cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New, Dispersion-Driven Intermolecular Arrangement for the Benzene-Water Octamer Complex: Isomers and Analysis of their Vibrational Spectra.

The anharmonic spectra of the gas phase cubic water octamer (W8, D2d and S4 isomers) have been theoretically calculated at the second order Moller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) and the coupled cluster with single, double and a perturbative estimate of triple replacements [CCSD(T)] theories. The CCSD(T) harmonic frequencies are the first ones reported for this cluster. An additional band at ∼3500 cm(-1) is reported, in a spectral area that was not previously accessible experimentally due to technical reasons. The IR spectra of the S4 isomer have a larger number of fundamental bands than the spectra of the D2d isomer, in accordance with the presence of lower symmetry in the former compared to the latter. When W8 interacts with benzene (BZ), the dispersion interaction plays a major role in determining the resulting intermolecular arrangement. Calculations at the MP2, DFT (with the ωB97XD functional which includes dispersion corrections) and CCSD(T) levels of theory suggest an optimal arrangement in which BZ is almost parallel to one of the faces of the W8 cube. This structure differs from the previously reported one in which one of the "free" OH bonds of the W8 cube pointed toward the center of BZ (Science 276, 1678 (1997)) that was determined at the DFT level with the dispersionless B3LYP functional and was used to assign the experimentally measured IR spectra. Five low-lying isomers, three of the S4-like and two of the D2d-like type, were determined, and their spectra were assigned. The perturbation of BZ to the W8 vibrational bands amounts to (i) the localization of the normal modes of W8 thus resulting in more IR active bands and (ii) the lowering of the overall symmetry of the complex that results in the splitting of the doubly degenerate bands of the bare W8. Our results further suggest that a future recording of the IR spectra in the HOH bending region can definitively aid in the assignment of the various isomers of both the BZ and the BZ-W8 complexes.
Abstract 5006: Elucidating the mechanism of bile acid-induced activation of estrogen receptor β in colorectal adenocarcinoma

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA In previous studies, Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) was investigated as a chemopreventive drug for the prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence. These studies revealed that the efficacy of UDCA was gender-specific. The use of UDCA in men significantly lowered the odds of advanced lesions in men, but significantly increased the odds of advanced lesions in women, more specifically, in females who were younger, obese, or whose diet was high in fat. The gender specific role of UDCA led us to investigate this bile acids’, along with deoxycholic acid's (DCA), ability to activate the estrogen receptor in colon cancer. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is the predominant estrogen receptor in both normal and malignant human colon tissue, and loss of ERβ has been shown to be critical for tumor cell differentiation. Elevated concentrations of bile acids have previously been shown to promote colon cancer and growing evidence indicates that these molecules play a vital role in regulating cell signaling and gene expression. In our current studies, through western blot and qRT-PCR analysis, we have shown that DCA-treated HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells significantly induce the phosphorylation of ERβ, as well as increase gene expression of the pS2 estrogen response element (ERE). UDCA was also shown to induce phosphorylation of ERβ, but much later than DCA. However, UDCA increases gene expression of pS2 at much earlier time points than DCA. In addition, we have also shown that when pre-treating HT-29 cells with the MEK 1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, bile acid-induced phosphorylation of ERβ is significantly reduced, along with ERE gene up-regulation. Collectively, this data suggests that bile acids are inducing the activation of ERβ through a ligand-independent mechanism via the MAPK signaling cascade. Citation Format: Jesse Trujillo. Elucidating the mechanism of bile acid-induced activation of estrogen receptor β in colorectal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5006
Computer Simulation and Digital Resources for Plastic Surgery Psychomotor Education

Contemporary plastic surgery residents are increasingly challenged to learn a greater number of complex surgical techniques within a limited period. Surgical simulation and digital education resources have the potential to address some limitations of the traditional training model, and have been shown to accelerate knowledge and skills acquisition. Although animal, cadaver, and bench models are widely used for skills and procedure-specific training, digital simulation has not been fully embraced within plastic surgery. Digital educational resources may play a future role in a multistage strategy for skills and procedures training. The authors present two virtual surgical simulators addressing procedural cognition for cleft repair and craniofacial surgery. Furthermore, the authors describe how partnerships among surgical educators, industry, and philanthropy can be a successful strategy for the development and maintenance of digital simulators and educational resources relevant to plastic surgery training. It is our responsibility as surgical educators not only to create these resources, but to demonstrate their utility for enhanced trainee knowledge and technical skills development. Currently available digital resources should be evaluated in partnership with plastic surgery educational societies to guide trainees and practitioners toward effective digital content.
Relationship Quality in Higher Education Marketing: The Role of Social Media Engagement.

