cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Am I Man Enough Yet? A Comparison of the Body Transition, Self-Labeling, and Sexual Orientation of Two Cohorts of Female-to-Male Transsexuals

ABSTRACT This study compares 2 cohorts of female-to-male (FtM) transsexuals, one who transitioned between 1969 and 1987 and the other, between 2000 and 2006. Eight individuals from each group were interviewed. Results revealed that FtMs transitioning since 2000 less often seek bottom surgery, use a greater variety of terms to label their gender identity, and more often identify themselves as attracted to both men and women (and, for some, being attracted to transgender persons). Findings suggest that the experience of feeling “man enough” (achieving satisfaction with his sex and/or gender) has changed for FtMs.
Comparison of post-operative pain, stress response, and quality of life in port access vs. standard sternotomy coronary bypass patients.

Objective: Although it has been postulated that minimally invasive cardiac surgery using the port access method would reduce operative stress and postoperative pain and accelerate postoperative recovery to a good quality of life, few data are currently available to document this intuitively appealing claim. Therefore, this study was designed to examine differences in stress response, postoperative pain, rapidity of recovery, and quality of life after port access (PA) isolated coronary artery bypass surgery compared with standard sternotomy (STD) isolated coronary bypass surgery. Methods: Fourteen PA and 15 STD coronary bypass patients were studied postoperatively for pain score, FEV, catecholamine and cortisol levels, resumption of activity, and Duke Activity Scale ratings. The surgical approach was based on the surgeon’s preference. Although the PA patients were younger, there were no other differences between the groups in gender or preoperative risk factors. Results: There were no operative deaths and no differences between the groups in perioperative complications. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed lower pain scale ratings over the first 4 postoperative weeks in the PA group (P , 0:001). The PA patients also had less muscle soreness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and poor appetite at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks (P , 0:05), better FEV at 1 day (1.59 vs. 0.97 l/s; P , 0:02) and 3 days (2.20 vs. 1.49 l/s; P , 0:03), and lower norepinephrine levels at days 1, 2, and 3 (Pa 0:005). The Duke Activity Scale questionnaire results demonstrated that more PA patients were able to walk 1‐2 blocks at 1 week, climb stairs at 1 and 2 weeks, perform light or moderate housework at 1 and 2 weeks, and engage in moderate recreational activities and perform heavy housework at 4 and 8 weeks (P , 0:05). Conclusions: These results show that compared with STD coronary bypass patients PA patients enjoyed significant postoperative physiologic and quality of life advantages with less pain, less early stress response, better pulmonary function, and superior Duke Activity scores during the first 2 postoperative months. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The prolactin response to intravenous dextroamphetamine in normal young men and postmenopausal women

Abstract D-amphetamine was administered intravenously in doses of 0.1 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg to normal young men and postmenopausal women in both morning and evening. No suppression of PRL secretion after amphetamine was found, and, in the postmenopausal women, no significant change in PRL levels in any dose or time condition occured. However, a significant and relatively consistent PRL release was induced in the young men in the evening by the higher dose. This latter response suggests that, in humans, dextroamphetamine can actually stimulate prolactin perhaps by a mechanism other than alteration in dopaminergic tone.
Acceleration and higher order waves in a mixture of chemically reacting elastic materials

The study of mixtures capable of reacting chemically introduces two new quantities of physical interest. These quantities are the chemical reaction rate and the chemical affinity. It is known from observation that states with a zero reaction rate can, in some circumstances, be unstable. Any perturbation from these states often results in spontaneous chemical reactions. To a great extent, the stability properties of states with zero reaction rates depend upon the chemical affinity in these states. Recently, I have presented a thermochemistry of chemically reacting mixtures without diffusion which shows, among other things, cases in which a zero reaction rate implies a zero affinity and conversely. ~ COLEMAN & GURT~N 2 found that states with a zero reaction rate which were asymptotically stable at constant deformation and temperature necessarily have a zero affinity. They found a similar result for asymptotically stable states at constant deformation and entropy. Thus a state with a nonzero chemical affinity and a zero reaction rate cannot be asymptotically stable for processes occurring at constant deformation and temperature or at constant deformation and entropy. Motivated by the above observations, I have investigated here the growth and decay properties of plane singular surfaces propagating into states with a zero reaction rate and a nonzero affinity for a mixture of elastic materials without diffusion. It seems natural to expect that unbounded amplitudes could occur no matter how small the initial disturbance unless the affinity is also zero. COLEMAN & GURTIN 3 considered a similar calculation under the condition that the region in front of the wave is an asymptotically stable state. They found if certain material coefficients were restricted in sign there exists a critical amplitude below which the amplitude of a compressive singular surface decays to zero. Since the entropy inequality plays a major role in determining the stability properties of reacting mixtures, it is reasonable to expect that it should yield restrictions on the material coefficients which have some influence in predicting the existence of critical amplitudes for compressive singular surfaces. Indeed, this is shown here to be the case.
Effects of anaerobic exercise accompanying catch-and-release fishing on blood-oxygen affinity of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus, Nardo)

