cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Affect Management for HIV Risk Reduction for Youth in Alternative Schools.

Objective Adolescents in alternative schools for behavioral and emotional problems have an earlier sexual onset and higher rates of sexual risk than their peers. They also often have difficulty managing strong emotions, which can impair sexual decision making. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs for these adolescents may be most effective if skills for coping with strong emotions during sexual situations are included. Method This article reports the 6-month outcomes of a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing an HIV prevention intervention with affect management (AM) to a standard, skills-based HIV prevention intervention (SB), and a general health promotion intervention (HP). HP was similar to a general health class, and SB was based on previous effective HIV prevention programs used with community adolescents, whereas AM included affect management skills in addition to effective HIV prevention skills. Youth (N = 377) in two US cities were 13 to 19 years of age and attending alternative schools for behavioral and emotional problems. Results Multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for the baseline scores, age, and gender, found that adolescents in AM were significantly less likely to report being sexually active at follow-up (80% versus 91%, adjusted odds ratio = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.08−0.96) and more consistently using condoms than those in HP at follow-up (62%, versus 39%, adjusted odds ratio = 3.42, CI = 1.10−10.63). Conclusion Affect management techniques tested in this project, focused on sexual situations, are similar to those that are used in dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) and in clinical practice. These data suggest that these techniques might decrease risk behaviors and improve the health of adolescents with emotional/behavioral problems. Clinical trial registration information —Therapeutic Schools: Affect Management and HIV Prevention; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT00500487.
Google Vizier: A Service for Black-Box Optimization

Any sufficiently complex system acts as a black box when it becomes easier to experiment with than to understand. Hence, black-box optimization has become increasingly important as systems have become more complex. In this paper we describe Google Vizier, a Google-internal service for performing black-box optimization that has become the de facto parameter tuning engine at Google. Google Vizier is used to optimize many of our machine learning models and other systems, and also provides core capabilities to Google's Cloud Machine Learning HyperTune subsystem. We discuss our requirements, infrastructure design, underlying algorithms, and advanced features such as transfer learning and automated early stopping that the service provides.
Data-Adaptive Harmonic Decomposition and Stochastic Modeling of Arctic Sea Ice

We present and apply a novel method of describing and modeling complex multivariate datasets in the geosciences and elsewhere. Data-adaptive harmonic (DAH) decomposition identifies narrow-banded, spatio-temporal modes (DAHMs) whose frequencies are not necessarily integer multiples of each other. The evolution in time of the DAH coefficients (DAHCs) of these modes can be modeled using a set of coupled Stuart-Landau stochastic differential equations that capture the modes’ frequencies and amplitude modulation in time and space. This methodology is applied first to a challenging synthetic dataset and then to Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) data from the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). The 36-year (1979–2014) dataset is parsimoniously and accurately described by our DAHMs. Preliminary results indicate that simulations using our multilayer Stuart-Landau model (MSLM) of SICs are stable for much longer time intervals, beyond the end of the twenty-first century, and exhibit interdecadal variability consistent with past historical records. Preliminary results indicate that this MSLM is quite skillful in predicting September sea ice extent.
Formal security verification of concurrent firmware in SoCs using instruction-level abstraction for hardware

Formal security verification of firmware interacting with hardware in modern Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) is a critical research problem. This faces the following challenges: (1) design complexity and heterogeneity, (2) semantics gaps between software and hardware, (3) concurrency between firmware/hardware and between Intellectual Property Blocks (IPs), and (4) expensive bit-precise reasoning. In this paper, we present a co-verification methodology to address these challenges. We model hardware using the Instruction-Level Abstraction (ILA), capturing firmware-visible behavior at the architecture level. This enables integrating hardware behavior with firmware in each IP into a single thread. The co-verification with multiple firmware across IPs is formulated as a multi-threaded program verification problem, for which we leverage software verification techniques. We also propose an optimization using abstraction to prevent expensive bit-precise reasoning. The evaluation of our methodology on an industry SoC Secure Boot design demonstrates its applicability in SoC security verification.
A Str8 Subject in Mayor Milk’s Court: Queer Str8ness and World Making in an LGBTQ Anthology Project:

This critical autoethnography interrogates the nuances of queer str8 subjectivity and scholarly standpoints by tracing the narrative experiences of the author during a longitudinal queer archival p...
Incidence and Outcome of Vertebral Artery Dissection in Trauma Setting: Analysis from National Trauma Data Base (NTDB) (P01.029)

