cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SWI-SNF Complex Participation in Transcriptional Activation at a Step Subsequent to Activator Binding

The SWI-SNF complex in yeast and related complexes in higher eukaryotes have been implicated in assisting gene activation by overcoming the repressive effects of chromatin. We show that the ability of the transcriptional activator GAL4 to bind to a site in a positioned nucleosome is not appreciably impaired in swi mutant yeast cells. However, chromatin remodeling that depends on a transcriptional activation domain shows a considerable, although not complete, SWI-SNF dependence, suggesting that the SWI-SNF complex exerts its major effect at a step subsequent to activator binding. We tested this idea further by comparing the SWI-SNF dependence of a reporter gene based on the GAL10 promoter, which has an accessible upstream activating sequence and a nucleosomal TATA element, with that of a CYC1-lacZ reporter, which has a relatively accessible TATA element. We found that the GAL10-based reporter gene showed a much stronger SWI-SNF dependence than did the CYC1-lacZ reporter with several different activators. Remarkably, transcription of the GAL10based reporter by a GAL4-GAL11 fusion protein showed a nearly complete requirement for the SWI-SNF complex, strongly suggesting that SWI-SNF is needed to allow access of TFIID or the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Taken together, our results demonstrate that chromatin remodeling in vivo can occur by both SWI-SNF-dependent and -independent avenues and suggest that the SWI-SNF complex exerts its major effect in transcriptional activation at a step subsequent to transcriptional activator-promoter recognition.
Monetary Policy vs. Foreign Exchange Rate: A Statistical Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic impact of the Fed’s rate cuts on foreign exchange movements. Using secondary data, the paper estimates the lagged effects of the changes in money supply due to the rate cuts on the foreign exchange rates between the US dollar and the Japanese Yen ($/¥), British Pounds ($/£), and the euro ($/€), respectively. Since the impact of monetary policy tends to have a time lag, as suggested by Hall and Taylor, the study segments the measurements in six months intervals (6 months form the cut, 12 months from the cut, 18 months from the cut and 24 months from the cut). The relationship between the changes in money supply and potential impact on foreign exchange rate movements will be investigated using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficients (PPMCC) as well as Spearman’s Rank Correlation coefficients (SRCC, the nonparametric alternative to the PPMCC). Then, a hypothesis test will be conducted to determine whether the correlation between the Federal Reserve’s stimulating monetary policy and foreign exchange rate movements is significant.
Microbial and mineralogical characterizations of soils collected from the deep biosphere of the former Homestake gold mine, South Dakota.

A microbial census on deep biosphere (1.34 km depth) microbial communities was performed in two soil samples collected from the Ross and number 6 Winze sites of the former Homestake gold mine, Lead, South Dakota using high-density 16S microarrays (PhyloChip). Soil mineralogical characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron, and Mossbauer spectroscopic techniques which demonstrated silicates and iron minerals (phyllosilicates and clays) in both samples. Microarray data revealed extensive bacterial diversity in soils and detected the largest number of taxa in Proteobacteria phylum followed by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The archael communities in the deep gold mine environments were less diverse and belonged to phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Both the samples showed remarkable similarities in microbial communities (1,360 common OTUs) despite distinct geochemical characteristics. Fifty-seven phylotypes could not be classified even at phylum level representing a hitherto unidentified diversity in deep biosphere. PhyloChip data also suggested considerable metabolic diversity by capturing several physiological groups such as sulfur-oxidizer, ammonia-oxidizers, iron-oxidizers, methane-oxidizers, and sulfate-reducers in both samples. High-density microarrays revealed the greatest prokaryotic diversity ever reported from deep subsurface habitat of gold mines.
Halo Mitigation Using Nonlinear Lattices

This work shows that halos in beams with space charge effects can be controlled by combining nonlinear focusing and collimation. The study relies on Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations for a one dimensional, continuous focusing model. The PIC simulation results show that nonlinear focusing leads to damping of the beam oscillations thereby reducing the mismatch. It has been well established previously that reduced mismatch leads to reduced halo formation. However, the nonlinear damping is accompanied by emittance growth causing the beam to spread in phase space. As a result, inducing nonlinear damping alone cannot help mitigate the halo. To compensate for this expansion in phase space, the beam is collimated in the simulation and further evolution of the beam shows that the halo is not regenerated. The focusing model used in the PIC simulation will be briefly discussed based on a systematic analysis that has already been done through canonical averaging using Lie transform perturbation theory. This analysis shows that by averaging over a lattice period for a specific arrangement of linear and nonlinear elements, one can reduce the focusing force to a form that is identical to that used in the PIC simulation in an averaged sense, thus providing an equivalence between the model and a realistic system.
Transforming Patient-Centered Care: Development of the Evidence Informed Decision Making through Engagement Model

