cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A SERS aptasensor for sensitive and selective detection of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disruptor commonly present in plastic products, such as PVC tubes and water bottles. In this work, a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based aptasensor was developed and utilized for rapid, easy, sensitive, and specific detection of trace DEHP. A DEHP aptamer was immobilized on magnetic particles. Raman reporter molecule conjugated silver nanoparticles were clustered and coated with silica to provide a stable SERS signal. The SERS silica particle was then functionalized with 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester to increase its affinity to the DEHP aptamer. In the presence of a sample with DEHP, the high-affinity SERS silica particle competes with the DEHP molecule to bind with the aptamer on the magnetic particle. By measuring the signal of free SERS silica particles in the supernatant after magnetic separation, the concentration of DEHP in the sample was quantitatively determined. The developed DEHP aptasensor had a detection range from 0.008 to 182 nM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 pM. The aptasensor also showed high selectivity when exposed to interferents with analogous structures. The aptasensor was successfully tested for the detection of DEHP spiked in tap water, bottled water, and a carbonate beverage. The developed SERS-based aptasensor provides a rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use method for the quantitative detection of DEHP in environmental and food analysis.
Heuristic methods for synthesizing realistic social networks based on personality compatibility

Social structures and interpersonal relationships may be represented as social networks consisting of nodes corresponding to people and links between pairs of nodes corresponding to relationships between those people. Social networks can be constructed by examining actual groups of people and identifying the relationships of interest between them. However, there are circumstances where such empirical social networks are unavailable or their use would be undesirable. Consequently, methods to generate synthetic social networks that are not identical to real-world networks but have desired structural similarities to them have been developed. A process for generating synthetic social networks based on assigning human personality types to the nodes and then adding links between nodes based on the compatibility of the nodes’ personalities was developed. Two new algorithms, Probability Search and Compatibility-Degree Matching, for finding an effective assignment of personality types to the nodes were developed, implemented, and tested. The two algorithms were evaluated in terms of realism, i.e., the similarity of the generated synthetic social to exemplar real-world social networks, for 14 different real-world social networks using 20 standard quantitative network metrics. Both search algorithms produced networks that were, on average, more realistic than a standard network generation algorithm that does not use personality, the Configuration Model. The algorithms were also evaluated in terms of computational complexity.
Chapter 2 – Personnel

Understanding how the remote production goes together requires the understanding of the role of each of the participants, their responsibilities and how they interact. Responsibilities vary with the production company, station, network, and event. People are often required to wear multiple hats in a production.
The role of pre-crash driving instability in contributing to crash intensity using naturalistic driving data.

Abstract While the cost of crashes exceeds $1 Trillion a year in the U.S. alone, the availability of high-resolution naturalistic driving data provides an opportunity for researchers to conduct an in-depth analysis of crash contributing factors, and design appropriate interventions. Although police-reported crash data provides information on crashes, this study takes advantage of the SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) which is a unique dataset that allows new insights due to detailed information on driver behavior in normal, pre-crash, and near-crash situations, in addition to trip and vehicle performance characteristics. This paper investigates the role of pre-crash driving instability, or driving volatility, in crash intensity (measured on a 4-point scale from a tire-strike to an injury crash) by analyzing microscopic vehicle kinematic data. NDS data are used to investigate not only the vehicle movements in space but also the instability of vehicles prior to the crash and their contribution to crash intensity using path analysis. A subset of the data containing 617 crash events with around 0.18 million temporal trajectories are analyzed. To quantify driving instability, microscopic variations or volatility in vehicular movements before a crash are analyzed. Specifically, nine measures of pre-crash driving volatility are calculated and used to explain crash intensity. While most of the measures are significantly correlated with crash intensity, substantial positive correlations are observed for two measures representing speed and deceleration volatilities. Modeling results of the fixed and random parameter probit models revealed that volatility is one of the leading factors increasing the probability of a severe crash. Additionally, the speed prior to a crash is highly correlated with intensity outcomes, as expected. Interestingly, distracted and aggressive driving are highly correlated with driving volatility and have substantial indirect effects on crash intensity. With volatile driving serving as a leading indicator of crash intensity, given the crashes analyzed in this study, early warnings and alerts for the subject vehicle driver and proximate vehicles can be helpful when volatile behavior is observed.
Evaluating Precisicon and Recall through the Utility of msTALI via an Active Site Study on Fold Families

