cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Space Use and Habitat Selection by Female Louisiana Black Bears in the Tensas River Basin of Louisiana

Abstract Studies of space use and habitat selection of endangered species are useful for identifying factors that influence fitness of individuals and viability of populations. However, there is a lack of published information regarding these behaviors for the federally threatened Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus). We documented space use and habitat selection for 28 female black bears in 2 subpopulations of the Tensas River Basin population in northeast Louisiana, USA. The Tensas subpopulation inhabits a relatively large (>300-km2) contiguous area of bottomland hardwood forest, whereas the Deltic subpopulation exists mainly in 2 small (<7-km2) forested patches surrounded by an agricultural matrix. Females on Deltic maintained smaller seasonal and annual home ranges than females on Tensas (all P < 0.04), except for females with cubs during spring. On Tensas, females with cubs maintained smaller home ranges than females without cubs during spring (P = 0.01), but we did not detect this differ...
PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC, AND ENERGY LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS CAN PRODUCE CONTRARY RESULTS FOR CORN USED IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION

To prepare for a carbon (C) constrained economy, crop production energy audits or life cycle analysis (LCA) must be conducted. However, energy audits may not maximize profitability. This study conducted simultaneous production, economic, and energy audits to evaluate differences among these assessments. The 2005 and 2006 South Dakota field experiment contained two nitrogen (N; 0 and 224 kg N ha−1) rates, two corn population levels (76,500 and 149,000 plants ha−1), and two simulated landscape positions (upper backslope and lower backslope). The energy inputs, outputs, and net energy gain for corn grain used in ethanol production were calculated using the Nebraska Biofuel Energy Simulator (BESS) version 2008.3.1. For LC analysis, corn grain was used in ethanol production and dry distiller's grain was used as a livestock feed. Manure was not applied to the field. A partial economic analysis to examine profitability was conducted where seed, N fertilizer, and corn values were $312 (100,000 seeds)−1, $1.25 (kg...
Mating Competitiveness of Male Japanese Beetles Sterilized with Tepa

Mating competitiveness of male popillia japonica Newman sterilized by topical applications of tepa or by dipping, was determined in laboratory tests and fieldcage tests, respectively. There were no indications that mating competitiveness in either situation was reduced by treatment with tepa.
Clinical and Hematologic Features Do Not Reliably Identify Children With Unsuspected Meningococcal Disease

Objective. To determine the frequency of unsuspected meningococcal disease (UMD) in young febrile children with meningococcal infections and evaluate whether clinical and laboratory parameters commonly used in the evaluation of fever can help identify children with UMD. Methods. We reviewed the records of children with meningococcal disease from 1985 to 1996 at four referral centers. Children who were evaluated as outpatients and then discharged to home, from whom Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures obtained during these outpatient visits, were considered to have UMD. We compared clinical and laboratory parameters between these children and 6414 febrile outpatients 3 to 36 months old with negative blood cultures enrolled in a separate study of occult bacteremia. Results. We identified 381 children with meningococcal disease, of whom 45 (12%) had UMD. Of the 45 with UMD, 37 (82%) were 3 to 36 months old. Compared with the 6414 culture-negative patients, these 37 patients with UMD were significantly younger (8.9 ± 5.4 vs 14.2 ± 8.1 months) and had significantly higher band counts (14.3 ± 11.1 vs 7.3 ± 7.5%). There were no significant differences, however, in temperature, white blood cell counts, and absolute neutrophil counts. Multivariate analysis identified young age and the band count as independent predictors of UMD. Conclusions. Children ultimately diagnosed with meningococcal disease have commonly been evaluated as outpatients and discharged to home before diagnosis. Of the hematologic parameters frequently used in the evaluation of fever, only the band count differs significantly between young febrile children with UMD and those with negative cultures. Because UMD is uncommon in young febrile pediatric outpatients, however, the predictive value of the band count is low. Thus, the complete blood count is not routinely helpful for the diagnosis of UMD.
Hereditary and Common Familial Colorectal Cancer: Evidence for Colorectal Screening

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer among men and women. Between 3 and 6% of all CRCs are attributed to well-defined inherited syndromes, including Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, MUTYH-associated polyposis and several hamartomatous conditions. Up to 30% of CRC cases exhibit common familial risk, likely related to a combination of inherited factors and environment. Identification of these patients through family history and appropriate genetic testing can provide estimates of cancer risk that inform appropriate cancer screening, surveillance and/or preventative interventions. This article examines the colon cancer syndromes, their genetic basis, clinical management and evidence supporting colorectal screening. It also deals with the category of common (non-syndromic) familial risk including risk determination and screening guidelines.
Positive and negative sense coat protein gene-mediated protection against poplar mosaic carlavirus in Nicotiana benthamiana

