicon alkoxide precursors were incorporated into the DMP dried templates through a...
Take the Advice of a Decision Aid: I'D Rather be Wrong !

It has been proposed that operators sometimes refuse to follow the guidance of a decision aid that they know is offering correct or useful advice (intent errors). To test this premise, some participants received a “recommendation” from a computerized decision aid before each of 100 target detection trials. These operators were told that the aid always offered correct advice. A control group performed the same task without the decision aid. Most of the aided participants (82%) made one or more errors because they were unwilling to follow the aid's recommendations. Furthermore, the number of errors made by the experimental and control groups was not statistically different. Extrapolation of the results suggests that efforts to reduce automation disuse should include training designed to mitigate intent as well as appraisal errors.
Development and Prospect of Hybrid Rice in High Latitude Area

The development of hybrid rice is always a focus of attention of agriculture science and re- search,from nothing to nowadays existence,hybrid rice in high latitude area experienced a long and hard studying process.This article pointed out some problems and the heading way of Heilongjiang hybrid rice study.
Incentives and barriers to exercise in women with a history of breast cancer.

Purpose/objectives To develop and test an instrument to identity the most important incentives and barriers to exercise in women with breast cancer. Design Descriptive, quantitative, retrospective. Setting Ambulatory, national. Sample Phase I-11 Caucasian women, with a mean age of 43 years, who were treated for breast cancer within the past five years; Phase II-64 primarily Caucasian women, with a mean age of 47 years, who were treated for breast cancer within the past 10 years. Methods Content analysis of structured interviews, questionnaire. Findings The mean score on the decisional balance index (DBI), an overall exercise weight, was a low +19. The range of scores was from a low -26 to a moderate +57 on a scale from -72 to +72. The DBI accurately predicted 88% of the distribution of women who exercised regularly and those who did not. The most important incentives for exercise in a sample of women with a history of breast cancer were expectation of benefit and sense of responsibility. The most important barriers were lack of time and inertia. Conclusions Replication is needed with larger, more diverse samples, but the Incentive and Barriers to Exercise Scale (IBES) potentially can screen women with breast cancer with the greatest need for exercise interventions. An individualized plan to promote incentives and reduce barriers should be incorporated into interventions. Implications for nursing practice Nurses' proactive support for and education about exercise is needed.
Interaction of PKCα-C2 Domain with Lipid Bilayer: A Molecular Dynamics Study

PKCα is a member of a large family of serine/threonine kinases that is involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. The primary mode of PKCα regulation involves the C2 subunit docking with the cell membrane; however the molecular mechanisms of these interactions are poorly understood. Therefore, we used atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the interaction between PKCα-C2 domains and lipid bilayers. In this study, three lipid bilayers with different compositions (pure POPC, POPC/POPS/PIP2 and POPC/POPS/PIP2/POG) were used to study the effects of POPC, PIP2, and POG on PKCα-C2 docking to the lipid bilayer. In the absence of POPS and PIP2, our results show that the PKCα-C2 domain does not interact with the bilayer surface. In contrast, in the presence of POPS and PIP2, the domain strongly docked to lipid bilayers. Furthermore, the results show that POG alters hydrogen bonding patterns between PKCa-C2 and PIP2 molecules. We hypothesize that POG facilitates the docking of PKCα-C2 domain to the bilayer by modifying the bilayer headgroup region.
Pediatric Hereditary Angioedema as a Cause of Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Hand and Forearm: A Case Report.

Background Compartment syndrome of the upper extremity is a surgical emergency that, when left untreated, can have dire consequences. Its causes are numerous, one of which is the uncommon entity hereditary angioedema, an autosomal dominant disease resulting in edema in a variety of potential locations, including the extremities. This is only the second time hereditary angioedema has been mentioned in the literature as a cause of compartment syndrome. Methods We present a case of hereditary angioedema leading to hand and forearm compartment syndrome in a 13-year-old pediatric patient. Diagnosis of hereditary angioedema was made by our Rheumatology colleagues with physical exam and a thorough history, and confirmed by laboratory studies. Results Our patient presented with compartment syndrome of the hand and forearm and underwent hand and volar forearm fasciotomies. She was subsequently worked up for hereditary angioedema with laboratory results confirming the diagnosis. She was discharged after a 5-day hospitalization with prophylactic C1-inhibitor therapy. Conclusions Hereditary angioedema is a rare but known cause of compartment syndrome of the upper extremity, and must be considered when patients present with compartment syndrome of unknown etiology. This disease can be diagnosed by laboratory studies and symptoms can be controlled with medical therapy.
Demographics and Fellowship Training of Residency Leadership in EM: A Descriptive Analysis.