Proteins execute various activities required by biological cells. Further, they structurally support and promote important biochemical reactions which functionally are sparked by active-sites. Active-sites are regions where reactions and binding events take place directly; they foster protein purpose. Describing functional relationships depends on factors that incorporate sequence, structure, and the biochemical properties of amino acids that form proteins. Our approach to active-site description is computational, and many other approaches utilizing available protein data fall short of ideal. Successful recognition of functional interactions is crucial to advancements in protein annotation and the bioinformatics field at large. This research outlines our Multiple Structure Torsion Angle Alignment (msTALI) as a suitable strategy for addressing active-site identification by comparing results to other existing methods. Specifically, we address the precision of msTALI across three protein families. Our target proteins are PDBIDs 1A2B, 1B4V, 1B8S, 1COY, 1CXZ, 3COX, 1D7E, 1DPF, 1F9I, 1FTN, 1IJH, 1KOU, 1NWZ, 2PHY, and 1SIC.
Monitoring trace metal particulates: An evaluation of the sampling and analysis problems

A critique of current methods of monitoring trace metal particulates is presented in which sources of error in both the sample collection and analysis processes are pointed out. Results indicating that membrane-type filters are inefficient for collection of particulates in certain size ranges are presented and discussed. Possible problems with commonly used sample preparation and analysis procedures are pointed out and general recommendations for the elimination of these problems are made.
Technical Performance Score's Association With Arterial Switch Operation Outcomes

Background Outcomes after the arterial switch operation (ASO) for dextro-transposition of the great arteries have improved significantly since its inception in the 1980s. This study reviews contemporaneous outcomes and predictors for late reinterventions after ASO. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent ASO for dextro-transposition of the great arteries from 1997 to 2017. Technical performance score (TPS) class (class 1, trivial or no residua; class 2, minor residua; class 3, major residua or reintervention) was assigned at discharge based on echocardiographic evaluation of components of the ASO. Multivariable Cox regression identified patient- and procedure-specific factors associated with postdischarge reinterventions. Results Among 598 patients, 410 (69%) underwent ASO and 188 (31%) underwent ASO with ventricular septal defect repair. Median age at surgery was 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7); median follow-up time was 8.2 years; 408 (68%) were male; 50 (8.3%) were premature; and 10 (1.7%) had noncardiac anomalies or syndromes. Survival to hospital discharge was 98% (n = 591). Among 349 patients with follow-up, freedom from unplanned reintervent2ion at 5 years was 99% for TPS class 1, compared with 84% for class 2 and 30% for class 3. On multivariable Cox regression, classes 2 and 3 had significantly higher hazard for reintervention (class 2 hazard ratio 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 44.2; P = .001; class 3 hazard ratio 58.2, 95% confidence interval, 13.1 to 259; P Conclusions At our center, ASO was associated with relatively low mortality. Class 2 and class 3 TPS were the most important independent predictors of reinterventions after discharge. Therefore, TPS can serve as a tool for identifying high-risk patients who warrant closer follow-up.
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Reveals Optic Tract Damage That Correlates with Clinical Severity in Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the visual system and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. To date, its pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. This study evaluated the feasibility of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques for examining the microstructural environment of the visual pathway in glaucoma. While conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed lower fractional anisotropy and higher directional diffusivities in the optic tracts of glaucoma patients than healthy controls, diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and the extended white matter tract integrity (WMTI) model indicated lower radial kurtosis, higher axial and radial diffusivities in the extra-axonal space, lower axonal water fraction, and lower tortuosity in the same regions in glaucoma patients. These findings suggest glial involvements apart from compromised axonal integrity in glaucoma. In addition, DKI and WMTI but not DTI parameters significantly correlated with clinical ophthalmic measures via optical coherence tomography and visual field perimetry testing. Taken together, DKI and WMTI provided sensitive and comprehensive imaging biomarkers for quantifying glaucomatous damage in the white matter tract across clinical severity complementary to DTI.
Pulmonary Consequences of Harnessing the Thoracic Pump

Background: Intrathoracic pressure regulation (ITPR) utilizes a device that enhances venous return to the heart and cardiac preload by inducing negative end expiratory pressure in mechanically ventilated patients. Recent findings from a porcine model did not show appreciable effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP), however a potential harmful pulmonary effect of the ITPR device in the setting of lung injury was identified, therefore necessitating further investigation. Methods: Intubated and mechanically ventilated swine underwent a combination of hemorrhage with or without lung injury. With the animals in group 1 only, repeated bronchoalveolar lavage was performed until a PaO2:FIO2 (P:F) ratio of Results: Group 1 animals demonstrated a lower partial pressure of oxygen and P/F ratio at the -12 mm Hg device setting compared to baseline. Group 2 animals, demonstrated increased plateau pressures and decreased lung compliance, end expiratory lung volume, and P/F ratio at 30 and 90-minute time points compared to baseline. Lung gross and histologic analysis showed heavily damaged and hemorrhagic lungs without undergoing lung injury compared to control pig lungs from the previously published study in which there were no injury or ITPR use. Lungs from ITPR over 2 hours grossly appeared worse than lungs exposed to lung injury. Conclusions: In this study, ITPR provided a modest increase in MAP following hemorrhage but was not without untoward pulmonary consequences. With group 1 there was a reduction in oxygenation found when the device was utilized at the -12 mm Hg setting. However, in group 2 worsening in oxygenation and pulmonary mechanics was observed, that changed early in the ITPR device use and remained through the 2-hour ITPR application. Gross pathology showed noticeable lung damage. These results support our previous findings that demonstrate potential pulmonary damage caused by the ITPR device use even with short term use.
RADIO-OPTICAL REFERENCE FRAME LINK USING THE U.S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY ASTROGRAPH AND DEEP CCD IMAGING