OBJECTIVE: We determined the prevalence and outcome of dissection of the vertebral artery in a trauma setting. BACKGROUND: Vertebral artery dissection(VAD) is an important cause of stroke in young adults. The natural history and epidemiological aspects of traumatic VAD are not fully understood. DESIGN/METHODS: All patients who were admitted with traumatic brain injury or head and neck injury were identified by ICD-9-CM codes from the National Trauma Data Bank(NTDB). NTDB represents one of the largest trauma databases and contains data from over 900 trauma centers across the United States. Presence of VAD was identified in these patients by using ICD-9-CM codes. Admission GCS, Injury Severity Score(ISS), in-hospital complications and treatment outcomes were compared between patients with VAD to patients without vascular dissection. RESULTS: A total of 84 VAD patients were identified which comprised 0.1% of all patients admitted with head and neck injury. The mean age for patients with VAD was significantly higher than patients without dissection[46 (95% CI: 41-50) versus 41.3 (95% CI: 41.2-41.4); p= 0.003]. The admission GCS score was significantly lower in patients with VAD with 31% of these patients presenting with GCS CONCLUSIONS: Although infrequent, vertebral artery dissection in head and neck trauma is associated with higher rates of in-hospital stroke and greater length of ICU and hospital stay. Considering the risks associated with anticoagulation in trauma setting, endovascular treatment may be an alternate option to reduce in-hospital complications in these patients. Disclosure: Dr. Jadhav has nothing to disclose. Dr. Majidi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rahman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adil has nothing to disclose. Dr. ATACH Investigators has nothing to disclose.
Kant’s View of Geometry: A Partial Defense

Kant’s view of geometry has been widely criticised and generally rejected by twentieth-century analytic philosophers. In this paper I shall try to examine what I believe has come to be the most widespread form of their criticism, and I shall suggest that it is inconclusive. Although I have no wish to accept Kant’s view of geometry in its entirety, I nevertheless shall try to suggest a partial defense of it. My argument will be that those of its theses which have been most vigorously condemned by analytic philosophers are less indefensible than they have usually supposed.
Advanced Boundary-Scan Testing

As 1149.1 is so new, the topic of advanced 1149.1 testing is also quite new. Some of the techniques that have been proposed are speculative and have yet to be widely implemented and thoroughly proven. Yet, the promise for new testing capabilities is strong and exciting, just in time for some really formidable testing challenges on the horizon.
Coding and complexity

Inspired by the algorithmic notion of complexity, Solomonoff (1964), Kolmogorov (1965), Chaitin (1966), as well as Akaike’s work, Akaike (1977), I some ten years ago proposed the shortest code length for the observed data as a criterion for model selection, Rissanen (1978), which in the subsequent papers, Rissanen (1983), (1984), (1986a), (1987), gradually evolved into stochastic complexity. The word “stochastic” was meant to suggest that the models, relative to which the coding ought to be done, were probabilistic rather than being defined by programs in a universal computer as in the algorithmic theory. Having presented the material to numerous audiences I frequently was asked the question to the effect that “why should we be interested in the code length as a measure of model’s performance if the models are not used for coding purposes”. Although this measure in itself has a strong intuitive appeal and its success can be supported both by applications and theoretical analysis, a deeper answer would clearly be desirable. It turns out that a search for such an answer, which is the main topic in this talk, will force us to look at the fundamental process of learning by statistical inference. This, incidentally, is quite different from the customary statistical thinking, in which one makes an arbitrary assumption about the data, namely, that they form a sample from some unknown distribution. This, then, will be estimated and the work is done. To quench any lingering doubts the estimation procedure may further be supported by an analysis of its optimality in the light of the assumed distribution. But because in current statistics there is no rational means to compare two distinct models, a critical step required for learning is lacking, and nothing beyond the initial guess is learned from the data.
Intestinal neuronal dysplasia

Intestinal neuronal dysplasia (IND) is a histologic entity that affects mainly the colon and is frequently associated with aganglionosis. Most publications related to IND have appeared in European journals. Descriptions of this entity have been unclear; both symptoms as well as treatments have been multiple, and results poorly described, which has provoked skepticism among many clinicians. An exhaustive literature review was conducted with the purpose of finding consistencies and inconsistencies that could affirm or deny the existence of this entity. Twenty-five publications qualified for this study, including 322 patients. No correlation was found between histologic findings and symptoms. The therapeutic efforts included medical treatment as well as “sphincter operations” and bowel resection. No correlation was found among the histologic abnormalities, symptoms, extent of the disease, and treatment employed. Results and follow-up were described in very few cases, and therefore, no conclusions can be drawn. Innervation disorders of the bowel deserve further investigation, but at present, this entity must be considered purely of investigative interest; clinical implications must wait for more strict and systematized descriptions.
Maize YABBY drooping leaf genes regulate floret development and floral meristem determinacy

Floret units in cereals produce grain, directly impacting yield. Here we report mutations in the maize CRABS CLAW (CRC) co-orthologs drooping leaf1 (drl1) and drl2 alter the development of ear and tassel florets. Pistillate florets of drl1 ears appear sterile and display ectopic unfused carpels that fail to enclose an expanded nucellus. Staminate florets of drl1 tassels have extra stamens and retain fertile anthers. Natural variation and transposon alleles of drl2 enhance drl1 floret phenotypes by reducing floral meristem (FM) determinacy. The drl paralogs are co-expressed in lateral floral organ primordia, but not within the FM. Together, the expression patterns and indeterminate mutant FMs suggest that the drl genes regulate FM activity and impose meristem determinacy by a non-cell autonomous signal. Genetic interaction analyses of drl mutants with maize floral mutants indicate that the drl genes are required throughout floret development, illustrating their importance for proper floret patterning in maize.
Meconium aspiration syndrome requiring ECMO in newborns with gastroschisis: incidence and surgical outcomes.

