cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Respiratory care managers' preferences regarding baccalaureate and master's degree education for respiratory therapists.

OBJECTIVE: Determine respiratory care managers9 preferences regarding baccalaureate and master9s degree education for practicing respiratory therapists (RTs). METHODS: A survey was mailed to 1,444 members of the Management Section of the American Association for Respiratory Care. Managers were asked about their preferences for RTs who hold or are pursuing baccalaureate degrees, the value of various courses of study (majors), and degrees earned via distance learning. Demographic data and attitudes about distance learning, content, and target audiences for master9s degree programs were also collected. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of those polled responded. Thirty-four percent of respondents preferred baccalaureate degree over associate degree for entry-level RTs, 28% had no preference, and 38% no opinion. Regarding hiring of experienced RTs, 70% of respondents preferred RTs with baccalaureate degrees. Regarding baccalaureate completion degree majors, advanced respiratory care practice was most highly valued. Sixty percent thought that a degree earned via distance learning was equivalent to one earned in the traditional classroom setting; 23% thought a distance learning degree was of less value; 3% thought a distance learning degree was of greater value; and 14% were uncertain. The respondents thought graduate degrees were valuable for managers, clinical specialists, educators, and supervisors. Although 95% of managers would recommend graduate programs that have some distance learning courses, only 75% would recommend programs offered solely via distance learning. CONCLUSIONS: For RTs who plan to complete a baccalaureate degree, majoring in advanced respiratory care practice is potentially valuable. Managers showed preference for hiring experienced RTs with baccalaureate degrees but did not prefer entry-level therapists with baccalaureate degrees. Graduate degrees are supported for managers, clinical specialists, educators, and supervisors. Most managers supported some use of distance learning for graduate degrees.
The Status of the Sibling Species Peromyscus merriami and Peromyscus eremicus

The taxonomic status of Peromyscus merriami Mearns is reviewed. This species is very similar morphologically to Peromyscus eremicus and in certain areas the two kinds occur sympatrically. The similarities are so great that specimens of the two kinds are easily confused. Differences between the species are discussed and evaluated. The most diagnostic characters are size and shape of baculum, length of hind foot, length of ear and mastoid breadth. Total length of animal, length of skull and coloration are sometimes useful. With a better basis for recognizing the species P. merriami , a more complete distributional picture is given and the two subspecies, P. m. merriami and P. m. goldmani , are more fully characterized.
Developing customized weight function by structural optimization on parallel computers

A procedure for generating a customized weight function for wing bending material weight of the High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) is described. Response surface methodology is used to fit a quadratic polynomial to data gathered from a large number of structural optimizations. Coarsegrained parallelization of structural optimization is achieved by a master-slave processor arrangement on an Intel Paragon computer. Noisy behavior of the structural optimization results is discussed, and it is shown that the response surface filters out this noise. Several techniques are employed in order to minimize the number of required structural optimizations and to maintain accuracy. Simple analysis techniques are used to find regions of the design space where reasonable HSCT designs could occur, thus customizing the weight function to the design requirements of the HSCT. Intervening variables and analysis of variance are employed to reduce the number of polynomial terms in the response surface model function. Overall optimizations of the HSCT are compared to optimizations with a more general weight function.
Reduced expression of the oligosaccharyltransferase exacerbates protein hypoglycosylation in cells lacking the fully assembled oligosaccharide donor

A defect in the assembly of the oligosaccharide donor (Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2)Man(9)Glc(3)) for N-linked glycosylation causes hypoglycosylation of proteins by the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST). Mammalian cells express two OST complexes that have different catalytic subunits (STT3A or STT3B). We monitored glycosylation of proteins in asparagine-linked glycosylation 6 (ALG6) deficient cell lines that assemble Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2)Man(9) as the largest oligosaccharide donor. Based upon pulse labeling experiments, 30-40% of STT3A-dependent glycosylation sites and 20% of STT3B-dependent sites are skipped in ALG6-congenital disorders of glycosylation fibroblasts supporting previous evidence that the STT3B complex has a relaxed preference for the fully assembled oligosaccharide donor. Glycosylation of STT3B-dependent sites was more severely reduced in the ALG6 deficient MI8-5 cell line. Protein immunoblot analysis and RT-PCR revealed that MI8-5 cells express 2-fold lower levels of STT3B than the parental Chinese hamster ovary cells. The combination of reduced expression of STT3B and the lack of the optimal Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2)Man(9)Glc(3) donor synergize to cause very severe hypoglycosylation of proteins in MI8-5 cells. Thus, differences in OST subunit expression can modify the severity of hypoglycosylation displayed by cells with a primary defect in the dolichol oligosaccharide assembly pathway.
P-007 Incidence and Management of Intimal Hyperplasia at 6 months after Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms

Introduction/purpose A new option in the treatment of large and complex intracranial aneurysms centerd along the cavernous/intradural segment of the ICA, proximal to the PCom artery, includes the utilization of flow-diverter devices. Intracranial stent/ flow diverter deployment in the treatment of aneurysm usually requires the administration of dual antiplatelet therapy for 3–12 months. Our usual protocol is to switch to mono-therapy with Aspirin after 6 months. We analyzed the results after continuing dual anti-platelet therapy based on the intimal hyperplasia (IH) noted on the 6 month follow-up cerebral angiography. The purpose of this study is to assess at 1-year follow-up the efficacy of mono or dual antiplatelet therapy in the management of in-PED IH observed at the 6-month cerebral angiogram. Materials and methods From October 2011 to February 2014, a total of 93 intracranial aneurysms in 83 patients (16 men and 67 women; age range, 19–85 years; mean age, 56.6 years) were treated with pipeline embolization device (PED) at our institution. A cone-beam CT (Philips, Allura Biplane FD20/20, Philips Medical, Best, Netherlands) was obtained using the angiography C-arm to assess for IH at FU angiographies. At 6-month follow-up (39 patients with 46 aneurysms) 8 cases of in-PED no-flow limiting minimal IH ( Results In the 8 patients having IH at the 6 months angiogram, 4 patients have till now underwent a 1 year follow-up. Complete resolution of the intimal hyperplasia was seen in 3 patients, whereas a stable IH was noted in one patient. One year follow up angiography was available for an additional 11 patients, who did not have IH at the 6 month FU. The 1 year FU angiography in these patients demonstrated no interval development of IH after stopping Clopidogrel at the 6 month time period. Conclusion In our experience the adjustment of antiplatelet drug therapy post endovascular PED treatment of intracranial aneurysm depending on 6 month follow up findings is strongly associated with complete Pipeline Embolization Device patency at 1-year follow-up. Furthermore in our experience cone-beam CT is an accurate and precise tool in the assessment of in-PED intimal hyperplasia development during follow-up. Disclosures F. Massari: None. A. Puri: None. S. Hou: None. M. Perras: None. C. Brooks: None. C. Stout: None. M. Gounis: None. A. Wakhloo: None.
Thermal Vacuum Test Correlation of a Zero Propellant Load Case Thermal Capacitance Propellant Gauging Analytical Model

This thesis describes the development and correlation of a thermal model that forms the foundation of a thermal capacitance spacecraft propellant load estimator. Specific details of creating the thermal model for the diaphragm propellant tank used on NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft using ANSYS and the correlation process implemented are presented. The thermal model was correlated to within plus or minus 3 degrees Celsius of the thermal vacuum test data, and was determined sufficient to make future propellant predictions on MMS. The model was also found to be relatively sensitive to uncertainties in applied heat flux and mass knowledge of the tank. More work is needed to improve temperature predictions in the upper hemisphere of the propellant tank where predictions were found to be 2 to 2.5 C lower than the test data. A road map for applying the model to predict propellant loads on the actual MMS spacecraft toward its end of life in 2017-2018 is also presented.
Patterns of Unemployment in North America, Western Europe and Japan

With few exceptions, unemployment rates throughout the Western world have increased sharply during the past five years. Although they have begun to decline in several countries, especially the United States, it appears that they will remain at historically high levels for at least several more years. In this paper we shall present an overview of recent unemployment patterns in North America, Japan and several countries in western Europe.
A Source Representation Space Approach To Eigenstructure Based Broadband Source Location Estimation

For broadband Source Location Estimation (SLE), two new broadband spatial spectral estimation algorithms are described which utilize the eigenstructure of a broadband spatial/temporal data covariance matrix. The algorithms are formulated using a broadband source model, termed the broadband source representation space. The model, a subspace of the source observation space, is developed and employed to establish the plausibility of broadband matrix eigenstructure methods. For one of the proposed algorithms, broadband source representation space basis vectors are used directly. Simulations are presented illustrating performance and extensions are noted.
Intravascular hemodynamics and coronary artery disease: new insights and clinical implications.

Intracoronary hemodynamics play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process. Low pro-inflammatory endothelial shear stress impacts vascular physiology and leads to the occurrence of coronary artery disease and its implications.
Aerosol methods to fabricate perovskite solar cells

Perovskite-based solar cells have shown tremendous increase in the efficiency over the past few years and simultaneously have low processing cost. However, the stability of the material and hence of the device is still a challenge. In order to improve the ambient condition processing and stability of perovskite solar cells, we adopt two strategies — 1) Addition of a protective material tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), in the perovskite layer that protects the perovskite material from exposure to moisture, and 2) Aerosol method to fabricate the perovskite layer. The devices are prepared and tested under ambient humidity (30–50%).
What’s the Matter?