Abstract Background In response to the passage of the Affordable Care Act in the United States, clinicians and researchers are critically evaluating methods to engage patients in implementing evidence-based care to improve health outcomes. However, most models on implementation only target clinicians or health systems as the adopters of evidence. Patients are largely ignored in these models. A new implementation model that captures the complex but important role of patients in the uptake of evidence may be a critical missing link. Discussion Through a process of theory evaluation and development, we explore patient-centered concepts (patient activation and shared decision making) within an implementation model by mapping qualitative data from an elective induction of labor study to assess the model's ability to capture these key concepts. The process demonstrated that a new, patient-centered model for implementation is needed. In response, the Evidence Informed Decision Making through Engagement Model is presented. We conclude that, by fully integrating women into an implementation model, outcomes that are important to both the clinician and patient will improve. Conclusions In the interest of providing evidence-based care to women during pregnancy and childbirth, it is essential that care is patient centered. The inclusion of concepts discussed in this article has the potential to extend beyond maternity care and influence other clinical areas. Utilizing the newly developed Evidence Informed Decision Making through Engagement Model provides a framework for utilizing evidence and translating it into practice while acknowledging the important role that women have in the process.
Detection of P, QRS, and T Components of ECG using wavelet transformation

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are composed of five important waves: P, Q, R, S, and T. Sometimes, a sixth wave (U) may follow T. Q, R, and S are grouped together to form the QRS-complex. Detection of these waves is a vital step in ECG signal analysis to extract hidden patterns. Many prior studies have focused only on detection of the QRS-complex, because P and T waves are sparse and harder to isolate from the signal. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to detect all five waves - P, Q, R, S, and T in ECG signals using wavelet transformation. The accuracy for P wave detection is 99.5%, 99.8% for QRS complex, and 99.2% for T waves.
North American Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses Inhibit Type I Interferon Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

Although enveloped viruses typically trigger the prodigious secretion of alpha interferon (IFN-α) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), porcine pDC remain quiescent when exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). This inactivity is likely due to virus-mediated interference since the typical IFN-α response by either purified or nonsorted porcine pDC to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) or the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) D19, was markedly reduced in the presence of PRRSV. Suppression occurred independently of virus viability and acidification of pDC early endosomes but correlated with diminished levels of IFN-α mRNA. This change was attributed to an abrogation of transcription resulting from a decrease in the otherwise enhanced amounts of the requisite interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), whose gene expression in turn was limited as a consequence of a lessened availability of nuclear-localized signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). While PRRSV also inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) synthesis by pDC responding to either agent, only the interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6 production instigated by ODN D19 exposure was blocked. Likewise, PRRSV did not impact a specific TGEV-associated enhancement of IL-8 expression. Moreover, an augmented phosphorylation of NF-κB seen in activated pDC was not only unaffected by PRRSV but actually occurred in its presence. Thus, as supported by a demonstrated resilience of pDC to PRRSV infection, this pathogen may interact with a cell surface protein(s) to selectively impede the completion of cascades involved in cytokine production by stimulated pDC.
Stable and robust polymer nanotubes stretched from polymersomes

We create long polymer nanotubes by directly pulling on the membrane of polymersomes using either optical tweezers or a micropipette. The polymersomes are composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymers, and the nanotubes formed have an aqueous core connected to the aqueous interior of the polymersome. We stabilize the pulled nanotubes by subsequent chemical cross-linking. The cross-linked nanotubes are extremely robust and can be moved to another medium for use elsewhere. We demonstrate the ability to form networks of polymer nanotubes and polymersomes by optical manipulation. The aqueous core of the polymer nanotubes together with their robust character makes them interesting candidates for nanofluidics and other applications in biotechnology.
Data driven models for a PEM fuel cell stack performance prediction

Abstract The operating principles of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells system involve electrochemistry, thermodynamics and hydrodynamics theory for which it is not always easy to establish a mathematical model. In this paper two different methods to model a commercial PEM fuel cell stack are discussed and compared. The models presented are nonlinear, derived from a black-box approach based on a set of measurable exogenous inputs and are able to predict the output voltage and cathode temperature of a 5 kW module working at the CNR-ITAE. A PEM fuel cell stack fed with H 2 rich gas is employed to experimentally investigate the dynamic behaviour and to reveal the most influential factors. The performance obtained using a classical Neural Networks (NNs) model are compared with a number of stacking strategies. The results show that both strategies are capable of simulating the effects of different stoichiometric ratio in the output variables under different working conditions.
DISABILITY AND COST OF INDUSTRIAL FRACTURES

In conclusion our tabulation shows that the surgeon who has been specially trained in the treatment of fractures produces far better results in serious fractures, but that the general surgeon does more efficient work with minor fractures. In major fractures, the added cost produced by the specially trained surgeon is more than compensated by decreased disability. This is not true in minor fractures. Let me, therefore, plead that your care and caution, born of your training and specialization, should always be tempered with good, practical judgment, to prevent any unnecessary treatment or loss of your patient's time.
A Primordial Reply to Modern Gaunilos

