cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MM Quadruply Bonded Complexes Supported by Vinylbenzoate Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Properties and Application as Synthons.

From the reactions between M2(TiPB)4 compounds and meta and para-vinylbenzoic acids (2 equiv.) in toluene at room temperature the compounds trans-M2(TiPB)2L2, where L = m-vinylbenzoate 1A (M = Mo) and 1B (M = W) and TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate, and where L = p-vinylbenzoate 2A (M = Mo) and 2B (M = W) have been isolated. Compounds 1A and 2A have been shown to undergo Heck carbon–carbon coupling reactions with phenyliodide to produce trans-Mo2(TiPB)2(O2CC6H4-m-CHCH–C6H5)2, 3A and trans-Mo2(TiPB)2(O2CC6H4-p-CHCH–C6H5)2, 4A. The molybdenum compounds 1A and 2A have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. All the new compounds have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR, UV-visible absorption and emission spectroscopy, high resolution MALDI-TOF MS, fs- and ns-transient absorption spectroscopy and fs-time-resolved IR spectroscopy. Electronic structure calculations employing density functional theory, DFT, and time-dependent DFT have been employed to aid in the interpretation of spectral data. All compounds show intense absorptions in the visible region corresponding to M2δ to Lπ* charge transfer transitions. The lifetimes of the 1MLCT state fall in the range of 1–10 ps and for the molybdenum complexes the T1 states are 3δδ* with lifetimes ∼50 μs while for the tungsten complexes the T1 are 3MLCT with lifetimes in the range of 3–10 ns.
Linking the Legislative Process to the Consequences of Realigning California's Public Mental Health System.

In 1991, California transferred significant responsibility, resources, and accountability for public mental health from the state to its 58 counties. Using purposeful sampling, we conducted in-depth interviews with ten senior state and county leaders to gain insights into the relatively uncharted area of their understanding of this legislation’s intent, development, and long-term consequences. While realignment secured funding for the system and provided incentives and flexibility for counties to move toward providing more community-based care, the decision to base realignment allocations on counties’ historical spending along with minimal payments to address differences helped to institutionalize spending disparities. Results of this study can inform how we develop and implement decentralization policies.
Plasminogen interaction with platelets: the importance of carboxyterminal lysines.

Abstract Introduction Thrombin stimulation enhances plasminogen binding to platelets and promotes platelet-dependent plasmin generation. The objective of this study was to determine whether carboxyterminal lysines (C-lysines) are important for these processes, as they are in other cell types. Materials and methods 125I-plasminogen and varying concentrations of unlabeled plasminogen were added to washed platelets that were either resting or stimulated with thrombin, thrombin receptor activating peptide, or ADP. In some experiments the platelets were digested with carboxypeptidase B to remove C-lysines. Platelet-dependent plasmin generation was also studied by adding plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator to platelet suspensions and monitoring the conversion of a plasmin specific chromogenic substrate. The cells were either resting or stimulated with thrombin, thrombin receptor activating peptide, or ADP. The effect of the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin and the plasmin inhibitor aprotinin on plasminogen binding and the appearance of C-lysines was also investigated. Results Thrombin, but not thrombin receptor activating peptide or ADP, stimulated high-affinity binding of plasminogen and greatly promoted platelet-dependent plasmin generation. Digestion with carboxypeptidase B eliminated thrombin-induced high-affinity binding and reduced thrombin-induced plasmin generation by increasing the Michaelis constant. Lepirudin, but not aprotinin, inhibited thrombin-stimulated plasminogen binding to platelets. Conclusion C-terminal lysines are necessary for high-affinity binding of plasminogen to platelets and for platelet-supported plasmin generation. The origin of the C-lysines is not clear, but they may result from a direct effect of thrombin, rather than an intermediate enzyme such as plasmin.
Validation study of the USDA's Data Quality Evaluation System

Abstract The Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of USDA conducted a validation study of the USDA Data Quality Evaluation System (DQES). The system evaluates the quality of analytical data on nutrients by rating important documentation concerning the analytical method, analytical quality control, number of samples, sampling plan, and sample handling and creates a “Quality Index” (QI) and “confidence code” (CC) for each nutrient and food. Objectives of the study were: (1) to measure the variability of ratings assigned by different evaluators, (2) to assess the objectivity of the “critical” questions of the DQES categories and (3) to test the robustness of the rating scale. Out of 39 individuals who participated in the International Postgraduate Course for Food Composition and four nutritionists from NDL, 37 completed the evaluation of a research article containing analytical data on vitamin K in lettuce, 25 evaluated an article containing data on catechin in black grapes, and 16 evaluated an article containing data on riboflavin in portabella mushrooms using the DQES. The various rating scores assigned by the participants were analyzed to assess the success of above objectives. The maximum score for each category was 20. There was a greater variation among individuals in the ratings for “number of samples” and “analytical quality control” categories than the other three categories. Overall seventy five percent of the participants assigned a confidence code of “C” to the vitamin K in lettuce, while 70% and 100% assigned confidence codes of “B” and “C” to catechin in black grapes and riboflavin in mushrooms, respectively. The wide range of scores on individual categories by first time evaluators emphasizes the importance of training for evaluators who score analytical values for inclusion in a food composition database. Clear documentation by the authors and training for evaluators to understand basic concepts related to data quality evaluation will be helpful. Future work will assess the assignment of equal rating points for all the categories. Modifications in “sampling plan” category to accommodate country and population size are necessary. The USDA Data Quality Evaluation System represents one of the first efforts to standardize and harmonize the evaluation of analytical data quality across the international food composition network.
GPR105 Ablation Prevents Inflammation and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