Abstract Recovery from anaerobic exercise is thought to be prolonged in elasmobranchs because they lack several mechanisms for maintaining or increasing oxygen delivery that are present in teleosts. For example, teleosts increase hematocrit and maximal blood-oxygen carrying capacity through red cell ejection from the spleen. Teleosts also counteract the reduction in hemoglobin oxygen affinity resulting from metabolic acidosis through an adrenergic-mediated increase in red cell Na + –H + exchanger activity. To begin to assess the consequences of anaerobic exercise accompanying catch-and-release fishing occurring within the estuarine nursery habitats of juvenile sandbar sharks ( Carcharhinus plumbeus , Nardo), we constructed blood-oxygen equilibrium curves using samples from individuals 1 h after capture by hook and line (exercise-stressed) and samples from fully-recovered animals maintained in a shore-side tank (control sharks). We also compared exercise-stressed and control sharks for hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red cell count, intracellular pH, and nucleoside triphosphate concentration ([NTP]). In contrast to results from previous studies on elasmobranchs, we found an elevation in both hematocrit (≈ 21%) and blood hemoglobin concentration (≈ 10%) in exercise-stressed sharks. There was also clear evidence of red cell swelling. Mean red cell volume was ≈ 28% higher and mean cell hemoglobin concentration was ≈ 10% lower in exercise-stressed sharks. Most important, in spite of significant metabolic acidosis (0.3 pH units), blood from exercise-stressed sharks had an oxygen affinity equivalent to that of blood from control sharks. This was a direct consequence of intracellular pH being alkalinized by approximately 0.15 pH units relative to plasma pH in exercise-stressed sharks. Our results using isolated hemoglobin solutions showed that the observed reduction (≈ 15%) in intracellular [NTP] also contributed to the leftward shift in the oxygen equilibrium curves. As expected, we found sandbar shark red cells to be unresponsive to exogenous catecholamines. Regardless, sandbar sharks appear able to prevent the decrease in blood-oxygen affinity resulting from anaerobic exercise (and the concomitant decreases in plasma pH), as has been well-documented in teleosts. Our results suggest, therefore, that oxygen delivery following exhaustive exercise is not necessarily compromised in juvenile sandbar sharks, and that hook and line capture and subsequent release do not increase rates of mortality, although both are yet to be directly confirmed.
Carbon Stores and Biogeochemical Properties of Soils under Black Spruce Forest, Alaska

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 74:969–978Published online 17 Mar. 2010doi:10.2136/sssaj2009.0152SNRAS Publ. no. 2009-001. Received 22 Apr. 2009.*Corresponding author (pfclp@uaa.alaska.edu).© Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USAAll rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
ADVANCING THERMOACOUSTICS THROUGH CFD SIMULATION USING FLUENT

From the time mechanical refrigeration was first introduced, its use has significantly increased. In general, cooling is achieved with vapor compression machines that use specific refrigerants (blends of hydrogen, carbon, fluorine and chlorine in various mixing ratios) that can be tailored to create cooling at any required temperature level. Each refrigerant exhibits a specific global warming potential and ozone depletion potential in the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation and breaking down of ozone molecules. Since the adverse effects of those substances have been discovered, the field of refrigeration has been moving away from conventional refrigerants, and searching for better alternatives. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is such an alternative that can provide cooling to essentially any required temperature level without using any environmentally harmful substances. It is presently a niche technology that can be expanded into a broader market, primarily if the sizing problem can be solved. Currently, the most efficient thermoacoustic refrigerators are used in industrial settings. This work explores the possibility of decreasing the footprint of these refrigerators by utilizing a coiled resonator. A CFD analysis has been developed and first results in regard to coiled resonators are shown and discussed.
Idiopathic acute pancreatitis: role of ERCP in diagnosis and therapy

Abstract Commentary A cause for acute pancreatitis is not identified in 10% to 30% of patients after careful history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiologic evaluation. These patients are conventionally classified as having idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP). Patients with recurrent episodes of IAP are diagnosed with idiopathic acute recurrent pancreatitis (IARP). IAP and IARP are challenging clinical problems for the physician and often frustrating for the patient. Dr. Stuart Sherman has reviewed the role of ERCP and ancillary endoscopic techniques in the evaluation and therapy of these patients. Grace Elta, MD Editor
Maze Suite 1.0: A complete set of tools to prepare, present, and analyze navigational and spatial cognitive neuroscience experiments

