cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An exploratory analysis of subject metadata in the digital public library of America

This paper presents results of an exploratory quantitative analysis of subject representation in the large dataset of over 8 million item-level metadata records in the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) originating from a number of institutions that serve as content or service hubs of DPLA. The findings demonstrate both similarities and differences in subject representation across content and service hub providers. This benchmark study provides empirical data about the distribution of subjects at the hub level (e.g., minimum, maximum, and average number of subjects per record; number of records without subjects; and number of unique subjects) as well as distribution by hub type (content or service hubs), and subjects shared across similar hubs or across the entire aggregation.
Bacteremia versus Endotoxemia in Experimental Mouse Leukopenia—Role of Antibiotic Chemotherapy

Imipenem and ceftazidime have different specificities for penicillin-binding proteins and cause a differential release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria in vitro. In studies in mice made leukopenic by the administration of cyclophosphamide, the innate relative resistance to the lethal effects of LPS was not significantly changed, but these animals became highly sensitized to bacterial infection. When leukopenic mice were challenged with graded doses of Escherichia coli O111:B4, an LD50 was achieved at a dose of approximately 10(6) cfu. Administration of either antibiotic resulted in a shift in the LD50 of approximately 500-fold, in contrast to D-galactosamine-treated LPS-sensitized mice, in which a < 10-fold increase in the LD50 was observed with antibiotic therapy. Further, if mice were made LPS-sensitive with D-galactosamine, no differences between leukopenic and normal mice were noted with antibiotic therapy.
Choice or Disparation? Theorising the Social in Social Media Systems

For millions of people around the world, social media systems now represent a central, material-semiotic mode of relation. At the level of algorithmic technique, their vision of the social is primarily achieved through the capture of, and interactive feedback upon choice and decision, made between information-objects as they are retrieved and circulated in communication. Choosing to befriend someone and not someone else, to linger over one product instead of another, or to select some search result over those above or below it, are all moments that differentiate a collective significance on these platforms. How might new materialist thinking intervene? The paper wonders whether current technical schemas for social media, which understand choice as an epistemic relation, might be fruitfully reconceived in terms of a prior ontological relation. Borrowing conceptual vocabulary from the philosopher Gilbert Simondon, the paper asks: how might we understand information as a differential effect of the distributed potential for becoming?
Natural Language Understanding

We describe several algorithms for developing natural language understanding (NLU) applications. The algorithms include a rule-based system and several statistical systems. We consider two major types of NLU applications: dialog systems and speech mining. For dialog systems, the NLU function aims to understand the full meaning of a userʼs request in the context of a human-machine interaction in a narrow domain such as travel reservation. For speech mining applications, the NLU function aims at detecting the presence of a limited set of concepts and some of their relations in unrestricted human-human conversations such as in a call center or an oral history digital library. We describe in more detail a statistical parsing algorithm using decision trees for dialog systems and two word-tagging algorithms for speech mining.
Photovoltaic and optical properties of perovskite thin films fabricated using Marangoni flow assisted electrospraying.

We have developed an electrospraying technique inspired from Marangoni flow seen in nature. We demonstrate our ability to synthesise highly crystalline uniform perovskite thin films with enhanced coverage and high absorption. Due to a difference in the vapour pressure of DMSO and NMP, a gradient force is developed that helps in propagating the incoming precursor droplet to coalesce and merge with other droplets thus inducing a dynamic self-assembly within the thin film. This results in thin films with high uniformity and good morphological and topological characteristics, that collectivelty resulted in a respectable PCE of greater than 14%. Optical studies are conducted in parallel to better understand the energy phase space of perovskite crystals. The high temperature tetragonal phase showed a high recombination rate of 180 ns, ideal for photovoltaic performances, while the low temperature measurements reveal considerable complexity in spectral and dynamic properties that demand further invesgtiation.
Nuclear FAM21 participates in NF-κB-dependent gene regulation in pancreatic cancer cells

The pentameric WASH complex is best known for its role in regulating receptor trafficking from retromer-rich endosomal subdomains. FAM21 functions to stabilize the WASH complex through its N-terminal head domain and localizes it to endosomes by directly binding the retromer through its extended C-terminal tail. Herein, we used affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry to identify additional FAM21-interacting proteins. Surprisingly, multiple components of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway were identified, including the p50 and p65 (RelA) NF-κB subunits. We show that FAM21 interacts with these components and regulates NF-κB-dependent gene transcription at the level of p65 chromatin binding. We further demonstrate that FAM21 contains a functional monopartite nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) as well as a CRM1/exportin1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES), both of which work jointly with the N-terminal head domain and C-terminal retromer recruitment domain to regulate FAM21 cytosolic and nuclear subcellular localization. Finally, our findings indicate that FAM21 depletion sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil. Thus, FAM21 not only functions as an integral component of the cytoplasmic WASH complex, but also modulates NF-κB gene transcription in the nucleus.
Inhibition of Diuresis by Hypnotics

