cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GFI-1B Is Increased during Erythroid Differentiation and Appears to Regulate Beta Globin Expression and Differentiation.

We identified GFI-1B in DNA arrays as a gene that correlates with erythroid differentiation induced by controlled expression of JunB in the HCD57 erythroid cell line, a novel model for erythroid differentiation we recently developed. JunB expression induces the HCD57 cells to turn bright red from hemoglobin synthesis. Beta Globin, Glycophorin (TER-119), alpha Spectrin and other erythroid marker are also induced by Jun B expression, suggesting the usefulness of the HCD57-JunB cell in studying normal erythroid differentiation. Our initial experiment was designed to identify potential genes that control erythroid differentiation so we analyzed gene expression in HCD57 cells induced by JunB in the first 24-hour period. Whereas the DNA array data found that the expression of all known transcription factors either was unchanged or decreased by induction of JunB and differentiation, GFI-1B RNA initially declined in the first 8 hours but then increased above control at 24 hours. In additional experiments, nuclear GFI-1B protein, and DNA binding activity were found to markedly increase during the late erythroid differentiation, 48 to 72 after induction of JunB to trigger the erythroid differentiation in HCD57 cells. GFI-1B expression and activity also increased when F-MEL cells were induced to differentiate with DMSO. Hemin treatment (to induce globin synthesis) also induced GFI-1B expression and GFI-1B DNA binding in murine HCD57 cells and human erythroid cell lines, UT7 and K562. When we ectopically expressed GFI-1B in human UT7 erythroleukemia cells, we found that elevation of GFI-1B expression reduced the rate of proliferation and markedly enhanced beta-globin synthesis when these cells were treated with hemin. Beta globin mRNA was increased 24 hours earlier in UT7 cell transfected with GFI-1B compared to control UT7 cells, suggesting that up-regulation of GFI-1B is needed for maximum beta globin expression. GFI-1B is selectively expressed in erythroid progenitors and megakaryocytes and was cloned by others using low stringency hybridization with a probe for Growth Factor Independence-1, GFI-1, a gene identified previously as a proto-oncogene induced in IL-2 independent T-cell lymphomas. GFI-1 and GFI-1B both have 5 zinc finger domains in the COOH terminal but are believed to act as transcriptional repressors through a novel 20 amino acid NH terminal domain. The sparse literature on GFI-1B and its homologue, the proto-oncogene GFI-1, suggests these SNAG/zinc finger proteins are repressors of transcription and act in general to prevent differentiation and promote proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells independent of normally required growth factors. Our current finding, however, suggests that GFI-1B function is distinct from the hyper-proliferation and anti-differentiation functions of the related GFI-1. Instead, our data suggests a clear role of GFI-1B in erythroid differentiation in agreement with loss of defintive erythropoiesis in GFI-1B-/- mice (recently reported from the Orkin laboratory).
Female condoms, an urgent need.

The WHO estimates that the number of women infected with HIV ranges from 1 million in Africa to 100000 in the US. In the US the ratio of male to female cases is 9:1. In Africa the ratio is 1:1. 60% of the total number of cases of AIDS worldwide were contracted through penile-vaginal intercourse. In the US it is heterosexual transmission that is spreading at the fastest rate. In the US 30% of the female AIDS cases were contracted by heterosexual transmission which represents more than twice as many male heterosexual transmissions. Currently the only method of protecting yourself from AIDS is the use of a male condom. However this leaves women at a distinct disadvantage because of a power differential. Women simply do not have the power to negotiate male condom use. The solution to the critical problem is the release of the female condom. Men have had condoms for centuries now for the 1st time women can protect themselves from STDs and AIDS without having to involve the man. However in many countries the female condom must be marketed and presented in a fashion that allows it to be accepted by both men and women. This is particularly true in countries where women are traditionally not allowed to make contraceptive decisions for themselves.
Situating multimodal learning analytics

Author(s): Worsley, M; Abrahamson, D; Blikstein, P; Grover, S; Schneider, B; Tissenbaum, M | Abstract: The digital age has introduced a host of new challenges and opportunities for the learning sciences community. These challenges and opportunities are particularly abundant in multimodal learning analytics (MMLA), a research methodology that aims to extend work from Educational Data Mining (EDM) and Learning Analytics (LA) to multimodal learning environments by treating multimodal data. Recognizing the short-term opportunities and longterm challenges will help develop proof cases and identify grand challenges that will help propel the field forward. To support the field's growth, we use this paper to describe several ways that MMLA can potentially advance learning sciences research and touch upon key challenges that researchers who utilize MMLA have encountered over the past few years.
Bioelectronic block of paravertebral sympathetic nerves mitigates post–myocardial infarction ventricular arrhythmias

