cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uncoupling of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton production in fresh waters is affected by inorganic nutrient limitation.

Pelagic bacterial production is often positively correlated, or coupled, with primary production through utilization of autotrophically produced dissolved organic carbon. Recent studies indicate that inorganic N or P can directly limit both bacterial and phytoplanktonic growth. Our mesocosm experiments, with whole communities from mesotrophic Calder Lake, test whether this apparent bacterial-algal coupling may be the result of independent responses to limiting inorganic nutrients. In systems without N additions, numbers of bacteria but not phytoplankton increased 2- to 2.5-fold in response to P fertilization (0 to 2.0 μmol of P per liter); this resulted in uncoupled production patterns. In systems supplemented with 10 μmol of NH4NO3 per liter, P addition resulted in up to threefold increases in bacteria and two- to fivefold increases in total phytoplankton biomass (close coupling). P limitation of pelagic bacteria occurred independently of phytoplankton dynamics, and regressions between bacterial abundance and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were nonsignificant in all systems without added N. We describe a useful and simple coupling index which predicts that shifts in phytoplankton and bacterioplankton growth will be unrelated (Δ bacteria/Δ phytoplankton → either + ∞ or - ∞) in systems with inorganic N/P (molar) ratios of 40), the coupling index will approach 1.0 and close coupling between bacteria and phytoplankton is predicted to occur.
Improving backtrack search for solving the TCSP

In this paper, we address the task of finding the minimal network of a Temporal Constraint Satisfaction Problem (TCSP). We report the integration of three approaches to improve the performance of the exponential-time backtrack search (BT-TCSP) proposed by Dechter et al. [6] for this purpose. The first approach consists of using a new efficient algorithm (ΔSTP) [21] for solving the Simple Temporal Problem (STP), an operation that must be executed at each node expansion during BT-TCSP. The second approach improves BT-TCSP itself by exploiting the topology of the temporal network. This is accomplished in three ways: finding and exploiting articulation points (AP), checking the graph for new cycles (NewCyc), and using a new heuristic for edge ordering (EdgeOrd). The third approach is a filtering algorithm, ΔAC, which is used as a preprocessing step to BT-TCSP, and which significantly reduces the size of the TCSP [22]. In addition to introducing two new techniques, NewCyc and EdgeOrd, this paper discusses an extensive evaluation of the merits of the above three approaches. Our experiments on randomly generated problems demonstrate significant improvements in the number of nodes visited, constraint checks, and CPU time.
Omnimetrie im Wirtschaftsalltag

Eine kurze Einfuhrung in die Welt des Messens. Uber Omnimetrie, das Allesmessen, die die Grundlage des Menschcomputers bildet. Es ist mehr ein Bericht uber das, was technisch geht. Das was nicht sein sollte, wird spater nach einem Kapitel mit psychologischen Erwagungen vorgestellt. Noch spater das, was wir uns wunschen konnten: unsere Zukunft.
Feasibility and efficacy of diabetic retinopathy screening among youth with diabetes in a pediatric endocrinology clinic: a cross-sectional study.

Background: We examined the feasibility and efficacy of using a non-mydriatic camera to screen for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes seen in a pediatric endocrinology clinic serving Alabama, the state that has the highest diabetes rate in the United States. Methods: 236 youths with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were screened for DR using a non-mydriatic camera. Visual acuity was also assessed. A questionnaire asked parents about diabetes and eye care history. Results: Mean duration since diabetes diagnosis was 5.5 years. 66 % reported receiving an eye examination within the previous year. 97.5 % had images that were gradable. DR was detected in 3.8 % of participants. 9.1 % were visually impaired. Conclusions: Use of a non-mydriatic fundus camera is feasible and efficacious for DR screening in youth with diabetes. DR screening at routine endocrinology visits may be beneficial in managing youth with diabetes and preventing irreversible vision loss, particularly for those in regions where diabetes rates are high.
Village Economies: The Design, Estimation, and Use of Villagewide Economic Models

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Modeling village economies 3. The village economy and tenure security in West Africa: a Sengalese village SAM Elise H. Golan 4. Production and distribution in a dry-land village economy Shankar Subramanian 5. Migration and the changing structure of a Mexican village economy 6. Economic linkages in a small regional economy: the case of Kutus Region, Kenya Blane D. Lewis and Erik Thorbecke 7. Household nutrition and economic linkages: a village social accounting matrix for West Java, Indonesia Katherine Ralston 8. The village CGE: basic model and estimation 9. Policy simulations 10. Conclusions Bibliography Index.
Spring onset variations and trends in the continental United States: past and regional assessment using temperature‐based indices