To evaluate the incidence of respiratory failure requiring ECMO in newborns with gastroschisis (GC), compare it to the incidence in the general population, review the surgical outcomes of newborns with GC requiring ECMO and compare them to newborns with GC not requiring ECMO. This is a retrospective review of all neonatal admissions for GC from December 2010 to September 2015. 110 newborns with GC were admitted to our NICU between 12/2010 and 9/2015; 36 were term. Four cases, all term, all prenatally diagnosed, all outborn, developed respiratory failure requiring ECMO secondary to meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). This 11% (4/36 term GC) represents a 300-fold increase in the incidence of MAS-associated respiratory failure requiring ECMO compared to the general population of term newborns (0.037%). Median time on ECMO was 12 (9–20) days. The time to achieve full enteral feedings in the GC/ECMO group was twice the time of the 106 newborns in the GC/non-ECMO group [median: 70 (48–77) vs. 35 (16–270) days, respectively]. Time to hospital discharge was three times longer in the GC/ECMO group compared to the GC/non-ECMO group (median: 42 [20–282] versus 125 [69–223] days, respectively). All patients survived. The incidence of respiratory failure requiring ECMO is remarkably higher in patients with GC than in the general population and much higher in the subgroup of term GC. While infrequent, the possibility of this event supports the concept that fetuses with GC benefit from being delivered at tertiary centers with immediate pediatric surgery and ECMO capabilities.
Coordinated protection of DC microgrids

DC power systems have been investigated for transmission and distribution systems due to the advantages such as improved efficiency, reliability, and simpler configuration, as well as increasing DC-based distributed generation, energy storage, and loads. Along with comparatively short operating history and insufficient guidelines and standards, one of the current challenges is system protection techniques to deal with the highly dynamic and nonzero crossing nature of DC power. In this chapter, various coordinated protection schemes and applications for DC power systems have been reviewed in conjunction with the analysis of DC fault currents dynamics and topological bus configurations.
"We have a volunteer coordinator who is unfortunately a volunteer": a qualitative assessment of animal shelters

Animal shelter and rescue facilities in the United States provide a vital service to over 6 million animals in dire need each year. Unfortunately, these facilities are running on limited resources and will need to adjust to accommodate the number of growing homeless animals in the coming years. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 individuals from different parts of the adoption process ranging from adopters to shelter administrators to gain insight into areas of improvement as well as to understand the current needs of these facilities. We found that volunteer and shelter management, awareness and communication of shelter needs, and fundraising and facilitating adoption were the prominent areas that need attention. From this, we discuss implications for design of future technological solutions that could address these needs.
Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs and Behaviors of Nurses Providing Cancer Pain Management: A Mixed-Methods Approach

Satisfactory pain management remains the single most important challenge to managing quality of life for patients with cancer (Dray, 2010). A seminal study by Cleeland et al. (1994) found that 42% of patients with cancer pain were not given adequate analgesic therapy. A systematic review confirmed that patients with cancer continued to report insufficient treatment of pain (Deandrea, Montanari, Moja, & Apolone, 2008). About 50% of patients receiving active treatment for cancer experience moderate to severe pain, as do 80%−90% of patients with advanced disease (van den Beuken-van Everdingen et al., 2007). Although evidence-based guidelines for clinical management of cancer-related pain are available from organizations such as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, American Pain Society, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and Oncology Nursing Society, nurses may continue to implement traditional pain management practices rather than basing their care on the best research evidence currently available. Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves clinical decision making based on current best research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences (Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Haynes, & Richardson, 1996). The Institute of Medicine (2009) has set a goal that, by 2020, 90% of clinical decisions made by healthcare professionals will be evidence-based. EBP, in the context of pain management, decreases resource use and patient length of stay and improves patient outcomes, including patient satisfaction, quality of life, and symptom distress (Chang, Hwang, & Kasimis, 2002; Green et al., 2010; Samuels, 2010). Although positive outcomes are associated with EBP, nurses are not consistent about adopting evidence-based pain management practices (Bell & Duffy, 2009; Herr et al., 2012; Idell, Grant, & Kirk, 2007; Samuels, 2010).
Living Donor Intestinal Transplantation

In the last two decades, intestinal transplantation completed the transformation from an experimental procedure to an accepted treatment option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure. This transformation was made possible by two main factors: standardization of surgical technique and refinement of immunosuppressive therapy.
A 79 GHz 13.5 dBm $\mathbf{P}_{\mathrm{sat}}$ at 150°C Transmitter with Compact Local Phase Shifter in 40 nm CMOS for Automotive Radar