ABSTRACTThe landscape in consumer marketing is changing due to the rise in popularity of social media. This shift has also affected how higher education institutions build relationships with their stakeholders. This study explores how social media engagement impacts relationship quality between the university and one of its key stakeholder groups, students. Data were collected via an online survey and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, regression and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results indicated a positive association between students following a university via social media and the perception of having a high-quality relationship with their university, and that following a university on multiple social media sites leads to an even higher perception of relationship quality. The results provide important and timely implications for both universities and higher education marketers. Our findings suggest that higher education marketers should invest resources in social media communications to form high-quali...
Allocation of reliability–redundancy and spares inventory under Poisson fleet expansion

ABSTRACTThis article proposes an integrated product-service model to ensure the system availability by concurrently allocating reliability, redundancy, and spare parts for a variable fleet. In the literature, reliability and inventory allocation models are often developed based on a static installed base. The decision becomes really challenging during new product introduction, as the demand for spare parts is nonstationary due to the fleet expansion. Under the system availability criteria, our objective is to minimize the fleet costs associated with design, manufacturing, and after-sales support. We tackle this reliability--inventory allocation problem in two steps. First, to accommodate the fleet growth effects, the nonstationary spare parts demand stream is modeled as a sum of randomly delayed renewal processes. When the component's failure time is exponential, the mean and variance of the lead time inventory demand are explicitly derived. Second, we propose an adaptive base stock policy against the tim...
HLA-DP Mismatches Increase the Risk of Acute GVHD after Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Transplantation (UDT).

Abstract The HLA class II DP locus encode for both subunits of DPB1 heterodimers, which have low levels of expression on the cell surface of antigen presenting cells. We hypothesized that donor-recipient HLA-DP mismatch would lead to an increased incidence of acute (a) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and that 2 mismatches would likely be even more significant. Methods: We studied 84 consecutive patients (pts) with myeloid leukemias in complete remission (CR) transplanted from 01/02 to 02/06. Preparative regimens were ablative IV Busulfan-based (n=58) or Cy/TBI (n=2), and reduced intensity (Fludarabine (Flu)/Bu 130 mg/m2/2 doses plus Gleevec (n=8), and Flu/Melphalan 140 mg/m2 (n=16). Stem cell (SC) source was bone marrow (n=70) or peripheral blood (n=14). ATG was given in 78 cases. GVHD prophylaxis was tacrolimus and mini-methotrexate in all cases, with additional pentostatin in 31 pts. High-resolution typing was sequence-based for HLA-A, B, DRB1; SSP was used for DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1, and SBT/SSOP for HLA-C. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to study aGVHD-free and relapse-free (RFS) survival. Variables with a p-value Results: Median age was 48 yrs (range, 14–72). Diagnoses were MDS (n=5), AML (n=58), and CML (n=21). 54 pts (64%) were beyond 1st CR; all CML pts were in >1st chronic phase (CP). Sixty-one pts were 10/10 HLA match (A, B, C, DRB1, DQB1), and 23 had one or more mismatches. All but one pt engrafted neutrophils at a median of 13 days. 33 pts (39%) and 13 pts (15%) developed grade II–IV and III–IV aGVHD, respectively. Chronic GVHD incidence was 51%. With a median follow-up of 18 mo. (range,1.3–52) 60 pts are alive; 40 pts have relapsed or died. Median survival has not been reached. Number of DP mismatches and incidence of aGVHD is shown in the table. The following covariates influenced aGVHD-free survival by MV analysis: Flu-based regimen (P=0.005; HR 0.25 (95%CI 0.1–0.66), reduced intensity regimens (p=0.02; HR 0.35 (95%CI 0.15–0.83) and presence of 2 DPB1 mismatches (p=0.02; HR 3.07 (95%CI 1.19–7.95). Presence of 1 DPB1 mismatch was not significantly associated with aGVHD. There was no statistically significant correlation between presence of 2 DP mismatches and RFS (P=0.17;HR 0.3 (95%CI 0.06–1.65);HR 0.75 for 1 mismatch) or with cGVHD. Actuarial 2-yr survival for 10/10 matched pts without DP mismatches (12/12) versus those with DP mismatches is 82% versus 71%(P=0.6). In the 10/10 matched group, GVHD was the cause of death only among recipients of 2 DP mismatches transplants (n=4). Conclusion: Mismatching at HLA-DPB1 may increase the risk of aGVHD following UDT. The role of DP in the development of GVHD and GVL effects merits future study. Incidence of acute GVHD 10 of 10 matches number of DP mismatches grade II–IV grade III–IV 0 8% 0% 1 23% 8% 2 45% 18% number of DP mismatches grade II–IV grade III–IV 0 45% 15% 1 82% 36% 2 80% 40%
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Aglime and Pelleted Aglime in Two Central Iowa Soils