Phenological data are simple yet sensitive indicators of climate change impacts on ecosystems, but observations have not been made routinely or extensively enough to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns across most continents, including North America. As an alternative, many studies use weather-based algorithms to simulate specific phenological responses. Spring Indices (SI) are a set of complex phenological models that have been successfully applied to evaluate variations and trends in the onset of spring across the Northern Hemisphere's temperate regions. To date, SI models have been limited by only producing output in locations where both the plants' chilling and warmth requirements are met. Here, we develop an extended form of the SI (abbreviated SI-x) that expands their application into the subtropics by ignoring chilling requirements while still retaining the utility and accuracy of the original SI (now abbreviated SI-o). The validity of the new indices is tested, and regional SI anomalies are explored across the data-rich continental United States. SI-x variations from 1900 to 2010 show an abrupt and sustained delay in spring onset of about 4–8 d (around 1958) in parts of the Southeast and southern Great Plains, and a comparable advance of 4–8 d (around 1984) in parts of the northern Great Plains and the West. Atmospheric circulation anomalies, linked to large-scale modes of variability, exert modest but significant roles in the timing of spring onset across the United States on interannual and longer timescales. The SI-x are promising metrics for tracking spring onset variations and trends in mid-latitudes, relating them to relevant ecological, hydrological, and socioeconomic phenomena, and exploring connections between atmospheric drivers and seasonal timing.
Dealing with linear dependence during the iterations of the restarted block Lanczos methods

The Lanczos method can be generalized to block form to compute multiple eigenvalues without the need of any deflation techniques. The block Lanczos method reduces a general sparse symmetric matrix to a block tridiagonal matrix via a Gram–Schmidt process. During the iterations of the block Lanczos method an off-diagonal block of the block tridiagonal matrix may become singular, implying that the new set of Lanczos vectors are linearly dependent on the previously generated vectors. Unlike the single vector Lanczos method, this occurrence of linearly dependent vectors may not imply an invariant subspace has been computed. This difficulty of a singular off-diagonal block is easily overcome in non-restarted block Lanczos methods, see [12,30]. The same schemes applied in non-restarted block Lanczos methods can also be applied in restarted block Lanczos methods. This allows the largest possible subspace to be built before restarting. However, in some cases a modification of the restart vectors is required or a singular block will continue to reoccur. In this paper we examine the different schemes mentioned in [12,30] for overcoming a singular block for the restarted block Lanczos methods, namely the restarted method reported in [12] and the Implicitly Restarted Block Lanczos (IRBL) method developed by Baglama et al. [3]. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the different strategies discussed.
CoMine: efficient mining of correlated patterns

Association rule mining often generates a huge number of rules, but a majority of them either are redundant or do not reflect the true correlation relationship among data objects. We re-examine this problem and show that two interesting measures, all-confidence (denoted as /spl alpha/) and coherence (denoted as /spl gamma/), both disclose genuine correlation relationships and can be computed efficiently. Moreover, we propose two interesting algorithms, CoMine(/spl alpha/) and CoMine(/spl gamma/), based on extensions of a pattern-growth methodology. Our performance study shows that the CoMine algorithms have high performance in comparison with their Apriori-based counterpart algorithms.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Sports-Related Concussion: Pediatric Challenges

Many factors are important regarding the neural integration of psychological assessment into the overall picture of concussion management. A whole team of experts are required to manage concussions properly, including neuropsychological testing and at times brain imaging. First, I will share my perspective on neuropsychological assessment and how it fits into the overall paradigm of how we manage concussions. Secondly, I will present a little history on that subject. Lastly, a case will be presented that is relatable to many real life concussion cases. My primary focus in this chapter will be pediatric concussion which is the most puzzling issue of concussive injury.
The Effects of Constraints in a Mathematics Classroom

The dictionary definition of constraint is one-sided, solely restrictive. The problem-solving definition is twosided. Constraints come in pairs. One retains its restrictive function, precluding something specific; the other directs search for its substitute. The paired constraint model is applied to both domain and classroom. I discuss the effects of curricular, variability, testing, cognitive, and talent constraints; demonstrate how paired constraints can be used to create a new curriculum; and close with suggestions for using constraints effectively and creatively in the classroom.
A case for statically executable advice: checking the law of demeter with AspectJ

We define a generic join point model for checking the Law of Demeter (LoD). Join points are trees, pointcuts are predicates over join points, and advice is checked statically similar to how declare warning is checked in AspectJ. We illustrate how the joint point form is mapped to the object and class forms of LoD, and provide an implementation in AspectJ that approximates LoD's class form by dynamically checking a particular execution using only the join points' static part. The paper proposes two ways to extend AspectJ to provide access to lexical join points directly. The first proposes statically executable advice and pointcut designators over lexical join points. The second proposes statically executable meta-advice over the exposed abstract syntax tree of the program and using Demeter style traversals to mirror AspectJ pointcuts.
Information research retrieval made easy: IEEE announces a new computer-based service designed to get you only the information you need ¿ quickly and inexpensively

IEEE announces a new computer-based service designed to get you only the information you need-quickly and inexpensively.
Impact of lipid abnormalities in development and progression of transplant coronary disease: a serial intravascular ultrasound study.