Maze Suite is a complete set of tools that enables researchers to perform spatial and navigational behavioral experiments within interactive, easy-to-create, and extendable (e.g., multiple rooms) 3-D virtual environments. Maze Suite can be used to design and edit adapted 3-D environments, as well as to track subjects’ behavioral performance. Maze Suite consists of three main applications: an editing program for constructing maze environments (MazeMaker), a visualization/rendering module (MazeWalker), and an analysis and mapping tool (MazeViewer). Each of these tools is run and used from a graphical user interface, thus making editing, execution, and analysis user friendly. MazeMaker is a .NET architecture application that can easily be used to create new 3-D environments and to edit objects (e.g., geometric shapes, pictures, landscapes, etc.) or add them to the environment effortlessly. In addition, Maze Suite has the capability of sending signal-out pulses to physiological recording devices, using standard computer ports. Maze Suite, with all three applications, is a unique and complete toolset for researchers who want to easily and rapidly deploy interactive 3-D environments.
Properties of Pultruded Graphite/Epoxy

Tensile, compressive, and shear properties of pultruded AS2/Epon9310 unidirectional graphite/epoxy are presented and discussed in terms of the microstructure of the pultruded composite. The experimental results also are compared with microme- chanics predictions. It is shown that the axial stiffness and particularly the axial strength of the pultruded composite are lower than the expected values. The lower stiffness and strength values are attributed to the nonuniform microstructure of the pultruded composite. IS AN efficient, continuous method for producing constant cross- section structural components made with fibrous composite materials. The capability exists to pultrude a wide range of shapes ranging from flat panels through I-beams, Z-sections, solid bars and hollow tubes to stiffened panels. Pultrusion consists of pulling continuous fiber, roving, mat or combinations of the above through a bath of resin as shown in Figure 1. The impregnated rein- forcement is passed through preformers and then through a heated die which maintains the component shape while curing the composite. Typically, dies are of the order of 3.0 feet in length and the component is pulled through the die at a speed of 1.0 to 5.0 feet per minute. Pultruded structural members offer complex cross-sectional shapes with close tolerances and can be corrosion-resistant and nonconductive. The pultrusion market is growing at a rate of about 15 % per year with the con- struction industry providing the major increase in use of pultruded products. New applications for pultruded composites are appearing almost daily. They range from nonconducting ladder rail to stiffened panels for aerospace applica- tions. More recently, pultruded components have been used in the automobile in- dustry as drive shafts. During the last 40 years over 90% of all pultruded products have been made us- ing glass fibers in a thermosetting, polyester resin matrix. However, as the desire to use advanced fiber, epoxy matrix composites more widely has increased, it is natural that attention has turned to pultrusion as a cost-effective method of fabri- cating graphite/epoxy components.
Lactational transfer of the soy isoflavone, genistein, in Sprague–Dawley rats consuming dietary genistein

Exposures of Sprague-Dawley rats to the soy isoflavone, genistein, throughout the entire lifespan have produced a number of effects on reproductive tissues, immune function, neuroendocrine function and behavior. Our previous studies investigated pharmacokinetics and disposition of genistein during adult and fetal periods and this study describes the internal exposures of post-natal day 10 (PND10) rat pups due to lactational transfer of genistein. Conjugated and aglycone forms of genistein were measured by using LC/MS/MS in serum (PND10) and milk (PND7) from lactating dams consuming a genistein-fortified soy-free diet, and in serum from their pups at a time when milk was the only food source (PND10). This study shows that limited lactational transfer of genistein to rat pups occurs and that internal exposures to the active aglycone form of genistein are generally lower than those measured previously in the fetal period. These results suggest that developmental effects attributable to genistein exposure in our chronic and multi-generation studies are more likely to result from fetal exposures because of the higher levels of the active estrogenic aglycone form of genistein in utero, although the possibility of neonatal responses cannot be excluded.
The quantitative chemical analysis of early-type stars

Abstract The University of Michigan programme for the determination of the abundances of the elements in hot stars involves an observational, a theoretical, and an experimental phase. A description of the spectrum of γ Pegasi from λ3570–λ3970 and the profiles of the stronger linesin the photographic region illustrate the type of observational material that is being employed in this investigation. The point of view adopted for the theoretical programme is next described. Briefly, the model atmosphere of any given star must represent the observations of the continuous energy distribution, the Balmer discontinuity, the relative intensities of different spectral lines and the profiles of the stronger lines, notably those of hydrogen and helium. For this phase, a knowledge of the line-broadening coefficient is essential. Hence the emphasis on the experimental work with the luminous shock tube in which the Stark broadening of lines of hydrogen and other gases can be studied.
Patterns of development in early empathic behavior: Environmental and child constitutional influences