Liming of acidic soils increases crop yield and farming profitability. The effectiveness of a liming material for neutralizing soil acidity depends mainly on its calcium carbonate (CaCO3) equivalent (CCE) and its fineness. The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS) rules for agricultural lime (aglime) sales requires measuring Effective CCE (ECCE), which combines CCE and fineness efficiency estimates. Use of pelleted finely ground limestone has increased in recent years, but scarce field research has evaluated how ECCE evaluates the granulation effect on its acid neutralizing capacity compared with aglime. Therefore, a study was conducted at two Iowa State University (ISU) central Iowa farms to compare the effectiveness of calcium carbonate, calcitic aglime, and pelleted calcitic aglime at increasing soil pH and crop yield.
An analytical framework for exploring context-specific micro-economic impacts of ICT capabilities

ABSTRACTIncreasing investments in ICT is often premised on the assumption that such investments will lead to improvements in productivity and other aspects of development at the organizational and national levels. However, it is reasonable to expect that any such impact will vary depending on the context, including the ability to modify and manipulate a chain of intermediate links within the “investments in ICT → outcomes of investments in ICT” process. In this study, we present a new framework for exploring context-specific impacts of ICT capabilities on microeconomic outcomes. The proposed framework is tested within the context of 24 economies that fall into a set of five mutually exclusive economy groups, where group membership is based on a classification scheme of the International Monetary Fund (2011). The results of the data analysis yield (1) a set of context-specific factors that differentiate five economy groups in terms of the microeconomic impact of ICT, and (2) offer insights into specific ar...
Caribbean free villages: Toward an anthropology of blackness, place, and freedom

In the 1950s, Sidney Mintz carried out a short study of Caribbean settlements known as free villages. These communities were designed by Baptists as postemancipation social and economic living spaces for formerly enslaved Afro-descendant peoples. Mintz was ultimately interested in establishing a village typology, describing how the church shaped villagers’ social and moral lives and gauging the communities’ capacity as a site of Afro-Caribbean peasant resistance to plantations. This work influenced later studies of creolization, land, and the peasantry in free villages, as well as inquiries into the contemporary political-economic and historical context of Afro-Caribbean villages generally. Mintz's analysis can also be helpful for thinking through questions about social processes of rural place-making and investments in freedom among people of African descent. [peasantries, land, place, community, freedom, Sidney Mintz, Caribbean]
Prismatic Blade Production in the Lower Cacaulapa Valley, Honduras: Implications for a Late Classic Political Economy

Investigations of ancient political economies frequently focus on craft production. How manufacturing is organized can provide critical insights on more than the economy because social interactions and political processes are also involved. Here we consider how the acquisition, fabrication, and distribution of obsidian blades figured in the political strategies of craftworkers and elites within the Late Classic (AD 600–800) lower Cacaulapa Valley, northwestern Honduras. This evidence provides insights into the organization of craft manufacture across southeastern Mesoamerica and suggests that current models do not capture the varied production strategies that may be pursued within the same polity.
Differential manipulation of leaf angle throughout the canopy: current status and prospects

Leaf angle is defined as the inclination between the midrib of the leaf blade and the vertical stem of a plant. This trait has been identified as a key component in the development of high-yielding varieties of cereal species, particularly maize, rice, wheat, and sorghum. The effect of leaf angle on light interception efficiency, photosynthetic rate, and yield has been investigated since the 1960s, yet, significant knowledge gaps remain in understanding the genetic control of this complex trait. Recent advances in physiology and modeling have proposed a plant ideotype with varying leaf angles throughout the canopy. In this context, we present historical and recent evidence of: (i) the effect of leaf angle on photosynthetic efficiency and yield; (ii) the hormonal regulation of this trait; (iii) the current knowledge on its quantitative genetic control; and (iv) the opportunity to utilize high-throughput phenotyping methods to characterize leaf angle at multiple canopy levels. We focus on research conducted on grass species of economic importance, with similar plant architecture and growth patterns. Finally, we present the challenges and strategies plant breeders will need to embrace in order to manipulate leaf angle differentially throughout the canopy and develop superior crops for food, feed, and fuel production.
Is your patient using cocaine? Clinical signs that should raise suspicion.

Preview Cocaine may bring a feeling of euphoria, but the short-lived high often comes with lasting adverse consequences. Because use of the drug is on the rise, primary care physicians should be familiar with its attendant medical complications. How does cocaine affect the heart? The lungs? The nervous system? Which bodily functions does it inhibit? Or enhance? Dr Warner answers these and other questions in this overview of the medical consequences of cocaine use.
CE2016: Updated curricular guidelines for computer engineering

The report, Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering (CE2016), developed by the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society, was released in December of 2016. This is one volume of a series of reports covering curricula for a variety of computing fields; it is a significant update of the previous version, CE2004. This paper discusses significant aspects of CE2016, with a focus on how the report might be used in reviewing, updating, and creating computer engineering programs.
A Classroom-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Elementary Student On-Task Behavior

Few youths engage in the recommended amount of physical activity (PA). Many educators have concerns about increasing PA in schools, including taking time from academics, though studies show that sc...
Clinical Outcomes After Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Giant Pituitary Adenomas.