Background Autonomic dysfunction contributes to induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT). Objective To determine the efficacy of charge-balanced direct current (CBDC), applied to the T1-T2 segment of the paravertebral sympathetic chain, on VT inducibility post–myocardial infarction (MI). Methods In a porcine model, CBDC was applied in acute animals (n = 7) to optimize stimulation parameters for sympathetic blockade and in chronic MI animals (n = 7) to evaluate the potential for VTs. Chronic MI was induced by microsphere embolization of the left anterior descending coronary artery. At termination, in anesthetized animals and following thoracotomy, an epicardial sock array was placed over both ventricles and a quadripolar carousel electrode positioned underlying the right T1-T2 paravertebral chain. In acute animals, the efficacy of CBDC carousel (CBDCC) block was assessed by evaluating cardiac function during T2 paravertebral ganglion stimulation with and without CBDCC. In chronic MI animals, VT inducibility was assessed by extrasystolic (S1-S2) stimulations at baseline and under >66% CBDCC blockade of T2-evoked sympathoexcitation. Results CBDCC demonstrated a current-dependent and reversible block without impacting basal cardiac function. VT was induced at baseline in all chronic MI animals. One animal died after baseline induction. Of the 6 remaining animals, only 1 was reinducible with simultaneous CBDCC application ( P P Conclusions Axonal block of the T1-T2 paravertebral chain with CBDCC reduced VT in a chronic MI model. CBDCC prolonged VERP, without altering baseline cardiac function, resulting in improved electrical stability.
Targeted molecular radiotherapy of pediatric solid tumors using a radioiodinated alkyl-phospholipid ether analog

External-beam radiotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment of most pediatric solid tumors. Particularly in children, achieving an optimal therapeutic index to avoid damage to normal tissue is extremely important. Consequently, in metastatic disease, the utility of external-beam radiotherapy is limited. Molecular radiotherapy with tumor-targeted radionuclides may overcome some of these challenges, but to date there exists no single cancer-selective agent capable of treating various pediatric malignancies independently of their histopathologic origin. We tested the therapeutic potential of the clinical-grade alkyl-phospholipid ether analog CLR1404, 18-(p-iodophenyl)octadecyl phosphocholine, as a scaffold for tumor-targeted radiotherapy of pediatric malignancies. Methods: Uptake of CLR1404 by pediatric solid tumor cells was tested in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by PET/CT imaging and dosimetry. The therapeutic potential of 131I-CLR1404 was evaluated in xenograft models. Results: In vitro, fluorescent CLR1404-BODIPY showed significant selective uptake in a variety of pediatric cancer lines compared with normal controls. In vivo tumor-targeted uptake in mouse xenograft models using 124I-CLR1404 was confirmed by imaging. Single-dose intravenous injection of 131I-CLR1404 significantly delayed tumor growth in all rodent pediatric xenograft models and extended animal survival while demonstrating a favorable side effect profile. Conclusion:131I-CLR1404 has the potential to become a tumor-targeted radiotherapeutic drug with broad applicability in pediatric oncology. Because 131I-CLR1404 has entered clinical trials in adults, our data warrant the development of pediatric clinical trials for this particularly vulnerable patient population.
Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

As the human and economic cost of type 2 diabetes has surged, focus on its prevention has intensified. Clinical trials across the globe have demonstrated that diabetes can be prevented in high-risk populations over a wide range of cultures and ethnicities. Further, reduction in diabetes onset is observed beyond the time of the interventions, albeit attenuated. Waning benefit post-intervention has been attributed to lack of long-term adherence to lifestyle changes or drug therapy. An alternate explanation, however, may be that lack of progression to diabetes rather than the restoration of normoglycemia has been our goal. All of the landmark trials for diabetes prevention to date have enrolled participants with untreated prediabetes due to their exceptionally high risk for acquiring diabetes. Even when overt diabetes is delayed or prevented, both micro- and macrovascular diseases appear more prevalent in those with prediabetes compared to their normoglycemic peers. Thus, there is reason to believe that true prevention of diabetes and its complications likely reside in the reversal of prediabetes and the restoration of normoglycemia. New evidence supports this speculation and guidelines are changing accordingly. Nevertheless, there is much to be considered in identifying the people at highest risk for diabetes and determining when and how to institute preventive measures.
Association of serum c-reactive protein and indices of body fat distribution and overweight in Mexican American children

Background: Few data have been published on the association of indices of body fat distribution and components of the insulin resistance syndrome and serum C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein and putative risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, in representative samples of total populations of children or in Hispanic Americans, who have a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes as adults. Objective: To evaluate the association of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) and components of the insulin resistance syndrome with CRP in Mexican American children and to assess the independence of the association. Design: Cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants: Mexican American children aged 6-11 years. Measurements: Body circumferences, skinfold thickness, BMI, blood pressure, and serum CRP and lipid concentrations. Results: Overall, 11% of children had detectable CRP (> 0.21 mg/dL). CRP was not associated with age, gender, or birth weight. WHR showed significant positive associations with serum CRP concentration independent of BMI. BMI was also significantly associated with CRP independent of WHR. CRP was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol but not triglyceride, or systolic blood pressure, concentration after controlling for BMI. Conclusion: Further research is needed on the associations of serum CRP concentration with WHR and other indices of body fat distribution and obesity to elucidate the mechanisms and significance of these associations.
Advances in Risk Assessment in Support of Sediment Risk Management