The depression of diuretic function by anesthetics or hypnotics has often been attributed to certain effects peculiar to the type of anesthetic under consideration. Dooley and Wells1 have suggested that ether anuria may be explained as a reflex arising from pulmonary irritation. Pick and collaborators2, 3, 4, 5 have reported widely varying results with different hypnotics, some increasing diuresis in contrast to the more usual depression of function. Experiments in this laboratory, on the other hand, have indicated a more uniform depression of diuresis and have suggested that the effect is also associated with the condition of anesthesia in general. The chief exception to such a view is the reported diuretic effect of paraldehyde. The most prominent of these reports dealing with the effect on dogs is that by Bonsmann,5 who used 9 different hypnotics and obtained results varying widely between the 2 extremes represented by paraldehyde and sodium luminal. The effect of these 2 drugs on dogs has been reinves...
Myocardial kinetics of 99mTechnetium-Q agents: Studies in isolated cardiac myocyte, isolated perfused rat heart, and canine regional myocardial ischemia models

OBJECTIVE Based on reports of high cellular uptake and low plasma binding of nonreducible mixed ligand Tc(III) cations (Q complexes) and high linear uptake versus blood flow of 99mTc-Q3 in canine hearts, the authors hypothesized that the two Q complexes, 99mTc-Q63 and 99mTc-Q64, would have high cell uptake and better differentiation between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium compared with other 99mTc-based compounds. METHODS Uptake and retention kinetics of 99mTc-Q63 and 99mTc-Q64 were measured in isolated rat cardiac myocytes, isolated perfused rat hearts, and intact canines and compared with previously reported Q-based compounds, a clinically available 99mTc perfusion agent (sestamibi), and 201Tl. RESULTS Uptake of Q63, Q64, and sestamibi by isolated cardiac myocytes was similar. Maximum extraction (Emax) of Q64 by isolated perfused rat hearts was greatest among the 99mTc agents (P < 0.02), but net extraction (Enet) of Q64 was not different from Q63 or sestamibi 3 minutes after tracer injection. By 15 minutes, 201Tl Enet was lower than Q63, Q64, and sestamibi (P < 0.05). Among 99mTc agents, the uptake versus flow of Q3, Q63, and Q64 by canine heart was superior to Q12 and sestamibi (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The activity of Q63 and Q64 in the myocardium is related to actual myocardial blood flow over a broad, clinically relevant range of flows. The ischemic-to-normal zone activity distributions of Q63 and Q64 approximate actual flow in a manner more like that of 201Tl than sestamibi or Q12. These results provide a rational foundation in support of further evaluation of Q63 and Q64 in humans.
Resident dashboards: helping your clinical competency committee visualize trainees’ key performance indicators

Introduction : Under the Next Accreditation System, programs need to find ways to collect and assess meaningful reportable information on its residents to assist the program director regarding resident milestone progression. This paper discusses the process that one large Internal Medicine Residency Program used to provide both quantitative and qualitative data to its clinical competency committee (CCC) through the creation of a resident dashboard. Methods : Program leadership at a large university-based program developed four new end of rotation evaluations based on the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) and Accreditation Council of Graduated Medical Education’s (ACGME) 22 reportable milestones. A resident dashboard was then created to pull together both milestone- and non-milestone-based quantitative data and qualitative data compiled from faculty, nurses, peers, staff, and patients. Results : Dashboards were distributed to the members of the CCC in preparation for the semiannual CCC meeting. CCC members adjudicated quantitative and qualitative data to present their cohort of residents at the CCC meeting. Based on the committee’s response, evaluation scores remained the same or were adjusted. Final milestone scores were then entered into the accreditation data system (ADS) on the ACGME website. Conclusions : The process of resident assessment is complex and should comprise both quantitative and qualitative data. The dashboard is a valuable tool for program leadership to use both when evaluating house staff on a semiannual basis at the CCC and to the resident in person. Keywords: clinical competency committee; Next Accreditation System; reportable milestones (Published: 31 March 2016) Citation: Med Educ Online 2016, 21: 29838 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v21.29838
Research on the Development of Separation Device in Pulse Soild Rocket Motor

This paper analyzes the pulse separation device of external double pulse motor,which can be divided into five categories according to respective characteristics,including non-metallic frangible mode,jet rod mode,metal piece mode,non-metallic material mode and soft mode.The paper expounds research status of domestic double pulse motor,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various types of pulse separation device,and points out the gaps with foreign countries in the study.At last,it gives suggestions for future development of domestic research on pulse solid rocket motor.
Quickest search over correlated sequences with model uncertainty