What is matter anyway? Really. In the fifth century B.C., a Greek—Democritus, by name—argued on philosophical grounds that one could not indefinitely subdivide matter into smaller and smaller bits. He expected that on cutting matter into finer and finer pieces, eventually one would come to a bit of matter that could not be cut. In his view, there existed tiny fundamental building blocks or particles, which could not be divided any finer and from which all other matter is constructed. These fundamental entities came to be called atoms, from a Greek word meaning uncuttable. Of course, Democritus had no means of testing his conjecture experimentally. Such evidence did not come until the early nineteenth century with the work of Lavoisier, Proust, and Dalton.*
Quality as a Dimension of Competition in the Fluid Milk Industry

EVEN though conventional economic theory has historically emphasized price competition and price output analysis, competition is now generally viewed as a joint resultant of product,' price and promotion. It is also consistent with our normative ideas about market performance that physical product quality should be an important aspect of the product dimension of competition. However, the importance and implications of physical product quality as a dimension of competition may vary tremendously among industries. In the fluid milk industry, physical product quality has traditionally been emphasized as an important competitive element. This is especially true for the distribution of fluid milk through retail food stores where the prices and services offered to consumers are often identical among brands. It is this segment of the industry that is given particular attention in this paper. Economic theory indicates that the intensity of product quality competition in the fluid milk industry, in spite of its traditional emphasis, should be limited. Limiting factors include the lack of natural opportunities for quality competition because of the relatively invisible nature of milk quality and the magnitude of institutional arrangements, as health department regulations, which place restrictions on the use of any natural opportunities that might exist. As a result, the primary opportunity for physical quality variability in the industry would seem to be in the area of vertical quality differences as contrasted to horizontal and/or innovational differences.2 That is, any physical quality differences among fluid milk brands would likely be caused by differences in quality attributes which are capable of objective measurement and laboratory testing. Examples of these attributes include keeping quality and specific nutrient content. Abbott, however, suggests that horizontal and innovational differences, not vertical differences, offer the greatest possibilities for in-
Adoptive Transfer of Phosphoantigen-Specific γδ T Cell Subset Attenuates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Nonhuman Primates.

The dominant Vγ2Vδ2 T cell subset recognizes phosphoantigen and exists only in humans and nonhuman primates. Despite the discovery of γδ T cells >30 y ago, a proof-of-concept study has not been done to prove the principle that the Vγ2Vδ2 T cell subset is protective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other infections. In this study, we used an adoptive cell–transfer strategy to define the protective role of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in a primate tuberculosis (TB) model. Vγ2Vδ2 T cells for adoptive transfer displayed central/effector memory and mounted effector functions, including the production of anti– M. tuberculosis cytokines and inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria. They also expressed CXCR3/CCR5/LFA-1 trafficking/tissue-resident phenotypes and consistently trafficked to the airway, where they remained detectable from 6 h through 7 d after adoptive transfer. Interestingly, the test group of macaques receiving transfer of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells at weeks 1 and 3 after high-dose (500 CFU) M. tuberculosis infection exhibited significantly lower levels of M. tuberculosis infection burdens in lung lobes and extrapulmonary organs than did the control groups receiving PBLs or saline. Consistently, adoptive transfer of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells attenuated TB pathology and contained lesions primarily in the infection site of the right caudal lung lobe, with no or reduced TB dissemination to other lobes, spleen, or liver/kidney; in contrast, the controls showed widespread TB dissemination. The proof-of-concept finding supports the view that the dominant Vγ2Vδ2 T cell subset may be included in the rational design of a TB vaccine or host-directed therapy.
Long-term outcome of epicardial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator systems in children: results justify its preference in paediatric patients.

Aims The question of whether transvenous or epicardial implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) system is more beneficial in children and adolescents is controversially discussed. We sought to analyse the long-term outcome after implantation of ICDs using epicardial pacing/sensing and pleural shock leads. Methods and results Retrospective analysis of 31 consecutive patients undergoing a total of 55 implantations of epicardial/pleural ICD systems below 20 years of age. Median age at implantation was 11.4 years (range 2.2-20) and median follow-up 57 months (range 0.4-127). The ICDs were implanted for primary (n = 17) and for secondary prevention (n = 14). The first defibrillation threshold at implantation was ≤25 J in 94% of the implant procedures. Appropriate shocks occurred in 6 of 31 patients. Inappropriate shocks occurred in 4 of 31 patients triggered by lead fracture, T-wave oversensing, sinus tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. Freedom from first ICD discharge was 81, 71, and 71% at 3, 6, and 9 years, respectively. Reoperation was indicated in 16 of 31 patients for lead failure (n=11), end of battery life (n=10), generator migration (n=1) and recall (n=1); freedom from reoperation was 74 and 55% at 3 and 6 years. Conclusion Paediatric epicardial/pleural ICD therapy is feasible, effective, and safe both in the short-term as well as in the long-term perspective at the price of relatively frequent surgical revisions. They do not generally result in an increased burden of inappropriate shocks. This ICD system meets the needs of the paediatric population and can be recommended as a first choice in this age group.
Hydride Conformers of the Nitrogenase FeMo-cofactor Two-Electron Reduced State E2(2H), Assigned Using Cryogenic Intra Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Cavity Photolysis.