Over the past few decades, risk assessments have become an important component of remedial investigations (RI) and feasibility studies (FS) for contaminated sediment sites. In the United States, the National Contingency Plan (NCP) requires that risk assessments be conducted to address the threat posed by the release of contamination to the environment. Risk assessment is typically viewed as an important early step in the process of determining whether remediation of contaminated sediment is necessary. Risk assessments have, however, become increasingly process oriented, with more emphasis on how to do the risk assessment and less on how to ensure that the assessment is useful for decision-making. Although following a defined process that is supported by guidance is advantageous, a process-dominated approach that lacks consideration of other important factors for managing contaminated sediments has shortcomings. The risk assessment needs to include early and explicit consideration of potential risk management options.
Boron-Catalyzed Site-Selective Reduction of Carbohydrate Derivatives with Catecholborane

Catalytic sp3 C–O bond cleavage using B(C6F5)3/HBcat is reported. This method is first demonstrated on simple ethers and silyl protected alcohols, which exhibit reactivity parallel to the known B(C6F5)3/HSiR3 system. In more complex carbohydrate derivatives, however, unique selectivities that are not possible with hydrosilane reductants have been achieved, including regioselective cyclizations. Preliminary computational studies suggest that diboryl oxonium ions are disfavored and that four-coordinate boronium ions may contribute to selectivity.
Information Ethics In The Information Age

Information ethics (IE) is a field of fundamental and applied study that lacks the firm foundation of a definition of information. The at times ethereal, at times pervasive nature of information contributes to the elusiveness of a definition. Paradoxically, everyone seems to recognise information when they see it, but there is great difficulty in arriving at a common perspective. This is partly due to its wide-ranging applicability in many and disparate fields of knowledge, e.g., business, finance, media communications, physics, biology, computer science, engineering, library science, to name a few. All of which share the commonality of dealing with digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) which seem to be the trigger for issues in IE. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the definition of information by Bateson as a basis to seek a fundamental and applied understanding in IE.
Designing Places to Be Alone or Together: A Look at Independently Owned Minneapolis Coffeehouses:

Coffeehouses are third places, between home and work, where people meet, engage in conversation, establish ties, and form a community. Over the past 30 years, the number of coffeehouses in the Unit...
Complete Genome Sequences of Five Salmonella enterica Strains Used in Inoculation Cocktails in Low-Moisture Food Storage Studies

Survival kinetics of Salmonella enterica have been previously studied using an inoculum cocktail composed of different strains that have been associated with low-moisture foods. Here, we report the closed genome sequences of five strains of Salmonella enterica that are commonly used in these storage studies.
Elucidation of qualitative patient-reported outcome (PRO) data using latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) in patients (pts) undergoing radical cystectomy.

e18245Background: As PROs become commonplace in clinical trials and routine care, we must identify efficient analytic methods to better understand and ultimately integrate this information into cli...
Jack of All Trades or Master of One? A Typology of Inventors and Breakthroughs

Research on knowledge creation produces conflicting conclusions when pondering who creates breakthroughs: are they broadly-knowledgeable dabblers, or deeply specialized scientists? Moreover, are di...
Socially Engaged Art and Its Pedagogy of Citizenship.

The complacent insularity of individualism provides the background against which the convivial performativity of art is conceptualized as acts of citizenship in this article. The alienated sculptur...
MiFID II Unbundling and Sell Side Analyst Research

We examine the effect of MiFID II, which mandated the unbundling and separate pricing of analyst research in Europe beginning in 2018. We find that the requirements of MiFID II were associated with a reduction in analyst following for European firms relative to US firms, with decreases in coverage greatest for firms that were larger, older and less volatile, and had greater coverage and more accurate consensus forecasts. Remaining analysts follow fewer firms and issue fewer forecasts, consistent with increased focus, and appear to increase their efforts on the firms they continue to cover. In particular, forecasts become more accurate, are more likely to be disaggregated and include recommendations, and are accompanied by larger stock price reactions. Consistent with increased effort to curry favor with management, analysts issue more optimistic recommendations and beatable earnings forecasts. While individual forecasts are more informative, the overall information environment for the average firm tends to deteriorate, with less aggregate information conveyed by analyst forecasts, a greater proportion of information delayed to earnings announcements and higher average bid-ask spreads. Taken as a whole, results are consistent with a reduction in analyst following mitigated by an increase in focus and effort by remaining analysts, but with an overall negative effect on the information environment.
Induction of autophagy-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells through activation of ER stress: an uncovered anti-cancer mechanism by anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram.