An ordered set of data sequences is given where, broadly, the data sequences are categorized into normal and abnormal ones. The normal sequences consist of random variables generated according to a known distribution, while there exist uncertainties about the distributions of the abnormal sequences. Moreover, the generations of different sequences are correlated, induced by an underlying physical coupling, where a sequence being normal or abnormal depends on the status of the rest of the sequences according to a known dependency kernel. The objective is to design the quickest sequential and data-adaptive sampling procedure for identifying one abnormal sequence. This quickest search strategy strikes a balance between the quality and agility of the search process, as two opposing figures of merit. This paper characterizes the sampling and search strategy. Motivated by the fact that full characterization of such strategies can become computationally prohibitive, this paper also proposes asymptotically optimal sampling and search strategies that are computationally efficient.
A Novel Multi-Agent Decision Making Architecture Based on Dual’s Dual Problem Formulation

In this paper, a novel multi-agent decision making architecture based on dual’s dual problem formulation is designed for economic operation. The benefits of such architecture include its limited information exchange among autonomous entities and the ease of implementation. Existing ac optimal power flow (OPF) software packages can be easily incorporated. The proposed decision making is based on dual’s dual problem formulation, which is the first time seen in the literature to tackle an OPF problem. Subgradient-based iterative solving procedure results in a multi-agent decision making architecture. Convergence property of the algorithm is analyzed. The application scope of the proposed method is also discussed to identify challenges for meshed networks. Case studies are given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in providing approximate solutions to IEEE 14-bus system ac OPF. Implementing the proposed decision making architecture in real world is also demonstrated in a dynamic simulation platform.
High-speed gigapixel and 3D phase microscopy using coded illumination (Conference Presentation)

Microscope lenses can have either large field of view (FOV) or high resolution, not both. Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a new computational microscopy technique that circumvents this limit by fusing information from multiple images taken with different illumination angles. The result is a Gigapixel-scale image having both wide FOV and high resolution, i.e. large space-bandwidth product. FPM has enormous potential for revolutionizing microscopy and has already found application in digital pathology. However, it suffers from long acquisition times (on the order of minutes), limiting throughput. Faster capture times would not only improve imaging speed, but also allow studies of live samples, where motion artifacts degrade results. Here, we present a new source coding scheme to improve the acquisition time by several orders of magnitude, enabling high space-bandwidth-time product imaging. We demonstrate our high-speed Gigapixel phase microscopy method by imaging both growing and confluent in vitro cell cultures, capturing videos of subcellular dynamical phenomena in popular cell lines undergoing division and migration. Further, we extend the Gigapixel imaging capability to 3D by processing 4D light field measurements from sequential illumination scanning. Starting from geometric optics light field refocusing, we incorporate phase retrieval and correct diffraction artifacts using a multislice coherent model that accounts for multiple scattering. Further, we incorporate dark-field images to achieve lateral resolution beyond the diffraction limit of the objective (5× larger NA) and optical sectioning better than the depth of field, using a low-magnification objective with a large FOV.
Basics of energy production through anaerobic digestion of livestock manure

Abstract This chapter gives an overview of the Anaerobic Digestion Process using livestock manure. The benefits of anaerobic digestion and what makes an operation appropriate for anaerobic digestion are described.
Creatively Teaching Introductory Psychology in Liberal Arts Institutions

Introductory psychology courses are generally designed primarily for pre-professional training and organized like traditional textbooks, that is, topical (overviews of various sub-disciplines of psychological discourse without specific concern for ordering of material or forging connections between topics); ahistorical (insufficient attention to how past discoveries inform present theory and research), and insulated and isolated from other academic disciplines. Such courses are often unsuccessful in college settings, where professors must prepare prospective majors for future study and pre-professional training, while simultaneously engaging and informing other students with more general interests in the liberal arts. In this chapter I present an overview of my effort to transform introductory psychology from a topical, a-historical, academically insular venture to a “sequential hierarchy of multimodal interdisciplinary recursive experiences.”
Rapid and Minimally Traumatic Replacement of Stimulator Extension Cables: Technical Note on a Novel Use for Sternal Wire.