Summary Plants of Nicotiana benthamiana were transformed with four constructs based on the coat protein gene of a poplar mosaic carlavirus (PMV) isolate from the UK. The four constructs were: the capsid protein coding sequence plus a portion of the adjacent sequence encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 14 kDa (CP14k); the capsid protein coding sequence in the positive sense (CPP); a mutated capsid protein coding sequence (CPM) and the capsid protein coding sequence in the negative sense (CPN). Forty-one regenerated plants, after selection for their kanamycin resistance, were confirmed by PCR to contain the appropriate sequences. Virus coat protein was detected in small amounts in 50% of the plants transformed with the CP14k or CPP constructs. Primary transformants showed a range of reactions to challenge with two isolates of PMV. These varied from apparently no infection in inoculated or in later-formed young leaves, as assessed by ELISA, to typical systemic symptoms associated with large amounts of serologically detected virus. There was no correlation between the level of protection against virus infection and the observed accumulation of transgene protein product. Plants were protected whether transformed with the coat protein coding sequence in the positive or negative sense.
Do we need this blood culture

Objectives: This study describes blood culture collection rates, results, and microbiology laboratory charges for 4 leading pediatric inpatient diagnoses (asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and skin and soft tissue infection [SSTI]) in low-risk patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at an urban, academic, quaternary children’s hospital. The study period was from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 6 months to 18 years of age and primary diagnosis of asthma (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] codes 493.91–493.92), bronchiolitis (ICD-9 codes 466.11 and 466.19), SSTI (ICD-9 codes 680.00–686.99), or pneumonia (community-acquired pneumonia; ICD-9 codes 481.00–486.00). Patients with complex chronic conditions were excluded. Data were collected via administrative billing data and chart review. Descriptive statistics were performed; χ2 tests were used for categorical variables, and nonparametric tests were used for continuous variables because of non-normal distributions. Results: Administrative data review included 5159 encounters, with 1629 (32%) inpatient encounters and 3530 (68%) emergency department/outpatient encounters. Twenty-one percent (n = 343) of inpatient encounters had blood cultures performed, whereas 3% (n = 111) of emergency department/outpatient encounters had blood culture testing performed. Inpatient blood culture utilization varied according to diagnosis: asthma, 4%; bronchiolitis, 15%; pneumonia, 36%; and SSTI, 46%. Charts were reviewed for all 343 inpatients with blood culture testing. Results of all the blood cultures obtained for asthma and bronchiolitis admissions were negative, with 98% and 99% negative or false-positive (contaminant) for SSTI and community-acquired pneumonia, respectively. The approximate financial impact of blood culture utilization (according to gross microbiology laboratory charges) approximated $100 000 over the year for all 4 diagnoses. Conclusions: There was a high rate of negative or false-positive blood culture results for these common inpatient diagnoses. In addition, there was a low rate of clinically significant true-positive (pathogenic) culture results. These results identify points of potential blood culture overutilization.
AccelWord: Energy Efficient Hotword Detection through Accelerometer

Voice control has emerged as a popular method for interacting with smart-devices such as smartphones, smartwatches etc. Popular voice control applications like Siri and Google Now are already used by a large number of smartphone and tablet users. A major challenge in designing a voice control application is that it requires continuous monitoring of user?s voice input through the microphone. Such applications utilize hotwords such as "Okay Google" or "Hi Galaxy" allowing them to distinguish user?s voice command and her other conversations. A voice control application has to continuously listen for hotwords which significantly increases the energy consumption of the smart-devices. To address this energy efficiency problem of voice control, we present AccelWord in this paper. AccelWord is based on the empirical evidence that accelerometer sensors found in today?s mobile devices are sensitive to user?s voice. We also demonstrate that the effect of user?s voice on accelerometer data is rich enough so that it can be used to detect the hotwords spoken by the user. To achieve the goal of low energy cost but high detection accuracy, we combat multiple challenges, e.g. how to extract unique signatures of user?s speaking hotwords only from accelerometer data and how to reduce the interference caused by user?s mobility. We finally implement AccelWord as a standalone application running on Android devices. Comprehensive tests show AccelWord has hotword detection accuracy of 85% in static scenarios and 80% in mobile scenarios. Compared to the microphone based hotword detection applications such as Google Now and Samsung S Voice, AccelWord is 2 times more energy efficient while achieving the accuracy of 98% and 92% in static and mobile scenarios respectively.
Spatiotemporal annotation graph (STAG): a data model for composite digital objects

In this demonstration, we present a database over complex documents, which, in addition to a structured text content, also has update information, annotations, and embedded objects. We propose a new data model called spatiotemporal annotation graphs (STAG) for a database of composite digital objects and present a system that shows a query language to efficiently and effectively query such database. The particular application to be demonstrated is a database over annotated MS Word and PowerPoint presentations with embedded multimedia objects.
The Patient with Multiple Problems