This paper presents a 79 GHz transmitter with a saturation output power of more than 13.5 dBm at 150°C for automotive radar applications. It includes a phase shifter, a doubler, a variable gain amplifier, a power amplifier and a power detector. A compact fully differential reflection-type phase shifter has been developed at a local frequency band of 40 GHz. A power amplifier is operated with a low supply voltage of 0.9 V to avoid a reliability degradation due to hot carrier injection. The transmitter demonstrates the output power and a maximum phase shift of more than 360° at 150°C from 75 GHz to 82 GHz. A total current consumption is 770 mA at 150°C. The transmitter is implemented using 40 nm CMOS technology. The size is $500 \mu \mathrm{m}\times 800\mu \mathrm{m}$ .
Critical Illness and Geriatrics

Patients with critical illness or those who are older may have multiple medical co-morbidities that can complicate treatment algorithms. One must consider other diagnoses—liver dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and mental status among others—and medications the patient is taking in order to optimize a safe and effective treatment plan.
Identifying disincentives to ethics consultation requests among physicians, advance practice providers, and nurses: a quality improvement all staff survey at a tertiary academic medical center.

Background Ethics consult services are well established, but often remain underutilized. Our aim was to identify the barriers and perceptions of the Ethics consult service for physicians, advance practice providers (APPs), and nurses at our urban academic medical center which might contribute to underutilization. Methods This was a cross-sectional single-health system, anonymous written online survey, which was developed by the UCSD Health Clinical Ethics Committee and distributed by Survey Monkey. We compare responses between physicians, APPs, and nurses using standard parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. Satisfaction with ethics consult and likelihood of calling Ethics service again were assessed using a 0-100 scale using a 5-likert response structured (0 being "not helpful at all" to 100 being "extremely helpful") and results presented using box plots and interquartile ranges (IQR). Results From January to July 2019, approximately 3800 surveys were sent to all physicians, APPs and nurses with a return rate of 5.5-10%. Although the majority of respondents had encountered an ethical dilemma (85-92.1%) only approximately half had ever requested an Ethics consult. The primary reason for physicians never having requested a consult was that they never felt the need for help (41%). For APPs the primary reasons were not knowing an Ethics consult service was available (33.3%) or not knowing how to contact Ethics (27.8%). For nurses, it was not knowing how to contact the Ethics consult service (30.8%) or not feeling the need for help (26.2%). The median satisfaction score (IQR) for Ethics consult services rated on a 0-100 scale, from physicians was 76 (29), for AAPs 89 (49), and nurses 70 (40) (p = 0.62). The median (IQR) of likelihood of consulting Ethics in the future also on a 0-100 scale was 71 (47) for physicians, 69 (45) for APPs, and 61 (45) for nurses (p = 0.79). APP's and nurses were significantly more likely than physicians to believe that the team did not act on the Ethics consult's recommendations. Conclusions Based on the results presented, we were able to identify actionable steps to better engage healthcare providers-and in particular APPs and nurses-and scale up institutional educational efforts to increase awareness of the role of the Ethics consult service at our institution. Actionable steps included implementing a system of ongoing feedback that is critical for the sustainability of the Ethics service role. We hope this project can serve as a blueprint for other hospital-based Ethics consult services to improve the quality of their programs.
Identification of model ship dynamics

The paper contains identification results of linear, nonlinear and neural models of ship dynamics. Simple SISO and MIMO models were evaluated in their traditional and neural versions. The identification algorithms were effected off-line.The MATLAB numerical software was employed to execute the identification computations. Results of the research completed by using the VLCC tanker model are presented.
Characterizing Autonomy Supportiveness in Diabetes Peer Health Coaches

BackgroundPrior studies have shown that peer health coaching improves outcomes among adults with chronic conditions such as diabetes. These studies have also suggested that higher ratings of their peer coach’s autonomy supportiveness, i.e., the degree to which a coach supports participant choice, is associated with improved outcomes. The types of actual behaviors and interactions that participants in these coaching relationships perceive as being more or less autonomy supportive are important to define. This investigation aims to more concretely characterize the ways in which participants perceive autonomy support and how important these perceptions are to their satisfaction with their peer coaches.MethodsThis article is a qualitative investigation of the US Department of Veterans Affairs–Technology Enhanced Coaching (VA-TEC) study, a parallel randomized controlled trial with diabetes patients with poor glycemic control at the Detroit VA Medical Center. Intervention arm participants work for 6 months with peer coaches who are also VA patients who now have good glycemic control. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with veterans who had recently completed their 6 months of coaching. Responses to Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ) items in the trial’s 6-month survey were used to identify veterans for interviews who rated their coaches either especially high or low in terms of autonomy supportiveness. Interview responses were then analyzed in order to elucidate veterans’ perceptions of autonomy support in their coaching relationships.ResultsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 of the veterans who completed the VA-TEC program. Veterans who rated their coaches higher on HCCQ items tended to emphasize the positivity and non-judgmental nature of their coaches. They also described coaches who offered them choices and non-directive suggestions in identifying health behavior goals. Veterans who gave their coaches lower HCCQ ratings described coaches who tended to be less personally engaged and less focused on addressing veterans’ specific concerns about diabetes. Some veterans who rated their coaches lower on autonomy-supportiveness felt their coaches underestimated their existing knowledge of diabetes and were overly directive in providing advice. Overall, participants’ HCCQ ratings correlated well with expressed satisfaction with their coach in interviews. ConclusionsVA-TEC participant feedback outlines meaningful ways in which coaches can support autonomy. These include, among others, eliciting participants’ personal goals, remaining positive and non-judgmental, providing suggestions for behavior changes without being overly directive, and maintaining a balance between discussing diabetes and the types of personal conversations that are crucial to building trust. The effective behaviors described in this investigation can be used to train future coaches and other lay health workers.
Application of the Q-DFT Fully Correlated Approximation to the Helium Atom