GPR105, a G protein-coupled receptor for UDP-glucose, is highly expressed in several human tissues and participates in the innate immune response. Because inflammation has been implicated as a key initial trigger for type 2 diabetes, we hypothesized that GPR105 (official gene name: P2RY14) might play a role in the initiation of inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. To this end, we investigated glucose metabolism in GPR105 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We also examined whether GPR105 regulates macrophage recruitment to liver or adipose tissues by in vivo monocyte tracking and in vitro chemotaxis experiments, followed by transplantation of bone marrow from either KO or WT donors to WT recipients. Our data show that genetic deletion of GPR105 confers protection against HFD-induced insulin resistance, with reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammation in liver, and increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. By tracking monocytes from either KO or WT donors, we found that fewer KO monocytes were recruited to the liver of WT recipients. Furthermore, we observed that uridine 5-diphosphoglucose enhanced the in vitro migration of bone marrow-derived macrophages from WT but not KO mice, and that plasma uridine 5-diphosphoglucose levels were significantly higher in obese versus lean mice. Finally, we confirmed that insulin sensitivity improved in HFD mice with a myeloid cell-specific deletion of GPR105. These studies indicate that GPR105 ablation mitigates HFD-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting macrophage recruitment and tissue inflammation. Hence GPR105 provides a novel link between innate immunity and metabolism.
Sandokanid phylogeny based on eight molecular markers—The evolution of a southeast Asian endemic family of Laniatores (Arachnida, Opiliones)

Little is known about the familial and generic level phylogeny of Laniatores, the most diverse suborder of Opiliones. We investigated the internal phylogeny of the family Sandokanidae (formerly Oncopodidae), the putative sister group of the other families of the highly diverse infraorder Grassatores (Opiliones: Laniatores), on the basis of sequence data from eight molecular loci: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), histones H3, H4, and U2 snRNA. Exemplars of all recognized sandokanid genera, as well as a putative new genus from Thailand, were included. Data analyses were based on a direct optimization approach using parsimony, as well as maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches on static alignments. The results obtained include the monophyly of Sandokanidae and its stability under a variety of parameter sets and methods. The internal phylogeny is relatively robust to parameter choice and demonstrates the monophyly of nearly all described genera, corroborating previous morphological observations. However, conflict among data sets exists with respect to the monophyly of the largest genus Gnomulus. Morphological character evolution, particularly of characters used to define genera, such as tarsal count and male genitalia, is reexamined and the performance of the eight molecular markers in phylogenetic estimation is evaluated.
Inhibition of p38 MAPK attenuates renal atrophy and fibrosis in a murine renal artery stenosis model

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of chronic renal dysfunction. Recent studies have underscored a critical role for CCL2 (MCP-1)-mediated inflammation in the progression of chronic renal damage in RAS and other chronic renal diseases. In vitro studies have implicated p38 MAPK as a critical intermediate for the production of CCL2. However, a potential role of p38 signaling in the development and progression of chronic renal disease in RAS has not been previously defined. We sought to test the hypothesis that inhibition of p38 MAPK ameliorates chronic renal injury in mice with RAS. We established a murine RAS model by placing a cuff on the right renal artery and treated mice with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 or vehicle for 2 wk. In mice treated with vehicle, the cuffed kidney developed interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial inflammation. In mice treated with SB203580, the RAS-induced renal atrophy was reduced (70% vs. 39%, P < 0.05). SB203580 also reduced interstitial inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition but had no effect on the development of hypertension. SB203580 partially blocked the induction of CCL2, CCL7 (MCP-3), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and collagen 4 mRNA expression in the cuffed kidneys. In vitro, blockade of p38 hindered both TNF-α and TGF-β-induced CCL2 upregulation. Based on these observations, we conclude that p38 MAPK plays a critical role in the induction of CCL2/CCL7/CCR2 system and the development of interstitial inflammation in RAS.
A CMOS IC Oscillator

A circuit configuration is suggested for oscillators which use CMOS ICs. Standard ICs containing three inverting amplifier stages allow inexpensive construction of oscillators containing automatic output amplitude control. The output is sinusoidal with relatively low distortion and the crystal power is low. The total number of components and cost are competitive with common two transistor oscillators.
Clinical predictors of significant findings on head computed tomographic angiography.