The second year of life is a period of developmental change and instability in empathic expressions. In this study, we identify specific developmental patterns of global empathy during the second year and investigate maternal style, family environment, and temperamental factors as moderator influences on these patterns of development. The sample consists of 158 children selected from twin pairs whose empathic development had been previously studied at 14 and 20 months of age. Planned comparisons within specific groups (initially high, mid-range, or low empathy) tested the difference between children who changed versus those who remained stable. Maternal style, family climate, and child temperament variables significantly differentiated children among different patterns of development. Child gender was an additional moderator of family influences on development among those children whose empathic responses were initially low. These findings suggest the importance of distinguishing patterns of development based on where in the range of behaviors development is tracked.
The relationship between children's self-reported recess problems, and peer acceptance and friendships

Abstract This study used three samples to investigate the nature of children's self-reported recess problems and the degree to which these were correlated with children's peer acceptance and mutual friendships. Results suggest that seven student complaints about recess can be grouped into problems with peer conflict and problems with social inclusion. Modest relations were reported between inclusion recess problems and children's mutual friendships and peer acceptance. Relations of conflict recess problems with mutual friendships and peer acceptance were less frequent. Results suggest that self-reported recess problems are a distinct construct from traditional research measures of peer acceptance and friendships.
Equilibrium conductivity of YBa2Cu2Ox

Abstract The equilibrium electrical conductivity of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x has been measured as a function of temperature (600–850°C) and oxygen partial pressure (10 −4 -1 atm). Comparison with published composition data indicates that conductivity minima occur at YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 , indicating that this is the proper reference for deviations from stoichiometry and that the superconducting compositions should be written as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+y . The composition YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.5 , where all of the Cu is divalent, correlates well with a change in slope of the conductivity isotherms. This may indicate a special structural significance for this composition.
The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of U-0.75 wt.% Mo-0.75 wt.% Nb-0.75 wt.% Zr-0.50 wt.% Ti

Abstract The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of U-0.75 wt.% Mo-0.75 wt.% Nb-0.75 wt.% Zr-0.50 wt.% Ti are shown to be very similar to those in dilute binary uranium alloys. Quenching from the γ -phase field produces an extensively twinned supersaturated martensite which is amenable to subsequent age hardening in the 250–425°C range. Overaging occurs at temperatures above 450°C due to decomposition of the martensite to the equilibrium phases. This polynary alloy is shown to be heat treatable to a yield strength of 1725 MPa, higher than can be attained in binary alloys. Its tensile elongation in the soft as quenched condition, however, is only 15%, lower than is obtainable in binary alloys. The mechanical properties of the polynary alloy are also shown to be markedly dependent on quench rate, and hence, on section thickness.
Measuring The Orientation Of Lines And Surfaces Using Translation Invariant Stereo

Accuracy of geometric measurement of object environments for robotic vision tasks is of increasing importance as these tasks become more sophisticated. The precision of the measurement of the position and orientation of objects in space is highly dependent upon the accurate calibration of a number of physical parameters for imaging cameras. Some recent articles have shown that for two camera stereo triangulation methods to work in practical situations that severe mechanical positioning constraints must be placed on the pair of cameras. The current practice for most stereo based methods is to build up descriptions of how objects occupy space from point data whose absolute positions in space have been measured. In particular, errors in orientation measurement of surfaces can be badly compounded by errors in absolute mesurement of multiple points that lie on the surface. This paper analyzes a stereo method which determines lines in space from the intersection of projected planar sheets. Object descriptions are built up from information about linear features instead of by points. It is shown that there are major advantages to accurately determining the orientation of object lines and surfaces using this stereo method. In the absence of errors apart from baseline translation error the measurement of the orientation of lines and surfaces from this stereo method is translation invariant in the sense that the orientation measurement is completely independent of knowledge of the baseline. Computer simulations of realistic imaging configurations show that even in the presence of errors from other camera parameters that this stereo method is nearly translation invariant and can far outperform stereo methods for the measurement of orientation based upon the absolute correspondence of points. Another advantage of determining the orientation of lines and surfaces from stereo using intersecting planes is that orientation errors do not grow rapidly as the object distance from the baseline increases. This is true for orientation measurement from stereo using the absolute correspondence of points.
Integral Homology of Real Flag Manifolds and Loop Spaces of Symmetrical Spaces

Abstract An algorithm is given for the computation of the integral homology groups of generalized real flag manifolds and of based loop spaces of compact symmetric spaces. This extends earlier work of Bott and Samelson computing these invariants with Z 2 coefficients. The algorithm uses the root system of the underlying symmetric spaces to turn the computation into a relatively straightforward combinatorial calculation. The proofs of the theorems use Morse theory of the moment map as tool to understand the geometry of the spaces in question.
Application of projection methods to scattering calculations.