In Chap. 9, the properties of atoms were determined by the Q-DFT Hartree Uncorrelated Approximation, the rigorously independent particle approximation with no electron correlations present (see Sect. 6.1.2). In Chap. 10, electron correlations due to the Pauli exclusion principle were introduced, and the Q-DFT Pauli Approximation applied to atoms. Recall (see Sect. 6.2.2), that in this latter approximation the Correlation-Kinetic contributions due to the Pauli principle are ignored. The calculations of the application of both these approximations to atoms are fully self-consistent. As a consequence of the inclusion of Pauli correlations, there is an improvement in results for atoms with atomic number Z > 2, e.g. the total energy is lower, and the negative of the highest occupied eigenvalue is closer to the experimental ionization potential. The obvious next steps in this study of atoms is to first additionally introduce Coulomb correlations as within the QDFT Pauli–Coulomb Approximation of Sect. 6.3.1, and then to incorporate the Correlation-Kinetic effects as in the Q-DFT Fully Correlated Approximation of Sect. 6.3.2. Such a study to separately examine the effects of Coulomb correlations and Correlation-Kinetic contributions employing approximate wave function functionals which are determined fully self-consistently (see Fig. 6.1), is in progress. Another approach to study the contributions of Coulomb correlations and Correlation-Kinetic effects to the properties of atoms is to employ highly accurate, albeit approximate, wave functions that exist in the literature within the Q-DFT Fully Correlated Approximation. The advantage of such calculations for atoms is that properties of the corresponding S systems, viz. the quantal sources, the resulting fields and potential energies, the components of the total energy, the total energy, and the highest occupied eigenvalues, are all determined “exactly” with an accuracy of either the same or second order as that of the wave function employed. The results of other approximate calculational schemes can then be compared with these “exact” values.
Logic and compositional verification of hybrid systems

Hybrid systems are models for complex physical systems and have become a widely used concept for understanding their behavior. Many applications are safety-critical, including car, railway, and air traffic control, robotics, physical-chemical process control, and biomedical devices. Hybrid systems analysis studies how we can build computerised controllers for physical systems which are guaranteed to meet their design goals. The continuous dynamics of hybrid systems can be modeled by differential equations, the discrete dynamics by a combination of discrete state-transitions and conditional execution. The discrete and continuous dynamics interact to form hybrid systems, which makes them quite challenging for verification. In this tutorial, we survey state-of-the-art verification techniques for hybrid systems. In particular, we focus on a coherent logical approach for systematic hybrid systems analysis. We survey theory, practice, and applications, and show how hybrid systems can be verified in the hybrid systems verification tool KeYmaera. KeYmaera has been used successfully to verify safety, reactivity, controllability, and liveness properties, including collision freedom in air traffic, car, and railway control systems. It has also been used to verify properties of electrical circuits.
A New Hybrid Full-Spectrum Correlated k-Distribution Method for Radiative Transfer Calculations in Nonhomogeneous Gas Mixtures

The full-spectrum k-distribution (FSK) approach is a promising model for radiative transfer calculations in participating media. FSK achieves line-by-line (LBL) accuracy for homogeneous media at a tiny fraction of LBL’s high computational cost. However, inhomogeneities in gas temperature, total pressure and component-gas mole fractions change the spectral distribution of the absorption coefficient and can cause inaccuracies in the FSK method. In this paper, a new hybrid FSK method is proposed that combines the advantages of the multi-group FSK (MGFSK) method for temperature inhomogeneities in a single gas specie and the multi-scale FSK (MSFSK) method for concentration inhomogeneities in gas mixtures. In this new hybrid method the absorption coefficients of each gas specie in the mixture are divided into M spectral groups depending on their temperature dependence. New and accurate MGFSK databases are constructed for combustion gases, such as CO2 and H2 O. This paper includes a brief mathematical development of the new method, method of database construction and sample heat transfer calculations for 1-D inhomogeneous gas mixtures with step changes in temperature and species mole-fractions. Performance and accuracy are compared to LBL and traditional FSK calculations. The new method achieves high accuracy in radiative heat transfer calculations in participating media containing extreme inhomogeneities in both temperature and mole fractions using as few as M = 2 spectral groups for each gas specie, accompanied by several orders of magnitude lower computational expense as compared to LBL solutions.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Neurochemistry (The History)