Abstract Background: Although head computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is a sensitive tool for the evaluation of neurological symptoms in the emergency department (ED), little is known about which clinical signs predict significant CTA findings. Objectives: To identify clinical factors that predict significant findings on head CTA in patients presenting to the ED with neurological complaints. Methods: Retrospective chart review of consecutive adult patients undergoing head CTA over a 6-month period in an urban, tertiary care ED with an annual volume of 76,000. Significant head CTA findings were defined as clinically significant neurological abnormalities undetected by previous imaging studies. Demographics, chief complaint, results of the neurological examinations (NE), and head non-contrast computed tomography (CT) results were used as predictors of significant head CTA. All predictors with a univariate p p
Parallel hierarchical visualization of large time-varying 3D vector fields

We present the design of a scalable parallel pathline construction method for visualizing large time-varying 3D vector fields. A 4D (i.e., time and the 3D spatial domain) representation of the vector field is introduced to make a time-accurate depiction of the flow field. This representation also allows us to obtain pathlines through streamline tracing in the 4D space. Furthermore, a hierarchical representation of the 4D vector field, constructed by clustering the 4D field, makes possible interactive visualization of the flow field at different levels of abstraction. Based on this hierarchical representation, a data partitioning scheme is designed to achieve high parallel efficiency. We demonstrate the performance of parallel pathline visualization using data sets obtained from terascale flow simulations. This new capability will enable scientists to study their time-varying vector fields at the resolution and interactivity previously unavailable to them.
The male body ideal: perspectives of readers and non-readers of fitness magazines

Abstract Background: The reading of fitness magazines has been found to be associated with body dissatisfaction and related behaviors among men. This study examined possible differences between readers and non-readers of fitness magazines regarding the male body ideal and its achievement. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 male college students at a large university in the southeast United States. Results: Both readers and non-readers of fitness magazines were found to prefer a lean and moderately muscular body and to be engaging in behaviors designed to attain it, such as limiting carbohydrates and/or fat in their diets, exercising, and using performance-enhancing supplements. However, most participants did not believe that attaining the ideal was a very important goal. Non-media influences, such as interpersonal relationships and previous involvement in competitive sports, were found to contribute to an interest in body image change that preceded the reading of fitness magazines. Conclu...
The Cyclone Server Architecture: Streamlining Delivery of Popular Content

We propose a new web server architecture optimized for delivery of large, popular files. Delivery of such files currently pose a scalability problem for conventional content providers, which must devote server-side resources in direct proportion to the high multiprogramming level induced by a set of these connections. While use of scalable multicast may remedy this problem some day, multicast is rarely supported in today's wide-area infrastructure. Our approach alleviates many of the most serious scalability problems by developing new server-side mechanisms capable of managing a large set of TCP connections transporting the same content. The strategy we employ relies on the use of fast forward error correcting (FEC) codes to generate encodings of popular content, of which only a small sliding window is cached in memory at any time instant. The concurrent TCP connections then access the content only from this shared window, which is globally useful to all clients. Our method hinges on eliminating unscalable TCP retransmission buffers, as we can ''retransmit'' fresh encoding packets in lieu of the originals with no performance degradation and with no modifications to client TCP stacks. Ultimately, our Cyclone server capitalizes on concurrency to maximize sharing of state across different request threads while minimizing context switching, disk I/O, thrashing under high load and the cache memory footprint. In this paper, we describe the design and prototype implementation of our approach as a Linux kernel subsystem.
Regulation of IGF binding protein-1 in Hep G2 cells by cytokines and reactive oxygen species

The liver is a major site of synthesis for insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1. Because IGFBP-1 inhibits many anabolic actions of IGF-I, increases in IGFBP-1 may be partly responsi...
Analysis of covariance: Its nature and uses.

This paper is intended as an introduction to the subsequent papers in this issue. It discusses the nature and principal uses of the analysis of covariance, and presents the standard methods and tests of significance. As Fisher [1934] has expressed it, the analysis of covariance "combines the advantages and reconciles the requirements of the two very widely applicable procedures known as regression and analysis of variance." This dual role can be illustrated by a two-way classification in which rows represent treatments, and columns represent blocks or replications. The typical mathematical model appropriate to the analysis of covariance is
Laboratory evaluation of fibrinolysis in patients with a history of myocardial infarction.