Background Giant pituitary adenomas represent a surgical challenge. We present the results of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for giant pituitary adenomas. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 patients with giant pituitary adenomas (>4 cm in maximum diameter) who underwent surgery with an EEA between 2008 and 2016. Factors affecting the extent of resection were evaluated. Results The mean patient age was 55.5 years. Tumors were nonfunctional in all but 4 patients, including 2 with growth hormone–secreting tumors, 1 with an adrenocorticotropic hormone–secreting tumor, and 1 with prolactinoma. Gross total resection was achieved in 24 patients (44%), and near-total resection (>90%) was achieved in 26 patients (47%). A multilobular configuration (P = 0.002) and cavernous sinus invasion (P = 0.044) negatively affected the extent of resection, whereas tumor size, intraventricular, and anterior or posterior fossa extension did not. Ten patients underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients with hormone-secreting adenomas required adjuvant medical and/or radiotherapy to achieve biochemical remission. Postoperative vision was improved or normalized in 32 patients (66%), stable in 15 patients (31%), and worsened in 1 patient. A new hormonal deficit occurred in 8 patients (17%), whereas recovery of an existing hormonal deficit occurred in 6 patients (20%). The mean duration of follow-up was 41 months. Tumor recurrence/progression occurred in 6 patients (11%). Complications included apoplexy of residual tumor resulting in ischemic stroke in 1 patient, postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak in 1 patient, and permanent diabetes insipidus in 4 patients (7%). Conclusions Surgery with the EEA is an excellent option for managing giant pituitary adenomas. It results in superior clinical outcomes to those obtained using traditional microscopic transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches as reported in the literature.
A perspective on brain-behavior relationships and effects of age and hearing using speech-in-noise stimuli.

Abstract Understanding speech in background noise is often more difficult for individuals who are older and have hearing impairment than for younger, normal-hearing individuals. In fact, speech-understanding abilities among older individuals with hearing impairment varies greatly. Researchers have hypothesized that some of that variability can be explained by how the brain encodes speech signals in the presence of noise, and that brain measures may be useful for predicting behavioral performance in difficult-to-test patients. In a series of experiments, we have explored the effects of age and hearing impairment in both brain and behavioral domains with the goal of using brain measures to improve our understanding of speech-in-noise difficulties. The behavioral measures examined showed effect sizes for hearing impairment that were 6–10 dB larger than the effects of age when tested in steady-state noise, whereas electrophysiological age effects were similar in magnitude to those of hearing impairment. Both age and hearing status influence neural responses to speech as well as speech understanding in background noise. These effects can in turn be modulated by other factors, such as the characteristics of the background noise itself. Finally, the use of electrophysiology to predict performance on receptive speech-in-noise tasks holds promise, demonstrating root-mean-square prediction errors as small as 1–2 dB. An important next step in this field of inquiry is to sample the aging and hearing impairment variables continuously (rather than categorically) – across the whole lifespan and audiogram – to improve effect estimates.
On the Complexity of the Simplex Method

Although the efficiency of the simplex method in practice is well documented, the theoretical complexity of the method is still not fully understood. In this paper we briefly review what is known about the worst-case complexity of variants of the simplex method for both general linear programs and network flow problems and the expected behavior of some of these variants based upon probabilistic analysis. We also give a new proof of the fact that the parametric-objective simplex algorithm, which is known to have an expected complexity that is polynomial in the dimensions of the problems being solved, performs an exponential number of pivots in the worst case.
Las Campanas Observatory

Las Campanas Observatory (LCO) of the Carnegie Institution of Science has been operating in Chile for about 50 years, currently operating four main telescopes. Carnegie operates the two 6.5 meter Magellan telescopes on behalf of a partnership that includes a consortium of universities. The Magellan Telescopes were commissioned in 2000 and 2002 and offer the consortium users a suite of twelve instruments. In this paper we will first provide a brief description of the science, technical and administrative structure of the observatory. We will then present an updated review of the Magellan telescopes operations and maintenance. Details on status and performances of the instruments will be given. We will finally cover the operations of the duPont 2.5 meter and Swope 1 meter telescopes including the current and future collaboration with the two hemisphere surveys SDSS-IV and SDSS-V.
Liver endoplasmic reticulum: target site of halocarbon metabolites.

