cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remarkable waxing, waning, and wandering of populations of Mimulus guttatus: An unexpected example of global warming

The purpose of this study was to observe the dynamics of a meta-population of Mimulus guttatus. Changes in size and location of 16 original populations and the new populations established in their vicinities in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake county, Utah, were observed for 25 yr. Twenty-three new populations appeared. Seven original populations and 13 new populations had become extinct by the end of the observation period in 1996. Many populations died out and were reestablished, often repeatedly, during the observation period. Altogether there were 54 population disappearances and 34 reappearances. Many populations changed size as much as 100-fold or more from year to year. There were spectacular examples of populations expanding to fill newly available, large habitats. Frequent extinctions were due overwhelmingly to the canyon drying trend, which led to the drying up of most Mill D North drainage springs, creeks, and ponds. Precipitation and minimum temperatures increased moderately during the observation period. The growing season lengthened almost 50%, a typical consequence of global warming. The drying trend, lengthened growing season, and disappearance of Mimulus populations in Big Cottonwood Canyon appear to be a clear, local example of global warming.
A Preliminary Study of Biomonitoring for Bisphenol-A in Human Sweat

Measurement of human exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA) is hampered by the ubiquitous but transient exposure for most individuals, coupled with a short metabolic half-life which leads to high inter- and intra-individual variability. We investigated the possibility of measuring multiday exposure to BPA in human sweat among volunteer participants with the goal of identifying an exposure assessment method less affected by temporal variability. We recruited 50 participants to wear a sweat collection patch (PharmChek(®)) for 7 days with concurrent collection of daily first-morning urine. Urines and sweat patch extracts were analyzed with quantitative LC-MS-MS using a method we previously validated. In addition, a human volunteer consumed one can of commercially available soup (16 oz, 473 cm(3)) daily for 3 days and collected urine. Sweat patches (n = 2, 1 per arm) were worn for the 3 days of the study. BPA was detected in quality control specimens prepared by fortification of BPA to sweat patches, but was only detected at 5× above average background on three participant patches. Although the highest measured urine BPA concentration was 195 ng/mL for an individual with deliberate exposure, no BPA was detected above background in the corresponding sweat patches. In this preliminary investigation, the use of sweat patches primarily worn on the upper-outer arm did not detect BPA exposures that were documented by urine monitoring. The absence of BPA in sweat patches may be due to several factors, including insufficient quantity of specimen per patch, or extremely low concentrations of BPA in naturally occurring sweat, among others.
A numerical study of hovering wings undergoing revolving or translating motions

This paper presents simulations of revolving and translating wings undergoing reciprocating motions that are representative of hovering flight. A high-fidelity, implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) approach is utilized to examine the vortex structure and unsteady loading generated on each wing to compare and contrast the mechanisms of lift production. For each stroke of the motion, the revolving wing produces a coherent and attached vortex system across the leading edge that remains in close proximity to the surface until the wing decelerates and flips at the end of the stroke. As the vortex collides with the wing, it breaks up rapidly before becoming entrained by the newly forming vortex loop on the reversed side. The back stroke produces effectively the same structure as the wing passes through its previously shed wake. The flow structure each stroke closely resembles that of a simple, unidirectionally revolving wing indicating that the wake capture effect is minimal. Alternatively, a translating hovering wing undergoing a rectilinear motion produces a leading edge vortex that develops into an arch-type vortex by lifting off at the wing mid-span and unpinning from the front edge of the wing to form legs that are anchored on the surface. The translating wing also generates about 32% less cycle-averaged lift as the revolving wing as the mechanism of lift is inherently different in the two cases. During rotation, the lift is attributed to the close proximity of the spanwise-oriented leading edge section of the vortex loop above the surface that creates persistent suction throughout the stroke. The majority of the lift on the translating wing, on the other hand, is due to the counter-rotating feet of the arch-type vortex that are anchored on the surface and produce diminishing suction through the stroke as the arch vortex weakens.
The Assimilation of Afro—Americans

(1969). The Assimilation of Afro—Americans. The Black Scholar: Vol. 1, Black Politics, pp. 36-46.
A new look at lymphomas.