The aims of this study were to determine whether elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity after myocardial infarction reflects baseline PAI-1 or represents an acute-phase response secondary to the infarction, and to determine how tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity and total t-PA antigen levels in healthy control subjects differ from those in patients after myocardial infarction. Compared with healthy control subjects, patients studied 1–3 months after infarction had elevated levels of PAI-1 activity and fibrinogen but normal levels of C-reactive protein and von VVillebrand factor antigen, whereas patients with a noncardiac acute-phase response showed elevation of all four proteins. Elevated PAI-1 activity in the absence of elevations in other acute-phase proteins suggests an intrinsic increase in PAI-1 secretion in the post–myocardial infarction group. In addition, when compared with healthy control subjects, post–myocardial infarction patients had higher levels of total t-PA antigen (bound and free t-PA) but lower t-PA activity and a lower percentage of active t-PA. Overall, survivors of myocardial infarction have reduced t-PA activity and increased PAI-1 activity that is not due to a prolonged acute-phase response.
History and Phenomenology: Dialectical Structure in Ricoeur's The Symbolism of Evil *

A recent rereading of Paul Ricoeur's influential study, The Symbolism of Evil, led me to a surprising realization: the dialectic of primary symbols in that book, which superficially resembles the dialectic of subject and object found in many phenomenological studies of religion, can be extended to Ricoeur's analysis of myths and even to his hermeneutical program. The result is a systematic dialectical structure which recalls Hegel's phenomenology more than that of Husserl. This structure also suggests a solution to the problem Ricoeur encounters when he tries to understand the historical linkage between the Christian myth of Adam's fall and the Gnostic myth of the soul exiled in the body. Most significantly, the systematic structure of The Symbolism of Evil helps to illustrate the radical difference between transcendental and historical phenomenologies.
The Remains of the Citadel (Economic Loss Rule in Products Cases)

Though its seeds may have been planted long before, the economic loss rule in products liability tort law emerged in full force at the very same moment as the doctrine of strict products liability in the mid-1960s. This moment, fueled by the fall of privity and the rise of implied warranty earlier in the century, was of great doctrinal import — a moment when strict liability threatened to erase altogether the boundary between tort and contract in the context of defective products cases and move those cases firmly into the tort realm. The economic loss rule emerged as a crucial new levee against a flood of potentially limitless tort liability. It forged a new dividing line, keeping cases involving pure financial losses within the domain of con-tract by denying recovery for such losses under any theory of tort. Seen in this light, the economic loss rule emerged to protect the “remains” of the citadel of privity.William Prosser, so intently focused on the dramatic siege on the citadel of privity, overlooked a few, highly significant cases, where courts continued to require privity in order for the plaintiff to recover for negligently inflicted economic losses by defective products. Over the two decades that followed Prosser’s The Fall of the Citadel, the debate over the economic loss rule in products cases continued to unfold, culminating in the U.S. Supreme Court’s embrace in East River Steamship. That case ensured the economic loss rule would keep contract from “drowning in a sea of tort” and that the wall between the “separate spheres” of tort and contract law could not be breached. After an exploration of the evolution of, and rationales for, the economic loss rule in products cases, this Article examines whether the citadel’s last bastion should be preserved. It concludes that the economic loss rule in products cases may be best justified as a means to induce the putative victims — here, the parties with superior information regarding risk of financial loss — to protect themselves.
HOUSEHOLDER BLOCK TRANSFORMATION AND LINEAR COMPOSED SYSTEMS

In this paper the concept of Householder transformation is extended. This extension is available to simplify the linear composed systems.
On the analysis of complex backup strategies in Monte Carlo tree search

Over the past decade, Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and specifically Upper Confidence Bound in Trees (UCT) have proven to be quite effective in large probabilistic planning domains. In this paper, we focus on how values are back-propagated in the MCTS tree, and apply complex return strategies from the Reinforcement Learning (RL) literature to MCTS, producing 4 new MCTS variants. We demonstrate that in some probabilistic planning benchmarks from the International Planning Competition (IPC), selecting a MCTS variant with a backup strategy different from Monte Carlo averaging can lead to substantially better results. We also propose a hypothesis for why different backup strategies lead to different performance in particular environments, and manipulate a carefully structured grid-world domain to provide empirical evidence supporting our hypothesis.
Putting information into the service of decision making: the role of remote sensing analysis

Outcomes from the analysis of remote sensing imagery are often used in making important decisions. These decisions may have an impact on national security, the establishment of protocols regulating the emission of greenhouse gases, the selection of a corridor for a new highway, global yield of agricultural products, etc. The objective of this paper is to provide a framework in which decisions are made to benefit society from the use of synoptic observations. First, the paper will provide a perspective on decision-making. This is necessary to be able to properly understand where the analysis techniques discussed in the workshop fit into the proposed framework. Next, the paper proposes a taxonomy that defines the link between a particular mathematical analysis technique and the higher level outcome that results from this analysis. This workshop is dedicated to David Landgrebe and an international cadre of image analysts who have pioneered new approaches to the analysis of remote sensing observations - statistical parameter estimation, multispectral and hyperspectral classification, multitemporal analysis, artificial neural network architectures and learning algorithms, among others. It is important to understand that these analysis techniques are necessary in reducing the uncertainties associated with decision-making - that remote sensing analysis is an important step in the decision-making process that has its beginning in the technology used to collect photons and culminates in a host of decision-support tools.
Radiofrequency Ablation in Coccydynia: A Case Series and Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Review.