Background Troubleshooting of deep brain stimulators (DBSs, Activa SC/PC/RC Medtronic PLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA) sometimes results in a decision to replace a tunneled stretch-coil extension cable. We present a simple technique to accomplish this atraumatically without a tunneling tool. Objectives In the treatment of patients with a DBS, complication avoidance and efficiency of operative time are paramount. We sought to find the safest, most effective, and fastest method of performing the conceptually simple yet technically nuanced act of replacing lead extension cables. Methods We connected #6 (8.0 metric) surgical steel 18″ (45-cm) monofilament (Ethicon US, LLC, Somerville, New Jersey, USA), also known as #6 sternal wire, in line with DBS extension cables (Medtronic DBS Extension 37086-60) in novel fashion to overcome intraprocedural hurdles encountered during the past decade in a busy functional neurosurgery service. Results Patients tolerate the procedure well and return home shortly after recovery with no complications. Conclusions A less expensive and faster technique for passing pulse generator extension cables may be the use of a sternal wire. Using the described technique, pulse generators may be quickly and safely adjusted from side to side and site to site as the clinical situation dictates.
A new incarnation of action language h

In this paper we present a new version of action language H which is more expressive and powerful than its previous version. We enhanced the syntax to include triggers which allows us to reason about natural actions. The new version is capable of modeling a variety of domains, demonstrating that it is a good language for knowledge representation. We present the syntax and semantics of the language and show how it can be used to model the behavior of a bouncing ball.
Association of Magnet Status With Hospitalization Outcomes for Ischemic Stroke Patients

BackgroundIt is not clear whether Magnet recognition by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (nursing excellence program) is associated with improved patient outcomes. We investigated whether h...
The proteome and transcriptome of the infectious metacyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei define quiescent cells primed for mammalian invasion

The infectious metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei result from a complex development in the tsetse fly vector. When they infect mammals, they cause African sleeping sickness in humans. Due to scarcity of biological material and difficulties of the tsetse fly as an experimental system, very limited information is available concerning the gene expression profile of metacyclic forms. We used an in vitro system based on expressing the RNA binding protein 6 to obtain infectious metacyclics and determined their protein and mRNA repertoires by mass-spectrometry (MS) based proteomics and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in comparison to non-infectious procyclic trypanosomes. We showed that metacyclics are quiescent cells, and propose this influences the choice of a monocistronic variant surface glycoprotein expression site. Metacyclics have a largely bloodstream-form type transcriptome, and thus are programmed to translate a bloodstream-form type proteome upon entry into the mammalian host and resumption of cell division. Genes encoding cell surface components showed the largest changes between procyclics and metacyclics, observed at both the transcript and protein levels. Genes encoding metabolic enzymes exhibited expression in metacyclics with features of both procyclic and bloodstream forms, suggesting that this intermediate-type metabolism is dictated by the availability of nutrients in the tsetse fly vector.
The Place for Physical Training in the School and College Curriculum

(1900). The Place for Physical Training in the School and College Curriculum. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-17.
Red Rashes of the Vulva

Red patches and plaques of the vulva may be manifestations of neoplasms, infections, or inflammatory skin diseases. These diseases can mimic one another clinically; features that generally allow the diseases to be identified on most cutaneous surfaces can be altered in the moist, occluded vulvar environment, making clinical diagnosis difficult. A detailed history and thorough physical examination can point to the likely diagnosis, but biopsy and culture may be needed for diagnosis especially in refractory disease. It is not uncommon for several of these processes to be present concomitantly or complicating other vulvar diseases.
Regulatory (de) Convergence: Localism, Federalism, and Nationalism in American Telecommunications Policy

This chapter discusses how the issue of statewide cable franchising in the United States reintroduced us to two actors in communication policymaking that have long been dormant: local municipalities and state legislatures. Moreover, it exemplifies both convergence and deconvergence in American telecommunications policy. Convergence occurred through the 1996 Telecommunications Act that allowed multi-modal competition in cable, telephony, and internet. Deconvergence occurred with the emergence of new policy actors. Separately, neither regulatory convergence nor deconvergence are problematic. Their concurrence, however, has led to a state of what critical political economists call “regulatory capture” and “policy failure.” As a result, the public interest is often left unprotected while the various legislative and regulatory bodies vie for jurisdictional authority over cable television.
Self-Control and Overcontrol: Conceptual, Ethical, and Ideological Issues in Positive Psychology

In what they call their “manual of the sanities”—a positive psychology handbook describing contemporary research on strengths of character—Christopher Peterson and Martin Seligman argue that “there is no true disadvantage of having too much self-control.” This claim is widely endorsed in the research literature. I argue that it is false. My argument proceeds in three parts. First, I identify conceptual confusion in the definition of self-control, specifically as it pertains to the claim that you cannot be too self-controlled. Second, I consider disadvantages to having too much self-control, several of which point to the value of acting spontaneously from time to time, in a pointedly uncontrolled way. Third, I raise worries about the social and political values embedded in the science of self-control. Self-control as it is understood in the positive psychology literature benefits some people more than others, depending, for example, on their race and their socio-economic status. I conclude by briefly outlining an empirical framework for understanding self-control in traditional virtue theoretic terms as something that admits of deficiencies and excesses.
Converging and diverging needs between patients and providers who are collecting and using patient-generated health data: an integrative review