Much of the recent activity in electron-atom and electron-molecule collision problems has been concerned with the effective use of discrete-basis-set (${L}^{2}$) methods. In this note we study the ${L}^{2}$ expansion for a number of different operators which appear in the scattering equations in order to ascertain the performance of such approaches in model problems. The potentials used in the study were not assumed to be of short range although the solution of the scattering problem was sought over a finite region of configuration space. The results of our calculations show that the Schwinger form of the separable potential is best for the problems studied. The standard separable expansion also works well, while the ${L}^{2}$ expansion of the Green's function is quite poor.
Culture, Context, and Homicide of the Elderly

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the criminal victimization of elderly persons. Given that homicides of the elderly are thought to occur primarily in the context of robbery/burglary situations, this study seeks to identify situational as well as structural and cultural factors that influence the murder of older persons. In particular, it has been noted that Southern culture promotes a notion that one should ‘respect their elders.’ Using conservative Protestant affiliation as a proxy for Southern culture, this study also examines the relationship between Southern culture and homicide of the elderly. Findings show that Southern culture as reflected in conservative Protestant affiliation does not insulate the elderly from victimization.
Dynamics and stability of insect locomotion: a hexapedal model for horizontal plane motions

We develop a simple hexapedal model for the dynamics of insect locomotion in the horizontal plane. Each leg is a linear spring endowed with two inputs, controlling force-free length and “hip” position, in a stereotypical feedforward pattern. These represent, in a simplified manner, the effects of neurally activated muscles in the animal and are determined from measured foot force and kinematic body data for cockroaches. We solve the three-degree-of-freedom Newtonian equations for coupled translation-yawing motions in response to the inputs and determine branches of periodic gaits over the animal’s typical speed range. We demonstrate a close quantitative match to experiments and find both stable and unstable motions, depending upon input protocols.Our hexapedal model highlights the importance of stability in evaluating effective locomotor performance and in particular suggests that sprawled-posture runners with large lateral and opposing leg forces can be stable in the horizontal plane over a range of speeds, with minimalsensory feedback from the environment. Fore–aft force patterns characteristic of upright-posture runners can cause instability in the model. We find that stability can constrain fundamental gait parameters: our model is stable only when stride length and frequency match the patterns measured in the animal. Stability is not compromised by large joint moments during running because ground reaction forces tend to align along the leg and be directed toward the center of mass. Legs radiating in all directions and capable of generating large moments may allow very rapid turning and extraordinary maneuvers. Our results further weaken the hypothesis that polypedal, sprawled-posture locomotion with large lateral and opposing leg forces is less effective than upright posture running with fewer legs.
Galileo high-gain antenna deployment anomaly thermal analysis support

In April of 1991, the Galileo spacecraft executed a sequence of commands to unfurl its umbrella-like highgain antenna, but confirmation of deployment was not received. The primary theory was that a very high coefficient of friction existed between the midrib restraint pins and their receptacles along the antenna's central tower. Recovery actions included extreme antenna cold soaking, cyclic warming and cooling of the antenna, and pulsing the deployment motors to act as a mechanical hammer. An analytical model was extensively used to quantify the benefit of these actions. This model was not primarily intended to produce accurate temperatures in extremely cold environments. Initially, predicted antenna temperatures for cold soaking were different by as much as 40°C. However, with additional flight experience, this difference was reduced to within 20°C. Good agreement (within 5°C) with flight data was achieved for antenna warming and motor hammering. Although deployment was not achieved, the analytical model evolved without extensive revision into an accurate tool for predicting antenna temperatures.
Synthesis and properties of an aggregating heterocyclic helicene.

Heterohelicene 10 is synthesized in six steps from 3,3‘-bithienyl. Because the number of steps is small, because the yield is 95% in the last (the reaction of a bis-enol ether with 1,4-benzoquinonea six-step one pot procedure that constructs the helicene skeleton), and because chromatography is not required to purify any of the products in the synthesis, significant amounts are easily prepared. To convert 10 into enantiopure 3, a helicenebisquinone surrounded by four dodecyloxy groups, requires only a precedented three-step sequence. Enantiopure helicene 3, either without solvent or in dodecane (but not in chloroform) aggregates into columnar structures whose optical properties differ markedly from those of the monomer but resemble those shown previously only by aggregates of 1. Evidence of aggregation in the pure material includes optical microscopic observation of long fibrous structures and X-ray diffraction and combined transmission electron microscopic and electron diffraction analyses showing the mo...
Nucleosides. XLI. The conformation of 1,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-d-ribose and of 1,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-α-(and β-)-d-erythro-pentose☆

Abstract N.m.r. studies have been conducted on 1,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β- d -ribose (1) and on the β and α anomers of 1,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy- d -erythropentose (2 and 3, respectively). Temperature studies have shown that all exist as pure conformers having an axially oriented aglycon. The conformation of 1 and 2 was established as 1C, that of 3 as C1.
Side Effects of Mild Hypothermia

Mild hypothermia is increasingly touted as a low risk clinical measure in brain protection. This article reviews potential adverse effects of mild hypothermia by organ system and suggests a risk assessment framework for clinical decision making.
Ties that bind: Cultural referent groups and coping strategies of adult women as learners

This chapter examines the cultural influences and applications of women's social capital networks on women's knowledge construction, community development, and autonomy within their cultures and the adult learning context.
Isotype switch-mediated CH deletions are a recurrent feature of Myc/CH translocations in peritoneal plasmacytomas in mice.