The case presented here illustrates two points. First, although the controlled outcome studies of cognitive therapy for depression (e.g., Rush, Beck, Kovacs, & Hollon, 1977) focus solely on depressive symptoms, depressed patients typically have many problems. This patient had several, and treatment addressed them all. Second, the case formulation—the therapist’s hypothesis about the patient’s central dysfunctional attitudes—helped the therapist focus the treatment on central issues, no matter what problem was being worked on.
A Clinical Perspective of Venous Thromboembolism

A large number of individuals develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) every year.1 Each patient’s episode of DVT or PE is, naturally, unique. To highlight a variety of aspects about VTE a compilation case is presented that is composed of clinical data and images from several real patients. ### History of Present Illness A 36-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department with severe shortness of breath and moderately intense anterior chest pain, worse on deep inspiration, which had started suddenly that morning. She also reports a 6-wk history of mild shortness of breath, for which she had been seen 4 wk earlier by her primary care physician who diagnosed her with “asthma.” Bronchodilators and steroids were prescribed but led to no significant improvement in her symptoms. She also gives a history of mild left calf pain that had started about 2 months earlier without preceding trauma, immobilization, or surgery. Her primary care physician had seen her and prescribed Ibuprofen for a “pulled muscle.” However, in the 1 week before her present presentation her leg symptoms worsened, and she had increased diffuse leg pain and swelling and slightly bluish discoloration of the whole leg. Her past medical history is only significant for an appendectomy at age 16. She has never been pregnant. She is on no medications, except for an estrogen and progestin-containing oral contraceptive, started 10 months earlier. She does not smoke. There is no family history of venous thromboembolism, although the patient reports that her paternal grandmother had a “swollen leg for many years” until she died in her 70’s, but no further details are known of the patient. ### Physical Examination The patient’s weight is 86 kg and her height 165 cm, calculating to a body mass index (weight divided by [height in meters]2) of 31.6 kg/m2, ie, she has grade 1 obesity. Her …
The ALLTEL Pavilion Case: Strategy and CVP Analysis

The ALLTEL Pavilion case is intended for the undergraduate management accounting or cost accounting course and the M.B.A. management accounting course. It provides an excellent context in which to examine strategic issues in using cost volume profit (CVP) in a service business. Based on an actual entertainment pavilion, the case develops many factors unique to a service business and illustrates how pavilion management can use CVP analysis to determine which artists to attract and what kinds of contracts to have with these performers. The Pavilion has two types of customers (paying ticket holders and free ticket holders) and earns profits from three types of revenues (ticket revenues, concession revenues, and parking fees). The case requires you to identify the best strategy for different types of artists, conduct cost‐volume‐profit analyses, consider the strategic issues related to operating leverage and how this affects the choice of performer and contract, and assess pricing strategies.
Lattice parameters and thermal expansion of GaN

Neutron powder diffraction methods with Rietveld analysis are utilized to determine GaN lattice parameters from 15 to 298.1 K. Using these measurements and literature data, we calculated the thermal expansion of gallium nitride (GaN) and predicted its higher temperature thermal expansion. The results are compared with available experimental data and earlier work.
Dielectric GlueWafer Bonding For 3D ICs

A process to bond 200 mm wafers for wafer-level three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) applications is discussed. Four-point bending is used to quantify the bonding strength and identify the weak interface. Using benzocylcobutene (BCB) glue, the bonding strength depends on (1) glue thickness, (2) glue film preparation, and (3) materials and structures on the wafer(s). A seamless BCB-to-BCB bond interface provides the highest bonding strength compared to other interfaces in these structures (> 34 J/m2). Mechanical and electrical properties of a wafer with copper interconnect structures are preserved after wafer bonding and wafer thinning, confirming the potential of the bonding process for 3D ICs.
FRESHWATER TURTLE ASSEMBLAGES IN CENTRAL OKLAHOMA FARM PONDS

Abstract Turtle assemblages in Oklahoma are potentially interesting because the species pool is a mixture of eastern and western species, several of which are approaching their longitudinal geographic range boundaries in Oklahoma. From 1996 to 2002, we captured 1,940 turtles in 12 assemblages in central Oklahoma. Pond area ranged from 0.04 to 26.1 ha. Species composition was a mixture of 2 ubiquitous and 3 rare species. Trachemys scripta and Chelydra serpentina occurred in 11 and 10 assemblages, respectively. The rare species included Pseudemys concinna (4 assemblages), Kinosternon flavescens (3), and Apalone spinifera (1). In ponds with multiple species, T. scripta was always the most abundant species (mean ± SD percentage of individuals captured = 80.0 ± 27.4%) and C. serpentina was always the second most abundant (18.5 ± 27.7%). Population density and biomass of T. scripta and C. serpentina varied an order of magnitude and approached maximum published values.
The Same But Different