First page of article Keywords: neurochemistry (history of); nerve cell neurochemical uniqueness
The Generalized Linear Complementarity Problem: Least Element Theory andZ-Matrices

Existence of solutions to the Generalized Linear Complementarity Problem (GLCP) is characterized when the associated matrix is a vertical block Z-matrix. It is shown that if solutions exist, then one must be the least element of the feasible region. Moreover, the vertical block Z-matrix belongs to the class of matrices where feasibility implies existence of a solution to the GLCP. The concept of sufficient matrices of class Z is investigated to obtain additional properties of the solution set.
A study of the relationship of motile sperm numbers in cervical mucus 48 hours after artificial insemination with subsequent fertility

Abstract The records of 159 women who underwent 561 cycles of donor insemination (AID) in the UCD artificial insemination program were analyzed in a study of the relationship of the numbers of motile sperm seen in the cervical mucus 48 hours after AID with subsequent ferblity. The numbers of motile sperm were expressed on an integral rank scaie (0 to 8). A relationship between the results and subsequent fertility was demonstrated. The distribution of the data on sperm numbers for fertile and infertile cycles were qualitatively and quantitatively different. The latter were consistently skewed toward low values, while the former were not. Overall, mean values were higher for conception cycles. Selective grouping of women to eliminate factors that could potentially have an adverse influence on fertility, such as pelvic abnormality, oligoovulation,or prior pelvic operation, increased the overall conception rate. However, they did not influence the relationship between low and high motile sperm numbers and subsequent conception.
Facilitating Violence: A Comparison of Gang-Motivated, Gang-Affiliated, and Nongang Youth Homicides

It is well established that gangs facilitate violent offending by members,but the mechanisms by which that facilitation occurs remain unclear. Gangsmay promote violence indirectly by facilitating members' access to riskysituations such as drug markets or directly through gang functions such asturf defense. We explore alternative modes of facilitation in a comparisonof gang-affiliated homicides (which involve gang members but do not resultfrom gang activity), gang-motivated homicides (which result from gangactivity), and nongang youth homicides in St. Louis. We find importantdifferences as well as similarities in the time trends and eventcharacteristic of the two types of gang homicide; in key respects thegang-affiliated homicides more closely resemble the nongang events. Thegang-motivated events exhibit a somewhat distinctive spatial patterning,as might be expected from their connection to turf conflicts. However, allthree homicide types are highly concentrated in racially isolated,disadvantaged neighborhoods, which remain the fundamental socialfacilitators of both gang and nongang violence.
Chemotherapeutic Activity of Bluensomycin

Bluensomycin inhibited various species of proteus in vitro at low concentrations. A lethal proteus infection in mice was cured by bluensomycin.
Type 4 is not computable

We extend a recent result of McKenzie, and show that it is an undecidable problem to determine if 4 appears in the typeset of a finitely generated, locally finite variety.
Studies of strong-field effects in multiphoton subpicosecond excited plasmas: Soft X-ray fluorescence and propagation

Studies concerning two aspects of the strong-field multiphoton response of matter are discussed, namely, (1) the generation of excited states and (2) the propagation of extremely intense radiation in plasmas. Fluorescence in the 7 – 79 nm region arising from excited ionic states produced in gas targets composed of the rare gases and N2 is examined. Emissions from complex transition arrays stemming from open nd configurations in Kr and Xe are observed. Strong-field conditions are expected to produce significantly altered characteristics of propagation in plasmas which include the possibility of a new mode of channeled propagation.
Vasoactive Factors and Blood Pressure in Children

Vasoactive peptide systems play a critical role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP). Inappropriate stimulation or deregulation of cross talk between diverse vasomotor factors contributes in a major way to the development of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease in children. Understanding how derangements in vasoactive factor systems may lead to these health problems might potentially prevent disease from occurring. This chapter will review new advances in physiology, biochemistry, pathophysiology, and function of the renal and systemic vasoactive systems with special emphasis on their role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in children.
Traumatic aortic injury: CT findings, mimics, and therapeutic options

Objective: Traumatic aortic injury (TAI) is rare, but frequently lethal. However, with prompt diagnosis, patients can undergo life-saving open or endovascular repair. Unfortunately, because these injuries are relatively rare, subtle forms of these injuries may be missed, and normal variants may mimic TAI leading to misdiagnosis. Conclusions: We will discuss computed tomography findings of typical injury patterns of traumatic aortic injuries as well as treatment options, diagnostic pitfalls and injury mimics. These are highlighted with clinical case examples.
Role of Indian Ocean warming in the development of Philippine Sea anticyclone during ENSO