Due to its potent anticancer activity, there is interest in repurposing of the FDA-approved anti-alcoholism drug, disulfiram (DSF). DSF forms potent complexes with copper (DSF/Cu) that induce apoptosis of many types of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of DSF/Cu in autophagy, a mechanism of cell death or survival, and its interplay with DSF/Cu induced apoptosis of human pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Methods Levels of autophagy and apoptosis were assessed by Western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell viability was measured by MTT assays. Activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-mRNA X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) pathway and spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) expression were analyzed by Western blot, Phos-tag gel assay, RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results The apoptosis induced by DSF/Cu in pancreatic and breast cancer cells is autophagy dependent. This is accomplished by activating IRE1α, the sensor of unfolded protein response (UPR) via promotion of phosphorylation of IRE1α and its downstream XBP1 splicing into active XBP1s. Conclusions DSF/Cu induces ER-stress through activation of IRE1α-XBP1 pathway which is responsible, at least in part, for induction of autophagy-dependent apoptosis of cancer cells. Insight into the ER-stress inducing ability by DSF/Cu may open a new research area for rational design of innovative therapeutic strategies for pancreatic and breast cancers.
Can Prediction of Turn-management Willingness Improve Turn-changing Modeling?

For smooth conversation, participants must carefully monitor the turn-management (a.k.a. speaking and listening) willingness of other conversational partners and adjust turn-changing behaviors accordingly. Many studies have focused on predicting the actual moments of speaker changes (a.k.a. turn-changing), but to the best of our knowledge, none of them explicitly modeled the turn-management willingness from both speakers and listeners in dyad interactions. We address the problem of building models for predicting this willingness of both. Our models are based on trimodal inputs, including acoustic, linguistic, and visual cues from conversations. We also study the impact of modeling willingness to help improve the task of turn-changing prediction. We introduce a dyadic conversation corpus with annotated scores of speaker/listener turn-management willingness. Our results show that using all of three modalities of speaker and listener is important for predicting turn-management willingness. Furthermore, explicitly adding willingness as a prediction task improves the performance of turn-changing prediction. Also, turn-management willingness prediction becomes more accurate with this multi-task learning approach.
Cannabis Use and Nonfatal Opioid Overdose among Patients Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

Some ecological studies found lower rates of opioid overdose in states with liberalized cannabis legislation, but results are mixed, and the association has not been analyzed in individuals. We qua...
Geographic Variation of Bacterial Communities Associated with Cotton Fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus1

Cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is native to the southern United States and widespread throughout regions where cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is commercially grown. It is considered a major cotton pest only in certain cotton-growing regions, while in other areas it rarely reaches pest status. Bacterial symbionts associated with sucking insects have been linked to their pest status on their insect hosts. We tested whether variation in bacterial communities within P. seriatus correlated with pest status of the insect on cotton. We used 454 pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene to characterize the bacterial microbiota associated with P. seriatus from eight cotton-growing regions in the United States. We found 65 bacterial taxa in the dataset, and three phyla, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, accounted for 78.5, 16.3, and 4.6% of the bacterial community. Overall bacterial composition and diversity did not correlate with P. seriatus pest status or geographical origin. However, abundances of three taxa, Spiroplasma sp., Swaminathania, sp., and Aureimonas sp., were significantly different between regions in which P. seriatus occurs as major versus occasional pest. We found Pseudomonas spp. in all samples, with different strains/species in different samples, suggesting variant Pseudomonas could be a primary endosymbiont of P. seriatus. Characterization of the P. seriatus bacterial microbiota showed it was distinct from other well-characterized hemipteran herbivores. Whether variation in microbiota corresponds with variation in traits relevant to pest control warrants further investigation.
Preliminary Results from a Field Study to Investigate the Relationship between Colostrum Quality and Management and Serum Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Dairy Calves

Results of two large national studies indicate that the national preweaning mortality rate in dairy heifers has improved very little over the past ten years (10.8% in National Animal health Monitoring Systems (NAHMS), 1993, 8. 7% in NAHMS, 2002). Failure to reduce mortality in preweaned dairy heifers is partially attributable to poor colostrum management practices. In 1993 (NAHMS), 41 % of 2177 calves sampled between 24 and 48 hrs of age suffered from failure of passive transfer (FPT), or low serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that failure of passive transfer (FPT; calf serum IgG concentration< 10 mg/ml) is associated with a significant increase in risk for morbidity and mortality in the period between birth and weaning (Fowler, 1999; Wells et al, 1996). Conventional factors considered to be important in an effective colostrum management program have included quantity of colostrum fed, quality of colostrum fed (IgG concentration) and quickness (or age at first feeding). Offering a second feeding of colostrum is also frequently recommended. Recently, calf management experts have also begun to evaluate colostrum cleanliness (total bacteria count or total coliform count) as another potentially important factor. Limited studies have suggested that bacteria counts in colostrum not only serve as a pathogen source, but may also reduce efficiency oflgG absorption in the gut. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between serum IgG concentrations in dairy calves and the aforementioned colostrum management factors (colostrum quantity, quality, quickness, cleanliness).
A Search for Post-Collapse Cores

We report the preliminary results of a surface photometry survey of globular cluster cores. Two new cores with post-collapse morphology have been found, and two possible candidates. The estimated fraction of clusters with this core morphology in the Galaxy is only a few percent. Most clusters do not show a morphology similar to the predictions of the central black hole models.
Aspectos epidemiológicos de Botrytis cinerea Pers. en chirimoyos (Annona cherimolia Mill.)