Objective This integrative review identifies convergent and divergent areas of need for collecting and using patient-generated health data (PGHD) identified by patients and providers (i.e., physicians, nurses, advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, and dietitians). Methods A systematic search of 9 scholarly databases targeted peer-reviewed studies published after 2010 that reported patients' and/or providers' needs for incorporating PGHD in clinical care. The studies were assessed for quality and bias with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. The results section of each article was coded to themes inductively developed to categorize patient and provider needs. Distinct claims were extracted and areas of convergence and divergence identified. Results Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. All had moderate to low risk of bias. Three themes (clinical, logistic, and technological needs), and 13 subthemes emerged. Forty-eight claims were extracted. Four were divergent and twenty were convergent. The remainder was discussed by only patients or only providers. Conclusion As momentum gains for integrating PGHD into clinical care, this analysis of primary source data is critical to understanding the requirements of the 2 groups directly involved in collection and use of PGHD.
Extending CRPGs as an interactive storytelling form

Computer role-playing games (CRPGs) have strong narratives, but in general lack a density of interesting and meaningful choices for the player within the story. We have identified two main components of player interaction within the story--quests and character interaction--to address in a new playable experience, Mismanor. In this paper we focus on the character interaction aspect. In particular, it describes how we use the Comme il Faut system to support emergent social interactions between the player and the game characters based on player's traits and the social state of the game world. We discuss the design and creation of the game as well as the modifications to the systems required to support this new CRPG experience.
Kuryłowicz, Jerzy (1895–1978)

Kurylowicz was a prolific scholar, and his works covered topics in Indo–European, Germanic, Romance, Semitic, and Slavic linguistics, as well as general linguistics. In his early works, he accepted principles of structural linguistics in his analysis of diachronic linguistic material. After World War II, he focused on the accentuation of Indo–European languages and the issue of apophony (ablaut) in Indo–European languages. He became particularly interested in the subject of linguistic analogy in the historical development of languages and elaborated upon what he considered to be a series of laws for linguistic analogy.
Widening the net: A syndemic approach to responsible gambling

Abstract. Background: Attempts to address gambling-related harms have evolved rubrics to foster responsible gambling and informed choice. Those efforts have largely focused on apportioning the rela...
Protean and boundaryless career orientations: A critical review and meta-analysis

The protean/boundaryless career concepts refer to people becoming more self-directed and flexible in managing their careers in response to societal shifts in work arrangements. A sizable literature has emerged on protean/boundaryless career orientations/preferences (PBCO). Questions remain, however, about the structure of PBCO and whether they predict important criteria. The PBCO literature is largely disconnected from broader individual-level career research, making it unclear how PBCO intersect with career models based on other characteristics. We address these questions by systematically reviewing/meta-analyzing PBCO research. On the basis of 135 demographically/occupationally diverse samples from 35 countries (45,288 individuals), we find no support for traditional distinctions between protean and boundaryless orientations-protean self-directed, protean values-driven, and boundaryless psychological mobility all load onto a single general factor, labeled proactive career orientation, and are only weakly related to boundaryless physical mobility preferences. We also find that PBCO predict career self-management behaviors and career satisfaction but are less related to non-career-focused attitudes, objective success, or physical mobility behavior. PBCO are strongly related to proactivity-related and self-efficacy personality traits. We use these findings to propose an integrative model for how PBCO and other dispositions mutually influence career behavior. We discuss when PBCO may have advantages over broad traits for understanding careers, implications for counseling practice, and directions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Discussions About Antibiotics During Adolescent Asthma Visits: Implications for Providers.

Children with asthma are exposed to antibiotics more frequently than their peers. The quality of provider-patient discussion about antibiotics is unknown. In this secondary data analysis, we review...
Therapeutic Potential of Targeting ß-Arrestin

s-arrestins are multifunctional proteins that modulate heptahelical 7 transmembrane receptors, also known as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a superfamily of receptors that regulate most physiological processes. s-arrestin modulation of GPCR function includes termination of G protein-dependent signaling, initiation of s-arrestin-dependent signaling, receptor trafficking to degradative or recycling pathways, receptor transactivation, transcriptional regulation, and localization of second messenger regulators. The pleiotropic influence s-arrestins exert on these receptors regulates a breadth of physiological functions, and additionally, s-arrestins are involved in the pathophysiology of numerous and wide-ranging diseases, making them prime therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms by which s-arrestins regulate GPCR signaling, including the functional cellular mechanisms modulated by s-arrestins and relate this to observed pathophysiological responses associated with s-arrestins. We focus on the role for s-arrestins in transducing cell signaling; a pathway that is complementary to the classical G protein-coupling pathway. The existence of these GPCR dual signaling pathways offers an immense therapeutic opportunity through selective targeting of one signaling pathway over the other. Finally, we will consider several mechanisms by which the potential of dual signaling pathway regulation can be harnessed and the implications for improved disease treatments.
Clinical Outcomes to Be Evaluated