Early studies in which nitrogenase was freeze-trapped during enzymatic turnover revealed the presence of high-spin (S = 3/2) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals from the active-site FeMo-cofactor (FeMo-co) in electron-reduced intermediates of the MoFe protein. Historically denoted as 1b and 1c, each of the signals is describable as a fictitious spin system, S′ = 1/2, with anisotropic g′ tensor, 1b with g′ = [4.21, 3.76, ?] and 1c with g′ = [4.69, ∼3.20, ?]. A clear discrepancy between the magnetic properties of 1b and 1c and the kinetic analysis of their appearance during pre-steady-state turnover left their identities in doubt, however. We subsequently associated 1b with the state having accumulated 2[e–/H+], denoted as E2(2H), and suggested that the reducing equivalents are stored on the catalytic FeMo-co cluster as an iron hydride, likely an [Fe–H–Fe] hydride bridge. Intra-EPR cavity photolysis (450 nm; temperature-independent from 4 to 12 K) of the E2(2H)/1b state now corroborates the identi...
The effect of antithrombotic therapy on patency rates of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts

In an attempt to improve upon the reported long-term patency rates of 65% to 859c for saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG), a prospective randomized trial comparing warfarin, aspirin, and placebo treatment in post-CABG patients was carried out. From an initial group of 216 patients, 161 patients remained in the study, and vein graft patency was determined in 111 patients (220 grafts) from 1 to 47 months postoperatively. There was a trend toward better cumulative graft patency in patients given warfarin, but the results did not achieve statistical significance. Improved results with warfarin were most marked among patients who were restudied within 24 months of CABG operation, in most instances because of the development of recurrent angina pectoris. There were four major bleeding complications of warfarin therapy, including one death, over 2,108 patient-months. Since most of the occlusive changes in vein grafts appear in the first 6 to 12 months, any effect of antithrombotic therapy will be most evident in the early postoperative period, with greatly reduced impact with long-term administration. Results of this study suggest that short-term antithrombotic therapy deserves further assessment in prevention of vein graft occlusion in the first year or two following a CABG operation. This potential benefit must be evaluated in the context of the recognized bleeding complications of warfarin therapy.
Using Digital Trace Analytics to Understand and Enhance Scientific Collaboration

Social interaction and idea flow have been shown to be important factors in the collaboration work of scientific and technical teams. This paper describes a study to investigate scientific team collaboration and activity through digital trace data. Using a 27-month electronic mail data corpus from a scientific research project, we analyze team member participation and topics of discussion as a proxy for interaction and idea flow. Our results illustrate the progression of participation and conversational themes over the project lifecycle. We identify temporal evolution of work activities, influential roles and formation of communities throughout the project, and conversational aspects in the project lifecycle. This work is the first step of a larger research program analyzing multiple sources of digital trace data to understand team activity through organic products and byproducts of work.
Multiple Testing Approaches for Removing Background Noise from Images

Images arising from low-intensity settings such as in X-ray astronomy and computed tomography scan often show a relatively weak but constant background noise across the frame. The background noise can result from various uncontrollable sources. In such a situation, it has been observed that the performance of a denoising algorithm can be improved considerably if an additional thresholding procedure is performed on the processed image to set low intensity values to zero. The threshold is typically chosen by an ad-hoc method, such as 5% of the maximum intensity. In this article, we formalize the choice of thresholding through a multiple testing approach. At each pixel, the null hypothesis that the underlying intensity parameter equals the intensity of the background noise is tested, with due consideration of the multiplicity factor. Pixels where the null hypothesis is not rejected, the estimated intensity will be set to zero, thus creating a sharper contrast with the foreground. The main difference of the present context with the usual multiple testing applications is that in our setup, the null value in the hypotheses is not known, and must be estimated from the data itself. We employ a Gaussian mixture to estimate the unknown common null value of the background intensity level. We discuss three approaches to solve the problem and compare them through simulation studies. The methods are applied on noisy X-ray images of a supernova remnant.
G-protein-linked receptors as tyrosine kinase substrates: new paradigms in signal integration.