Initial injury produced by exposure of rats to carbon tetrachloride, halothane, vinyl chloride or trichloroethylene appears to involve the endoplasmic reticulum. First, there is dispersion of the ergastoplasm, then vacuolization and degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum with concomitant retraction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum into tightly clumped tubular aggregates. In addition, membranes in these tubular aggregates seem to undergo supra-molecular disassembly. Along with this structural disorganization, functional capacity of the organelle diminishes. Activation of these halocarbons to toxic species by functional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum is indicated by the enhancement of their toxicity by pretreatment with chemicals which induce components of the mixed function oxidase system and by the formation of certain metabolites and/or covalently bound products. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of membrane injury brought about by these halocarbon hepatotoxins has been provided by the characterization of chemical changes produced, such as increased lipid diene conjugate content, and the patterns of enzyme deactivation.
Twitter and Self-organization of Connective Action: The Case of Missing Iranian Climbers

Immediately after three Iranian climbers went missing on Broad Peak in the Himalayas in July 2013, Iranian Twitter users reacted and participated in a communication flow that led to spontaneous organization toward a common cause. We examined this tweet-based self-organization through quantitative and qualitative analyses of the information-sharing patterns of users during a two-week period surrounding the day when the climbers were reported missing. The data analysis process included descriptive and content analyses of 32,760 Persian and English tweets through generating hashtag, mention, and word frequency as well as topic modeling of the tweets. The results of the study proved the formation of a self-organized connective action by Iranians; previously non-affiliated people came together in an emergency, contributed to disseminating news about the event, and internally coordinated the flow of communication to reach their common goal. Iranian Twitter users worked toward making the disappearance of the climbers a trending topic on Twitter to draw global attention and used hashtags and mentions to coordinate their self-organized communication network toward reaching out to international news agencies and organizations for help. Our analysis suggests that while new media facilitated the participation of masses of people in this common cause, traditional media was deemed more effective in mobilizing resources and authorities and hence was reached out to for help disseminating information with the hope of accelerating the rescue process. The study provided insights into the dynamics of Twitter-based connective action in crisis communication in a non-Western socio-cultural context.
Some Physiologic Effects of Isometric Work in Man

Abstract An apparatus for measuring isometric work is described. A comparison is made of the blood pressure changes resulting from isometric work and isotonic work. The isometric work causes sharp rises in systolic and diastolic blood pressures while the isotonic work causes significant changes only in the systolic blood pressure.
Abstract P182: Daily Subcutaneous Administration of a Biopolymer-Stabilized VEGF Chimera Optimizes Therapeutic Efficacy in Treating a Rodent Model of Placental Ischemia

Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-5% of pregnancies with gestational hypertension, and programs later life outcomes in both mother and offspring. The unknown etiology arises from abnormal remodeling ...
Multi-layer Embedding Neural Architecture with External Memory for Large-Scale Text Categorization

Text categorization proves to be very effective for many language processing applications. Over the years, with the advent of different machine learning entities, the prediction of text categories becomes easier even for a very large document after subtle extraction of features from the documents. Particularly, the learning of sequential features from text data can achieve the state-of-the-art prediction performance. Traditional sequence based deep learning algorithms, namely recurrent neural network (RNN) and its variants, learn and embed features effectively to categorize documents in terms of sequences of a document. However, the memory capacity of these algorithms to track the sequences is limited and less accurate, particularly for the document with a large context. This paper studies an external memory based sequential learning framework to overcome the memory capacity problem. In this work, we propose to employ a multi-layer embedding neural architecture with external memory for the large-scale text categorization problem. It employs long-short-term memory (LSTM) layers as the controller to capture short-term sequential patterns longer and utilizes an external memory to memorize long-term contextual information. An embedded feature layer is introduced to generate one-hot feature vectors from the text. The whole neural architecture is fully differentiable and thus it can be trained in an end-to-end manner. Our experimental results show that the proposed text categorization method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods over a number of large-scale text categorization benchmarks.
3528 Common Mechanisms Underlying Epilepsy and Tauopathy

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Neurologic disorders are among the most significant health challenges facing society today. Although different neurologic disorders are often thought to be distinct from one another, evidence suggests similar processes may contribute to pathology in different diseases. Previous studies suggest that common disease mechanisms contribute to the development of epilepsy and tauopathy. The purpose of this study is to better characterize this relationship and explore potential therapeutic avenues to slow disease progress. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study uses the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy to explore the effect of severe seizures on tau pathology. Brains were collected from mice at 6 or 24 hours after induced status epilepticus. Homogenates were analyzed via Western blot to look for changes in tau phosphorylation or activity of two major regulators of tau phosphorylation, GSK3β and PP2A. These data show that changes in tau phosphorylation dynamics occur at a much earlier time point after status epilepticus than has previously been described. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: GSK3β activity increased within 6 hours and remained elevated by 24 hours. PP2A activity initially decreased but returned to normal by 24 hours. These data show that changes in tau phosphorylation dynamics occur at a much earlier time point after status epilepticus than has previously been described. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The current project supports previous observations that seizures promote tau phosphorylation in vivo, but suggests that changes begin much earlier than previously thought. Further work is needed to understand how post-seizure changes in tau phosphorylation develop over longer periods of time. Additionally, future work will characterize the effect of tauopathy on electrical activity in vivo and in vivo.
Music Therapy in Pediatrics: Clinical Indications for the Treatment of Functional Symptoms