Isomorphous difference methods allow rapid and detailed visualization of localized changes in macromolecular structures, whether as a result of mutation or the binding of ligands. Practical aspects of isomorphous methods and differential crystallography are presented, particularly in their application to the phasing of new structures by multiple isomorphous replacement and the detection and characterization of ligand binding. Techniques for maintaining isomorphism between crystals to maximize the differential signal are covered, as are the computational steps involved in generating difference electron density maps. Frontier applications such as determining single-site ligand-binding affinities crystallographically, high-throughput screening of combinatorial compound libraries, in crystallo competition assays, and inferring protein function via exogenous ligand-binding screens are discussed.
An aquaporin-like protein from the ovaries and gut of American dog tick (Acari: Ixodidae).

A cDNA encoding a putative aquaporin was cloned from the ovaries of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae). The encoded protein is most similar to the vertebrate aquaporin 9 protein family. Localization by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows expression in the gut and ovaries of adult females but not in the synganglion, Malpighian tubules, or salivary glands. Quantitative RT-PCR indicates that it is primarily expressed in the ovaries, with ≈146 times more transcript than in the gut. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the aquaporin-like protein localized to the plasma membrane.
Carbon Displacement-Induced Single Carbon Atomic Chain Formation and its Effects on Sliding of SiC Fibers in SiC/graphene/SiC Composite

Understanding radiation effects on the mechanical properties of SiC composites is important to their application in advanced reactor designs. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we found that due to strong interface bonding between the graphene layers and SiC, the sliding friction of SiC fibers is largely determined by the frictional behavior between graphene layers. Upon sliding, carbon displacements between graphene layers can act as seed atoms to induce the formation of single carbon atomic chains (SCACs) by pulling carbon atoms from the neighboring graphene planes. The formation, growth, and breaking of SCACs determine the frictional response to irradiation.
Comment on "Intense superradiant x rays from a compact source using a nanocathode array and emittance exchange".

A Comment on the Letter by W. S. Graves et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 263904 (2012).. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Concerning Certain Linear Transformation Apparatus of Cryptography

(1931). Concerning Certain Linear Transformation Apparatus of Cryptography. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 135-154.
Fatigue, Sleepiness and Sleep Issues in Patients with Dystonia (P01.224)

Objective: To determine the prevalence of fatigue, excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) and sleep issues in patients with dystonia and examine its impact on quality of life (QOL). Background Dystonia is a movement disorder that is primarily described by its motor manifestations but is also associated with several non-motor symptoms. Prior research suggests tiredness and energy as important determinants of QOL independent of mood. However, there is a lack of specific data on fatigue, EDS and sleep disorders in dystonia determined using standardized questionnaires. Design/Methods: We administered the following scales to ninety-one patients with primary and secondary dystonia followed at a Movement Disorders clinic: the Fatigue Severity Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Parkinson9s Disease Sleep Scale to measure fatigue, EDS and sleep issues respectively; Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire to measure QOL, Beck Depression Inventory for depression, and the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale to assess dystonia severity. Results: The mean age of the patients was 60 +/- 17 years, mean duration of dystonia was 7.5 +/- 8 years and dystonia types were focal (74%), segmental (21%) and generalized (5%). Patients with dystonia showed high rates of clinically significant fatigue (46%), EDS (27%) and sleep issues (26%). These prevalence rates did not vary significantly based upon dystonia type, dystonia severity or body parts affected. Depression showed strong correlations with fatigue (r = +0.47, p = 0.0003), EDS (r = +0.35, p = 0.003) and sleep issues (r = -0.40, p = 0.0007). While EDS, sleep issues and fatigue were all associated with reduced QOL, only fatigue remained correlated with QOL when controlling for depression (p = 0.04). Conclusions: This study demonstrates fatigue, EDS and sleep issues are common non-motor manifestations of dystonia that are associated with depression and adversely impact QOL. However amongst the three factors, fatigue affects QOL independent of depression. Disclosure: Dr. Heese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wagle-Shukla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Okun has received personal compensation for activities with National Parkinson Foundation, Ask the Expert, and Neuropace Devices. Dr. Okun has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Parkinson Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Kluger has received research support from Teva Neuroscience.
Uncertainty Evaluation of Calibration Result for Second Grade Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer

In the calibration process of second grade standard platinum resistance thermometer’s fixed point,the measure results will be affected by standard equipment,fixed point container and bridge for measuring temperature.This paper analyzes the impacts of these factors on uncertainty evaluation of calibration result.Based on the technical specification of ‘Uncertainty Evaluation and Expression of Measuring’ published in 1999,a new uncertainty evaluation method is proposed to assess the calibration results of Second Grade Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer’s triple point of water,freezing point of zinc and freezing point of tin.
First Annual Workshop on Massive Open Online Courses