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the role of conventional atherosclerosis risk factors in the development and progression of transplant coronary artery disease (CAD) using serial intravascular ultrasound imaging. BACKGROUND Transplant artery disease is a combination of allograft vasculopathy and donor atherosclerosis. The clinical determinants for each of these disease processes are not well characterized. Intravascular ultrasound imaging is the most sensitive tool to serially study these processes. METHODS Baseline intravascular ultrasound imaging was performed 0.9 ± 0.5 months after transplantation to identify donor atherosclerosis. Follow-up imaging was performed at 1.0 ± 0.07 year to evaluate progression of donor atherosclerosis and development of transplant vasculopathy. Conventional risk factors for CAD included recipient age, gender, smoking history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS Donor-transmitted atherosclerosis was present in 36 patients (39%). At follow-up, progression of donor lesions was seen in 15 patients (42%) and 42 patients (45%) developed transplant vasculopathy, leaving 35 patients (38%) without any disease. There was no difference in any conventional risk factors in patients with and without allograft vasculopathy. However, the severity of allograft vasculopathy was associated with a larger increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from baseline (p = 0.02). High one-year post-transplant serum triglyceride level and pretransplant body mass index were the only significant predictors (p = 0.03) for progression of donor atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Conventional atherosclerosis risk factors do not predict development of allograft vasculopathy, but greater change in serum LDL cholesterol level during the first year after transplant is associated with more severe vasculopathy. Therefore, maintenance of LDL cholesterol as close to pretransplant values as possible may help to limit the rate of progression of acquired allograft vasculopathy.
In vivo detection of circulating gas emboli associated with decompression sickness using the Doppler flowmeter.

THE ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter1 has been used to measure blood flow in several animal species2,3 and man4,5 by monitoring the frequency shift produced in the scattering of ultrasonic waves by moving blood cells. The extreme sensitivity of this instrument to air bubbles in the circulating fluid is a familiar nuisance encountered during in vitro testing and calibration procedures. We have exploited this characteristic for the in vivo detection of circulating gas emboli in an animal decompressed rapidly from a hyperbaric environment.
Genetic Control in Lakeward Migrations of Cutthroat Trout Fry

Abstract Cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in Yellowstone Lake spawn in the inlets or in the outlet, Yellowstone River. Fry from natal gravels in inlets move downstream to the lake rearing area while most fry from the outlet move upstream to the lake. We examined the roles of temperature, water source, and innate control in directing migrations of fry. We collected fertilized eggs from cutthroat in an inlet and the outlet of Yellowstone Lake, and incubated them under identical environmental conditions at Jackson, Wyoming. Our test facility on the shore of Yellowstone Lake consisted of three simulated stream sections 14.6 m long, 0.3 m wide, and 6.3 cm deep with a trap at each end. We controlled water temperature with a heater and coolers, and could test fish in pumped lake or stream water. We introduced fry at dusk at the mid-point of the stream sections, and counted fish which moved upstream or downstream within 12 hours. We kept environment and handling procedures identical during the tests for lots of inl...
Giovanni Papini: Nietzsche, Secular Religion, and Catholic Fascism

The article considers the religious politics of Giovanni Papini, an Italian, avant-garde intellectual of the early twentieth century whose spectacular conversion to Catholicism after World War I ultimately produced a distinct and little studied form of Catholic fascism that was anti-clerical rather than clerical. It argues that his early Nietzschean commitment to creating a secular religion for Italy was not contradicted by his Catholic turn but in some ways actually advanced by it since his idiosyncratic Catholic faith functioned more like a secular than a traditional religion. In Papini's vision, Jesus was an overturner of values much like Nietzsche, and his religious ideal involved a synthesis of Jesus with Dionysianism. In the 1920s, however, the vision remained abstract because Papini had no clear politics. The picture changes in the 1930s when he adopts the Catholic fascism that he hopes will advance a new Latin–Catholic civilization. Yet, even then, Papini's religious views, although Catholic, enta...
Eimeria lancasterensis and Eimeria ontarioensis from Fox Squirrels, Sciurus niger, in Southeastern Nebraska, U.S.A.

Abstract Eimeria lancasterensis Joseph, 1969, and Eimeria ontarioensis Lee and Dorney, 1971, are reported for the first time from the feces of fox squirrels, Sciurus niger, in southeastern Nebraska. Eimeria lancasterensis was found in 30 of 31 (97%) of the fox squirrels, and E. ontarioensis was found as a coinfection in 2 of 31 (6%). Oocyst measurements and structural features were similar to those reported previously from S. niger and the eastern grey squirrel, S. carolinensis.
Ab Initio Calculations of Carbonyl Adsorption Complexes at Zeolitic Brönsted Sites Simulated by Model Clusters: Role of Modeling