Lymphoproliferative disorders make up 3.4 percent of all malignant diseases. Physicians are traditionally pessimistic about these diseases, but many patients with early lesions can be cured. In some centers 73 to 90 percent of patients with stage I or II-A disease who have received aggressive radiotherapy have been disease-free for five years.
The characteristics of comradeship in combat troops and the correlation between comradeship and coping style,social support

Objective To understand the present situation and characteristics of comradeship in combat troops and investigate the correlation between comradeship and coping style,social support.Methods The 1435 soldiers from combat troop were enrolled in this study and received investigation by one self-assessment question,coping style scale and social support scale.The data was analyzed by Chi square test,rank-sum test and logistic regression analysis.Results Among the answers 70.9% in this study to self-assessment question about comradeship were "good",20.6% were "common" and only 0.4% were "bad".The level of position,educational levels,family composition,age,length of military service,mothers' profession job occupation,and comradeship self-assessment had all significant difference in subjects(P0.0001).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that problem-solving capability,appeal ability,self-accusation and social support had more effect on regression effect than other factors(P0.05).Conclusion The self-assessment of comradeship in combat troops is good.Problemsolving capability,appeal ability,and social support are negative prediction on bad self-accusation of comradeship.Self-accusation is positive prediction on bad self-accusation of comradeship.
Analyzed of PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs in fish sample

Objective:To investigate PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs levels in retail fish sample.Methods: The total 16 kinds of fish were collected in the market,PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs were also individually analyzed and quantitatively with Soxhlet extraction,acidic silica gel treatment,cleanup through silica gel and alumina column and determination through HRGC/HRMS.Results: Of all fish analyzed,the total toxic equivalents(WHO-TEQ) of PCDDs/PCDFs ranged from 0.024 pgWHO-TEQ /g·ww～0.31 pgWHO-TEQ /g·ww,the total toxic equivalents(WHO-TEQ) of PCBs ranged from 0.04 pgWHO-TEQ/g·ww～1.50 pgWHO-TEQ /g·ww,the total concentrations of Co-PCBs and marker PCBs ranged from 92.57 pg/g·ww ～10893.60 pg/g·ww,the total concentrations of PBDEs ranged from 50.38 pg/g·ww ～1622.86pg/g·ww.Conclusion: Congener consentrations of PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs in fish sample have good correlation,the contamination of PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs in fish samples have the same pollution routes.Levels of PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs in fish are low,and more concern should be given to the pollution of PCDD/Fs,PCBs and PBDEs in foods due to environmental pollution.
Advance of Research for MEOR in Oil Reservoir after Polymer Flooding

After polymer flooding,much oil remained in permeable zone.The polymers leaved in oil reservoir would be harmful of succeeding flooding.It had been proven that the bacteria decomposing polymers for flooding as exclusive nutrition exist in oil reservoir applying polymers,produced liquid and soil of oil field with polymer.So,the polymers remaining in oil reservoir could be removed with degrading ability of microbe,and the recovery of oil reservoir with polymer flooding would advance with general technology of microbial enhance oil recovery.The indoor and field experiments had been effective,but they were limited obviously.The problems mostly would been settled by more theory studies,so the MEOR after polymer flooding would advance rapid still.
An Overview on the U.S. Science and Technology(S&T) and Research and Development(R&D) Policies

This paper reviews the evolution of U.S.ST and RD policies ever since the founding of the nation and conceptualizes the decision-making model of the U.S. government in ST and RD policies,primarily looking at the interactions among the legislative unit(Congress),the administrative unit and those advisory bodies associated to them.The paper finds that the U.S.government's role in stimulating ST progress by using ST and RD policy differs significantly in history.It is the particular national interest determined in a specific historical context that drives the formation of the ST and RD policy and eventually mobilizes its implementation and institutionalization.
Proximal muscle weakness and pulmonary hilar prominence in a smoker.

(1995). Proximal Muscle Weakness and Pulmonary Hilar Prominence in a Smoker. Hospital Practice: Vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 30L-30Q.
Classic Papers in Natural Resource Economics: An Overview

Natural resource economics has been the subject of serious academic inquiry for the past seven decades. Although it is difficult to trace its intellectual antecedents precisely, it is probably fair to say that it dates back to the early 1930s. The year 1931 has a special significance in the annals of natural resource economics; it was in that year that Harold Hotelling published his path-breaking paper on the economics of exhaustible resources in the Journal of Political Economy (Chapter 11 in this book), an event that has left a lasting imprint on the direction and development of the body of knowledge that is known today as the discipline of natural resource economics.
Synthesis of Fluorescent-NTA and its Application to the Labeling of Photo-Controlled Kinesin Eg5