The moocshop will survey the rapidly expanding ecosystem of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). We will foster a cross-institutional and cross-platform dialogue in order to articulate and synthesize the plurality of challenges that arise when evaluating and designing MOOCs. While the forms and functions of MOOCs are currently evolving, we aim to develop a shared foundation for an interdisciplinary field of inquiry moving forward. Researchers, technologists, and course designers from universities and multiple platforms will share their approaches and perspectives on key topics, including analytics and data mining, assessment, pedagogy, platform design, data standards, and privacy for open datasets.
Improving the performance of milling of titanium alloys using the atomization-based cutting fluid application system

Abstract The research presented in this paper investigates the effectiveness of the atomization-based cutting fluid (ACF) spray system in end-milling of titanium alloy, Ti–6Al–4V. To that end, the study has been conducted in two phases. In the first phase, experiments have been carried out to select suitable spray parameters. A numerical model of the ACF spray system has also been developed to gain a physics-based understanding of the cutting fluid film formation on a rotating tool surface and its role in providing cooling and lubrication at the cutting interface. In the second phase, experiments have been conducted to compare the machinability of titanium for different cutting fluid application methods, viz., dry cutting, flood cooling and ACF spray system, on the basis of five machinability parameters, including, tool life, tool wear, cutting forces, surface roughness and chip morphology. Experimental results show that the application of the ACF spray system results in uniform tool flank wear, lower cutting forces and higher surface finish and the tool life extends up to 75% over flood cooling. Additionally, chip morphology analysis reveals that using ACF spray system leads to the formation of shorter and thinner chips, as compared to those when flood cooling is used.
Ethylene Regulates the Physiology of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 via an Ethylene Receptor

Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. The ethylene receptors in plants are well studied, and it is generally assumed that they are found only in plants. In a search of sequenced genomes, we found that many bacterial species contain putative ethylene receptors. Plants acquired many proteins from cyanobacteria as a result of the endosymbiotic event that led to chloroplasts. We provide data that the cyanobacterium Synechocystis (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) has a functional receptor for ethylene, Synechocystis Ethylene Response1 (SynEtr1). We first show that SynEtr1 directly binds ethylene. Second, we demonstrate that application of ethylene to Synechocystis cells or disruption of the SynEtr1 gene affects several processes, including phototaxis, type IV pilus biosynthesis, photosystem II levels, biofilm formation, and spontaneous cell sedimentation. Our data suggest a model where SynEtr1 inhibits downstream signaling and ethylene inhibits SynEtr1. This is similar to the inverse-agonist model of ethylene receptor signaling proposed for plants and suggests a conservation of structure and function that possibly originated over 1 billion years ago. Prior research showed that SynEtr1 also contains a light-responsive phytochrome-like domain. Thus, SynEtr1 is a bifunctional receptor that mediates responses to both light and ethylene. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a functional ethylene receptor in a nonplant species and suggests that that the perception of ethylene is more widespread than previously thought.
Trends in Hospitalizations for Intussusception in California in Relationship to the Introduction of New Rotavirus Vaccines, 1985-2010.

Background:The new rotavirus vaccines RV5 and RV1 have been associated with small increase in intussusception risk in active vaccine surveillance studies. It is unclear what the impact might be on the overall trends of intussusception hospitalizations at a large population basis.Methods:We conducted
The Readmission Event after Vascular Surgery: Causes and Costs

Background The study evaluates the readmission diagnoses after vascular surgical interventions and the associated hospital costs. Methods Patients readmitted after undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS), carotid endarterectomy (CEA), infrarenal endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OAAA), suprainguinal revascularization (SUPRA), or infrainguinal revascularization (INFRA) between January 1, 2008 and October 20, 2013 at a single academic institution were retrospectively identified. Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative event variables were obtained by chart review. The diagnoses and the costs of the readmission event were obtained by chart review and from hospital financial data. Readmission indications were grouped as unrelated or planned readmissions, procedure-specific complications, wound complications, cardiac causes, and other. Univariate analyses of categorical variables were performed with χ 2 or Fisher exact test where appropriate. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results A total of 1,170 patient records were identified. Thirty-day readmission occurred in 112 patients (9.6%). The readmission rate was significantly different between groups: 4.5% in CAS ( n = 8/177), 8.5% in CEA (21/246), 5.8% in EVAR (18/312), 11.4% in OAAA (4/35), 15.6% in INFRA (33/212), 13.5% in SUPRA (24/178), and 40% in combined SUPRA and INFRA (4/10) ( P P Conclusions Readmissions after vascular procedures are associated with high cost and hospital bed utilization. Wound complications continue to be the dominant readmission etiology. The characterization of these costs and risk factors in this study can allow for resource allocation to minimize preventable related readmissions. A significant proportion of readmissions after vascular interventions are planned or unrelated, which should be taken into consideration in metric benchmarking and performance comparisons.
Criminal justice agencies VS. Type a marketers of stolen property