Three different model clusters simulating the acid site in zeolites are employed to explore the stability of the hydrogen bonded adsorption complex and silyl−ether addition compounds on adsorption of the carbonyls formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone at the Bronsted acid site. Ab initio calculations are performed at the Hartree−Fock level and post-Hartree−Fock. Optimization along a reaction coordinate in the case of these carbonyls exhibits a competition between two stable structures, hydrogen bonded and addition complexes. The relative stabilities of these two complexes are shown to be very much dependent on the nature of the cluster model. Effects of basis set superposition error and correlation are also discussed.
Organic and inorganic constituents of salt tolerant taro (Colocasia esculenta var Antiquorum) tissues cultured in saline media

Abstract Salinity tolerant taro tissues were selected and cultured in vitro on saline media (50–350 mOsm). Salt tolerance in these tissues was associated with increased levels of calcium oxalate, chlorophyll, protein and some secondary alkaloids. The concentration of other secondary alkaloids as well as the levels of quaternary alkaloids decreased. Calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium content of the tissues decreased with increased salinity. These findings are discussed in relation to salinity tolerance in taro.
MT1-MMP shedding involves an ADAM and is independent of its localization in lipid rafts.

The membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a membrane-anchored protease that its entire ectodomain is shed from the cell surface. Here we show that in HT1080 cells MT1-MMP is shed as two soluble forms of ∼52 and ∼50 kDa. Analyses in purified HT1080 plasma membranes show that release of these species is a two-step time-dependent process that is mediated by integral membrane metalloprotease(s). Differential sensitivity to TIMP-3 inhibition of the shedding process suggests that the second cleavage step leading to the formation of the 50-kDa soluble species is mediated by an ADAM. We also show that shedding of MT1-MMP is independent of its partition into lipid rafts because both wild type and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored MT1-MMP are shed. These studies provide new insights into the process of MT1-MMP ectodomain shedding, which may regulate pericellular proteolysis.
Clinical and genetic analysis of progressive dystonia with diurnal variation.

• We examined 17 patients with progressive dystonia with diurnal variation, a dominantly inherited, generalized dystonia that begins in childhood. Dystonia was typically least severe in the morning, increased as the day continued, and markedly improved with low doses of carbidopa-levodopa. We also studied the patient's parents, children, and siblings from seven families. We observed a spectrum of neurologic involvement, phenotypic variability among siblings, and incomplete genetic penetrance. Progression of motor impairment over several years, which reaches a plateau during late adolescence, is useful in distinguishing progressive dystonia with diurnal variation from cerebral palsy and degenerative disorders. It is important to recognize the subtle, as well the extreme, manifestations of progressive dystonia with diurnal variation because it is treatable. Genetic counseling must consider that mildly affected parents with little or no disability may have profoundly affected children. Appreciation of the phenotypic variability and degree of genetic penetrance will permit detailed genetic and biochemical analyses.
A simulation package for the plato educational computer system

Abstract A simulation package has been developed for the PLATO educational computer system which allows the user to apply numerical and graphical solution techniques to small-scale problems. Current state-of-the-art numerical algorithms are used with the interactive graphic capabilities of a PLATO terminal to provide efficient problem solution in less than a minute of terminal time. Convenient entry, execution, modification, and output options are combined with on-line input error detection and extensive error messages. Although primarily intended for educational purposes, industrial users will also find this package very efficient for solving small-scale problems.
Measurement error reduction using weighted average method for repeated measurements from heterogeneous instruments

Considering a situation in which observations are made by several instruments over time, researchers are interested in estimating the true quantity at a particular time point. Assuming observations made by different instruments at the same time point have the same time-dependent mean but different variances, one approach is to estimate the true quantity or the time-dependent mean by simply averaging the observations at a time point. However, since the variability of each instrument may be very different, the unweighted average can be improved by a weighted average with weights estimated from the longitudinal measurements produced by those instruments. Such a weighted average estimator is studied in this article. It is shown to be unbiased for the true quantity. Its variance is asymptotically smaller than that of any observation and also achieves the minimum variance among all the weighted estimates with known weights. The proposed method is illustrated by a real data example. The method is not restricted to the time-dependent situation. The general setting where this method can be applied is described at the end of the article. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stem/Progenitor cell sources of insulin-producing cells for the treatment of diabetes.