Music therapy is the clinical, evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship. Cross-culturally, music has been acknowledged as an integral part of healing rituals throughout recorded history. Music therapy is distinct from music listening and other types of “music medicine” due to its emphasis on individual assessment and treatment planning, goal setting, and the importance of a therapeutic relationship through implementation by a trained clinician. In pediatric settings, music therapy goals are aligned with the goals of child- and family-centered medical treatment: music therapists utilize elements of music and rhythm in interventions to support pediatric patients and families in successfully coping with stressors, particularly stressors inherent to illness and hospitalization. Successful coping includes the amelioration of functional symptoms that arise in association with anxiety, agitation, poor arousal/emotional regulation, low mood, refusal to cooperate/comply with treatment, and pain. This chapter provides a brief review of the literature supporting the efficacy of music therapy in pediatric medical settings, as well as a case example and suggested guidelines for referral.
Understanding the Role of α Particles in Oblique Heliospheric Shock Oscillations

Recent observations by DSCOVR provide high temporal resolution (50 samples per second) magnetic vector field data that allows investigating the details of oblique heliospheric shock oscillations. It was found that some of these shocks exhibit magnetic oscillations, both downstream and upstream of the shock front. The DSCOVR/MAG magnetic field data are supplemented by an extensive database of low Mach number (M < 3) low‐β (<1) shock data observed by Wind albeit with lower temporal resolution. Motivated by the observations, we use the 2.5D hybrid model of the oblique shocks with α particles in addition to kinetic protons and electron fluid. We model the properties of the oblique shocks for a number of typical parameters found in observations and study the effects of the shock parameters and the relative α particle abundances on the properties of the shock magnetic field, density, and velocity oscillations. We find the α particles “surf” on the shock front and produce a wake of density oscillations. We examine the details of the phase space of the ions as well as the ion velocity distribution functions in various parts of the shock and study their nonthermal properties. We determine the effects of the α particle kinetic properties and abundances on the structure and dynamics of the shock downstream oscillations for a range of parameters relevant to low Mach number low‐β heliospheric shocks.
Hyperglycaemia as an inducer as well as a consequence of impaired islet cell function and insulin resistance: implications for the management of diabetes.

It is postulated that hyperglycaemia influences the natural history of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycaemia, even when mild, can attenuate the secretory response of pancreatic β and α cells to increments in glucose and can impair insulin-mediated glucose transport, thus impeding its own correction and initiating a cycle of progressive self-exacerbation and metabolic deterioration. Both reduced islet function and insulin action may be the consequence of a generalized down-regulation and/or occupation of glucose transporters by hyperglycaemia so that the islets respond less to further increments in glycaemia. The postulated hyperglycaemic cycle can be initiated by any environmental perturbation that increases insulin demand in previously normoglycaemic patients in whom insulin secretion has already reached a maximum level of compensation for peripheral insulin resistance (as in obese pre-Type 2 diabetes) or for a reduced β-cell mass (as in pre-Type 1 diabetes). Elimination of hyperglycaemia by any means can halt this cycle of progressive metabolic deterioration and may restore transiently metabolic recompensation both in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. There is experimental evidence that long-standing severe hyperglycaemia may irreversibly damage β cells.
Renovation in Hospitals: Pressurization Strategies by Healthcare Contractors in the United States.

Objective:The objective of the study was to identify current practices utilized by contractors in healthcare renovation projects.Background:Renovation in healthcare facilities comprises nearly half...
FLT3ITD Target Enhancers Are Primed but Inaccessible in Fetal Hematopoietic Progenitors

The FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3ITD) is common somatic mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We have previously shown that FLT3ITD fails to induce changes in HSC self-renewal, myelopoiesis and leukemogenesis during fetal stages of life. FLT3ITD signal transduction pathways are hyperactivated in fetal progenitors, but FLT3ITD target genes are not. This suggests that postnatal-specific transcription factors may be required to help induce FLT3ITD target gene expression. Alternatively, repressive histone modifications may impose a barrier to FLT3ITD target gene activation in fetal HPCs that is relaxed during postnatal development. To resolve these possibilities, we used ATAC-seq, as well as H3K4me1, H3K27ac and H3K27me3 ChIP-seq, to identify cis-elements that putatively control FLT3ITD target gene expression in fetal and adult hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We identified many enhancer elements (ATAC-seq peaks with H3K4me1 and H3K27ac) that exhibited increased chromatin accessibility and activity in FLT3ITD adult HPCs relative to wild type adult HPCs. These elements were enriched near FLT3ITD target genes. HOMER analysis showed enrichment for STAT5, ETS, RUNX1 and IRF binding motifs within the FLT3ITD target enhancers, but motifs for temporally dynamic transcription factors were not identified. We cloned a subset of the enhancers and confirmed that they could synergize with their promoter to activate a luciferase reporter. For representative enhancers, STAT5 binding sites were required to activate the enhancer - as anticipated - and RUNX1 repressed enhancer activity. We tested whether accessibility or priming changed between fetal and adult stages of HPC development. FLT3ITD-dependent changes in chromatin accessibility were not observed in fetal HPCs, though the enhancers were primed early in development as evidenced by the presence of H3K4me1. Repressive H3K27me3 were not present at FLT3ITD target enhancers in either or adult HPCs. The data show that FLT3ITD target enhancers are demarcated early in hematopoietic development, long before they become responsive to FLT3ITD signaling. Repressive marks do not appear to create an epigenetic barrier to enhancer activation in the fetal stage. Instead, age-specific transcription factors are likely required to pioneer enhancer elements so that they can respond to STAT5 and other FLT3ITD effectors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effects of Cigarette Nicotine Content and Menthol Preference on Perceived Health Risks, Subjective Ratings, and Carbon Monoxide Exposure Among Adolescent Smokers