Type A fences are dealers in stolen property that operate legitimate-appearing businesses. They handle only stolen goods that are compatible with their legitimate specialized product lines. Law enforcement agencies should implement special “fence management” programs to deal with these fences more effectively.
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope: Projected near-Earth object discovery performance

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is a large-aperture, wide-field survey that has the potential to detect millions of asteroids. LSST is under construction with survey operations slated to begin in 2022. We describe an independent study to assess the performance of LSST for detecting and cataloging near-Earth objects (NEOs). A significant component of the study will be to assess the survey's ability to link observations of a single object from among the large numbers of false detections and detections of other objects. We also will explore the survey's basic performance in terms of fraction of NEOs discovered and cataloged, both for the planned baseline survey, but also for enhanced surveys that are more carefully tuned for NEO search, generally at the expense of other science drivers. Preliminary results indicate that with successful linkage under the current baseline survey LSST would discover ∼60% of NEOs with absolute magnitude H < 22, which corresponds approximately to 140 m diameter.
Successful Aging Through Successful Accommodation With Assistive Devices

Objectives To provide a profile of older adults who successfully accommodate declines in capacity by using assistive devices. Method Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we provide national estimates of prevalent, incident, and persistent successful accommodation of mobility and self-care activity limitations. For incident and persistent accommodation groups, we describe their subjective wellbeing and participation restrictions, health and functioning, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and acquisition of assistive devices and environmental features. We estimate regression models predicting incident and persistent successful accommodation and the extent of wellbeing and participation restrictions for incident and persistent groups (vs. those who are fully able). Results Nearly one-quarter of older adults have put in place accommodations that allow them to carry out daily activities with no assistance or difficulty. In adjusted models, incident and persistent successful accommodation is more common for those ages 80-89, those with more children, and those living in homes with environmental features already installed; wellbeing levels for these groups are similar and participation restrictions only slightly below those who are fully able. Discussion A focus on facilitating successful accommodation among those who experience declines in capacity may be an effective means of promoting participation and wellbeing in later life.
Heat Treatment Optimization and Fabrication of a 440C Stainless Steel Knife

There is ample evidence in the literature that the austenitization temperature and a post-quench liquid nitrogen soak play a significant role in the hardness/strength of martensitic stainless steels typically used in the fabrication of knives. However, there is a lack of quantitative data documenting the role these parameters have on the microstructure of these steels. A systematic study quantifies the volume fraction and composition of the microstructural constituents and hardness of 440C as a function of austenitization temperature and liquid nitrogen soak. Chromium carbide composition is independent of austenitization temperature. However, composition of the martensite matrix, and volume fractions of tempered martensite and carbides change with austenitization temperature. The liquid nitrogen soak is effective only at high temperatures that result in retained austenite. The results are used to rationalize and select an optimum heat-treat process for a knife fabricated in anticipation of the 2017 TMS Bladesmithing competition.
Community Privilege and Environmental Justice: An Agent‐Based Analysis

Several theories compete to explain observed race- and ethnicity-based environmental injustice in society. This paper focuses on analyzing the extent to which firms' siting decisions based on community privilege can explain this outcome. A unique feature of this analysis is that we include analysis of both unwanted land uses (disamenity firms) and desired land uses (amenity firms). The environmental justice analysis of amenities other than green spaces is rare, but amenities are crucial components of urban areas to which environmental justice studies must attend. We use an agent-based model to explore community outcomes when environmental disamenities choose locations based on low community privilege, and compare this with scenarios in which disamenities only seek to minimize the cost of land. We also assess differences in environmental justice outcomes when amenities choose locations in areas with high community privilege. While disamenities' focus on locating in areas with low community privilege indeed affects environmental equity, the effect of amenity location is also important, and there are powerful interaction effects. The importance of privilege-based location is found in these simulations regardless of which social group—majority or minority—is assumed to be the privileged group. This study suggests a limitation of EJ policies and models that focus on the politics of disamenity siting without considering the politics of amenity siting.
Language: Speed Dating

Work of Saussure on semiotics is discussed, with a focus on signs and on differential nature of concepts. Peter Farb’s work on language is explained, and rules behind language use are mentioned. Ideas by linguist Francisco Yus about gaps in conversations are offered.
Annotating the Clinical Text – MiPACQ, ShARe, SHARPn and THYME Corpora