All members of the kinesin superfamily contain a structurally conserved loop L5 near the ATP-binding site. The length and the amino acids composition of L5 vary among the kinesin superfamily members. It is believed that L5 may be related to the enzymatic and motor function of kinesin. Interestingly, L5 of Eg5 is uniquely longer than that of other kinesins. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this loop undergoes conformational changes that are related to the nucleotide binding and neck linker docking. Previously we attempted to control Eg5 function photo-reversibly by incorporating photochromic molecules into the L5. We prepared Eg5 mutants, E116C, E118C, T125C, W127C, D130C, which have a single cysteine residue in L5 in order to incorporate photochromic molecules specifically. The Eg5 mutants modified with azobenzene and spiropyran derivatives showed photo-reversible alteration of microtubules dependent ATPase activities.In this study, we synthesized a novel thiol reactive photochromic molecule, monoiodoacetyl-flugide (IAFG). Fulgimide performs photo-reversible isomerization between non-polar opened-ring form and polar closed-ring form upon visible light and ultraviolet light, respectively. IAFG was incorporated into Eg5 mutant W127C stoichiometrically. Although the modified Eg5 mutant W127C-IAFG showed slightly decreased ATPase activity, the ATPase activity showed photo-reversible alteration upon UV and visible light irradiations. We utilized fluorescent probe bound NTA-Ni to label the His-tagged Eg5 modified with photochromic molecules. According to the methods of Soh et al., Dansyl-NTA and other fluorescent-NTA were synthesized and conjugated with Ni2+. The Dansyl-NTA-Ni2+ bound to His tagged Eg5. Using the fluorescent NTA-Ni2+, interaction of photo-regulated Eg5 with microtubules was monitored.
Municipal solid waste to liquid transportation fuels, olefins, and aromatics: Process synthesis and deterministic global optimization

Abstract This paper proposes a comprehensive process superstructure-based approach toward the sustainable production of liquid transportation fuels, olefins, and aromatics from municipal solid waste, MSW. A deterministic global optimization based branch-and-bound algorithm is utilized to solve the resulting nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear optimization model. Several novel, commercial, and competing technologies are modeled within the proposed framework. The production of higher-value hydrocarbons proceeds through a synthesis gas intermediate that can be subsequently converted via Fischer–Tropsch refining or methanol synthesis. Simultaneous heat, power, and water integration is included in every process design to minimize utility costs. For every proposed process design, two profitability metrics, the overall profit and the net present value, are calculated. The optimal process topologies that produce liquid fuels and high-value chemicals at the highest profit are illustrated for several case studies. The effects of refinery scale and composition of products produced on the overall profit and the selected process topology are investigated. The effect that the tipping fee of MSW has on the overall profitability of the process is investigated parametrically for several values. Complete material, energy, carbon, and greenhouse gas balances are additionally provided for each case study investigated. The results suggest that production of liquid fuels, olefins, and aromatics is profitable at the highest scales (i.e., 5 thousand barrels per day of liquid fuels and 500 metric tons per day of chemicals) investigated with superior environmental performance compared to petroleum-based processes.
Some equivalents of the Erd0´is sum of reciprocals conjecture

The Erdos sum of reciprocals conjecture is the statement that whenever A is a set of positive integers and ∑∈ A 1/ x = ∞, A contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. It is shown here that this conjecture is equivalent to each of several other statements. Some of these other statements are combinatorial in nature while others are topological-algebraic statements.
Paralog-Specific Patterns of Structural Disorder and Phosphorylation in the Vertebrate SH3–SH2–Tyrosine Kinase Protein Family

One of the largest multigene families in Metazoa are the tyrosine kinases (TKs). These are important multifunctional proteins that have evolved as dynamic switches that perform tyrosine phosphorylation and other noncatalytic activities regulated by various allosteric mechanisms. TKs interact with each other and with other molecules, ultimately activating and inhibiting different signaling pathways. TKs are implicated in cancer and almost 30 FDA-approved TK inhibitors are available. However, specific binding is a challenge when targeting an active site that has been conserved in multiple protein paralogs for millions of years. A cassette domain (CD) containing SH3-SH2-Tyrosine Kinase domains reoccurs in vertebrate nonreceptor TKs. Although part of the CD function is shared between TKs, it also presents TK specific features. Here, the evolutionary dynamics of sequence, structure, and phosphorylation across the CD in 17 TK paralogs have been investigated in a large-scale study. We establish that TKs often have ortholog-specific structural disorder and phosphorylation patterns, while secondary structure elements, as expected, are highly conserved. Further, domain-specific differences are at play. Notably, we found the catalytic domain to fluctuate more in certain secondary structure elements than the regulatory domains. By elucidating how different properties evolve after gene duplications and which properties are specifically conserved within orthologs, the mechanistic understanding of protein evolution is enriched and regions supposedly critical for functional divergence across paralogs are highlighted.
Position statements from panelists: Smart cities-delusions of grandeur

This document contains position statements from the panel chair and the different panelists on the panel “Smart cities: Delusions of grandeur” held on January 07, 2017 during the 9th International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), held in Bangalore, India.
Uterine adenocarcinoma in Quarter Horse mare

Summary Uterine adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a 16-year-old Quarter Horse mare that presented for fever, stranguria, anorexia and a history of weight loss. A mass at the level of the cervix and uterine body was identified by transrectal palpation. Biopsy of the cervix revealed an antemortem diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed multiple areas of consolidation in the lung, and comet tail artefact along the entire pleural surface. Post-mortem examination confirmed the endometrial adenocarcinoma with metastasis to urinary bladder, ureters, lungs, tracheobronchial lymph nodes and bone marrow.
Modern architectures for intelligent systems: reusable ontologies and problem-solving methods.