Debido a que Botrytis cinerea causa importantes perdidas en pre y postcosecha en chirimoyas, se realizo un seguimiento de un huerto en produccion en la localidad de La Palma, Quillota, para determinar su incidencia, correlacionandola con la temperatura, humedad relativa y precipitacion. Para determinar la presencia de este hongo, se realizo un muestreo de hojas, frutos y flores tardias entre abril y octubre de 1997. Estas muestras se colocaron en camaras humedas por 10 dias, bajo condiciones de luz y temperatura favorables a la esporulacion. En octubre y noviembre de 1997, se determino su presencia en semillas y en 66 frutos (embalados y mantenidos a temperatura ambiente por 12 dias) y en febrero de 1998 su presencia en flores. Todas las cepas obtenidas se sembraron en APD a 22oC por 10 dias. La incidencia de cepas de Botrytis comenzo en el periodo de precipitaciones y fue en aumento despues de los meses mas lluviosos. La primera determinacion en hojas, con o sin sintomas, se inicio en mayo y logro un maximo en octubre. En junio comenzo su deteccion en frutos logrando su maximo en septiembre, no evidenciandose sintomas de pudricion en estos. No se detecto Botrytis en flores, flores tardias ni en semillas. La incidencia de Botrytis en frutos en postcosecha alcanzo un 10,6%. De 9 aislamientos de Botrytis efectuados se determino solo la presencia de B. cinerea .
Mesoscale Charge-Ordering in Transition Metal Oxides: Formation and Signatures

The authors briefly outline the value of an inhomogeneous (unrestricted) Hartree-Fock plus Random Phase approach for understanding the types and properties of mesoscopic patterns of localized small polarons in transition metal oxides. Using a multiband Peierls-Hubbard model for a hole-doped CuO{sub 2} layer as an illustrative example, they demonstrate the appearance of correlated high-energy (electronic) and low-energy (localized phonon and spin-wave) signatures of various vertical, diagonal, metal-centered, and oxygen-centered mesoscopic stripe patterns of localized holes (small polarons).
Reasons for using IEEE standard 841-1994 motors for the forest products industry

This paper is a review of efforts taken toward understanding the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for AC electric motors and the benefits to be derived by using IEEE Standard 841-1994 motors. The paper describes a corporate policy to reduce TCO of AC electric motors and corporate's program for product evaluation. The paper also considers repair/replace and retrofit options. The conclusions reached could apply to all forest products industry companies as well as to most other continuous process industrial companies.
Sex, Rocks, And Taxidermy: A Conversation With Chris Offutt

I first met Chris Offutt outside the fabled Foxhead bar on Iowa City's east side. What I had heard about Chris Offutt was that he graduated from the Workshop during the fabled Conroy days when Frank Conroy ruled the Workshop with painstaking intensity and tough love and that he wrote about hunting. I had shot a pigeon with a BB gun at age twelve, from the second-story window of my frienďs brownstone in the Bronx, an experience that continues to plague me with guilt. Chris was standing outside, surrounded by a cabal of other writers, all dressed in their tackle-shop flannels and worn leather boots, their plumes of cigarette smoke gathering in the glow of the bar's single neon. "You're a poet, right?" Chris said. "I'm on the fiction side, actually." "Really?" he asked. 117 Was there something about the way I was dressed that made the fact that I was a fiction writer so unconvincing? The other writers ashed their cigarettes and looked at their feet. "Well," Chris said, tossing his cigarette, "good to meet you, man." He went back into the bar, and I went home. Our next meeting was in a seminar taught by Charles D'Ambrosio. Chris had come as a guest speaker on the subject of fiction versus nonfiction. The nonfiction piece of his we were assigned was "Porn Bought My Football." I had not read it.
Dos métodos de adivinación tlapaneca: medir el hueso y echar los granos de maíz

Los indios tlapanecos del Estado de Guerrero, como otras culturas del mundo, dependen de varios medio de adivinacion para obtener un medio ambiente seguro. Este articulo describe y analiza dos metodos de adivinacion utilizado comunmente por los tlapanecos : medicion del hueso, y el echar los granos de maiz
Inductor design for monolithic DC-DC converters

Optimal design of passives is important for realization of monolithic DC-DC converters. This paper discusses ideas for integrating inductors onto a silicon chip. Expressions for trace resistance and inductance estimation of on-chip spiral inductors is compared. Based on these expressions, planar spiral inductors are designed for use in monolithic DC-DC buck converters. An out-of-plane technology that uses a surface micromachining technique, known as plastic deformation magnetic assembly, is used to erect high quality inductors with small footprints. Experimental results from buck converters with each inductor are presented.
Optimal Trading of Arbitrage Opportunities with Market Impact