Between 1997 and 2004 several observing runs were conducted, mainly with the CTIO 0.9 m, to image International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) counterparts (mostly QSOs) in order to determine accurate optical positions. Contemporary to these deep CCD images, the same fields were observed with the U.S. Naval Observatory astrograph in the same bandpass. They provide accurate positions on the Hipparcos/Tycho-2 system for stars in the 10-16 mag range used as reference stars for the deep CCD imaging data. Here we present final optical position results of 413 sources based on reference stars obtained by dedicated astrograph observations that were reduced following two different procedures. These optical positions are compared to radio very long baseline interferometry positions. The current optical system is not perfectly aligned to the ICRF radio system with rigid body rotation angles of 3-5 mas (= 3σ level) found between them for all three axes. Furthermore, statistically, the optical-radio position differences are found to exceed the total, combined, known errors in the observations. Systematic errors in the optical reference star positions and physical offsets between the centers of optical and radio emissions are both identified as likely causes. A detrimental, astrophysical, random noise component is postulated to bemore » on about the 10 mas level. If confirmed by future observations, this could severely limit the Gaia to ICRF reference frame alignment accuracy to an error of about 0.5 mas per coordinate axis with the current number of sources envisioned to provide the link. A list of 36 ICRF sources without the detection of an optical counterpart to a limiting magnitude of about R = 22 is provided as well.« less
Global stability of two-scale network human epidemic dynamic model

The recent high rate of globalization of new disease strains and infectious agents at non-endemic zones is closely associated with complex human population structure and the large-scale inter-patch connections human transportations. The complexities in the human population structure create heterogeneities with respect to patch dwelling populations as well as endemic population structure. We present a multi-group SIRS dynamic epidemic process in the context of scale structured population. For simplicity we limit the scale to the value of two and define a multi-scale extension algorithm for the epidemic process. We investigate the global uniform asymptotic stability of the disease free equilibrium of the scale structured epidemic dynamic process and its impact on the emergence, propagation and resurgence of the disease. The presented results are demonstrated by numerical simulation results.
The Economic Realities of Amateur Sports Organization

Athletic competition at all levels has traditionally assumed a "larger than life" role in American society. Entire cities and even regions adopt and rabidly promote professional teams such as the Washington Redskins and the Chicago Cubs. On the college scene, the University of Notre Dame football team continues to benefit from a faithful group of "subway alumni" around the country-fans who root for the Irish even though they have no visible connection with the University. At the high school level, what can only be labeled a cultural phenomenon-"Hoosier Hysteria"-is now a fitting subject for lengthy discussion in national magazines. Sporting competition does occupy a unique and sometimes almost overriding position in the consciousness of Americans. The daily conversations of millions of Americans revolve around races for conference championships, rankings in polls, and the relative merits of particular athletes or teams. Amateur sporting competition (which for present purposes we will define to include big-time intercollegiate athletic programs such as those in the Big Ten Conference) is no exception to this rule. Consider that almost 35 million individuals attended National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football games in 1983' and that a single institution, the University of Michigan, has hosted over 100,000 fans at its home football games sixty times in succession. Yes, we do pay a lot of attention to sports in general and amateur sports in particular. As Beisser has put it, Americans have a "love affair
CONTINUOUS CROSS SUBSIDIES AND QUANTITY RESTRICTIONS

This article provides a model of loss leader pricing and quantity restrictions for a competitive multiproduct industry when individual consumers have continuous (and independent) demands for the set of available goods. Utilizing a generalization of the model proposed by Bliss [1988], we demonstrate the importance of consumer heterogeneity for the existence of cross subsidies when there is complete information and individual consumers have smooth, downward sloping demands. Continuous cross subsidies arising from consumer heterogeneity are also shown to exist in Hotelling models. Our use of continuous rather than ‘unit’ demands allows us to analyze issues related to welfare, which in turn exposes a strong incentive for the firm to place binding quantity restrictions on consumers. We also show how the presence of quantity restrictions can be used to distinguish between continuous cross subsidies arising from heterogeneous consumers versus those arising from classic demand complementarity with homogeneous agents.
Liver Motion Due to Needle Pressure, Cardiac, and Respiratory Motion During the TIPS Procedure

TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt) is an effective treatment for portal hypertension. However, during the procedure, respiration, needle pressure, and possibly other factors cause the liver to move. This complicates the procedure since the portal vein is not visible during needle insertion. We present the results of a study of intraoperative liver motion.
Polarized secretion of thrombospondin is opposite to thyroglobulin in thyroid epithelial cells

In addition to thyroglobulin, primary thyrocytes secrete into the culture medium significant quantities of p500, a protein so named because of its M(r) > or = 500,000. Epithelial monolayers cultured on porous filters serve as a useful model system in which to study protein secretion. From these monolayers, thyroglobulin, the precursor in thyroid hormonogenesis, was released with apical predominance, while p500 was found mostly in the basolateral medium. Thyrocyte exposure to thyrotropin augmented selectively thyroglobulin but not p500 production. By contrast, exposure to cycloheximide actually augmented p500 production, a response observed for immediate-early proto-oncogenes. Using thyrocyte conditioned medium, the p500 protein was purified to homogeneity. Peptide sequencing of tryptic fragments of purified p500 showed identity to thrombospondin. Immunoprecipitation of thrombospondin from media bathing primary thyrocytes and the FRTL5 cell line quantitatively recovered p500, confirming its identity and indicating an epithelial origin. Gel filtration of secreted thrombospondin eluted at a high molecular weight, suggesting complexation with components of the extracellular matrix. Further, immunofluorescence showed cellular codistribution of thrombospondin and thyroglobulin, although thrombospondin exhibited predominantly an extracellular, basolateral deposition. It seems likely that thrombospondin production by thyrocytes plays a role in the growth or development of the thyroid epithelium.
Triterpenoid Biosynthesis in Euphorbia Lathyris

Triterpenols and their esters make up 4–5% of the dry weight of Euphorbia lathyris.1 A significant amount of these triterpenoids are synthesized and stored within laticifer cells where these compounds constitute up to 50% of the dry weight of the latex.2 We are interested in the nature of these compounds and the organization and regulation of their biosynthesis. Here we report on recent work investigating the control of carbon allocation to these compounds, further elucidation of the identity of the triterpenols found in latex, evidence indicating that the conversion of HMG-CoA to meva-lonate (MVA) is rate-limiting in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids in latex, and steps in the purification of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR).
Intramuscular Injections in Children

The most common serious complications of intramuscular injections in children are muscle contractures and nerve injury. Muscle contracture occurs most commonly after injections in the anterior and lateral thigh, and sciatic nerve injury is the most frequently reported serious complication of the gluteal area. The technique of administering intramuscular injections involves attention to the appropriate site of needle insertion, needle size, and angle of injection. Suggested techniques with illustrations are included. The appropriate site of injection depends upon the age and size of the child. Multiple injection sites may be preferable in some cases. Compliance with meticulous technique may reduce the incidence of complications; however, complications can occur in spite of every appropriate precaution.
Temporal orchestration of circadian autophagy rhythm by C/EBPβ

Temporal organization of tissue metabolism is important for maintaining nutrient and energy homeostasis in mammals. Autophagy is a conserved cellular pathway that is activated in response to nutrient limitation, resulting in the degradation of cytoplasmic components and the release of amino acids and other nutrients. Here, we show that autophagy exhibits robust circadian rhythm in mouse liver, which is accompanied by cyclic induction of genes involved in various steps of autophagy. Functional analyses of transcription factors and cofactors identified C/EBPβ as a potent activator of autophagy. C/EBPβ is rhythmically expressed in the liver and is regulated by both circadian and nutritional signals. In cultured primary hepatocytes, C/EBPβ stimulates the program of autophagy gene expression and is sufficient to activate autophagic protein degradation. Adenoviral-mediated RNAi knockdown of C/EBPβ in vivo abolishes diurnal autophagy rhythm in the liver. Further, circadian regulation of C/EBPβ and autophagy is disrupted in mice lacking a functional liver clock. We have thus identified C/EBPβ as a key factor that links autophagy to biological clock and maintains nutrient homeostasis throughout light/dark cycles.
Enhancing the Controlled Disclosure of Sensitive Information

The so-called “aggregation problem” is addressed, where the issue is how to release only a limited part of an information resource, and foil any attacks by users trying to aggregate information beyond the preset limits. The framework is that of relational databases, where sensitive information can be defined flexibly using view definitions. For each such view, the tuples that have already been disclosed are recorded intensionally rather than extensionally, that is, at each point, sub-view definitions are maintained that describe all the sensitive tuples that have been released to each individual. While our previous work foiled sequences of single-query attacks attempted by individual users, it did not consider multi-query attacks, where a combination of queries is used to invade the sensitive information. In this study we enhance our previous solutions to guard the sensitive information against two kinds of multi-query attacks: join attacks, and complement attacks. We then argue that the enhanced algorithm renders the sensitive information immune to attacks.
Real Time Three‐Dimensional Stress Echocardiography: A New Approach for Assessing Diastolic Function