Abstract Understanding how cells integrate signals from a variety of chemically diverse information-containing molecules into complex, orchestrated responses such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis is an overarching goal of cell biology. The ligand molecules that act upon cell surface receptors include those mediating proximal aspects of signal transduction through two major pathways: those that are G protein linked and those that are tyrosine kinase linked. G-protein receptors in the hundreds operate by means of less populous groups of heterotrimeric G proteins and the effectors regulated by G proteins. Growth factor receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity constitute a relatively large group of receptors, which share several downstream signalling elements with the G-protein-linked receptors. Integration between these two dominant pathways has been obvserved at several levels. The most proximal and intimate interaction possible—that between G-protein-linked receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors—has been discovered. Emerging data reveal new paradigms in which phosphorylation of G-protein-linked receptors on specific tyrosyl residues by tyrosine kinases enable G-protein-linked receptors to interact with adaptor molecules and enzymes previously thought to be restricted only to the signalling derivative of tyrosine kinase receptors.
The Expansion of Casino Gambling in the United States—State Revenues and Public Interest Implications

ABSTRACT Casino gambling has greatly expanded in the United States since 1988. This paper considers the public interest implications of this change, including increased social costs and state reven...
Posttraumatic stress symptoms, shame, and substance use among Asian Americans.

Abstract Background To examine the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and substance use among Asian Americans and the influence of a culturally-relevant moderator, shame. Methods From 2016 to 2017, 199 participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk and a university subject pool completed an online survey. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests explored demographic and clinical differences among three Asian American ethnic subgroups (East Asians, South Asians, and Southeast Asians). Generalized linear models assessed the association between PTSS and substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs) and the moderation of this relationship by shame. Results Ethnic subgroups significantly differed on all three substance use variables. The severity in PTSS was significantly associated with hazardous drug use (IRR = 1.03, (1.01, 1.05), p = .003). The association between PTSS and days of tobacco use and binge drinking was significantly moderated by shame. Low levels of shame increased the effect of PTSS on binge drinking (IRR = 1.05, (1.00, 1.10), p = .035) and tobacco use (IRR = 1.15, (1.11, 1.19), p Conclusions Among Asian Americans, the association of PTSS and substance use depends on shame. Lower levels of shame are a risk factor, increasing the effect of PTSS on substance use. Culturally-modified addiction treatments should assess for shame among Asian Americans and attend to ethnic sub-group diversity in substance use.
Art and Entanglement in Strange Tools

What is art? Why does it matter? What does it tell us about ourselves? In this essay, I introduce and in some cases extend the basic account of these matters offered in Strange Tools (New York, Hill and Wang: 2016).
Voltage graphs

A possible way to obtain a complicated graph imbedding in a surface is to derive it as a covering of a simpler imbedding by assigning ''voltages'' to the edges of the simpler imbedding. Although this new method is but the dual of the current graph construction,it has independent importance in practical applications, illustrated here by a computation of the genus of a class of metacyclic groups.
Thoracic outlet syndrome.

"Thoracic outlet syndrome" is a term ascribed to a complex clinical entity encompassing complicated neurovascular signs, symptoms and pathology of the upper extremity. Controversies exist concerning its causes, diagnosis, and treatment despite years of intense study of hundreds of patients. Although there is no universal agreement on the diagnostic and treatment modalities to be applied to each patient, general guidelines have emerged that can aid hand surgeons in recognizing and evaluating these potentially difficult patients. A review of the anatomy, causes, clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, and treatment options available for thoracic outlet syndrome is presented, followed by an illustrative case.
Maintain Order And Lose Your Shirt: Personal Liability Of Educators In The Classroom

Professors, teachers and school administrators are increasingly faced with concerns not even thought of in previous decades. For example, drugs, weapons, suicides, robberies, and assaults are now everyday occurrences in some educational facilities. Being able to cope with such situations requires care and some knowledge of the law. In addition, the danger to school employees can go even further, such as personal financial liability in the form of damage law suits by students against the school and its employees. Obviously, the thought of an educator losing personal assets and retirement pay because of only trying to protect other students or one’s own self is daunting.
Leaching of elements from cement activated fly ash and slag amended soils