Objectives Coccydynia is a condition with a multitude of different causes, characterized by ill-defined management. There are multiple prospective studies, including several controlled trials, that have evaluated conservative therapies. Additionally, a plethora of observational studies have assessed coccygectomy, but few studies have reported results for nonsurgical interventional procedures. In this report, we describe the treatment results of 12 patients who received conventional or pulsed radiofrequency for coccydynia and systematically review the literature on management. Methods We performed a retrospective data analysis evaluating patients who underwent pulsed or conventional radiofrequency treatment at Johns Hopkins Hospital and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. A comprehensive literature review was also performed to contextualize these results. Results The mean age of patients treated was 50.25 years (SD = 11.20 years, range = 32-72 years), with the mean duration of symptoms being 3.6 years (SD = 3.36 years, range 1-10 years). There were 10 males and two females in this cohort. Among patients who received radiofrequency treatment, the average benefit was 55.5% pain relief (SD = 30.33%, range = 0-100%). Those who underwent conventional (vs pulsed radiofrequency) and who received prognostic blocks were more likely to experience a positive outcome. There were two cases of neuritis, which resolved spontaneously after several weeks. Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation of the sacrococcygeal nerves may serve as a useful treatment option for patients with coccydynia who have failed more conservative measures. Further research into this therapeutic approach and its benefit for coccydynia should incorporate a control group for comparison.
Fairtrade labour certification: the contested incorporation of plantations and workers

AbstractFair trade seeks to promote the well-being and empowerment of farmers and workers in the Global South. This article traces the contested growth and configuration of Fairtrade International labour certification, providing a multifaceted and dynamic view of private regulation. I explain why Fairtrade International began certifying large enterprises and how its hired labour strategy has developed over time, illuminating fair trade’s move from peasant to plantation sectors, stakeholder involvement in shaping the growth of Fairtrade labour certification, the internal and external balancing of farmer and worker concerns, and major innovations in Fairtrade’s ‘New Workers Rights Strategy’. My findings challenge the claim that recent market mainstreaming explains the rise of labour certification within fair trade and the more general argument that private regulatory programmes founded to foster empowerment evolve over time to prioritise a logic of control. As I document, Fairtrade International has recentl...
Effect of Comprehensive Behavioral and Exercise Intervention on Physical Function and Activity Participation After Total Knee Replacement: A Pilot Randomized Study

Objective To test the feasibility of a comprehensive behavioral intervention (CBI) program that combines intense exercises with an education program, to be implemented at a later stage (3 months) following total knee replacement (TKR), and to get a first impression of the effects of the CBI as compared to a standard of care exercise (SCE) program on the outcomes of physical function and physical activity. Methods A total of 44 subjects participated in a 3-month program of either CBI or SCE, followed by 3 months of a home exercise program. Outcomes of physical function and physical activity were measured at baseline and at 6-month followup. Analysis of variance was used to compare statistical differences between groups, whereas responder analyses were used for clinically important differences. Results The CBI was found to be safe and well tolerated. As compared to the SCE group, the CBI group had less pain (P = 0.035) and better physical function based on the Short Form 36 health survey (P = 0.017) and the single-leg stance test (P = 0.037). The other outcome measures did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Results from the responder analysis demonstrated that the CBI group had a 36% higher rate of responders in physical function as compared to the SCE group. Also, the CBI group had 23% more responders in the combined domains of physical function and physical activity. Conclusion The CBI program is feasible and improves physical function and physical activity in patients several months after TKR. Larger pragmatic randomized trials are needed to confirm the results of this study.
An Autonomous Robot-to-Group Exercise Coach at a Senior Living Community: A Study in Human-Robot Interaction

A NAO humanoid robot is programmed to act as an autonomous exercise instructor at a senior living community. In an on-site session, the robot does i a warm-up routine in which the robot directs participants to ask it to perform various tasks such as dancing and reciting poems and ii an exercise routine in which the robot guides participants through various physical exercises such as leg, hand, and neck exercises. The participants include six elderly residents, three nurses/caregivers, and two administrators. The elderly group is categorized with respect to cognitive awareness and physical capability. The session is videoed and then analyzed to measure several dimensions of human-robot interaction with these diverse participants, including affective reaction, effective reaction, and group responsiveness. Following the exercise session, a focus group session is conducted with the seniors and a separate focus group session conducted with the nurses and administrators to glean further data.
Identifying Beneficial Physical Activity During School Recess: Utility and Feasibility of the Fitbit