Abstract When interest in intelligent systems for clinical medicine soared in the 1970s, workers in medical informatics became particularly attracted to rule-based systems. Although many successful rule-based applications were constructed, development and maintenance of large rule bases remained quite problematic. In the 1980s, an entire industry dedicated to the marketing of tools for creating rule-based systems rose and fell, as workers in medical informatics began to appreciate deeply why knowledge acquisition and maintenance for such systems are difficult problems. During this time period, investigators began to explore alternative programming abstractions that could be used to develop intelligent systems. The notions of "generic tasks" and of reusable problem-solving methods became extremely influential. By the 1990s, academic centers were experimenting with architectures for intelligent systems based on two classes of reusable components: (1) domain-independent problem-solving methods-standard algorithms for automating stereotypical tasks--and (2) domain ontologies that captured the essential concepts (and relationships among those concepts) in particular application areas. This paper will highlight how intelligent systems for diverse tasks can be efficiently automated using these kinds of building blocks. The creation of domain ontologies and problem-solving methods is the fundamental end product of basic research in medical informatics. Consequently, these concepts need more attention by our scientific community.
Prediction of male infertility by the World Health Organization laboratory manual for assessment of semen analysis: A systematic review.

Objective To discuss the role, reliability and limitations of the semen analysis in the evaluation of fertility with reference to the World Health Organization (WHO) fifth edition guidelines, with ...
The Incidence of Complications Is Low Following Foot and Ankle Surgery for Which Peripheral Nerve Blocks Are Used for Postoperative Pain Management

BackgroundThe incidence of neurologic complications from foot and ankle surgery utilizing regional anesthesia is not well established.Questions/PurposesThe purpose of this study was to prospectivel...
Home rule and natural gas development in New York: civil fracking rights

This paper explores the way community understanding of the impact and infrastructure associated with hydraulic fracturing (fracking) has translated into social action within the social, political, and ecological context of rural New York State, USA. How have residents confronted the boom-bust development of fracking, in the face of both actual drilling and the construction of supporting energy infrastructure? What avenues are open to residents as they plan for the long term sustainability of townships? Finally, on the level of both energy and rural development: if not gas, then what? This paper uses both actual and virtual interviews and oral histories to provide a case study of a struggle for environmental justice amidst conflicting visions and experiences of rural life in one New York region. Key words: fracking, home rule, New York, social movements , Zapatistas
Training community-based treatment providers to implement contingency management for opioid addiction: Time to and frequency of adoption.

Abstract Contingency management (CM) is a well-established treatment for opioid use, yet its adoption remains low in community clinics. This manuscript presents a secondary analysis of a study comparing a comprehensive implementation strategy (Science to Service Laboratory; SSL) to didactic training-as-usual (TAU) as a means of implementing CM across a multi-site opioid use disorder program. Hypotheses predicted that providers who received the SSL implementation strategy would 1) adopt CM faster and 2) deliver CM more frequently than TAU providers. In addition, we examined whether the effect of implementation strategy varied as a function of a set of theory-driven moderators, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: perceived intervention characteristics, perceived organizational climate, and provider characteristics (i.e., race/ethnicity, gender). Sixty providers (39 SSL, 21 TAU) across 15 clinics (7 SSL, 8 TAU) completed a comprehensive set of measures at baseline and reported biweekly on CM use for 52 weeks. All participants received didactic CM training; SSL clinics received 9 months of enhanced training, including access to an external coach, an in-house innovation champion, and a collaborative learning community. Discrete-time survival analysis found that SSL providers more quickly adopted CM; provider characteristics (i.e., race/ethnicity) emerged as the sole moderator of time to adoption. Negative binomial regression revealed that SSL providers also delivered CM more frequently than TAU providers. Frequency of CM adoption was moderated by provider (i.e., gender and race/ethnicity) and intervention characteristics (i.e., compatibility). Implications for implementation strategies for community-based training are discussed.
The Challenges and Rewards of Digital Archives: The New Holst Online Catalogue at the Britten-Pears Library

Funded by a National Cataloguing Grant, the new Holst Online Catalogue, prepared by the Britten-Pears Library, follows on the success of earlier digital projects like the online Britten Thematic ca...
Comparison of somatic mutation profiles from cell free DNA (cfDNA) versus tissue in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).