Introduction Minimal research exists on adolescent smokers' perceptions of very low-nicotine-content (VLNC) cigarettes. As approximately half of adolescent smokers prefer menthol cigarettes, it is important to consider the influence of menthol preference on VLNC cigarette perceptions and to what extent menthol preference may affect VLNC smoking behavior. This study examined the effects of cigarette nicotine content and menthol preference or menthol smoking on health risk perceptions, subjective ratings, and carbon monoxide (CO) boost in adolescent smokers. Methods Across two counterbalanced sessions, adolescent smokers sampled VLNC and normal nicotine content (NNC) research cigarettes following overnight abstinence. Cigarettes were mentholated or non-mentholated consistent with participants' usual brand. In each session, participants smoked the research cigarette and then completed the Perceived Health Risk Scale and Cigarette Evaluation Scale. Breath CO readings were obtained pre- and post-smoking. Mixed-factor ANOVA tests compared outcomes with cigarette type (VLNC vs. NNC) as the within-subjects factor and menthol preference as the between-subjects factor. Results Participants (N = 50) were M = 17.7 years old, smoked M = 8.2 cigarettes/day, and 56% typically smoked menthol cigarettes. Participants reported lower risk of developing lung cancer, other cancers, emphysema, bronchitis, and heart disease (ps ≤ .05) when smoking VLNC cigarettes relative to NNC cigarettes. Perceived risk of addiction and stroke did not differ by nicotine content. Menthol preference or menthol smoking did not moderate risk perceptions, subjective ratings, or CO boost. Conclusions Adolescents may incorrectly perceive that VLNC cigarettes are less harmful products. Health communication campaigns could help to correct VLNC misperceptions and potentially minimize unintended consequences of a nicotine reduction policy.
Nuclear Arms Race in Asia: Challenges and Containment

This chapter considers the prospects and risks associated with a nuclear arms race in Asia. North Korea has repeatedly tested nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles under the regime of Kim Jong-un and claimed to have developed an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capable of reaching the continental United States. On-again, off-again negotiations between the Trump administration and the Kim Jong-un regime produced promissory notes of North Korean willingness to disarm at least part of its arsenal—maybe. In return, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) (DPRK) expected the United States and others to lift economic sanctions imposed on Pyongyang for past nuclear and missile tests defying UN restrictions. It was difficult to imagine any set of incentives that would cause North Korea to commit to US-demanded comprehensive and verifiable dismantlement of its entire nuclear program and infrastructure. Nuclear Asia also includes the Indo-Pakistan rivalry, Sino-Russian competition within a declaratory framework of mutual cooperation on strategic matters (read: we both agree that the United States is a dangerous hegemonic superpower and must be resisted, although we both remain wary of one another’s grand designs in the region) and the US Pacific presence, including nuclear-capable air and naval power and US defense commitments to Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.
Chapter 15 – Photosystem I

Publisher Summary This chapter discusseses PS I in detail. Chlamydomonas has been an incredibly powerful and productive platform from which to study PS I. PS I is composed of 14 polypeptides and its core cofactors are explained in depth. Energy transfers within, from PS I and to other cell is also elaborated. After a shift of the mutant to the nonpermissive temperature, PS I remained stable, indicating that the effect was upon assembly. PS I can be thought of as a light-driven electron pump, transferring electrons from plastocyanin (or cytochrome c 6) on the lumenal side to ferredoxin on the stromal side, both across the thylakoid membrane and over an energy barrier. PS I can function as part of the linear or cyclic electron transport pathways. The resemblance of PS I from this organism to that of higher plants also allows the study of questions that would not be easy or possible in either plants or cyanobacteria. These include: the mechanisms by which external antenna proteins attach to the PS I, and how these interactions are regulated; the structural arrangement of these antenna proteins with PS I, and how these relate to pathways of excitation quenching; and the role of specialized membrane domains in the function of PS I.
Informal mentoring for aspiring school leaders: a phenomenological study