Objective: To assess the feasibility of utilizing real time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) for assessment of diastolic function during stress. Methods: Rest and stress volumes were acquired in 24 patients and parameters of diastolic function—peak ventricular filling rate (PFR) and time to peak filling rate (TPFR)—were calculated. Results: Calculation of diastolic parameters was feasible in all patients. Resting PFR correlated with end-diastolic (EDV) and stroke volumes and inversely with TPFR (r = 0.53, 0.66, –0.5). With stress, PFR increased by 93% and TPFR decreased by 23% (P < 0.001). Stress PFR correlated with stress heart rate, EDV and stroke volume (r = 0.52, 0.50, 0.62) while TPFR correlated inversely with heart rate (r =–0.71). The change in PFR with stress correlated with the change in stroke volume (r = 0.42), while the change in TPFR correlated with the change in end-systolic volume (ESV) (r = 0.43) and inversely with the change in diastolic blood pressure (r =–0.41). Rest and stress PFR and TPFR are independent of age, gender and blood pressure and the change in PFR is independent of stress heart rate or blood pressure. E/E′ correlated with stress TPFR (r = 0.72) and change in TPFR (r = 0.67) and inversely with change in PFR (r =–0.67). Conclusions: RT3DE can assess diastolic function during stress by detecting changes in PFR and TPFR, independent of gender, age, and blood pressure. The changes in these parameters with stress are influenced by baseline filling pressures. Larger studies are required to validate the clinical significance of these observations. (Echocardiography 2011;28:676-683)
The interactive multifunctional communication terminal

Current developments in the working/business environment and society demand quick information exchange at your fingertip. Some contradictory effects are: the ever increasing amount of information; multinational split teams at remote locations; small office/home office (SOHO); more travel, even abroad-increased cost. This situation demands for enhanced visual communication systems, preferably portable or at your office desk. Digital signal processing (DSP) technology with its high performance architectures is well suited to provide the needed horsepower for real-time audio and video processing.
Release and recovery of nitrogen from winter annual cover crops in no‐till corn production

Abstract The rate and temporal pattern of ? mineralization from decomposing residues of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were compared with the pattern of ? uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) planted under no‐tillage into these cover crops in the field. In a second field study where no corn crop was grown, the pattern of ? mineralization from killed fescue sod was compared with the pattern from killed hairy vetch plus sod. Hairy vetch was far more effective than rye in supplying corn ? requirements. In both experiments, the majority of ? mineralized during the corn growing season became available only after a period corresponding to corn silking. The results suggest poor synchronization between ? release via cover crop mineralization and corn ? uptake in the no‐till system.
Perspectives on Liver and Kidney Transplantation in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patient

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is no longer an absolute contraindication for transplantation for patients with advanced kidney and liver failure. This article reviews the outcome data in the solid organ transplantation of HIV-infected patients that led to a change in thinking by the transplant community. Several emerging issues are also reviewed, such as eligibility criteria, selection of optimal immunosuppression agents and antiretroviral therapy in this population, and management of coinfection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C after transplant.
Heritage Formulation in Overtly Politicized Environments: A Commentary

Archaeology undertaken in overtly politicized environments creates situations and data that archaeologists are not positioned to control either in the moment or in perpetuity. This commentary examines the five diverse, revealing case studies that appear Archaeologies 2.2 and 3.1 and identifies the underlying dynamics that can create both an ethical burden for archaeologists and potentially charged, even dangerous, situations for others. These include archaeological heritage management demands and failures; contrary heritage valuation; restriction of associations with potential heritage resources; balancing archaeological research goals against local economic, political and social aspirations; and the complex trans-border reality of archaeologically identified societies that complicates heritage deployment in modern contexts. Whether or not activist engagement or outcomes are part of our practice or intention, there is no such thing as a value-free archaeological outcome.
The CY Domain of the FcγRIa α-Chain (CD64) Alters γ-Chain Tyrosine-based Signaling and Phagocytosis

Although the cytoplasmic domain of the human FcγRIa α-chain lacks tyrosine-based phosphorylation motifs, it modulates receptor cycling and receptor-specific cytokine production. The cytoplasmic domain of FcγRIa is constitutively phosphorylated, and the inhibition of dephosphorylation with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of type 1 and type 2A protein serine/threonine phosphatase, inhibits both receptor-induced activation of the early tyrosine phosphorylation cascade and receptor-specific phagocytosis. To explore the basis for these effects of the cytoplasmic domain of FcγRIa, we developed a series of human FcγRIa molecular variants, expressed in the murine macrophage cell line P388D1, and demonstrate that serine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain is an important regulatory mechanism. Truncation of the cytoplasmic domain and mutation of the cytoplasmic domain serine residues to alanine abolish the okadaic acid inhibition of phagocytic function. In contrast, the serine mutants did not recapitulate the selective effects of cytoplasmic domain truncation on cytokine production. These results demonstrate for the first time a direct functional role for serine phosphorylation in the α-chain of FcγRIa and suggest that the cytoplasmic domain of FcγRI regulates the different functional capacities of the FcγRIa-receptor complex.
A study of the ωη system produced in the reaction π−p → π+π−4γ n at 18 GeV/c