This paper studies the optimal trading strategy of arbitrageurs in a dynamic economy where there are transaction costs and the arbitrageur’s trades reduce (or eliminate) future arbitrage opportunities. In contrast to the standard textbook arbitrage trading strategy which has infinite present value, we show that an arbitrageur’s expected discounted trading profits are finite. In addition, we show that it is rational for arbitrageurs not to trade the first time that arbitrage profits exceed their transaction costs. In fact, in our economy, arbitrage profits will often exceed the transaction cost band, disappear, then reappear again. The implications of this observation for the existing empirical literature testing for arbitrage opportunities is also discussed.
Determination of Explosives in Water Using Disposable Pipette Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The use of disposable pipette extraction was examined for the simple and rapid determination of seven high explosives (cyclotrimethyl-enetrinitramine, cyclotetramethyl-enetetranitramine, 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-methylnitramine, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, nitroglycerin, and pentaerythritol tetranitrate) in water. The current study involved the determination of slightly polar and nonpolar explosives in water with a reversed phase sorbent followed by high performance liquid chromatography. The method was based on a styrene divinylbenzene sorbent loosely placed inside a 5-mL pipette tip. Water samples were drawn into the tip and mixed with the sorbent. Air bubbles were also drawn through the tip following sample solution to enhance mixing. Because disposable pipette extraction uses small amounts of sorbent, minimal solvent is required to elute analytes and solvent evaporation is not necessary. The method provided rapid sample preparation, and required less than five minutes to extract 1.0 mL of w...
How to Tame Your Dragon: An Evaluation of India's Foreign Policy Toward China

In the past 60 years, India-China relations have oscillated between friendship, hostility and indifference. In recent times, both countries have started competing for global economic gains and political status. In light of these events, the objective of this article is to analyze various strategies used by China against India, and India's policy response to these strategies. The article evaluates the process of foreign policy decision making in India, and traces the historical evolution of India's foreign policy towards China. It then deconstructs China's foreign policy towards India, and provides the rationale behind its strategies. The article suggests that after initial engagement with India on the question of boundary disputes, Chinese foreign policy has undergone a dramatic shift since 2007. It specifically evaluates the twin Chinese tactics of military incursions and denial of legitimacy to the Indian territories of Arunachal Pradesh and Ladakh. Based on an analysis of China's previous boundary disp...
Strategies for controlling Si nanowire formation during Au-assisted electroless etching

Dramatic changes in the morphologies of Si nanowires (NWs) ranging from vertical, to hooked, to ground-collapsed shapes are presented depending on the HF/H2O2 ratio in the etch solution during Au-assisted electroless etching. It is shown that the deviations from vertical NWs are not due to capillary action but correlated with the development of nanoporous structures, which is attributed to excess hole (h+) diffusion toward the NWs' sidewalls during the etching process. The role of hole diffusion is made more evident by observation of NWs with the neck formation when transitioning to different etching regimes during SiNW formation. Furthermore, the hooked and ground-collapsed SiNW can be suppressed at the cost of enhanced tapering by adding a strong electrolyte in solution, which is correlated to reduced etching rate resulting from electric screening of the charged Au surfaces. We provide an important finding that common salts such as NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 can be useful retardants for the metal-assisted electroless etching. The new insights into structural transformation presented in this study afford greater control over the structure of SiNWs produced by metal-assisted electroless etching.
Oxygen binding and other physical properties of human hemoglobin made in yeast

Wagenbach et al. (1991, BioTechnology, 9, 57-61) have recently developed a system for producing soluble recombinant tetrameric hemoglobin in yeast: hemoglobin begins to appear 4-5 h after induction with galactose, alpha- and beta-globin chains fold in vivo and endogeneously produced heme is incorporated into hemoglobin tetramers. We have further characterized the oxygen-binding properties, as well as the tetramer stability, of recombinant human Hb A made in yeast. After purification by ion-exchange chromatography, a single band at the same position as normal human Hb A was obtained using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Although the oxy and deoxy forms of purified recombinant Hb A made in yeast were spectrophotometrically identical to native human Hb A, the oxygen-binding curve was shifted slightly left of that for native human Hb A. Further purification of recombinant hemoglobin by FPLC revealed two fractions: one (fraction B) with low cooperativity and high oxygen affinity, and the other (fraction A) with almost identical cooperativity and oxygen affinity compared with native human Hb A. The Bohr effect of fraction A was also identical to native human Hb A. Hemoglobin in fraction B with lowered cooperativity precipitated approximately 1.5 times faster than normal human Hb A during mechanical agitation, while hemoglobin in fraction A with normal cooperativity precipitated with kinetics identical to native human Hb A. These results suggest that some of the recombinant molecules made in yeast fold improperly, and that these molecules may exhibit decreased cooperativity for oxygen binding and decreased stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Road to Tenure: Narratives of African American Male Tenured Professors