4533Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA is an emerging non-invasive strategy to define tumor mutation profiles that counters spatial and temporal limitations of sequencing single ...
A dual regulatory circuit consisting of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase protein and its reaction product controls expression of the paralogous activator prozyme in Trypanosoma brucei

Polyamines are essential for cell growth of eukaryotes including the etiologic agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Trypanosoma brucei. In trypanosomatids, a key enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (TbAdoMetDC) heterodimerizes with a unique catalytically-dead paralog called prozyme to form the active enzyme complex. In higher eukaryotes, polyamine metabolism is subject to tight feedback regulation by spermidine-dependent mechanisms that are absent in trypanosomatids. Instead, in T. brucei an alternative regulatory strategy based on TbAdoMetDC prozyme has evolved. We previously demonstrated that prozyme protein levels increase in response to loss of TbAdoMetDC activity. Herein, we show that prozyme levels are under translational control by monitoring incorporation of deuterated leucine into nascent prozyme protein. We furthermore identify pathway factors that regulate prozyme mRNA translation. We find evidence for a regulatory feedback mechanism in which TbAdoMetDC protein and decarboxylated AdoMet (dcAdoMet) act as suppressors of prozyme translation. In TbAdoMetDC null cells expressing the human AdoMetDC enzyme, prozyme levels are constitutively upregulated. Wild-type prozyme levels are restored by complementation with either TbAdoMetDC or an active site mutant, suggesting that TbAdoMetDC possesses an enzyme activity-independent function that inhibits prozyme translation. Depletion of dcAdoMet pools by three independent strategies: inhibition/knockdown of TbAdoMetDC, knockdown of AdoMet synthase, or methionine starvation, each cause prozyme upregulation, providing independent evidence that dcAdoMet functions as a metabolic signal for regulation of the polyamine pathway in T. brucei. These findings highlight a potential regulatory paradigm employing enzymes and pseudoenzymes that may have broad implications in biology.
Disruption, Protection, and Resilience

A number of location covering models have been developed to address problems of security and safety. Bell et al. (2011) applies the LSCP to identify aircraft alert sites to respond to security threats to the U.S. border and other key assets. Bao et al. (2015) dealt with the problem of locating watchtower locations for forest fire detection and monitoring. Zhang and Du (2012) describe an approach to locate a set of radars, and assign power levels to each of them so that all crucial points along a river are monitored, or covered, while minimizing the total power being used. Other interesting examples can be found in Agnetis et al. (2009), Bar-Noy et al. (2013), and Pan (2010). Addressed is the location of a set of facilities that can guard, protect or respond in an emergency, developed under the assumption that system components are always available and ready to act. In addition, it is almost always assumed that the network infrastructure will always be usable and that services such as emergency response can be made using the best routes on an unimpeded network. That is, the system always works and there are no disruptions to service.
Estimation of Scattering and Attenuation of a Random Distribution of Metallic Wires Using Radiative Transfer

This paper presents a formulation for electromagnetic waves propagating through a lossy random medium. A model for such a random medium is proposed. Our medium is modeled as free space containing a volume fraction of perfectly conducting electrical wires of various geometries. The conductors are assumed to be distributed uniformly and randomly throughout the medium, and are assumed to be roughly the size of a wavelength of the propagating wave. Propagation of this wave through the medium is modeled using radiative transfer. The phase and Stokes matrices are calculated using the Method of Moments, and these are used to compute the extinction matrix of the medium for various geometries of the conductors and for various volume fractions. The mathematical formulation of vector radiative transfer, also, the statistical behavior o the extinction matrices are given for this medium.
Cellular-level bone resorption in chronic renal failure and primary hyperparathyroidism. A tetracycline-based evaluation.

The mean depth of bone eroded in unit time at resorption centers was measured in tetracycline-labeled bone biopsies of 16 adult patients on periodic renal dialysis, of one adolescent boy with renal rickets and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and of two adult women with proven primary hyperparathyroidism. This index of cellular-level resorption was subnormal on haversian bone surfaces in all groups, and it was subnormal on cortical-endosteal bone surfaces in the dialysis group; there was insufficient material to evaluate the index on this latter surface in the other two groups. The results suggest that individual osteoclasts resorb bone more slowly than normal in naturally occurring human hyperparathyroid states of long standing.
Astrometric requirements for strong lensing time-delay cosmography

The time delay between the arrival of photons of multiple images of time variable sources can be used to constrain absolute distances in the Universe (Refsdal 1964), and in turn obtain a direct estimate of the Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters. To convert the time delay into distances, it is well known that the gravitational potential of the main deflector and the contribution of the matter along the line-of-sight need to be known to a sufficient level of precision. In this paper, we discuss a new astrometric requirement that is becoming important as time-delay cosmography improves in precision and accuracy with larger samples, and better data and modelling techniques. We derive an analytic expression for the propagation of astrometric uncertainties on the multiple image positions into the inference of the Hubble constant and derive requirements depending on image separation and relative time delay. We note that this requirement applies equally to the image position measurements and to the accuracy of the model in reproducing them. To illustrate the requirement, we discuss some example lensing configurations and highlight that, especially for time delays of order 10 days or shorter, the relative astrometric requirement is of order milli-arcseconds, setting a tight requirement on both measurements and models. With current optical infrared technology, astrometric uncertainties may be the dominant limitation for strong lensing cosmography in the small image-separation regime when high-precision time-delays become accessible.
Defining how Pak1 regulates cell polarity and cell division in fission yeast