[1] The anomalous, low-level anticyclone near the Philippines and suppressed convection over the western Pacific associated with the mature warm phase of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been suggested as important elements in the interaction between ENSO and the East Asian monsoon. We examined the causes of these anomalies in the circulation and convection using a newly developed, linear baroclinic model that includes interactive moist processes of the cumulus convection and surface heat fluxes. A conventional version of the linear model forced by prescribed heating indicates that the diabatic cooling due to suppressed convection over the maritime continent generates the Philippine Sea anticyclone. From a series of the moist linear model experiments, we found that the modest warming of the Indian Ocean, in addition to the strong warming in the central–eastern Pacific and weak cooling in the western Pacific, is significant to suppress the convection over the maritime continent. Observed data also show a coincidence of the development between the Philippine Sea anticyclone, Indian Ocean warming, and the ascending motion over the Indian Ocean, supporting the model results. The above results indicate that the atmosphere-ocean system in the Indian Ocean may be one of important factors to improve predictability of the East Asian climate during ENSO.
Towards a personalized trust management system

Next generations distributed cyberspace technologies, such as cloud computing, social networking and mobile applications, are expected to evolve a global cyberspace marketplace for resources and services. In such a large-scale marketplace, users are largely autonomous with vastly diverse requirements, capabilities and trust profiles. Therefore trading services and service compositions in this marketplace is a challenging endeavor. We hypothesize the need for a generic personalized trust management system for the wide scale adoption of such marketplace. However, most existing trust management systems are oblivious to the diversity in users trust requirements. Besides, their trust management operations are hardwired and tightly coupled. In this paper we propose a model for personalized trust management. In our model the user may play any of the three roles consumer, broker, or provider. In addition, the model separates trust management operations into decision, expectation, analysis, data management and monitoring. Separation of these operations supports data privacy, confidentially and integrity, where data can be kept at their sources and accessed only on a need to know basis. Based on that model, we develop a personalized trust management system as a case study. The system includes the autonomic aspects self-configuring and self-optimizing. We used BitTorrent networks to demonstrate our approach, where, we compared Leechers' download losses, exposure durations and overheads endured when utilizing a personalized trust management system, against that of an un personalized version of the same system. Results showed that the personalized system mitigates overheads, exposures and download losses.
N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF THE RECOMBINANT P2X2 RECEPTOR

P2X receptors are integral membrane proteins that belong to the growing family of transmitter-gated ion channels. The extracellular domain of these receptors contains several consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation that may contribute to the functional expression of the channel. We have previously reported the extracellular orientation of asparagine residues 182, 239, and 298 of the P2X2 receptor subunit by showing that the protein is glycosylated at each site [Torres, G. E., et al. (1998) FEBS Lett. 425, 19-23 (1)]. In this study, we focused on the consequences of removing N-linked glycosylation from the P2X2 receptor by using two different approaches, tunicamycin treatment or site-directed mutagenesis. HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the P2X2 receptor subunit showed little or no response to ATP after tunicamycin treatment. In addition, loss of function was observed with the elimination of all three N-linked glycosylation sites from P2X2. Cell surface labeling with biotin or indirect immunofluorescence revealed that the expression of the nonglycosylated receptors produced by either tunicamycin or site-directed mutagenesis is greatly reduced at the cell surface, indicating that the nonglycosylated P2X2 receptors are retained inside the cell. These data provide the first direct evidence for a critical role of N-linked glycosylation in the cell surface expression of a P2X receptor subunit.
Probing the Electron-Accepting Reactivity of Isomeric Bis(pyrrolidinium) Fullerene Salts in Aqueous Solutions

A series of water-soluble isomer bis(pyrrolidinium) salts, with C60(C4H10N+)2 as cationic moiety (2a−2d), were probed in radical- and light-induced reduction studies and compared to bis(carboxylates) C60[C(COO-)2]2 and to γ-CD-encapsulated C60. Pulse radiolytic reduction of 2a−2d with hydrated electrons and (CH3)2•COH radicals leads to the formation of the fullerene π-radical anion, exhibiting fingerprint absorption characteristics in the near-IR region. Because of the electron-withdrawing nature of the pyrrolidinium groups the electron-acceptor properties of the investigated bis(pyrrolidinium) salts are markedly improved relative to the bis(carboxylates) (C60[C(COO-)2]2) and also relative to C60. For example, the rate constants for the fullerene reduction of 2a−2d with hydrated electrons ((0.88−2.2) × 1010 M-1 s-1) and (CH3)2•COH radicals ((4.7−7.1) × 108 M-1 s-1) are clearly faster than those noted for C60[C(COO-)2]2 (eaq-: (0.19−0.34) × 1010 M-1 s-1; (CH3)2•COH: (0.9−2.2) × 108 M-1 s-1), and C60 (eaq...
WIRELESS VISUAL SERVOING FOR ODIS – AN UNDER CAR INSPECTION MOBILE ROBOT