The purpose of the current study was to assess the utility, feasibility, and reliability of Fitbit accelerometers to measure physical activity (via steps) of 15 young children simultaneously during recess. Fitbit-recorded steps per minute (SPM) were used as the primary measure to assess levels of activity in children playing in various structured (i.e., instructed) and unstructured (i.e., free play) recess activities. The results suggested that the number of steps measured by two Fitbits resulted in high levels of agreement, and the Fitbits were successful at identifying differential levels of activity across multiple types of play activities. Across all children, running or walking was associated with the most SPM (M = 89) and highest percentage of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; M = 47%), followed by soccer (M = 58 SPM; M = 12% MVPA), free play (M = 53 SPM; 3% MVPA), and tag (M = 43 SPM; 7% MVPA). The utility of the Fitbit’s minute-by-minute data records was demonstrated, with the use of additional third-party software by Python, as differential levels of physical activity associated with various play behaviors were detected, and all 15 participants were assessed simultaneously with very few observers.
A Workflow for Static Reservoir Modeling Guided by Seismic Data in a Fluvial System

Realistic and accurate static geologic models are an essential element needed to predict the behavior of subsurface reservoirs and play an important role in petroleum engineering. Data used in the development of a static geologic model are gathered from various sources, such as seismic, log, and core data, each of them providing information on different physical properties of interest and with varying degrees of resolution. Compiling all data from various sources into a single representation of the subsurface formation of interest is a daily challenge for many petroleum geologists and engineers. This paper describes a framework to develop and select process-mimicking models that are consistent with available seismic attributes, namely impedance. Using a process-mimicking modeling package, 75 models of a fluvial meandering system are generated, one of which is chosen as the “true” model and masked thereafter. The implemented selection method relies on the degree of similarity in the histogram of representations of clusters of all possible patterns in the seismic impedance domain based on each process-mimicking model and that of the “true” model at several resolutions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of a weighted average divergence distance across multiple levels to select process-mimicking models that honor seismic data the best.
Use of intraoperative nuclear imaging leads to decreased anesthesia time and real-time confirmation of lesion removal.

Abstract Background Lymphatic mapping to guide sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) typically requires lymphoscintigraphy prior to surgery. In young pediatric patients, this process often requires intubation in the nuclear medicine suite followed by transport to the operating room (OR). Methods We reviewed 14 pediatric cases in which a portable nuclear imaging camera was utilized to perform the entirety of the SLNB in the OR. Results and Conclusion This method, utilizing intraoperative nuclear imaging, helped to confirm removal of the sentinel lymph node in real time, decreased anesthesia time, and avoided transport of a sedated or intubated child. Level of Evidence III.
Spinor Helicity Formalism

The spinor helicity method has allowed an enormous simplification in the calculation of certain scattering amplitudes in the massless limit. By decomposing massive momenta into massless spinors, the computational difficulties of monopole and dyon scattering are greatly reduced.
Outgraded produce variably retains surface inoculated Escherichia coli through washing.

The use of secondary quality produce has gained attention as a solution to food waste in both the U.S. and Europe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of using secondary quality or outgraded produce on the retention of surface inoculated E. coli following a rinse treatment on four model fresh produce systems (apple, tomato, carrot, lettuce). A three-strain cocktail of rifampicin-resistant generic E. coli, with a concentration of 9.0 log CFU/mL, was spot-inoculated on the intact surfaces of U.S. No.1 grade produce items and damaged or decayed areas of outgraded produce items. Generally, outgraded produce of all four kinds retained higher levels of inoculated E. coli following two postharvest treatments, chlorinated (150 ppm) or water only. However, physical damage, those defects which compromised the integrity of the produce surface, lead to significantly greater E. coli levels following rinsing than did physiological defects. Compared to U.S. No.1 quality apples, outgraded apples retained 4.3 ± 1.4 log CFU/g more E. coli following water only treatment, and 3.6 ± 1.7 log CFU/g more following chlorine treatment. Outgraded tomatoes retained significantly more (3.5 ± 1.1 log CFU/g) inoculated E. coli following water only rinse and 3.0 ± 1.4 log CFU/g more inoculated E. coli following chlorine treatment than U.S. No.1 quality tomatoes did under the same treatment conditions. Outgraded carrots retained 1 ± 1.1 log more CFU/g inoculated E. coli following water only treatment and 0.5 ± 0.8 log more CFU/g inoculated E. coli following chlorine treatment, compared to U.S. No.1 carrots. Outgraded lettuce leaves retained 1.6 ± 0.5 log CFU/g more inoculated E. coli following water only treatment and 4.1 ± 0.4 log CFU/g more inoculated E. coli following chlorine treatment than did U.S. No.1 quality lettuce leaves under the same treatment conditions. Treating with 150 ppm chlorine was not sufficient to eliminate the increased microbial retention associated with secondary quality or outgraded produce, and the efficacy of disinfection was greatly affected by type of defect. Apples with physical damage retained significantly higher E. coli loads than did those with physiological defects, an additional 2.6 log CFU/g under chlorine treatment and 0.8 log CFU/g more under was water only treatment. Tomatoes with physical damage had a 1.3-log CFU/g and 0.6-log CFU/g average increase of retained E. coli counts compared to those with physiological defects following a chlorine and water only treatment, respectively. Although a chlorine dip provided only a modest reduction in pathogens, generally, outgraded produce with physiological defects may present less food safety risks if introduced into the fresh market than does produce with physical damage due to their enhanced retention of bacterial cells. Therefore, as industry considers how to minimize its food waste problem, preferentially directing physically damaged produce away from the fresh market will help to minimize risk while maximizing food resources.
The New York African Burial Ground Project: Past Biases, Current Dilemmas, and Future Research Opportunities