ABSTRACT Protein kinases direct polarized growth by regulating the cytoskeleton in time and space, and could play similar roles in cell division. We found that the Cdc42-activated polarity kinase Pak1 colocalizes with the assembling cytokinetic ring and remains at the division site during septation. Mutations in pak1 led to defects in cytokinetic ring assembly and cell separation. Through a phosphoproteomic screen, we identified novel Pak1 targets that function in polarized growth, cytokinesis, and septation. For cytokinesis, we found that Pak1 regulates the localization of its substrates Mid1 and Cdc15 to the cytokinetic ring. For cell separation, Pak1 phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein Sts5 to prevent its assembly into granules. These results show that Pak1 acts directly on components of the cytokinetic ring, and unexpectedly promotes the later stages of cell division by inhibiting the assembly of ribonucleoprotein granules. More broadly, our work reveals that cell polarity signaling proteins coordinate diverse events to promote cell division at the end of the cell cycle. SUMMARY Magliozzi et al. show that fission yeast Pak1 regulates multiple events during cell division. Through a phosphoproteomic screen and subsequent mutant analysis, their work uncovers direct targets and mechanisms for Pak1 activity during cell growth and division.
Definition and Diagnosis

Intellectual disability (ID) occurs in 1% of the population and is characterized by significant, lifelong intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits. Further, medical and psychiatric concerns as well as challenging behaviors frequently co-occur with ID. Individuals with ID may vary widely in their degree of impairment across these core and associated symptoms, making individualized, comprehensive evaluation key in establishing an appropriate conceptualization of impairment. Quality assessment and the development of a complete case conceptualization are also imperative in informing service provision. As such, the current chapter briefly reviews the historical context of ID, explains the current definition of ID, and addresses strategies for effective diagnosis of ID across the lifespan.
Prescription of CRRT: a pathway to optimize therapy.

Severe acute kidney injury (AKI), especially when caused or accompanied by sepsis, is associated with prolonged hospitalization, progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), financial burden, and high mortality rate. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a predominant form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to its accurate volume control, steady acid–base and electrolyte correction, and achievement of hemodynamic stability. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of CRRT prescription in critically ill patients with severe AKI, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in ICU. These include the choice of CRRT versus Intermittent and extended hemodialysis (HD), life of the filter/dialyzer including assessment of filtration fraction, anticoagulation including regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA), prescribed versus delivered CRRT dose, vascular access management, timing of initiation and termination of CRRT, and prescription in AKI/sepsis including adsorptive methods of removing endotoxins and cytokines.
Joint spatio-temporal analysis of multiple response types using the hierarchical generalized transformation model with application to coronavirus disease 2019 and social distancing

Social distancing can be described as an effort to maintain a physical distance between individuals and has become a necessary public health measure to combat cornoavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Social distancing is known to weaken incidences and deaths due to COVID-19, however, there are detrimental economic and psychological effects. This motivates us to analyze incidences (and deaths) of COVID-19 along with a measure of the health of the US economy (i.e., the adjusted closing price of the Dow Jones Industrial), and a measure of the public interest in COVID-19 through Google Trends data. The model we implement is developed to be easily adapted to a data scientist's preferred method for continuous data, which is done to aid future analyses of this important dataset. This dataset consists of multiple response types (e.g., continuous-valued, count-valued, binomial counts). Thus, we introduce a reasonable easy-to-implement all-purpose method that "converts" a statistical model for continuous responses (the preferred model) into a Bayesian model for multi-response data sets. To do this, we transform the data such that the continuous-valued transformed data can be reasonably modeled using the preferred model and the transformation itself is treated as unknown. The implementation of our approach involves two steps. The first step produces posterior replicates of the transformed data using a latent conjugate multivariate (LCM) model. The second step involves generating values from the posterior distribution implied by the preferred model. We refer to our model as the hierarchical generalized transformation (HGT) model. In a simulation, we demonstrate the flexibility of the HGT model by incorporating two different preferred models: Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) and the spatial mixed effects (spatio-temporal mixed effects) models.
Chronic intermittent ethanol and lipopolysaccharide exposure differentially alter Iba1-derived microglia morphology in the prelimbic cortex and nucleus accumbens core of male Long-Evans rats.