Abstract Very few studies have investigated the leaching characteristics of cement activated fly ash and slag treated soils, although the inclusion of cement significantly enhances the material pH and may alter the leachability of elements. In this study the leaching behavior and mechanisms of chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) from cement activated fly ash and slag stabilized soils were evaluated. An array of synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), batch water leach test (WLT), toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and pH-Static leach tests were conducted. A geochemical equilibrium model Visual MINTEQ was implemented to identify the leaching controlling mechanisms of the metals. Results indicated that, the leached concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe and S in SPLP, WLT and TCLP effluents were in the range of 0.016–0.74 mg/L, 0.013–0.17 mg/L, 0.019–0.27 mg/L and 1.78–234 mg/L, respectively. Quantitative comparisons between the standard test procedures suggested the necessity of multiple test methods for a comprehensive leaching assessment. Cr and Cu showed amphoteric leaching behaviors, whereas Fe and S followed cationic leaching patterns. According to the geochemical analyses, amorphous Cr(OH)3; tenorite and Cu(OH)2; ferrihydrite and goethite; gypsum and anhydrite; could control the leaching of Cr, Cu, Fe and S, respectively. The effluent Cr concentrations frequently exceeding the U.S. EPA specified maximum contaminant level of 0.1 mg/L. Yet, the use of cement activated fly ash and slag mixed soils could be beneficial, since less toxic trivalent Cr (III) was identified through geochemical modeling.
Intent or Gross Negligence: Hillary Clinton Should Be Charged Under 18 U.S.C. § 793 for Mishandling Classified Information

The Department of Justice failed to pursue justice when it decided not to file charges against Hillary Clinton regarding her private e-mail server. Congress created a statute that encompasses the mishandling of classified information through both willful intent and gross negligence to hold government officials to the oath they swore, which is to protect our nation’s secrets. Hillary Clinton’s acts were precisely what Congress intended to curb, and the lack of charges reveals a hole in our justice system that must be filled.
Molecular basis for the interaction between human choline kinase alpha and the SH3 domain of the c-Src tyrosine kinase.

Choline kinase alpha is a 457-residue protein that catalyzes the reaction between ATP and choline to yield ADP and phosphocholine. This metabolic action has been well studied because of choline kinase’s link to cancer malignancy and poor patient prognosis. As the myriad of x-ray crystal structures available for this enzyme show, chemotherapeutic drug design has centered on stopping the catalytic activity of choline kinase and reducing the downstream metabolites it produces. Furthermore, these crystal structures only reveal the catalytic domain of the protein, residues 80–457. However, recent studies provide evidence for a non-catalytic protein-binding role for choline kinase alpha. Here, we show that choline kinase alpha interacts with the SH3 domain of c-Src. Co-precipitation assays, surface plasmon resonance, and crystallographic analysis of a 1.5 A structure demonstrate that this interaction is specific and is mediated by the poly-proline region found N-terminal to the catalytic domain of choline kinase. Taken together, these data offer strong evidence that choline kinase alpha has a heretofore underappreciated role in protein-protein interactions, which offers an exciting new way to approach drug development against this cancer-enhancing protein.
Perceived neighborhood social cohesion and cardiometabolic risk: a gene × environment study.

People living in socially cohesive neighborhoods generally have better health. We extend this research by evaluating the hypothesis that perceived neighborhood cohesion may influence health by atte...
False Elevation of Volume Determined by Bladder Scanner Secondary to Bowel Obstruction

Bladder scanners allow for quick determination of bladder volumes (BV) with minimal training. BV measured by a machine is generally accurate; however, circumstances exist in which falsely elevated BVs are reported. This case details a patient with a significant small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome causing a falsely elevated BV. We believe this is the first case report of a SBO causing an elevated BV by bladder scanner. Emergency physicians should be aware of the pitfalls of using bladder scanners, and use their point-of-care ultrasound skills when possible to expand their differential.
Space Charge Limited Transport in Si Field Emitter Arrays

Field emitter arrays (FEAs) are cold electron sources for applications such as radio frequency (RF), ion and xray sources. For any application, the current density is of utmost importance and it is the main figure of merit. Little work has been done to understand how to geometrically optimize the design of the anode in order to provide the optimal current drive for a given voltage. It is well-known that thermionic sources obey the 1D Child-Langmuir space charge limit which provides the geometrical design considerations. Here, we investigate the impact of the 1D Child-Langmuir law on Si FEAs by changing the cathode/anode distance. We report that Si FEAs obey the classical law with one slight modification.
Evaluating the National Institutes of Health's Sex as a Biological Variable Policy: Conflicting Accounts from the Front Lines of Animal Research.