The recent excavation of skeletal remains from the African Burial Ground in New York City and their current bioanthropological study and analysis at Howard University is contributing to our understanding of the conditions faced by Africans and their descendants in colonial North America. The complex nature of African enslavement points to the need for interdisciplinary and comparative research on African origins, as well as the biocultural interaction of members of the African Diaspora in the context of European enslavement practices. Research on variation in the biological health status of African-descent communities in the Americas is shown to contribute to knowledge of their social and cultural histories. Through public approval and support, our research team has been able to pursue a more sophisticated and extensive research plan than is usually allowed. The identities thus constructed are complex and compel novel questions. Additionally, our methodological approach empowers the descendant community to engage in its own cultural and historical construction.
Expression genetics in cancer research, prognosis, and therapy.

Dr. Ruth Sager described cancer genetics as an enormous puzzle [1]. Surprisingly few mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are found with high frequency in diverse tumor types. Mutations in about 30 or so genes appear to be responsible for generating the very large number of changes in cell functions that occur during tumorigenesis. One of the keys to understanding this puzzle is the linkage between mutations and functions. Expression levels of hundreds of genes are stably altered in the tumor cell (Figure 1). Although the mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may be ultimately responsible for these expression changes, the non-mutated genes themselves are also key components of the tumor formation process. For the most part, these genes encode proteins, such as receptors or enzymes, that play a direct rather than a regulatory role in conferring tumor phenotype. Their identities increase our understanding of the molecular events of tumorigenesis. Further, the non-mutated genes can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that suppress an aspect of the tumor phenotype when reintroduced into a tumor cell. Hence these genes are potential targets for gene therapy. Expression genetics, a newly emerging field of cancer study, focuses on nonmutated genes whose expression is aberrantly regulated in tumor cells.
Glycoproteins and Blood Group Activity: I. OLIGOSACCHARIDES OF SEROLOGICALLY INACTIVE HOG SUBMAXILLARY GLYCOPROTEINS

Abstract Three distinct serologically phenotypic mucins have been described in the hog submaxillary glands; A+, H+, and A-H- (In). Alkaline borohydride reductive cleavage of A+ and A- pig submaxillary mucin (A+-PSM and A--PSM) has enabled Carlson to propose structures for the oligosaccharides of these mucins. The structures presented readily explained the A+ and H+ cross-reactivity of the mucins, but left the structures of the In mucins unexplained. The relationship of H+ and In mucins and our previously published serological observations prompted us to determine the structures of the oligosaccharides isolated from inactive mucins secreted by hog submaxillary glands. In the present study, six oligosaccharides were isolated representing all of the potential combinations of imcomplete chains. The salient feature of this study is the demonstration of the attachment of sialic acid to galactose as well as to N-acetylgalactosaminitol. The structures of the three isolated acidic oligosaccharides are: a tetrasaccharide (I), α-l-fucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[N-glycolyl neuraminyl-(2 → 6)]-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactitol; a trisaccharide (II), N-glycolyl neuraminyl-(2 → 6)-d-ga-lactopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactitol; and a disaccharide (III), N-glycolylneuraminyl-(2 → 6)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactitol. Neutral oligosaccharides (IV, V, and VI) are the corresponding desialized materials. The structural features revealed are consonant with the observed serological phenomena and indicate the involvement of two sialyltransferases in the biosynthesis of the mucin. A possible biosynthetic pathway with the relative activity of the different glycosyltransferases is presented and discussed.
Organ donation and Hispanic american high school students: attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and intent to donate.