Donald R. Gregory has recently argued that the monk Gaunilo's response to St Anselm's ontological argument succeeds in showing what is fundamen tally wrong with any ontological argument, including modern modal versions.' He holds that the Gaunilo strategy in fact demonstrates what it alleges, that reasoning which parallels the form and intent of Anselm's reductio argument can 'prove' a priori the existence of quite unacceptable entities. Gregory rejects the standard sort of reply to Gaunilo's perfect-island argument, the reply that such things as islands do not admit ofperfection, hence are not subjects for Anselm's reasoning. He argues that at least some 'limited species', which he suggests are species whose members do not admit of perfection considered as an 'absolute quality', nevertheless may have greatest possible members (p. 54). Expanding Gaunilo's approach, he then constructs an argument which he believes is logically parallel to the ontological argument, which seems to prove a priori the existence of greatest possible members for any possible species, including such entities as the greatest possible bowling game, the greatest possible island and the greatest possible giver-of-gifts-who-lives-at-the-North-Pole. The possibility of such an argu ment, Gregory believes, shows that the consequences of accepting Anselmian reasoning, a population explosion of greatest possible entities, are unaccept able, so he concludes in Gaunilo's own reductio fashion that Anselm's reasoning must therefore also be unacceptable. Gregory further asserts that even if an ontological argument is not set out in terms of greatness, perhaps instead focusing on power or wisdom, the consequences of accepting this revised reasoning are still unacceptable. He maintains that any ontological argument must claim that God possesses some property or other, perhaps wisdom or power or another of God's attributes, such that it is possessed 'to a higher degree or extent' if God exists than if God does not exist (p. 56). He calls a property that is 'possessed to a higher degree' (p. 57) if its subject exists than if its subject does not exist an E-property, and he constructs a second argument which he believes is logically parallel to the ontological argument, which seems to prove a priori the existence 'of
Wood Engineering Education – Trends and Challenges

An overview of the factors impacting the wood engineering/design education in the U.S. has been presented. The actions that need to be taken by the engineering departments and the wood products industry to ensure that wood engineering continues to be covered in the engineering programs have been discussed. The authors recommend a multi-faceted approach to promote wood engineering education in civil engineering programs in the U.S.
Effects of atropine and propranolol on lung inflammation in experimental envenomation: comparison of two buthidae venoms

Background: Previous works had shown that scorpion venom induced neurotransmitter elevation and an inflammatory response associated with various anatomo-pathological modifications. The most dangerous scorpions species in Algeria responsible for these effects are Androctonus australis hector (Aah) and Androctonus amoreuxi (Aam). Results: Comparison of the physiopathological effects induced by the two venoms showed differences in the kinetic of cytokine release and in lung injury. The lung edema was only observed in response to Aah venom and it was correlated with cell infiltration. In order to better understand the involved mechanism in inflammatory response, we used two antagonists, atropine (non-selective muscarinic antagonist) and propranolol (β adrenergic antagonist), which lead to a decrease of cell infiltration but has no effect on edema forming. Conclusion: These results suggest another pathway in the development of lung injury following envenomation with Aam or Aah venom.
The Influence of Stratification on the Inertial Recirculation

Abstract A two-layer quasigeostrophic model is used to investigate the influence of stratification on the inertial recirculation in a full basin model. It is found that the barotropic transport of the inertial recirculation is intensified significantly through barotropic–baroclinic interactions in the presence of a shallow thermocline or a strong stratification. Weakly nonlinear theories and numerical experiments show that a strong baroclinic–barotropic interaction intensifies the advection of potential vorticity anomaly toward the inertial recirculation and therefore forces a stronger recirculation. Furthermore, from the potential vorticity point of view, our model recirculations belong to the generalized “modonlike” recirculation (with dQ/dψ < 0). The increased zonal penetration of recirculation cells with stratification is not caused by the internal dynamics of the recirculation cells. Instead, it is caused by the increased advection of potential vorticity anomaly—an external forcing to the recirculati...
Bio-efficacy of insecticides against paddy insect pests under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

Five insecticides viz., Confidor Ultra 100 EC, Bulldock 025SC, Confidor 200 SL, Ethiprole 10 SC and Nuvacron 36 WSC @ 30, 12.5, 20, 50 and 500 g ai/ha were evaluated in field experiments for their bio-efficacy against paddy insect pests. Imidacloprid 50g + betacyfluthrin 50g (Confidor Ultra 100 EC) @ 30g ai/ha and betacyfluthrin (Bulldock 025 SC) @ 12.5 g ai/ha were statistically at par with the bio-efficacy of monocrotophos (Nuvacron 36 WSC) @ 500 g ai/ha for controlling major insect-pests of paddy under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
Turkey Liverwurst Processed with Various Meats and Meat Combinations