Employing qualitative interviews framed by a phenomenological approach, this exploratory study had a cohort of African American male tenured professors (n = 12) describe the thematic structure of their experience of successfully advancing in the professoriate and earning tenure from an institution of higher education. The participants' descriptions revealed that the structure of the experience was comprised of five interrelated themes: (1) mentorship; (2) organizational support; (3) culture/background; (4) collegiality, and (5) networking. Implications for institutions of higher education and recommendations for current and future African American male tenure-track professors are discussed.
Influenza-Associated Mortality in Georgia (2009–2011)

We analyzed data from NCDCPH Georgia where samples from outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and inpatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARI) are referred for testing on influenza virus using PCR analysis. During 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 influenza pandemics total number of the laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were 1286 with 33 deaths (all of them influenza type A) and 1203 (51.4% type A) with 44 deaths, respectively. At least one underlying medical condition was reported in 70.7% (for pandemic influenza strain) and 96% (for influenza type B) of deaths. Predominating preexisting condition was coronary heart disease.
Towards command and control networking of cooperative autonomous robotics for military applications (CARMA)

This research focuses on the development of a network of cooperative autonomous robotics for military applications (CARMA) that work together to search, track, carry, deploy and retrieve sensor and other small payloads for a variety of purposes. CARMA addresses how the distributed hierarchical structure employed by the military is ideally suited as an efficient and robust model for distributed cooperative robotics that reduces the operator-to-robot ratio, which until now has been mostly biologically-inspired.
Modeling deep ocean shipping noise in varying acidity conditions

Possible future changes of ambient shipping noise at 0.1-1 kHz in the North Pacific caused by changing seawater chemistry conditions are analyzed with a simplified propagation model. Probable decreases of pH would cause meaningful reduction of the sound absorption coefficient in near-surface ocean water for these frequencies. The results show that a few decibels of increase may occur in 100 years in some very quiet areas very far from noise sources, with small effects closer to noise sources. The use of ray physics allows sound energy attenuated via volume absorption and by the seafloor to be compared.
Accuracy and space bandwidth in space variant optical correlators

Abstract Numerous space variant optical pattern recognition systems using coordinate transformations have been reported recently. In this paper, we consider the required space bandwidth of these systems and the resultant accuracy of these novel deformation invariant correlators.
Transverse-momentum distributions in lepton-hadron scattering from quantum chromodynamics

We use quantum-chromodynamic perturbation theory to calculate dsigma/dx/sub H/dydPi/sub T/ in electromagnetic lepton-hadron scattering, where Pi/sub T/ is the sum over all produced hadrons of the absolute value of the component of three-momentum perpendicular to the virtual-photon direction.
Mismatch repair-mediated G2/M arrest by 6-thioguanine involves the ATR-Chk1 pathway.

Abstract DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in human cancers is associated with resistance to a spectrum of clinically active chemotherapy drugs, including 6-thioguanine (6-TG). We and others have shown that 6-TG-induced DNA mismatches result in a prolonged G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis in MMR+ human cancer cells, although the signaling pathways are not clearly understood. In this study, we found that prolonged (up to 4 days) treatment with 6-TG (3 μM) resulted in a progressive phosphorylation of Chk1 and Chk2 in MMR+ HeLa cells, correlating temporally with a drug-induced G2/M arrest. Transfection of HeLa cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the ataxia telangiectasia-related (ATR) kinase or against the Chk1 kinase destroyed the G2/M checkpoint and enhanced the apoptosis following 6-TG treatment. On the other hand, the induction of a G2/M population by 6-TG was similar in ATM−/− and ATM+ human fibroblasts, suggesting that the ATM–Chk2 pathway does not play a major role in this 6-TG response. Our results indicate that 6-TG DNA mismatches activate the ATR–Chk1 pathway in the MMR+ cells, resulting in a G2/M checkpoint response
Relations of Bone and Blood Lead to Cognitive Function: The VA Normative Aging Study

The relationship between performance on cognitive tasks and circulating levels of lead in blood and accumulated levels of lead in bone was examined in 141 middle-aged and elderly men from a longitudinal study of aging. The mean (SD) blood lead level was low [5.5 (3.5) μg/dl], and mean patella and tibia lead levels were 31.7 (19.2) and 22.5 (12.2) μg/g bone mineral, respectively. Cognitive tests measured attention, perceptual speed, memory, language, and spatial copying. Regression models, adjusted for age and education, demonstrated that men with higher levels of blood lead recalled and defined fewer words, identified fewer line-drawn objects, and required more time to attain the same level of accuracy on a perceptual comparison test as men with the lowest level of blood lead. Men with higher levels of blood and bone (tibia) lead copied spatial figures less accurately; men with higher levels of bone (tibia) lead had slower responses for pattern memory. These findings suggest that low levels of lead contribute to impairments in cognitive function among elderly men.
Changes in the concentration of nucleic acids in the aorta of rats in relation to body weight