Patients with diabetes experience decreased insulin secretion that is linked to a significant reduction in the number of islet cells. Reversal of diabetes can be achieved through islet transplantation, but the scarcity of donor islets severely hinders wide application of this therapeutic modality. Toward that end, embryonic stem cells, adult tissue-residing progenitor cells, and regenerating native β-cells may serve as sources of islet cell surrogates. Insulin-producing cells generated from stem or progenitor cells display subsets of native β-cell attributes, indicating the need for further development of methods for differentiation to completely functional β-cells. Pharmacological approaches aiming at stimulating the in vivo/ex vivo regeneration of β-cells have also been proposed as a way of augmenting islet cell mass. We review the current state of the generation of insulin-producing cells from different sources with emphasis on embryonic stem cells and adult progenitor cells. Challenges for the clinica...
The effects of extending the CS-UCS interval on the effectiveness of the conditioning treatment for nocturnal enuresis

Abstract Previous studies of the “conditioning method” of enuresis treatment have confounded the effects of conditioning with those of nonspecific psychotherapeutic aspects of the procedure. The present study compared three groups of enuretic children: (1) under the conventional bell-light conditioning procedure; (2) under a similar procedure, but which involved a three-minute delay between wetting and alarm, and (3) under no-treatment conditions. Double-blind precautions were used. Results suggested that conditioning effects improvement over and above that effected by nonspecific influences. The findings are qualified by large variances in improvement, and by premature termination of the experiment.
Blend membranes consisting of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and 1H -perimidine tethered polysulfone for direct methanol fuel cells

Blend membranes consisting of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK, an acidic polymer) and various amounts of 1H-perimidine tethered polysulfone (a basic polymer) have been prepared and characterized. The blend membranes show increased proton conductivity and decreased ion-exchange capacity and liquid uptake in water and methanol/water solutions com- pared to plain SPEEK. The blend membranes also exhibit better electrochemical performance and lower methanol crossover in direct methanol fuel cells compared to plain SPEEK and Nafion 115 membranes due to an enhancement in proton conductivity through acid―base interactions and an insertion of the 1H-perimidine groups into the ionic clusters of SPEEK.
A Role for Noradrenergic Transmission in the Actions of Phencyclidine and the Antipsychotic and Antistress Effects of mGlu2/3 Receptor Agonists

Evidence suggests that glutamatergic neuronal transmission is involved in psychiatric and neurological disorders and that drugs that target glutamate systems may serve as novel therapeutics in humans. For example, agonists for group II mGlu receptors (mGlu2 and mGlu3) have been shown to be anxiolytic in certain animal models and have shown promise in early human trials. mGlu2/3 receptor agonists also block the neurochemical and behavioral actions of psychotogens, such as phencyclidine and amphetamine in rodents, suggesting that they may be useful to treat psychosis in humans. Recently, we have used in vivo microdialysis and behavioral methods to further explore the potential antipsychotic and antistress actions of mGlu2/3 receptor agonists in rats. In subjects undergoing brain microdialysis of the nucleus accumbens shell, we have shown that LY379268 (3 mg/kg s.c.) (a systemically active mGlu2/3 receptor agonist) blocks PCP-induced locomotor activations for approximately 3 hours. In these animals, PCP-induced dopamine release was reduced, but only in a transient fashion (15-75 min). PCP-induced norepinephrine release was also reduced, but unlike dopamine, in a manner that was temporally correlated with the reduction of PCP-induced behaviors. In separate experiments in rats not undergoing microdialysis, the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist, clonidine, was shown to block PCP behaviors, and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine was shown to exacerbate PCP-induced ambulations. In the latter study, LY379268 pretreatment effectively reversed the PCP behaviors in both control and reboxetine-treated animals. These data support a role for noradrenergic neurotransmission in the actions of drugs such as phencyclidine and suggest that stress pathways associated with these drugs can be normalized by mGlu2/3 receptor activation.
Changes in smoking associated with an acute health event: theoretical and practical implications.

Background: Experiencing a serious adverse behavior-related consequence may motivate behavior change.Purpose: To examine how a sentinel health event is associated with changes in smoking.Methods: We used a prospective cohort design. Adult emergency department (ED) patients provided demographic data, a smoking history, ratings of quit intentions, and endorsement of self-identified smoking-related health problems. A chart review collected data on acuity, ED disposition, and medical diagnoses. Smoking was reassessed 1 month postvisit. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to predict (a) intention to quit, (b) any quit attempt of 24 hr or more, and (3) 7-day abstinence.Results: Of 717 smokers enrolled, 189 (26%) intended to quit within the next month. Of the 253 participants reached 1 month postvisit, 126 (50%) reported they had attempted to quit, with 44 (19%) reporting 7-day abstinence. After controlling for other predictors, several event-related variables, such as having a smoking-related ED visit and being admitted to the hospital, were strong predictors of outcomes.Conclusion: Compared to community-based estimates, many more smokers in our sample attempted to quit and achieved 7-day abstinence. This was especially true among smokers who attributed their ED visit to a smoking-related health problem and who were admitted to the hospital. We discuss the implications for tobacco intervention design in medical settings.
Patients and their obstetricians.