Abstract Experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of some turkey raw meat materials in varying combinations to produce a turkey liverwurst. Total heme concentration of turkey livers (47.6 mg/100 g) was 7.0 times greater than the heme content of boneless thigh meat, whereas mechanically deboned turkey frame meat had a heme content 2.7 times that of the thigh meat. No significant (P>.05) difference in heme content was found between the thigh meat and dark meat trimmings. Five turkey liverwurst (50% liver component) preparations were similar in moisture, fat, and protein content, reflecting only minor differences attributable to differences in raw material composition. Turkey thigh meat formulations generally yielded greater nitric oxide heme pigment formation and significantly (P
The gcd of Certain Binomial Coefficients

(1972). The gcd of Certain Binomial Coefficients. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 259-261.
The Effect of Temperature on the Redox Constraints for the Processing of High-Level Nuclear Waste into a Glass Waste Form

The oxidation-reduction equilibria of selected multivalent elements in an alkali borosilicate glass melt {Savannah River Laboratory frit #131} were measured as a function of the imposed oxygen fugacity over the temperature range from 950°C to 1350°C. Redox constraints on the processing of high-level nuclear waste into the glass melt require that the prevailing oxygen fugacity be about 10-5 to 10-12 atm at 950°C, about 10-2 to 10-9 atm at 1150°C, and about 100 to 10-7 atm at 1350°C. Such conditions circumvent foaming under oxidizing situations and metal/sulfide precipitation if the system becomes too reducing. The defined oxygen fugacity ranges correspond to the previously prescribed range of 0.1 to 0.5 for the [Fe2+]/[Fe3+] ratio in the resulting glass, independent of the processing temperature from 950°C to 1350°C.
Adenotonsillectomy in children. Modern indications and preparation.

Adenotonsillectomy is the most commonly performed childhood operation and is indicated in recurrent adenotonsillitis and other disease and obstructive states of the tonsils and adenoids. It is contraindicated in children with uncontrolled coagulation disorders and is deferred under certain other circumstances. Special problems must be considered before operation is undertaken, and the child's parents should be carefully briefed to obtain their full understanding and cooperation and that of the child.
In Vitro Viscosity Measurement on Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Suspensions

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a Brownian relaxation-based mixing-frequency method to test sample viscosities. This method uses excitatory and detection coils and Brownian relaxation-dominated superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which are sensitive to the characteristics of the liquid environment such as viscosity. Oscillating magnetic fields can induce harmonics through the nonlinear magnetization curve of superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Phase lag of the third-harmonic signal and the induced voltage ratio of the fifth over the third harmonic signals are collected. We build up standard graphs by plotting collected data from eight magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) mixtures with different viscosities. For any unknown liquids mixed with MNPs, we can collect phase lag and voltage ratio information and insert these data into the aforementioned standard graphs. This in vitro viscosity test can be done in 1 min. Our experimental result showed a 0.3% error rate for the liquid viscosity test.
Gel Point Suppression in RAFT Polymerization of Pure Acrylic Cross-Linker Derived from Soybean Oil.

Here we report the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), a cross-linker molecule, to high conversion (>50%) and molecular weight (>100 kDa) without macrogelation. Surprisingly, gelation is suppressed in this system far beyond the expectations predicated both on Flory-Stockmeyer theory and multiple other studies of RAFT polymerization featuring cross-linking moieties. By varying AESO and initiator concentrations, we show how intra- versus intermolecular cross-linking compete, yielding a trade-off between the degree of intramolecular linkages and conversion at gel point. We measured polymer chain characteristics, including molecular weight, chain dimensions, polydispersity, and intrinsic viscosity, using multidetector gel permeation chromatography and NMR to track polymerization kinetics. We show that not only the time and conversion at macrogelation, but also the chain architecture, is largely affected by these reaction conditions...
Attitude Accessibility and Persuasion: Review and a Transactive Model

For a number of reasons, communication scholars have neglected the attitude construct. However, recent research on the cognitive basis of attitudes has thrived. This research suggests that the abandonment of the attitude construct may be premature. A complete understanding of how persuasive messages are processed and the effectiveness of attempts at social influence necessitates a reconsideration of the utility of attitudes. This chapter reviews research on an important aspect of the construct: attitude accessibility. Attitudes that are highly accessible from memory are likely to influence the allocation of attention and the degree of message elaboration, result in selective information processing, and influence behavior. Mechanisms by which persuasive messages may make attitudes accessible are discussed, and a model of the transactive relationship between persuasion and attitude accessibility is proposed.
Health Behavior and Risk Factors

This article describes why health behavior is important, defines key types of health-related behavior, and notes the distinctions between various categories of behavior that contribute to at-risk status in populations. It introduces key concepts related to understanding and improving health behavior; briefly describes some current theoretical models that can be helpful in planning successful health behavior interventions for at-risk populations; and highlights significant cross-cutting issues related to risk communication and behavior change.
Integrating Shared Services with the Strategy and Operations of MNEs

A growing number of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are reaping advantages from consolidating functions into regional shared service centres (SSCs). Some of the benefits include more efficient tra...
Use of a Paraffin-Based Grout to Stabilize Buried Beryllium and Other Wastes