Background: Since the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Revitalization Act of 1993, focus on the equitable inclusion of women in clinical research has been ongoing. NIH's 2015 sex as a biological variable (SABV) policy aims to transform research design, analysis, and reporting in the preclinical sphere by including male and female organisms in vertebrate animal research as well as human studies. However, questions remain regarding how researchers and members of research oversight committees perceive the value and need of the SABV policy. Materials and Methods: Based on 62 interviews with animal researchers and oversight personnel, we analyze what the animal research community knows about the policy and sees as the benefits and challenges of implementation. Results: We found that the 62 interviewees disagreed about the need for the policy, with some being supportive and others questioning whether the policy is based on science or is politically motivated. There were also tensions in how interviewees conceptualized the challenges to and resources needed for implementing the SABV policy. For instance, while some thought implementation would require a significant increase in numbers of animals used for each study, others explicitly rejected this claim. Conclusions: We conclude by discussing the practical and social implications of our findings about the views of members of the animal research community regarding the SABV policy.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Substance Use Disorder in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treating substance use disorder (SUD) in patients with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and SUD may lower medical, psychiatric, and social complications. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the clinical benefits of pharmacological interventions to treat SUD in patients with ADHD. METHODS Articles were searched on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Embase, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE from 1971 to 2020. Data for SUD treatment as primary study endpoints and ADHD symptoms management as secondary outcomes were synthesized using random-effects model meta-analysis. Studies (N = 17) were included. The principal measure of effect size was the standardized mean difference (SMD). PROSPERO registration: CRD42020171646. RESULTS The pooled effect of pharmacological interventions compared with placebo was small for the reduction in substance use (SMD = 0.405, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.252, 0.557], P < .001), abstinence (SMD = 0.328, 95% CI: [0.149, 0.507], P < .001), craving (SMD = 0.274, 95% CI: [0.103, 0.446], P = .002), and the reduction in the frequency of ADHD symptoms (SMD = 0.420, 95% CI: [0.259, 0.582], P < .001). The pooled effect was moderate for the management of withdrawal symptoms (SMD = 0.577, 95% CI: [0.389, 0.764], P = .001]) and the decrease in the severity of ADHD symptoms (SMD = 0.533, 95% CI: [0.393, 0.672], P < .001). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The magnitude of benefits for pharmacological interventions varies. Despite some limitations, it was positive. This meta-analysis is the first to appraise the benefits of medications to treat SUD in ADHD. It is the groundwork for treatment and risk mitigation. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).
Organizing high-end restaurants

This paper develops a theory of the organization of high-end restaurants. I identify the high degree of output complexity produced by these establishments as the industry’s fundamental characteristic. This high degree of output complexity leads to reputational investments by restaurants, which in turn affects their organizational structure. In particular, my theory addresses the prevalence of chef-owned establishments in the fine dining industry and the assignment of productive tasks within its kitchens.
Family-Based Interventions with Transgender and Gender Expansive Youth: Systematic Review and Best Practice Recommendations

Research on transgender and gender expansive (TGE) youth has highlighted the disproportionate and challenging mental health and developmental outcomes faced by these young people. Research also lar...
Ikhana MIZOPEX and Alaska Fire Missions

Discussion of the proposed operations of the Ikhana UAS over Alaska and the Beaufort Sea for melting ice studies and fire observation technology development.
Aggregated Multicast for Scalable QoS Multicast Provisioning

IP multicast suffers from scalability problem with the number of concurrently active multicast groups, while scalability of QoS multicast is even further from being solved. In this paper, we propose an approach to reduce multicast forwarding state and provision multicast with QoS guarantees. In our approach, multiple groups are forced to share a single delivery tree. We discuss the advantages and some implementation issues of our approach, and conclude that it is feasible and promising. We then describe how to use our approach to provision scalable QoS multicast. Finally, we define metrics to quantify state reduction and use simulations to show how our scheme achieves state reduction. These initial simulation results suggest that our method can reduce multicast state significantly.
Inducer Exclusion and Repression of Enzyme Synthesis in Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium Defective in Enzyme I of the Phosphoenolpyruvate:Sugar Phosphotransferase System

The synthesis of inducible catabolic enzyme systems was studied in Salmonella typhimurium strains defective in Enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Sugar substrates of the phosphotransferase system repressed the synthesis of the enzyme systems required for the catabolism of melibiose, maltose, and glycerol (but not of several other sugars) and inhibited the corresponding permease systems. Kinetic experiments provided evidence for an interaction between the phosphotransferase system and the permease systems listed above. Inducer exclusion appears to be one of the factors involved in the repression of enzyme synthesis.
Facilitating Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Talk About Equity: What Are the Strengths and Limitations of Four Strategies for Professional Learning?