Abstract This paper presents a simple robot localization technique using the wireless visual servoing technique involved in an autonomous ground vehicle ODIS (omnidirectional inspection system) for under-car inspection tasks in standard parking lot environment. Based on the current architecture of ODIS and the dedicated scripting language, an iterative visual servoing scheme is proposed to align the yellow line of the parking lot. The iterative scheme tolerates the uncertain time delay due to the wireless connections without introducing stability problem due to time-varying delay in real-time visual servoing. Experimental results are presented to show that for our specific application, the wireless visual servoing technique presented in this paper is an efficient way for robot localization.
Perineal body length as a risk factor for ultrasound-diagnosed anal sphincter tear at first delivery

Introduction and hypothesis Shortened perineal body (PB) is associated with an increased risk of ultrasound-detected obstetric anal sphincter tear. The objective was to determine if shortened perineal body length (<3 cm) is a risk factor for ultrasound-detected anal sphincter tear at first delivery.
Phase diagram up to 105 GPa and mechanical strength of HfO 2

Using high-resolution synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction, we have investigated the stability and equation of state (EOS) of hafnia ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$ phases under high pressures before and after laser heating to high temperatures. We observe three phases with increasing pressure: baddeleyite (monoclinic, MI), orthorhombic I (OI), and cotunnite (orthorhombic, OII). The OII phase is stable up to a pressure of at least 105 GPa before and after laser heating to $\ensuremath{\sim}1800$ $(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}200)\text{ }\text{K}$. We provide experimental EOSs for the observed phases. The present results for ${\text{MI-HfO}}_{2}$ EOS are distinct from previous measurements yielding an ambient-pressure volume $({V}_{0})$ of 34.50 $(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04)\text{ }{\text{\AA{}}}^{3}/\text{f}\text{.u}\text{.}$ and an ambient-pressure bulk modulus ${K}_{0}$ of 185 $(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}23)\text{ }\text{GPa}$, assuming ${K}_{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4$. In contrast, the experimental EOSs of OI and OII are in good agreement with previous studies. The measured EOSs are consistent with our density-functional theory calculations. The large volume decrease across the $\text{OI}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\text{OII}$ phase transition as obtained from both our experiments and calculations is $\ensuremath{\sim}9\mathrm{%}$. Despite the large increase in density and high bulk modulus of ${\text{OII-HfO}}_{2}$, we find, using scaling relations, that all ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$ phases show similar mechanical hardness $(H)$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}10--12\text{ }\text{GPa}$, too low for ${\text{HfO}}_{2}$ to be considered a superhard material.
Mammalian chondrocytes expanded in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 maintain the ability to differentiate and regenerate three-dimensional cartilaginous tissue.

The differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes from hyaline cartilage is gradually lost during expansion in monolayers. Chondrocytes can reexpress their differentiated phenotype by transfer into an environment that prevents cell flattening, but serially passaged cells never completely recover their chondrogenic potential. We report that chondrocytes expanded (up to 2000-fold) in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) dedifferentiated, but fully maintained their potential for redifferentiation in response to environmental changes. After seeding onto three-dimensional polymer scaffolds, chondrocytes expanded in the presence of FGF-2 formed cartilaginous tissue that was histologically and biochemically comparable to that obtained using primary chondrocytes, in contrast to chondrocytes expanded to the same degree but in the absence of FGF-2. The presence of FGF-2 inhibited the formation of thick F-actin structures, which otherwise formed during monolayer expansion, were maintained during tissue cultivation, and were associated with reduced ability of chondrocytes to reexpress their differentiated phenotype. This study provides evidence that FGF-2 maintains the chondrogenic potential during chondrocyte expansion in monolayers, possibly due to changes in the architecture of F-actin elements and allows more efficient utilization of harvested tissue for cartilage tissue engineering.
Preliminary Data on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Rubidium-82 Cardiac PET Perfusion Imaging for the Evaluation of Ischemia in a Pediatric Population

Evaluation of myocardial perfusion is sometimes necessary in children with congenital heart disease or acquired coronary artery abnormalities. Limited information is available regarding the clinical utility of myocardial perfusion imaging in children. PET imaging with rubidium-82 may provide a convenient clinical means of assessing regional circulatory compromise in pediatric patients with small hearts, due to its improved spatial resolution. Clinically indicated cardiac PET studies obtained in 22 pediatric patients were reviewed by two blinded observers and assigned myocardial perfusion scores using a standard 17-segment model. PET results were correlated with coronary angiography, available in 15 cases, to determine the accuracy of PET scanning for evaluating compromise of the myocardial circulation. Reversible defects consistent with myocardial ischemia were present in 6 of 15 (40%) PET cases. The sensitivity and specificity of cardiac PET for the detection of significant coronary artery disease were 100% and 82%, respectively. The positive predictive value of cardiac PET was 67%, while the negative predictive value was 100%. Cardiac PET imaging with rubidium-82 appears promising for the noninvasive assessment of myocardial perfusion in the pediatric population. The findings from this small series suggest that prospective study in a larger patient cohort merits consideration.