The long-term durability of WAXFIX, a paraffin-based grout, was evaluated for in situ grouting of activated beryllium wastes in the subsurface disposal area (SDA), a radioactive landfill at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex, part of the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The evaluation considered radiological and biological mechanisms that could degrade the grout using data from an extensive literature search and previous tests of in situ grouting at the INL. Conservative radioactive doses for WAXFIX were calculated from the "hottest" (i.e., highest-activity) Advanced Test Reactor beryllium block in the SDA. These results indicate that WAXFIX would not experience extensive radiation damage for many hundreds of years. Calculation ofradiation-induced hydrogen generation in WAXFIX indicated that grout physical performance should not be reduced beyond the effects ofradiation dose on the molecular structure. Degradation of a paraffin-based grout by microorganisms in the SDA is possible and perhaps likely, but the rate of degradation will be at a slower rate than found in the literature reviewed. The calculations showed the outer 0.46-m (18-in.) layer of each monolith, which represents the minimum expected distance to the beryllium block, was calculated to require 1000 to 3600 yr to be consumed. The existing data and estimations of biodegradation and radiolysis rates for WAXFIX/paraffin do not indicate any immediate problems with the use of WAXFIX for grouting beryllium or other wastes in the SDA.
ACCP Template for Evaluating a Clinical Pharmacist

ACCP is committed to ensuring that clinical pharmacists possess the competencies necessary to deliver comprehensive medication management in team-based, direct patient care environments. These competencies are divided into six essential domains: direct patient care, pharmacotherapy knowledge, systems-based care and population health, communication, professionalism, and continuing professional development. The 2016 ACCP Clinical Practice Affairs Committee has developed an evaluation tool that includes the assessable tasks of today's clinical pharmacists that fall within each domain. This instrument can be used by institutions, organizations, and others responsible for clinical pharmacist performance evaluation and professional development.
Revealing the Crystalline Integrity of Wafer-Scale Graphene on SiO2/Si: An Azimuthal RHEED Approach.

The symmetry of graphene is usually determined by a low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) method when the graphene is on the conductive substrates, but LEED cannot handle graphene transferred to SiO2/Si substrates due to the charging effect. While transmission electron microscopy can generate electron diffraction on post-transferred graphene, this method is too localized. Herein, we employed an azimuthal reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) method to construct the reciprocal space mapping and determine the symmetry of wafer-size graphene both pre- and post-transfer. In this work, single-crystalline Cu(111) films were prepared on sapphire(0001) and spinel(111) substrates with sputtering. Then the graphene was epitaxially grown on single-crystalline Cu(111) films with a low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The reciprocal space mapping using azimuthal RHEED confirmed that the graphene grown on Cu(111) films was single-crystalline, no matter the form of the monolayer or multilayer structure...
Development of a fast evaluation tool for rotating detonation combustors

Abstract Although rotating detonation engines may lead to improvements in the cycle thermal efficiency, their overall optimization is currently constrained by the need to perform time-consuming three-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulations of the combustor. Thus, there is a critical need to establish fast models to calculate the time-dependent temperature and pressure at the combustor outlet for further engine analysis and turbine integration. This manuscript describes a fast 2D simulation code of a rotating detonation combustor. This numerical methodology uses a 1D chemical kinetics solver, to reproduce the change of properties across the detonation wave front. The post-detonation flow is then resolved using a method of characteristics, which allows the prediction of pressure and temperature gain across the combustor. The main flow pattern, including the detonation front features, the shock wave angle and the outlet properties were compared with the solution of a two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes solver. This approach is subsequently used to predict the detonation height based on the entropy generation across the combustor.
Countable approximation of topological G-manifolds: Compact Lie groups G

Abstract Let G be a compact Lie group. (Compact) topological G-manifolds have the G-homotopy type of (finite-dimensional) countable G-CW complexes (2.5) . This partly generalizes Elfving's theorem for locally linear G-manifolds [14] , wherein the Lie group G is linear (such as compact).
The Right to Profitable Speech: Olympians, Sponsorship, and Social Media Discourse

Social media has given athletes unprecedented voice and direct access to audiences. To analyze the influence of athletes in the production of mediasport narratives, the focus on mediasport interpel...
Separase Inhibitor Sepin-1 Inhibits Foxm1 Expression and Breast Cancer Cell Growth.