INTRODUCTION Emergency Medicine (EM) fellowships are becoming increasingly numerous and there is a growing trend among EM residents to pursue postgraduate fellowship training. There is scant data published on the prevalence of postgraduate training amongst EM physicians. We aim to describe the prevalence and regional variation of fellowships amongst EM residency leadership METHODS We conducted an online anonymous survey which was sent to the EM Council of Residency Directors (CORD) membership in October 2014. The survey was a brief questionnaire, which inquired about fellowship, secondary board certification, gender, and length in a leadership position of each member of its residency leadership. Responses to the survey were separated into four different geographic regions. The geographic regions were defined by the same classification used by the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). Residency leadership was defined as program director (PD), associate PD and assistant PD. Residencies who did not complete the survey were then individually contacted to encourage completion. The survey was initially piloted for ease of use and understanding of the questions with a select few EM PDs. RESULTS Responses were obtained from 145 out of the 164 ACGME accredited EM residencies (88%). The fellowship prevalence amongst PD, Associate PD, and Assistant PDs was 21.4%, 20.3%, and 24.9% respectively. The most common fellowship completed was a fellowship in toxicology. Secondary board certification among PD, associate PD, and assistant PD was 9.7%, 4.8%, and 2.9% respectively. 82% of PDs have at least five years in residency leadership. 76% of PDs were male, and there was a near even split of gender amongst associate PDs and assistant PDs. The Western region had the highest percentage of fellowship and or secondary board certification amongst all levels of residency leadership. Conclusions: There is a low prevalence of fellowship training and secondary board certification amongst EM residency leadership with the most common being toxicology. Assistant PD’s who the majority had less than 5 years residency leadership experience had the highest percentage of fellowship training. There is a regional variation in the percentage of residency leadership completing postgraduate training.
CHAPTER XV – Entropy and Biology

It is not enough that you should understand about applied science in order that your work may increase man's blessings. Concern for man himself and his fate must always form the chief interest of all technical endeavors, concern for the great unsolved problems of the organization of labor and the distribution of goods—in order that the creations of our mind shall be a blessing and not a curse to mankind. Never forget this in the midst of your diagrams and equations.
Psychosocial influences on 305 adults' survival after bone marrow transplantation; depression, smoking, and behavioral self-regulation.

Abstract Objective The role of psychological factors in adult survival after bone marrow transplant (BMT) has not been adequately established. BMT survival rates have been shown to depend largely on disease and demographic variables. With sample sizes no larger than 123, the majority of psychosocial studies found little definitive statistical evidence that mood, marital/cohabiting status, coping styles, or smoking affect survival. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine the relative contribution of psychological variables to survival after BMT in a unified model, controlling for medical and demographic variables. Methods Pre-BMT, 305 consecutive patients were psychologically assessed with interview and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale (TERS) ratings were assigned retrospectively by two raters (interrater reliability r=.89). We employed a fully parametric, accelerated failure time regression model (Weibull), which provides richer extrapolation and interpretation than the semiparametric Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Overall our results indicate that for a given medical condition, the type of BMT patient likely to survive longest was a young, married, educated, European-American, nonsmoker who was more defiant, better adjusted, and less depressed. Moreover, the longer a patient survived, the smaller the probability of dying in the short run. Conclusions This study, the first large-scale statistical analysis using a fully parametric model (Weibull), provides evidence that select psychosocial variables can affect BMT survival. Future investigations could explore possible mediating variables, and whether identifying high-risk individuals pretreatment could enhance resource allocation, psychological intervention, and possibly even survival itself.
Role of Water in Energy Development 1

Abstract Almost all energy-related activities use water. The steam electric generating plants use large amounts of water for evaporative cooling. Development of a synthetic fuel industry and/or of oil shale as a source of hydrocarbons will require significant amounts of water - as process water, as cooling water, and for disposal of material waste. Thus the energy sector becomes a fourth major category of water uses, alongside urban agglomerations, agriculture (irrigation), and industry. The competition between the energy sector and other users for the limited availability of water resources may determine the rate of economic growth of a region. Water-energy-economy models were developed for the study of the role of water in energy development and for the evaluation of policy alternatives in the energy sector and/or in the water sector of the U.S. economy
New Perspectives on Gender