In this chapter, we present several resources for linguistic and domain annotations over de-identified clinical narrative text. Clinical narrative is the free-text within the Electronic Medical Records that is generated by physicians at the point of care to describe the patient-provider encounter, tissue or image. These annotated gold resources enable the development of state-of-the-art computational methods for processing health-related text with a view towards downstream applications.
Distributed Privacy-Protecting Routing in DTN: Concealing the Information Indispensable in Routing

In state-of-the-art Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) routing algorithms, two encountering nodes rely on routing utilities (e.g., probabilities of meeting other nodes) to decide the better carrier (defined forwarder) for their packets. As the utilities and forwarder information reflect user privacy, nodes may be reluctant to disclose such information, which however is indispensable in routing. To handle this challenge, we propose two distributed strategies to protect the aforementioned private information in utility-based DTN routing algorithms while still guarantying the correctness of packet forwarding, namely meeting Relationship Anonymity (ReHider) and Forwarder Anonymity (FwHider). ReHider anonymizes routing utilities between two encountered nodes, while FwHider additionally hides the forwarder information among the group of encountered nodes on top of the routing utility anonymity. We also present enhanced versions of the two strategies that can better prevent certain malicious behaviors such as probing attack and brute-force attack. The proposed strategies are distributed without the need of a central authority for authentication or key management. They can be applied to any utility-based DTN routing algorithms. Extensive analysis, trace-driven simulation, and smartphone based test demonstrate the effectiveness and energy efficiency of the proposed strategies.
Phenotypes and Characterization of COPD: A Pulmonary Rehabilitation Perspective

Phenotyping and the characterization of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently an active area of interest. The perspectives gleaned from evaluating COPD in the context of exercise lend new insights into this endeavor. Pulmonary rehabilitation centers are uniquely positioned to generate such clinical observations and have enhanced an understanding of the disease processes that are involved in COPD. This review and commentary discusses the various patterns of exercise intolerance and characterizes COPD from the perspectives of clinicians caring for persons with COPD.
Nature and Management of Soilborne Fungal Diseases of Soybean

Soilborne fungal diseases of soybeans fall into two catagories: seedling diseases and mid- to late-season diseases. Environmental conditions and cultivar susceptibility play critical roles in disease development, particullaly soil temperature and moisture. Other factors that may be important are fertility, herbicide use, and other pathogens, especially nematodes. Control of these diseases may involve: altering the environment through planting date, tillage, drainage, or soil fertilization; reducing the pathogen population by crop rotation or tillage; or protecting the plant through resistance or by fungicides. Optimum control usually involves the integrated use of several control measures.
Frequency of Food Insecurity and Associated Health Outcomes in Pediatric Patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center.

Food insecurity (FI) has been recognized as a public challenge not only for developing countries but also for the U.S. population. The present study was designed to identify the prevalence of FI and the association of household FI with the health status of pediatric patients seen at a Federally Qualified Health Center in New Jersey which provides health care mainly for Latino patients. Patients were included if they were screened for FI at their well visits during a 4-month period following implementation of the 2-item screening tool recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics. We compared demographic and morbidity data of children with FI to those living in food-secure households. The results are presented as the distribution of frequency (%) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). FI was detected in 15.8% (95% CI 14.2–17.5%) of 486 studied children. We recorded higher rates of anemia (10.4 vs. 3.2%, p < 0.005), hypercholesterolemia (10.4 vs. 3.4%, p < 0.01), and any morbidity (24.7 vs. 9.3%, p < 0.02) in children living in FI households. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an association of household FI with at least one recorded morbidity independent of the patient’s age, gender, and body mass index (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.31–2.43). No one was diagnosed with diabetes, and only a few with asthma and hypertension. We have concluded that living in households with FI increased the risk for unfavorable health outcomes in a predominantly economically disadvantage community of children within the U.S. population.
Child injuries in Ethiopia: A review of the current situation with projections.

Background Heavy burden of child injuries and lack of policy response in Ethiopia call for an improved understanding of the situation and development of action plans from multiple governmental agencies and stakeholders. Methods A consortium of international and Ethiopian researchers and stakeholders used extensive literature review and mixed analytical methods to estimate and project the burden of fatal and non-fatal child unintentional injuries in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2030. Estimates were derived for children aged 0–14 years. Data sources include a longitudinal study conducted by the Central Statistics Agency of Ethiopia and the World Bank as well as model-based estimates from World Health Organization 2017 and Global Burden of Disease 2016 project. Results Injuries caused about 25 thousand deaths among 0-14-year olds in Ethiopia in 2015. The leading cause of fatal child unintentional injuries in Ethiopia was road-traffic injuries, followed by fire, heat and hot substances and drowning. The death rate due to injuries among 0–14 years olds was about 50 percent higher in males than females. Rural children were exposed to a greater risk of injury than their urban peers. The longitudinal survey suggests that the incidence rate of child injuries increased during the period 2011–2014. The annual mortality caused by injuries is projected to increase from 10,697 in 2015 to 11,279 in 2020 and 11,989 in 2030 among children under 5 years, an increase of 12 percentage points in 15 years. The number of deaths among 0-14-year olds will be 26,463, 27,807, and 30,364 respectively in 2015, 2020, and 2030. Conclusions As the first multisectoral collaboration on child injuries in Ethiopia, this study identified gaps in understanding of the burden of child injuries in Ethiopia. In consultation with Ethiopian government and other stakeholders, we propose starting an injury surveillance system at health clinics and hospitals and building an intervention package based on existing platforms.
Point-set topology in ℝ n