Abstract Results are presented on a study of structure in the ωη final state produced in π − p interactions at 18 GeV/ c where ω → π + π − π 0 , π 0 → 2 γ , and η → 2γ. In the extended flux tube model, the ωη decay of an isoscalar J PC = 1 −− hybrid meson is expected. The observed ωη invariant mass distribution rises rapidly from threshold but in general shows no obvious indication of resonant structure. However the result of a partial wave analysis finds both a J PC = 1 −− signal consistent with the previously observed ω(1600) and a dominant J PC = 1 +− partial wave which exhibits phase motion relative to the ω(1600). The decay ω(1600) → ωη has not been previously reported.
Evaluation of sintering effects on SiC incorporated UO2 kernels under Ar and Ar-4%H2 environments

Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) is suggested as an oxygen getter in UO2 kernels used for tristructural isotropic (TRISO) particle fuels and to prevent kernel migration during irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry analyses performed on sintered kernels verified that an internal gelation process can be used to incorporate SiC in UO2 fuel kernels. Even though the presence of UC in either argon (Ar) or Ar–4%H2 sintered samples suggested a lowering of the SiC up to 3.5–1.4 mol%, respectively, the presence of other silicon-related chemical phases indicates the preservation of silicon in the kernels during sintering process. UC formation was presumed to occur by two reactions. The first was by the reaction of SiC with its protective SiO2 oxide layer on SiC grains to produce volatile SiO and free carbon that subsequently reacted with UO2 to form UC. The second process was direct UO2 reaction with SiC grains to form SiO, CO, and UC. A slightly higher density and UC content were observed in the sample sintered in Ar–4%H2, but both atmospheres produced kernels with ∼95% of theoretical density. It is suggested that incorporating CO in the sintering gas could prevent UC formation and preserve the initial SiC content.
Comment on “Modelling nonlinear comovements between time series”

Abstract This paper comments on the multivariate GARCH modeling of federal funds and the 3-month Treasury bill rate by Kyrtsou and Vorlow.
Frozen section diagnosis in ophthalmic surgery

Frozen section diagnosis can afford the opportunity for histopathological examination of excised tissues in the operating room. Because frozen section techniques have traditionally been little used in ophthalmic surgery, many pathologists are not familiar with eye tissues. However, with cooperation and understanding between the ophthalmologist and the pathologist, frozen section diagnosis may be able to identify the tissue, the pathologic process and the extent of the lesion within 10-15 minutes. In this review, applications and problems of frozen section diagnosis in various types of ocular surgery are discussed.
Force Distributions near Jamming and Glass Transitions

We calculate the distribution of interparticle normal forces P(F) near the glass and jamming transitions in model supercooled liquids and foams, respectively. P(F) develops a peak that appears near the glass or jamming transitions, whose height increases with decreasing temperature, decreasing shear stress and increasing packing density. A similar shape of P(F) was observed in experiments on static granular packings. We propose that the appearance of this peak signals the development of a yield stress. The sensitivity of the peak to temperature, shear stress, and density lends credence to the recently proposed generalized jamming phase diagram.
Primal-Dual Characterizations of Jointly Optimal Transmission Rate and Scheme for Distributed Sources

We consider the optimal transmission of distributed correlated discrete memoryless sources across a network with capacity constraints. We present several previously undiscussed structural properties of the set of feasible rates and transmission schemes. These properties are then applied to develop a characterization of an optimal solution and its connection to the corner points of the Slepian-Wolf rate region.
Attraction to Hospitality Companies: How Processing Fluency Moderates Value Fit

The purpose of this research study was to investigate how processing fluency moderates the effect of value fit on attraction to hospitality organizations. Specifically, the study found that processing fluency moderates the relationship between value fit and attraction to an organization so that highly fluent advertisements induce higher feelings of attraction to organizations than do advertisements that are not highly fluent. This article extends the reach of the marketing-based processing fluency framework into the study of recruitment, while also suggesting that value fit may not always explain attraction to organizations. Recommendations are given to practitioners regarding how they should present information to job seekers to attract the right quantity and quality of applicants.
SU-E-T-463: Quantification of Rotational Variation in Mouse Setup for IGRT