• During the past two decades, there has been an increasing appreciation by physicians in all branches of medicine that patients should be treated as a whole and not just as organ systems. This total approach is at least theoretically accepted by most doctors although in actual practice many avoid dealing with emotional aspects of their patients. In the field of obstetrics, the patient usually presents with a clearcut clinical entity, i.e., pregnancy, with definite procedures to be followed. Therefore, it is easy to develop a rather stereotyped approach and thereby lose sight of the individuality of the patient. Every woman who comes to an obstetrician brings her own personality pattern and set of values. Also, since pregnancy is such a major milestone in a woman's life, she naturally experiences a degree of emotional upheaval and readjushnents will be necessary. Her anxieties, conflicts, aspirations and ideals will be accentuated during this phase. Since the reproductive process is such a basic part of her concept of herself as a woman, she often bestows upon her obstetrician a more special and intimate role than she assigns to physicians from whom she seeks assistance for physical disease. Probably no physician, with the exception of a psychiatrist, plays such an important part in a woman's psychological life and well being. However, the obstetrician may not effectively utilize this advantageous position to the ultimate benefit of the patient. The doctor who is able to recognize and respond to the personality needs of his patients will not only promote their emotional well being, but he will in turn benefit by having more cooperative, secure and satisfied patients. It is one of the aims of this paper to describe the various types of patient pe.rsonalities as they present to an obstetrician
Root growth, nutrient uptake and yield of soybean cultivars grown in the field

Abstract Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars differ in their root morphology and their nutrient uptake capabilities. The relation between root growth, P and K uptake, and grain yield was investigated using eight cultivars grown in the field on Raub (Aquic Argiudoll) silt loam which received 49 kg P/ha and 93 kg K/ha. Hobbit (maturity group III, determinate) was among the highest in grain yield, P and K uptakes, and root system length. However, this cultivar was intermediate in its relative efficiency to utilize P and K to produce grain yield; among the most efficient cultivars were Asgrow 3127 (maturity group II) and Williams‐79 (maturity group III). The hay cultivar, Wilson‐6, was the least efficient. It was concluded that even though grain yield was correlated with nutrient uptake, selection for higher yields was not necessarily a selection for higher efficiency in utilization of fertilizer for grain production.
Paradigms and Paradoxes: Resonance Stabilization in Diazophenoxides (Quinone Diazides)

Diazophenoxides (quinone diazides) constitute an interesting class of compounds that are seemingly high-energy species on the nonaromatic/aromatic interface. With appropriate substitution and/or annelation, they have found use in the fields of explosives, medicine, and photolithography. Thermochemical information about them is sparse. To aid further understanding of these important chemical species, the current paper discusses a few extant enthalpies of formation from which we tentatively derive a resonance energy of ca. 15 kJ-mol−1 for the parent, p-species, 4-diazo-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one. Interestingly, this value is nearly identical to that recently found for the likewise conjugated diazo compound, ethyl diazoacetate.
Thermal Destruction of Immunoglobulin A, Lactoferrin, Thiamin and Folic Acid in Human Milk

Kinetic parameters for thermal destruction of immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin, thiamin and folic acid in human milk were determined. Degradation proceeded following first order reaction kinetics. The times for 90% degradation (D value) at 60°C were, in seconds, 4.9 × 104 (68°C C 78°C) for IgA; 2.4 × 103 (58°C 70°C) for lactoferrin; 7.7 × 105 (95°C C 110°C) for thiamin and 1.9 × 104 (62°C C 78°C) for folic acid based on inactivation data at four constant temperatures between the range indicated. Z values (temperature change to alter degradation rate by a factor of 10) were 5.5°C, 4.7°C, 28.4°C, and 6.4°C for IgA, lactoferrin, thiamin and folic acid, respectively.
Effect of lidamidine‐HCl on Escherichia coli heat‐stable enterotoxin‐induced jejunal water and electrolyte secretion in neonatal piglets

Merritt, A.M., Berkhoff, H., Haskell, M. & Wilson, J. Effect of lidamidine-HCl on Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-induced jejunal water and electrolyte secretion in neonatal piglets. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 8, 150–156. Neonatal piglets were anesthetized, and two jejunal loops, 20 cm in length, were prepared. Then, either water or 0.12, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0mg/kg of lidamidine-HCl was injected intraduodenally on a randomized basis, one treatment per pig. Following this, a crude heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) preparation produced from E. coli no. 1261 was injected into the proximal jejunal loop, and trypticase soy broth (TSB) (with osmolality adjusted to equal the enterotoxin preparation) was injected into the distal jejunal loop. Piglets remained anesthetized for 3 h and were then killed. Fluid was collected from the loops for measurement of volume and Na, K and CI concentration. Empty loop lengths were measured. There was a significant dose-related reduction of volume and CI content, and a dose-related, but not significant, reduction in Na content in ST-treated loops. A comparison of the mean differences in responses between toxin-and TSB-treated loops indicated that the major ‘counter-toxic’ effect of the lidamidine was a dose-related increase in water and electrolyte absorption. A. M. Merritt, Department of Medical Sciences, College of Veterinaiy Medicine, University of Florida, Box J-126, Gainesville, FL 32610, U.S.A.
Gastrointestinal Carriage of Toxigenic Bacteria: Relation to Diarrhea and to Serum Immune Response