In any mathematical study, the first thing to do is specify the type or category of objects to be investigated. In topology, the most general possible objects of study are sets of points with just enough structure to be able to define continuous functions. This, however, leads to a far more abstract study than is our purpose. We will, in this chapter, restrict our attention to subsets of real n-space, ℝ n , with all the natural structure to which we are accustomed. This provides a class of objects with structure simple enough to be amenable to study while sufficiently rich in possibilities. Point-set topology is rather like looking at these sets of points under a microscope and identifying characteristics visible in that context. As in the beginning of any study, a great number of definitions, notation, and examples must be absorbed before proceeding. This pattern is rather like that commonly followed in calculus classes, where it is necessary to thoroughly understand limits and local behavior before proceeding to differentiation and integration. By basing everything firmly on the structure of euclidean space, many of the intricacies of general point-set topology can be avoided, but I have tried not to go so far in that direction as to give proper mathematicians the horrors. A number of simple proofs are included in the exercises.
THE METHODS OF MAKING GeSi ALLOYS, THEIR PROPERTIES AND THEIR USE IN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS

ABSTRACT The figure of merit a2 σ/λ A of thermoelectric materials is principally determined by a low thermal conductivity. The relationships between these three main parameters a, σ and λ are shown, the decisive factor here being the thermal conductivity. The production of homogeneous alloys of germanium and silicon is difficult. A survey is given of the known production procedures and data on the subsequently obtained materials. Special emphasis is given to the production of GeSi for application in thermoelectric generators, with respect to desposition, the Wacker process, sintering and zone-levelling. The phenomenon of alloy scattering determines principally the extent to which the thermal conductivity in GeSi can be reduced. An account is given of the additional influence of the phonon scattering at impurities and at grain boundaries. Phonon-electron scattering is also considered. Information is presented concerning measurements on materials produced by the different methods. The influence of several dopants on the thermal conductivity is also considered. The efficiency of GeSi and of other substances is compared at different temperatures. The advantages and possible applications of GeSi for thermogenerators are specified; segmented elements are dealt with in brief.
Mechanism of Action of FSH and LH Releasing Factors

The mechanism of action of the hypothalamic releasing factors has been a subject of intense study during the past three years. For such studies, either crude hypothalamic or stalk-median eminence extracts or more purified releasing factors have been employed. Pure releasing factors for the pituitary gonadotropins, FSH and LH, in which we are interested, have not as yet been isolated, and indeed there is some question whether separate releasing factors exist (see, for example, White [l]).
Abstract P325: High-Fat Feeding Does not Alter the Sparse Sympathetic Nerve Density in Mesenteric Resistance Artery Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Chemical signals from perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) modulate the structure and function of blood vessels. This may be partially under sympathetic neural control, however, little is known about...
Using simulated data to investigate the spatial patterns of obesity prevalence at the census tract level in metropolitan Detroit

Abstract Obesity is a serious public health problem in the United States. It is important to estimate obesity prevalence at the local level to target programmatic and policy interventions. It is challenging, however, to obtain local estimates of obesity prevalence because national health surveys such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are not designed to produce direct estimates at the local levels (e.g. census tracts) due to small population samples and the need to preserve individual confidentiality. In this study we address the problem of estimating local obesity prevalence rates by implementing a spatial microsimulation modeling technique to proportionally replicate the demographic characteristics of BRFSS respondents to census tract populations in metropolitan Detroit. Obesity prevalence rates are examined for high and low spatial clusters and studied in relation to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) measures of low-income neighborhoods and local food deserts and CDC's measure of healthy and less healthy food environments currently used to target obesity reduction initiatives. This study found that obesity prevalence was largely clustered in the City of Detroit extending north into contiguous suburbs. The spatial patterns of highest obesity prevalence tracts were most similarly aligned with USDA-defined low-income tracts and CDC's less healthy food tracts. The locations of USDA's food desert tracts rarely overlapped with the highest obesity prevalence tracts. This study demonstrated a new methodology by which to assess local areas in need of future obesity interventions.