Acute postoperative pain can cause adverse effects if not well controlled. It will not only reduce patient satisfaction but can increase morbidity, length of hospital stays and health costs.
Abstract 1128: Metastasis suppressor RKIP modulates gene expression variance in triple negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer with a highly metastatic phenotype. Conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy are generally ineffective at treating metastasis. Natural metastasis suppressors such as the Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) are not functional in many TNBC cases and associated with poorer relapse-free survival. Although tumor cell heterogeneity is strongly implicated in contributing to metastasis, it is unknown whether metastasis suppression by RKIP reduces heterogeneity. Therefore, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse TNBC tumors as well as cultured cells to study the effect of RKIP overexpression on gene expression variance in tumor cells. Elucidating RKIP’s effect on gene expression variance at the single cell level reveals gene sets that are important in tumor cell transitions from non-metastatic to metastatic states. We predict that the gene sets whose variance is decreased by RKIP are effective drug targets for metastatic breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Dongbo Yang, Sebastian Pott, Marsha Rosner. Metastasis suppressor RKIP modulates gene expression variance in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1128.
The Effects of Family Transitions on Depressive Symptoms: Differences among Young Adults with and without Childhood Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is tied to higher levels of depression, but the social factors that shape these associations are not well understood. This study considers whether fa...
Probing Compositional Order in Atomic Columns: STEM Simulations Beyond the Virtual Crystal Approximation.

Taking advantage of recent advances in parallel computing, we studied compositional disorder along metal–oxygen atomic columns in a complex Mo,V-oxide bronze using multislice frozen-phonon calculations. Commonly, the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) is used to model compositional disorder at crystallographic sites in a unit cell for a number of different theoretical and experimental techniques. In the VCA, a weighted linear sum of atomic properties is used to approximate the model structure. When using the VCA, the extracted V content of Mo,V–O columns from experimental high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images will be about half the V content estimated from simulations, considering the distinct cation ordering. This discrepancy is larger than the spread of HAADF signals of different configurational orders at a given V concentration, which can be up to 20%. Certain “isophilic” atomic arrangements along the column can be distinguished from more random ones using HAADF-STEM imaging. The trends and ratios of the simulated intensity spreads due to different compositional ordering along 11 M–O columns along the c-axis of the Mo,V oxide bronze qualitatively match those observed in experimental HAADF-STEM data. Instrumental and sample-based noise adds to the variability but does not significantly distort the relative ratios of column intensity variation. We observed that we only required seven random configurations to represent the intensity variations along columns.
Contributory Factors to Academic Librarian Turnover: A Mixed-Methods Study

Motivation: Research has shown that high employee turnover is correlated with negative overall performance and increased costs.Problem: While employee turnover has been a significant area of study ...
Tibial Tubercle Anteromedialization Osteotomy

Tibial tubercle osteotomies (TTOs) are procedures designed to address patellofemoral (PF) joint disorders including malalignment, instability, and articular cartilage lesions or arthritis through distal realignment of the extensor mechanism. These osteotomies are generally performed to correct excessive lateralization (external rotation) of the tibial tubercle and/or unload portions of the PF joint. Multiple osteotomy techniques have been described, including the Elmslie–Trillat [1] procedure for direct medialization, Maquet procedure for direct anteriorization [2], and the Fulkerson procedure for anteromedialization (AMZ) [3]. The tibial tubercle can also be moved proximally or distally to correct patella infera or patella alta, respectively.
The Application of Wavelet Filtering in the Dynamic Loading Identification System of Rock Roadheaders

On the basis of wavelet transform theory and method, wavelet transform is applied to filter the cutting head vibration signal and cutting motor current signal for tunneling dynamic load identification system. Wavelet filtering uses wavelet domain threshold filtering method. The method and principle of threshold filtering are introduced, and the selection method of wavelet base is proposed. It is verified and practiced in Matlab and the simulation results show that the time-frequency localization property of wavelet packet threshold denoising can filter a large amount of background noise in non-stationary signals. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) after denoising is obviously higher than that of Fourier filtering, which fully demonstrates the superiority of wavelet packet threshold method in non-stationary signal denoising.
A Rare Case of Ecchordosis Physaliphora Presenting With Headache, Abducens Nerve Palsy, and Intracranial Hypertension.