Abstract Psychological and socio-psychological factors are now more commonly discussed as possible explanations for gender differences in labor market outcomes. We first describe the (mainly) laboratory-based evidence regarding gender differences in risk preferences, in attitudes towards competition, in the strength of other-regarding preferences, and in attitudes towards negotiation. We then review the research that has tried to quantify the relevance of these factors in explaining gender differences in labor market outcomes outside of the laboratory setting. We also describe recent research on the relationship between social and gender identity norms and women’s labor market choices and outcomes, as well as on the role of child-rearing practices in explaining gender identity norms. Finally, we report on some recent work documenting puzzling trends in women’s well-being and discuss possible explanations for these trends, including identity considerations. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Uncovering genomic regions associated with trypanosoma infections in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes

Vector-borne diseases are responsible for > 1 million deaths every year but genomic resources for most species responsible for their transmission are limited. This is true for neglected diseases such as sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis), a disease caused by Trypanosoma parasites vectored by several species of tseste flies within the genus Glossina We describe an integrative approach that identifies statistical associations between trypanosome infection status of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Gff) flies from Uganda, for which functional studies are complicated because the species cannot be easily maintained in laboratory colonies, and ∼73,000 polymorphic sites distributed across the genome. Then, we identify candidate genes involved in Gff trypanosome susceptibility by taking advantage of genomic resources from a closely related species, G. morsitans morsitans (Gmm). We compiled a comprehensive transcript library from 72 published and unpublished RNAseq experiments of trypanosome-infected and uninfected Gmm flies, and improved the current Gmm transcriptome assembly. This new assembly was then used to enhance the functional annotations on the Gff genome. As a consequence, we identified 56 candidate genes in the vicinity of the 18 regions associated with Trypanosoma infection status in Gff Twenty-nine of these genes were differentially expressed (DE) among parasite-infected and uninfected Gmm, suggesting that their orthologs in Gff may correlate with disease transmission. These genes were involved in DNA regulation, neurophysiological functions, and immune responses. We highlight the power of integrating population and functional genomics from related species to enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of physiological traits, particularly in nonmodel organisms.
Next-to-leading-logarithmic power corrections for N -jettiness subtraction in color-singlet production

We present a detailed derivation of the power corrections to the factorization theorem for the 0-jettiness event shape variable $\mathcal{T}$. Our calculation is performed directly in QCD without using the formalism of effective field theory. We analytically calculate the next-to-leading logarithmic power corrections for small $\mathcal{T}$ at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant, extending previous computations which obtained only the leading-logarithmic power corrections. We address a discrepancy in the literature between results for the leading-logarithmic power corrections to a particular definition of 0-jettiness. We present a numerical study of the power corrections in the context of their application to the $N$-jettiness subtraction method for higher-order calculations, using gluon-fusion Higgs production as an example. The inclusion of the next-to-leading-logarithmic power corrections further improves the numerical efficiency of the approach beyond the improvement obtained from the leading-logarithmic power corrections.
Reichenbach Falls—And Rises? Reconstructing the Discovery/Justification Distinction

The distinction between ‘context of discovery’ and ‘context of justification’ in philosophy of science appears simple at first but contains interesting complexities. Paul Hoyningen-Huene has catalo...
Vinculin Force-Sensitive Dynamics at Focal Adhesions Enable Effective Directed Cell Migration

Cell migration is a complex process, requiring coordination of many subcellular processes including membrane protrusion, adhesion, and contractility. For efficient cell migration, cells must concurrently control both transmission of large forces through adhesion structures and translocation of the cell body via adhesion turnover. Although mechanical regulation of protein dynamics has been proposed to play a major role in force transmission during cell migration, the key proteins and their exact roles are not completely understood. Vinculin is an adhesion protein that mediates force-sensitive processes, such as adhesion assembly under cytoskeletal load. Here, we elucidate the mechanical regulation of vinculin dynamics. Specifically, we paired measurements of vinculin loads using a Forster resonance energy transfer-based tension sensor and vinculin dynamics using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to measure force-sensitive protein dynamics in living cells. We find that vinculin adopts a variety of mechanical states at adhesions, and the relationship between vinculin load and vinculin dynamics can be altered by the inhibition of vinculin binding to talin or actin or reduction of cytoskeletal contractility. Furthermore, the force-stabilized state of vinculin required for the stabilization of membrane protrusions is unnecessary for random migration, but is required for directional migration along a substrate-bound cue. These data show that the force-sensitive dynamics of vinculin impact force transmission and enable the mechanical integration of subcellular processes. These results suggest that the regulation of force-sensitive protein dynamics may have an underappreciated role in many cellular processes.
Comparison of ICP-MS and Spectrophotometry Methods for the Analysis of Iodine in 2013 US FDA Total Diet Study Samples