Informal mentoring had been previously identified as a vital component to leadership development and succession planning. Through a phenomenological approach, we sought to capture the lived experie...
The Use of Problem-Based Learning in Rural Special Education Preservice Training Programs:

This manuscript presents a case for the use of problem-based learning (PBL) in the preservice training of rural special educators. The PBL process is defined and its implementation procedures are o...
COVID-19 Among African Americans: An Action Plan for Mitigating Disparities.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded across the United States, troubling disparities in mortality have emerged between different racial groups, particularly African Americans and Whites. Media reports, a growing body of COVID-19-related literature, and long-standing knowledge of structural racism and its myriad effects on the African American community provide important lenses for understanding and addressing these disparities.However, troubling gaps in knowledge remain, as does a need to act. Using the best available evidence, we present risk- and place-based recommendations for how to effectively address these disparities in the areas of data collection, COVID-19 exposure and testing, health systems collaboration, human capital repurposing, and scarce resource allocation.Our recommendations are supported by an analysis of relevant bioethical principles and public health practices. Additionally, we provide information on the efforts of Chicago, Illinois' mayoral Racial Equity Rapid Response Team to reduce these disparities in a major urban US setting.
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in contaminated food contact articles: identification using DART-HRMS and GC-MS.

Any food contact material (FCM) must be approved by the US FDA as being compliant with Title 21 of the Code of Federal regulations Parts 170–199, and/or obtain a non-objection letter through the Fo...
EXAFS and Surface EXAFS: Principles, Analysis and Applications

A discussion is given of principles and analysis methods of the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) technique with emphasis on applications in surface crystallography. The various detection techniques in use such as transmission, fluorescence, electron yield and ion yield will be discussed and compared with respect to their applicability for surface studies. Analysis procedures of the EXAFS data will be outlined. Finally selected examples of surface structure investigations will be presented such as electron yield EXAFS studies of oxygen on Al (111) and ion yield EXAFS studies of oxygen on Mo(100).
Ovary and Fallopian Tube

Biopsies and wedge resections of the ovary are infrequently performed procedures that are used primarily for the evaluation of infertility. Biopsies should be measured, briefly described as to color and texture, and submitted in their entirety. Wedge resections should also be weighed and evaluated for capsule thickening, “powder burns” of endometriosis, subcortical cysts, and yellow stromal nodularity indicating hyperthecosis. Sections should be taken perpendicular to the ovarian surface to demonstrate the relationship of the capsule, cortex, and medulla.
IMMIGRATION LAW—THE PENDENCY OF A MOTION TO REOPEN BEFORE THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS AND ITS EFFECT ON APPELLATE COURT JURISDICTION: REJECTING THE "SUSPENDED FINALITY" APPROACH IN DEPORTATION CASES

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Stabilization of Cu(I) for binding and calorimetric measurements in aqueous solution

Conditions have been developed for the comproportionation reaction of Cu(2+) and copper metal to prepare aqueous solutions of Cu(+) that are stabilized from disproportionation by MeCN and other Cu(+)-stabilizing ligands. These solutions were then used in ITC measurements to quantify the thermodynamics of formation of a set of Cu(+) complexes (Cu(I)(MeCN)3(+), Cu(I)Me6Trien(+), Cu(I)(BCA)2(3-), Cu(I)(BCS)2(3-)), which have stabilities ranging over 15 orders of magnitude, for their use in binding and calorimetric measurements of Cu(+) interaction with proteins and other biological macromolecules. These complexes were then used to determine the stability and thermodynamics of formation of a 1 : 1 complex of Cu(+) with the biologically important tri-peptide glutathione, GSH. These results identify Me6Trien as an attractive Cu(+)-stabilizing ligand for calorimetric experiments, and suggest that caution should be used with MeCN to stabilize Cu(+) due to its potential for participating in unquantifiable ternary interactions.
Apparent hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic conditioned responses with exogenous insulin as the unconditioned stimulus

Rats were injected with either insulin or saline and placed in one of two distinctive environments for 25 min on each of several days. On test trials for conditioning, the animals were injected with saline in both environments and blood glucose levels were measured. Apparent conditioned changes were obtained, but the direction of the conditioned response depended upon the environment in which the animals were placed. A conditioned hyperglycemic response occurred in one environment, and a conditioned hypoglycemic response occurred in the other environment. This pattern occurred in both within-subject and between-subjects designs and was not influenced by route of insulin injection (ip or sc). The hypoglycemic, but not the hyperglycemic, response was blocked by methyl atropine. The occurrence of both CR patterns with the same low insulin dose is contrary to previous speculation that the different CR patterns are due to different dose levels of insulin.