Oncogene activating chromosomal translocations that interrupt IGH switch (S) regions at 14q32 are thought to be caused by misguided IGH isotype switching in postgerminal center B-cell lymphomas and plasma cell myelomas in humans. Aberrant switching also seems to be involved in altering the fine structure of the translocation in some of these tumors, but the significance of these changes is not known. Here we report on 3 cases of IL-6 transgenic mouse plasmacytomas (PCT) that harbor T(12;15) translocations that had been modified by frustrated switch attempts that result in C(H) deletions. When considered together with 6 similar cases of PCT described previously, our observations suggest that secondary deletions in C(H) are a regular feature in the molecular evolution of T(12;15) translocations and, thereby, in the progression of PCT. We propose that the T(12;15)(+) mouse PCT offers a uniquely valuable model system for elucidating the dual role of abnormal isotype switching in causation and 'remodeling' of chromosomal translocations.
Symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state of meso-linked BODIPY dyads

We report the synthesis and characterization of symmetric BODIPY dyads where the chromophores are attached at the meso position, using either a phenylene bridge or direct linkage. Both molecules undergo symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state, and the directly linked dyad serves as a visible-light-absorbing analogue of 9,9′-bianthryl.
Progress in treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch.

A review of past and current operative procedures for treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch is presented in conjunction with a series of 14 patients in whom the aortic arch and variable portions of the ascending and descending aorta were replaced utilizing a combination of surface cooling and cardiopulmonary bypass to produce profound total body hypothermia. Arch replacement was carried out during a single period of circulatory arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass was then utilized to warm the patient and resuscitate the heart. The average cerebral ischemia time was 42 minutes at an average core temperature of 14°C. The average myocardial ischemia time was 68 minutes, and the average duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 122 minutes. There were 4 deaths in this series. Of the 10 patients undergoing elective operation only 1 died. The remaining patients are alive and well 4 months to 6 years following surgery. This experience indicates that by utilizing total body hypothermia and circulatory arrest, aortic arch replacement can be carried out with superior results. This technique is our method of choice and should find increasing application.
Demonstration of choledochal cyst by computed tomography

Abstract The authors describe a case of a choledochal cyst which was diagnosed pre-operatively by CT Scanning. The CT scan showed bile ducts entering a cystic mass which made the specific diagnosis.
Gap detection as a function of stimulus loudness for listeners with and without hearing loss.

Temporal resolution, or the ability to process rapidly changing stimuli, has been purported to be reduced in some listeners with hearing loss while being described as normal in others. Ensuring sti...
Suicidality, hopelessness, and attitudes toward life and death in clinical and nonclinical adolescents.

Abstract To see if hopelessness and four attitudes (attraction to life and death and repulsion by life and death) account for the development of suicidality in children, 15 adolescent psychiatric inpatients and 84 middle and high school students, average age. 15.2 years, took a four-item version of the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire, the Hopelessness Scale for Children (HSC), and the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for Adolescents (MAST-A). Profiles on the four attitudes differentiated adolescents at risk for suicide from those not at risk. Suicidality was negatively related to Attraction to Death and positively related to Repulsion by Life, Attraction to Death, Repulsion by Death, and hopelessness. Hopelessness was negatively related to Attraction to Life, and positively related to Repulsion by Life and Repulsion by Death. The best predictors of suicidality were hopelessness and Repulsion by Life. Results imply that reducing feelings of rejection by their families might lessen suicidality in adol...
Porcine factor VIII (Hyate: C®): in vitro stability, microbiological safety and effect of heparin.

The in vitro stability of porcine factor VIII (PF VIII) was evaluated when it was reconstituted with sterile water (PF VIIISW ) to ≈ 30 U PFVIII mL(-1) , as per the manufacturer's recommendations, and stored in plastic syringes at room temperature, with and without heparin and at four different dilutions. PF VIII was prepared antiseptically without laminar airflow and remained sterile at room temperature for 1 week. PF VIIISW retained at least 88% of baseline activity for 48 h and 74-86% for 72 h. Addition of heparin 1 unit mL(-1) solution resulted in a decrease in the stability of PF VIIISW to 72-74 % of baseline values by 24 h. Reconstituted PF VIIISW , further diluted with normal saline to 10-24 U PF VIII mL(-1) , retained 98% of baseline activity for 48 h and 84% of baseline for 72 h. PF VIII diluted to 6 U mL(-1) , however, retained 100% baseline activity for only 24 h, and declined to 71% and 64 % of baseline by 48 and 72 h, respectively. PF VIII reconstituted with normal saline, instead of sterile water, retained 90% or more of baseline activity for a minimum of 4 days. Once reconstituted, PF VIII appeared to be more stable at room temperature than when stored in the refrigerator. These in vitro stability studies confirm that PF VIII (30 U mL(-1) ) can be given effectively by prolonged continuous infusion, since it retains 88% baseline activity at room temperature in a plastic syringe for a minimum of 48 h, remains sterile and will maintain baseline PF VIII levels when further diluted with saline.
Synchrotron radiation induced surface photovoltage at metal/GaAs interfaces