Purpose: New small-animal irradiators include extremely precise IGRT capabilities. However, mouse immobilization and localization remains a challenge. In particular, unlike week-to-week translational displacements, rotational changes in positioning are not easily corrected for in subject setup. Using two methods of setup, we aim to quantify week-to-week rotational variation in mice for the purpose of IGRT planning in small animal studies. Methods: Ten mice were imaged weekly using breath-hold CBCT (X-RAD 225 Cx), with the mouse positioned in a half-pipe support, providing 40 scans. A second group of two mice were positioned in a 3D printed immobilization device, which was created using a CT from a similarly shaped mouse, providing 10 scans. For each mouse, the first image was taken to be the reference image. Subsequent CT images were then rigidly registered, based on bony anatomy. Rotations in the axial (roll), sagittal (pitch), and coronal (yaw) planes were recorded and used to quantify variation in angular setup. Results: For the mice imaged in the half pipe, average magnitude of roll was found to be 5.4±4.6° (range: −12.9:18.86°), of pitch 1.6±1.3° (range: −1.4:4.7°), and of yaw 1.9±1.5° (range −5.4:1.1°). For the mice imaged in the printed setup; average magnitude of roll was found to be 0.64±0.6° (range: −2.1:1.0°), of pitch 0.6±0.4° (range: 0.0:1.3°), and of yaw 0.2±0.1° (range: 0.0:0.4°). The printed setup provided reduction in roll, pitch, and yaw by 88, 62, and 90 percent, respectively. Conclusion: For the typical setup routine, roll in mouse position is the dominant source of rotational variation. However, when a printed device was used, drastic improvements in mouse immobilization were seen. This work provides a promising foundation for mouse immobilization, required for full scale small animal IGRT. Currently, we are making improvements to allo±w the use of a similar system for MR, PET, and bioluminescence.
Critical Social Theory and the Emancipation of Marketing Channels Knowledge

Over 25 years ago, Bartels (1988) deftly chronicled the history of marketing thought, reifying the inextricable linkage between distributive sciences, utility creation, and marketing practices. The earliest writings in marketing charted the physical movement of goods through the distribution system. There existed misconceptions of channel members, compelling justification of their role sets in creating efficiencies and utilities that delivered value to customers. Bartels (1988) noted that attributions of intermediaries as “parasitic” and vendors as “ruthless” coincided with widespread fallacies about marketing (p. 29). Cast against this societal mistrust, the Journal of Marketing Channels debuted. The first issue departed from the purely economic functionality that subjugated a broadened theoretical foundation for understanding distribution, embracing Alderson's call for inter-disciplinary approaches. The present effort discusses Habermas' critical social theory (CST). CST posits that the emancipatory fun...
Learning asymmetries and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities

Discovering entrepreneurial opportunities requires that individuals not only possess some form of prior knowledge, but that they also have the cognitive abilities that allow them to value and exploit that knowledge. This article builds upon and extends this line of inquiry by examining the relationship between opportunity identification and learning. Based upon an experimental task and other data collected from 380 technology professionals, the article defines a relationship between how individuals acquire and transform information and experience (i.e., learning) in order to identify opportunities. After analyzing the empirical data, the article develops the concept of learning asymmetries and explains how the manner in which people learn may affect their ability to identify entrepreneurial opportunities.
Radioimmunolocation of metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon: using a hepatoma antibody.

We have established a large library of monoclonal antibodies against a human hepatoma cell line called FOCUS. One such monoclonal antibody (SF-25) detects a 125-kilodalton cell surface antigen found on FOCUS cells. As both the liver and the colon are of endodermal origin, we examined the possibility of expression in colon adenocarcinomas. This antigen was found in all 23 colon adenocarcinoma tissues surgically obtained but was absent in the adjacent normal mucosal counterpart as determined by a direct radioimmunohistologic technique. In the present study, we have established a model for human metastatic colon adenocarcinoma using the LS 180 cell line. Athymic mice were further immunosuppressed by intravenous injection of anti-NK cell antibodies (antiasialo GM1). After 24 h, mice were injected with LS 180 cells either via the tail vein or into the spleen followed by splenectomy. Macroscopic pulmonary and lymphatic metastasis developed within 2-3 wk after injection of cells and 9 of 10 mice died with advanced metastatic disease 2-3 wk later. In addition, macroscopic hepatic metastases were evident in 4 of 5 mice 3-4 wk after intrasplenic injection. Both hepatic as well as pulmonary and lymphatic tumor spread was localized by nuclear imaging with 125I-SF-25. Furthermore, micrometastases were detected by autoradiography 5-10 days later. Monoclonal antibody SF-25 is a potential candidate for tumor localization and the experimental metastatic colon cancer animal model may be useful for treatment evaluation of monoclonal antibody SF-25 either alone or in combination with other monoclonal antibodies when conjugated to radionucleotides and chemotherapeutic agents.
Progesterone in the blood of the laying hen.