Sepin-1, a potent non-competitive inhibitor of separase, inhibits cancer cell growth, but the mechanisms of Sepin-1-mediated growth inhibition are not fully understood. Here we report that Sepin-1 hinders growth of breast cancer cells, cell migration, and wound healing. Inhibition of cell growth induced by Sepin-1 in vitro doesn’t appear to be through apoptosis but rather due to growth inhibition. Following Sepin-1 treatment caspases 3 and 7 are not activated and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) is not cleaved. The expression of Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1), a transcription factor, and its target genes in the cell cycle, including Plk1, Cdk1, Aurora A, and Lamin B1, are reduced in a Sepin-1-dependent manner. Expressions of Raf kinase family members A-Raf, B-Raf, and C-Raf also are inhibited following treatment with Sepin-1. Raf is an intermediator in the Raf-Mek-Erk signaling pathway that phosphorylates FoxM1. Activated FoxM1 can promote its own transcription via a positive feedback loop. Sepin-1-induced downregulation of Raf and FoxM1 may inhibit expression of cell cycle-driving genes, resulting in inhibition of cell growth.
Dynamics of Baire-1 functions on the interval

Let with $$bB_{1}$$ the set of Baire-1 self-maps of I. For , let be the collection of $$\omega $$ -limit sets generated by f, and $$\mathrm{\Lambda } (f)=\bigcup _{x\in I}\omega (x,f)$$ be the set of $$\omega $$ -limit points of f. There exists S a residual subset of $$bB_{1}$$ such that for any , the following hold:
Polarization Resolved Measurement of Rayleigh Backscatter in Fiber-optic Components

Fiber-optic components, modules and assemblies for modern networking applications are becoming more complex. At the component and module level, failures such as bad splices, bends, crimps, and other non-reflective events can be extremely difficult to locate and troubleshoot. The available measurement techniques designed to identify these types of failures fall into two basic categories: optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR), and frequency domain reflectometry. Typically, OTDRs lack sufficient spatial resolution to be useful at the component and module level where one might be interested in, say, locating a bad splice in a concatenation of a dozen WDM components.
A Study on Legal and Ethical Issues Surrounding Health Practitioner Pro Bono Services

The purpose of this paper is to explore the legal and ethical implications of pro bono health care services in the United States and abroad. The research regarding volunteer or pro bono health services has focused mainly on physician involvement in volunteer medical services, or pro bono health services, with research showing only 39% of physicians, compared to 30% of general public, taking part in volunteer services to patients and the community. Historically, pro bono services were derived from the Canons of Professional Ethics in 1908 and evolved into the Model Code of Professional Responsibility in 1969 and finally the Model Rules of Professional Conduct in 1983. The World Health Organization developed the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health in 2005, which include the following goals: (1) Improving living conditions (2) Addressing the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources, and (3) Measuring and understanding the related problems. In the final report, the four areas of concern included socioeconomic factors, patient health care accessibility, health care rationing, and patient advocacy. Pro bono health services are one method of addressing the health care accessibility and socioeconomic factors surrounding the current dilemma in health care.
Effect of DNA copy number on genetic stability of phage-displayed peptides.

A small model peptide, the FLAG® epitope, was cloned into two filamentous phage display vectors, f88-4 and fd88-4, creating phages f88-FLAG and fd88-FLAG, respectively. Both vectors have a gene VII...
Transcriptional Response to Hypoxia in Developing Brain

Hypoxia affects gene expression in the cell. Multiple major transcription factor families are activated by hypoxia that include HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor), the factors that contribute to HIF regulation and other transcription factors and pathways that are activated by exposure to reduced oxygen. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge of hypoxia-responsive transcription factors and show observations regarding biological networks and pathways that contribute to long-term hypoxia adaptation through expression profiling.
Comparison of the Falling Drop Method to Existing Hemoglobin Methods

Anemia continues to be a major global health problem and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about two billion people (25% of world’s population) have some form of anemia, the majority of which tend to be in underdeveloped countries. Current methods of quantitating total blood hemoglobin are unsuitable for routine use in laboratories and clinics in underdeveloped countries due to the lack of: sufficient funding; reliable source of electricity, batteries, or instrument repair; adequate training of laboratory staff, and proper waste disposal. Our laboratory developed a simple and inexpensive method to measure hemoglobin, the Falling Drop Method, that does not require electricity or batteries and has low toxicity. The Falling Drop Method allows for hemoglobin measurements in clinics with limited financial means and without electricity. The method was also designed to be used in conjunction with Sickle Confirm, a method to identify and determine sickle cell zygosity, also developed in our lab. The Falling Drop Method will allow Sickle Confirm to be used in clinics without the financial or electrical means to measure hemoglobin or hematocrit. A previous correlation study conducted in our lab showed good correlation of the Falling Drop method (R2=0.908) to the gold standard method (Sysmex KX-21N) but not as good as other point of care devices (Hemocue 201+: R2=0.992 and Mission Plus: R2=0.978). Modifications were made to the Falling Drop Method to extend the column length to increase the regression slope and improve correlation. Data indicate increased regression slopes and increased correlation with the Sysmex KX-21N (R2=0.9306).
Health and Behavioral Health in the Military

Sizable numbers of dedicated U.S. military personnel experience physical health problems, mental health problems, and substance abuse problems during their military service. Although these problems are known, there are many gaps in understanding the overlap and intersections of these complex issues and their effects on the military. This book is the first effort to provide a broad-based integrative look at the nature and extent of substance abuse, physical health status and health behaviors, and mental health problems in the active military and their impact on the productivity and readiness of the active duty armed forces. This chapter provides background and context about the military, describes key factors that reduce military productivity and readiness, and introduces our conceptual framework that guides the analyses presented in this book. Findings are based on the analyses of 10 comprehensive Department of Defense Surveys of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel conducted from 1980 to 2008.
Hypercalcemia and Altered Mental Status