Abstract We use the Kelvin method to study the synchrotron radiation induced surface photovoltage (SPV) on GaAs(110) as a function of metal coverage and temperature. We find that varying the temperature alone does not induced significant change in band bending in the semiconductor, but that the combination of low temperature and synchrotron light illumination on lightly doped n-GaAs induces a large and quasi-permanent SPV. On lightly doped n-GaAs, the low-temperature SPV (0.55 eV) is equal to the quasi-totality of the band bending at submonolayer coverage and discharges with a time constant of the order of hours. Above a monolayer, the rate of discharging increases dramatically, emphasizing the role of charge leakage through the overlayer. The room temperature SPV is considerably smaller (0.2 eV). Finally, no significant SPV is detected on highly doped GaAs. The impact of this synchrotron radiation induced SPV on the photoemission study of metal/semiconductor interfaces is discussed in detail.
Self-lensing Models of the Large Magellanic Cloud

All of the proposed explanations for the microlensing events observed toward the LMC have diffi- culties. One of these proposed explanations, LMC self-lensing, which invokes ordinary LMC stars as the long sought-after lenses, has recently gained considerable popularity as a possible solution to the micro- lensing conundrum. In this paper, we carefully examine the full range of LMC self-lensing models, including for the —rst time the contribution of the LMC bar in both sources and lenses. In particular, we review the pertinent observations made of the LMC and show how these observations place limits on such self-lensing models. We —nd that, given current observational constraints, no purely LMC disk models are capable of producing optical depths as large as that reported in the MACHO collaboration 2 year analysis. We also introduce a new quantitative measure of the central concentration of the micro- lensing events and show that it discriminates well between disk/bar self-lensing and halo microlensing. Besides pure disk/bar, we also consider alternative geometries and present a framework which encom- passes the previous studies of LMC self-lensing. We discuss which model parameters need to be pushed in order for such models to succeed. For example, like previous workers, we —nd that an LMC halo geometry may be able to explain the observed events. However, since all known LMC tracer stellar populations exhibit disklike kinematics, such models will have difficulty being reconciled with obser- vations. For SMC self-lensing, we —nd predicted optical depths diUering from previous results, but more than sufficient to explain all observed SMC microlensing. In contrast, for the LMC we —nd a self-lensing optical depth contribution between 0.47 ) 10~8 and 7.84 ) 10~8, with 2.44 ) 10~8 being the value for the set of LMC parameters most consistent with current observations. Subject headings: dark mattergalaxies: halosgalaxies: kinematics and dynamics ¨ gravitational lensingMagellanic Clouds
Idealized pulse pileup effects on energy spectra

Abstract The energy spectrum containing the effects of all orders of pulse pileup is predicted for an idealized X-ray pulse height analysis system measuring randomly occurring events. Two simplifying assumptions used are (1) a fixed pulse resolution time, and (2) that the measured energy of piled-up pulses is the algebraic sum of the energy associated with each pulse.
Impacts of Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Illinois River Valley Backwaters

Wetland loss in North America has been considerable and well documented, and the establishment of exotic species in remaining wetlands can further reduce their ability to support native flora and fauna. In the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes ecosystems, exotic mute swans (Cygnus olor) have been found to negatively impact wetlands through degradation of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities. Mute swan populations have expanded into many areas of mid-continental North America outside the Great Lakes ecosystem, but the environmental impact of these populations is not well known. Mid-continental wetlands in North America differ in physical characteristics (e.g., size, depth, and permanency) and aquatic vegetation species composition compared to wetlands in other areas where mute swans have been studied and, thus, may be more or less susceptible to degradation from swan herbivory. To investigate the impact of mute swan herbivory on SAV communities in mid-continent wetlands, we used exclosures to prevent swans from foraging in 2 wetland complexes in central Illinois. Above-ground biomass of vegetation did not differ between exclosures and controls; however, mean below-ground biomass was greater in exclosures (52.0 g/m2, SE = 6.0) than in controls (34.4 g/m2 SE = 4.0). Thus, although swan densities were lower in our study region compared to that of previous studies, we observed potentially detrimental impacts of swan herbivory on below-ground biomass of SAV. Our results indicate that both above-ground and below-ground impacts of herbivory should be monitored, and below-ground biomass may be most sensitive to swan foraging.
Revision of TRISS for Intubated Patients