Summary Pentose nucleic acid phosphorus (PNA-P) and deoxypentose nucleic acid phosphorus (DNA-P) have been determined in the aorta and the diaphragmatic muscle of male rats. Animals weighing between 60 and 290 g were studied. The aortic con centration of both nucleic acids increased with body weight while the P/D ratio decreased. No modifications were observed in the diaphragm. The water content was similar in the aorta as well as in the diaphragm throughout this range of body weight. Histologic findings suggest that the changes observed in the aorta may be totally or partially explained through lymphocytic infiltration of the inner avdentitia. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
Sharp melting in DNA-linked nanostructure systems: thermodynamic models of DNA-linked polymers.

Sharp melting that has been found for DNA-linked nanostructure systems such as DNA-linked gold nanoparticles enhances the resolution of DNA sequence detection enough to distinguish between a perfect match and single base pair mismatches. One intriguing explanation of the sharp melting involves the cooperative dehybridization of DNA strands between the nanostructures. However, in the DNA-linked gold nanoparticle system, strong optical absorption by the gold nanoparticles hinders the direct observation of cooperativity. Here, with a combination of theory and experiment, we investigate a DNA-linked polymer system in which we can show that the optical profile of the system at 260 nm is directly related to the individual DNA dehybridization profile, providing a clear distinction from other possible mechanisms. We find that cooperativity plays a crucial role in determining both the value of the melting temperature and the shape of the melting profile well away from the melting temperature. Our analysis suggests...
Breast cancer during oral contraceptive therapy.

The breast carcinomas of 5 women using oral contraception were compared with those of 11 controls. Each of the 5 women had taken a combination formula at some time and 1 had also used a sequential agent. The preparations of the 4 who had not taken a sequential pill were dominantly estrogenic in effect. No gross or microscopic features of the contraceptor carcinomas were perceived as different from those of a control group. From 1967 to 1970 4.4% of the total breast cancers of women at The Methodist Hospital in Houston were found in women under 35 years of age. This percentage is practically identical to the percentage which occurred in a study in which the use of oral contraception was rare (4.3% in Horsely J.S. et al. Ann. Surg. 169:839-843 1969). The doubling times of carcinoma support the view that some if not all of the contraceptor tumors in the study predated the start of hormone therapy. No evidence was found to indicate the hormones influenced preexisting or independently developing cancer. With the widespread use of the pill and the high frequency of certain uterine and breast neoplasms hormone use and a female cancer will often coexist unrelated causally in the same patient.
Effects of fenofibrate, a PPAR-α ligand, on the haemodynamics of glycerol-induced renal failure in rats.

The modulating effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligand on haemodynamic effects of phenylepherine (PE), angiotensin II (AII), endothelin 1 (ET1), acetylcholine (Ach), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and isoproterenol (ISO) were evaluated in glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in rats. The effect of PE on fenofibrate-treated animals was a dose-dependent increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). For AII and ET1, MAP was also increased for the fenofibrate group but not in a dose-dependent fashion. On the medullary blood flow (MBF), while the lower doses of PE and AII increased the perfusion unit on the fenofibrate-treated group, the higher doses decreased the perfusion unit. The ET1 increased the perfusion unit on this group but not in dose-dependent fashion. The effects of PE and AII on the cortical blood flow (CBF) of fenofibrate-treated group is similar to that of MBF for the same group but not for ET1. The effect of Ach, SNP and ISO in all the groups was the decrease in MAP. ISO ca...
Design and Analysis of Trochoidal Propulsors Using Nonlinear Programming Optimization Techniques

Flapping foil propulsors may increase the propulsive efficiency of large shipping vessels. This paper presents the design of a notional propulsor for an inland waterway vessel. Calculations for the trochoidal propulsor are performed using a lumped, two-dimensional model, which includes the influence of the free vortex wake, as well as approximations to account for three-dimensional effects. The numerical model is used to optimize the foil pitch function in order to achieve the highest efficiency for given geometric and operational parameters. Foil-to-foil interactions are studied for multiple-foil propulsors to determine effects of blade number on hydrodynamic efficiency. Considerations of packaging options for a trochoidal propulsor are explored. The results presented herein can also be applied to large- and mid-sized ships, such as international shipping vessels, fishing vessels, cruise liners, and military ships.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Explorations in Feminist Ideology: Surprising Consistencies and Unexamined Conflicts

The world view of a sample of feminist leaders within psychology was investigated and compared to a sample of faculty members at a local state college and of students enrolled in courses on women at that college. Results indicated that feminists leaders differ most from other groups in terms of their beliefs about biological causality and the way in which science works. They are also more socially constructionist in their viewpoint than other groups. Data are consistent with other findings indicating differences in covert ideological assumptions in scholars differing in theoretical orientation. It is suggested that what information one accepts as confirming “reality” may be more a matter of interpretation than of conflicting evidence.