Accumulating evidence has linked pathological changes associated with chronic alcohol exposure to neuroimmune signaling mediated by microglia. Prior characterization of the microglial structure-function relationship demonstrates that alterations in activity states occur concomitantly with reorganization of cellular architecture. Accordingly, gaining a better understanding of microglial morphological changes associated with ethanol exposure will provide valuable insight into how neuroimmune signaling may contribute to ethanol-induced reshaping of neuronal function. Here we have used Iba1-staining combined with high-resolution confocal imaging and 3D reconstruction to examine microglial structure in the prelimbic (PL) cortex and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in male Long-Evans rats. Rats were either sacrificed at peak withdrawal following 15 days of exposure to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) or 24 hr after two consecutive injections of the immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), each separated by 24 hr. LPS exposure resulted in dramatic structural reorganization of microglia in the PL cortex, including increased soma volume, overall cellular volume, and branching complexity. In comparison, CIE exposure was associated with a subtle increase in somatic volume and differential effects on microglia processes, which were largely absent in the NAc. These data reveal that microglial activation following a neuroimmune challenge with LPS or exposure to chronic alcohol exhibits distinct morphometric profiles and brain region-dependent specificity.
Long-term results of shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty: Poor functional outcomes in rotator cuff deficient patients

Abstract Background: Shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty is a bone-conserving procedure used in the treatment of multiple painful shoulder conditions. Previous studies have reported mixed results with some indicating that rotator cuff arthropathy leads to inferior clinical outcomes when compared to other preoperative diagnoses. We compared the medium- to long-term subjective and functional outcomes of resurfacing hemiarthroplasty performed for rotator cuff arthropathy versus other indications. Methods: Patients who underwent shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty, with minimum two-year follow-up, were included for review. The primary outcome measure was the final postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, while secondary measures included final postoperative active forward elevation, revision arthroplasty, as well as the change in pre- and postoperative outcome scores and forward elevation. Results: Eighty-four shoulders in 77 patients were reviewed, including 39 shoulders with preoperative rotator cuff arthropathy. Mean follow-up time was 76.82 months (range 24 to 147 months). Improvements in subjective outcome scores and visual analog pain scores were observed with all preoperative diagnoses following surgery. There was no significant difference in final postoperative subjective scores when comparing patients with rotator cuff arthropathy and those with an intact rotator cuff (66.0 ± 22.8 vs. 74.2 ± 20.3, p = 0.09). Final postoperative active forward elevation was significantly worse in the rotator cuff arthropathy group compared to other diagnoses (119.1˚± 41.8˚ vs 136.9˚ ± 34.6˚, p = 0.040). Patients with rotator cuff arthropathy lost an average of 26.9˚ of forward elevation while those with an intact rotator cuff gained an average of 8.7˚ postoperatively (p = 0.001). Six shoulders from the rotator cuff arthropathy group were revised to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty compared to two from all other groups (15.4% vs 4.4%, p = 0.183). Conclusion: Shoulder resurfacing hemiarthroplasty is effective in relieving pain and improving subjective outcome scores across all diagnoses but does not reliably restore or maintain function in rotator cuff deficient patients. In fact, patients with rotator cuff arthropathy lost a significant amount of range of motion after resurfacing hemiarthroplasty. While patients predictably improve in terms of pain scores and subjective outcome scores, caution should be exercised in performing this procedure in patients with rotator cuff arthropathy, even those with preserved preoperative overhead active range of motion, due to potential loss of active range of motion after surgery. Level of evidence: Level III; Retrospective Comparative Study
Beliefs and Values About Gene Therapy and In-Utero Gene Editing in Patients with Hemophilia and Their Relatives

Hemophilia is an inherited disease for which current treatment is noncurative. While gene therapy and gene editing are being researched, we do not know how the hemophilia community perceives them. Herein, we explore the beliefs and values regarding these new therapies in patients with hemophilia and their relatives. This qualitative study used phone-based semi-structured interviews on 21 adult English-speaking patients with hemophilia A or B and their parents across the United States during March to July 2019. The study was advertised through different chapters of the Hemophilia Foundation. The interview guide included questions about participants’ prior experience with hemophilia, and included two case scenarios about the use of gene therapy and in utero gene editing, after which participants were asked about their opinions, beliefs, and values on each scenario. We used a grounded theory approach and identified the main themes using an inductive process. We interviewed 21 participants—12 patients and 9 mothers. Most of them had or were related to a patient with severe disease. The main themes discussed were related to efficacy, safety and financial concerns and insurance coverage for both gene therapy and in utero gene editing. Patients and their parents had expected outcomes in terms of durability of therapy and impact on emotional health and lifestyle changes in the long term. Gene therapy was more accepted among patients with severe and uncontrolled disease. In-utero gene editing was not completely accepted because of safety and ethical issues. Patients with severe hemophilia perceive gene therapy as a potential cure, while gene editing was more controversial. Patients still have questions that remain to be answered regarding safety and efficacy that should be assessed with long-term follow up studies.
Mauritian indentured labour and plantation household archaeology