The TRISS system is an important, widely used method for predicting survival in trauma patients. One significant shortcoming of TRISS is its inability to include intubated patients in survival analysis because a respiratory rate and a verbal response are not obtainable. This report describes one app
Gamma-Induced Voltage Breakdown Anomaly in a Schottky Diode

In a routine evaluation of an electrically identical Schottky diode made by two manufacturers, it was discovered that the diode by one manufacturer was unexpectedly sensitive to gamma radiation. In brief, the breakdown voltage of the diode was reduced by more than 20 percent after a dose of 1 × 105 rads. Subsequent investigations of this anomaly showed that the behavior resulted from the fact that the diode metallization extended significantly beyond the guard ring over the oxide forming a parasitic MOS device. The parasitic device is large and is formed by a thick, "unhardened" oxide. The radiation effects properties of this device are therefore similar to those of an unhardened MOS device formed with a field oxide. It is the charge accumulation in this thick oxide which significantly alters the diode properties following exposure to gamma radiation. The problem is easily eliminated by reducing the metallization size so that it does not extend significantly over the thick oxide, thereby eliminating formation of the parasitic MOS device.
Information Buried in Information Technology Service Contracts: Extracting Process–Performance Interrelationships

Service-level agreements (SLAs) for multiservice information technology (IT) outsourcing contracts contain voluminous text that often makes it difficult for the customer organization to appreciate the complex interplay of various process elements (e.g., activities, resources, events) with key performance indicators (KPIs). We employ an ontology-based information extraction approach combined with a rule base in developing a decision support framework that derives analytic insights about hidden process–performance relationships from SLAs. The framework is instantiated in a prototype system, SLA-Miner. The system aids in decision making by encapsulating formal and semiformal domain knowledge through an IT service ontology and associated rule base. Advantages of the system include compact knowledge representation, maintainability, and adaptability to changing business environment. Sets of real life SLAs are analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of SLA-Miner. Results demonstrate the utility of the decision s...
Relief of seizures from a predominantly posterior temporal tumor with anterior temporal lobectomy.

Summary: We report the relief of intractable complex partial seizures in a patient with a posteromesial temporal lobe hamartoma after anterior temporal lobectomy, despite minimal tumor removal. We suggest that the key to successful treatment is the mainly medial, or limbic, location of the tumor, which apparently requires anterior limbic structures for full clinical expression of seizures. We conclude that excision anterior to a posterior temporal lesion can result in seizure relief and that a medial tumor location may be important for successful treatment. RESUME Les auteurs rapportent l'amelioration de crises partie les complexes rebelles chez un patient qui presentait un hamartome de la partie postero-mesiale du lobe temporal, et qui a ete traite par lobectomie temporale anterieure n'emportant qu'une petite partie de la tumeur. Les auteurs suggerent que l'explication a ce succes therapeutique reside dans la localisation principalement mediane, ou limbique, de la tumeur, qui necessitait apparemment les structures limbiques anterieures pour l'expression clinique complete des crises. Les auteurs concluent qu'une excision anterieure a une lesion temporale posterieure peut entrainer une amelioration des crises et que la localisation medio-temporale d'une tumeur peut-etre un facteur important de succes chirurgical. RESUMEN Se publica la majoria de ataques parciales complejos resistentes a terapia en un paciente con un hamartoma de la region posteromedial del lobulo temporal despues de realizar una lobectomia temporal a pesar de que la extirpateon del tumor fue minima. Se sugiere que la clave del exito terapeutico fue la localizacion del tumor, fundamentalmente medial o limbica. Aparentemente esta localizacion requiere estructuras limbicas anteriores para la maxima expresion clinica de los ataques. Se concluye que la exciseon de segmentos anteriores a una lesion temporal posterior puede resultar en una majoria de los ataques y que una localizacion medial del tumor puede ser importante para un tratamiento con exito. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Wir berichten uber die Verminderung kimplexer Partial-Anfalle bei einem Patienten mit einem Hamartom im posteromesialem Temporallappen–es wurde eine anteriore temporale Lobektomie vorgenommen und nur wenig Tumorgewebe entfernt. Wir vermuten, das der Schlussel zum Verstandnis dieser erfolgreichen Behandlung darin liegt, das hauptsachlich mediale und limbische Tumoranteile entfemt wurden. Zur vollen klinischen Manifestation der Anfalle bedurfte es vermutlich der anterioren limbischen Strukturen. Die Exzision der vorderen Anteile bei posteriorer Temporal-lappenlaesion kann somit zu Anfallsminderung fuhren, besonders bei medialer Tumorlokalisation.
USEPA's Risk Assessment Practice: Default Assumptions, Uncertainty Factors

The use of assumptions is a part of all human conceptual thinking, as is the use of standard thought procedures that become default approaches. In most discourse, assumptions and defaults are uncon...