We report a rare case of ecchordosis physaliphora presenting with headache, nausea, and diplopia. On neurological examination, the patient was found to have left abducens nerve palsy. CT of the head without contrast was unremarkable. Brain MRI demonstrated a non-enhancing retroclival mass with a mass effect upon the ventral pons. The mass had increased signal intensity on T2 and decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences. Lumbar puncture revealed an opening pressure of 37 cm H2O. The patient underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach for retroclival mass resection three weeks later. The tissue analysis of the mass was consistent with ecchordosis physaliphora. This could have been misdiagnosed as idiopathic intracranial hypertension had the MRI of the brain not been performed.
Technical Note: Multiple energy extraction techniques for synchrotron-based proton delivery systems may exacerbate motion interplay effects in lung cancer treatments.

PURPOSE The multiple energy extraction (MEE) delivery technique for synchrotron-based proton delivery systems reduces beam delivery time by decelerating the beam multiple times during one accelerator spill, but this might cause additional plan quality degradation due to intrafractional motion. We seek to determine whether MEE causes significantly different plan quality degradation compared to single energy extraction (SEE) for lung cancer treatments due to the interplay effect. METHODS Ten lung cancer patients treated with IMPT at our institution were nonrandomly sampled based on a representative range of tumor motion amplitudes, tumor volumes, and respiratory periods. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) indices from single-fraction SEE and MEE four-dimensional (4D) dynamic dose distributions were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Distributions of monitor units (MU) to breathing phases were investigated for features associated with plan quality degradation. SEE and MEE DVH indices were compared in fractionated deliveries of the worst-case patient treatment scenario to evaluate the impact of fractionation. RESULTS There were no clinically significant differences in target mean dose, target dose conformity, or dose to organs-at-risk between SEE and MEE in single-fraction delivery. Three patients had significantly worse dose homogeneity with MEE compared to SEE (single-fraction mean D5% -D95% increased by up to 9.6% of prescription dose), and plots of MU distribution to breathing phases showed synchronization patterns with MEE but not SEE. However, after 30 fractions the patient in the worst-case scenario had clinically acceptable target dose homogeneity and coverage with MEE (mean D5% -D95% increased by 1% compared to SEE). CONCLUSIONS For some patients with breathing periods close to the mean spill duration, MEE resulted in significantly worse single-fraction target dose homogeneity compared to SEE due to the interplay effect. However, this was mitigated by fractionation, and target dose homogeneity and coverage were clinically acceptable after 30 fractions with MEE.
Municipal and sub-federal debt market in 2020

The crisis phenomena in the global and Russian economy directly related to the introduction of quarantine measures in 2020, led to the deficit of the consolidated regional budget. At end-2020, the consolidated regional budget and the budgets of territorial state extra-budgetary funds ran a deficit of Rb667.4 bn, or 0.63% of GDP. To compare, in 2019 the consolidated regional budget and the budgets of territorial state extra-budgetary funds ran a surplus of Rb17.4 bn, or 0.02% of GDP.
Solvation of Isoelectronic Halide and Alkali Metal Ions by Argon Atoms.

This work systematically examines the interactions of alkali metal cations and their isoelectronic halide counterparts with up to six solvating Ar atoms (M+Arn and X-Arn, where M = Li, Na, K, and Rb; X = H, F, Cl, and Br; and n = 1-6) via full geometry optimizations with the MP2 method and robust, correlation-consistent quadruple-ζ (QZ) basis sets. 116 unique M+Arn and X-Arn stationary points have been characterized on the MP2/QZ potential energy surface. To the best of our knowledge, approximately two dozen of these stationary points have been reported here for the first time. Some of these new structures are either the lowest-energy stationary point for a particular cluster or energetically competitive with it. The CCSD(T) method was employed to perform additional single-point energy computations upon all MP2/QZ-optimized structures using the same basis set. CCSD(T)/QZ results indicate that internally solvated structures with the ion at/near the geometric center of the cluster have appreciably higher energies than those placing the ion on the periphery. While this study extends the prior investigations of M+Arn clusters found within the literature, it notably provides one of the first thorough characterizations of and comparisons to the corresponding negatively charged X-Arn clusters.
Fatty Acids: Potentially Crucial Modulators of the Malignant Hyperthermia Syndrome

While defects in the ryanodine receptor may in some cases be necessary to impart the potential for malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptibility, these defects are not sufficient to account for the MH syndrome. Obvious examples include swine homozygous for the proposed ryanodine receptor arginine to cysteine #615 MH mutation that do not exhibit an MH reaction at a young age [1] and those that do not consistently exhibit a reaction even as an adult, despite the administration of more than adequate amounts of triggering agents [2].
Mechanisms of pathogenesis of staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens

In order to infect a host successfully, to access nutrients, and to promote the progression of disease, many pathogenic bacteria, such as the staphylococci and streptococci, produce exoproteins which enhance microbial virulence. Among these proteins is the family of toxins known today as the superantigens (SAg). This family includes the pyrogenic toxin SAg (PTSAg), such as the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE, serotypes A-E, G, H), group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPE, serotypes A-C and possibly F), streptococcal SAg (SSA), and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1. The following is a review of the biochemistry, structure, and mechanisms of pathogenicity of the PTSAg and the shared and unique properties of each. The properties of other relevant superantigenic proteins such as the staphylococcal exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB) will also be discussed.
Cantilever-Loaded Insulators for Isolated-Phase Bus [includes discussion]

Previous tests and experience have shown that the reliability of isolatedphase busses was not reduced in changing the insulator loading from compression only to compression-tension. Mathematical studies and laboratory tests of the shielding effect of the enclosure1 show that the reduction in force on the insulators is of considerable magnitude. This makes the use of the cantilever loaded insulators a very practical solution to the problem of reducing the number of insulators in the bus. Tests have shown that the isolated phase bus with cantileverloaded insulators will withstand the maximum momentary currents now available with ample factors of safety. An isolated-phase bus was tested up to 350,000 amperes, rms, with insulators spaced 8 feet apart. Even at this high value of current the load on the insulators was 26 per cent under the actual breaking load of the insulator assembly as determined by test. The load on the insulator was less than 15 per cent of the load which would have appeared if the enclosures were not present. At 200,000 amperes, the insulator was loaded to only 77 per cent of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) rating. This is powerful proof of the shielding effect of the isolated-phase enclosures, and that the cantilever insulator is more than adequate to meet present and future momentary requirements.
Relationship between abundance, growth, egg size and fecundity in a landlocked population of longfin smelt, Spirinchus thaleichthys

Sixteen year-classes of longfin smelt, Spirinchus thaleichthys, show a consistent pattern of alternating year-class strength between even (strong) and odd (weak) years. A recent (1989) odd year-class grew as well as, if not better than, the late 1960s odd year-classes. However, fish in the even year-classes (1988 and 1990) were significantly smaller in size then the 1966 and 1968 cohorts. Associated with this reduction in growth of the even year-class fish is a decline in fecundity. Fecundity of the odd year-classes of smelt was also smaller than in the early 1960s. Mean egg diameter and gonadosomatic index were not statistically different between 1988 and 1989 year-classes but the relative fecundity was higher for the 1988 year-class than for 1989, suggesting a higher reproductive investment in the even year-class. Reduction in growth and associated reproductive traits is considered to result from a reduction in the abundance of mysids, a preferred prey species.
AI's philosophical underpinnings

A philosophical view is given of artificial intelligence. The article examines: the behaviorist model; symbolic AI; intelligence and evolution; and cognition. It is concluded that the common framework for AI will have to come from brain architecture. Abstracting relevant principles remains extremely difficult until we really understand the interplay between the sensing level and the highest levels of cognition.
Protein-Protein Docking and Analysis Reveal That Two Homologous Bacterial Adenylyl Cyclase Toxins Interact with Calmodulin Differently

Calmodulin (CaM), a eukaryotic calcium sensor that regulates diverse biological activities, consists of N- and C-terminal globular domains (N-CaM and C-CaM, respectively). CaM serves as the activator of CyaA, a 188-kDa adenylyl cyclase toxin secreted by Bordetella pertussis, which is the etiologic agent for whooping cough. Upon insertion of the N-terminal adenylyl cyclase domain (ACD) of CyaA to its targeted eukaryotic cells, CaM binds to this domain tightly (∼200 pm affinity). This interaction activates the adenylyl cyclase activity of CyaA, leading to a rise in intracellular cAMP levels to disrupt normal cellular signaling. We recently solved the structure of CyaA-ACD in complex with C-CaM to elucidate the mechanism of catalytic activation. However, the structure of the interface between N-CaM and CyaA, the formation of which contributes a 400-fold increase of binding affinity between CyaA and CaM, remains elusive. Here, we used site-directed mutations and molecular dynamic simulations to generate several working models of CaM-bound CyaA-ACD. The validity of these models was evaluated by disulfide bond cross-linking, point mutations, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments. Our study reveals that a β-hairpin region (amino acids 259–273) of CyaA-ACD likely makes contacts with the second calcium binding motif of the extended CaM. This mode of interaction differs from the interaction of N-CaM with anthrax edema factor, which binds N-CaM via its helical domain. Thus, two structurally conserved, bacterial adenylyl cyclase toxins have evolved to utilize distinct binding surfaces and modes of activation in their interaction with CaM, a highly conserved eukaryotic signaling protein.