We investigated a 2.5-year professional development effort designed to support practicing science and mathematics teachers in understanding equity and enacting equitable practices. Our purpose was to inform the research base on effective equity professional development, toward the goal of better supporting science and mathematics teachers in transforming their views and practices. Because talk is central to learning, we examined how four strategies for professional learning facilitated or constrained teachers’ shared equity talk: (1) engagement in teacher research, (2) reflection on personal experiences, (3) modeling of reform-based instructional practices, and (4) examination of school/state/national data on student course taking and achievement. We asked: How did teachers’ shared equity talk vary across these strategies? To answer this question, we qualitatively analyzed recorded seminars, teacher interviews, and written reflections to determine the opportunities each strategy afforded teachers to talk about equity, and the length and substance of teachers’ equity talk as a result. We found that, despite teachers’ construction of a shared equity discourse and the iterative implementation of professional learning strategies, the type of strategy implemented did indeed matter. Although all four strategies provided teachers similar opportunities to discuss equity, some strategies were more effective than others in facilitating equity conversations.
Positron annihilation in sodium tungsten bronze

The electronic structure of three rare-earth metals has been studied by measuring the angular correlations of the photons emitted when positronn annihilate with the electrons in the metal. From the results it is deduced that gadolinium and cerium at room temperature each has approximately three conduction electrons per atom, while ytterbium has approximately two as expected from the localized /-electron model. Qualitative information is obtained about the dis­ tortion of the Fermi surfaces of these three metals and it is concluded that the polarization of the conduction electrons in the magnetically ordered state of gadolinium is small. Annihilations with ion core electrons comprise a significant proportion of the total in each metal, the number relative to the conduction electron annihilations decreasing with increasing atomic number.
Computed Tomography in Choroidal Detachment

Abstract Computed tomography proved valuable in localizing and differentiating serous or hemorrhagic choroidal detachment and scleral infolding. The mean attenuation values (CT numbers) in the region of fresh hemorrhagic choroidal detachment were 74 Hounsfield units (HU). The 90% confirmation limit of the mean was 55 to 84 HU. For serosanguineous choroidal detachment, the mean was 50 HU, with a 90% confirmation limit of 46 to 54 HU. For serous choroidal detachment the mean was 46 HU, with a 90% confirmation limit of 39 to 53 HU. Inflammatory choroidal detachment showed uveoscleral enhancement, which in cross section appeared as a ring (ring sign), and subchoroidal or intrauveal accumulation of fluid. Ocular hypotony produced the characteristic CT “umbrella sign.”
Prediction of spontaneous ureteral calculous passage by an artificial neural network.

Purpose: Although a consensus exists that small stones presenting in the distal ureter have a good probability of spontaneous passage, it is difficult to predict in individuals whether a particular ureteral stone would pass or require intervention. If an accurate judgment were made at presentation on the likelihood of stone passage, patients would receive immediate intervention for the stone or be notified of a more appropriate time at which to expect passage. We used an artificial neural network to evaluate data in patients with ureteral calculi to predict whether a stone would pass spontaneously or require intervention.Materials and Methods: Data were collected from the records of 181 patients presenting with colic due to a ureteral calculus. Patient input factors included age, sex, race, marital status, insurance, stone side, level and size, hydronephrosis and obstruction grades, duration of symptoms before presentation, serum creatinine, history of stone passage or intervention and nausea, vomiting or...
AFFLUENT PLAYERS IN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY: EMPLOYERS OF PAID DOMESTIC WORKERS

This article uses the case of paid domestic work in Los Angeles to argue that affluent and middle‐class members of U.S. society constitute important participants in the informal economy. In‐depth, tape‐recorded interviews conducted with thirty‐five employers of nannies and house cleaners, and survey responses of 154 Latina house cleaners and nannies shows that compliance with government regulations, as indicated by payment of Social Security, Medicare and federal tax withholdings, are rare. Affluent citizens may not directly depend on informally generated income, but as employers of paid domestic workers and nannies, they do depend on informally organized and remunerated services. Employers of paid domestic workers rely on three major narrative strategies to distance themselves from the regulations, arguing that the standards should be followed by certain categories of people (attorneys, celebrities, the very wealthy), that the regulations apply only to those employing full‐time help, and that the regulations are illegitimate because both undocumented workers and the state lack legitimacy. These rationalizations allow them to simultaneously condemn Zoe Baird and yet follow the same practices. Upgrading the occupation requires state support and the education of employers. This process would lead to greater recognition of paid domestic work as an occupation, one that merits the protections and regulatory guidelines governing other jobs.
Meat Palatability of Duroc and Chinese First-Cross Barrows

Duroc, Meishan, Fengjing and Minzhu boars were mated to White composite gilts. Trained sensory panel evaluation and Warner-Bratzler shear force determinations were made on chops that had been aged 4 days postmortem. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in juiciness, connective tissue amount, flavor intensity, tenderness or shear force values among sire breeds. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in cooking losses, although meat from the Duroc-sired pigs cooked at a faster (P < 0.05) rate, but required longer cooking (P < 0.05) times than that from the other sire breeds. These data indicate the introduction of currently available Chinese genetics into the U.S. swine population would have little effect on the palatability of pork loin chops.