We followed up a cohort of babies from birth to two years by examination of fecal samples for heat-labile enterotoxigenic (LT+) bacteria and administration of a questionnaire about any episodes of diarrhea each week. We sampled serum at birth, every six months, at the beginning of an episode of diarrhea, and two weeks later. We tested sera for antibody to cholera toxin. We identified LT+ bacteria in 16% of fecal samples, LT+ Escherichia coli in 11%. Thirty-four episodes of diarrhea occurred within a week of isolation of LT+ bacteria. Bacterial species and weeks of exposure to LT+ bacteria correlated with diarrhea. Fourfold rises in antibody titer followed 53% of diarrhea episodes caused by LT+ bacteria. Whether a baby had an immune response was not related to his age, duration of diarrhea, cord serum antibody, previous asymptomatic carriage of LT+ bacteria, or breast-feeding. Second episodes did not boost antibody levels. Rises in antibody titers followed diarrhea without the presence of toxin but did not follow asymptomatic carriage of LT+ bacteria.
Localized Darier's disease in a Blaschkoid distribution : Two cases of phenotypic mosaicism and a review of mosaic Darier's disease

Darier's disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis. Characteristic skin and nail changes consist of bilateral crusted red-brown papules and plaques in a seborrheic distribution, and V-shaped nicking or longitudinal ridging of the nails. In limited cases, a segmental distribution of this disease may be present in which localized lesions, found along the lines of Blaschko, are otherwise indistinguishable from those of generalized Darier's disease. Genomic mosaicism in localized lesions of Darier's disease is a new concept that was recently demonstrated in individuals of mosaic phenotypes. Both type 1 and type 2 mosaic phenotypes have been reported. We report two cases of type 1 localized Darier's disease in a Blaschkoid distribution and review the genetic implications of phenotypic mosaicism within the field of Darier's disease.
An Integral Model for Natural Convection From an Isothermal Right Circular Cone

An integral technique approximate model is developed in the current research to predict the convective heat transfer from a right circular cone. Much research has been done regarding stationary circular cones, but all of this prior research was achieved utilizing numerical techniques. As will be shown, the integral model predicts with almost the same precision as the former research. The advantage of the integral technique is its simplicity, culminating in a closed-form solution where the influence of individual system parameters and variables is directly observable. In addition, boundary layer thickness appreas explicitly in the analysis, which again tends to yield more insight at the expense of some accuracy.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Friendship and Conformity in Group Opinions: Juror Verdict Change in Mock Juries

Social psychological research on group processes has consistently shown that group members adjust their views to conform to dominant and/or socially desirable stances. Studies are less clear, though, on how friendships within groups impact this tendency. Some studies suggest greater group cohesion leads to more conformity; other studies suggest friendship lessens the pressure to agree on certain issues. In this study, we use mock juries to test the impact of varying levels of friendship on jurors’ propensities to change their verdicts to the dominant position (in this case acquittal, or a “not guilty” verdict). Our findings show that distant friendships among jurors increase the odds of conforming to acquittal; but close friendships decrease the odds of conformity. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding group processes and conformity as well as for jury research.
Simultaneous measurement of δ2H, δ17O, and δ18O in H2O using a commercial cavity ringdown spectrometer.

Abstract We demonstrate that a commercial instrument that provides measurements of 18O/16O and D/H ratios in water samples can be modified to also provide measurements of 17O/16O. This additional capability and associated precision allows for the discernment between conventional mass-dependent processes, such as isotope exchange and evaporation and mass-independent processes that arise from non-equilibrium chemical and photochemical processes. We demonstrate this resolution by performing a series of experiments including evaporation and reservoir-mixing with 17O enriched water samples followed by evaporation. The ability to simultaneously measure 16O, 17O, and 18O abundances in water samples using the procedures described here should help to facilitate multi-isotopic studies of water (and other compounds) in astrochemical, geochemical, and biological studies.
Response of Composite Shells Containing a Delamination