The iodine content in total diet study (TDS) food samples collected in 2013 was determined by alkaline extraction followed by ICP-MS analysis, as well as by perchloric acid digestion followed by spectrophotometric detection. The ICP-MS method provides lower limits of quantification and higher accuracy. The new method allowed for quantitative determination of iodine content in over 90% of the samples compared to 40% by the former technique. The iodine contents from 266 foods measured in this study were summarized in 11 groups. Bread, dairy, and eggs showed the highest levels of iodine, followed by seafood and meat products. Fruits, vegetables, and beverages contained the lowest amount of iodine.
PROPERTIES OF ORGANOTIN POLYESTERS CROSSLINKED BY CYCLOALIPHATIC EPOXIDES

A new synthesis of thermoset antifouling polymer systems Ms achieved by the crosslinking reaction of cycloaliphatic epoxides with the free carboxyl groups present on a base polymer partially esterified with tributyltin oxide. The network structure was varied, and the average separation, length and type of epoxy crosslinks were altered by changing the degree of esterification of the base polymer, the structure and proportion of epoxy monomer, and the type of catalyst. Concurrent changes in measured strength, fracture toughness and dynamic mechanical behavior of the polymer systems have been correlated with the structural variables employed. Results presented here pertain mainly to systems based on styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer crosslinked by cycloaliphatic epoxides. Toughening by carboxyl terminated liquid elastomers has also been studied and the improvement in fracture toughness related to the average particle size of the dispersed elastomer phase which was in turn controlled by elastomer content, A:E ratio, and tributyltin content. The formation of domains in the matrix with independent glass transitions was followed by observing variations in loss moduli which also reflected the structural effects of bulky tributyltin groups and different epoxy monomers. The highest degrees of cross-linking were found with uranyl nitrate catalyst.
Properties and Inhibition Spectrum of a New Human Pancreatic Protease

In our laboratory we have isolated to this date two forms of trypsin and three forms of chymotrypsin from homogenates of human pancreatic tissue [1-4]. However, we have been unable to detect the presence of any specific enzyme which hydrolyzes elastin. Nevertheless, a proteolytic enzyme (Protease E), which hydrolyses all of the conventional synthetic substrates used for identification of elastase activity (benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine p-nitrophenyl ester, N-tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl-L-alanine p-nitrophenyl ester and acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine methyl ester) has been identified and purified to homogeneity. This enzyme is referred to elsewhere as a second proteolytic component isolated during the purification of anionic trypsin [2].
Detection of Fusion Transcripts Generated by the Inversion 16 Chromosome in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)(p13q22)] and the related t(16;16)(p13;q22) are seen in a subset of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) phenotypically and prognostically differing from other cases. We have recently shown that inv(16) results in fusion of CBFB/PEBP2B, a gene encoded at 16q22 to MYH11, a smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene encoded at 16p13. Chimeric transcripts consisting of upstream CBFB fused to downstream MYH11 coding sequences result from this fusion. In this study we have examined a series of 37 of these cases using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect expression of a hybrid CBFB/MYH11 transcript. Chimeric cDNAs were detected in all but 1 of 37 leukemias with typical inv(16) or t(16;16). Such chimeric products were not seen in a case with inv(16)(p13q24) (ie, a variant q arm breakpoint) or any of 10 cases of AML without these chromosomal changes. Four different chimeric transcripts were found, representing differing fusion points within MYH11 spliced to position 495 of CBFB. Primer sets are described for efficient amplification of these different cDNA forms. Amplification of cDNA showed that all but 17 codons of the CBFB coding sequence are included in the abnormal transcripts. RT-PCR was shown to be highly sensitive and potentially useful for detection of leukemic cells during morphologic remission.
Isolation and Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells from Dog Glioblastoma

There is increasing evidence in some malignancies that the tumor clone is heterogeneous (phenotypically and functionally) in regard to proliferation and differentiation. The cancer stem cell hypothesis implies that not all the cells in the tumor have the same capacity to proliferate and maintain the growth of the tumor. Only a relative small fraction of cells in the tumor, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), possess the ability to proliferate and self-renew extensively. In the past decade, several groups have reported the existence of a CSC population in different human brain tumors from both children and adults. Our study demonstrated the presence of a CSC population from a dog with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that possesses a great capacity for proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. This cell line is aneuploid, forms neurospheres in culture, possesses CSC markers, and reproduces the original dog GBM when inoculated into the nude mouse brain. A comparative approach to the study of canine glioblastoma CSC provides an excellent animal model for human glioblastoma pathogenesis and development of novel therapies in both species.
Leadership in Nonprofit Organisationen. Programmatische Überlegungen zur organisationspädagogischen Leadership-Forschung