The growing need for transplantable organs continues to outpace supply. This discrepancy is most pronounced in minority populations. Hispanic Americans, however, are significantly less likely to do...
Thalamocortical Communication in the Awake Mouse Visual System Involves Phase Synchronization and Rhythmic Spike Synchrony at High Gamma Frequencies

In the neocortex, communication between neurons is heavily influenced by the activity of the surrounding network, with communication efficacy increasing when population patterns are oscillatory and coherent. Less is known about whether coherent oscillations are essential for conveyance of thalamic input to the neocortex in awake animals. Here we investigated whether visual-evoked oscillations and spikes in the primary visual cortex (V1) were aligned with those in the visual thalamus (dLGN). Using simultaneous recordings of visual-evoked activity in V1 and dLGN we demonstrate that thalamocortical communication involves synchronized local field potential oscillations in the high gamma range (50-90 Hz) which correspond uniquely to precise dLGN-V1 spike synchrony. These results provide evidence of a role for high gamma oscillations in mediating thalamocortical communication in the visual pathway of mice, analogous to beta oscillations in primates.
Mechanism design for first-mile ridesharing based on personalized requirements part II: Solution algorithm for large-scale problems

Abstract Ridesharing provides travelers with a low-cost and convenient first-mile mobility service. Our Part I paper designed a mechanism to incentivize more travelers to participate in the first-mile ridesharing service accounting for passengers’ personalized requirements on inconvenience attributes of ridesharing. In order to address the computational challenge of obtaining the mechanism for large-scale transportation networks, this paper develops a novel heuristic algorithm, called the Solution Pooling Approach (SPA) for efficiently solving large-scale mechanism design problems in the first-mile ridesharing context. This paper also extends the SPA to solve generalized mechanism design problems, analyzes specific circumstances under which the SPA can sustain the game-theoretic properties, including “individual rationality” and “incentive compatibility”, and identifies its limitations. For the particular application in first-mile ridesharing, the SPA maintains the properties of “individual rationality” and “incentive compatibility”. Numerical experimental results show that the SPA can address the complex first-mile ridesharing service mechanism design problem in a computationally viable and efficient manner.
Healthcare Provider-Centered: Ergonomics of Movement and Functionality

There is a mutual interaction between health and the workplace. Ergonomics is the study of this interaction. With the increase in healthcare sector productivity and activity, work-related mental stress and physical injuries are bound to increase. The distracted body and mind of a healthcare provider can lead to the compromised safety of patients and, ultimately, poor outcomes. Application of workplace ergonomics leads to healthier and better lifestyles for doctors, nurses, and allied healthcare providers. There are recommended guidelines in place for hospitals and administrators to ensure a healthy workforce. This chapter gives the introduction and application of ergonomics at hospitals to improve health and safety for all.
PowerVM, The Server Virtualization Without Limits

This paper is about PowerVM virtualization technologies. Maintaining Web performanceduring peak periods requires dynamic scalability, but achieving that kind of scalability oftenmeans overspending on an infrastructure that is underutilized most of the time. Virtualmachine technology, or virtualization, is gaining momentum in the information technologycommunity since it can satisfy peak scalability requirements without a costly, oversizedinfrastructure by replacing or complementing the physical servers with virtual ones. Virtualserver services are designed to help reduce the cost and complexity of current Linux, AIX orOS/400 based infrastructure. It is the first multiplatform portfolio of virtual solutions for ebusiness.Recent advances in hardware and software technology have brought virtualizationto the forefront of IT management .PowerVM allows business units to consolidate multipleworkloads onto fewer systems, increasing server utilization, and reducing cost.
Targeted next generation sequencing in well-differentated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WD/DD LPS): Multiple gene amplifications but few mutations.

10550 Background: WD/DD LPS is a common soft tissue sarcoma with approximately 1500 new cases per year. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment but recurrences are frequent and limited systemic option...
A Clinician’s Guide to Analysis of the Pitching Motion

This review examines recent literature regarding analysis of the throwing motion in baseball players and how modern technology may be used to predict or prevent injury. Proper throwing technique is vitally important to prevent injury and it is easier to correct poor mechanics prior to foot strike. Recent findings suggest that the inverted-W position may not lead to an increased risk of injury, but incorrect trunk or pelvis rotation does. Three-dimensional motion analysis in a laboratory setting is most commonly used to evaluate the throwing motion, but it does not allow for assessment in real game scenarios. Wearable monitors allow for this and have proven to reliably assess pitching workload, kinematics, and kinetics. Injuries in youth baseball pitchers have increased along with the trend towards more single sport specialization. To prevent injury, assessment of a pitcher’s throwing motion should be performed early to prevent development of poor mechanics. Classically, three-dimensional motion analysis has been used to evaluate throwing mechanics and is considered the gold standard. Newer technology, such as wearable monitors, may provide an alternative and allow for assessment during actual competition.