A 72-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 3-day history of slurred speech, altered mental status, and unstable gait. His family reported a 14-pound weight loss over the past 3 months, along with decreased energy, shortness of breath on exertion, and fatigue. Physical examination was remarkable for generalized weakness, pallor, and tachycardia with a heart rate of 102 beats per minute. Other vital signs include blood pressure, 149/80 mmHg; temperature, 36.1 °C (97 °F); and respiratory rate, 16 breaths per minute. His medical history was significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. According to his medical records, a colonoscopy performed 8 years earlier was unremarkable. He had a previous history of smoking (34 pack-years). He had no history of hematochezia or melena. Initial laboratory results are shown in Table 1. Stool guaiac testing was negative. Brain CT (computed tomography) scan ruled out a cerebrovascular accident, intracranial hemorrhage, or mass lesion in the brain. View this table: Table 1. Selected laboratory results.a The patient was managed with intravenous normal saline, calcitonin, and pamidronate for hypercalcemia. He was transfused with 2 units of packed red cells for symptomatic anemia. Extensive workup for the primary cause of hypercalcemia ensued. ### HYPERCALCEMIA There is considerable variability in how patients with hypercalcemia present. This variability is dependent upon the rate and magnitude of calcium increase. Common manifestations of hypercalcemia include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, polydipsia, polyuria, and lethargy. Patients with severe hypercalcemia may develop confusion, altered mental status, and gait instability (1). Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy make up the vast majority of hypercalcemia cases (2). Other causes of hypercalcemia include sarcoidosis, vitamin D toxicity, milk-alkali syndrome, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and side effect of drugs like lithium and thiazides. Historically, …
Post-traumatic enophthalmos secondary to orbital fat atrophy: a volumetric analysis.

To investigate via volumetric analysis whether orbital fat atrophy occurs in late post-traumatic enophthalmos. An IRB-approved retrospective cohort study identified patients with diagnoses of both ...
13 Invitro and invivo embryo production during foal heat in a mare: A case report

The objective of this case report is to describe in vitro and in vivo embryo production during foal heat in a mare. A 16-year-old American Quarter Horse mare was presented for breeding and nonsurgical embryo recovery days post-foaling. Upon transrectal ultrasonographic examination, the donor mare was determined to be in oestrous (foal heat) with presence of moderate uterine oedema, a relaxed cervix, absence of uterine fluid, a 35-mm dominant follicle, and multiple (n = 7) subordinate follicles (10-20 mm). To increase embryo production, oocytes were retrieved by ultrasound-guided ovum pickup of all subordinate follicles. Upon collection, oocytes (n = 4) were placed in embryo holding medium for 18 h at room temperature (22°C) and then matured in equine maturation medium (EqMat, Campos-Chillon et al. 2019 J. Equine Vet. Sci. 73, 51-55) for 30 h at 38.5°C in 6% CO2, 5% O2, and 89% N2. Matured oocytes (n = 3), as assessed by extrusion of the first polar body, underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection with frozen-thawed semen and a Piezo-driven injection system. Injected oocytes were cultured in SCF1 (Owen et al. 2017 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 29, 129-130) for 5 days and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 plus 5% FBS for 2 days at 38.5°C in 6% CO2, 5% O2, and 89% N2. On Day 10 post-foaling, the dominant follicle was 45 mm and the donor mare was inseminated with fresh semen (500 × 106 progressively motile spermatozoa) and ovulation was induced with 1.8 mg of deslorelin IM (SucroMate, Thorn BioScience LLC). The donor mare ovulated within normal limits by 48 h post-induction of ovulation (12 days post-foaling) and embryo recovery was attempted 8 days post-ovulation (20 days post-foaling). The donor mare was then administered 250 μg of Cloprostenol IM (Estrumate, Merck Animal Health) to induce oestrus and was inseminated again with cooled semen (1 × 109 progressively motile spermatozoa) for two consecutive cycles. Maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates were 57% (4/7), 67% (2/3), and 33% (1/3), respectively. The nonsurgical embryo recovery resulted in one expanded blastocyst grade 1. Both in vitro- and in vivo-produced blastocysts were transferred into synchronized recipients 5 days after oestrus on Day 16 and 20 post-foaling respectively. The donor mare got pregnant after the second cycle post-embryo recovery attempt. Pregnancy status of recipients and donor mare were evaluated at 14, 21, 30, and 50 days after embryo transfers or insemination with normal development for the three pregnancies. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first case report describing in vitro and in vivo embryo production performed during foal heat increasing number of pregnancies in a post-foaling mare in a single cycle.
Further evidence of Ceratobasidium D.P. Rogers (Basidiomycota) serving as the ubiquitous fungal associate of Platanthera leucophaea (Orchidaceae) in the North American tallgrass prairie.