This paper presents a case study of an African/Indian Ocean plantation located in Mauritius, focusing on the daily lives of indentured labourers during the nineteenth century. Bras d’Eau National P...
Ionized calcium and glucose changes in refrigerated heparinized blood samples from dairy cows

Proper sample handling is required in order to obtain reliable biochemical measurements. Handling recommendations, as well as suggested interval between sample collection and processing, are somehow conservative, and limit the on-farm use of these diagnostic tools. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes of ionized calcium (iCa) and glucose in refrigerated heparinized blood samples from dairy cows to provide more detailed handling recommendations that could facilitate their use in large animal veterinary practice and research.
Decoding gender in nature-based education: perceptions of environmental educators

In this qualitative study, we interviewed 20 environmental educators from six countries about their perceptions of gender in their work with children in nature. While many agreed that the physical ...
New Legal Realism goes to law school: Integrating social science and law through legal education

Legal Realism was both a stunning success and a dismal failure; while it pierced the veil of legal formalism, it failed in its attempt to integrate law and social science. New Legal Realism seeks to address the failings of Legal Realism, by directing greater attention to the challenges of incorporating social scientific insights into legal discourse. In this chapter, I argue that to accomplish the integration of social science and law, legal education must be reoriented to further the goals of New Legal Realism. In particular, I consider how the formal curriculum, hidden curriculum, and law school pedagogy might be reformed to provide skills, knowledge, and values that are consistent with New Legal Realism’s emphasis on empiricism, interdisciplinarity, and social contextualization. Using civil procedure as an example, I illustrate what a New Legal Realist approach to legal education might look like. Acknowledging the institutional and ideological barriers to this approach, I argue that the present moment offers a unique opportunity for New Legal Realism to succeed.
First and Second Order Barriers to Teaching in K-12 Online Learning.

While an extensive literature base has focused on online learning, fewer studies have explored the unique implementation challenges in K-12 education. This case study addresses this gap by exploring how an urban, diverse school migrated to a fully online format through the lens of the first- and second-order barriers framework. In terms of first-order barriers, the study highlights the importance of (a) time needed to design and adapt instructional materials, (b) accountability within an online format, and (c) administrator support in the communication process. For second-order barriers, teachers commented on how they perceived online learning to impact important teaching activities (e.g., accountability, timeliness of feedback) and the teacher-student dynamic. Finally, they commented on the challenge to support the socio-emotional component of students and parents in online learning, which is important for school culture and community.
The efficacy of pregabalin for treating pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To assess efficacy of pregabalin using pooled data on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN)-associated pain with type 1 (T1DM) or 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BACKGROUND: The US Food and Drug Administration has approved pregabalin for DPN-associated pain treatment. However, the efficacy of pregabalin has not been compared between T1DM and T2DM patients. DESIGN/METHODS: DPN-associated pain and sleep data (10 pooled trials) were evaluated in T1DM and T2DM. Change from baseline (CFB) pain and sleep disturbance were analyzed weekly through Week 12 using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM). Adverse events (AEs) were recorded. RESULTS: Enrolled patients (placebo; pregabalin, respectively) had T1DM (n=92; n=156) and T2DM (n=868; n=1632). Baseline characteristics (placebo & pregabalin, respectively) included: *age (median [range] years; T1DM: 51 [26-76] & 50 [20-78]; T2DM: 61 [26-86] & 60 [29-89]); *females (n [[percnt]]; T1DM: 39 [42.4] & 72 [46.2]; T2DM: 380 [43.8] & 700 [42.9]); *pain scores (mean±SD; T1DM: 6.5±1.6 & 6.2±1.4; T2DM: 6.4±1.5 & 6.5±1.5); *sleep scores (mean±SD; T1DM: 5.2±2.7 & 5.2±2.4; T2DM: 5.1±2.5 & 5.3±2.5). With respect to pain, mean [95[percnt] CI] CFB score differences (pregabalin minus placebo) were significant every treatment week for both diabetes types (at Week 12, T1DM: -0.91 [-1.52, -0.29], P=0.004; T2DM: -0.75 [-0.93, -0.57], P<0.0001). When sleep disturbance was assessed, CFB score differences showed consistent weekly improvements (mean [95[percnt] CI] at Week 12, T1DM: -0.62 [-1.21, -0.03], P=0.041; T2DM: -0.92 [-1.10, -0.75], P<0.0001). No treatment by diabetes type interactions were found in the pain or sleep analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Greater improvements in pain and sleep disturbance occurred with pregabalin (vs placebo), irrespective of diabetes type. Study Supported by: Pfizer Inc. Disclosure: Dr. Parsons has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. as an employee. Dr. Parsons hold stock and/or stock options in Pfizer Inc. Dr. Li has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. Dr. Li holds stock and/or stock options in Pfizer Inc. Dr. Emir has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer Inc. as an employee. Dr. Emir holds stock and/or stock options in Pfizer Inc.