The objective of the study was to evaluate the mechanical response of composite shells containing a delamination. An analytical model was developed which consists of a structural analysis for calculating the global deformations of the structures and a fracture mechanics analysis for determining the delamination growth in the structures. In order to accurately predict the response of the delaminated shells during loading, a contact-slip condition along the delamination interface was introduced in the model through a Lagrangian multiplier technique. Based on the model, a nonlinear finite element code was developed. Numerical solutions were generated to evaluate the effect of delamination on cylindrical composite shells. From the calculations, it can be concluded that delamination significantly influences the response of composite shells. Such an effect strongly depends upon the initial length and location of the delamination, the laminate ply orientation and its curvature.
Effects of a late-phase exercise program after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Trudelle-Jackson E, Smith SS. Effects of a late-phase exercise program after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1056-62. Objective To investigate the effects of a late-phase exercise program for patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) 4 to 12 months earlier. Design A single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Setting Exercises were performed in subjects' homes. Exercise instruction and measurements taken before and after the trial were performed in an outpatient research and treatment center. Participants Convenience sample of 34 adults 4 to 12 months post-THA randomly allocated to experimental or control groups. Twenty-eight subjects completed the study. Intervention An 8-week, hip-exercise intervention, during which the control group received basic isometric and active range of motion exercises; the experimental group received strength and postural stability exercises. Main outcome measures Score on the 12-Item Hip Questionnaire; fear of falling; hip flexor, extensor, abductor, and knee extensor muscle torque; and postural stability in single stance. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in all measures of self-perceived function, muscle strength (hip flexors, 24.4%; hip extensors, 47.8%; hip abductors, 41.2%; knee extensors, 23.4%), and postural stability (36.8%) in the experimental group and no significant change in the control group. Neither group had statistically significant changes in fear of falling measures. Conclusions An exercise program emphasizing weight bearing and postural stability significantly improved muscle strength, postural stability, and self-perceived function in patients 4 to 12 months after THA.
Single site spectra of Zn porphin in triphenylene

Abstract Single site spectra of Zn porphin in triphenylene have been recorded at low temperature. There were three principal site species, each of which had slightly different fluorescence and absorption spectra. Because the spectra of each site were separately recorded, the confusion which resulted from the spectra of multiple site species in previous studies was eliminated. Vibrational assignments in the ground and excited electronic states were made, and relative intensities of the spectral lines recorded. The general pattern of intensity of the spectra was in qualitative agreement with the theory of vibronic borrowing in the cyclic polyene model.
POLYPHENISM IN SPADEFOOT TOAD TADPOLES AS A LOCALLY ADJUSTED EVOLUTIONARILY STABLE STRATEGY

I examined the evolutionary factors maintaining two environmentally induced morphs in ponds of variable duration. Larvae of New Mexico spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus multiplicatus) often occur in the same pond as a large, rapidly developing carnivorous morph and as a smaller, more slowly developing omnivorous morph. Previous studies revealed that carnivores can be induced by feeding tadpoles live fairy shrimp and that morph determination is reversible. Field and laboratory experiments indicated that the ability of an individual to become a carnivore or an omnivore is maintained evolutionarily as a response to variability in pond longevity and food abundance. Carnivores survived better in highly ephemeral artificial ponds, because they developed faster. Omnivores survived better in longer-duration artificial ponds, because their larger fat reserves enhanced postmetamorphic survival. The two morphs also occupy different trophic niches. Experimental manipulations of morph frequency in ponds of intermediate duration revealed that increased competition for food among individuals of the more common morph made the rarer form more successful. Morph frequency within each pond was stabilized at an equilibrium by frequency-dependent morph reversal, which reflected frequency-dependent natural selection on size at metamorphosis: larger metamorphs had higher survival, and individuals reared at a frequency above the pond's equilibrium frequency were smaller at metamorphosis than were individuals of that morph reared at a frequency below the pond's equilibrium. Because neighboring ponds often differed in pond longevity and food abundance, each pond possessed a unique equilibrium morph frequency. This implies that morph determination in Scaphiopus is a locally adjusted evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS).
RAB7 and TSG101 are Required for the Constitutive Recycling of Unliganded EGFRs via Distinct Mechanisms

Both constitutive and ligand-mediated membrane trafficking regulate Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling. The constitutive endocytosis and recycling of the unliganded EGFR is a critical determinant of cell surface EGFR expression and the cell’s sensitivity to ligands. We report that two proteins with established roles in trafficking the EGF:EGFR complex to the lysosome also regulate the recycling of the unliganded EGFR. Knock down of either Tumor suppressor gene 101 (TSG101) or RAB7 causes the endosomal accumulation of the inactive, unliganded receptor in morphologically and biochemically distinct organelles. Knock down of TSG101 causes the EGFR to accumulate in low density endosomes whereas RAB7 knock down results in EGFR accumulation in high density endosomes. Knock down of either protein caused the receptor to co-localize primarily with LAMP-1, but not EEA1. These two proteins regulate EGFR slow, perinuclear recycling, via distinct mechanism and are new molecular targets that regulate cell surface EGFR expression.
Genome Relationships of Neolinetia Hu and Some Allied Genera of Orchidaceae

Meiotic chromosome behavior in four intergeneric hybrids of Neofinetia falcata Hu was investigated. N. falcata×Vanda lamellata Ldl., N. falcata×Ascocentrum miniatum Schltr., and N. falcata×Ascocentrum ampullaceum Schltr. showed 19-17 bivalent chromosomes with means of about 18.6 at metaphase I, indicating a strong homology of the parental genomes, whereas N. falcata×Aerides jarckianum Schltr. exhibited 10-2 bivalents with a mean of 6.1, indicating a relatively poor homology of the parental genomes. On the basis of chromosomal affinity, Neofinetia is very closely related to Ascocentrum and strap-leaved Vanda and more distantly related to Aerides.