FRAPS et al. 1, using the bioassay method of Hooker and Forbes2, reported progestational activity in the peripheral blood of the hen. Layne et al. 3, using chromatographic procedures, failed to find progesterone in chicken blood although they did identify this substance in extracts of ovarian tissue. In preliminary studies in this laboratory4, chemical analysis failed to reveal progesterone in blood obtained by cardiac puncture, though the samples reacted positively to the Hooker–Forbes test.
Receptors for Androgen and Estrogen in the Rat Lung

By the use of sucrose density gradient and protamine sulfate analyses, the cytosol fraction of rat lung has been found to contain binding activities for both androgenic and estrogenic steroids. These activities are present in lungs of rats of both sexes and at all ages examined. Both activities interacted stereospecifically with, and possessed high affinity for, the respective ligand, and sedimented in the 8-9S region of low salt sucrose density gradients. The androgen-binding activity appeared to bind 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone with similar affinities, but in vitro, whole lung incubation studies demonstrated that DHT is the predominant androgen found in lung nuclei. In the immature male rat, removal of endogenous androgen by castration-adrenalectomy had no effect on DHT-binding activity in lung cytosol. In the adult, however, this procedure led to a marked cycloheximidesensitive increase in binding activity. During postnatal development in male rats, relatively constant levels of both ...
Bringing the field into the classroom: an innovative methodology in global health teaching

Abstract Background The practice of global health is difficult to teach from a US-based classroom. Students benefit from experiencing how theory becomes practice in the chaotic environments of under-resourced health programmes in developing countries. We could not take our students to the field during weekly course work, so we designed a course to bring the field to the students. We created innovative partnerships with locally based organisations that implement programmes in developing countries. Each student works with the same organisation for 4 months to resolve organisational challenges in human resource, quality, information, logistics, or financial management. Methods We sent an online survey to 150 students on completion of the course, asking students to rate the course on a 5-point Likert scale. The survey included questions in the categories of knowledge and skill development, relevance and value of materials, integration of learning, and the degree to which the course had prepared them for their career. We received 102 responses (68%) which were analysed and compared with other methods of teaching. We used Nvivo to analyse 850 bi-weekly student reflections and grounded theory was used to identify themes. Findings Students consistently ranked the course highly in all categories (mean 4·87, median 4·91, range 4·16–5·00), and scored the course significantly higher than other courses teaching similar materials in the same or in other departments. These findings were not affected by the ratings of individual teachers. Qualitative analysis showed that students reported the teaching approach as: challenging but rewarding, effective in developing new skills, and successful in drawing together all aspects of their previous learning. Students consistently identified working with organisations in Africa, Asia, or Latin America, and solving their real challenges as the most important aspect of the course. All respondents would recommend the course to other students. Informal questioning of the partner organisations indicated that the work of the students was helpful and 50–75% of products by students were implemented. Interpretation The teaching method created for this course is effective in building practical skills. Students found this method to be better than more established approaches such as case studies, classroom simulations, and discussions. Our findings suggest that to better prepare students to work in global health we should engage more closely with actual implementers and reduce reliance on lecture and case-study methodologies. Funding None.
CT of the pulmonary ligament

Most computed tomographic (CT) scans of the chest show the inferior pulmonary ligament and an associated septum in the lower lobe, although CT descriptions of these structures have not been reported. Conventional radiography of the ligament has relied on indirect signs: the position of the lower lobe in the presence of pneumothorax or pleural effusion, soft-tissue peaks along the upper surface of the diaphragm, and the rare traumatic paramediastinal pneumatocele (attributed to air in the ligament). CT clarifies the anatomic relations of the ligament and alterations caused by pleural effusion and pneumothorax. The ligament is probably responsible for some long linear shadows at the lung bases, and CT helps to distinguish these from scars, walls of bullae, and normal structures such as the phrenic nerve and the interlobar fissures.
Preemptive mechanism to prevent health data privacy leakage

Insider threats in health care systems constitute the majority of patient privacy breaches. To mitigate such insider threats many research proposals were made to develop anomaly detectors based on past behavior patterns and data mining audit trails to investigate abuses in networks and organizational settings. However such systems detect rather then prevent breaches. In this paper, we argue that current health security systems do not consider the risk level of the authorized user and lack a reward/penalty mechanism for proper data handling. We propose that building such a tool, as an add-on to an access controller, would help dissuade users from committing privacy breaches. We propose a framework for scoring user behavior regarding privacy risk by drawing concepts from psychology, anomaly detection theory and item response theory. We test our method with synthetic data and demonstrate its efficacy. The model provides improvement in information management, information access, and the training of care providers in handling patient data.