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Rolle von Leadership in organisationalen Lernprozessen in Nonprofit Organisationen (NPO). Unter Bezugnahme auf die padagogische Organisationsforschung, wird die Frage aufgeworfen, inwieweit und wie Fuhrung als bewusste Gestaltung von Organisationen individuelle, kollektive und insbesondere organisationale Lernprozesse in einem spezifischen institutionellen Kontext unterstutzt. Ein kurzer Rekurs auf die allgemeine Leadershiptheorie identifiziert zentrale Aspekte von Fuhrung (2). Dabei wird das systematische Defizit dieser Theorien deutlich, in der Analyse von Fuhrungshandeln nicht ausreichend Bezug auf institutionelle Kontexte zu nehmen. Im Anschluss werden fur den Nonprofit Sektor organisationale Spezifika herausgearbeitet, die Fuhrungshandeln rahmen (3). Schlieslich fragt der Beitrag nach der spezifischen Rolle von Fuhrung in organisationspadagogischen Prozessen in NPO (4).
Power–Control as a Between- and Within-Family Model: Reconsidering the Unit of Analysis

Power-control theory predicts gender differences in delinquency based on the level of patriarchy in the family. Tests yield mixed results, generally supporting some elements of the theory. However, because previous research does not test the theory at the family level, research does not capture within-family, as well as between-family, differences. This study, using the National Youth Survey, yields support for the use of family-level data, over individual-level data, in testing power-control theory.
Efficient SVBRDF Acquisition with Manifold Bootstrapping

This chapter presents manifold bootstrapping, a new method for data-driven modeling of real-world, spatially varying reflectance, based on the idea that reflectance data over a given material sample forms a low-dimensional manifold. Manifold bootstrapping provides a high-resolution result in both the spatial and angular domains by decomposing reflectance measurement into two lower-dimensional phases. The first acquires representatives of high angular dimension but sampled sparsely over the surface, while the second acquires keys of low angular dimension but sampled densely over the surface. At each surface position, a local linear combination of a small number of neighboring representatives is computed to match each key, yielding a spatially variant bidirectional reflectance distribution function (SVBRDF) of high resolution. A quick capture session on simple devices yields results showing sharp and anisotropic specularity and rich spatial detail.
The composition and metabolism of microsomal and mitochondrial membrane lipids in the Morris 7777 hepatoma.

Mitochondria and microsomes isolated from the Morris 7777 hepatoma demonstrated a markedly different phospholipid composition from the control organelle both with respect to the types present and the fatty acid composition. Hepatoma mitochondria contained lower amounts of cardiolipin than control liver (3.7% versus 5.2%). Some compensation in the amount of acidic phospholipids in the hepatoma mitochondria was made by an increase in phosphatidylserine (4.9% versus 1.3%). The major difference in microsomal phospholipids was an increase in the hepatoma sphingomyelin content. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in both hepatoma organelles was lowered, concomitant with an increase in the level of monoun-saturated fatty acid. Moreover, the usual distribution of saturated fatty acids at position 1 and polyunsaturated fatty acids at position 2 was not observed in hepatoma mitochondrial phospholipids. Force-area curves of the hepatoma phospholipids spread on a mono-molecular film demonstrated a smaller area per molecule than those from control liver mitochondria. The zeta potential of liposomes of the hepatoma mitochondria phospholipids (−45) was less than that of control mitochondria (−81) as determined by microelectrophoresis. In studies of phosphoglyceride metabolism, the calcium-stimulated phospholipase A activity of the hepatoma mitochondria appeared to be more readily expressed than the same activity in the liver organelle. The maximal activity was lower, however, than that in liver mitochondria. Hepatoma microsomes incorporated free fatty acids into monoacyl phospholipids, in the presence of an acyl-CoA generating system, to a lesser degree than liver microsomes. Additionally, frozen and thawed microsomes from the hepatoma 7777 had little capacity to incorporate free fatty acids, whereas, such treatment had no effect on liver microsomes. These results indicate that the fatty acid activating enzyme of hepatoma microsomes is more labile than that of liver. Both microsomal samples had phospholipase(s) which were active on membrane phospholipids, yet the hepatoma microsomes demonstrated no accumulation of the monoacylphos-phoglyceride product, unlike liver where one half of the product accumulated. This indicates that the precursor for reacylation in the Lands’ cycle is decreased in the hepatoma. The hepatoma stearoyl-CoA desaturate activity was elevated with respect to the liver microsomal enzyme. Moreover, the 6△desaturase was significantly decreased in hepatoma. We conclude from these results that the alterations in hepatoma phospholipid composition, both quantitatively and qualitatively, may be accounted for, in part, by the metabolic aberrations described here.