In the United States and Canada, ca. one-half of native orchid species are now threatened with extinction. A number of these species are restricted to tallgrass prairies of central North America, such as the Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.—a U.S. Federally threatened species. We provide new records of fungi recovered from roots of P. leucophaea and five other orchid species inhabiting prairie sites in Illinois and neighboring states during a 10-year period (2008–2017). A total of 39 fungal endophytes were isolated from Cypripedium candidum (1), Platanthera lacera (1), P. leucophaea (32), P. peramoena (3), Spiranthes lacera (1), and S. magnicamporum (1), 31 (79%) of which were assignable to Ceratobasidium and the remainder to Tulasnella. These fungi were acquired from 16 different sites, 13 of which are new records including two new state records (Iowa, Wisconsin). Molecular analysis revealed that some Ceratobasidium strains were virtually identical despite being geographically isolated by > 300 km. This study, encompassing a decade of work, confirms that Platanthera leucophaea is a mycorrhizal specialist with heavy reliance on Ceratobasidium with the tallgrass prairie ecosystem of North America. Our isolation of Ceratobasidium from P. leucophaea spanning additional sites suggests that the association is widespread. Such information should provide conservationists and land managers with more confidence in developing protocols that facilitate the long-term conservation of this prairie orchid.
Fever and leukocytosis in critically ill trauma patients: it is not the blood.

Abstract The diagnosis of bacteremia in critically ill patients is classically based on fever and/or leukocytosis. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) if our intensive care unit obtains blood cultures based on fever and/or leukocytosis over the initial 14 days of hospitalization after trauma; and 2) the efficacy of this diagnostic workup. An 18-month retrospective cohort analysis was performed on consecutively admitted trauma patients. Data collected included demographics, injuries, and the first 14 days maximal daily temperature, leukocyte count, and results of blood and catheter tip cultures. Fever was defined as a maximum daily temperature of 38.5 degrees C or greater and leukocytosis as a leukocyte count 12,000/mm3 or greater of blood. Five hundred ten patients were evaluated for a total of 3,839 patient-days. The mean age and injury severity score were 49 +/- 1 years and 19 +/- 1, respectively. Four hundred twenty-five blood culture episodes were obtained and 25 (6%) bacteremias were identified in 23 patients (5%). A significant association was found between obtaining blood cultures in patients with fever (relative risk [RR], 7.7), leukocytosis (RR, 1.3), and fever + leukocytosis (RR, 3.2). However, no significant association was found between these clinical signs and the diagnosis of bacteremia. In fact, fever alone was inversely associated with bacteremia. Our intensive care unit follows the common "fever workup" practice and obtains blood cultures based on the presence of fever and leukocytosis. However, fever and leukocytosis were not associated with bacteremia, suggesting inefficiency and that other factors are more important after trauma.
Ten Years of Sports Health: Authorship Characteristics and Levels of Evidence:

Context:Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, now 10 years into production, has been ranked a top-25 journal in sport sciences and has tripled its impact throughout its existence.Objective:T...
Seasonality in cold coast bluff erosion processes

input files needed to run stability models in Scoops3D, includes strength parameterizations and gridded text data file describing spatial data resolution and elevations of ground surface, water table, bottom of sediment layers
Practical GW scheme for electronic structure of 3d-transition-metal monoxide anions: ScO-, TiO-, CuO-, and ZnO.

The GW approximation to many-body perturbation theory is a reliable tool for describing charged electronic excitations, and it has been successfully applied to a wide range of extended systems for several decades using a plane-wave basis. However, the GW approximation has been used to test limited spectral properties of a limited set of finite systems (e.g., frontier orbital energies of closed-shell sp molecules) only for about a decade using a local-orbital basis. Here, we calculate the quasiparticle spectra of closed- and open-shell molecular anions with partially and completely filled 3d shells (shallow and deep 3d states, respectively), ScO−, TiO−, CuO−, and ZnO−, using various levels of GW theory, and compare them to experiments to evaluate the performance of the GW approximation on the electronic structure of small molecules containing 3d transition metals. We find that the G-only eigenvalue self-consistent GW scheme with W fixed to the PBE level (GnW0@PBE), which gives the best compromise between accuracy and efficiency for solids, also gives good results for both localized (d) and delocalized (sp) states of 3d-transition-metal oxide molecules. The success of GnW0@PBE in predicting electronic excitations in these systems reasonably well is likely due to the fortuitous cancellation effect between the overscreening of the Coulomb interaction by PBE and the underscreening by the neglect of vertex corrections. Together with the absence of the self-consistent field convergence error (e.g., spin contamination in open-shell systems) and the GW multisolution issue, the GnW0@PBE scheme gives the possibility to predict the electronic structure of complex real systems (e.g., molecule-solid and sp-d hybrid systems) accurately and efficiently.